tungal

tungal (nominative singular)
tungal (nominative plural)
tungal (accusative singular)
tungal (accusative plural)
tungles (genitive singular)
tunglō (genitive plural)
tungle (dative singular)
tunglum (dative plural)

is bocan skinan hedro fon himiles tunglun


nagal

Middle Low German: nāgel, nēgel

German Low German: Nagel

Plautdietsch: Noagel

From Proto-West Germanic *nagl, whence also Old English næġl, Old Norse nagl.


soth

From Proto-West Germanic *sanþ (“truth”).


thioh

thīoh (canonical neuter)
thīoh (nominative singular)
thīoh (nominative plural)
thīoh (accusative singular)
thīoh (accusative plural)
thīohes (genitive singular)
thīohō (genitive plural)
thīohe (dative singular)
thīohun (dative plural)

Middle Low German: dêch, dê, dee

⇒ Low German: Dickbeen

From Proto-West Germanic *þeuh.
Cognate with Old English þeoh, Dutch dij, Old High German dioh, Old Norse þjó; and with Russian тук (tuk, “animal fat”), Lithuanian tùkti (“become fat”).


eldibarn

From eldi + barn. Has parallels in Old English ielda bearn and Old Norse alda bǫrn, possibly from a Proto-Germanic *aldijǫ̂ barnō.

(plural only, kenning) mankind, children of men


eldi

eldi (nominative singular)
eldi (nominative plural)
eldies (accusative singular)
eldie (accusative plural)
eldi (genitive singular)
eldi (genitive plural)
eldiō (dative singular)
eldium (dative plural)


eldi

eldi (nominative singular)
eldios (nominative plural)
eldi (accusative singular)
eldios (accusative plural)
eldies (genitive singular)
eldiō (genitive plural)
eldie (dative singular)
eldium (dative plural)


aldiro

osx-decl-adj-wk

ald

aldiro (comparative masculine nominative singular)
aldiru (comparative masculine nominative plural)
aldira (comparative neuter nominative singular)
aldiru (comparative neuter nominative plural)
aldira (comparative feminine nominative singular)
aldiru (comparative feminine nominative plural)
aldirun (accusative comparative masculine singular)
aldirun (accusative comparative masculine plural)
aldira (accusative comparative neuter singular)
aldirun (accusative comparative neuter plural)
aldirun (accusative comparative feminine singular)
aldirun (accusative comparative feminine plural)
aldirun (comparative genitive masculine singular)
aldironō (comparative genitive masculine plural)
aldirun (comparative genitive neuter singular)
aldironō (comparative genitive neuter plural)
aldirun (comparative feminine genitive singular)
aldironō (comparative feminine genitive plural)
aldirun (comparative dative masculine singular)
aldirum (comparative dative masculine plural)
aldirun (comparative dative neuter singular)
aldirum (comparative dative neuter plural)
aldirun (comparative dative feminine singular)
aldirum (comparative dative feminine plural)

desc

Middle Low German: eldere, elder, alder, ȫldere

German Low German: öller

⇒ Middle Low German: ȫlderen, olderen, oldern, oldren, alderen

German Low German: Ollern


elilendi

elilendi (nominative singular)
elilendios (nominative plural)
elilendi (accusative singular)
elilendios (accusative plural)
elilendies (genitive singular)
elilendiō (genitive plural)
elilendie (dative singular)
elilendium (dative plural)

eli- (“foreign, other”) + land (“land”) with suffix equivalent to Proto-Germanic *-ją. The first element is from Proto-West Germanic *alji-.


giwerk

From gi- + werki. Cognate with Old English ġeweorc.


nadra

nādra (canonical feminine)
nādra (nominative singular)
nādrun (nominative plural)
nādran (nominative plural)
nādron (nominative plural)
nādrun (accusative singular)
nādran (accusative singular)
nādron (accusative singular)
nādrun (accusative plural)
nādran (accusative plural)
nādron (accusative plural)
nādrun (genitive singular)
nādran (genitive singular)
nādron (genitive singular)
nādrono (genitive plural)
nādrun (dative singular)
nādran (dative singular)
nādron (dative singular)
nādrun (dative plural)
nādran (dative plural)
nādron (dative plural)

Middle Low German: nâder, nader, nadder

Low German: Adder

desctree

German Low German: Adder
→ Saterland Frisian: Adder

From Proto-West Germanic *nadrā. Cognate with Old English nǣdre.


nathla

From Proto-Germanic *nēþlō, whence also Old High German nādala, Old Norse nál.


swestar

swestar (nominative singular)
swestar (nominative plural)
swestar (accusative singular)
swestar (accusative plural)
swestar (genitive singular)
swestarō (genitive plural)
swestar (dative singular)
swestarum (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: süster, syster, swester

Low German: swester, süster, syster

Plautdietsch: Sesta

From Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


sundia

sunda (nominative singular)
sunda (nominative plural)
sunda (accusative singular)
sunda (accusative plural)
sundō (genitive singular)
sundanō (genitive plural)
sundu (dative singular)
sundum (dative plural)
sunda (nominative singular)
sundun (nominative plural)
sundan (nominative plural)
sundon (nominative plural)
sundun (accusative singular)
sundan (accusative singular)
sundon (accusative singular)
sundun (accusative plural)
sundan (accusative plural)
sundon (accusative plural)
sundun (genitive singular)
sundan (genitive singular)
sundon (genitive singular)
sundono (genitive plural)
sundun (dative singular)
sundan (dative singular)
sundon (dative singular)
sundun (dative plural)
sundan (dative plural)
sundon (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sundijō.
Cognates include Old English synn, Old Frisian sende, Old Norse synd, Old Dutch sunda, and Old High German sunta. The word may derive, ultimately, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”) through a *h₁sónts. Latin also has an old present participle of sum in the word sons, sont- (“guilty”).


misdad

From Proto-Germanic *missadēdiz. Equivalent to mis- + dād.


egithassa

egithassa (nominative singular)
egithassun (nominative plural)
egithassan (nominative plural)
egithasson (nominative plural)
egithassun (accusative singular)
egithassan (accusative singular)
egithasson (accusative singular)
egithassun (accusative plural)
egithassan (accusative plural)
egithasson (accusative plural)
egithassun (genitive singular)
egithassan (genitive singular)
egithasson (genitive singular)
egithassono (genitive plural)
egithassun (dative singular)
egithassan (dative singular)
egithasson (dative singular)
egithassun (dative plural)
egithassan (dative plural)
egithasson (dative plural)

Middle Low German: gedisse, egidesse

German Low German: Eevtaske, Heevtaske, Eevtask, Heevtask

Plautdietsch: Äajdakjs, Äajdakjsel

From Proto-West Germanic *agiþahsijā (“lizard, newt”).


thahs

Middle Low German: das, dasse

German Low German: Dass

From Proto-Germanic *þahsuz. Cognate with German Dachs, Latin taxus.


balu

balu (nominative singular)
balu (nominative plural)
balu (accusative singular)
balu (accusative plural)
balwes (genitive singular)
balwō (genitive plural)
balwe (dative singular)
balwum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *balu (“evil”).


siluvar

Middle Low German: selver, sulver

German Low German: Sülver, Silver

Plautdietsch: Selwa

From Proto-Germanic *silubrą, whence also Old English seolfor, Old Norse silfr.


navuger

desc

Middle Low German: neveger, eveger, ever

From Proto-West Germanic *nabugaiʀ. Cognate with Old English nafugār, Old High German nabagēr, Old Norse nafarr.


kiol

From Proto-Germanic *keulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gawl- (“ball, swelling”). Cognate with Old English ceol (Dutch kiel), Old High German kiol (German Kiel), Old Norse kjóll.


wapan

Middle Low German: wâpen

Low German: wapen


wurt

wurt (nominative singular)
wurti (nominative plural)
wurt (accusative singular)
wurti (accusative plural)
wurti (genitive singular)
wurtiō (genitive plural)
wurti (dative singular)
wurtium (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wort, wurt

From Proto-West Germanic *wurti, from Proto-Germanic *wurt-, the oblique stem of *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.


ellian

From Proto-West Germanic *alljan. Cognate with Old English ellen, Old High German ellan, Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (aljan), Old Norse eljan (Icelandic elja).


wunda

Middle Low German: wunde

German Low German: Wunn

From Proto-West Germanic *wund, from Proto-Germanic *wundō.


brudigomo

From Proto-West Germanic *brūdigumō. Equivalent to brūd + gomo.


wagan

wagan (nominative singular)
waganos (nominative plural)
wagan (accusative singular)
waganos (accusative plural)
waganes (genitive singular)
waganō (genitive plural)
wagane (dative singular)
waganum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wagen

Low German: Wagen

From Proto-West Germanic *wagn, from Proto-Germanic *wagnaz, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *weǵʰ- (“to transport, carry”). Compare Old English wæġn (whence modern English wain), Old Dutch wagan (whence English wagon), Old High German wagan, Old Norse vagn.


dropo

Middle Low German: drope, drupe, drup

German Low German: Drüpp

From Proto-West Germanic *dropō, see also Old English dropa, Old Norse dropi.


anfelt

From Proto-West Germanic *anafalt, *anafaltī.


unwedar

From Proto-Germanic *unwedrą. Equivalent to un- + wedar.


diuritha

From Proto-West Germanic *diuriþu, from Proto-Germanic *diuriþō. Equivalent to diuri + -itha. Cognates include English dearth, Dutch duurte, Old Norse dýrð.

Heliand 4249-4250 (early 9th century):
... that sia muostin an them marien dage iro drohtines diuritha antfahan.
... that they may receive glory in the glory-days of their lord.


skado

skado (nominative singular)
skadon (nominative plural)
skadun (nominative plural)
skadan (nominative plural)
skadon (accusative singular)
skadan (accusative singular)
skadon (accusative plural)
skadun (accusative plural)
skadan (accusative plural)
skaden (genitive singular)
skadan (genitive singular)
skadon (genitive singular)
skadono (genitive plural)
skaden (dative singular)
skadan (dative singular)
skadon (dative singular)
skadun (dative plural)
skadon (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: schaduwe, schadewe, schāde, schēde

Low German:

German Low German: Schade, Scharre, Scharr

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Schiae

Westmünsterländisch: Schatten

Plautdietsch: Schauten

From Proto-West Germanic *skadu, from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz.


kirika

Middle Low German: kirke, kerke, karke

German Low German: Kark, Kiärke

Plautdietsch: Kjoakj, Tjoatj

→ Estonian: kirik

→ Finnish: kirkko

Meänkieli: kirkko

→ Northern Sami: girku (or from Old Norse)

→ Lule Sami: girkko (or from Old Norse)

→ Pite Sami: girrko (or from Old Norse)

→ Southern Sami: gærhkoe (or from Old Norse)

→ Ingrian: kirkko

→ Karelian: kirikkö

From Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, from Byzantine Greek κυριακόν (δόμα) (kuriakón (dóma), “Lord's (house)”).

der

κυριακόν (δόμα)


thumo

thūmo (canonical masculine)
thūmo (nominative singular)
thūmon (nominative plural)
thūmun (nominative plural)
thūman (nominative plural)
thūmon (accusative singular)
thūman (accusative singular)
thūmon (accusative plural)
thūmun (accusative plural)
thūman (accusative plural)
thūmen (genitive singular)
thūman (genitive singular)
thūmon (genitive singular)
thūmono (genitive plural)
thūmen (dative singular)
thūman (dative singular)
thūmon (dative singular)
thūmun (dative plural)
thūmon (dative plural)

Middle Low German: dûme

German Low German: Dumen, Dume, Duum

Plautdietsch: Dumen


skatho

skatho (nominative singular)
skathon (nominative plural)
skathun (nominative plural)
skathan (nominative plural)
skathon (accusative singular)
skathan (accusative singular)
skathon (accusative plural)
skathun (accusative plural)
skathan (accusative plural)
skathen (genitive singular)
skathan (genitive singular)
skathon (genitive singular)
skathono (genitive plural)
skathen (dative singular)
skathan (dative singular)
skathon (dative singular)
skathun (dative plural)
skathon (dative plural)

Middle Low German: scade

From Proto-West Germanic *skaþō.
Cognates
Cognate with Old English sceaþa, Dutch schade, Old High German skado (German Schaden), Old Norse skaði (Swedish skada).


hwal

Middle Low German: wal

Low German: Waal


frovra

Cognate with Old English frōfor, Old High German fluobara.

comfort, help, consolation, refuge, compensation, benefit


eggia

eggia (nominative singular)
eggia (nominative plural)
eggia (accusative singular)
eggia (accusative plural)
eggiō (genitive singular)
eggianō (genitive plural)
eggiu (dative singular)
eggium (dative plural)

Middle Low German: egge, egke, ecke

German Low German: Eck

Plautdietsch: Agj, Akj


ahar

Middle Low German: ār

Low German: Ohr

Plautdietsch: Oa

From Proto-West Germanic *ahaʀ, see also Old High German ahir (German Ähre), Old English ēar, Dutch aar, Old Norse ax. Also compare Latin acus "needle".


ahsla

Middle Low German: assel

From Proto-Germanic *ahslō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).


eht

q

prefixed with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*fra-</i>

⇒ Old Saxon: *frēht (prefixed with *fra-)

Middle Low German: vracht

German Low German: fracht

→ Middle Dutch: vracht

Dutch: vracht

Afrikaans: vrag

→ Danish: fragt

→ English: freight, fraught (possibly via Middle Dutch)

→ German: Fracht

→ Gutnish: frakt

→ Norwegian: frakt (possibly via Middle Dutch)

→ Swedish: frakt

From Proto-West Germanic *aihti, from Proto-Germanic *aihtiz.


ekhorn

desc

Middle Low German: ēkhorn, ekeren, eckeren, ēkerken, ekkern

⇒ Dutch Low Saxon: Eekhoorntje

German Low German: Ekkern

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch: Aik, Aikern

Sauerländisch: Ēksken, Aikerte


arundi

From Proto-West Germanic *ārundī (“message”).


akeran

Middle Low German: ākeren, ackeren, ēkeren, eckeren

German Low German: Ecker

Low German: eckeren


akus

Middle Low German: axe, ēxe, akes

Low German: Ax, Äx, Ex

Westphalian:

Märkisch: Akes

Plautdietsch: Akjs

From Proto-Germanic *akwisī, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”).


amsla

Middle Low German: amsel, amelse

German Low German: Amsel

Plautdietsch: Aumsel

→ English: amzel


anud

anud (nominative singular)
anudi (nominative plural)
anud (accusative singular)
anudi (accusative plural)
anudi (genitive singular)
anudiō (genitive plural)
anudi (dative singular)
anudium (dative plural)

Middle Low German: aned, ēnde

German Low German: Aant

Plautdietsch: Ent


esil

Middle Low German: esel

Low German: Esel

Plautdietsch: Äsel

→ Danish: æsel
→ Faroese: esil

→ Estonian: eesel (or from German)

→ Norwegian: esel

→ Polabian: asål

From Proto-West Germanic *asil, a borrowing from Late Latin asellus.


ewi

ewi (nominative singular)
ewi (nominative plural)
ewi (accusative singular)
ewi (accusative plural)
ewi (genitive singular)
ewiō (genitive plural)
ewi (dative singular)
ewium (dative plural)

Middle Low German: ewe

Low German: Eev, Öwwe

German Low German: Öi, Ei


gibeddio

From gi- + beddi + -o. Akin to Old English gebedda.


gibodskepi

gibodskepi (nominative singular)
gibodskepios (nominative plural)
gibodskepi (accusative singular)
gibodskepios (accusative plural)
gibodskepies (genitive singular)
gibodskepiō (genitive plural)
gibodskepie (dative singular)
gibodskepium (dative plural)

From gi- + bod + -skepi. Related to Old English ġebodscipe, Dutch boodschap, German Botschaft.


gibrothar

gibrōthar (canonical masculine plural)
gibrōthar (nominative singular)
gibrōthar (nominative plural)
gibrōthar (accusative singular)
gibrōthar (accusative plural)
gibrōthar (genitive singular)
gibrōtharō (genitive plural)
gibrōthar (dative singular)
gibrōtharum (dative plural)


brothar

brōthar (canonical masculine)
brōthar (nominative singular)
brōthar (nominative plural)
brōthar (accusative singular)
brōthar (accusative plural)
brōthar (genitive singular)
brōtharō (genitive plural)
brōthar (dative singular)
brōtharum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: brôder, brûder

German Low German: Broder, Broor, Bröör

Plautdietsch: Brooda

From Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


gibund

From gi- + *bund. The latter is from Proto-Germanic *bundą.


gibur

From Proto-West Germanic *gabūr. Equivalent to gi- + būr. Compare Old English ġebūr.


giburd

giburd (nominative singular)
giburdi (nominative plural)
giburd (accusative singular)
giburdi (accusative plural)
giburdi (genitive singular)
giburdiō (genitive plural)
giburdi (dative singular)
giburdium (dative plural)

Middle Low German: gebōrt, geburt

Low German: Geboort

→ Saterland Frisian: Gebuurt

From gi- + burd. Compare Old English ġebyrd.


gidrog

Middle Low German: *gedrog

⇒ Middle Low German: gedrōchnisse


gifagiritha

From gi- + *fagiritha, from Proto-West Germanic *fagriþu. Equivalent to gi- + fagar (“beautiful”) + -itha.


gifehitha

Middle Low German: gevêde

From Proto-West Germanic *gifaihiþu, from *gi- + *faihiþu. Equivalent to gi- + *fēhitha. Cognate with Old High German gifēhida.


gifogitha

From Proto-West Germanic *gafōgiþu, equivalent to gi- + *fōgitha.


giforsamhed

giforsamhēd (canonical feminine)
giforsamhēd (nominative singular)
giforsamhēdi (nominative plural)
giforsamhēd (accusative singular)
giforsamhēdi (accusative plural)
giforsamhēdi (genitive singular)
giforsamhēdo (genitive plural)
giforsamhēdi (dative singular)
giforsamhēdum (dative plural)


gihlun

From gi- + *hlunni, from Proto-West Germanic *hlunni.


gikilla

gl

Middle Low German: guckel m or f (merged with descendant of Old Saxon *jukil m)

From Proto-West Germanic *gajikilljā, equivalent to gi- + ichilla.


giliknessi

desc

Middle Low German: gelīkenisse, gelīknisse, līkenisse

German Low German: Glieknis

→ Danish: lignelse

→ Norwegian: lignelse

From Proto-West Germanic *galīkanassī, equivalent to gi- + lik + -nessi.


gilovo

Middle Low German: gelôve, lôve

German Low German: Gloov, Glööv

Plautdietsch: Gloowen

→ Danish: love

→ Saterland Frisian: Glove

From Proto-Germanic *galaubô, equivalent to gi- + -lovo.


gimehlida

gimehlida (nominative singular)
gimehlida (nominative plural)
gimehlida (accusative singular)
gimehlida (accusative plural)
gimehlidō (genitive singular)
gimehlidanō (genitive plural)
gimehlidu (dative singular)
gimehlidum (dative plural)
gimehlida (nominative singular)
gimehlidun (nominative plural)
gimehlidan (nominative plural)
gimehlidon (nominative plural)
gimehlidun (accusative singular)
gimehlidan (accusative singular)
gimehlidon (accusative singular)
gimehlidun (accusative plural)
gimehlidan (accusative plural)
gimehlidon (accusative plural)
gimehlidun (genitive singular)
gimehlidan (genitive singular)
gimehlidon (genitive singular)
gimehlidono (genitive plural)
gimehlidun (dative singular)
gimehlidan (dative singular)
gimehlidon (dative singular)
gimehlidun (dative plural)
gimehlidan (dative plural)
gimehlidon (dative plural)

Middle Low German: gemāl

Low German: Gemahlin

coniugem tuam: thīna gimehlidun
conjugem tuam (Latin): your wife (The Evangelic Glosses of Essen)


gimenitha

From Proto-West Germanic *gamainī + *-iþu. Equivalent to gi- + men + -itha; compare gimeni (“common”).


gimet

From gi- + met, shortening of metan (“to measure”).


gimuthi

From gi- + muth + -i. Akin to Old English ġemȳþe.


ginist

From gi- + nist, from Proto-Germanic *ganistiz.


ginot

From Proto-Germanic *ganautaz, equivalent to gi- + -not.


ginuht

ginuht (nominative singular)
ginuhti (nominative plural)
ginuht (accusative singular)
ginuhti (accusative plural)
ginuhti (genitive singular)
ginuhtiō (genitive plural)
ginuhti (dative singular)
ginuhtium (dative plural)

From gi- + an unrecorded Old Saxon verb *ginugan, ultimately related to ginōg, ginōh ('enough').


gisiht

From Proto-West Germanic *gasihti. Equivalent to gi- + siht.


gisithskepi

gisīthskepi (canonical masculine)
gisīthskepi (nominative singular)
gisīthskepios (nominative plural)
gisīthskepi (accusative singular)
gisīthskepios (accusative plural)
gisīthskepies (genitive singular)
gisīthskepiō (genitive plural)
gisīthskepie (dative singular)
gisīthskepium (dative plural)


gistriuni

From Proto-Germanic *gastreuną, *streuną, equivalent to gi- + striun + -i.


gisunfadar

From gi- + sunu + fadar. The word is an archaism: in early Germanic literature, only three other similar dvandva compounds are attested, inheritances from older language stages in which this method of compounding was still productive. They are Old English suhtergefæderan and suhtorfædran (Beowulf and Widsith, respectively), aþumsweoran (Beowulf), and Old High German sunufatarungo (Hildebrandslied).

Heliand l. 1176


giswestar

giswestar (nominative singular)
giswestar (nominative plural)
giswestar (accusative singular)
giswestar (accusative plural)
giswestar (genitive singular)
ō (genitive plural)
giswestarō (genitive plural)
giswestar (dative singular)
um (dative plural)
giswestarum (dative plural)


widu

widu (nominative singular)
widi (nominative plural)
widu (accusative singular)
widi (accusative plural)
widies (genitive singular)
wideas (genitive singular)
widio (genitive plural)
wido (genitive plural)
wido (dative singular)
widie (dative singular)
widi (dative singular)
wide (dative singular)
widun (dative plural)
widiun (dative plural)
widu (nominative singular)
wido (nominative singular)
widu (accusative singular)
wido (accusative singular)
wides (genitive singular)
widas (genitive singular)
wide (dative singular)
wido (instrumental singular)

Middle Low German: wede

From Proto-West Germanic *widu, from Proto-Germanic *widuz.


githaht

githāht (canonical feminine)
githāht (nominative singular)
githāhti (nominative plural)
githāht (accusative singular)
githāhti (accusative plural)
githāhti (genitive singular)
githāhtiō (genitive plural)
githāhti (dative singular)
githāhtium (dative plural)

Past participle of thenkian. Akin to Old English ġeþōht, Old Dutch githāht (Dutch gedachte) and Old High German gidāht (German Gedächtnis).


seha

seha (nominative singular)
sehun (nominative plural)
sehan (nominative plural)
sehon (nominative plural)
sehun (accusative singular)
sehan (accusative singular)
sehon (accusative singular)
sehun (accusative plural)
sehan (accusative plural)
sehon (accusative plural)
sehun (genitive singular)
sehan (genitive singular)
sehon (genitive singular)
sehono (genitive plural)
sehun (dative singular)
sehan (dative singular)
sehon (dative singular)
sehun (dative plural)
sehan (dative plural)
sehon (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sehwǭ (“pupil”). Akin to Old English seo (“pupil”).


wundar

wundar (nominative singular)
wundru (nominative plural)
wundar (accusative singular)
wundru (accusative plural)
wundres (genitive singular)
wundrō (genitive plural)
wundre (dative singular)
wundrum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wunder

Low German: wunder, wunner


wastum

wastum (nominative singular)
wastmos (nominative plural)
wastum (accusative singular)
wastmos (accusative plural)
wastmes (genitive singular)
wastmō (genitive plural)
wastme (dative singular)
wastmum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *wahstmaz. Cognate with Old English wæstm.


gifar

From gi- + far. Cognate to Old English ġefǣr (English fear), Dutch gevaar and German Gefahr.


nahtagala

Middle Low German: nachtegale

German Low German:

East Frisian Low Saxon, Westphalian (Dortmundisch, Westmünsterländisch): Nachtigall

Westphalian:

Bentheimisch: Nachtigalle

Westmünsterländisch: Nachtegall

Plautdietsch: Nachtigaul

→ Icelandic: næturgali

→ Faroese: náttargali

→ Norwegian: nattergal

→ Swedish: näktergal

→ Danish: nattergal

→ Gutnish: näktagal

From Proto-West Germanic *nahtigalā. Equivalent to naht (“night”) + galan (“to sing”) + -a.


nahthravan

From naht + hravan. Compare Old English nihthræfn.


nahbur

Middle Low German: nahber, nâber

German Low German: Naber

From Proto-Germanic *nēhwagabūrô, equivalent to nāh + būr. Compare Old English nēahġebūr, Old Dutch *nābūr, Old High German nāhgibūr.


dohtar

dohtar (nominative singular)
dohtar (nominative plural)
dohtar (accusative singular)
dohtar (accusative plural)
dohtar (genitive singular)
dohtarō (genitive plural)
dohtar (dative singular)
dohtarum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: dochter

German Low German: Dochter


thiof

thiof (nominative singular)
thiovos (nominative plural)
thiof (accusative singular)
thiovos (accusative plural)
thioves (genitive singular)
thiovō (genitive plural)
thiove (dative singular)
thiovum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: dêf, dief

German Low German: Deef, Deev, Deew, Deiw

Plautdietsch: Deef, Deiw

→ Saterland Frisian: Däif

From Proto-West Germanic *þeub (“thief”). Compare Old English þēof, Old Frisian thiaf.


leriand

lēriand (canonical masculine)
lēriand (nominative singular)
lēriand (nominative plural)
lēriand (accusative singular)
lēriand (accusative plural)
lēriandes (genitive singular)
lēriandō (genitive plural)
lēriande (dative singular)
lēriandum (dative plural)


wunnia

wunnia (nominative singular)
wunnia (nominative plural)
wunnia (accusative singular)
wunnia (accusative plural)
wunnia (genitive singular)
wunniu (genitive singular)
wunnio (genitive singular)
wunniono (genitive plural)
wunniu (dative singular)
wunnio (dative singular)
wunnia (dative singular)
wunnion (dative plural)
wunnium (dative plural)
wunniun (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *wunnju.
Cognate with Old English wynn, Old High German wunna (German Wonne). Related to Old Saxon wini, wennian. The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin venus, Old Irish fine, Welsh gwen) and Albanian uri (“hunger, desire”).


spraka

sprāka (canonical feminine)
sprāka (nominative singular)
sprāka (nominative plural)
sprāka (accusative singular)
sprāka (accusative plural)
sprākō (genitive singular)
sprākanō (genitive plural)
sprāku (dative singular)
sprākum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: sprâke

German Low German: Sprake, Spraak

→ Danish: sprog

→ Icelandic: sprok

→⇒ Faroese: spráka

→ Norwegian: språk

→ Old Swedish: sprak

Swedish: språk

From Proto-West Germanic *sprāku (“speech, speaking, language”).


wolkan

wolkan (nominative singular)
wolkan (nominative plural)
wolkan (accusative singular)
wolkan (accusative plural)
wolknes (genitive singular)
wolknō (genitive plural)
wolkne (dative singular)
wolknum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wolken

From Proto-West Germanic *wolkn, from Proto-Germanic *wulkną, *wulkaną.


radur

radur (nominative singular)
raduros (nominative plural)
radur (accusative singular)
raduros (accusative plural)
radures (genitive singular)
radurō (genitive plural)
radure (dative singular)
radurum (dative plural)


hwila

hwīla (canonical feminine)
hwīla (nominative singular)
hwīla (nominative plural)
hwīla (accusative singular)
hwīla (accusative plural)
hwīlō (genitive singular)
hwīlanō (genitive plural)
hwīlu (dative singular)
hwīlum (dative plural)

German Low German: Wiel

From Proto-West Germanic *hwīlu. Akin to Old English hwīl, Old High German wila.

that ik hier ni mag ēniga huīla libbian

That I shouldn't live any moment (Genesis, verse 67)


seola

sēola (canonical feminine)
sēola (nominative singular)
sēola (nominative plural)
sēola (accusative singular)
sēola (accusative plural)
sēolō (genitive singular)
sēolanō (genitive plural)
sēolu (dative singular)
sēolum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: sêle

Low German:

German Low German: Seel

Westphalian:

Sauerländisch: Siäle, Säile, Saile, Sǟle

Westmünsterländisch: Seele, Sääle

Plautdietsch: Seel

→ Old Norse:

Norwegian: sjel

Old Swedish: siæl, sial

Swedish: själ

Danish: sjæl

From Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”). Akin to Old Frisian sēla, Old English sāwol, Old High German sēla, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰 (saiwala).


wahta

wahta (nominative singular)
wahta (nominative plural)
wahta (accusative singular)
wahta (accusative plural)
wahtō (genitive singular)
wahtanō (genitive plural)
wahtu (dative singular)
wahtum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wachte, wacht

German Low German: Wacht

→ Danish: vagt

→ Norwegian: vakt

→ Swedish: vakt

→ Finnish: vahti
→ Ingrian: vahti

From Proto-West Germanic *wahtu (“watch, vigil”).


minnia

minnia (nominative singular)
minnia (nominative plural)
minnia (accusative singular)
minnia (accusative plural)
minniō (genitive singular)
minnianō (genitive plural)
minniu (dative singular)
minnium (dative plural)


niud

niud (nominative singular)
niudos (nominative plural)
niud (accusative singular)
niudos (accusative plural)
niudes (genitive singular)
niudō (genitive plural)
niude (dative singular)
niudum (dative plural)


githuld

githuld (nominative singular)
githuldi (nominative plural)
githuld (accusative singular)
githuldi (accusative plural)
githuldi (genitive singular)
githuldiō (genitive plural)
githuldi (dative singular)
githuldium (dative plural)

Low German: Geduld, Duld

From gi- + a Germanic base represented by tholon. Cognate with Old English ġeþyld, Dutch geduld, Old High German githult (German Geduld).

erlos tholodun thegnos mid githuldeon : the earls endured the thanes with patience.


middilgard

middilgard (nominative singular)
middilgardos (nominative plural)
middilgard (accusative singular)
middilgardos (accusative plural)
middilgardes (genitive singular)
middilgardō (genitive plural)
middilgarde (dative singular)
middilgardum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *midjagardaz, from the base of middil + gard. Cognate with Old English middangeard, Old High German mittilgart, Old Norse miðgarðr, Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (midjungards).

endi is geƀa wesan mildi oƀar middilgard managun thiodun

and his gift to be sweet to many people on this middle earth (Heliand, verse 628)


welo

welo (nominative singular)
welon (nominative plural)
welun (nominative plural)
welan (nominative plural)
welon (accusative singular)
welan (accusative singular)
welon (accusative plural)
welun (accusative plural)
welan (accusative plural)
welen (genitive singular)
welan (genitive singular)
welon (genitive singular)
welono (genitive plural)
welen (dative singular)
welan (dative singular)
welon (dative singular)
welun (dative plural)
welon (dative plural)

>? Middle Low German: wēle f, wēl m


githahti

inflection of githāht:
genitive singular

inflection of githāht:
nominative plural


gifadero

gifadero (nominative singular)
gifaderon (nominative plural)
gifaderun (nominative plural)
gifaderan (nominative plural)
gifaderon (accusative singular)
gifaderan (accusative singular)
gifaderon (accusative plural)
gifaderun (accusative plural)
gifaderan (accusative plural)
gifaderen (genitive singular)
gifaderan (genitive singular)
gifaderon (genitive singular)
gifaderono (genitive plural)
gifaderen (dative singular)
gifaderan (dative singular)
gifaderon (dative singular)
gifaderun (dative plural)
gifaderon (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: gevaddere, gevādere, geveddere, gevedder

Low German: Gevadder, Vadder

→ German: Vadder


giwuno

giwuno (nominative singular)
giwunon (nominative plural)
giwunun (nominative plural)
giwunan (nominative plural)
giwunon (accusative singular)
giwunan (accusative singular)
giwunon (accusative plural)
giwunun (accusative plural)
giwunan (accusative plural)
giwunen (genitive singular)
giwunan (genitive singular)
giwunon (genitive singular)
giwunono (genitive plural)
giwunen (dative singular)
giwunan (dative singular)
giwunon (dative singular)
giwunun (dative plural)
giwunon (dative plural)


giwunohed

giwunohēd (canonical feminine)
giwunohēd (nominative singular)
giwunohēdi (nominative plural)
giwunohēd (accusative singular)
giwunohēdi (accusative plural)
giwunohēdi (genitive singular)
giwunohēdo (genitive plural)
giwunohēdi (dative singular)
giwunohēdum (dative plural)

From gi- + wunon + -hed. Akin to Dutch gewoonheid.


mapulder

mapulder (nominative singular)
mapulderos (nominative plural)
mapulder (accusative singular)
mapulderos (accusative plural)
mapulderes (genitive singular)
mapulderō (genitive plural)
mapuldere (dative singular)
mapulderum (dative plural)

Low German: mapeldorn, mapelder

From Proto-Germanic *mapulaz. Compare Old English mapulder, mapolder, Old High German mazaltra, mazzaltra. May have evolved under the influence of apulder in both Old Saxon and Old English.


therva

thervo (genitive)
therva (nominative singular)
therva (nominative plural)
therva (accusative singular)
therva (accusative plural)
thervō (genitive singular)
thervanō (genitive plural)
thervu (dative singular)
thervum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *þarbō; cognate with Old English þearf, Old High German darba, Old Icelandic þörf, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 (þarba). Compare thurvan.


thurft

thurfti (genitive)
thurft (nominative singular)
thurfti (nominative plural)
thurft (accusative singular)
thurfti (accusative plural)
thurfti (genitive singular)
thurftiō (genitive plural)
thurfti (dative singular)
thurftium (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *þurftiz; cognate with Old High German durft, Old Swedish þorft (Swedish torft), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍆𐍄𐍃 (þaurfts). Compare thurvan, tharf and therva.


harug

harug (nominative singular)
harugos (nominative plural)
harug (accusative singular)
harugos (accusative plural)
haruges (genitive singular)
harugō (genitive plural)
haruge (dative singular)
harugum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *harugaz (“stoneheap, pile of stone; altar”).


hevantungal

hevantungal (nominative singular)
hevantungal (nominative plural)
hevantungal (accusative singular)
hevantungal (accusative plural)
hevantungles (genitive singular)
hevantunglō (genitive plural)
hevantungle (dative singular)
hevantunglum (dative plural)

fallad sterron huit heƀentungal

The stars fall, white celestial bodies (Heliand, verse 4313)


himiltungal

himiltungal (nominative singular)
himiltungal (nominative plural)
himiltungal (accusative singular)
himiltungal (accusative plural)
himiltungles (genitive singular)
himiltunglō (genitive plural)
himiltungle (dative singular)
himiltunglum (dative plural)

From himil + tungal. Compare Old High German himilzungal.

that ostana en scoldi skinan himiltungal huit

From the east came to shine a white heavenly body (Heliand, verse 590)


folma

folma (nominative singular)
folma (nominative plural)
folma (accusative singular)
folma (accusative plural)
folmō (genitive singular)
folmanō (genitive plural)
folmu (dative singular)
folmum (dative plural)


gimenhed

gimēnhēd (canonical masculine)
gimēnhēd (nominative singular)
gimēnhēdi (nominative plural)
gimēnhēd (accusative singular)
gimēnhēdi (accusative plural)
gimēnhēdi (genitive singular)
gimēnhēdo (genitive plural)
gimēnhēdi (dative singular)
gimēnhēdum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: gemēnhēt, gemeinheit

Low German: Gemeenheit


gimenskepi

gimēnskepi (canonical masculine)
gimēnskepi (nominative singular)
gimēnskepios (nominative plural)
gimēnskepi (accusative singular)
gimēnskepios (accusative plural)
gimēnskepies (genitive singular)
gimēnskepiō (genitive plural)
gimēnskepie (dative singular)
gimēnskepium (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: gemēnschop, gemeinschop

Low German: Gemeenschop


gimenilik

osx-adj

*gimēnilīk (comparative *gimēnilīkoro, superlative *gimēnilīkost)

gimēnilīk (canonical)
gimēnilīkoro (comparative)
gimēnilīkost (superlative)
gimēnilīk (masculine nominative singular strong)
gimēnilīke (masculine nominative plural strong)
gimēnilīk (neuter nominative singular strong)
gimēnilīke (neuter nominative plural strong)
gimēnilīk (feminine nominative singular strong)
gimēnilīku (feminine nominative plural strong)
gimēnilīkana (accusative masculine singular strong)
gimēnilīke (accusative masculine plural strong)
gimēnilīk (accusative neuter singular strong)
gimēnilīke (accusative neuter plural strong)
gimēnilīka (accusative feminine singular strong)
gimēnilīku (accusative feminine plural strong)
gimēnilīkes (genitive masculine singular strong)
gimēnilīkarō (genitive masculine plural strong)
gimēnilīkes (genitive neuter singular strong)
gimēnilīkarō (genitive neuter plural strong)
gimēnilīkaro (feminine genitive singular strong)
gimēnilīkarō (feminine genitive plural strong)
gimēnilīkumu (dative masculine singular strong)
gimēnilīkum (dative masculine plural strong)
gimēnilīkumu (dative neuter singular strong)
gimēnilīkum (dative neuter plural strong)
gimēnilīkaro (dative feminine singular strong)
gimēnilīkum (dative feminine plural strong)
gimēnilīko (masculine nominative singular weak)
gimēnilīku (masculine nominative plural weak)
gimēnilīka (neuter nominative singular weak)
gimēnilīku (neuter nominative plural weak)
gimēnilīka (feminine nominative singular weak)
gimēnilīku (feminine nominative plural weak)
gimēnilīkun (accusative masculine singular weak)
gimēnilīkun (accusative masculine plural weak)
gimēnilīka (accusative neuter singular weak)
gimēnilīkun (accusative neuter plural weak)
gimēnilīkun (accusative feminine singular weak)
gimēnilīkun (accusative feminine plural weak)
gimēnilīkun (genitive masculine singular weak)
gimēnilīkonō (genitive masculine plural weak)
gimēnilīkun (genitive neuter singular weak)
gimēnilīkonō (genitive neuter plural weak)
gimēnilīkun (feminine genitive singular weak)
gimēnilīkonō (feminine genitive plural weak)
gimēnilīkun (dative masculine singular weak)
gimēnilīkum (dative masculine plural weak)
gimēnilīkun (dative neuter singular weak)
gimēnilīkum (dative neuter plural weak)
gimēnilīkun (dative feminine singular weak)
gimēnilīkum (dative feminine plural weak)
gimēnilīkoro (comparative masculine nominative singular)
gimēnilīkoru (comparative masculine nominative plural)
gimēnilīkora (comparative neuter nominative singular)
gimēnilīkoru (comparative neuter nominative plural)
gimēnilīkora (comparative feminine nominative singular)
gimēnilīkoru (comparative feminine nominative plural)
gimēnilīkorun (accusative comparative masculine singular)
gimēnilīkorun (accusative comparative masculine plural)
gimēnilīkora (accusative comparative neuter singular)
gimēnilīkorun (accusative comparative neuter plural)
gimēnilīkorun (accusative comparative feminine singular)
gimēnilīkorun (accusative comparative feminine plural)
gimēnilīkorun (comparative genitive masculine singular)
gimēnilīkoronō (comparative genitive masculine plural)
gimēnilīkorun (comparative genitive neuter singular)
gimēnilīkoronō (comparative genitive neuter plural)
gimēnilīkorun (comparative feminine genitive singular)
gimēnilīkoronō (comparative feminine genitive plural)
gimēnilīkorun (comparative dative masculine singular)
gimēnilīkorum (comparative dative masculine plural)
gimēnilīkorun (comparative dative neuter singular)
gimēnilīkorum (comparative dative neuter plural)
gimēnilīkorun (comparative dative feminine singular)
gimēnilīkorum (comparative dative feminine plural)
gimēnilīkost (masculine nominative singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkoste (masculine nominative plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkost (neuter nominative singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkoste (neuter nominative plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkost (feminine nominative singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostu (feminine nominative plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostana (accusative masculine singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkoste (accusative masculine plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkost (accusative neuter singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkoste (accusative neuter plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkosta (accusative feminine singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostu (accusative feminine plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostes (genitive masculine singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostarō (genitive masculine plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostes (genitive neuter singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostarō (genitive neuter plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostaro (feminine genitive singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostarō (feminine genitive plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostumu (dative masculine singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostum (dative masculine plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostumu (dative neuter singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostum (dative neuter plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostaro (dative feminine singular strong superlative)
gimēnilīkostum (dative feminine plural strong superlative)
gimēnilīkosto (masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostu (masculine nominative plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkosta (neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostu (neuter nominative plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkosta (feminine nominative singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostu (feminine nominative plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (accusative masculine singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (accusative masculine plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkosta (accusative neuter singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (accusative neuter plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (accusative feminine singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (accusative feminine plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (genitive masculine singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostonō (genitive masculine plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (genitive neuter singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostonō (genitive neuter plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (feminine genitive singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostonō (feminine genitive plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (dative masculine singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostum (dative masculine plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (dative neuter singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostum (dative neuter plural superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostun (dative feminine singular superlative weak)
gimēnilīkostum (dative feminine plural superlative weak)

desc

Middle Low German: gemēnelīk, gemeinelīk

Low German: gemeenlich


gimensamhed

gimēnsamhēd (canonical masculine)
gimēnsamhēd (nominative singular)
gimēnsamhēdi (nominative plural)
gimēnsamhēd (accusative singular)
gimēnsamhēdi (accusative plural)
gimēnsamhēdi (genitive singular)
gimēnsamhēdo (genitive plural)
gimēnsamhēdi (dative singular)
gimēnsamhēdum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: gemēnsāmhēt

Low German: Gemeensamkeit

From the adjective *gimēnsam. Akin to Old English ġemǣnsumnes, Old High German gimeinsamheit.


wilikumo

wilikumo (nominative singular)
wilikumon (nominative plural)
wilikumun (nominative plural)
wilikuman (nominative plural)
wilikumon (accusative singular)
wilikuman (accusative singular)
wilikumon (accusative plural)
wilikumun (accusative plural)
wilikuman (accusative plural)
wilikumen (genitive singular)
wilikuman (genitive singular)
wilikumon (genitive singular)
wilikumono (genitive plural)
wilikumen (dative singular)
wilikuman (dative singular)
wilikumon (dative singular)
wilikumun (dative plural)
wilikumon (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wolkōmen

Low German: Willkamen

Compound of wili- from wela and kumo. Akin to Old English wilcuma, wilcume; Old High German wilikumo.


alowaldo

alowaldo (nominative singular)
alowaldon (nominative plural)
alowaldun (nominative plural)
alowaldan (nominative plural)
alowaldon (accusative singular)
alowaldan (accusative singular)
alowaldon (accusative plural)
alowaldun (accusative plural)
alowaldan (accusative plural)
alowalden (genitive singular)
alowaldan (genitive singular)
alowaldon (genitive singular)
alowaldono (genitive plural)
alowalden (dative singular)
alowaldan (dative singular)
alowaldon (dative singular)
alowaldun (dative plural)
alowaldon (dative plural)


alowaldand

alowaldand (nominative singular)
alowaldand (nominative plural)
alowaldand (accusative singular)
alowaldand (accusative plural)
alowaldandes (genitive singular)
alowaldandō (genitive plural)
alowaldande (dative singular)
alowaldandum (dative plural)
alowaldand (nominative singular)
alowaldandos (nominative plural)
alowaldand (accusative singular)
alowaldandos (accusative plural)
alowaldandes (genitive singular)
alowaldandō (genitive plural)
alowaldande (dative singular)
alowaldandum (dative plural)

From alo- + waldan. Cognate with Old English eallwealdende.


baluwerk

baluwerk (nominative singular)
baluwerk (nominative plural)
baluwerk (accusative singular)
baluwerk (accusative plural)
baluwerkes (genitive singular)
baluwerkō (genitive plural)
baluwerke (dative singular)
baluwerkun (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *balwawerk. Equivalent to balu- + werk. Cognate with Old English bealuweorc.


waldad

waldād (canonical feminine)
waldād (nominative singular)
waldādi (nominative plural)
waldād (accusative singular)
waldādi (accusative plural)
waldādi (genitive singular)
waldādiō (genitive plural)
waldādi (dative singular)
waldādium (dative plural)


baludad

baludād (canonical feminine)
baludād (nominative singular)
baludādi (nominative plural)
baludād (accusative singular)
baludādi (accusative plural)
baludādi (genitive singular)
baludādiō (genitive plural)
baludādi (dative singular)
baludādium (dative plural)

From balu- + dad. Compare Old English bealudǣd.


baluspraka

balusprāka (canonical feminine)
balusprāka (nominative singular)
balusprāka (nominative plural)
balusprāka (accusative singular)
balusprāka (accusative plural)
balusprākō (genitive singular)
balusprākanō (genitive plural)
balusprāku (dative singular)
balusprākum (dative plural)


baluwiso

baluwīso (canonical masculine)
baluwīso (nominative singular)
baluwīson (nominative plural)
baluwīsun (nominative plural)
baluwīsan (nominative plural)
baluwīson (accusative singular)
baluwīsan (accusative singular)
baluwīson (accusative plural)
baluwīsun (accusative plural)
baluwīsan (accusative plural)
baluwīsen (genitive singular)
baluwīsan (genitive singular)
baluwīson (genitive singular)
baluwīsono (genitive plural)
baluwīsen (dative singular)
baluwīsan (dative singular)
baluwīson (dative singular)
baluwīsun (dative plural)
baluwīson (dative plural)


baluwiti

baluwīti (canonical neuter)
baluwīti (nominative singular)
baluwīti (nominative plural)
baluwīti (accusative singular)
baluwīti (accusative plural)
baluwīties (genitive singular)
baluwītiō (genitive plural)
baluwītie (dative singular)
baluwītium (dative plural)


balusuht

balusuht (nominative singular)
balusuhti (nominative plural)
balusuht (accusative singular)
balusuhti (accusative plural)
balusuhti (genitive singular)
balusuhtiō (genitive plural)
balusuhti (dative singular)
balusuhtium (dative plural)


brahtum

brahtum (nominative singular)
brahtmos (nominative plural)
brahtum (accusative singular)
brahtmos (accusative plural)
brahtmes (genitive singular)
brahtmō (genitive plural)
brahtme (dative singular)
brahtmum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *brahtm. Cognate with Old English breahtm.


galdar

galdar (nominative singular)
galdar (nominative plural)
galdar (accusative singular)
galdar (accusative plural)
galdres (genitive singular)
galdrō (genitive plural)
galdre (dative singular)
galdrum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *galdr (“magical song, incantation”).


meginkraft

meginkrafta (nominative singular)
meginkrafta (nominative plural)
meginkrafta (accusative singular)
meginkrafta (accusative plural)
meginkraftō (genitive singular)
meginkraftanō (genitive plural)
meginkraftu (dative singular)
meginkraftum (dative plural)
meginkraft (nominative singular)
meginkrefti (nominative plural)
meginkraft (accusative singular)
meginkrefti (accusative plural)
meginkrefti (genitive singular)
meginkreftiō (genitive plural)
meginkrefti (dative singular)
meginkreftium (dative plural)

From megin- + kraft. Cognate with Old English mægencræft.

mit megincraftu rakud arihtid

The building erected with huge strength (Heliand, verse 4277)


nith

nīth (canonical masculine)
nīth (nominative singular)
nīthos (nominative plural)
nīth (accusative singular)
nīthos (accusative plural)
nīthes (genitive singular)
nīthō (genitive plural)
nīthe (dative singular)
nīthum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: nît

German Low German: Nied

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *nīþ, from Proto-Germanic *nīþą. Cognate with Old English nīþ, Old Dutch nīth, Old High German nīd (German Neid), Old Norse níð (regional Swedish nid), Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 (neiþ). Compare the Old Norse níðingur.


gumo

From Proto-West Germanic *gumō. See also Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma).


helmgitrostio

helmgitrōstio (canonical masculine)
helmgitrōstio (nominative singular)
helmgitrōstion (nominative plural)
helmgitrōstiun (nominative plural)
helmgitrōstian (nominative plural)
helmgitrōstion (accusative singular)
helmgitrōstian (accusative singular)
helmgitrōstion (accusative plural)
helmgitrōstiun (accusative plural)
helmgitrōstian (accusative plural)
helmgitrōstien (genitive singular)
helmgitrōstian (genitive singular)
helmgitrōstion (genitive singular)
helmgitrōstiono (genitive plural)
helmgitrōstien (dative singular)
helmgitrōstian (dative singular)
helmgitrōstion (dative singular)
helmgitrōstiun (dative plural)
helmgitrōstion (dative plural)

From helm (“helm”) + *gitrōstio. The second element is a derivate of gitrōst, which in turn derives from Proto-Germanic *traustą (“help, aid”).


helith

helith (nominative singular)
helithos (nominative plural)
helith (accusative singular)
helithos (accusative plural)
helithes (genitive singular)
helithō (genitive plural)
helithe (dative singular)
helithum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: helt

German Low German: Held

→ Danish: helt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: helt

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: helt

→ Swedish: hjälte

From Proto-West Germanic *haliþ, from Proto-Germanic *haliþaz.


dwalm

dwalm (nominative singular)
dwalmos (nominative plural)
dwalm (accusative singular)
dwalmos (accusative plural)
dwalmes (genitive singular)
dwalmō (genitive plural)
dwalme (dative singular)
dwalmum (dative plural)

From or related to Proto-Germanic *dwalaz (“confused, stunned”). Cognate with Old English dwolma.


helliwiti

helliwīti (canonical neuter)
helliwīti (nominative singular)
helliwīti (nominative plural)
helliwīti (accusative singular)
helliwīti (accusative plural)
helliwīties (genitive singular)
helliwītiō (genitive plural)
helliwītie (dative singular)
helliwītium (dative plural)

From hel + wīti. Compare Old English hellewite, Swedish helvete.

(Christianity) eternal punishment, hell-torment


firinspraka

firinsprāka (canonical feminine)
firinsprāka (nominative singular)
firinsprāka (nominative plural)
firinsprāka (accusative singular)
firinsprāka (accusative plural)
firinsprākō (genitive singular)
firinsprākanō (genitive plural)
firinsprāku (dative singular)
firinsprākum (dative plural)

From firina (“sin, crime”) + sprāka (“speech”).


firina

firina (nominative singular)
firina (nominative plural)
firina (accusative singular)
firina (accusative plural)
firinō (genitive singular)
firinanō (genitive plural)
firinu (dative singular)
firinum (dative plural)


thuring

thuring (nominative singular)
thuringos (nominative plural)
thuring (accusative singular)
thuringos (accusative plural)
thuringes (genitive singular)
thuringō (genitive plural)
thuringe (dative singular)
thuringum (dative plural)


giwitt

giwitt (nominative singular)
giwitt (nominative plural)
giwitt (accusative singular)
giwitt (accusative plural)
giwitties (genitive singular)
giwittiō (genitive plural)
giwittie (dative singular)
giwittium (dative plural)

From gi- + witt. Cognate with Old English ġewitt, Old High German giwizzi.


thuner

thuner (nominative singular)
thuneros (nominative plural)
thuner (accusative singular)
thuneros (accusative plural)
thuneres (genitive singular)
thunerō (genitive plural)
thunere (dative singular)
thunerum (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: dunner, donner, donder, dōner


wodanesdag

Middle Low German: wōdensdach, gūdenesdach, gūdensdach, gunsdach, gudesdach, gūdenesdach, gūdenstach, gūnstach, kudensdach, wodenesdach, wodensdach, woensdach, wōnesdach, wōnsdach, wūnsdach

Low German: Goonsdag, Godenstag, Gonstag, Gaunstag, Gunstag

Dutch Low Saxon: woensdag, woonsdag, wonsdag

German Low German: Woonsdag

→ German: Wodenstag (archaic), Wotanstag (learned calque)

From Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag (“day of Woden”).


mudspelli

mūdspelli (canonical neuter)
mūdspelli (nominative singular)
mūdspelli (nominative plural)
mūdspelli (accusative singular)
mūdspelli (accusative plural)
mūdspellies (genitive singular)
mūdspelliō (genitive plural)
mūdspellie (dative singular)
mūdspellium (dative plural)

The ultimate origin is disputed, but one suggestion includes Latin mundus (“world”) + Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną (“to kill, ruin, murder”), thus meaning "destruction of the world." More at Muspilli.
Compare Old High German muspilli, Old Norse Muspell.


brudigumo

Middle Low German: brûdegam, brȫdegam

desc

German Low German: Brödigam, Brögam, Brüdigam, Brügam

Plautdietsch: Briegaum

From Proto-Germanic *brūdigumô. Equivalent to brūd + gumo.


sinhiwun

sinhīwun (canonical neuter)
sinhīwa (nominative singular)
sinhīwon (nominative plural)
sinhīwun (nominative plural)
sinhīwan (nominative plural)
sinhīwa (accusative singular)
sinhīwon (accusative plural)
sinhīwun (accusative plural)
sinhīwan (accusative plural)
sinhīwen (genitive singular)
sinhīwan (genitive singular)
sinhīwon (genitive singular)
sinhīwono (genitive plural)
sinhīwen (dative singular)
sinhīwan (dative singular)
sinhīwon (dative singular)
sinhīwun (dative plural)
sinhīwon (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic [Term?]; equivalent to sin- (“eternal”) + *hīwun (“family, married couple”). Compare Old High German sinhīwun (“married couple”), Old Frisian sinhīgen, Old English sinhīwscipe.


uhtfugal

ūhtfugal (canonical masculine)
ūhtfugal (nominative singular)
ūhtfuglos (nominative plural)
ūhtfugal (accusative singular)
ūhtfuglos (accusative plural)
ūhtfugles (genitive singular)
ūhtfuglō (genitive plural)
ūhtfugle (dative singular)
ūhtfuglum (dative plural)

From ūhta (“morning”) + fugal (“bird”), thus literally "bird of the morning".

Nahida moragan an allara seliða gihwuuem. Uhtfugal sang fora daga huoam (=dagahruoma?)

The morning drew near to every dwelling. The bird of the morning sang before (the break of dawn?)


meneth

mēnēth (nominative singular)
mēnēthos (nominative plural)
mēnēth (accusative singular)
mēnēthos (accusative plural)
mēnēthes (genitive singular)
mēnēthō (genitive plural)
mēnēthe (dative singular)
mēnēthum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: mênêt, meineit

German Low German: Meeneed


ekhorno

desc

Middle Low German: êkhōrn, êkhōrne, eikhōrne, êkhorn, êkōrn, eikōrn, êkōrne, echhorne

⇒ Dutch Low Saxon: Eekhoorntje

German Low German: Eekhoorn, Ekkern

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch: Aik, Aikern

Sauerländisch: Ēksken, Aikerte

From Proto-West Germanic *aikwernō, from Proto-Germanic *aikwernô.


wivil

wivil (nominative singular)
wivlos (nominative plural)
wivil (accusative singular)
wivlos (accusative plural)
wivles (genitive singular)
wivlō (genitive plural)
wivle (dative singular)
wivlum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wevel, wêvel

→ Swedish: vivel


hlus

Middle Low German: lūs, lǖsch

Uncertain. An ancestor Proto-West Germanic *lisku (“sedge”) has been proposed; see French laîche for details. Compare Middle Dutch luusch, Old High German liska.


netila

aha (nominative singular)
aha (nominative plural)
aha (accusative singular)
aha (accusative plural)
ahō (genitive singular)
ahanō (genitive plural)
ahu (dative singular)
ahum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: nêtele, nettele, nettel

German Low German:

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Nettel, Nöttel

East Westphalian: Niedel (Ravensberg), Nettel (Lippe)

South Westphalian: Niëdel (Dortmund)

Sauerländisch: Nietel, Nettel (Wenden)

Dutch Low Saxon:

Twents: nettel

→ Danish: nelde, nælde

→ Norwegian: nesle, netla, nesla, natla

→ Old Swedish: nætla

Swedish: nässla, nättla, nälla

→ Scanian: nælla


helitho barn

From helith + barn, possibly from a Proto-West Germanic *haliþō barnu with cognate Old English hæleþa bearn and a potential parallel in Old Norse hǫlda synir.


firiho barn

From firihos + barn, possibly from a Proto-West Germanic *firhwijō barnu with cognate Old English fíra bearn and a potential parallel in Old Norse fíra synir.

(plural only, poetic) sons of men, mankind


makies eggia

From māki + eggia. Has a parallel in Old English mǣċes eċġ, possibly stemming from Proto-West Germanic *mākijas aggju, with an analog in Old Norse mækis egg. Compare swerdes eggia.


manno barn

From mann + barn, possibly from a Proto-West Germanic *mannō barnu with cognate Old English manna bearn and a potential parallel in Old Norse manna synir.


swerdes eggia

From swerd + eggia. Has a parallel in Old English sweordes eċġ, possibly stemming from Proto-West Germanic *swerdas aggju. Compare mākies eggia.


thiorna

Middle Low German: dêrne

German Low German: Deern

→ German: Deern

desctree

→ Old Norse: þerna
Icelandic: þerna
Faroese: terna
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: terne m or f
Norwegian Nynorsk: terne f
Old Swedish: thærna
Swedish: tärna c
Danish: tærne
→? Middle English: therne, thierne, tharne, tarne
>? English: tern, tarn


hovidmann

German Low German: Hööftmann


henginna

henginna (nominative singular)
henginna (nominative plural)
henginna (accusative singular)
henginna (accusative plural)
henginna (genitive singular)
henginnu (genitive singular)
henginno (genitive singular)
henginnono (genitive plural)
henginnu (dative singular)
henginno (dative singular)
henginna (dative singular)
henginnon (dative plural)
henginnum (dative plural)
henginnun (dative plural)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hangini; compare Old English henġen.


kussin

kussīn (canonical neuter)
kussīn (nominative singular)
kussīn (nominative plural)
kussīn (accusative singular)
kussīn (accusative plural)
kussīnes (genitive singular)
kussīnō (genitive plural)
kussīne (dative singular)
kussīnun (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: küssen, kuzen, cyssen, kößen

German Low German: Küssen

Plautdietsch: Kjessen

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kussīn, from Late Latin coxīnus. Compare Middle Dutch cussen. Old Frisian kessen, Old High German kussīn.


abdiska

abdiska (nominative singular)
abdiskun (nominative plural)
abdiskan (nominative plural)
abdiskon (nominative plural)
abdiskun (accusative singular)
abdiskan (accusative singular)
abdiskon (accusative singular)
abdiskun (accusative plural)
abdiskan (accusative plural)
abdiskon (accusative plural)
abdiskun (genitive singular)
abdiskan (genitive singular)
abdiskon (genitive singular)
abdiskono (genitive plural)
abdiskun (dative singular)
abdiskan (dative singular)
abdiskon (dative singular)
abdiskun (dative plural)
abdiskan (dative plural)
abdiskon (dative plural)

Middle Low German: abbadisse, abdisse

From Latin abbātissa. Compare with Old High German abbatissa.

ende thero abdiſcon
And to the abbess (Freckenhorster Heberegister, 24)


ethstaf

ēthstaf (nominative singular)
ēthstava (nominative plural)
ēthstaf (accusative singular)
ēthstava (accusative plural)
ēthstavō (genitive singular)
ēthstavanō (genitive plural)
ēthstavu (dative singular)
ēthstavum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: eitstevere


andwlitti

andwlitti (nominative singular)
andwlitti (nominative plural)
andwlitti (accusative singular)
andwlitti (accusative plural)
andwlitties (genitive singular)
andwlittiō (genitive plural)
andwlittie (dative singular)
andwlittium (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *andawliti, from Proto-Germanic *andawlitją.


athal

athal (nominative singular)
athal (nominative plural)
athal (accusative singular)
athal (accusative plural)
athales (genitive singular)
athalō (genitive plural)
athale (dative singular)
athalun (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *aþuli, from Proto-Germanic *aþulijaz. Cognate with Old High German adal (German edel), Old Norse aðall.


bivar

bivar (nominative singular)
bivar (nominative plural)
bivar (accusative singular)
bivar (accusative plural)
bivar (genitive singular)
bivarō (genitive plural)
bivar (dative singular)
bivarum (dative plural)
bivar (nominative singular)
bivros (nominative plural)
bivar (accusative singular)
bivros (accusative plural)
bivres (genitive singular)
bivrō (genitive plural)
bivre (dative singular)
bivrum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *bebru, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus (“beaver”), derived from the root *bʰerH- (“brown”).


kuningdom

kuningdōm (nominative singular)
kuningdōmos (nominative plural)
kuningdōm (accusative singular)
kuningdōmos (accusative plural)
kuningdōmes (genitive singular)
kuningdōmō (genitive plural)
kuningdōme (dative singular)
kuningdōmum (dative plural)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kuningadōm, from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz, equivalent to kuning + -dōm.


avunst

avunst (nominative singular)
avunsti (nominative plural)
avunst (accusative singular)
avunsti (accusative plural)
avunsti (genitive singular)
avunstiō (genitive plural)
avunsti (dative singular)
avunstium (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *abunsti, from Proto-Germanic *abundiz.


friuthil

friuthil (nominative singular)
friuthlos (nominative plural)
friuthil (accusative singular)
friuthlos (accusative plural)
friuthles (genitive singular)
friuthlō (genitive plural)
friuthle (dative singular)
friuthlum (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: vrîdel, vrēdel, vridel


lothar

lōthar (nominative singular)
lōthar (nominative plural)
lōthar (accusative singular)
lōthar (accusative plural)
lōthares (genitive singular)
lōtharō (genitive plural)
lōthare (dative singular)
lōtharun (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *lauþr, from Proto-Germanic *lauþrą (“that which is used for washing, lye soap”).


lioth

lioth (nominative singular)
lioth (nominative plural)
lioth (accusative singular)
lioth (accusative plural)
liothes (genitive singular)
liothō (genitive plural)
liothe (dative singular)
liothun (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *leuþą, from Proto-Indo-European *lěu-.


jukil

jukil (nominative singular)
jukilos (nominative plural)
jukil (accusative singular)
jukilos (accusative plural)
jukiles (genitive singular)
jukilō (genitive plural)
jukile (dative singular)
jukilum (dative plural)

gl

Middle Low German: jȫkel, jekel, jokel, jöckel, jockel, jȫkele, jokele, jöckele, jockele, jukel m or f (merged with descendant of Old Saxon ihilla, ichilla f)

Low German: Jäkel

→ West Frisian: jûkel

→ Dutch: jeukel (dialectal)

From Proto-West Germanic *jikil, *jekul, from Proto-Germanic *jekulaz, *jikilaz (“icicle”).


bokstaf

bōkstaf (canonical masculine)
bōkstaf (nominative singular)
bōkstafos (nominative plural)
bōkstaf (accusative singular)
bōkstafos (accusative plural)
bōkstafes (genitive singular)
bōkstafō (genitive plural)
bōkstafe (dative singular)
bōkstafum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *bōkstab, from Proto-Germanic *bōkstabaz, equivalent to bōk + staf. Compare English bookstaff, bookstave.


wihhileo

wīhhileo (nominative singular)
wīhhileon (nominative plural)
wīhhileun (nominative plural)
wīhhilean (nominative plural)
wīhhileon (accusative singular)
wīhhilean (accusative singular)
wīhhileon (accusative plural)
wīhhileun (accusative plural)
wīhhilean (accusative plural)
wīhhileen (genitive singular)
wīhhilean (genitive singular)
wīhhileon (genitive singular)
wīhhileono (genitive plural)
wīhhileen (dative singular)
wīhhilean (dative singular)
wīhhileon (dative singular)
wīhhileun (dative plural)
wīhhileon (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *wikkō (“necromancer, sorcerer”).

inh

A (male) witch; warlock; magician; sorcerer; wizard; spellcaster


bokstabo

bōkstabo (canonical masculine)
bōkstabo (nominative singular)
bōkstabon (nominative plural)
bōkstabun (nominative plural)
bōkstaban (nominative plural)
bōkstabon (accusative singular)
bōkstaban (accusative singular)
bōkstabon (accusative plural)
bōkstabun (accusative plural)
bōkstaban (accusative plural)
bōkstaben (genitive singular)
bōkstaban (genitive singular)
bōkstabon (genitive singular)
bōkstabono (genitive plural)
bōkstaben (dative singular)
bōkstaban (dative singular)
bōkstabon (dative singular)
bōkstabun (dative plural)
bōkstabon (dative plural)


eosago

ēosago (canonical masculine)
ēosago (nominative singular)
ēosagon (nominative plural)
ēosagun (nominative plural)
ēosagan (nominative plural)
ēosagon (accusative singular)
ēosagan (accusative singular)
ēosagon (accusative plural)
ēosagun (accusative plural)
ēosagan (accusative plural)
ēosagen (genitive singular)
ēosagan (genitive singular)
ēosagon (genitive singular)
ēosagono (genitive plural)
ēosagen (dative singular)
ēosagan (dative singular)
ēosagon (dative singular)
ēosagun (dative plural)
ēosagon (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *aiwasagō. By surface analysis, ēo (“law”) + seggian (“to say”) + -o (“agent noun suffix”).


egitha

egitha (nominative singular)
egithun (nominative plural)
egithan (nominative plural)
egithon (nominative plural)
egithun (accusative singular)
egithan (accusative singular)
egithon (accusative singular)
egithun (accusative plural)
egithan (accusative plural)
egithon (accusative plural)
egithun (genitive singular)
egithan (genitive singular)
egithon (genitive singular)
egithono (genitive plural)
egithun (dative singular)
egithan (dative singular)
egithon (dative singular)
egithun (dative plural)
egithan (dative plural)
egithon (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *agiþā, from Proto-Germanic *agiþō.