is

third-person singular present indicative of wesan


west

second-person present indicative of witan


sin

sīn (canonical)
sīn (infinitive)
em (first-person present singular)
im (first-person present singular)
was (first-person past singular)
art (present second-person singular)
wāri (past second-person singular)
ist (present singular third-person)
is (present singular third-person)
was (past singular third-person)
sind (plural present)
sindun (plural present)
arun (plural present)
wārun (past plural)
sī (first-person present singular)
wāri (first-person past singular)
sīs (present second-person singular)
wāris (past second-person singular)
sī (present singular third-person)
wāri (past singular third-person)
sīn (plural present)
wārin (past plural)
wes (present singular)
wis (present singular)
wesad (plural present)
wesat (plural present)
wesath (plural present)
wesandi (present)
giwesan (past)

Low German: sön, sennen

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.


wet

first-person present indicative of witan

third-person present indicative of witan


kritan

krītan (canonical)
krītan (infinitive)
krītu (first-person present singular)
krēt (first-person past singular)
krītis (present second-person singular)
kriti (past second-person singular)
krītid (present singular third-person)
krēt (past singular third-person)
krītad (plural present)
kritun (past plural)
krīte (first-person present singular)
kriti (first-person past singular)
krītes (present second-person singular)
kritis (past second-person singular)
krīte (present singular third-person)
kriti (past singular third-person)
krīten (plural present)
kritin (past plural)
krīt (present singular)
krītandi (present)
gikritan (past)
kritan (past)

Middle Low German: krīten

Low German: krieten


don

dōn (canonical)
dōn (infinitive)
dōm (first-person present singular)
deda (first-person past singular)
dōs (present second-person singular)
dādi (past second-person singular)
dōd (present singular third-person)
deda (past singular third-person)
dōth (plural present)
dādun (past plural)
dōe (first-person present singular)
dādi (first-person past singular)
dōes (present second-person singular)
dādis (past second-person singular)
dōe (present singular third-person)
dādi (past singular third-person)
dōen (plural present)
dādin (past plural)
dō (present singular)
dōndi (present)
gidōn (past)
dōn (past)

Middle Low German: dôn

Low German: deoen (Paderbornisch), dohn (Münsterländisch); doon

From Proto-West Germanic *dōn. Compare Old English dōn, Old Frisian dwā, dūa, duā, Old Dutch duon, Old High German tuon.

9th c. Heliand, verse 1456

9th c. Heliand, verse 4389-4390

...in the left hand so put he as well the blessed in the right side..

...an thea winistron hand sō duot hē ōk thea sāligon an thea swīđeron half...


stan

stān (canonical)
stān (infinitive)
stā (first-person present singular)
stōd (first-person past singular)
stēs (present second-person singular)
stōdi (past second-person singular)
stēd (present singular third-person)
stōd (past singular third-person)
stād (plural present)
stōdun (past plural)
stāe (first-person present singular)
stōdi (first-person past singular)
stāes (present second-person singular)
stōdis (past second-person singular)
stāe (present singular third-person)
stōdi (past singular third-person)
stāen (plural present)
stōdin (past plural)
stā (present singular)
stāndi (present)
gistandan (past)
standan (past)

Middle Low German: stān

German Low German: stahn

From Proto-West Germanic *stān, from Proto-Germanic *stāną.


sniwan

snīwan (canonical)
snīwan (infinitive)
snīwid (present singular third-person)
snēw (past singular third-person)
snīwe (present singular third-person)
sniwi (past singular third-person)
snīwandi (present)
gisniwan (past)
sniwan (past)

Middle Low German: snîen

Low German: snien

Plautdietsch: schnieen


wagon

wagōn (canonical)
wagon (infinitive)
wagon (first-person present singular)
wagoda (first-person past singular)
wagos (present second-person singular)
wagodes (past second-person singular)
wagod (present singular third-person)
wagoda (past singular third-person)
wagiod (plural present)
wagodun (past plural)
wago (first-person present singular)
wagodi (first-person past singular)
wagodis (past second-person singular)
wago (present singular third-person)
wagodi (past singular third-person)
wagion (plural present)
wagodin (past plural)
wago (present singular)
wagondi (present)
giwagod (past)
wagod (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *wagōn, from Proto-Germanic *wagōną.


motan

mōtan (canonical)
mōtan (infinitive)
mōt (first-person present singular)
mōsta (first-person past singular)
mōst (present second-person singular)
mōstes (past second-person singular)
mōt (present singular third-person)
mōsta (past singular third-person)
mōtun (plural present)
mōstun (past plural)
mōti (first-person present singular)
mōsti (first-person past singular)
mōtis (present second-person singular)
mōstis (past second-person singular)
mōti (present singular third-person)
mōsti (past singular third-person)
mōtin (plural present)
mōstin (past plural)
mōtandi (present)
gimōtan (past)
mōtan (past)

Middle Low German: môten, moste (past)

German Low German: möten

→ Old Swedish: most (late)

Swedish: måste

gern uuas he suīðo that he it thurh ferhtan hugi frummean mōsti

He was really willing that he may accomplish it with wise thoughts (Heliand, verse 93)

than mōtun gi thea fruma ēgan

Then you have to possess the profit (Heliand, verse 1460)


sken

first/third-person past indicative of skinan


akan

akan (infinitive)
aku (first-person present singular)
ōk (first-person past singular)
ekis (present second-person singular)
ōki (past second-person singular)
ekid (present singular third-person)
ōk (past singular third-person)
akad (plural present)
ōkun (past plural)
ake (first-person present singular)
ōki (first-person past singular)
akes (present second-person singular)
ōkis (past second-person singular)
ake (present singular third-person)
ōki (past singular third-person)
aken (plural present)
ōkin (past plural)
ak (present singular)
akandi (present)
giakan (past)
akan (past)

Middle Low German: aken

Low German: aken, äken, achen

From Proto-West Germanic *akan, from Proto-Germanic *akaną.


talon

talōn (canonical)
talon (infinitive)
talon (first-person present singular)
taloda (first-person past singular)
talos (present second-person singular)
talodes (past second-person singular)
talod (present singular third-person)
taloda (past singular third-person)
taliod (plural present)
talodun (past plural)
talo (first-person present singular)
talodi (first-person past singular)
talodis (past second-person singular)
talo (present singular third-person)
talodi (past singular third-person)
talion (plural present)
talodin (past plural)
talo (present singular)
talondi (present)
gitalod (past)
talod (past)

Middle Low German: talen


gan

gān (canonical)
gān (infinitive)
gā (first-person present singular)
gēng (first-person past singular)
gēs (present second-person singular)
gēngi (past second-person singular)
gēd (present singular third-person)
gēng (past singular third-person)
gād (plural present)
gēngun (past plural)
gāe (first-person present singular)
gēngi (first-person past singular)
gāes (present second-person singular)
gēngis (past second-person singular)
gāe (present singular third-person)
gēngi (past singular third-person)
gāen (plural present)
gēngin (past plural)
gā (present singular)
gāndi (present)
gigangan (past)
gangan (past)

Middle Low German: gân

Dutch Low Saxon: gan, gaon

German Low German: gahn

Plautdietsch: gone


hladan

hladan (infinitive)
hladu (first-person present singular)
hlōd (first-person past singular)
hledis (present second-person singular)
hlōdi (past second-person singular)
hledid (present singular third-person)
hlōd (past singular third-person)
hladad (plural present)
hlōdun (past plural)
hlade (first-person present singular)
hlōdi (first-person past singular)
hlades (present second-person singular)
hlōdis (past second-person singular)
hlade (present singular third-person)
hlōdi (past singular third-person)
hladen (plural present)
hlōdin (past plural)
hlad (present singular)
hladandi (present)
gihladan (past)
hladan (past)

Low German: laden


niman

nīman (canonical)
niman (infinitive)
nimu (first-person present singular)
nam (first-person past singular)
nimis (present second-person singular)
nāmi (past second-person singular)
nimid (present singular third-person)
nam (past singular third-person)
nimad (plural present)
nāmun (past plural)
nime (first-person present singular)
nāmi (first-person past singular)
nimes (present second-person singular)
nāmis (past second-person singular)
nime (present singular third-person)
nāmi (past singular third-person)
nimen (plural present)
nāmin (past plural)
nim (present singular)
nimandi (present)
ginuman (past)
numan (past)

desctree

Middle Low German: nemen
Low German: nehmen


bindan

bindan (infinitive)
bindu (first-person present singular)
band (first-person past singular)
bindis (present second-person singular)
bundi (past second-person singular)
bindid (present singular third-person)
band (past singular third-person)
bindad (plural present)
bundun (past plural)
binde (first-person present singular)
bundi (first-person past singular)
bindes (present second-person singular)
bundis (past second-person singular)
binde (present singular third-person)
bundi (past singular third-person)
binden (plural present)
bundin (past plural)
bind (present singular)
bindandi (present)
gibundan (past)
bundan (past)

Middle Low German: binden
Low German: binnen
Plautdietsch: binjen

From Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“bind”).


durran

durran (infinitive)
dar (first-person present singular)
dorsta (first-person past singular)
darst (present second-person singular)
dorstes (past second-person singular)
dar (present singular third-person)
dorsta (past singular third-person)
durrun (plural present)
dorstun (past plural)
durri (first-person present singular)
dorsti (first-person past singular)
durris (present second-person singular)
dorstis (past second-person singular)
durri (present singular third-person)
dorsti (past singular third-person)
durrin (plural present)
dorstin (past plural)
durrandi (present)

Low German: dören

From Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse.

thuo ni dorste Abraham leng drohtin sīnan frāgon

but he didn't dare asking Abraham his Lord (Genesis, verse 243)


helpan

helpan (infinitive)
hilpu (first-person present singular)
halp (first-person past singular)
hilpis (present second-person singular)
hulpi (past second-person singular)
hilpid (present singular third-person)
halp (past singular third-person)
helpad (plural present)
hulpun (past plural)
helpe (first-person present singular)
hulpi (first-person past singular)
helpes (present second-person singular)
hulpis (past second-person singular)
helpe (present singular third-person)
hulpi (past singular third-person)
helpen (plural present)
hulpin (past plural)
help (present singular)
hilpandi (present)
giholpan (past)
holpan (past)

Middle Low German: helpen
German Low German: helpen, hölpen

From Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną.


beran

beran (infinitive)
biru (first-person present singular)
bar (first-person past singular)
biris (present second-person singular)
bāri (past second-person singular)
birid (present singular third-person)
bar (past singular third-person)
berad (plural present)
bārun (past plural)
bere (first-person present singular)
bāri (first-person past singular)
beres (present second-person singular)
bāris (past second-person singular)
bere (present singular third-person)
bāri (past singular third-person)
beren (plural present)
bārin (past plural)
ber (present singular)
birandi (present)
giboran (past)
boran (past)

Middle Low German: beren, baren

German Low German: böhren

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: buar'n

Sauerländisch: ⇒ gebe̗ren

Westmünsterländisch: bohrn

From Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną, whence also Old English beran, Old High German beran, Old Norse bera, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

thena lefna lamon bārun mid is beddiu

(Can we date this quote?), Heliand, verse 2309:

They were bearing the living lame man with his bed


standan

standan (infinitive)
standu (first-person present singular)
stōd (first-person past singular)
stendis (present second-person singular)
stōdi (past second-person singular)
stendid (present singular third-person)
stōd (past singular third-person)
standad (plural present)
stōdun (past plural)
stande (first-person present singular)
stōdi (first-person past singular)
standes (present second-person singular)
stōdis (past second-person singular)
stande (present singular third-person)
stōdi (past singular third-person)
standen (plural present)
stōdin (past plural)
stand (present singular)
standandi (present)
gistandan (past)
standan (past)

Middle Low German: standen, *stenden (attested in imperative stant)

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden

⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden

⇒ Middle Low German: standinge

⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden

⇒ Middle Low German: understanden

⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden

⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden

⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden

From Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną.


unnan

unnan (infinitive)
an (first-person present singular)
onsta (first-person past singular)
anst (present second-person singular)
onstes (past second-person singular)
an (present singular third-person)
onsta (past singular third-person)
unnun (plural present)
onstun (past plural)
unni (first-person present singular)
onsti (first-person past singular)
unnis (present second-person singular)
onstis (past second-person singular)
unni (present singular third-person)
onsti (past singular third-person)
unnin (plural present)
onstin (past plural)
unnandi (present)


bidan

bīdan (canonical)
bīdan (infinitive)
bīdu (first-person present singular)
bēd (first-person past singular)
bīdis (present second-person singular)
bidi (past second-person singular)
bīdid (present singular third-person)
bēd (past singular third-person)
bīdad (plural present)
bidun (past plural)
bīde (first-person present singular)
bidi (first-person past singular)
bīdes (present second-person singular)
bidis (past second-person singular)
bīde (present singular third-person)
bidi (past singular third-person)
bīden (plural present)
bidin (past plural)
bīd (present singular)
bīdandi (present)
gibidan (past)
bidan (past)

Middle Low German: bîden

Low German: bieden


buan

Middle Low German: bûwen

Low German: boen

From Proto-West Germanic *būan, from Proto-Germanic *būaną, whence also Old English būan, Old Norse búa.


wadan

wadan (infinitive)
wadu (first-person present singular)
wōd (first-person past singular)
wedis (present second-person singular)
wōdi (past second-person singular)
wedid (present singular third-person)
wōd (past singular third-person)
wadad (plural present)
wōdun (past plural)
wade (first-person present singular)
wōdi (first-person past singular)
wades (present second-person singular)
wōdis (past second-person singular)
wade (present singular third-person)
wōdi (past singular third-person)
waden (plural present)
wōdin (past plural)
wad (present singular)
wadandi (present)
giwadan (past)
wadan (past)

Low German: waden


witan

head

witan (3 singular present wēt, 3 singular preterite wissa, preterite plural wissun, no past participle)

wissun (plural preterite)
witan (infinitive)
wēt (first-person present singular)
wissa (first-person past singular)
wēst (present second-person singular)
wisses (past second-person singular)
wēt (present singular third-person)
wissa (past singular third-person)
witun (plural present)
wissun (past plural)
witi (first-person present singular)
wissi (first-person past singular)
witis (present second-person singular)
wissis (past second-person singular)
witi (present singular third-person)
wissi (past singular third-person)
witin (plural present)
wissin (past plural)
witandi (present)
giwitan (past)
witan (past)

desctree

Middle Low German: wēten, wetten
German Low German: wetten, wieten

From Proto-West Germanic *witan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde, originally a perfect form of *weyd- (“see”).


witan

wītan (canonical)
witun (plural preterite)
giwitan (participle past)
wītan (infinitive)
wītu (first-person present singular)
wēt (first-person past singular)
wītis (present second-person singular)
witi (past second-person singular)
wītid (present singular third-person)
wēt (past singular third-person)
wītad (plural present)
witun (past plural)
wīte (first-person present singular)
witi (first-person past singular)
wītes (present second-person singular)
witis (past second-person singular)
wīte (present singular third-person)
witi (past singular third-person)
wīten (plural present)
witin (past plural)
wīt (present singular)
wītandi (present)
giwitan (past)
witan (past)


faran

faran (infinitive)
faru (first-person present singular)
fōr (first-person past singular)
feris (present second-person singular)
fōri (past second-person singular)
ferid (present singular third-person)
fōr (past singular third-person)
farad (plural present)
fōrun (past plural)
fare (first-person present singular)
fōri (first-person past singular)
fares (present second-person singular)
fōris (past second-person singular)
fare (present singular third-person)
fōri (past singular third-person)
faren (plural present)
fōrin (past plural)
far (present singular)
farandi (present)
gifaran (past)
faran (past)

Middle Low German: vāren
German Low German: fahren

From Proto-West Germanic *faran, from Proto-Germanic *faraną, whence also Old Dutch faran, Old English faran, Old Frisian fara, Old High German faran, Old Norse fara, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran).


dugan

dugan (infinitive)
dōh (first-person present singular)
dōg (first-person present singular)
dohta (first-person past singular)
dōht (present second-person singular)
dohtes (past second-person singular)
dōh (present singular third-person)
dōg (present singular third-person)
dohta (past singular third-person)
dugun (plural present)
dohtun (past plural)
dugi (first-person present singular)
dohti (first-person past singular)
dugis (present second-person singular)
dohtis (past second-person singular)
dugi (present singular third-person)
dohti (past singular third-person)
dugin (plural present)
dohtin (past plural)
dugandi (present)

Middle Low German: dōgen

Low German: dögen

From Proto-West Germanic *dugan. Cognate with Old English dugan.


bannan

bannan (infinitive)
bannu (first-person present singular)
bēn (first-person past singular)
bennis (present second-person singular)
bēnni (past second-person singular)
bennid (present singular third-person)
bēn (past singular third-person)
bannad (plural present)
bēnnun (past plural)
banne (first-person present singular)
bēnni (first-person past singular)
bannes (present second-person singular)
bēnnis (past second-person singular)
banne (present singular third-person)
bēnni (past singular third-person)
bannen (plural present)
bēnnin (past plural)
bann (present singular)
bannandi (present)
gibannan (past)
bannan (past)

Middle Low German: bannan, *bannen

Low German: bannen

From Proto-West Germanic *bannan (“curse, forbid”).


etan

etan (infinitive)
itu (first-person present singular)
at (first-person past singular)
itis (present second-person singular)
āti (past second-person singular)
itid (present singular third-person)
at (past singular third-person)
etad (plural present)
ātun (past plural)
ete (first-person present singular)
āti (first-person past singular)
etes (present second-person singular)
ātis (past second-person singular)
ete (present singular third-person)
āti (past singular third-person)
eten (plural present)
ātin (past plural)
et (present singular)
itandi (present)
gietan (past)
etan (past)

Middle Low German: ēten

Low German: eten


abelgan

ābelgan (canonical)
abelgan (infinitive)
abilgu (first-person present singular)
abalg (first-person past singular)
abilgis (present second-person singular)
abulgi (past second-person singular)
abilgid (present singular third-person)
abalg (past singular third-person)
abelgad (plural present)
abulgun (past plural)
abelge (first-person present singular)
abulgi (first-person past singular)
abelges (present second-person singular)
abulgis (past second-person singular)
abelge (present singular third-person)
abulgi (past singular third-person)
abelgen (plural present)
abulgin (past plural)
abelg (present singular)
abilgandi (present)
abolgan (past)


fretan

fretan (infinitive)
fritu (first-person present singular)
frat (first-person past singular)
fritis (present second-person singular)
frāti (past second-person singular)
fritid (present singular third-person)
frat (past singular third-person)
fretad (plural present)
frātun (past plural)
frete (first-person present singular)
frāti (first-person past singular)
fretes (present second-person singular)
frātis (past second-person singular)
frete (present singular third-person)
frāti (past singular third-person)
freten (plural present)
frātin (past plural)
fret (present singular)
fritandi (present)
gifretan (past)
fretan (past)

Middle Low German: vrēten

German Low German: freten, friätten

→ Swedish: fräta


slitan

slītan (canonical)
slītan (infinitive)
slītu (first-person present singular)
slēt (first-person past singular)
slītis (present second-person singular)
sliti (past second-person singular)
slītid (present singular third-person)
slēt (past singular third-person)
slītad (plural present)
slitun (past plural)
slīte (first-person present singular)
sliti (first-person past singular)
slītes (present second-person singular)
slitis (past second-person singular)
slīte (present singular third-person)
sliti (past singular third-person)
slīten (plural present)
slitin (past plural)
slīt (present singular)
slītandi (present)
gislitan (past)
slitan (past)

Middle Low German: slîten

German Low German: slieten


winnan

winnan (infinitive)
winnu (first-person present singular)
wan (first-person past singular)
winnis (present second-person singular)
wunni (past second-person singular)
winnid (present singular third-person)
wan (past singular third-person)
winnad (plural present)
wunnun (past plural)
winne (first-person present singular)
wunni (first-person past singular)
winnes (present second-person singular)
wunnis (past second-person singular)
winne (present singular third-person)
wunni (past singular third-person)
winnen (plural present)
wunnin (past plural)
win (present singular)
winnandi (present)
giwunnan (past)
wunnan (past)

Middle Low German: winnen

Low German: winnen

German Low German: winnen

From Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną.


metan

metan (infinitive)
mitu (first-person present singular)
mat (first-person past singular)
mitis (present second-person singular)
māti (past second-person singular)
mitid (present singular third-person)
mat (past singular third-person)
metad (plural present)
mātun (past plural)
mete (first-person present singular)
māti (first-person past singular)
metes (present second-person singular)
mātis (past second-person singular)
mete (present singular third-person)
māti (past singular third-person)
meten (plural present)
mātin (past plural)
met (present singular)
mitandi (present)
gimetan (past)
metan (past)

Low German: meten


findan

findan (infinitive)
findu (first-person present singular)
fand (first-person past singular)
findis (present second-person singular)
fundi (past second-person singular)
findid (present singular third-person)
fand (past singular third-person)
findad (plural present)
fundun (past plural)
finde (first-person present singular)
fundi (first-person past singular)
findes (present second-person singular)
fundis (past second-person singular)
finde (present singular third-person)
fundi (past singular third-person)
finden (plural present)
fundin (past plural)
find (present singular)
findandi (present)
gifundan (past)
fundan (past)

Low German: finnen

From Proto-West Germanic *finþan.
Cognates
Compare Old Dutch findan, Old English findan, Old Frisian finda, Old High German findan, Old Norse finna, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (finþan).


limpan

limpan (infinitive)
limpu (first-person present singular)
lamp (first-person past singular)
limpis (present second-person singular)
lumpi (past second-person singular)
limpid (present singular third-person)
lamp (past singular third-person)
limpad (plural present)
lumpun (past plural)
limpe (first-person present singular)
lumpi (first-person past singular)
limpes (present second-person singular)
lumpis (past second-person singular)
limpe (present singular third-person)
lumpi (past singular third-person)
limpen (plural present)
lumpin (past plural)
limp (present singular)
limpandi (present)
gilumpan (past)
lumpan (past)


ridan

rīdan (canonical)
rīdan (infinitive)
rīdu (first-person present singular)
rēd (first-person past singular)
rīdis (present second-person singular)
ridi (past second-person singular)
rīdid (present singular third-person)
rēd (past singular third-person)
rīdad (plural present)
ridun (past plural)
rīde (first-person present singular)
ridi (first-person past singular)
rīdes (present second-person singular)
ridis (past second-person singular)
rīde (present singular third-person)
ridi (past singular third-person)
rīden (plural present)
ridin (past plural)
rīd (present singular)
rīdandi (present)
giridan (past)
ridan (past)

Middle Low German: rîden

Low German: rieden

From Proto-West Germanic *rīdan, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną.


writan

wrītan (canonical)
writun (plural preterite)
giwritan (participle past)
wrītan (infinitive)
wrītu (first-person present singular)
wrēt (first-person past singular)
wrītis (present second-person singular)
writi (past second-person singular)
wrītid (present singular third-person)
wrēt (past singular third-person)
wrītad (plural present)
writun (past plural)
wrīte (first-person present singular)
writi (first-person past singular)
wrītes (present second-person singular)
writis (past second-person singular)
wrīte (present singular third-person)
writi (past singular third-person)
wrīten (plural present)
writin (past plural)
wrīt (present singular)
wrītandi (present)
giwritan (past)
writan (past)

Low German: rieten, wrieten

From Proto-West Germanic *wrītan, from Proto-Germanic *wrītaną.


sweltan

sweltan (infinitive)
swiltu (first-person present singular)
swalt (first-person past singular)
swiltis (present second-person singular)
swulti (past second-person singular)
swiltid (present singular third-person)
swalt (past singular third-person)
sweltad (plural present)
swultun (past plural)
swelte (first-person present singular)
swulti (first-person past singular)
sweltes (present second-person singular)
swultis (past second-person singular)
swelte (present singular third-person)
swulti (past singular third-person)
swelten (plural present)
swultin (past plural)
swelt (present singular)
swiltandi (present)
giswoltan (past)
swoltan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *sweltan, from Proto-Germanic *sweltaną, whence also Old English sweltan, modern Dutch zwelten.

gisāhun iro barn qualmu sueltan

they saw their child die (Heliand, verse 750)


swerian

swerian (infinitive)
sweru (first-person present singular)
swōr (first-person past singular)
sweris (present second-person singular)
swōri (past second-person singular)
swerid (present singular third-person)
swōr (past singular third-person)
sweriad (plural present)
swōrun (past plural)
swerie (first-person present singular)
swōri (first-person past singular)
sweries (present second-person singular)
swōris (past second-person singular)
swerie (present singular third-person)
swōri (past singular third-person)
swerien (plural present)
swōrin (past plural)
sweri (present singular)
swerandi (present)
gisworan (past)
sworan (past)

Middle Low German: sweren

Low German: swören, sweren

From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”).


wesan

wesan (infinitive)
bium (first-person present singular)
biun (first-person present singular)
bion (first-person present singular)
was (first-person past singular)
bist (present second-person singular)
bis (present second-person singular)
wāri (past second-person singular)
ist (present singular third-person)
is (present singular third-person)
was (past singular third-person)
sind (plural present)
sindun (plural present)
sindon (plural present)
sundon (plural present)
wārun (past plural)
sī (first-person present singular)
wāri (first-person past singular)
sīs (present second-person singular)
wāris (past second-person singular)
sī (present singular third-person)
wese (present singular third-person)
wāri (past singular third-person)
sīn (plural present)
wārin (past plural)
wes (present singular)
wis (present singular)
wesad (plural present)
wesat (plural present)
wesath (plural present)
wesandi (present)
giwesan (past)

desctree

Middle Low German: wēsen
Dutch Low Saxon: waen
German Low German: wesen, ween

From Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-. The forms in b- derive from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, appear”).


bitan

bītan (canonical)
bītan (infinitive)
bītu (first-person present singular)
bēt (first-person past singular)
bītis (present second-person singular)
biti (past second-person singular)
bītid (present singular third-person)
bēt (past singular third-person)
bītad (plural present)
bitun (past plural)
bīte (first-person present singular)
biti (first-person past singular)
bītes (present second-person singular)
bitis (past second-person singular)
bīte (present singular third-person)
biti (past singular third-person)
bīten (plural present)
bitin (past plural)
bīt (present singular)
bītandi (present)
gibitan (past)
bitan (past)

Low German: bieten


bregdan

bregdan (infinitive)
brigdu (first-person present singular)
bragd (first-person past singular)
brigdis (present second-person singular)
brugdi (past second-person singular)
brigdid (present singular third-person)
bragd (past singular third-person)
bregdad (plural present)
brugdun (past plural)
bregde (first-person present singular)
brugdi (first-person past singular)
bregdes (present second-person singular)
brugdis (past second-person singular)
bregde (present singular third-person)
brugdi (past singular third-person)
bregden (plural present)
brugdin (past plural)
bregd (present singular)
brigdandi (present)
gibrogdan (past)
brogdan (past)


dragan

dragan (infinitive)
dragu (first-person present singular)
drōh (first-person past singular)
drōg (first-person past singular)
dregis (present second-person singular)
drōgi (past second-person singular)
dregid (present singular third-person)
drōh (past singular third-person)
drōg (past singular third-person)
dragad (plural present)
drōgun (past plural)
drage (first-person present singular)
drōgi (first-person past singular)
drages (present second-person singular)
drōgis (past second-person singular)
drage (present singular third-person)
drōgi (past singular third-person)
dragen (plural present)
drōgin (past plural)
drag (present singular)
dragandi (present)
gidragan (past)
dragan (past)

Low German: dregen


fulian

fūlian (canonical)
fūlian (infinitive)
fūliu (first-person present singular)
fūlda (first-person past singular)
fūlis (present second-person singular)
fūldes (past second-person singular)
fūlid (present singular third-person)
fūlda (past singular third-person)
fūliad (plural present)
fūldun (past plural)
fūlie (first-person present singular)
fūldi (first-person past singular)
fūlies (present second-person singular)
fūldis (past second-person singular)
fūlie (present singular third-person)
fūldi (past singular third-person)
fūlien (plural present)
fūldin (past plural)
fūli (present singular)
fūliandi (present)
gifūlid (past)
fūlid (past)


glidan

glīdan (canonical)
glīdan (infinitive)
glīdu (first-person present singular)
glēd (first-person past singular)
glīdis (present second-person singular)
glidi (past second-person singular)
glīdid (present singular third-person)
glēd (past singular third-person)
glīdad (plural present)
glidun (past plural)
glīde (first-person present singular)
glidi (first-person past singular)
glīdes (present second-person singular)
glidis (past second-person singular)
glīde (present singular third-person)
glidi (past singular third-person)
glīden (plural present)
glidin (past plural)
glīd (present singular)
glīdandi (present)
giglidan (past)
glidan (past)

Middle Low German: glīden

Low German: glieden

→ Swedish: glida

→ Danish: glide

From Proto-West Germanic *glīdan, from Proto-Germanic *glīdaną (“to glide, slide”).


gripan

grīpan (canonical)
grīpan (infinitive)
grīpu (first-person present singular)
grēp (first-person past singular)
grīpis (present second-person singular)
gripi (past second-person singular)
grīpid (present singular third-person)
grēp (past singular third-person)
grīpad (plural present)
gripun (past plural)
grīpe (first-person present singular)
gripi (first-person past singular)
grīpes (present second-person singular)
gripis (past second-person singular)
grīpe (present singular third-person)
gripi (past singular third-person)
grīpen (plural present)
gripin (past plural)
grīp (present singular)
grīpandi (present)
gigripan (past)
gripan (past)

Middle Low German: grîpen

Low German: griepen

Plautdietsch: jriepen

From Proto-West Germanic *grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.


rinnan

rinnan (infinitive)
rinnu (first-person present singular)
ran (first-person past singular)
rinnis (present second-person singular)
runni (past second-person singular)
rinnid (present singular third-person)
ran (past singular third-person)
rinnad (plural present)
runnun (past plural)
rinne (first-person present singular)
runni (first-person past singular)
rinnes (present second-person singular)
runnis (past second-person singular)
rinne (present singular third-person)
runni (past singular third-person)
rinnen (plural present)
runnin (past plural)
rin (present singular)
rinnandi (present)
girunnan (past)
runnan (past)

Middle Low German: rinnen

Low German:

German Low German: rönnen

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: rinnen

Sauerländisch: rennen

Westmünsterländisch: rennen, rannen

Plautdietsch: ranen


losian

lōsian (canonical)
lōsian (infinitive)
lōsiu (first-person present singular)
lōsta (first-person past singular)
lōsis (present second-person singular)
lōstes (past second-person singular)
lōsid (present singular third-person)
lōsta (past singular third-person)
lōsiad (plural present)
lōstun (past plural)
lōsie (first-person present singular)
lōsti (first-person past singular)
lōsies (present second-person singular)
lōstis (past second-person singular)
lōsie (present singular third-person)
lōsti (past singular third-person)
lōsien (plural present)
lōstin (past plural)
lōsi (present singular)
lōsiandi (present)
gilōsid (past)
lōsid (past)


risan

rīsan (canonical)
rīsan (infinitive)
rīsu (first-person present singular)
rēs (first-person past singular)
rīsis (present second-person singular)
risi (past second-person singular)
rīsid (present singular third-person)
rēs (past singular third-person)
rīsad (plural present)
risun (past plural)
rīse (first-person present singular)
risi (first-person past singular)
rīses (present second-person singular)
risis (past second-person singular)
rīse (present singular third-person)
risi (past singular third-person)
rīsen (plural present)
risin (past plural)
rīs (present singular)
rīsandi (present)
girisan (past)
risan (past)

Low German: risen

From Proto-West Germanic *rīsan, see also Old English rīsan, Old Frisian rīsa, Old High German rīsan, Old Norse rísa.


singan

singan (infinitive)
singu (first-person present singular)
sang (first-person past singular)
singis (present second-person singular)
sungi (past second-person singular)
singid (present singular third-person)
sang (past singular third-person)
singad (plural present)
sungun (past plural)
singe (first-person present singular)
sungi (first-person past singular)
singes (present second-person singular)
sungis (past second-person singular)
singe (present singular third-person)
sungi (past singular third-person)
singen (plural present)
sungin (past plural)
sing (present singular)
singandi (present)
gisungan (past)
sungan (past)

Middle Low German: singen

Low German: singen

Plautdietsch: sinjen

From Proto-West Germanic *singwan, from Proto-Germanic *singwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷʰ-.


smitan

smītan (canonical)
smītan (infinitive)
smītu (first-person present singular)
smēt (first-person past singular)
smītis (present second-person singular)
smiti (past second-person singular)
smītid (present singular third-person)
smēt (past singular third-person)
smītad (plural present)
smitun (past plural)
smīte (first-person present singular)
smiti (first-person past singular)
smītes (present second-person singular)
smitis (past second-person singular)
smīte (present singular third-person)
smiti (past singular third-person)
smīten (plural present)
smitin (past plural)
smīt (present singular)
smītandi (present)
gismitan (past)
smitan (past)

Middle Low German: smiten


spiwan

spīwan (canonical)
spīwan (infinitive)
spīwu (first-person present singular)
spēw (first-person past singular)
spīwis (present second-person singular)
spiwi (past second-person singular)
spīwid (present singular third-person)
spēw (past singular third-person)
spīwad (plural present)
spiwun (past plural)
spīwe (first-person present singular)
spiwi (first-person past singular)
spīwes (present second-person singular)
spiwis (past second-person singular)
spīwe (present singular third-person)
spiwi (past singular third-person)
spīwen (plural present)
spiwin (past plural)
spīw (present singular)
spīwandi (present)
gispiwan (past)
spiwan (past)

desctree

Middle Low German: spîgen, spîen, spiggen
Low German: spiien, speen
Plautdietsch: spieen

9th c. Heliand, verse 5494

...and they spat at him under his eyes,...


springan

springan (infinitive)
springu (first-person present singular)
sprang (first-person past singular)
springis (present second-person singular)
sprungi (past second-person singular)
springid (present singular third-person)
sprang (past singular third-person)
springad (plural present)
sprungun (past plural)
springe (first-person present singular)
sprungi (first-person past singular)
springes (present second-person singular)
sprungis (past second-person singular)
springe (present singular third-person)
sprungi (past singular third-person)
springen (plural present)
sprungin (past plural)
spring (present singular)
springandi (present)
gisprungan (past)
sprungan (past)

Middle Low German: springen

German Low German: springen


stelan

stelan (infinitive)
stilu (first-person present singular)
stal (first-person past singular)
stilis (present second-person singular)
stāli (past second-person singular)
stilid (present singular third-person)
stal (past singular third-person)
stelad (plural present)
stālun (past plural)
stele (first-person present singular)
stāli (first-person past singular)
steles (present second-person singular)
stālis (past second-person singular)
stele (present singular third-person)
stāli (past singular third-person)
stelen (plural present)
stālin (past plural)
stel (present singular)
stilandi (present)
gistolan (past)
stolan (past)

Low German: stehlen

From Proto-West Germanic *stelan. Compare Old English stelan, Old Frisian stela, Old High German stelan, Old Norse stela, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan).


sugan

sūgan (canonical)
sūgan (infinitive)
sūgu (first-person present singular)
sōh (first-person past singular)
sūgis (present second-person singular)
sugi (past second-person singular)
sūgid (present singular third-person)
sōh (past singular third-person)
sūgad (plural present)
sugun (past plural)
sūge (first-person present singular)
sugi (first-person past singular)
sūges (present second-person singular)
sugis (past second-person singular)
sūge (present singular third-person)
sugi (past singular third-person)
sūgen (plural present)
sugin (past plural)
sūg (present singular)
sūgandi (present)
gisogan (past)
sogan (past)

Middle Low German: sugen, sȫgen
Low German: sugen


swimman

swimman (infinitive)
swimmu (first-person present singular)
swam (first-person past singular)
swimmis (present second-person singular)
swummi (past second-person singular)
swimmid (present singular third-person)
swam (past singular third-person)
swimmad (plural present)
swummun (past plural)
swimme (first-person present singular)
swummi (first-person past singular)
swimmes (present second-person singular)
swummis (past second-person singular)
swimme (present singular third-person)
swummi (past singular third-person)
swimmen (plural present)
swummin (past plural)
swim (present singular)
swimmandi (present)
giswumman (past)
swumman (past)

Low German: swimmen, swemmen

From Proto-West Germanic *swimman.
Cognates
Compare Old Dutch *swimman, Old English swimman, Old Frisian swimma, Old High German swimman, Old Norse svimma.


swelgan

swelgan (infinitive)
swilgu (first-person present singular)
swalg (first-person past singular)
swilgis (present second-person singular)
swulgi (past second-person singular)
swilgid (present singular third-person)
swalg (past singular third-person)
swelgad (plural present)
swulgun (past plural)
swelge (first-person present singular)
swulgi (first-person past singular)
swelges (present second-person singular)
swulgis (past second-person singular)
swelge (present singular third-person)
swulgi (past singular third-person)
swelgen (plural present)
swulgin (past plural)
swelg (present singular)
swilgandi (present)
giswolgan (past)
swolgan (past)

From Proto-Germanic *swelganą. Cognate with Old English swelgan, Old Norse svelga.


swingan

swingan (infinitive)
swingu (first-person present singular)
swang (first-person past singular)
swingis (present second-person singular)
swungi (past second-person singular)
swingid (present singular third-person)
swang (past singular third-person)
swingad (plural present)
swungun (past plural)
swinge (first-person present singular)
swungi (first-person past singular)
swinges (present second-person singular)
swungis (past second-person singular)
swinge (present singular third-person)
swungi (past singular third-person)
swingen (plural present)
swungin (past plural)
swing (present singular)
swingandi (present)
giswungan (past)
swungan (past)

Middle Low German: swingen

Low German: swingen

→ Danish: svinge

From Proto-West Germanic *swingan (“to swing”).


teran

teran (infinitive)
tiru (first-person present singular)
tar (first-person past singular)
tiris (present second-person singular)
tāri (past second-person singular)
tirid (present singular third-person)
tar (past singular third-person)
terad (plural present)
tārun (past plural)
tere (first-person present singular)
tāri (first-person past singular)
teres (present second-person singular)
tāris (past second-person singular)
tere (present singular third-person)
tāri (past singular third-person)
teren (plural present)
tārin (past plural)
ter (present singular)
tirandi (present)
gitoran (past)
toran (past)

q

merged with Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*tarjan</i>

Middle Low German: teren (merged with Proto-West Germanic *tarjan)

German Low German: tehren

→ Old Norse: tæra

Danish: tære

Swedish: tära

Norwegian Bokmål: tære

Norwegian Nynorsk: tæra, tære

Icelandic: tæra


willian

willian (infinitive)
williu (first-person present singular)
welda (first-person past singular)
wilt (present second-person singular)
wilis (present second-person singular)
weldes (past second-person singular)
wili (present singular third-person)
wil (present singular third-person)
welda (past singular third-person)
williad (plural present)
weldun (past plural)
willie (first-person present singular)
weldi (first-person past singular)
willies (present second-person singular)
weldis (past second-person singular)
willie (present singular third-person)
weldi (past singular third-person)
willien (plural present)
weldin (past plural)
williandi (present)

Middle Low German: willen, wellen

Low German: wüllen

Genesis, verse 300

what do you want is then, my Lord, to act

huuat uuilis thu is thanna, fro mîn, duoan

Genesis, verse 305

because they would be willing to live on the land

an thiu thie sea an them landæ libbian uueldin

9th c. Heliand, verse 1965

though he would forgive that one of God's men drank water by love

thoh hi thurh minnea godes manno huilicumu uuilleandi fargeƀe uuateres drinkan


windan

windan (infinitive)
windu (first-person present singular)
wand (first-person past singular)
windis (present second-person singular)
wundi (past second-person singular)
windid (present singular third-person)
wand (past singular third-person)
windad (plural present)
wundun (past plural)
winde (first-person present singular)
wundi (first-person past singular)
windes (present second-person singular)
wundis (past second-person singular)
winde (present singular third-person)
wundi (past singular third-person)
winden (plural present)
wundin (past plural)
wind (present singular)
windandi (present)
giwundan (past)
wundan (past)

Low German: winnen

From Proto-Germanic *windaną. Compare Old English windan, ƿindan, Old Frisian winda, Old High German wintan, Old Norse vinda, Gothic *𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*windan).


wringan

wringan (infinitive)
wringu (first-person present singular)
wrang (first-person past singular)
wringis (present second-person singular)
wrungi (past second-person singular)
wringid (present singular third-person)
wrang (past singular third-person)
wringad (plural present)
wrungun (past plural)
wringe (first-person present singular)
wrungi (first-person past singular)
wringes (present second-person singular)
wrungis (past second-person singular)
wringe (present singular third-person)
wrungi (past singular third-person)
wringen (plural present)
wrungin (past plural)
wring (present singular)
wringandi (present)
giwrungan (past)
wrungan (past)


wegan

wegan (infinitive)
wigu (first-person present singular)
wah (first-person past singular)
wigis (present second-person singular)
wāgi (past second-person singular)
wigid (present singular third-person)
wah (past singular third-person)
wegad (plural present)
wāgun (past plural)
wege (first-person present singular)
wāgi (first-person past singular)
weges (present second-person singular)
wāgis (past second-person singular)
wege (present singular third-person)
wāgi (past singular third-person)
wegen (plural present)
wāgin (past plural)
weg (present singular)
wigandi (present)
giwegan (past)
wegan (past)

Middle Low German: wegen, wēgen, weigen

German Low German: wegen

From Proto-West Germanic *wegan, from Proto-Germanic *weganą.


hropan

hrōpan (canonical)
hrōpan (infinitive)
hrōpu (first-person present singular)
hriop (first-person past singular)
hrōpis (present second-person singular)
hriopi (past second-person singular)
hrōpid (present singular third-person)
hriop (past singular third-person)
hrōpad (plural present)
hriopun (past plural)
hrōpe (first-person present singular)
hriopi (first-person past singular)
hrōpes (present second-person singular)
hriopis (past second-person singular)
hrōpe (present singular third-person)
hriopi (past singular third-person)
hrōpen (plural present)
hriopin (past plural)
hrōp (present singular)
hrōpandi (present)
gihrōpan (past)
hrōpan (past)

Heliand, verse 1923-1924

They do not need with so many words to call for help...

Thea ni thurƀun mid wordun sō filu hrōpan te helpu...


dihton

dihton (infinitive)
dihton (first-person present singular)
dihtoda (first-person past singular)
dihtos (present second-person singular)
dihtodes (past second-person singular)
dihtod (present singular third-person)
dihtoda (past singular third-person)
dihtiod (plural present)
dihtodun (past plural)
dihto (first-person present singular)
dihtodi (first-person past singular)
dihtodis (past second-person singular)
dihto (present singular third-person)
dihtodi (past singular third-person)
dihtion (plural present)
dihtodin (past plural)
dihto (present singular)
dihtondi (present)
gidihtod (past)
dihtod (past)

Middle Low German: dichten

Low German: dichten

→ Old Norse: dikta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: dikte

Norwegian Bokmål: dikte, dikta

Swedish: dikta

Danish: digte


biginnan

biginnan (infinitive)
biginnu (first-person present singular)
bigan (first-person past singular)
biginnis (present second-person singular)
bigunni (past second-person singular)
biginnid (present singular third-person)
bigan (past singular third-person)
biginnad (plural present)
bigunnun (past plural)
biginne (first-person present singular)
bigunni (first-person past singular)
biginnes (present second-person singular)
bigunnis (past second-person singular)
biginne (present singular third-person)
bigunni (past singular third-person)
biginnen (plural present)
bigunnin (past plural)
bigin (present singular)
biginnandi (present)
bigunnan (past)

Middle Low German: beginnen

Danish: begynde

Low German: begünnen

Norwegian: begynne

Swedish: begynna

From Proto-West Germanic *biginnan (corresponding to bi- + ginnan), whence also Old High German and Old Dutch biginnan, Old Frisian beginna, and Old English beginnan.


bergan

bergan (infinitive)
birgu (first-person present singular)
barg (first-person past singular)
birgis (present second-person singular)
burgi (past second-person singular)
birgid (present singular third-person)
barg (past singular third-person)
bergad (plural present)
burgun (past plural)
berge (first-person present singular)
burgi (first-person past singular)
berges (present second-person singular)
burgis (past second-person singular)
berge (present singular third-person)
burgi (past singular third-person)
bergen (plural present)
burgin (past plural)
berg (present singular)
birgandi (present)
giborgan (past)
borgan (past)

Low German: bargen


brestan

brestan (infinitive)
bristu (first-person present singular)
brast (first-person past singular)
bristis (present second-person singular)
brusti (past second-person singular)
bristid (present singular third-person)
brast (past singular third-person)
brestad (plural present)
brustun (past plural)
breste (first-person present singular)
brusti (first-person past singular)
brestes (present second-person singular)
brustis (past second-person singular)
breste (present singular third-person)
brusti (past singular third-person)
bresten (plural present)
brustin (past plural)
brest (present singular)
bristandi (present)
brostan (past)

desc

Middle Low German: bersten, barsten, borsten

Low German: basten

From Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną.


bugan

būgan (canonical)
būgan (infinitive)
būgu (first-person present singular)
bōh (first-person past singular)
būgis (present second-person singular)
bugi (past second-person singular)
būgid (present singular third-person)
bōh (past singular third-person)
būgad (plural present)
bugun (past plural)
būge (first-person present singular)
bugi (first-person past singular)
būges (present second-person singular)
bugis (past second-person singular)
būge (present singular third-person)
bugi (past singular third-person)
būgen (plural present)
bugin (past plural)
būg (present singular)
būgandi (present)
gibogan (past)
bogan (past)

Middle Low German: būgen

Low German: bugen


briuwan

briuwan (infinitive)
briuwu (first-person present singular)
brōw (first-person past singular)
briuwis (present second-person singular)
bruwi (past second-person singular)
briuwid (present singular third-person)
brōw (past singular third-person)
briuwad (plural present)
bruwun (past plural)
briuwe (first-person present singular)
bruwi (first-person past singular)
briuwes (present second-person singular)
bruwis (past second-person singular)
briuwe (present singular third-person)
bruwi (past singular third-person)
briuwen (plural present)
bruwin (past plural)
briuw (present singular)
briuwandi (present)
gibrowan (past)
browan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *breuwan, whence also Old English brēowan, Old Norse brugga.


fallan

fallan (infinitive)
fallu (first-person present singular)
fēl (first-person past singular)
fellis (present second-person singular)
fēlli (past second-person singular)
fellid (present singular third-person)
fēl (past singular third-person)
fallad (plural present)
fēllun (past plural)
falle (first-person present singular)
fēlli (first-person past singular)
falles (present second-person singular)
fēllis (past second-person singular)
falle (present singular third-person)
fēlli (past singular third-person)
fallen (plural present)
fēllin (past plural)
fall (present singular)
fallandi (present)
gifallan (past)
fallan (past)

Low German: fallen


fliogan

fliogan (infinitive)
fliugu (first-person present singular)
flōg (first-person past singular)
fliugis (present second-person singular)
flugi (past second-person singular)
fliugid (present singular third-person)
flōg (past singular third-person)
fliogad (plural present)
flugun (past plural)
flioge (first-person present singular)
flugi (first-person past singular)
flioges (present second-person singular)
flugis (past second-person singular)
flioge (present singular third-person)
flugi (past singular third-person)
fliogen (plural present)
flugin (past plural)
fliog (present singular)
fliugandi (present)
giflogan (past)
flogan (past)

Middle Low German: vlêgen

German Low German: flegen

Plautdietsch: fläje

From Proto-West Germanic *fleugan. Compare Old High German and Old Dutch fliogan, Old Frisian fliāga, Old English flēogan, Old Norse fljúga.


fliohan

fliohan (infinitive)
fliuhu (first-person present singular)
flōh (first-person past singular)
fliuhis (present second-person singular)
flugi (past second-person singular)
fliuhid (present singular third-person)
flōh (past singular third-person)
fliohad (plural present)
flugun (past plural)
fliohe (first-person present singular)
flugi (first-person past singular)
fliohes (present second-person singular)
flugis (past second-person singular)
fliohe (present singular third-person)
flugi (past singular third-person)
fliohen (plural present)
flugin (past plural)
flioh (present singular)
fliuhandi (present)
giflogan (past)
flogan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *fleuhan, from Proto-Germanic *fleuhaną, whence also Old High German fliohan, Old English flēon, Old Norse flýja.


fehtan

fehtan (infinitive)
fihtu (first-person present singular)
faht (first-person past singular)
fihtis (present second-person singular)
fuhti (past second-person singular)
fihtid (present singular third-person)
faht (past singular third-person)
fehtad (plural present)
fuhtun (past plural)
fehte (first-person present singular)
fuhti (first-person past singular)
fehtes (present second-person singular)
fuhtis (past second-person singular)
fehte (present singular third-person)
fuhti (past singular third-person)
fehten (plural present)
fuhtin (past plural)
feht (present singular)
fihtandi (present)
gifohtan (past)
fohtan (past)

desctree

Middle Low German: vechten
Low German: fechten
→ Danish: fægte
→ Norwegian: fekte
→ Saterland Frisian: fächtje
→ Swedish: fäkta

From Proto-West Germanic *fehtan, from Proto-Germanic *fehtaną.


giberan

giberan (infinitive)
gibiru (first-person present singular)
gibar (first-person past singular)
gibiris (present second-person singular)
gibāri (past second-person singular)
gibirid (present singular third-person)
gibar (past singular third-person)
giberad (plural present)
gibārun (past plural)
gibere (first-person present singular)
gibāri (first-person past singular)
giberes (present second-person singular)
gibāris (past second-person singular)
gibere (present singular third-person)
gibāri (past singular third-person)
giberen (plural present)
gibārin (past plural)
giber (present singular)
gibirandi (present)
giboran (past)

From Proto-Germanic *gaberaną (“to bear; deliver”), equivalent to gi- + beran. Cognate with Old English ġeberan (“to bring forth; produce”), Old High German giberan (“to bring forth; beget; produce”).


jagon

jagōn (canonical)
jagon (infinitive)
jagon (first-person present singular)
jagoda (first-person past singular)
jagos (present second-person singular)
jagodes (past second-person singular)
jagod (present singular third-person)
jagoda (past singular third-person)
jagiod (plural present)
jagodun (past plural)
jago (first-person present singular)
jagodi (first-person past singular)
jagodis (past second-person singular)
jago (present singular third-person)
jagodi (past singular third-person)
jagion (plural present)
jagodin (past plural)
jago (present singular)
jagondi (present)
gijagod (past)
jagod (past)

desctree

Middle Low German: jāgen
Low German: jagen, jogen
German Low German: jagen
→ Old Norse: jaga
Faroese: jaga
Old Danish: jæge
Danish: jage
Swedish: jaga
Norwegian Bokmål: jage
Norwegian Nynorsk: jaga, jage
Gutnish: jage, jaga, jag'
→ Middle English: *yagen, *yawen
>? English: yaw
Scots: yaag
⇒ Scots: yaggle


slahan

slahan (infinitive)
slahu (first-person present singular)
slōg (first-person past singular)
slehis (present second-person singular)
slōgi (past second-person singular)
slehid (present singular third-person)
slōg (past singular third-person)
slahad (plural present)
slōgun (past plural)
slahe (first-person present singular)
slōgi (first-person past singular)
slahes (present second-person singular)
slōgis (past second-person singular)
slahe (present singular third-person)
slōgi (past singular third-person)
slahen (plural present)
slōgin (past plural)
slah (present singular)
slahandi (present)
gislagan (past)
slagan (past)

Middle Low German: slān

Low German: slaan

German Low German: slaan

From Proto-West Germanic *slahan.
Cognate with Old English slēan, Old Frisian slā, Old High German slahan, Old Norse slá, Gothic 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (slahan).


gravan

gravan (infinitive)
gravu (first-person present singular)
grōf (first-person past singular)
grevis (present second-person singular)
grōvi (past second-person singular)
grevid (present singular third-person)
grōf (past singular third-person)
gravad (plural present)
grōvun (past plural)
grave (first-person present singular)
grōvi (first-person past singular)
graves (present second-person singular)
grōvis (past second-person singular)
grave (present singular third-person)
grōvi (past singular third-person)
graven (plural present)
grōvin (past plural)
graf (present singular)
gravandi (present)
gigravan (past)
gravan (past)

Middle Low German: graven, grāven

German Low German: graven

→ West Frisian: grave


latan

lātan (canonical)
lātan (infinitive)
lātu (first-person present singular)
lēt (first-person past singular)
lātis (present second-person singular)
lēti (past second-person singular)
lātid (present singular third-person)
lēt (past singular third-person)
lātad (plural present)
lētun (past plural)
lāte (first-person present singular)
lēti (first-person past singular)
lātes (present second-person singular)
lētis (past second-person singular)
lāte (present singular third-person)
lēti (past singular third-person)
lāten (plural present)
lētin (past plural)
lāt (present singular)
lātandi (present)
gilātan (past)
lātan (past)

Middle Low German: lāten

German Low German: laten, låten


riman

rīman (canonical)
rīman (infinitive)
rīmu (first-person present singular)
rēm (first-person past singular)
rīmis (present second-person singular)
rimi (past second-person singular)
rīmid (present singular third-person)
rēm (past singular third-person)
rīmad (plural present)
rimun (past plural)
rīme (first-person present singular)
rimi (first-person past singular)
rīmes (present second-person singular)
rimis (past second-person singular)
rīme (present singular third-person)
rimi (past singular third-person)
rīmen (plural present)
rimin (past plural)
rīm (present singular)
rīmandi (present)
giriman (past)
riman (past)

Middle Low German: rīmen

Low German: riemen


derian

derian (infinitive)
deriu (first-person present singular)
derda (first-person past singular)
deris (present second-person singular)
derdes (past second-person singular)
derid (present singular third-person)
derda (past singular third-person)
deriad (plural present)
derdun (past plural)
derie (first-person present singular)
derdi (first-person past singular)
deries (present second-person singular)
derdis (past second-person singular)
derie (present singular third-person)
derdi (past singular third-person)
derien (plural present)
derdin (past plural)
deri (present singular)
deriandi (present)
giderid (past)
derid (past)


kunnan

kunnan (infinitive)
kan (first-person present singular)
konsta (first-person past singular)
kanst (present second-person singular)
konstes (past second-person singular)
kan (present singular third-person)
konsta (past singular third-person)
kunnun (plural present)
konstun (past plural)
kunni (first-person present singular)
konsti (first-person past singular)
kunnis (present second-person singular)
konstis (past second-person singular)
kunni (present singular third-person)
konsti (past singular third-person)
kunnin (plural present)
konstin (past plural)
kunnandi (present)
gikūth (past)
kūth (past)

desc

Middle Low German: künnen, kynnen, kunnen, konnen, können, kȫnen, konen

Low German: könen

Plautdietsch: kjanen

ēn gifrōdot man the sō filo consta uuīsaro uuordo

A good man who knew so many wise words (Heliand, verse 208)

Sie ni cunnun ēnig feho uuinnan: They don't know how to win any good.


stigan

stīgan (canonical)
stīgan (infinitive)
stīgu (first-person present singular)
stēh (first-person past singular)
stēg (first-person past singular)
stīgis (present second-person singular)
stigi (past second-person singular)
stīgid (present singular third-person)
stēh (past singular third-person)
stēg (past singular third-person)
stīgad (plural present)
stigun (past plural)
stīge (first-person present singular)
stigi (first-person past singular)
stīges (present second-person singular)
stigis (past second-person singular)
stīge (present singular third-person)
stigi (past singular third-person)
stīgen (plural present)
stigin (past plural)
stīg (present singular)
stīgandi (present)
gistigan (past)
stigan (past)

Low German: stiegen


skal

first-person present indicative of skulan

third-person present indicative of skulan


skalt

second-person present indicative of skulan


sigan

sīgan (canonical)
sīgan (infinitive)
sīgu (first-person present singular)
sēg (first-person past singular)
sēh (first-person past singular)
sīgis (present second-person singular)
sigi (past second-person singular)
sīgid (present singular third-person)
sēg (past singular third-person)
sēh (past singular third-person)
sīgad (plural present)
sigun (past plural)
sīge (first-person present singular)
sigi (first-person past singular)
sīges (present second-person singular)
sigis (past second-person singular)
sīge (present singular third-person)
sigi (past singular third-person)
sīgen (plural present)
sigin (past plural)
sīg (present singular)
sīgandi (present)
gisigan (past)
sigan (past)


ferian

ferian (infinitive)
feriu (first-person present singular)
ferda (first-person past singular)
feris (present second-person singular)
ferdes (past second-person singular)
ferid (present singular third-person)
ferda (past singular third-person)
feriad (plural present)
ferdun (past plural)
ferie (first-person present singular)
ferdi (first-person past singular)
feries (present second-person singular)
ferdis (past second-person singular)
ferie (present singular third-person)
ferdi (past singular third-person)
ferien (plural present)
ferdin (past plural)
feri (present singular)
feriandi (present)
giferid (past)
ferid (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *farjan, from Proto-Germanic *farjaną. Cognate with Old English ferian, Old Norse erja, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (farjan).


lihan

līhan (canonical)
līhan (infinitive)
līhu (first-person present singular)
lēh (first-person past singular)
līhis (present second-person singular)
lihi (past second-person singular)
līhid (present singular third-person)
lēh (past singular third-person)
līhad (plural present)
lihun (past plural)
līhe (first-person present singular)
lihi (first-person past singular)
līhes (present second-person singular)
lihis (past second-person singular)
līhe (present singular third-person)
lihi (past singular third-person)
līhen (plural present)
lihin (past plural)
līh (present singular)
līhandi (present)
gilihan (past)
lihan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *līhwan. Cognate with Old High German lihan (German leihen).


radan

rādan (canonical)
rādan (infinitive)
rādu (first-person present singular)
rēd (first-person past singular)
rādis (present second-person singular)
rēdi (past second-person singular)
rādid (present singular third-person)
rēd (past singular third-person)
rādad (plural present)
rēdun (past plural)
rāde (first-person present singular)
rēdi (first-person past singular)
rādes (present second-person singular)
rēdis (past second-person singular)
rāde (present singular third-person)
rēdi (past singular third-person)
rāden (plural present)
rēdin (past plural)
rād (present singular)
rādandi (present)
girādan (past)
rādan (past)

Low German: raden

From Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise”).


eron

ēron (canonical)
ēron (infinitive)
ēron (first-person present singular)
ēroda (first-person past singular)
ēros (present second-person singular)
ērodes (past second-person singular)
ērod (present singular third-person)
ēroda (past singular third-person)
ēriod (plural present)
ērodun (past plural)
ēro (first-person present singular)
ērodi (first-person past singular)
ērodis (past second-person singular)
ēro (present singular third-person)
ērodi (past singular third-person)
ērion (plural present)
ērodin (past plural)
ēro (present singular)
ērondi (present)
giērod (past)
ērod (past)


kinan

kīnan (canonical)
kīnan (infinitive)
kīnu (first-person present singular)
kēn (first-person past singular)
kīnis (present second-person singular)
kini (past second-person singular)
kīnid (present singular third-person)
kēn (past singular third-person)
kīnad (plural present)
kinun (past plural)
kīne (first-person present singular)
kini (first-person past singular)
kīnes (present second-person singular)
kinis (past second-person singular)
kīne (present singular third-person)
kini (past singular third-person)
kīnen (plural present)
kinin (past plural)
kīn (present singular)
kīnandi (present)
gikinan (past)
kinan (past)

From Proto-Germanic *kīnaną, whence also Old English cīnan and Old High German chīnan.


munan

munan (infinitive)
man (first-person present singular)
munsta (first-person past singular)
manst (present second-person singular)
munstes (past second-person singular)
man (present singular third-person)
munsta (past singular third-person)
munun (plural present)
munstun (past plural)
muni (first-person present singular)
munsti (first-person past singular)
munis (present second-person singular)
munstis (past second-person singular)
muni (present singular third-person)
munsti (past singular third-person)
munin (plural present)
munstin (past plural)
munandi (present)

From Proto-Germanic *munaną. Cognate with Old English gemunan. See also farmunan.


armon

armōn (canonical)
armon (infinitive)
armon (first-person present singular)
armoda (first-person past singular)
armos (present second-person singular)
armodes (past second-person singular)
armod (present singular third-person)
armoda (past singular third-person)
armiod (plural present)
armodun (past plural)
armo (first-person present singular)
armodi (first-person past singular)
armodis (past second-person singular)
armo (present singular third-person)
armodi (past singular third-person)
armion (plural present)
armodin (past plural)
armo (present singular)
armondi (present)
giarmod (past)
armod (past)


rukan

rūkan (canonical)
rūkan (infinitive)
rūku (first-person present singular)
rōk (first-person past singular)
rūkis (present second-person singular)
ruki (past second-person singular)
rūkid (present singular third-person)
rōk (past singular third-person)
rūkad (plural present)
rukun (past plural)
rūke (first-person present singular)
ruki (first-person past singular)
rūkes (present second-person singular)
rukis (past second-person singular)
rūke (present singular third-person)
ruki (past singular third-person)
rūken (plural present)
rukin (past plural)
rūk (present singular)
rūkandi (present)
girokan (past)
rokan (past)

Middle Low German: ruken

Low German: rüken

→ West Frisian: rûke

From Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.


sakan

sakan (infinitive)
saku (first-person present singular)
sōk (first-person past singular)
sekis (present second-person singular)
sōki (past second-person singular)
sekid (present singular third-person)
sōk (past singular third-person)
sakad (plural present)
sōkun (past plural)
sake (first-person present singular)
sōki (first-person past singular)
sakes (present second-person singular)
sōkis (past second-person singular)
sake (present singular third-person)
sōki (past singular third-person)
saken (plural present)
sōkin (past plural)
sak (present singular)
sakandi (present)
gisakan (past)
sakan (past)

Low German: saken

From Proto-West Germanic *sakan, from Proto-Germanic *sakaną. Cognate with Old English sacan.


halon

halōn (canonical)
halon (infinitive)
halon (first-person present singular)
haloda (first-person past singular)
halos (present second-person singular)
halodes (past second-person singular)
halod (present singular third-person)
haloda (past singular third-person)
haliod (plural present)
halodun (past plural)
halo (first-person present singular)
halodi (first-person past singular)
halodis (past second-person singular)
halo (present singular third-person)
halodi (past singular third-person)
halion (plural present)
halodin (past plural)
halo (present singular)
halondi (present)
gihalod (past)
halod (past)

Middle Low German: hālen

Low German: halen

From Proto-Germanic *halōną. Cognate to Middle Dutch halen.


kervan

kervan (infinitive)
kirvu (first-person present singular)
karf (first-person past singular)
kirvis (present second-person singular)
kurvi (past second-person singular)
kirvid (present singular third-person)
karf (past singular third-person)
kervad (plural present)
kurvun (past plural)
kerve (first-person present singular)
kurvi (first-person past singular)
kerves (present second-person singular)
kurvis (past second-person singular)
kerve (present singular third-person)
kurvi (past singular third-person)
kerven (plural present)
kurvin (past plural)
kerf (present singular)
kirvandi (present)
gikorvan (past)
korvan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *kerban, whence also Old English ċeorfan, Old Frisian kerva, Old High German kerban.


helan

helan (infinitive)
hilu (first-person present singular)
hal (first-person past singular)
hilis (present second-person singular)
hāli (past second-person singular)
hilid (present singular third-person)
hal (past singular third-person)
helad (plural present)
hālun (past plural)
hele (first-person present singular)
hāli (first-person past singular)
heles (present second-person singular)
hālis (past second-person singular)
hele (present singular third-person)
hāli (past singular third-person)
helen (plural present)
hālin (past plural)
hel (present singular)
hilandi (present)
giholan (past)
holan (past)


flitan

flītan (canonical)
flītan (infinitive)
flītu (first-person present singular)
flēt (first-person past singular)
flītis (present second-person singular)
fliti (past second-person singular)
flītid (present singular third-person)
flēt (past singular third-person)
flītad (plural present)
flitun (past plural)
flīte (first-person present singular)
fliti (first-person past singular)
flītes (present second-person singular)
flitis (past second-person singular)
flīte (present singular third-person)
fliti (past singular third-person)
flīten (plural present)
flitin (past plural)
flīt (present singular)
flītandi (present)
giflitan (past)
flitan (past)

Middle Low German: vlîten

German Low German: flieten


malan

Middle Low German: malen

Low German: mahlen

From Proto-West Germanic *malan, from Proto-Germanic *malaną.


runon

rūnon (infinitive)
rūnon (first-person present singular)
rūnoda (first-person past singular)
rūnos (present second-person singular)
rūnodes (past second-person singular)
rūnod (present singular third-person)
rūnoda (past singular third-person)
rūniod (plural present)
rūnodun (past plural)
rūno (first-person present singular)
rūnodi (first-person past singular)
rūnodis (past second-person singular)
rūno (present singular third-person)
rūnodi (past singular third-person)
rūnion (plural present)
rūnodin (past plural)
rūno (present singular)
rūnondi (present)
rūnod (past)


nerian

nerian (infinitive)
neriu (first-person present singular)
nerida (first-person past singular)
neris (present second-person singular)
nerides (past second-person singular)
nerid (present singular third-person)
nerida (past singular third-person)
neriad (plural present)
neridun (past plural)
nerie (first-person present singular)
neridi (first-person past singular)
neries (present second-person singular)
neridis (past second-person singular)
nerie (present singular third-person)
neridi (past singular third-person)
nerien (plural present)
neridin (past plural)
neri (present singular)
neriandi (present)
ginerid (past)
nerid (past)

Middle Low German: nēren

Low German: nähren

From Proto-West Germanic *naʀjan. Cognate with Old English nerian, modern Dutch (ge)neren.

that kind uueldi nerean af ther nōdi

the child wanted to save himself from need. (Heliand, verse 2102)


nis

Compare a similar contraction in Old English, where it applied to the whole conjugation of wesan and thus created the verb nesan. Such contractions with a verb and the negative part *ne are frequently encountered in ancient Germanic languages, compare Old Saxon nitan, newitan (“to not know”) (from ne + witan), Old English nabban (“to not have”) (from ne + habban), nillan (“to not want”) (from ne + willan) and nesan (“to not be”) (ne + wesan).

, Heliand, verse 3935

wonders of this world: it is not the angriest deed

uundres an thesaru uueroldi: nis that uureðaro dad


bradan

brādan (canonical)
brādan (infinitive)
brādu (first-person present singular)
brēd (first-person past singular)
brādis (present second-person singular)
brēdi (past second-person singular)
brādid (present singular third-person)
brēd (past singular third-person)
brādad (plural present)
brēdun (past plural)
brāde (first-person present singular)
brēdi (first-person past singular)
brādes (present second-person singular)
brēdis (past second-person singular)
brāde (present singular third-person)
brēdi (past singular third-person)
brāden (plural present)
brēdin (past plural)
brād (present singular)
brādandi (present)
gibrādan (past)
brādan (past)

From Proto-Germanic *brēdaną (“to warm”).


tredan

tredan (infinitive)
tridu (first-person present singular)
trad (first-person past singular)
tridis (present second-person singular)
trādi (past second-person singular)
tridid (present singular third-person)
trad (past singular third-person)
tredad (plural present)
trādun (past plural)
trede (first-person present singular)
trādi (first-person past singular)
tredes (present second-person singular)
trādis (past second-person singular)
trede (present singular third-person)
trādi (past singular third-person)
treden (plural present)
trādin (past plural)
tred (present singular)
tridandi (present)
gitredan (past)
tredan (past)

Middle Low German: treden

Danish: træde

Low German: treden

Swedish: träda

From Proto-West Germanic *tredan, from Proto-Germanic *trudaną.


dwinan

dwīnan (canonical)
dwīnan (infinitive)
dwīnu (first-person present singular)
dwēn (first-person past singular)
dwīnis (present second-person singular)
dwini (past second-person singular)
dwīnid (present singular third-person)
dwēn (past singular third-person)
dwīnad (plural present)
dwinun (past plural)
dwīne (first-person present singular)
dwini (first-person past singular)
dwīnes (present second-person singular)
dwinis (past second-person singular)
dwīne (present singular third-person)
dwini (past singular third-person)
dwīnen (plural present)
dwinin (past plural)
dwīn (present singular)
dwīnandi (present)
gidwinan (past)
dwinan (past)

Middle Low German: dwīnen

Low German: dwienen, verdwienen

From Proto-Germanic *dwīnaną, whence also Old English dwīnan (English dwine), Old Dutch *dwīnan (Dutch dwijnen, verdwijnen), Old Norse dvína.


blasan

blāsan (canonical)
blāsan (infinitive)
blāsu (first-person present singular)
blēs (first-person past singular)
blāsis (present second-person singular)
blēsi (past second-person singular)
blāsid (present singular third-person)
blēs (past singular third-person)
blāsad (plural present)
blēsun (past plural)
blāse (first-person present singular)
blēsi (first-person past singular)
blāses (present second-person singular)
blēsis (past second-person singular)
blāse (present singular third-person)
blēsi (past singular third-person)
blāsen (plural present)
blēsin (past plural)
blās (present singular)
blāsandi (present)
giblāsan (past)
blāsan (past)


saian

sāian (canonical)
sāian (infinitive)
sāiu (first-person present singular)
sēw (first-person past singular)
sāis (present second-person singular)
sēwi (past second-person singular)
sāid (present singular third-person)
sēw (past singular third-person)
sāiad (plural present)
sēwun (past plural)
sāie (first-person present singular)
sēwi (first-person past singular)
sāies (present second-person singular)
sēwis (past second-person singular)
sāie (present singular third-person)
sēwi (past singular third-person)
sāien (plural present)
sēwin (past plural)
sāi (present singular)
sāiandi (present)
gisāian (past)
sāian (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *sāan (“to sow”).


galan

galan (infinitive)
galu (first-person present singular)
gōl (first-person past singular)
gelis (present second-person singular)
gōli (past second-person singular)
gelid (present singular third-person)
gōl (past singular third-person)
galad (plural present)
gōlun (past plural)
gale (first-person present singular)
gōli (first-person past singular)
gales (present second-person singular)
gōlis (past second-person singular)
gale (present singular third-person)
gōli (past singular third-person)
galen (plural present)
gōlin (past plural)
gal (present singular)
galandi (present)
gigalan (past)
galan (past)


spurnan

spūrnan (infinitive)
spūrnu (first-person present singular)
spōrn (first-person past singular)
spūrnis (present second-person singular)
spurni (past second-person singular)
spūrnid (present singular third-person)
spōrn (past singular third-person)
spūrnad (plural present)
spurnun (past plural)
spūrne (first-person present singular)
spurni (first-person past singular)
spūrnes (present second-person singular)
spurnis (past second-person singular)
spūrne (present singular third-person)
spurni (past singular third-person)
spūrnen (plural present)
spurnin (past plural)
spūrn (present singular)
spūrnandi (present)
gispornan (past)
spornan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *spurnan, from Proto-Germanic *spurnaną (“to kick”).


nemnian

nemnian (infinitive)
nemniu (first-person present singular)
nemnida (first-person past singular)
nemnis (present second-person singular)
nemnides (past second-person singular)
nemnid (present singular third-person)
nemnida (past singular third-person)
nemniad (plural present)
nemnidun (past plural)
nemnie (first-person present singular)
nemnidi (first-person past singular)
nemnies (present second-person singular)
nemnidis (past second-person singular)
nemnie (present singular third-person)
nemnidi (past singular third-person)
nemnien (plural present)
nemnidin (past plural)
nemni (present singular)
nemniandi (present)
ginemnid (past)
nemnid (past)


kunnon

kunnon (infinitive)
kunnon (first-person present singular)
kunnoda (first-person past singular)
kunnos (present second-person singular)
kunnodes (past second-person singular)
kunnod (present singular third-person)
kunnoda (past singular third-person)
kunniod (plural present)
kunnodun (past plural)
kunno (first-person present singular)
kunnodi (first-person past singular)
kunnodis (past second-person singular)
kunno (present singular third-person)
kunnodi (past singular third-person)
kunnion (plural present)
kunnodin (past plural)
kunno (present singular)
kunnondi (present)
gikunnod (past)
kunnod (past)

From Proto-Germanic *kunnōną, akin to Old English cunnian.


okan

ōkan (canonical)
ōkan (infinitive)
ōku (first-person present singular)
iok (first-person past singular)
ōkis (present second-person singular)
ioki (past second-person singular)
ōkid (present singular third-person)
iok (past singular third-person)
ōkad (plural present)
iokun (past plural)
ōke (first-person present singular)
ioki (first-person past singular)
ōkes (present second-person singular)
iokis (past second-person singular)
ōke (present singular third-person)
ioki (past singular third-person)
ōken (plural present)
iokin (past plural)
ōk (present singular)
ōkandi (present)
giōkan (past)
ōkan (past)

From Proto-Germanic *aukaną. Cognate with Old Frisian āka, Old English eacan, Old Norse auka, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (aukan). From the same Indo-European source as Latin augere, Greek αυχειν (afchein).


ilian

īlian (infinitive)
īliu (first-person present singular)
īlda (first-person past singular)
īlis (present second-person singular)
īldes (past second-person singular)
īlid (present singular third-person)
īlda (past singular third-person)
īliad (plural present)
īldun (past plural)
īlie (first-person present singular)
īldi (first-person past singular)
īlies (present second-person singular)
īldis (past second-person singular)
īlie (present singular third-person)
īldi (past singular third-person)
īlien (plural present)
īldin (past plural)
īli (present singular)
īliandi (present)
giīlid (past)
īlid (past)

Low German: ielen


fragon

frāgon (canonical)
fragon (infinitive)
fragon (first-person present singular)
fragoda (first-person past singular)
fragos (present second-person singular)
fragodes (past second-person singular)
fragod (present singular third-person)
fragoda (past singular third-person)
fragiod (plural present)
fragodun (past plural)
frago (first-person present singular)
fragodi (first-person past singular)
fragodis (past second-person singular)
frago (present singular third-person)
fragodi (past singular third-person)
fragion (plural present)
fragodin (past plural)
frago (present singular)
fragondi (present)
gifragod (past)
fragod (past)


fundon

fundon (infinitive)
fundon (first-person present singular)
fundoda (first-person past singular)
fundos (present second-person singular)
fundodes (past second-person singular)
fundod (present singular third-person)
fundoda (past singular third-person)
fundiod (plural present)
fundodun (past plural)
fundo (first-person present singular)
fundodi (first-person past singular)
fundodis (past second-person singular)
fundo (present singular third-person)
fundodi (past singular third-person)
fundion (plural present)
fundodin (past plural)
fundo (present singular)
fundondi (present)
gifundod (past)
fundod (past)


formon

formon (infinitive)
formon (first-person present singular)
formoda (first-person past singular)
formos (present second-person singular)
formodes (past second-person singular)
formod (present singular third-person)
formoda (past singular third-person)
formiod (plural present)
formodun (past plural)
formo (first-person present singular)
formodi (first-person past singular)
formodis (past second-person singular)
formo (present singular third-person)
formodi (past singular third-person)
formion (plural present)
formodin (past plural)
formo (present singular)
formondi (present)
giformod (past)
formod (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *fermōn, from Proto-Germanic *fermōną.


drepan

drepan (infinitive)
dripu (first-person present singular)
drap (first-person past singular)
dripis (present second-person singular)
drāpi (past second-person singular)
dripid (present singular third-person)
drap (past singular third-person)
drepad (plural present)
drāpun (past plural)
drepe (first-person present singular)
drāpi (first-person past singular)
drepes (present second-person singular)
drāpis (past second-person singular)
drepe (present singular third-person)
drāpi (past singular third-person)
drepen (plural present)
drāpin (past plural)
drep (present singular)
dripandi (present)
gidrepan (past)
drepan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *drepan, from Proto-Germanic *drepaną (“to beat, hit, strike, kill”).


lokon

head

lōkōn (singular preterite lōkoda, past participle gilōkod)

lōkōn (canonical)
lōkoda (preterite singular)
gilōkod (participle past)
lōkon (infinitive)
lōkon (first-person present singular)
lōkoda (first-person past singular)
lōkos (present second-person singular)
lōkodes (past second-person singular)
lōkod (present singular third-person)
lōkoda (past singular third-person)
lōkiod (plural present)
lōkodun (past plural)
lōko (first-person present singular)
lōkodi (first-person past singular)
lōkodis (past second-person singular)
lōko (present singular third-person)
lōkodi (past singular third-person)
lōkion (plural present)
lōkodin (past plural)
lōko (present singular)
lōkondi (present)
gilōkod (past)
lōkod (past)

Middle Low German: *lö̂ken

Low German: löken

that he muosta sea mið is ogum an luokoian

that he had to look at her with his own eyes (Genesis)


drivan

drīvan (canonical)
drīvan (infinitive)
drīvu (first-person present singular)
drēf (first-person past singular)
drīvis (present second-person singular)
drivi (past second-person singular)
drīvid (present singular third-person)
drēf (past singular third-person)
drīvad (plural present)
drivun (past plural)
drīve (first-person present singular)
drivi (first-person past singular)
drīves (present second-person singular)
drivis (past second-person singular)
drīve (present singular third-person)
drivi (past singular third-person)
drīven (plural present)
drivin (past plural)
drīf (present singular)
drīvandi (present)
gidrivan (past)
drivan (past)

Middle Low German: driven

Low German: drieven

From Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną.


belgan

belgan (infinitive)
bilgu (first-person present singular)
balg (first-person past singular)
bilgis (present second-person singular)
bulgi (past second-person singular)
bilgid (present singular third-person)
balg (past singular third-person)
belgad (plural present)
bulgun (past plural)
belge (first-person present singular)
bulgi (first-person past singular)
belges (present second-person singular)
bulgis (past second-person singular)
belge (present singular third-person)
bulgi (past singular third-person)
belgen (plural present)
bulgin (past plural)
belg (present singular)
bilgandi (present)
gibolgan (past)
bolgan (past)

Middle Low German: belgen

Low German: belgen


markon

markon (infinitive)
markon (first-person present singular)
markoda (first-person past singular)
markos (present second-person singular)
markodes (past second-person singular)
markod (present singular third-person)
markoda (past singular third-person)
markiod (plural present)
markodun (past plural)
marko (first-person present singular)
markodi (first-person past singular)
markodis (past second-person singular)
marko (present singular third-person)
markodi (past singular third-person)
markion (plural present)
markodin (past plural)
marko (present singular)
markondi (present)
gimarkod (past)
markod (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *markōn, from Proto-Germanic *markōną, from *markō (“a mark”).


fregnan

fregnan (infinitive)
frignu (first-person present singular)
fragn (first-person past singular)
frignis (present second-person singular)
frugni (past second-person singular)
frignid (present singular third-person)
fragn (past singular third-person)
fregnad (plural present)
frugnun (past plural)
fregne (first-person present singular)
frugni (first-person past singular)
fregnes (present second-person singular)
frugnis (past second-person singular)
fregne (present singular third-person)
frugni (past singular third-person)
fregnen (plural present)
frugnin (past plural)
fregn (present singular)
frignandi (present)
gifrognan (past)
frognan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *fregnan, from Proto-Germanic *frehnaną.

sie mid is uuordun fragn huene sie sokean quamin (Heliand, verse 4839)


slapan

slāpan (canonical)
slāpan (infinitive)
slāpu (first-person present singular)
slēp (first-person past singular)
slāpis (present second-person singular)
slēpi (past second-person singular)
slāpid (present singular third-person)
slēp (past singular third-person)
slāpad (plural present)
slēpun (past plural)
slāpe (first-person present singular)
slēpi (first-person past singular)
slāpes (present second-person singular)
slēpis (past second-person singular)
slāpe (present singular third-person)
slēpi (past singular third-person)
slāpen (plural present)
slēpin (past plural)
slāp (present singular)
slāpandi (present)
gislāpan (past)
slāpan (past)

Middle Low German: slâpen

German Low German: slapen

Low German: slapen

9th c. Heliand, verse 4777

"Why do you want to sleep thus?" said he.


nitan

nitan (infinitive)
nēt (first-person present singular)
nissa (first-person past singular)
nēst (present second-person singular)
nisses (past second-person singular)
nēt (present singular third-person)
nissa (past singular third-person)
nitun (plural present)
nissun (past plural)
niti (first-person present singular)
nissi (first-person past singular)
nitis (present second-person singular)
nissis (past second-person singular)
niti (present singular third-person)
nissi (past singular third-person)
nitin (plural present)
nissin (past plural)
nitandi (present)
ne giwitan (past)
ne witan (past)

Contraction of ne + witan. The same process occurred in Old English with ne + willan (nillan (“to not want”)) and ne + wesan (nesan (“to not be”)). See also newitan.


brekan

brekan (infinitive)
briku (first-person present singular)
brak (first-person past singular)
brikis (present second-person singular)
brāki (past second-person singular)
brikid (present singular third-person)
brak (past singular third-person)
brekad (plural present)
brākun (past plural)
breke (first-person present singular)
brāki (first-person past singular)
brekes (present second-person singular)
brākis (past second-person singular)
breke (present singular third-person)
brāki (past singular third-person)
breken (plural present)
brākin (past plural)
brek (present singular)
brikandi (present)
gibrokan (past)
brokan (past)

Middle Low German: breken

Danish: brække

Low German: breken

Norwegian: brekke

From Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.


mugan

mugan (infinitive)
mag (first-person present singular)
mah (first-person present singular)
mohta (first-person past singular)
maht (present second-person singular)
mohtes (past second-person singular)
mag (present singular third-person)
mah (present singular third-person)
mohta (past singular third-person)
mugun (plural present)
mohtun (past plural)
mugi (first-person present singular)
mohti (first-person past singular)
mugis (present second-person singular)
mohtis (past second-person singular)
mugi (present singular third-person)
mohti (past singular third-person)
mugin (plural present)
mohtin (past plural)
mugandi (present)

Middle Low German: mogen, mögen

Low German: mögen, mägen

German Low German: mögen

that ik hier ni mag ēniga huīla libbian

That I shouldn't live any moment (Genesis, verse 67)

uundron huuō mag that giuuerðan sō

To wonder how it could have happened so (Heliand, verse 141)


gevan

gevan (infinitive)
givu (first-person present singular)
gaf (first-person past singular)
givis (present second-person singular)
gāvi (past second-person singular)
givid (present singular third-person)
gaf (past singular third-person)
gevad (plural present)
gāvun (past plural)
geve (first-person present singular)
gāvi (first-person past singular)
geves (present second-person singular)
gāvis (past second-person singular)
geve (present singular third-person)
gāvi (past singular third-person)
geven (plural present)
gāvin (past plural)
gef (present singular)
givandi (present)
gigevan (past)
gevan (past)

desctree

Middle Low German: geven
Low German: geven, gewen, giäwen, giewen

From Proto-West Germanic *geban, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną.


werthan

werthan (infinitive)
wirthu (first-person present singular)
warth (first-person past singular)
wirthis (present second-person singular)
wurdi (past second-person singular)
wirthid (present singular third-person)
warth (past singular third-person)
werthad (plural present)
wurdun (past plural)
werthe (first-person present singular)
wurdi (first-person past singular)
werthes (present second-person singular)
wurdis (past second-person singular)
werthe (present singular third-person)
wurdi (past singular third-person)
werthen (plural present)
wurdin (past plural)
werth (present singular)
wirthandi (present)
giwordan (past)
wordan (past)

Middle Low German: warden

Low German: warrn

German Low German: werden, worden

From Proto-West Germanic *werþan, from Proto-Germanic *werþaną.

Thō uuarð thar an thene gastseli megincraft mikil manno gesamnod

Then the great power came there in the guest hall, gathered by the men (Heliand, verses 2733 and 2734)

that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan'

that he should be born in Bethleem: 'so it is written in our books' (Heliand, verse 621)

to be (used with the subject to express the passive)


sprekan

sprekan (infinitive)
spriku (first-person present singular)
sprak (first-person past singular)
sprikis (present second-person singular)
sprāki (past second-person singular)
sprikid (present singular third-person)
sprak (past singular third-person)
sprekad (plural present)
sprākun (past plural)
spreke (first-person present singular)
sprāki (first-person past singular)
sprekes (present second-person singular)
sprākis (past second-person singular)
spreke (present singular third-person)
sprāki (past singular third-person)
spreken (plural present)
sprākin (past plural)
sprek (present singular)
sprikandi (present)
gisprekan (past)
sprekan (past)

Middle Low German: sprēken

Low German: spreken

Plautdietsch: spräakjen

From Proto-West Germanic *sprekan, from Proto-Germanic *sprekaną.

Heliand, verse 2658

So the mankind despised him and spoke with foolish words about him

Sō farmunste ina that manno folc endi sprākun im gimēdlic uuord

Heliand, verse 2026-2027

Why do you speak of that, woman, so much (you) remind me pressingly in front of this crowd?

Te huī sprikis thū thes wīf, sō filu manos mī far thesoro mėnigi?


quethan

quethan (infinitive)
quithu (first-person present singular)
quath (first-person past singular)
quad (first-person past singular)
quithis (present second-person singular)
quādi (past second-person singular)
quithid (present singular third-person)
quath (past singular third-person)
quad (past singular third-person)
quethad (plural present)
quādun (past plural)
quethe (first-person present singular)
quādi (first-person past singular)
quethes (present second-person singular)
quādis (past second-person singular)
quethe (present singular third-person)
quādi (past singular third-person)
quethen (plural present)
quādin (past plural)
queth (present singular)
quithandi (present)
giquedan (past)
quedan (past)

Middle Low German: queden

From Proto-West Germanic *kweþan, from Proto-Germanic *kweþaną.


kopian

kōpian (canonical)
kōpian (infinitive)
kōpiu (first-person present singular)
kōpta (first-person past singular)
kōpis (present second-person singular)
kōptes (past second-person singular)
kōpid (present singular third-person)
kōpta (past singular third-person)
kōpiad (plural present)
kōptun (past plural)
kōpie (first-person present singular)
kōpti (first-person past singular)
kōpies (present second-person singular)
kōptis (past second-person singular)
kōpie (present singular third-person)
kōpti (past singular third-person)
kōpien (plural present)
kōptin (past plural)
kōpi (present singular)
kōpiandi (present)
gikōpid (past)
kōpid (past)

Middle Low German: kö̂pen

Low German: köpen