juez

Ladino: גואיס (jues)

Spanish: juez (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Latin iūdicem. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese juiz and Old French juge.

[…] Quiçab. ha .L. iuſtos en eſta uilla e pues matar los as. E non parçiras allogar por los .L. iuſtos. Por fer eſta coſa uedado ſea ati. de matar el iuſto por el peccador. Nõ ſe juez en toda la tierra q̃ fẏzies eſte iudizio.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2r:

“ […] Perhaps there are fifty righteous in this city and thus you would kill them. Will you not spare the place for the fifty righteous? To do such a thing is far from you; to kill the righteous because of the sinner. I know not of a judge on earth who would make such a judgment”.


sacerdote

desctree

Spanish: sacerdote
→ Classical Nahuatl: sacerdote

Borrowed from Latin sacerdotem, from sacer (“sacred, holy”).

Vinierõ al flũ con el arca del teſtamẽt e q̃ndo cataron los pies de los ſac̃dotes enel agua partierõ ſe las aguas adieſtro ⁊ aſinieſtro e eſtidierõ cuemo mõtõ […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 28r:

They came to the river with the Ark of the Testimony, and when the feet of the priests touched the water the waters parted to the right and to the left, and they stood up like a heap […]


vasallo

Spanish: vasallo

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 11r. b.
E ſubieron cõ el todos ſos vaſallos de pharaon. los mayores de su caſa de pharaon & todos los mayores de egypto.

And all of Pharaoh's vassals went forth with him; the elders of the house of Pharaoh and all the elders of Egypt.


mayoral

Spanish: mayoral

[…] e enbẏo amonte libano .lxxx. mil om̃s q̃ taiaſſen madera. e .lxx. mil maçoneros pora la obra de la piedra ſin los maẏorales q̃ les comendauan q̃ auien a fer.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 49r:

[…] And he sent to Mount Lebanon eighty thousand men to cut wood and seventy thousand masons for the working of stone, besides the foremen who commanded them what they were to do.


encantador

Spanish: encantador

From Latin incantātōrem, singular accusative of incantātor (“enchanter, soothsayer”), from incantō (“I enchant”).

Sant peẏdro fo p̃dicar en roma. e por occaſiõ de ſimõ magus el encantador. nero el enꝑador fizolo meter en .+. dela cabeça aẏuſo e delos pies aſuſo.

Saint Peter went to Rome to preach, and because of Simon Magus the sorcerer Nero the emperor had him put on a cross with his head down and his feet up.


pharaon

Spanish: faraón

Borrowed from Late Latin pharaō, from Ancient Greek φαραώ (pharaṓ), from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr:aA (pr-ꜥꜣ, “palace, pharaoh”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">pr-ꜥꜣ</i>

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 12r. a.
Fablat agora delant pharaon & dezidle que myo padre me coyuro. […] dixo pharaon ſub & ſotierra to padre.

Speak now before Pharaoh and tell him that my father asked [something] of me. […] Pharaoh said: "go forth and bury your father".

Idem, f. 11r. b.
E ſubieron cõ el todos ſos vaſallos de pharaon. los mayores de su caſa de pharaon & todos los mayores de egypto.
And all of Pharaoh's vassals went forth with him; the elders of the house of Pharaoh and all the elders of Egypt.


espia

Spanish: espía

From Gothic *𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰 (*spaiha), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”).

Mando el nr̃o ſeñor amoẏſen q̃ tremetiesſe eſpias atiera de chanaan por barũtar q̃ tr̃a era

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 22v:

Our Lord ordered Moses to send spies to the land of Canaan to get a sense of what [kind of] land it was.


arquero

Spanish: arquero

From Late Latin arcārius, alteration of arcuārius, from Latin arcus (“bow”).

[…] ⁊ alcaçáron los phẏliſteos a ſaul. E mataró le .iij. fijos e aionata ⁊ amẏnadab e melchẏſſue cóſiguẏeron los arq́ros a ſaul e fue el mal có ellos […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 32v:

[…] And the Philistines overtook Saul and killed his three sons, Jonathan, Abinadab and Malki-Shua. The archers found Saul and he fared not well with them. […]

Idem, f. 42r.
fueró ala batalla a ramot galaad. e demudos el Rey de ſus armas. e entros ala batalla. e tirol .j. arq́ro. e firiol entrela loriga elas brafoneras.

And they went up to the battle at Remoth Gilead. And the king disguised his armor and went into battle. And an archer shot him and wounded him between the cuirass and arm braces.


carcelero

Spanish: carcelero

From Latin carcerārius, from carcer (“prison”).

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 6v. col. 1.
e fue nŕo ſénor có ioſep e diol ſu gŕa e ouo grát amor có el caŕelero.

and the Lord was with Joseph and gave him grace and great favor with the prison warden.


estrellero

Spanish: estrellero

De como nascio Mahomat. & de lo que dixo dell Judio estrellero.

c. 1270, Alfonso X, Estoria de Espanna, f. 163r:

On how Muhammad was born and what the Jewish astrologer said about him.

Idem, f. 163v

On how the Jewish astrologer said that the two angels should rip out Muhammad's heart.

De como dixo ell Judio estrellero que sacaran el coraçon a Mahomat los dos angeles.


cantador

Spanish: cantador

From Latin cantātōrem, singular accusative of cantātor (“musician, singer”). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese cantador.

dixo heliſeₛ viuo es el ſennor delos fõſados delant q̃en ẏo eſto q̃ ſi ñ fueſſe por berguẽça de ioſapha nó cataria ati nj not ueria. agora adozid me .j. cantador epues q̃nt adios cantare ſera ſobrel ppħiſmo del criador.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v:

[Then] Elisha said, “The Lord of Hosts lives, before whom I stand, [for] were it not out of regard for Jehoshaphat, I would not look at you nor see you. [But] now bring me a singer.” And so when to God he sings the prophecy of the Creator will be upon him.


clerigo

Spanish: clérigo

Semi-learned borrowing from Late Latin clēricus, from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós), from κλῆρος (klêros, “clergy”).

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r. b.
El to clerigo almerich. a / Rçidiano de antiochẏa. réde gŕas / adios & atẏ.

Your cleric Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, gives thanks to God and to you.


arcidiano

Spanish: arcediano

From Late Latin archidiaconus, based on Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + διάκονος (diákonos, “servant, minister”).

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r.
[R]emont por la gracia de dios. arçobispo de Toledo. a don almeric. arçidiano de antiochia con grant amor ſalut ⁊ amidtad.
Remont, by the Grace of God archbishop of Toledo, to master Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, with great love, haleness and goodwill.

To this the archdeacon responded thus, “My lord, master Remont, archbishop of Toledo, your cleric Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, gives thanks to God and to you”. […]

Idem, f. 1r. a qui reſpódio el arcidiano El mẏo ſénor dó remont. arçobispo de Toledo. El to clerigo almerich. aRçidiano de antiochẏa. réde gŕas adios & atẏ. […]


arçobispo

desctree

Spanish: arzobispo
Chavacano: arzobispo
→ Bikol Central: arsobispo
→ Cebuano: arsobispo
→ Chibcha: arçobispo
→ Hiligaynon: arsobispo
→ Ilocano: arsobispo
→ Tagalog: arsobispo

→ Andalusian Arabic: ارصبشب (arṣubišbu)

From Late Latin archiepiscopus, based on Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “bishop”).

Remont, by the grace of God, archbishop of Toledo, to don Almeric, archdeacon of Antioch […]

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r. a. [R] / emont por la gracia de dios. arço / biſpo de Toledo. a don alemeric. arçi / diano de antiochia […]


cabdiello

Spanish: caudillo, cabdillo (obsolete)
→ Catalan: cabdill (from obsolete form cabdillo)
→ English: caudillo
→ French: caudillo
→ Portuguese: caudilho
→ Russian: кауди́льо (kaudílʹo)

From Late Latin capitellum (“small head”), diminutive of Latin capitulum, from caput (“head”).

And they said: “Who will rise up before us as our leader in battle?” Our Lord said: “Judah will rise up, for I shall deliver the land into his hand.”

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 30r. col. 2. E dixierõ q ſubra / de lãte nos por cabdiello enla / batalla. Dixo nŕo ſẽnor iuda / ſubra caẏo dare la tŕa en ſu / mano. [E dixieron: “Qui subrá delante nos por cabdiello en la batalla?” Dixo nuestro señor: “Juda subrá, ca yo daré la tierra en su mano.”]


nigromanciano

Et los nigromancianos fazen creer q́ por su arte. ⁊ por su saber se faze aq́lla prennadez & se tuelle.

And the necromancers make others believe that, because of their art and knowledge, that pregnancy arises and disappears.


orebze

Spanish: oribe, orebce

From Latin aurificem, accusative of aurifex, from aurum (“gold”).

Et deſta piedra uſan mucho los orebzes, o aquellos que quierẽ el oro apurar.

And goldsmiths make good use of this stone, as do those seeking to purify gold.

Idem, 117v.
Et dellas ya q̃ ſon de color doro. ⁊ otras que de plata. / Et los orebzes la meten en eſtos dos metales por que los adoba mucho.

And, as some of these [stones] are the color of gold and others that of silver, jewelers pair them with these two metals because it adjusts them well.

a jeweler who works with gold and silver; a goldsmith or silversmith


cirurgiano

Spanish: cirujano

From cirulgia, cirurgia (“surgery”) + -ano.

Et los fiſicos ⁊ los cirurgianos huſan della en los q̃ q̃eren fender o taiar por que non ſientã la dolor.

And physicians and surgeons make use of it on those who they want to cut or slash, so they will not feel the pain.


orcero

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 80r. col. 1.
[…] dixo nr̃o ſẽnnor a ieremias ue a caſa del orcero e ẏ fablare cótigo.

[…] Our Lord said to Jeremiah, go to the potter's house, and I will speak to you there.

Idem, f. 84r. col. 1.
[…] ço es cãpo de ſangre. e ſolie ſeer cãpo de orceros. e ẏ fazien los uaſos de lodo

[…] Thus it is the field of blood, and it used to be the field of potters, and there they made the earthen jugs.


putana

Ladino: putana

From Old French putain, from Vulgar Latin putta, from Latin puta, feminine of putus (“boy”).

viola iuda cubierta e nola cõnoçio. E cuedo q̃ era putana. E dixol ẏaz comẏgo ⁊ dẏxo ella q̃ me daras. Acordarõ ſe q̃l dieſſe uncabrito e diol pẽnos ſo anẏello. Ela cinta q̃ cinnẏa. E el blago q̃ tenẏa. en su mano.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 6r:

Judah saw her covered and did not recognize her, and he thought she was a prostitute. And he said to her, “Lay with me”, and she replied, “What will you give me?” They agreed he would give her a young goat, and he pledged her his ring and his girdle and the staff he had in his hand.


mensagero

Spanish: mensajero

dixo ẏſaẏas a los menſageros q́l embio el reẏ ezechias aſſi dizredes al nŕo ſennor q́ diz el criador Nó temas delas menazas q́ oiſt de los uaſſallos del reẏ de ſur. Afe yo trametre uiéto ¬ oyra tal palabra. por q́stornara aſu tŕa ¬ ẏl fara morir aeſpada.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 54r:

Isaiah said the messengers sent to him by king Hezekiah, “You will tell our master that thus says the Creator, ‘Do not fear the threats you have heard from the servants of the king of the south. Lo, I will send wind and he will hear a rumor such that he will return to his land, and there he will be made to die by the sword.’”


nutriz

Spanish: nodriza

This form was probably borrowed from Latin nūtrīcem.

murio alli ebora la nutriz de rebeca. ealli fue soterrada.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 47r:

There died Deborah, Rebecca's nurse, and she was buried there.


nodriz

Spanish: nodriza

From Latin nūtrīcem, singular accusative of nūtrīx.

Eſte geu mato todos los q̃ remanecieron del caſado de cab amẏgos ⁊ parientes e nodrices q̃ nol remaſo parient en pariẽt.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 33r:

So Jehu killed all those who remained of the house who were near [to him]; friends and family and wet nurses, so that he left him no remaining survivors.


princeb

e pues uino nabuzardan qui era princeb de la caualleria e de nabucodonosor el reẏ de babilonia. e ueno en iħrꝉm e ardio las caſas del criador ela caſa del reẏ e todas las cſsas cabdales de iħrꝉm quemolas en fuego

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 59v:

And then came Nebuzardan, who was captain of the guard and of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. And he entered Jerusalem and burned the Houses of the Creator and the king's palace, and all the important houses of Jerusalem he set on fire.


princep

head

princep m (plural princeps or principes)

Dixo el prĩcep nabuzardan aieremias He agora yo te traẏo de la p̃ſon. Sit plad uenir conuſco ababilonia : anda fertemos bien. eſi nõ quiſieres uenir reman aq̃. eninguno nont fara peſar. e ue o q̃eres.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 61v:

And Nabuzardan the captain said to Jeremiah, “Now, look, I have released you from prison. If you want to come with me to Babylon, come, we will do you well. And should you not want to come, remain here, and no one will do you harm, so go wherever you want”.


fidenisa

An alteration of Late Latin pȳthōnissa, feminine form of Latin pȳthon (“oracle, soothsayer”), from Ancient Greek Πῡθώ (Pūthṓ, “Pytho; Delphi”).

der

& fue demãdar cõſeio auna mugier ſortera q̃ era en edom aqui uino el reẏ ſaul de mandar ɔſeio ala fideniſa ſta mugier ouo mẏedo al reẏ e dixo q̃ nõ faria. Jvro ſaul e dixo biuo es el criador q̃ non uerna nĩgun mal atẏ por eſta coſa.

Here king Saul came to seek counsel from the soothsayer And [so] he went to seek counsel from a soothsayer that lived in Edom. […] [But] this woman was afraid of the king, and she said she would not do [as he asked]. Saul swore and said, “Living is the Creator, that no harm shall come to you for this thing.”


adeuino

Spanish: adivino

From Latin dīvīnus (“prophetic”). Influenced by adeuinar (“to guess, solve”). Compare Old French devin.

Fveſſét ſamuel aſu caſa a ramata e nó vio mas ſamuel a ſaul faſta q́ ſamuel fue muerto ⁊ planieron le tod iſrɫ e ſotŕaron le en ramata ſu cibdat. & ſaul tollio los magos alos adeuinos de la tŕa.

Thence Samuel went to his house in Ramah, and Samuel did not see Saul again before Samuel died. And all of Israel mourned him, and they buried him in Ramah, his city. And Saul removed the necromancers and soothsayers from the land.


maçonero

Spanish: mazonero

From Old French maçon (“mason, builder”) + -ero.

[…] e enbẏo amonte libano .lxxx. mil om̃s q̃ taiaſſen madera. e .lxx. mil maçoneros pora la obra de la piedra ſin los maẏorales q̃ les comendauan q̃ auien a fer.

[…] And he sent to Mount Lebanon eighty thousand men to cut wood and seventy thousand masons for the working of stone, besides the foremen who commanded them what they were to do.


sortero

head

sortero m (plural sorteros, feminine singular sortera, feminine plural sorteras)

sorteros (plural)
sortera (feminine singular)
sorteras (feminine plural)

Spanish: sortero

From suerte (“lot, fate”) + -ero (occupational suffix). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese sorteira (“witch”).

cog

& fue demãdar cõſeio auna mugier ſortera q̃ era en edom […] ſta mugier ouo mẏedo al reẏ e dixo q̃ nõ faria.

And [so] he went to seek counsel from a soothsayer that lived in Edom. […] [But] this woman was afraid of the king, and she said she would not do [as he asked].

a person who draws lots, a soothsayer or oracle