angel

Ladino: andjel

desctree

Spanish: ángel
→ Cebuano: anghél
→ Chibcha: angel
→ Hiligaynon: anghel
→ Inabaknon: anghel
→ Karao: anghil
→ Mezquital Otomi: ě̱nxe̱
→ O'odham: aŋhil
→ Quechua: anqil
→ Tagalog: anghel
→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: öngel
→ Waray-Waray: anghel
→ Yucatec Maya: ángel
→ Zoogocho Zapotec: angl

From Latin angelus (“angel”), from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger, angel”).

der

eſtos angeles cõ q fablo abraã. vinieron a ſodoma e loth ſedia ala puerta dela cibdat. e violos e leuãtos cõtra ellõ. e omillos troa la tierra. e dixo les priego uos mios ſẽnores. Q̃ uẽgades acaſa de ur̃o ſieruo albergar.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v:

These angels to whom Abraham spoke came to Sodom, and Lot was at the city's gate. And he saw them and he got up to greet them and groveled with his face to the ground. And he said, “I beg you, my lords, come spend the night at your servant's house.”

Idem, f. 4v.
[…] veno el angel del cr̃ador de noch ⁊ dixo alabã. Gvardate de aquel om̃e nol fagas mal.
[…] And the angel of the Creator came to Laban at night and said unto him, “Beware that man and do him no harm.”


dios

Ladino: dio

Spanish: dios (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Latin deus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deywós. Doublet of dio, which came from the accusative form deum.

Lord, God of Israel, there is no god like you in the heavens or on earth […]

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 50r. a. Señor dios de iſrꝉ no a tal / dios en los cielos cuemo tu nĩ de yuſo en la tierra […]


Johan

desctree

Spanish: Juan
→ Carolinian: Wan
→ Classical Nahuatl: Juan
→ Chinese: → 胡安 (Hú'ān) (transliteration)
Don Juan → Chinese: → 唐璜 (transliteration)
→ English: Juan
→ Tagalog: Juan

From Latin Iōhannēs or Iōannēs, from Ancient Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān).

der

Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān)

Delãt ierico a .ij. milleros en la riƀa del flum iordan es bethania o baptizaua ſant ioħn baptiſta.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 31r:

Two thousand paces from Jericho, on the bank of the Jordan River, is Bethany, where Saint John the Baptist baptized.

(biblical, Christianity) The name of several persons in the Christian Bible, among them John the Baptist, John the Apostle, John the Evangelist and John of Patmos.


Passion

Spanish: Pasión

Borrowed from Latin passiōnem, accusative singular of passiō (“suffering”), from patior (“I suffer, endure”).

Sant pablo q̃ ante auie nõbre ſaulus fue del tribu de beniamin naſcio en iuda e al ſegũdo año ap̃s dela paſſiõ de iħu xp̃o baptizo ananias e damaſco […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:

Saint Paul, who before had the name Saul, was of the tribe of Benjamin. He was born in Judea, and in the second year after the Passion of Jesus Christ Ananias baptized [him] in Damascus […]


Pablo

Spanish: Pablo
→ Tagalog: Pablo

From Latin Paulus, from paulus (“small”).


infierno

desctree

Spanish: infierno
→ Cebuano: impiyerno
→ Tagalog: impiyerno

From Latin īnfernum; attested from 1140. Regarding the phonetics (Latin in normally becomes en in Spanish), the word was perhaps influenced or reinforced by the Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciation. There were similar developments in other Romance languages.

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 6r. a.
e dẏxo decẽdre / al infierno dolorioſo ſo por mẏo / fijo.

And he said: "I shall descend to hell unto my son in mourning."

Idem, 8r.
e ſi perdiere a beniamin deſcen / dre en mi ueieza enel ĩfierno. e / plorar lo he ẏ.

And should I lose Benjamin I will descend to hell, in my old age, and I shall mourn him there.

(biblical) Sheol, the Hebrew term for the underworld; hell.


Salomon

Spanish: Salomón

From Latin Salomōn, from Ancient Greek Σολομών (Solomṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה (šĕlōmōʰ), from שָׁלוֹם (šālōm, “peace”).

Todo lo que auia. y metio zorobabel. e ſos conpãneros por mandado de cyrus reẏ de ꝑſia toda la uaſiella de oro q̃ fizo el rey ſalomõ pora lacaſa del c̃ador.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 76r:

All that there was Zerubbabel placed there with his company by command of Cyrus, King of Persia; all the vessels of gold that King Solomon had made for the House of the Creator.


tabernaculo

Spanish: tabernáculo

From Latin tabernāculum (“tent, tabernacle”), from taberna (“hut, cabin”).

emoẏſẽ p̃ſo eltabernaculo etẽdiol fuera del abergadaetodo om̃e q̃ auia cueta alli yua all nr̃o ſeñor pedir merced emoẏſẽ q̃nd entraua en el tabernacɫo uinia la coruina de la nuf e eſtaua ala puerta dela tiẽda efablaua con moẏſẽ ala uiſta del pueblo é elloſ do eſtauan humilarõſe

c. 1200, Almerich, w:Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 20v:

And Moses took the tabernacle and pitched it outside the encampment, and every man that had a grievance would go there to Our Lord to ask for mercy. And when Moses entered into the tabernacle the pillar of cloud would come and stand at the door to the tent, and [He] would speak to Moses in view of the people, and they bowed down where they were.


Zorobabel

Spanish: Zorobabel

From Latin Zorobabel, from Ancient Greek Ζοροβαβέλ (Zorobabél), from Hebrew זְרֻבָּבֶל (Zerūbāḇel).


quarentena

Spanish: cuarentena

From Medieval Latin quarentīna (“forty days”), from Latin quadrāgintā (“forty”).

der

Tras ierico al ſol poniẽt es la quarẽtena. O xp̃s aẏuno .xl. dias & .xl. noches alli ſuſo en el mõt o quiſo tentar el diablo a xp̃s.

Behind Jericho, toward the setting sun, is the quarantine, where Christ fasted forty days and forty nights. There, on the mountain where the Devil attempted to tempt Christ.

(biblical) quarantine (desert where Christ fasted for forty days and nights)


ariento

From Latin argentum (“silver”), from Proto-Italic *argentom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm.

E vendierõ le por .xx. ariẽtos. El ariento ualia dẏño ⁊ medio. ço ſõ xxx. dẏneros.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v:

And [so] they sold him for twenty shekels. The shekel was worth a denarius and a half, so it was thirty denarii [in all].


clerigo

Spanish: clérigo

Semi-learned borrowing from Late Latin clēricus, from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós), from κλῆρος (klêros, “clergy”).

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r. b.
El to clerigo almerich. a / Rçidiano de antiochẏa. réde gŕas / adios & atẏ.

Your cleric Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, gives thanks to God and to you.


arcidiano

Spanish: arcediano

From Late Latin archidiaconus, based on Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + διάκονος (diákonos, “servant, minister”).

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r.
[R]emont por la gracia de dios. arçobispo de Toledo. a don almeric. arçidiano de antiochia con grant amor ſalut ⁊ amidtad.
Remont, by the Grace of God archbishop of Toledo, to master Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, with great love, haleness and goodwill.

To this the archdeacon responded thus, “My lord, master Remont, archbishop of Toledo, your cleric Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, gives thanks to God and to you”. […]

Idem, f. 1r. a qui reſpódio el arcidiano El mẏo ſénor dó remont. arçobispo de Toledo. El to clerigo almerich. aRçidiano de antiochẏa. réde gŕas adios & atẏ. […]


arçobispo

desctree

Spanish: arzobispo
Chavacano: arzobispo
→ Bikol Central: arsobispo
→ Cebuano: arsobispo
→ Chibcha: arçobispo
→ Hiligaynon: arsobispo
→ Ilocano: arsobispo
→ Tagalog: arsobispo

→ Andalusian Arabic: ارصبشب (arṣubišbu)

From Late Latin archiepiscopus, based on Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “bishop”).

Remont, by the grace of God, archbishop of Toledo, to don Almeric, archdeacon of Antioch […]

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r. a. [R] / emont por la gracia de dios. arço / biſpo de Toledo. a don alemeric. arçi / diano de antiochia […]


Mathathias

Spanish: Matatías

From Latin Mathathiās, an alternative form of Mattathiās, from Ancient Greek Μᾰττᾰθῐ́ᾱς (Mattathíās), from Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (mattiṯyāhū).

der

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (mattiṯyāhū)

EN ieruſalem era mathathias. […] ⁊ era om̃e q̃ amaua el criador […] e lo temie e ouo .v. fijos muy buenos cauallós e el uno uo nõbre iudas macabeus. e el otro ionatan. ⁊ leaza. e ſimeon. e ioan

[There] lived in Jerusalem Mattathias, and he was a man that loved the Creator and feared Him. And he had five sons, very upright men, and one had the name Judas Maccabeus, and the other Jonathan, and Eleazar and Simon and John.


Ihesu Xpisto

Spanish: Jesucristo

From Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς Χριστός (Iēsoûs Khristós, “Jesus Christ”), with the spelling reflecting the Greek letter forms.

bor

Ἰησοῦς Χριστός


ihu xpo

A Christogram and abbreviation of Ihesu Xpisto (“Jesus Christ”). Compare Latin IHS.

Sant pablo q̃ ante auie nõbre ſaulus fue del tribu de beniamin naſcio en iuda e al ſegũdo ãno ap̃s dela paſſiõ de iħu xp̃o […]

Saint Paul, who before had the name Saul, was of the tribe of Benjamin. He was born in Judah on the second year after the passion of Jesus Christ.

(Christianity) Abbreviation of Ihesu Xpisto.


eglesia

Ladino: iglesia, iglezia

Spanish: iglesia (see there for further descendants)

→ Sabir: iglezia

From Late Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía).

c. 1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 78v. col. 2.
Vn poco adelant apar de orient. es elaltar de ſanta trinjdat o la uera .☩. ſolie eſtar. todo es enla egleſia. dentro en el ſepulcro

A little toward the east is the altar of the Holy Trinity, where the True Cross used to be. Everything is in the church, inside the sepulcher.


Moysen

Spanish: Moisén

From Ancient Greek Μωϋσῆν (Mōüsên), accusative of Μωϋσῆς (Mōüsês), from Hebrew משה (moshé).

E moẏſen era paſtor ſobre las oueias de ſo ſuegro. E ueno a mõte deẏ oreb. Apparecioſ le nr̃o ſẽnor en la flama del fuego.

c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 12r. col. 2:

And Moses shepherded the sheep of his father-in-law. And [when] he went to Mount Horeb Our Lord appeared to him in the flames of the fire.


Iherusalem

Spanish: Jerusalén

From Late Latin Ierūsalēm, Hierūsalēm, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim).

der

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

Ont te ruego q̃ tu me enbies eſripto en vna carta la faziẽda de vltra mar. E los nõbres de laſ cibdades ⁊ de las tierras como ovierõ nõbre. En latin ⁊ en ebraẏco. equãto a de la vna cibdat ala otra. E las marauẏllas q̃ nr̃o ſẽnor dios fezo en ih̃rl̃m. e en toda la tierra de vltramar.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r:

So I pray you send to me written in a latter an account of the Holy Land, and the names of the cities and of the lands and the names they had in Latin and Hebrew, and the distance from one city to the other, and the wonders that Our Lord God worked in Jerusalem and throughout the Holy Land.

Idem, f. 78v.
Detras laujlla de ihrlm al ſol ponjent es monte ſion. ealli fue poblada laçjbdat de ihrlm.

Behind the city of Jerusalem, toward the setting sun, is Mount Zion, and there was established the city of Jerusalem.


Caym

Spanish: Caín

de lãt ebrõ mato caẏm a abel ſo ermano.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v:

It was outside Hebron that Cain killed his brother Abel.


tierra de promission

Spanish: tierra de promisión

c. 1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v.
allẏ en ebrõ. vinierõ las eſpias. del deſierto de faram. a tierra de promiſſion. Caleph. ⁊ ioſue. eſſos .x. cõpãneros.

The spies went there, from the desert of Paran, to Hebron, the Promised Land. Caleb, Joshua and their ten companions.


Ysaac

Spanish: Isaac

From Latin Isaac, from Ancient Greek Ἰσαάκ (Isaák), from Hebrew יצחק (Yiṣḥāq).

Reſpuſo ẏſaac ⁊ dẏxo. De groſſura de la tierra ⁊ del ruçio ſera tu bẽdicion. De los cieloᷤ ſera tu bendicion. Sobre tu eſpada biuras. E ato ermano seruiras. […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 4r:

Isaac answered and said, “Your blessing shall be away from the fatness of the earth and from the dew. Your blessing shall be away from the heavens. You shall live by the sword and your brother you shall serve. […] ”


Ultramar

Borrowed Old French Outremer (literally “overseas”) as a territorial designation.

bor

Ont te ruego q̃ tu me enbies eſripto en vna carta la faziẽda de vltra mar. E los nõbres de laſ cibdades ⁊ de las tierras como ovierõ nõbre. En latin ⁊ en ebraẏco. equãto a de la vna cibdat ala otra. E las marauẏllas q̃ nro ſẽnor dios fezo en iħrꝉm. e en toda la tierra de vltramar.

(historical) the Holy Land; the Crusader states established after the First Crusade


Babilonna

A naturalized pronunciation of Babilonia.

e el reẏ con ſana q́ auie mando que mataſen todos los ſabios de babilonna e demandaron a danel e aſos conpaneros por matar

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 64v:

And the king, full of anger, ordered all the wise men of Babylon be put to death, and they sought Daniel and his companions to put them to death.


peccador

head

peccador m (plural peccadores, feminine singular peccadora, feminine plural peccadoras)

peccadores (plural)
peccadora (feminine singular)
peccadoras (feminine plural)

Spanish: pecador

[…] Quiçab. ha .L. iuſtos en eſta uilla e pues matar los as. E non parçiras allogar por los .L. iuſtos. Por fer eſta coſa uedado ſea ati. de matar el iuſto por el peccador. Nõ ſe juez en toda la tierra q̃ fẏzies eſte iudizio.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2r:

“ […] Perhaps there are fifty righteous in this city and thus you would kill them. Will you not spare the place for the fifty righteous? To do such a thing is far from you; to kill the righteous because of the sinner. I know not of a judge on earth who would make such a judgment”.

Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron and said, “This time I have sinned against you, and the Creator is just, and my people and I are sinners. […] ”

Idem, f. 14v. embio pharaon amoẏſen ⁊ aaron. E dixo les peq̃ eſta uez el criador es iuſto. ⁊ ẏo e mio pueblo ſomos peccadores. […]


Belzebub

Spanish: Belcebú

Borrowed from Latin Beelzebūb, from Ancient Greek Βεελζεβούλ (Beelzeboúl), from Hebrew בעל זבוב (baʿal zvuv, “fly-lord”).

der

Acre ouo nóbre en hebraẏco acron. Alli era la ẏdola q́ auẏe nóbre belzebub deus muſcarum. e dizienle deus muſcarum ço es dios de acre e fue cibdat de los phẏliſteos.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 39v:

Acre had the Hebrew name Ekron. Therein was the idol by the name of Beelzebub, "God of the Flies". And they called it God of the Flies because it was the god of Acre, which was a city of the Philistines.


arçobispado

Spanish: arzobispado

eſta cibdat de tẏri fue arçobiſpado. Alli ẏazẽ muchos mr̃es. e al tẏenpo de los gentiles la cõbatio alexãdre.

This city of Tyre was an archbishopric. Therein lie many martyrs, and in the time of the gentiles it was besieged by Alexander.


Melchysedec

Spanish: Melquisedec

From Late Latin Melchisedech, from Koine Greek Μελχισέδεκ (Melkhisédek), from Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkī-ṣeḏeq).

מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק

Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkī-ṣeḏeq)

Estonz exio melchẏsedec a abraam a la carrera. e bẽdixol. ⁊ dẏxo. Benedicto sea abraam de dẏos el alto. e diol pã ⁊ vino q̃ anos en figura de xp̃s. e abraam a el diol el diezmo. de todo lo q̃ aduzie.

Then Melchizedek sent Abram on his way, and blessed him, and said, “Blessed be Abram of God the [Most] High.” And he gave him bread and wine, which to us is a figure of Christ. And to him Abram gave the tithe of all he had taken.


Abraam

Spanish: Abrahám, Abrahán

Borrowed from Late Latin Ābrahām, from Koine Greek Ἀβρᾱᾱ́μ (Abrāā́m), from Hebrew אַבְרָהָם (aḇrāˈhām).

Hebrew אַבְרָהָם (aḇrāˈhām)

Estonz exio melchẏsedec a abraam a la carrera. e bédixol. ⁊ dẏxo. Benedicto sea abraam de dẏos el alto. e diol pá ⁊ vino q́ anos en figura de xṕs. e abraam a el diol el diezmo. de todo lo q́ aduzie.


Josaphat

Spanish: Josafat

From Late Latin Iōsaphat, from Ancient Greek Ἰωσαφάτ (Iōsaphát), from Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט (Yehōšāp̄āṭ).

Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט (Yehōšāp̄āṭ)

Aplegos el Reẏ […] diſçrael adacab Reẏ đ iħrɫm. e fueron en ſemble e dixo el Reẏ diſrɫ al Reẏ de iħrɫm uaẏamos aramot galaad q̃ es ẏ él Reẏ de ſyria elidiemos é prender loemos. e dixo ioſaphat el Reẏ de iħrɫm ẏo ire cõtigo lo mẏo tuẏo eſ. el mio pueblo tuẏo es. emios cauallos tuẏos.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 41v:

The king […] of Israel approached Ahab, king of Jerusalem. And they came together, and the king of Israel said to the king of Jerusalem, “Let us go to Ramoth-Gilead, for the king of Syria is there, and let us fight and we will capture him.” And Jehoshaphat the king of Jerusalem said, “I will go with you. What is mine is yours. My people are yours, and my horses are yours.”


euangelista

desctree

Spanish: evangelista
→ Tagalog: ebanghelista

From Latin evangelista, from Ancient Greek εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs).

der

εὐαγγελιστής

depues eſt emꝑador domicianus eſilio aſant iuan apoſtol e euangeliſta. euenos ala ẏſla de padmoˢ e cõuertio grãd púeblo.

After this, the emperor Domitian exiled Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist, and he came to the island of Patmos and converted many people.


ysmael

dẏxo iudas aſos ermanos. Veo ẏſmaeles q̃ paſſan. Andat ⁊ uendamos le aeſtos moros q̃ paſſã. E nr̃as manos nõ metamos en el. […]

Judah said to his brothers, “I see Ishmaelites passing by. Come and let us sell him to these moors passing by, and not lay our hands on him. […] ”


Ysmael

Spanish: Ismael

From Late Latin Ismael, from Koine Greek Ἰσμαήλ (Ismaḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׁמָעֵאל (yīšmāʿēʿl, literally “God hears”).

Catarõ ⁊ vierõ vna requa de paganos de los de ẏſmael. E vinien de galaat cõ ſos camellos cargados de mercaduras e ẏuã a egipto

They looked and saw a pagan caravan, of those of Ishmael. And they were coming from Gilead with their camels loaded with goods, and they were headed to Egypt.


Peydro

Sant peẏdro fo ṕdicar en roma. e por occaſiõ de ſimõ magus el encantador. nero el enꝑador fizolo meter en .+. dela cabeça aẏuſo e delos pies aſuſo.

Saint Peter went to Rome to preach, and because of Simon Magus the sorcerer Nero the emperor had him put on a cross with his head down and his feet up.

(biblical, Christianity) Alternative form of Pedro, Peter