stigan

stīgan (canonical)
stīgan (infinitive)
stīgu (first-person present singular)
stēh (first-person past singular)
stēg (first-person past singular)
stīgis (present second-person singular)
stigi (past second-person singular)
stīgid (present singular third-person)
stēh (past singular third-person)
stēg (past singular third-person)
stīgad (plural present)
stigun (past plural)
stīge (first-person present singular)
stigi (first-person past singular)
stīges (present second-person singular)
stigis (past second-person singular)
stīge (present singular third-person)
stigi (past singular third-person)
stīgen (plural present)
stigin (past plural)
stīg (present singular)
stīgandi (present)
gistigan (past)
stigan (past)

Low German: stiegen


skal

first-person present indicative of skulan

third-person present indicative of skulan


ed-

From Proto-West Germanic *id-, from Proto-Germanic *idi- (“back, backwards, again”). Related to idug-.

inh

edwindan "to hurl, precipitate"

forming words with sense of "against", "backwards"


mikil

osx-adj

mikil (comparative mēro, superlative mēst)

mēro (comparative)
mēst (superlative)
mikil (masculine nominative singular strong)
mikle (masculine nominative plural strong)
mikil (neuter nominative singular strong)
mikle (neuter nominative plural strong)
mikil (feminine nominative singular strong)
miklu (feminine nominative plural strong)
miklana (accusative masculine singular strong)
mikle (accusative masculine plural strong)
mikil (accusative neuter singular strong)
mikle (accusative neuter plural strong)
mikla (accusative feminine singular strong)
miklu (accusative feminine plural strong)
mikles (genitive masculine singular strong)
miklarō (genitive masculine plural strong)
mikles (genitive neuter singular strong)
miklarō (genitive neuter plural strong)
miklaro (feminine genitive singular strong)
miklarō (feminine genitive plural strong)
miklumu (dative masculine singular strong)
miklum (dative masculine plural strong)
miklumu (dative neuter singular strong)
miklum (dative neuter plural strong)
miklaro (dative feminine singular strong)
miklum (dative feminine plural strong)
miklo (masculine nominative singular weak)
miklu (masculine nominative plural weak)
mikla (neuter nominative singular weak)
miklu (neuter nominative plural weak)
mikla (feminine nominative singular weak)
miklu (feminine nominative plural weak)
miklun (accusative masculine singular weak)
miklun (accusative masculine plural weak)
mikla (accusative neuter singular weak)
miklun (accusative neuter plural weak)
miklun (accusative feminine singular weak)
miklun (accusative feminine plural weak)
miklun (genitive masculine singular weak)
miklonō (genitive masculine plural weak)
miklun (genitive neuter singular weak)
miklonō (genitive neuter plural weak)
miklun (feminine genitive singular weak)
miklonō (feminine genitive plural weak)
miklun (dative masculine singular weak)
miklum (dative masculine plural weak)
miklun (dative neuter singular weak)
miklum (dative neuter plural weak)
miklun (dative feminine singular weak)
miklum (dative feminine plural weak)
mēro (comparative masculine nominative singular)
mēru (comparative masculine nominative plural)
mēra (comparative neuter nominative singular)
mēru (comparative neuter nominative plural)
mēra (comparative feminine nominative singular)
mēru (comparative feminine nominative plural)
mērun (accusative comparative masculine singular)
mērun (accusative comparative masculine plural)
mēra (accusative comparative neuter singular)
mērun (accusative comparative neuter plural)
mērun (accusative comparative feminine singular)
mērun (accusative comparative feminine plural)
mērun (comparative genitive masculine singular)
mēronō (comparative genitive masculine plural)
mērun (comparative genitive neuter singular)
mēronō (comparative genitive neuter plural)
mērun (comparative feminine genitive singular)
mēronō (comparative feminine genitive plural)
mērun (comparative dative masculine singular)
mērum (comparative dative masculine plural)
mērun (comparative dative neuter singular)
mērum (comparative dative neuter plural)
mērun (comparative dative feminine singular)
mērum (comparative dative feminine plural)
mēst (masculine nominative singular strong superlative)
mēste (masculine nominative plural strong superlative)
mēst (neuter nominative singular strong superlative)
mēste (neuter nominative plural strong superlative)
mēst (feminine nominative singular strong superlative)
mēstu (feminine nominative plural strong superlative)
mēstana (accusative masculine singular strong superlative)
mēste (accusative masculine plural strong superlative)
mēst (accusative neuter singular strong superlative)
mēste (accusative neuter plural strong superlative)
mēsta (accusative feminine singular strong superlative)
mēstu (accusative feminine plural strong superlative)
mēstes (genitive masculine singular strong superlative)
mēstarō (genitive masculine plural strong superlative)
mēstes (genitive neuter singular strong superlative)
mēstarō (genitive neuter plural strong superlative)
mēstaro (feminine genitive singular strong superlative)
mēstarō (feminine genitive plural strong superlative)
mēstumu (dative masculine singular strong superlative)
mēstum (dative masculine plural strong superlative)
mēstumu (dative neuter singular strong superlative)
mēstum (dative neuter plural strong superlative)
mēstaro (dative feminine singular strong superlative)
mēstum (dative feminine plural strong superlative)
mēsto (masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
mēstu (masculine nominative plural superlative weak)
mēsta (neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
mēstu (neuter nominative plural superlative weak)
mēsta (feminine nominative singular superlative weak)
mēstu (feminine nominative plural superlative weak)
mēstun (accusative masculine singular superlative weak)
mēstun (accusative masculine plural superlative weak)
mēsta (accusative neuter singular superlative weak)
mēstun (accusative neuter plural superlative weak)
mēstun (accusative feminine singular superlative weak)
mēstun (accusative feminine plural superlative weak)
mēstun (genitive masculine singular superlative weak)
mēstonō (genitive masculine plural superlative weak)
mēstun (genitive neuter singular superlative weak)
mēstonō (genitive neuter plural superlative weak)
mēstun (feminine genitive singular superlative weak)
mēstonō (feminine genitive plural superlative weak)
mēstun (dative masculine singular superlative weak)
mēstum (dative masculine plural superlative weak)
mēstun (dative neuter singular superlative weak)
mēstum (dative neuter plural superlative weak)
mēstun (dative feminine singular superlative weak)
mēstum (dative feminine plural superlative weak)

Middle Low German: mēkel, mikel, michel

⇒ Middle Low German: Mēkelenborch

German Low German: Mękelnborg

→ German: Mecklenburg, Meklenburg , Meckelnburg, Mekelnburg, Meckelenburg


skalt

second-person present indicative of skulan


sigan

sīgan (canonical)
sīgan (infinitive)
sīgu (first-person present singular)
sēg (first-person past singular)
sēh (first-person past singular)
sīgis (present second-person singular)
sigi (past second-person singular)
sīgid (present singular third-person)
sēg (past singular third-person)
sēh (past singular third-person)
sīgad (plural present)
sigun (past plural)
sīge (first-person present singular)
sigi (first-person past singular)
sīges (present second-person singular)
sigis (past second-person singular)
sīge (present singular third-person)
sigi (past singular third-person)
sīgen (plural present)
sigin (past plural)
sīg (present singular)
sīgandi (present)
gisigan (past)
sigan (past)


ferian

ferian (infinitive)
feriu (first-person present singular)
ferda (first-person past singular)
feris (present second-person singular)
ferdes (past second-person singular)
ferid (present singular third-person)
ferda (past singular third-person)
feriad (plural present)
ferdun (past plural)
ferie (first-person present singular)
ferdi (first-person past singular)
feries (present second-person singular)
ferdis (past second-person singular)
ferie (present singular third-person)
ferdi (past singular third-person)
ferien (plural present)
ferdin (past plural)
feri (present singular)
feriandi (present)
giferid (past)
ferid (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *farjan, from Proto-Germanic *farjaną. Cognate with Old English ferian, Old Norse erja, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (farjan).


lihan

līhan (canonical)
līhan (infinitive)
līhu (first-person present singular)
lēh (first-person past singular)
līhis (present second-person singular)
lihi (past second-person singular)
līhid (present singular third-person)
lēh (past singular third-person)
līhad (plural present)
lihun (past plural)
līhe (first-person present singular)
lihi (first-person past singular)
līhes (present second-person singular)
lihis (past second-person singular)
līhe (present singular third-person)
lihi (past singular third-person)
līhen (plural present)
lihin (past plural)
līh (present singular)
līhandi (present)
gilihan (past)
lihan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *līhwan. Cognate with Old High German lihan (German leihen).


radan

rādan (canonical)
rādan (infinitive)
rādu (first-person present singular)
rēd (first-person past singular)
rādis (present second-person singular)
rēdi (past second-person singular)
rādid (present singular third-person)
rēd (past singular third-person)
rādad (plural present)
rēdun (past plural)
rāde (first-person present singular)
rēdi (first-person past singular)
rādes (present second-person singular)
rēdis (past second-person singular)
rāde (present singular third-person)
rēdi (past singular third-person)
rāden (plural present)
rēdin (past plural)
rād (present singular)
rādandi (present)
girādan (past)
rādan (past)

Low German: raden

From Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise”).


eron

ēron (canonical)
ēron (infinitive)
ēron (first-person present singular)
ēroda (first-person past singular)
ēros (present second-person singular)
ērodes (past second-person singular)
ērod (present singular third-person)
ēroda (past singular third-person)
ēriod (plural present)
ērodun (past plural)
ēro (first-person present singular)
ērodi (first-person past singular)
ērodis (past second-person singular)
ēro (present singular third-person)
ērodi (past singular third-person)
ērion (plural present)
ērodin (past plural)
ēro (present singular)
ērondi (present)
giērod (past)
ērod (past)


kinan

kīnan (canonical)
kīnan (infinitive)
kīnu (first-person present singular)
kēn (first-person past singular)
kīnis (present second-person singular)
kini (past second-person singular)
kīnid (present singular third-person)
kēn (past singular third-person)
kīnad (plural present)
kinun (past plural)
kīne (first-person present singular)
kini (first-person past singular)
kīnes (present second-person singular)
kinis (past second-person singular)
kīne (present singular third-person)
kini (past singular third-person)
kīnen (plural present)
kinin (past plural)
kīn (present singular)
kīnandi (present)
gikinan (past)
kinan (past)

From Proto-Germanic *kīnaną, whence also Old English cīnan and Old High German chīnan.


armon

armōn (canonical)
armon (infinitive)
armon (first-person present singular)
armoda (first-person past singular)
armos (present second-person singular)
armodes (past second-person singular)
armod (present singular third-person)
armoda (past singular third-person)
armiod (plural present)
armodun (past plural)
armo (first-person present singular)
armodi (first-person past singular)
armodis (past second-person singular)
armo (present singular third-person)
armodi (past singular third-person)
armion (plural present)
armodin (past plural)
armo (present singular)
armondi (present)
giarmod (past)
armod (past)


munan

munan (infinitive)
man (first-person present singular)
munsta (first-person past singular)
manst (present second-person singular)
munstes (past second-person singular)
man (present singular third-person)
munsta (past singular third-person)
munun (plural present)
munstun (past plural)
muni (first-person present singular)
munsti (first-person past singular)
munis (present second-person singular)
munstis (past second-person singular)
muni (present singular third-person)
munsti (past singular third-person)
munin (plural present)
munstin (past plural)
munandi (present)

From Proto-Germanic *munaną. Cognate with Old English gemunan. See also farmunan.


sorga

sorga (nominative singular)
sorga (nominative plural)
sorga (accusative singular)
sorga (accusative plural)
sorgō (genitive singular)
sorganō (genitive plural)
sorgu (dative singular)
sorgum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: sorge

desc

Low German: Sorge, Soarge, Suarge, Suare, Sōerje (all Westphalian)

Plautdietsch: Sorj

From Proto-West Germanic *sorgu, from Proto-Germanic *surgō (“worry, anxiety”). Akin to Old English sorg.


skina

skina (nominative singular)
skina (nominative plural)
skina (accusative singular)
skina (accusative plural)
skina (genitive singular)
skinu (genitive singular)
skino (genitive singular)
skinono (genitive plural)
skinu (dative singular)
skino (dative singular)
skina (dative singular)
skinon (dative plural)
skinum (dative plural)
skinun (dative plural)

Middle Low German: schēne

German Low German: Scheen, Schien

→ Danish: skinne

→ Norwegian: skinne, skina

→ Swedish: skena

From Proto-West Germanic *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō.
Cognate with Old English sċinu (English shin), Dutch scheen, Old High German scina (German Schiene (“thin plate”)), and Portuguese esquina


boka

bōka (canonical feminine)
bōka (nominative singular)
bōka (nominative plural)
bōka (accusative singular)
bōka (accusative plural)
bōkō (genitive singular)
bōkanō (genitive plural)
bōku (dative singular)
bōkum (dative plural)
bōka (nominative singular)
bōkun (nominative plural)
bōkan (nominative plural)
bōkon (nominative plural)
bōkun (accusative singular)
bōkan (accusative singular)
bōkon (accusative singular)
bōkun (accusative plural)
bōkan (accusative plural)
bōkon (accusative plural)
bōkun (genitive singular)
bōkan (genitive singular)
bōkon (genitive singular)
bōkono (genitive plural)
bōkun (dative singular)
bōkan (dative singular)
bōkon (dative singular)
bōkun (dative plural)
bōkan (dative plural)
bōkon (dative plural)

Middle Low German: bôke

Low German: Böök, Böke

Dutch Low Saxon: beuk

→ Dutch: beuk

is bocan skinan hedro fon himiles tunglun

His beeches were shining serenely at the stars in the sky (Heliand, verse 600)


inka

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
thū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
me (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ina (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
imu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mīn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
wit (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
git (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unkero (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
unka (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
inker (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
inka (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
wī (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
we (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ge (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (masculine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (feminine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (neuter nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
unsik (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (accusative masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (accusative neuter personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
im (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwero (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwera (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)


rukan

rūkan (canonical)
rūkan (infinitive)
rūku (first-person present singular)
rōk (first-person past singular)
rūkis (present second-person singular)
ruki (past second-person singular)
rūkid (present singular third-person)
rōk (past singular third-person)
rūkad (plural present)
rukun (past plural)
rūke (first-person present singular)
ruki (first-person past singular)
rūkes (present second-person singular)
rukis (past second-person singular)
rūke (present singular third-person)
ruki (past singular third-person)
rūken (plural present)
rukin (past plural)
rūk (present singular)
rūkandi (present)
girokan (past)
rokan (past)

Middle Low German: ruken

Low German: rüken

→ West Frisian: rûke

From Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.


sakan

sakan (infinitive)
saku (first-person present singular)
sōk (first-person past singular)
sekis (present second-person singular)
sōki (past second-person singular)
sekid (present singular third-person)
sōk (past singular third-person)
sakad (plural present)
sōkun (past plural)
sake (first-person present singular)
sōki (first-person past singular)
sakes (present second-person singular)
sōkis (past second-person singular)
sake (present singular third-person)
sōki (past singular third-person)
saken (plural present)
sōkin (past plural)
sak (present singular)
sakandi (present)
gisakan (past)
sakan (past)

Low German: saken

From Proto-West Germanic *sakan, from Proto-Germanic *sakaną. Cognate with Old English sacan.


halon

halōn (canonical)
halon (infinitive)
halon (first-person present singular)
haloda (first-person past singular)
halos (present second-person singular)
halodes (past second-person singular)
halod (present singular third-person)
haloda (past singular third-person)
haliod (plural present)
halodun (past plural)
halo (first-person present singular)
halodi (first-person past singular)
halodis (past second-person singular)
halo (present singular third-person)
halodi (past singular third-person)
halion (plural present)
halodin (past plural)
halo (present singular)
halondi (present)
gihalod (past)
halod (past)

Middle Low German: hālen

Low German: halen

From Proto-Germanic *halōną. Cognate to Middle Dutch halen.


sivun

Low German: söven


thar

Middle Low German: dār

Low German: dor

From Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar.


af-

From Proto-Germanic *aba-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).

afgevan/afgeƀan (“to give up, surrender”)

Forming verbs and adjectives with the sense of "off", "away", "from", "out of", "away from"

afbrekan (“break down, pluck”)

afheldian (“go down, end”)


kervan

kervan (infinitive)
kirvu (first-person present singular)
karf (first-person past singular)
kirvis (present second-person singular)
kurvi (past second-person singular)
kirvid (present singular third-person)
karf (past singular third-person)
kervad (plural present)
kurvun (past plural)
kerve (first-person present singular)
kurvi (first-person past singular)
kerves (present second-person singular)
kurvis (past second-person singular)
kerve (present singular third-person)
kurvi (past singular third-person)
kerven (plural present)
kurvin (past plural)
kerf (present singular)
kirvandi (present)
gikorvan (past)
korvan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *kerban, whence also Old English ċeorfan, Old Frisian kerva, Old High German kerban.


wek

wēk (canonical)
wēk (masculine nominative singular strong)
wēke (masculine nominative plural strong)
wēka (masculine nominative plural strong)
wēk (feminine nominative singular strong)
wēka (feminine nominative plural strong)
wēk (neuter nominative singular strong)
wēk (neuter nominative plural strong)
wēka (neuter nominative plural strong)
wēkan (accusative masculine singular strong)
wēken (accusative masculine singular strong)
wēka (accusative masculine plural strong)
wēke (accusative masculine plural strong)
wēka (accusative feminine singular strong)
wēka (accusative feminine plural strong)
wēk (accusative neuter singular strong)
wēk (accusative neuter plural strong)
wēka (accusative neuter plural strong)
wēkes (genitive masculine singular strong)
wēkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wēkaro (genitive masculine plural strong)
wēkoro (genitive masculine plural strong)
wēkero (genitive masculine plural strong)
wēkara (feminine genitive singular strong)
wēkaro (feminine genitive singular strong)
wēkaro (feminine genitive plural strong)
wēkoro (feminine genitive plural strong)
wēkero (feminine genitive plural strong)
wēkes (genitive neuter singular strong)
wēkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wēkaro (genitive neuter plural strong)
wēkoro (genitive neuter plural strong)
wēkero (genitive neuter plural strong)
wēkumu (dative masculine singular strong)
wēkum (dative masculine singular strong)
wēkun (dative masculine singular strong)
wēkon (dative masculine singular strong)
wēken (dative masculine singular strong)
wēkan (dative masculine singular strong)
wēkun (dative masculine plural strong)
wēkon (dative masculine plural strong)
wēkum (dative masculine plural strong)
wēkaro (dative feminine singular strong)
wēkaru (dative feminine singular strong)
wēkara (dative feminine singular strong)
wēkun (dative feminine plural strong)
wēkon (dative feminine plural strong)
wēkumu (dative neuter singular strong)
wēkum (dative neuter singular strong)
wēkun (dative neuter singular strong)
wēkon (dative neuter singular strong)
wēken (dative neuter singular strong)
wēkan (dative neuter singular strong)
wēkun (dative neuter plural strong)
wēkon (dative neuter plural strong)
wēkum (dative neuter plural strong)
wēko (masculine nominative singular weak)
wēka (masculine nominative singular weak)
wēkon (masculine nominative plural weak)
wēkun (masculine nominative plural weak)
wēka (feminine nominative singular weak)
wēke (feminine nominative singular weak)
wēkon (feminine nominative plural weak)
wēkun (feminine nominative plural weak)
wēkan (feminine nominative plural weak)
wēka (neuter nominative singular weak)
wēke (neuter nominative singular weak)
wēkon (neuter nominative plural weak)
wēkun (neuter nominative plural weak)
wēkon (accusative masculine singular weak)
wēkan (accusative masculine singular weak)
wēkon (accusative masculine plural weak)
wēkun (accusative masculine plural weak)
wēkun (accusative feminine singular weak)
wēkon (accusative feminine singular weak)
wēkan (accusative feminine singular weak)
wēkon (accusative feminine plural weak)
wēkun (accusative feminine plural weak)
wēkan (accusative feminine plural weak)
wēka (accusative neuter singular weak)
wēke (accusative neuter singular weak)
wēkon (accusative neuter plural weak)
wēkun (accusative neuter plural weak)
wēken (genitive masculine singular weak)
wēkan (genitive masculine singular weak)
wēkono (genitive masculine plural weak)
wēkeno (genitive masculine plural weak)
wēkun (feminine genitive singular weak)
wēkan (feminine genitive singular weak)
wēken (feminine genitive singular weak)
wēkono (feminine genitive plural weak)
wēken (genitive neuter singular weak)
wēkan (genitive neuter singular weak)
wēkono (genitive neuter plural weak)
wēkeno (genitive neuter plural weak)
wēkon (dative masculine singular weak)
wēken (dative masculine singular weak)
wēkan (dative masculine singular weak)
wēkon (dative masculine plural weak)
wēkun (dative masculine plural weak)
wēkun (dative feminine singular weak)
wēkan (dative feminine singular weak)
wēkon (dative feminine plural weak)
wēkun (dative feminine plural weak)
wēkon (dative neuter singular weak)
wēken (dative neuter singular weak)
wēkan (dative neuter singular weak)
wēkon (dative neuter plural weak)
wēkun (dative neuter plural weak)

osx-decl-adj

wēk


akkar

akkar (nominative singular)
akkar (nominative plural)
akkar (accusative singular)
akkar (accusative plural)
akkar (genitive singular)
akkarō (genitive plural)
akkar (dative singular)
akkarum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: acker

Low German: Acker

Plautdietsch: Aka

From Proto-Germanic *akraz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros.


kuning

kuning (nominative singular)
kuningos (nominative plural)
kuning (accusative singular)
kuningos (accusative plural)
kuninges (genitive singular)
kuningō (genitive plural)
kuninge (dative singular)
kuningum (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig

Low German:

Dutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning

German Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig

Plautdietsch: Kjennich

→ Latgalian: kieneņš

→ Latvian: ķēniņš

→ Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig

→ West Frisian: keuning

From Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.


kalf

kalf (nominative singular)
kalviru (nominative plural)
kalf (accusative singular)
kalviru (accusative plural)
kalves (genitive singular)
kalvirō (genitive plural)
kalve (dative singular)
kalvirum (dative plural)

Low German: Kalv, Kalf


helan

helan (infinitive)
hilu (first-person present singular)
hal (first-person past singular)
hilis (present second-person singular)
hāli (past second-person singular)
hilid (present singular third-person)
hal (past singular third-person)
helad (plural present)
hālun (past plural)
hele (first-person present singular)
hāli (first-person past singular)
heles (present second-person singular)
hālis (past second-person singular)
hele (present singular third-person)
hāli (past singular third-person)
helen (plural present)
hālin (past plural)
hel (present singular)
hilandi (present)
giholan (past)
holan (past)


kalk

kalk (nominative singular)
kalkos (nominative plural)
kalk (accusative singular)
kalkos (accusative plural)
kalkes (genitive singular)
kalkō (genitive plural)
kalke (dative singular)
kalkum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: kalk, kallik

Low German: Kalk

Plautdietsch: Kaulkj

→ Latvian: kaļķis

→ Scandinavian:

Icelandic: kalk

Faroese: kálk

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: kalk

Norwegian Bokmål: kalk

Old Danish: kalk

Danish: kalk

Old Swedish: kalker

desctree

Swedish: kalk
→ Finnish: kalkki
→ Inari Sami: kalkkâ
→ Skolt Sami: kalkk
→ Northern Sami: kálka

lime (inorganic material containing calcium)


flitan

flītan (canonical)
flītan (infinitive)
flītu (first-person present singular)
flēt (first-person past singular)
flītis (present second-person singular)
fliti (past second-person singular)
flītid (present singular third-person)
flēt (past singular third-person)
flītad (plural present)
flitun (past plural)
flīte (first-person present singular)
fliti (first-person past singular)
flītes (present second-person singular)
flitis (past second-person singular)
flīte (present singular third-person)
fliti (past singular third-person)
flīten (plural present)
flitin (past plural)
flīt (present singular)
flītandi (present)
giflitan (past)
flitan (past)

Middle Low German: vlîten

German Low German: flieten


malan

Middle Low German: malen

Low German: mahlen

From Proto-West Germanic *malan, from Proto-Germanic *malaną.


runon

rūnon (infinitive)
rūnon (first-person present singular)
rūnoda (first-person past singular)
rūnos (present second-person singular)
rūnodes (past second-person singular)
rūnod (present singular third-person)
rūnoda (past singular third-person)
rūniod (plural present)
rūnodun (past plural)
rūno (first-person present singular)
rūnodi (first-person past singular)
rūnodis (past second-person singular)
rūno (present singular third-person)
rūnodi (past singular third-person)
rūnion (plural present)
rūnodin (past plural)
rūno (present singular)
rūnondi (present)
rūnod (past)


fat

fat (nominative singular)
fatu (nominative plural)
fat (accusative singular)
fatu (accusative plural)
fates (genitive singular)
fatō (genitive plural)
fate (dative singular)
fatum (dative plural)


nerian

nerian (infinitive)
neriu (first-person present singular)
nerida (first-person past singular)
neris (present second-person singular)
nerides (past second-person singular)
nerid (present singular third-person)
nerida (past singular third-person)
neriad (plural present)
neridun (past plural)
nerie (first-person present singular)
neridi (first-person past singular)
neries (present second-person singular)
neridis (past second-person singular)
nerie (present singular third-person)
neridi (past singular third-person)
nerien (plural present)
neridin (past plural)
neri (present singular)
neriandi (present)
ginerid (past)
nerid (past)

Middle Low German: nēren

Low German: nähren

From Proto-West Germanic *naʀjan. Cognate with Old English nerian, modern Dutch (ge)neren.

that kind uueldi nerean af ther nōdi

the child wanted to save himself from need. (Heliand, verse 2102)


sterro

sterro (nominative singular)
sterron (nominative plural)
sterrun (nominative plural)
sterran (nominative plural)
sterron (accusative singular)
sterran (accusative singular)
sterron (accusative plural)
sterrun (accusative plural)
sterran (accusative plural)
sterren (genitive singular)
sterran (genitive singular)
sterron (genitive singular)
sterrono (genitive plural)
sterren (dative singular)
sterran (dative singular)
sterron (dative singular)
sterrun (dative plural)
sterron (dative plural)

Middle Low German: stērne, stērn

German Low German: Steern

Plautdietsch: Stiern

→ Saterland Frisian: Stiern

From Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.

fallad sterron huit heƀentungal

The stars fall, white celestial bodies (Heliand, verse 4313)


bradan

brādan (canonical)
brādan (infinitive)
brādu (first-person present singular)
brēd (first-person past singular)
brādis (present second-person singular)
brēdi (past second-person singular)
brādid (present singular third-person)
brēd (past singular third-person)
brādad (plural present)
brēdun (past plural)
brāde (first-person present singular)
brēdi (first-person past singular)
brādes (present second-person singular)
brēdis (past second-person singular)
brāde (present singular third-person)
brēdi (past singular third-person)
brāden (plural present)
brēdin (past plural)
brād (present singular)
brādandi (present)
gibrādan (past)
brādan (past)

From Proto-Germanic *brēdaną (“to warm”).


nis

Compare a similar contraction in Old English, where it applied to the whole conjugation of wesan and thus created the verb nesan. Such contractions with a verb and the negative part *ne are frequently encountered in ancient Germanic languages, compare Old Saxon nitan, newitan (“to not know”) (from ne + witan), Old English nabban (“to not have”) (from ne + habban), nillan (“to not want”) (from ne + willan) and nesan (“to not be”) (ne + wesan).

, Heliand, verse 3935

wonders of this world: it is not the angriest deed

uundres an thesaru uueroldi: nis that uureðaro dad


riki

rīki (canonical neuter)
rīki (nominative singular)
rīki (nominative plural)
rīki (accusative singular)
rīki (accusative plural)
rīkies (genitive singular)
rīkiō (genitive plural)
rīkie (dative singular)
rīkium (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: rîch, ricke, rijke, rîk, rîke

Low German: riek

Plautdietsch: Rikj

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī (“kingdom, realm”).


riki

osx-adj

rīki (comparative rīkiro, superlative rīkist)

rīki (canonical)
rīkiro (comparative)
rīkist (superlative)
rīki (masculine nominative singular strong)
rīkie (masculine nominative plural strong)
rīkia (masculine nominative plural strong)
rīki (feminine nominative singular strong)
rīkia (feminine nominative plural strong)
rīki (neuter nominative singular strong)
rīki (neuter nominative plural strong)
rīkia (neuter nominative plural strong)
rīkian (accusative masculine singular strong)
rīkien (accusative masculine singular strong)
rīkia (accusative masculine plural strong)
rīkie (accusative masculine plural strong)
rīkia (accusative feminine singular strong)
rīkia (accusative feminine plural strong)
rīki (accusative neuter singular strong)
rīki (accusative neuter plural strong)
rīkia (accusative neuter plural strong)
rīkies (genitive masculine singular strong)
rīkias (genitive masculine singular strong)
rīkiaro (genitive masculine plural strong)
rīkioro (genitive masculine plural strong)
rīkiero (genitive masculine plural strong)
rīkiara (feminine genitive singular strong)
rīkiaro (feminine genitive singular strong)
rīkiaro (feminine genitive plural strong)
rīkioro (feminine genitive plural strong)
rīkiero (feminine genitive plural strong)
rīkies (genitive neuter singular strong)
rīkias (genitive neuter singular strong)
rīkiaro (genitive neuter plural strong)
rīkioro (genitive neuter plural strong)
rīkiero (genitive neuter plural strong)
rīkiumu (dative masculine singular strong)
rīkium (dative masculine singular strong)
rīkiun (dative masculine singular strong)
rīkion (dative masculine singular strong)
rīkien (dative masculine singular strong)
rīkian (dative masculine singular strong)
rīkiun (dative masculine plural strong)
rīkion (dative masculine plural strong)
rīkium (dative masculine plural strong)
rīkiaro (dative feminine singular strong)
rīkiaru (dative feminine singular strong)
rīkiara (dative feminine singular strong)
rīkiun (dative feminine plural strong)
rīkion (dative feminine plural strong)
rīkiumu (dative neuter singular strong)
rīkium (dative neuter singular strong)
rīkiun (dative neuter singular strong)
rīkion (dative neuter singular strong)
rīkien (dative neuter singular strong)
rīkian (dative neuter singular strong)
rīkiun (dative neuter plural strong)
rīkion (dative neuter plural strong)
rīkium (dative neuter plural strong)
rīkio (masculine nominative singular weak)
rīkia (masculine nominative singular weak)
rīkion (masculine nominative plural weak)
rīkiun (masculine nominative plural weak)
rīkia (feminine nominative singular weak)
rīkie (feminine nominative singular weak)
rīkion (feminine nominative plural weak)
rīkiun (feminine nominative plural weak)
rīkian (feminine nominative plural weak)
rīkia (neuter nominative singular weak)
rīkie (neuter nominative singular weak)
rīkion (neuter nominative plural weak)
rīkiun (neuter nominative plural weak)
rīkion (accusative masculine singular weak)
rīkian (accusative masculine singular weak)
rīkion (accusative masculine plural weak)
rīkiun (accusative masculine plural weak)
rīkiun (accusative feminine singular weak)
rīkion (accusative feminine singular weak)
rīkian (accusative feminine singular weak)
rīkion (accusative feminine plural weak)
rīkiun (accusative feminine plural weak)
rīkian (accusative feminine plural weak)
rīkia (accusative neuter singular weak)
rīkie (accusative neuter singular weak)
rīkion (accusative neuter plural weak)
rīkiun (accusative neuter plural weak)
rīkien (genitive masculine singular weak)
rīkian (genitive masculine singular weak)
rīkiono (genitive masculine plural weak)
rīkieno (genitive masculine plural weak)
rīkiun (feminine genitive singular weak)
rīkian (feminine genitive singular weak)
rīkien (feminine genitive singular weak)
rīkiono (feminine genitive plural weak)
rīkien (genitive neuter singular weak)
rīkian (genitive neuter singular weak)
rīkiono (genitive neuter plural weak)
rīkieno (genitive neuter plural weak)
rīkion (dative masculine singular weak)
rīkien (dative masculine singular weak)
rīkian (dative masculine singular weak)
rīkion (dative masculine plural weak)
rīkiun (dative masculine plural weak)
rīkiun (dative feminine singular weak)
rīkian (dative feminine singular weak)
rīkion (dative feminine plural weak)
rīkiun (dative feminine plural weak)
rīkion (dative neuter singular weak)
rīkien (dative neuter singular weak)
rīkian (dative neuter singular weak)
rīkion (dative neuter plural weak)
rīkiun (dative neuter plural weak)

osx-decl-adj

rīki

Middle Low German: rîk, rîke, rîch

German Low German: riek

Low German: rik, rike

Plautdietsch: rikj

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī (“mighty, rich”).


tredan

tredan (infinitive)
tridu (first-person present singular)
trad (first-person past singular)
tridis (present second-person singular)
trādi (past second-person singular)
tridid (present singular third-person)
trad (past singular third-person)
tredad (plural present)
trādun (past plural)
trede (first-person present singular)
trādi (first-person past singular)
tredes (present second-person singular)
trādis (past second-person singular)
trede (present singular third-person)
trādi (past singular third-person)
treden (plural present)
trādin (past plural)
tred (present singular)
tridandi (present)
gitredan (past)
tredan (past)

Middle Low German: treden

Danish: træde

Low German: treden

Swedish: träda

From Proto-West Germanic *tredan, from Proto-Germanic *trudaną.


fadar

fadar (nominative singular)
fadar (nominative plural)
fadar (accusative singular)
fadar (accusative plural)
fadar (genitive singular)
fadarō (genitive plural)
fadar (dative singular)
fadarum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: vāder

German Low German: Vader

Plautdietsch: Voda

From Proto-West Germanic *fader, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.


and-

andsako (“enemy, adversary”)

andswor "answer"

andward "present time"


dwinan

dwīnan (canonical)
dwīnan (infinitive)
dwīnu (first-person present singular)
dwēn (first-person past singular)
dwīnis (present second-person singular)
dwini (past second-person singular)
dwīnid (present singular third-person)
dwēn (past singular third-person)
dwīnad (plural present)
dwinun (past plural)
dwīne (first-person present singular)
dwini (first-person past singular)
dwīnes (present second-person singular)
dwinis (past second-person singular)
dwīne (present singular third-person)
dwini (past singular third-person)
dwīnen (plural present)
dwinin (past plural)
dwīn (present singular)
dwīnandi (present)
gidwinan (past)
dwinan (past)

Middle Low German: dwīnen

Low German: dwienen, verdwienen

From Proto-Germanic *dwīnaną, whence also Old English dwīnan (English dwine), Old Dutch *dwīnan (Dutch dwijnen, verdwijnen), Old Norse dvína.


blasan

blāsan (canonical)
blāsan (infinitive)
blāsu (first-person present singular)
blēs (first-person past singular)
blāsis (present second-person singular)
blēsi (past second-person singular)
blāsid (present singular third-person)
blēs (past singular third-person)
blāsad (plural present)
blēsun (past plural)
blāse (first-person present singular)
blēsi (first-person past singular)
blāses (present second-person singular)
blēsis (past second-person singular)
blāse (present singular third-person)
blēsi (past singular third-person)
blāsen (plural present)
blēsin (past plural)
blās (present singular)
blāsandi (present)
giblāsan (past)
blāsan (past)


Galilea

Galilea (nominative singular)
Galilea (accusative singular)
Galilea (genitive singular)
Galileu (genitive singular)
Galileo (genitive singular)
Galileu (dative singular)
Galileo (dative singular)
Galilea (dative singular)


sulik

sulīk (canonical)
sulīk (masculine nominative singular strong)
sulīke (masculine nominative plural strong)
sulīka (masculine nominative plural strong)
sulīk (feminine nominative singular strong)
sulīka (feminine nominative plural strong)
sulīk (neuter nominative singular strong)
sulīk (neuter nominative plural strong)
sulīka (neuter nominative plural strong)
sulīkan (accusative masculine singular strong)
sulīken (accusative masculine singular strong)
sulīka (accusative masculine plural strong)
sulīke (accusative masculine plural strong)
sulīka (accusative feminine singular strong)
sulīka (accusative feminine plural strong)
sulīk (accusative neuter singular strong)
sulīk (accusative neuter plural strong)
sulīka (accusative neuter plural strong)
sulīkes (genitive masculine singular strong)
sulīkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sulīkaro (genitive masculine plural strong)
sulīkoro (genitive masculine plural strong)
sulīkero (genitive masculine plural strong)
sulīkara (feminine genitive singular strong)
sulīkaro (feminine genitive singular strong)
sulīkaro (feminine genitive plural strong)
sulīkoro (feminine genitive plural strong)
sulīkero (feminine genitive plural strong)
sulīkes (genitive neuter singular strong)
sulīkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sulīkaro (genitive neuter plural strong)
sulīkoro (genitive neuter plural strong)
sulīkero (genitive neuter plural strong)
sulīkumu (dative masculine singular strong)
sulīkum (dative masculine singular strong)
sulīkun (dative masculine singular strong)
sulīkon (dative masculine singular strong)
sulīken (dative masculine singular strong)
sulīkan (dative masculine singular strong)
sulīkun (dative masculine plural strong)
sulīkon (dative masculine plural strong)
sulīkum (dative masculine plural strong)
sulīkaro (dative feminine singular strong)
sulīkaru (dative feminine singular strong)
sulīkara (dative feminine singular strong)
sulīkun (dative feminine plural strong)
sulīkon (dative feminine plural strong)
sulīkumu (dative neuter singular strong)
sulīkum (dative neuter singular strong)
sulīkun (dative neuter singular strong)
sulīkon (dative neuter singular strong)
sulīken (dative neuter singular strong)
sulīkan (dative neuter singular strong)
sulīkun (dative neuter plural strong)
sulīkon (dative neuter plural strong)
sulīkum (dative neuter plural strong)
sulīko (masculine nominative singular weak)
sulīka (masculine nominative singular weak)
sulīkon (masculine nominative plural weak)
sulīkun (masculine nominative plural weak)
sulīka (feminine nominative singular weak)
sulīke (feminine nominative singular weak)
sulīkon (feminine nominative plural weak)
sulīkun (feminine nominative plural weak)
sulīkan (feminine nominative plural weak)
sulīka (neuter nominative singular weak)
sulīke (neuter nominative singular weak)
sulīkon (neuter nominative plural weak)
sulīkun (neuter nominative plural weak)
sulīkon (accusative masculine singular weak)
sulīkan (accusative masculine singular weak)
sulīkon (accusative masculine plural weak)
sulīkun (accusative masculine plural weak)
sulīkun (accusative feminine singular weak)
sulīkon (accusative feminine singular weak)
sulīkan (accusative feminine singular weak)
sulīkon (accusative feminine plural weak)
sulīkun (accusative feminine plural weak)
sulīkan (accusative feminine plural weak)
sulīka (accusative neuter singular weak)
sulīke (accusative neuter singular weak)
sulīkon (accusative neuter plural weak)
sulīkun (accusative neuter plural weak)
sulīken (genitive masculine singular weak)
sulīkan (genitive masculine singular weak)
sulīkono (genitive masculine plural weak)
sulīkeno (genitive masculine plural weak)
sulīkun (feminine genitive singular weak)
sulīkan (feminine genitive singular weak)
sulīken (feminine genitive singular weak)
sulīkono (feminine genitive plural weak)
sulīken (genitive neuter singular weak)
sulīkan (genitive neuter singular weak)
sulīkono (genitive neuter plural weak)
sulīkeno (genitive neuter plural weak)
sulīkon (dative masculine singular weak)
sulīken (dative masculine singular weak)
sulīkan (dative masculine singular weak)
sulīkon (dative masculine plural weak)
sulīkun (dative masculine plural weak)
sulīkun (dative feminine singular weak)
sulīkan (dative feminine singular weak)
sulīkon (dative feminine plural weak)
sulīkun (dative feminine plural weak)
sulīkon (dative neuter singular weak)
sulīken (dative neuter singular weak)
sulīkan (dative neuter singular weak)
sulīkon (dative neuter plural weak)
sulīkun (dative neuter plural weak)

osx-decl-adj

sulīk


leth

lēth (canonical neuter)
lēth (nominative singular)
lēth (nominative plural)
lēth (accusative singular)
lēth (accusative plural)
lēthes (genitive singular)
lēthō (genitive plural)
lēthe (dative singular)
lēthun (dative plural)

Middle Low German: lêt, leit

Low German:

Westphalian:

Münsterländisch: leed

Westmünsterländisch: leed


sero

head

sero (comparative mēr, superlative mēst)


megin

megin (nominative singular)
megin (nominative plural)
megin (accusative singular)
megin (accusative plural)
megines (genitive singular)
meginō (genitive plural)
megine (dative singular)
meginun (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *maginą (“might, power”). Cognate with Old English mæġen, Old Norse megin, Old High German megin, magan.


wika

Middle Low German: wēke

→ North Frisian: Week

From Proto-West Germanic *wikā, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“turn, succession, change, week”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyg-, *weyk- (“to bend, wind, turn, yield”). Related to Proto-Germanic *wīkaną (“to bend, yield, cease”).


skat

Middle Low German: schat

German Low German: Schatt

From Proto-West Germanic *skatt (“treasure, money”).


saian

sāian (canonical)
sāian (infinitive)
sāiu (first-person present singular)
sēw (first-person past singular)
sāis (present second-person singular)
sēwi (past second-person singular)
sāid (present singular third-person)
sēw (past singular third-person)
sāiad (plural present)
sēwun (past plural)
sāie (first-person present singular)
sēwi (first-person past singular)
sāies (present second-person singular)
sēwis (past second-person singular)
sāie (present singular third-person)
sēwi (past singular third-person)
sāien (plural present)
sēwin (past plural)
sāi (present singular)
sāiandi (present)
gisāian (past)
sāian (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *sāan (“to sow”).


galan

galan (infinitive)
galu (first-person present singular)
gōl (first-person past singular)
gelis (present second-person singular)
gōli (past second-person singular)
gelid (present singular third-person)
gōl (past singular third-person)
galad (plural present)
gōlun (past plural)
gale (first-person present singular)
gōli (first-person past singular)
gales (present second-person singular)
gōlis (past second-person singular)
gale (present singular third-person)
gōli (past singular third-person)
galen (plural present)
gōlin (past plural)
gal (present singular)
galandi (present)
gigalan (past)
galan (past)


spurnan

spūrnan (infinitive)
spūrnu (first-person present singular)
spōrn (first-person past singular)
spūrnis (present second-person singular)
spurni (past second-person singular)
spūrnid (present singular third-person)
spōrn (past singular third-person)
spūrnad (plural present)
spurnun (past plural)
spūrne (first-person present singular)
spurni (first-person past singular)
spūrnes (present second-person singular)
spurnis (past second-person singular)
spūrne (present singular third-person)
spurni (past singular third-person)
spūrnen (plural present)
spurnin (past plural)
spūrn (present singular)
spūrnandi (present)
gispornan (past)
spornan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *spurnan, from Proto-Germanic *spurnaną (“to kick”).


ang-

From Proto-West Germanic *angu-, from Proto-Germanic *anguz, related to Old Saxon engi.

angseto "pimple, blister"


alo-

alomahtig "almighty"

alothioda "mankind"

alowaldand "almighty, ruling over everyone"

alowaldo "almighty, ruling over everyone"


filo-

filowīs (“very wise”)


nemnian

nemnian (infinitive)
nemniu (first-person present singular)
nemnida (first-person past singular)
nemnis (present second-person singular)
nemnides (past second-person singular)
nemnid (present singular third-person)
nemnida (past singular third-person)
nemniad (plural present)
nemnidun (past plural)
nemnie (first-person present singular)
nemnidi (first-person past singular)
nemnies (present second-person singular)
nemnidis (past second-person singular)
nemnie (present singular third-person)
nemnidi (past singular third-person)
nemnien (plural present)
nemnidin (past plural)
nemni (present singular)
nemniandi (present)
ginemnid (past)
nemnid (past)


bodo

bodo (nominative singular)
bodon (nominative plural)
bodun (nominative plural)
bodan (nominative plural)
bodon (accusative singular)
bodan (accusative singular)
bodon (accusative plural)
bodun (accusative plural)
bodan (accusative plural)
boden (genitive singular)
bodan (genitive singular)
bodon (genitive singular)
bodono (genitive plural)
boden (dative singular)
bodan (dative singular)
bodon (dative singular)
bodun (dative plural)
bodon (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *budô. Compare German Bote.


thit

nominative/accusative neuter singular of these


katta

katta (nominative singular)
kattun (nominative plural)
kattan (nominative plural)
katton (nominative plural)
kattun (accusative singular)
kattan (accusative singular)
katton (accusative singular)
kattun (accusative plural)
kattan (accusative plural)
katton (accusative plural)
kattun (genitive singular)
kattan (genitive singular)
katton (genitive singular)
kattono (genitive plural)
kattun (dative singular)
kattan (dative singular)
katton (dative singular)
kattun (dative plural)
kattan (dative plural)
katton (dative plural)

Middle Low German: katte

Dutch Low Saxon: katte

German Low German: Katt, Katte

Plautdietsch: Kautt, Kaut

Common to West and North Germanic: cognate with Old English catte, Old Frisian katte, Middle Dutch katte) (Dutch kat), Old High German kazza (German Katze), Old Norse ketta (Swedish katta). The word existed in the Germanic languages in a masculine gender also, represented in Old Saxon by katto. The word appears to be related to Late Latin cattus as well as to similar words in the Slavic and Celtic languages, but the ultimate source is uncertain.


kunnon

kunnon (infinitive)
kunnon (first-person present singular)
kunnoda (first-person past singular)
kunnos (present second-person singular)
kunnodes (past second-person singular)
kunnod (present singular third-person)
kunnoda (past singular third-person)
kunniod (plural present)
kunnodun (past plural)
kunno (first-person present singular)
kunnodi (first-person past singular)
kunnodis (past second-person singular)
kunno (present singular third-person)
kunnodi (past singular third-person)
kunnion (plural present)
kunnodin (past plural)
kunno (present singular)
kunnondi (present)
gikunnod (past)
kunnod (past)

From Proto-Germanic *kunnōną, akin to Old English cunnian.


-hed

-hēd (canonical)
-hēd (nominative singular)
-hēdi (nominative plural)
-hēd (accusative singular)
-hēdi (accusative plural)
-hēdi (genitive singular)
-hēdo (genitive plural)
-hēdi (dative singular)
-hēdum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: -heit

German Low German: -heet, -het

East Frisian: -heid

Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommerisch, Paderbornisch: -heit

→ Danish: -hed

→ Icelandic: -heit

→ Norwegian Bokmål: -het

→ Swedish: -het

From Proto-West Germanic *-haidu (“-hood”) (originally a noun, represented by Old Saxon hēd). Cognate with Old English -hād (English -hood), Dutch -heid, Old High German -heit (German -heit).

giwunohēd "habit"

forming nouns of condition or quality, from nouns or adjectives


okan

ōkan (canonical)
ōkan (infinitive)
ōku (first-person present singular)
iok (first-person past singular)
ōkis (present second-person singular)
ioki (past second-person singular)
ōkid (present singular third-person)
iok (past singular third-person)
ōkad (plural present)
iokun (past plural)
ōke (first-person present singular)
ioki (first-person past singular)
ōkes (present second-person singular)
iokis (past second-person singular)
ōke (present singular third-person)
ioki (past singular third-person)
ōken (plural present)
iokin (past plural)
ōk (present singular)
ōkandi (present)
giōkan (past)
ōkan (past)

From Proto-Germanic *aukaną. Cognate with Old Frisian āka, Old English eacan, Old Norse auka, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (aukan). From the same Indo-European source as Latin augere, Greek αυχειν (afchein).


ilian

īlian (infinitive)
īliu (first-person present singular)
īlda (first-person past singular)
īlis (present second-person singular)
īldes (past second-person singular)
īlid (present singular third-person)
īlda (past singular third-person)
īliad (plural present)
īldun (past plural)
īlie (first-person present singular)
īldi (first-person past singular)
īlies (present second-person singular)
īldis (past second-person singular)
īlie (present singular third-person)
īldi (past singular third-person)
īlien (plural present)
īldin (past plural)
īli (present singular)
īliandi (present)
giīlid (past)
īlid (past)

Low German: ielen


sparko

sparko (masculine nominative singular strong)
sparkwe (masculine nominative plural strong)
sparko (neuter nominative singular strong)
sparkwu (neuter nominative plural strong)
sparko (feminine nominative singular strong)
sparkwe (feminine nominative plural strong)
sparkwana (accusative masculine singular strong)
sparkwe (accusative masculine plural strong)
sparko (accusative neuter singular strong)
sparkwu (accusative neuter plural strong)
sparkwa (accusative feminine singular strong)
sparkwe (accusative feminine plural strong)
sparkwes (genitive masculine singular strong)
sparkwarō (genitive masculine plural strong)
sparkwes (genitive neuter singular strong)
sparkwarō (genitive neuter plural strong)
sparkwaro (feminine genitive singular strong)
sparkwarō (feminine genitive plural strong)
sparkwumu (dative masculine singular strong)
sparkwum (dative masculine plural strong)
sparkwumu (dative neuter singular strong)
sparkwum (dative neuter plural strong)
sparkwaro (dative feminine singular strong)
sparkwum (dative feminine plural strong)
sparkwo (masculine nominative singular weak)
sparkwu (masculine nominative plural weak)
sparkwa (neuter nominative singular weak)
sparkwu (neuter nominative plural weak)
sparkwa (feminine nominative singular weak)
sparkwu (feminine nominative plural weak)
sparkwun (accusative masculine singular weak)
sparkwun (accusative masculine plural weak)
sparkwa (accusative neuter singular weak)
sparkwun (accusative neuter plural weak)
sparkwun (accusative feminine singular weak)
sparkwun (accusative feminine plural weak)
sparkwun (genitive masculine singular weak)
sparkwonō (genitive masculine plural weak)
sparkwun (genitive neuter singular weak)
sparkwonō (genitive neuter plural weak)
sparkwun (feminine genitive singular weak)
sparkwonō (feminine genitive plural weak)
sparkwun (dative masculine singular weak)
sparkwum (dative masculine plural weak)
sparkwun (dative neuter singular weak)
sparkwum (dative neuter plural weak)
sparkwun (dative feminine singular weak)
sparkwum (dative feminine plural weak)

From Proto-West Germanic *sparkō, from Proto-Germanic *sprakô.


kruci

krūci (canonical neuter)
krūci (nominative singular)
krūci (nominative plural)
krūci (accusative singular)
krūci (accusative plural)
krūcies (genitive singular)
krūciō (genitive plural)
krūcie (dative singular)
krūcium (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: krü̂ze, kruze, krûce, cruece, kruse, cruese, crusse, cryce, crü̂ce, krutze, krü̂z, krus, crues, cruyts

Dutch Low Saxon: kruus

German Low German: Krüüz, Krüz, Kriiz

Plautdietsch: Kjriez

→ Danish: kryds

→ Norwegian: kryss

→ Swedish: kryss

→ Old Frisian: kriōce, kriōse, krūs

Saterland Frisian: Krüüs

West Frisian: krús


trada

Middle Low German: trade

→ Middle English: trade

English: trade

From Proto-Germanic *tradō (“track, way”).


fragon

frāgon (canonical)
fragon (infinitive)
fragon (first-person present singular)
fragoda (first-person past singular)
fragos (present second-person singular)
fragodes (past second-person singular)
fragod (present singular third-person)
fragoda (past singular third-person)
fragiod (plural present)
fragodun (past plural)
frago (first-person present singular)
fragodi (first-person past singular)
fragodis (past second-person singular)
frago (present singular third-person)
fragodi (past singular third-person)
fragion (plural present)
fragodin (past plural)
frago (present singular)
fragondi (present)
gifragod (past)
fragod (past)


engil

engil (nominative singular)
englos (nominative plural)
engil (accusative singular)
englos (accusative plural)
engles (genitive singular)
englō (genitive plural)
engle (dative singular)
englum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: engel

Low German:

German Low German: Engel

Plautdietsch: Enjel

→ Estonian: ingel

desctree

→ Old Norse: engill
Icelandic: engill
Faroese: eingil
Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: engel
Norwegian Bokmål: engel
Danish: engel
Old Swedish: ængil, engil
Swedish: ängel
→ Finnish: enkeli
Gutnish: änggel


othar

head

ōthar (no comparative nor superlative forms)

ōthar (canonical)
nor superlative forms (no-comparative)
ōthar (masculine nominative singular strong)
ōthare (masculine nominative plural strong)
ōthara (masculine nominative plural strong)
ōthar (feminine nominative singular strong)
ōthara (feminine nominative plural strong)
ōthar (neuter nominative singular strong)
ōthar (neuter nominative plural strong)
ōthara (neuter nominative plural strong)
ōtharan (accusative masculine singular strong)
ōtharen (accusative masculine singular strong)
ōthara (accusative masculine plural strong)
ōthare (accusative masculine plural strong)
ōthara (accusative feminine singular strong)
ōthara (accusative feminine plural strong)
ōthar (accusative neuter singular strong)
ōthar (accusative neuter plural strong)
ōthara (accusative neuter plural strong)
ōthares (genitive masculine singular strong)
ōtharas (genitive masculine singular strong)
ōthararo (genitive masculine plural strong)
ōtharoro (genitive masculine plural strong)
ōtharero (genitive masculine plural strong)
ōtharara (feminine genitive singular strong)
ōthararo (feminine genitive singular strong)
ōthararo (feminine genitive plural strong)
ōtharoro (feminine genitive plural strong)
ōtharero (feminine genitive plural strong)
ōthares (genitive neuter singular strong)
ōtharas (genitive neuter singular strong)
ōthararo (genitive neuter plural strong)
ōtharoro (genitive neuter plural strong)
ōtharero (genitive neuter plural strong)
ōtharumu (dative masculine singular strong)
ōtharum (dative masculine singular strong)
ōtharun (dative masculine singular strong)
ōtharon (dative masculine singular strong)
ōtharen (dative masculine singular strong)
ōtharan (dative masculine singular strong)
ōtharun (dative masculine plural strong)
ōtharon (dative masculine plural strong)
ōtharum (dative masculine plural strong)
ōthararo (dative feminine singular strong)
ōthararu (dative feminine singular strong)
ōtharara (dative feminine singular strong)
ōtharun (dative feminine plural strong)
ōtharon (dative feminine plural strong)
ōtharumu (dative neuter singular strong)
ōtharum (dative neuter singular strong)
ōtharun (dative neuter singular strong)
ōtharon (dative neuter singular strong)
ōtharen (dative neuter singular strong)
ōtharan (dative neuter singular strong)
ōtharun (dative neuter plural strong)
ōtharon (dative neuter plural strong)
ōtharum (dative neuter plural strong)
ōtharo (masculine nominative singular weak)
ōthara (masculine nominative singular weak)
ōtharon (masculine nominative plural weak)
ōtharun (masculine nominative plural weak)
ōthara (feminine nominative singular weak)
ōthare (feminine nominative singular weak)
ōtharon (feminine nominative plural weak)
ōtharun (feminine nominative plural weak)
ōtharan (feminine nominative plural weak)
ōthara (neuter nominative singular weak)
ōthare (neuter nominative singular weak)
ōtharon (neuter nominative plural weak)
ōtharun (neuter nominative plural weak)
ōtharon (accusative masculine singular weak)
ōtharan (accusative masculine singular weak)
ōtharon (accusative masculine plural weak)
ōtharun (accusative masculine plural weak)
ōtharun (accusative feminine singular weak)
ōtharon (accusative feminine singular weak)
ōtharan (accusative feminine singular weak)
ōtharon (accusative feminine plural weak)
ōtharun (accusative feminine plural weak)
ōtharan (accusative feminine plural weak)
ōthara (accusative neuter singular weak)
ōthare (accusative neuter singular weak)
ōtharon (accusative neuter plural weak)
ōtharun (accusative neuter plural weak)
ōtharen (genitive masculine singular weak)
ōtharan (genitive masculine singular weak)
ōtharono (genitive masculine plural weak)
ōthareno (genitive masculine plural weak)
ōtharun (feminine genitive singular weak)
ōtharan (feminine genitive singular weak)
ōtharen (feminine genitive singular weak)
ōtharono (feminine genitive plural weak)
ōtharen (genitive neuter singular weak)
ōtharan (genitive neuter singular weak)
ōtharono (genitive neuter plural weak)
ōthareno (genitive neuter plural weak)
ōtharon (dative masculine singular weak)
ōtharen (dative masculine singular weak)
ōtharan (dative masculine singular weak)
ōtharon (dative masculine plural weak)
ōtharun (dative masculine plural weak)
ōtharun (dative feminine singular weak)
ōtharan (dative feminine singular weak)
ōtharon (dative feminine plural weak)
ōtharun (dative feminine plural weak)
ōtharon (dative neuter singular weak)
ōtharen (dative neuter singular weak)
ōtharan (dative neuter singular weak)
ōtharon (dative neuter plural weak)
ōtharun (dative neuter plural weak)

osx-decl-adj

ōthar


fundon

fundon (infinitive)
fundon (first-person present singular)
fundoda (first-person past singular)
fundos (present second-person singular)
fundodes (past second-person singular)
fundod (present singular third-person)
fundoda (past singular third-person)
fundiod (plural present)
fundodun (past plural)
fundo (first-person present singular)
fundodi (first-person past singular)
fundodis (past second-person singular)
fundo (present singular third-person)
fundodi (past singular third-person)
fundion (plural present)
fundodin (past plural)
fundo (present singular)
fundondi (present)
gifundod (past)
fundod (past)


siu

Low German: se


siu

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
thū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
me (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ina (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
imu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mīn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
wit (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
git (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unkero (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
unka (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
inker (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
inka (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
wī (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
we (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ge (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (masculine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (feminine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (neuter nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
unsik (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (accusative masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (accusative neuter personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
im (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwero (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwera (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)

Low German: se


modar

mōdar (canonical feminine)
mōdar (nominative singular)
mōdar (nominative plural)
mōdar (accusative singular)
mōdar (accusative plural)
mōdar (genitive singular)
mōdarō (genitive plural)
mōdar (dative singular)
mōdarum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: mōder

Low German: Moder, Mor

From Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.


werwulf

werwulf (nominative singular)
werwulvos (nominative plural)
werwulf (accusative singular)
werwulvos (accusative plural)
werwulves (genitive singular)
werwulvō (genitive plural)
werwulve (dative singular)
werwulvum (dative plural)

desc

Middle Low German: werwulf, werwolf, warwulf, bērwulf

German Low German: Weerwulf, Warwulf

→ Icelandic: varúlfur

→ Faroese: varúlvur

→ Norwegian: varulv

→ Swedish: varulv

→ Danish: varulv

From Proto-West Germanic *werawulf. Equivalent to wer (“man”) + wulf (“wolf”).


luva

From Proto-Germanic *lubō, from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-.


formon

formon (infinitive)
formon (first-person present singular)
formoda (first-person past singular)
formos (present second-person singular)
formodes (past second-person singular)
formod (present singular third-person)
formoda (past singular third-person)
formiod (plural present)
formodun (past plural)
formo (first-person present singular)
formodi (first-person past singular)
formodis (past second-person singular)
formo (present singular third-person)
formodi (past singular third-person)
formion (plural present)
formodin (past plural)
formo (present singular)
formondi (present)
giformod (past)
formod (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *fermōn, from Proto-Germanic *fermōną.


gest

gēst (canonical masculine)
gēst (nominative singular)
gēstos (nominative plural)
gēst (accusative singular)
gēstos (accusative plural)
gēstes (genitive singular)
gēstō (genitive plural)
gēste (dative singular)
gēstum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: gêst, geist

German Low German: Geest, Geist

Low German: geest

Plautdietsch: Jeist

→ Norwegian Bokmål: gast

→ Old Danish: gast (or from Frisian)

Danish: gast

→ Swedish: gast


galm

galm (nominative singular)
galmos (nominative plural)
galm (accusative singular)
galmos (accusative plural)
galmes (genitive singular)
galmō (genitive plural)
galme (dative singular)
galmum (dative plural)

Dutch Low Saxon: galm, naogalm

German Low German: Galm

From Proto-Germanic *galmaz, whence also Old High German galm, modern Dutch galm. Also related to galan and galpon, Old English giellan and galdor, modern Dutch gillen.


drepan

drepan (infinitive)
dripu (first-person present singular)
drap (first-person past singular)
dripis (present second-person singular)
drāpi (past second-person singular)
dripid (present singular third-person)
drap (past singular third-person)
drepad (plural present)
drāpun (past plural)
drepe (first-person present singular)
drāpi (first-person past singular)
drepes (present second-person singular)
drāpis (past second-person singular)
drepe (present singular third-person)
drāpi (past singular third-person)
drepen (plural present)
drāpin (past plural)
drep (present singular)
dripandi (present)
gidrepan (past)
drepan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *drepan, from Proto-Germanic *drepaną (“to beat, hit, strike, kill”).


thiu

Middle Low German: de

Low German: de

instrumental masculine/neuter singular of thē


thi

thī (canonical)
ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
thū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
me (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ina (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
imu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mīn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
wit (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
git (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unkero (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
unka (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
inker (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
inka (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
wī (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
we (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ge (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (masculine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (feminine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (neuter nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
unsik (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (accusative masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (accusative neuter personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
im (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwero (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwera (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)


swerd

swerd (nominative singular)
swerd (nominative plural)
swerd (accusative singular)
swerd (accusative plural)
swerdes (genitive singular)
swerdō (genitive plural)
swerde (dative singular)
swerdun (dative plural)

Low German: Sweerd

Plautdietsch: Schwieet

From Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą.


lokon

head

lōkōn (singular preterite lōkoda, past participle gilōkod)

lōkōn (canonical)
lōkoda (preterite singular)
gilōkod (participle past)
lōkon (infinitive)
lōkon (first-person present singular)
lōkoda (first-person past singular)
lōkos (present second-person singular)
lōkodes (past second-person singular)
lōkod (present singular third-person)
lōkoda (past singular third-person)
lōkiod (plural present)
lōkodun (past plural)
lōko (first-person present singular)
lōkodi (first-person past singular)
lōkodis (past second-person singular)
lōko (present singular third-person)
lōkodi (past singular third-person)
lōkion (plural present)
lōkodin (past plural)
lōko (present singular)
lōkondi (present)
gilōkod (past)
lōkod (past)

Middle Low German: *lö̂ken

Low German: löken

that he muosta sea mið is ogum an luokoian

that he had to look at her with his own eyes (Genesis)


drivan

drīvan (canonical)
drīvan (infinitive)
drīvu (first-person present singular)
drēf (first-person past singular)
drīvis (present second-person singular)
drivi (past second-person singular)
drīvid (present singular third-person)
drēf (past singular third-person)
drīvad (plural present)
drivun (past plural)
drīve (first-person present singular)
drivi (first-person past singular)
drīves (present second-person singular)
drivis (past second-person singular)
drīve (present singular third-person)
drivi (past singular third-person)
drīven (plural present)
drivin (past plural)
drīf (present singular)
drīvandi (present)
gidrivan (past)
drivan (past)

Middle Low German: driven

Low German: drieven

From Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną.


fehu

fehu (nominative singular)
feho (nominative singular)
fehu (accusative singular)
feho (accusative singular)
fehes (genitive singular)
fehas (genitive singular)
fehe (dative singular)
feho (instrumental singular)

Middle Low German: vehe, veh, vê, vie

German Low German: Veeh, Veh, Veih n (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch)

Plautdietsch: Fee


belgan

belgan (infinitive)
bilgu (first-person present singular)
balg (first-person past singular)
bilgis (present second-person singular)
bulgi (past second-person singular)
bilgid (present singular third-person)
balg (past singular third-person)
belgad (plural present)
bulgun (past plural)
belge (first-person present singular)
bulgi (first-person past singular)
belges (present second-person singular)
bulgis (past second-person singular)
belge (present singular third-person)
bulgi (past singular third-person)
belgen (plural present)
bulgin (past plural)
belg (present singular)
bilgandi (present)
gibolgan (past)
bolgan (past)

Middle Low German: belgen

Low German: belgen


webbi

From Proto-Germanic *wabją, from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“weave”).


markon

markon (infinitive)
markon (first-person present singular)
markoda (first-person past singular)
markos (present second-person singular)
markodes (past second-person singular)
markod (present singular third-person)
markoda (past singular third-person)
markiod (plural present)
markodun (past plural)
marko (first-person present singular)
markodi (first-person past singular)
markodis (past second-person singular)
marko (present singular third-person)
markodi (past singular third-person)
markion (plural present)
markodin (past plural)
marko (present singular)
markondi (present)
gimarkod (past)
markod (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *markōn, from Proto-Germanic *markōną, from *markō (“a mark”).


thesum

dative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of these


-ari

-āri (canonical)
-āri (nominative singular)
-ārios (nominative plural)
-āri (accusative singular)
-ārios (accusative plural)
-āries (genitive singular)
-āriō (genitive plural)
-ārie (dative singular)
-ārium (dative plural)

Middle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere

Low German: -er

Forms masculine agent nouns from verbs: -er

Forms masculine agent nouns from other nouns: -er


fregnan

fregnan (infinitive)
frignu (first-person present singular)
fragn (first-person past singular)
frignis (present second-person singular)
frugni (past second-person singular)
frignid (present singular third-person)
fragn (past singular third-person)
fregnad (plural present)
frugnun (past plural)
fregne (first-person present singular)
frugni (first-person past singular)
fregnes (present second-person singular)
frugnis (past second-person singular)
fregne (present singular third-person)
frugni (past singular third-person)
fregnen (plural present)
frugnin (past plural)
fregn (present singular)
frignandi (present)
gifrognan (past)
frognan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *fregnan, from Proto-Germanic *frehnaną.

sie mid is uuordun fragn huene sie sokean quamin (Heliand, verse 4839)


betst

Low German: best

From Proto-Germanic *batistaz (“best”). Compare Old English betest, betst, Old Frisian betsta, Dutch best, Old High German bezzisto, Old Norse beztr, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (batists).

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?

If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?


slapan

slāpan (canonical)
slāpan (infinitive)
slāpu (first-person present singular)
slēp (first-person past singular)
slāpis (present second-person singular)
slēpi (past second-person singular)
slāpid (present singular third-person)
slēp (past singular third-person)
slāpad (plural present)
slēpun (past plural)
slāpe (first-person present singular)
slēpi (first-person past singular)
slāpes (present second-person singular)
slēpis (past second-person singular)
slāpe (present singular third-person)
slēpi (past singular third-person)
slāpen (plural present)
slēpin (past plural)
slāp (present singular)
slāpandi (present)
gislāpan (past)
slāpan (past)

Middle Low German: slâpen

German Low German: slapen

Low German: slapen


regera

Middle Low German: rêger, reiger

German Low German: Reiger


nitan

nitan (infinitive)
nēt (first-person present singular)
nissa (first-person past singular)
nēst (present second-person singular)
nisses (past second-person singular)
nēt (present singular third-person)
nissa (past singular third-person)
nitun (plural present)
nissun (past plural)
niti (first-person present singular)
nissi (first-person past singular)
nitis (present second-person singular)
nissis (past second-person singular)
niti (present singular third-person)
nissi (past singular third-person)
nitin (plural present)
nissin (past plural)
nitandi (present)
ne giwitan (past)
ne witan (past)

Contraction of ne + witan. The same process occurred in Old English with ne + willan (nillan (“to not want”)) and ne + wesan (nesan (“to not be”)). See also newitan.


jamar

(Middle Low German: jâmer, jammer)

From Proto-West Germanic *jāmar, from Proto-Germanic *jēmaraz.


skild

Middle Low German: schilt

German Low German: Schild

Plautdietsch: Schilt


thau

thau (nominative singular)
thauos (nominative plural)
thau (accusative singular)
thauos (accusative plural)
thaues (genitive singular)
thauō (genitive plural)
thaue (dative singular)
thauum (dative plural)

Unknown origin, only in West Germanic, as it were from Proto-Germanic *þawwaz.


helpa

helpa (nominative singular)
helpa (nominative plural)
helpa (accusative singular)
helpa (accusative plural)
helpō (genitive singular)
helpanō (genitive plural)
helpu (dative singular)
helpum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: helpe

Helpa uuiðar hungre.


untat

From und + that. Compare Old English oþþæt, Old High German untaz.


hwar

Middle Low German: wār, wōr

German Low German: waar

Low German: wor

From Proto-West Germanic *hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwar.


hwat

hwat (impersonal nominative)
hwē (nominative personal)
hwat (accusative impersonal)
hwēna (accusative personal)
hwes (genitive impersonal)
hwes (genitive personal)
hwēmu (dative impersonal)
hwēmu (dative personal)

From Proto-West Germanic *hwat. Compare Old English hwæt, Old Frisian hwet, Old High German hwaz, Old Norse hvat, Gothic 𐍈𐌰 (ƕa).


hwat

Low German: wat


brekan

brekan (infinitive)
briku (first-person present singular)
brak (first-person past singular)
brikis (present second-person singular)
brāki (past second-person singular)
brikid (present singular third-person)
brak (past singular third-person)
brekad (plural present)
brākun (past plural)
breke (first-person present singular)
brāki (first-person past singular)
brekes (present second-person singular)
brākis (past second-person singular)
breke (present singular third-person)
brāki (past singular third-person)
breken (plural present)
brākin (past plural)
brek (present singular)
brikandi (present)
gibrokan (past)
brokan (past)

Middle Low German: breken

Danish: brække

Low German: breken

Norwegian: brekke

From Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.


sprekan

sprekan (infinitive)
spriku (first-person present singular)
sprak (first-person past singular)
sprikis (present second-person singular)
sprāki (past second-person singular)
sprikid (present singular third-person)
sprak (past singular third-person)
sprekad (plural present)
sprākun (past plural)
spreke (first-person present singular)
sprāki (first-person past singular)
sprekes (present second-person singular)
sprākis (past second-person singular)
spreke (present singular third-person)
sprāki (past singular third-person)
spreken (plural present)
sprākin (past plural)
sprek (present singular)
sprikandi (present)
gisprekan (past)
sprekan (past)

Middle Low German: sprēken

Low German: spreken

Plautdietsch: spräakjen

From Proto-West Germanic *sprekan, from Proto-Germanic *sprekaną.

Sō farmunste ina that manno folc endi sprākun im gimēdlic uuord

So the mankind despised him and spoke with foolish words about him (Heliand, verse 2658)


werthan

werthan (infinitive)
wirthu (first-person present singular)
warth (first-person past singular)
wirthis (present second-person singular)
wurdi (past second-person singular)
wirthid (present singular third-person)
warth (past singular third-person)
werthad (plural present)
wurdun (past plural)
werthe (first-person present singular)
wurdi (first-person past singular)
werthes (present second-person singular)
wurdis (past second-person singular)
werthe (present singular third-person)
wurdi (past singular third-person)
werthen (plural present)
wurdin (past plural)
werth (present singular)
wirthandi (present)
giwordan (past)
wordan (past)

Middle Low German: warden

Low German: warrn

German Low German: werden, worden

From Proto-West Germanic *werþan, from Proto-Germanic *werþaną.

Thō uuarð thar an thene gastseli megincraft mikil manno gesamnod

Then the great power came there in the guest hall, gathered by the men (Heliand, verses 2733 and 2734)

that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan'

that he should be born in Bethleem: 'so it is written in our books' (Heliand, verse 621)

to be (used with the subject to express the passive)


herta

herta (nominative singular)
herton (nominative plural)
hertun (nominative plural)
hertan (nominative plural)
herta (accusative singular)
herton (accusative plural)
hertun (accusative plural)
hertan (accusative plural)
herten (genitive singular)
hertan (genitive singular)
herton (genitive singular)
hertono (genitive plural)
herten (dative singular)
hertan (dative singular)
herton (dative singular)
hertun (dative plural)
herton (dative plural)

Middle Low German: herte, harte

Low German: Hart, Hiärt

German Low German: Hart

Plautdietsch: Hoat


quethan

quethan (infinitive)
quithu (first-person present singular)
quath (first-person past singular)
quad (first-person past singular)
quithis (present second-person singular)
quādi (past second-person singular)
quithid (present singular third-person)
quath (past singular third-person)
quad (past singular third-person)
quethad (plural present)
quādun (past plural)
quethe (first-person present singular)
quādi (first-person past singular)
quethes (present second-person singular)
quādis (past second-person singular)
quethe (present singular third-person)
quādi (past singular third-person)
quethen (plural present)
quādin (past plural)
queth (present singular)
quithandi (present)
giquedan (past)
quedan (past)

Middle Low German: queden

From Proto-West Germanic *kweþan, from Proto-Germanic *kweþaną.


watar

watar (nominative singular)
watar (nominative plural)
watar (accusative singular)
watar (accusative plural)
watres (genitive singular)
watrō (genitive plural)
watre (dative singular)
watrum (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wāter

Dutch Low Saxon: water (Drents, Twents)

Low German: Water

Plautdietsch: Wota

From Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥.

He stod imo tho bi enes uuatares staðe, ni uuelde tho bi themu gethringe

he stood himself then by the shore, then he did not want to be with the crowd (Heliand, verse 2378)


ertha

ertha (nominative singular)
ertha (nominative plural)
ertha (accusative singular)
ertha (accusative plural)
erthō (genitive singular)
erthanō (genitive plural)
erthu (dative singular)
erthum (dative plural)
ertha (nominative singular)
erthun (nominative plural)
erthan (nominative plural)
erthon (nominative plural)
erthun (accusative singular)
erthan (accusative singular)
erthon (accusative singular)
erthun (accusative plural)
erthan (accusative plural)
erthon (accusative plural)
erthun (genitive singular)
erthan (genitive singular)
erthon (genitive singular)
erthono (genitive plural)
erthun (dative singular)
erthan (dative singular)
erthon (dative singular)
erthun (dative plural)
erthan (dative plural)
erthon (dative plural)

Middle Low German: ērde

Low German:

Dutch Low Saxon: eerde

German Low German: Eer, Eerd, Ier, Ierd

Westphalian:

q

Lippisch: Eren (dative (as in up Eren) and genitive (as in in der Eren Grund))

Ravensbergisch: Airn

Sauerländisch: Ēre, Ere, Ǟre, Ēäre

Westmünsterländisch: Eerde, Eere, Äärde, Ääre, Iärde

Plautdietsch: Ead, Ieed

From Proto-West Germanic *erþu, whence also Old English eorþe, Old Dutch ertha, Old Frisian erthe, Old High German erda, Old Norse jǫrð, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 (airþa).

bran all samað stēn endi erða

The rock burnt all together with the ground (Genesis, verse 317)


mugan

mugan (infinitive)
mag (first-person present singular)
mah (first-person present singular)
mohta (first-person past singular)
maht (present second-person singular)
mohtes (past second-person singular)
mag (present singular third-person)
mah (present singular third-person)
mohta (past singular third-person)
mugun (plural present)
mohtun (past plural)
mugi (first-person present singular)
mohti (first-person past singular)
mugis (present second-person singular)
mohtis (past second-person singular)
mugi (present singular third-person)
mohti (past singular third-person)
mugin (plural present)
mohtin (past plural)
mugandi (present)

Middle Low German: mogen, mögen

Low German: mögen, mägen

German Low German: mögen

that ik hier ni mag ēniga huīla libbian

That I shouldn't live any moment (Genesis, verse 67)

uundron huuō mag that giuuerðan sō

To wonder how it could have happened so (Heliand, verse 141)


gevan

gevan (infinitive)
givu (first-person present singular)
gaf (first-person past singular)
givis (present second-person singular)
gāvi (past second-person singular)
givid (present singular third-person)
gaf (past singular third-person)
gevad (plural present)
gāvun (past plural)
geve (first-person present singular)
gāvi (first-person past singular)
geves (present second-person singular)
gāvis (past second-person singular)
geve (present singular third-person)
gāvi (past singular third-person)
geven (plural present)
gāvin (past plural)
gef (present singular)
givandi (present)
gigevan (past)
gevan (past)

desctree

Middle Low German: geven
Low German: geven, gewen, giäwen, giewen

From Proto-West Germanic *geban, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną.


ginatha

From gi + nātha, from Proto-Germanic *nēþō-, from Proto-Indo-European *net- (“to favor, protect”), see also Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (niþan, “to help”).


himil

himil (nominative singular)
himilos (nominative plural)
himil (accusative singular)
himilos (accusative plural)
himiles (genitive singular)
himilō (genitive plural)
himile (dative singular)
himilum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle Low German: hemmel, hēmel
German Low German:
Ostfriesisch (East Frisian Low Saxon): Hemel, Himmel
Westphalian:
Dortmundisch: Hiəmel
Lippisch, Ravensbergisch, Westmünsterländisch: Hemmel
Sauerländisch: Hiemel, Heämel (Wenden)
Westmünsterländisch: Himmel
Plautdietsch: Himmel
→ Norwegian: himmel
→ Old Swedish: himil
Swedish: himmel
→ Finnish: himmeli
→ Old Danish: *himæl
Danish: himmel
→ Gutnish: himmel

is bocan skinan hedro fon himiles tunglun


kopian

kōpian (canonical)
kōpian (infinitive)
kōpiu (first-person present singular)
kōpta (first-person past singular)
kōpis (present second-person singular)
kōptes (past second-person singular)
kōpid (present singular third-person)
kōpta (past singular third-person)
kōpiad (plural present)
kōptun (past plural)
kōpie (first-person present singular)
kōpti (first-person past singular)
kōpies (present second-person singular)
kōptis (past second-person singular)
kōpie (present singular third-person)
kōpti (past singular third-person)
kōpien (plural present)
kōptin (past plural)
kōpi (present singular)
kōpiandi (present)
gikōpid (past)
kōpid (past)

Middle Low German: kö̂pen

Low German: köpen


hwe

hwē (canonical feminine masculine)
hwat (impersonal nominative)
hwē (nominative personal)
hwat (accusative impersonal)
hwena (accusative personal)
hwes (genitive impersonal)
hwes (genitive personal)
hwemu (dative impersonal)
hwemu (dative personal)

Middle Low German: wê, wei, wie

Low German: we, wo

From Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz.


tehan

desc

Middle Low German: tein, tēn, tīgen, tīn, tīen

Low German:

German Low German: teihn, tiehn

Hamburgisch: tein

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch: tåijjen

Sauerländisch: tian, tain

Westmünsterländisch: tehn

Plautdietsch: tieen


fiuwar

Middle Low German: vêr

Low German:

Dutch Low Saxon: vier, veer

German Low German: veer (Hamburgisch)

Westphalian:

Münsterländisch: veer

East Westphalian: veier (Paderbornisch), fåir' (Ravensbergisch)

Plautdietsch: vea

From Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres.


nigun

Middle Low German: negen

German Low German: negen

Plautdietsch: näajen


twene

twēne (canonical)
twēne (masculine nominative)
twēna (masculine nominative)
twē (neuter nominative)
twā (feminine nominative)
twō (feminine nominative)
twēne (accusative masculine)
twēna (accusative masculine)
twē (accusative neuter)
twā (accusative feminine)
twō (accusative feminine)
twēiro (genitive masculine)
twēio (genitive masculine)
twēiro (genitive neuter)
twēio (genitive neuter)
twēiro (feminine genitive)
twēio (feminine genitive)
twēm (dative masculine)
twēm (dative neuter)
twēm (dative feminine)

Low German: twee

From Proto-West Germanic *twai-. Compare Old Dutch twēne, twē, Old English twēġen, Old High German zwēne.


skulan

skulan (infinitive)
skal (first-person present singular)
skolda (first-person past singular)
skalt (present second-person singular)
skoldes (past second-person singular)
skal (present singular third-person)
skolda (past singular third-person)
skulun (plural present)
skoldun (past plural)
skuli (first-person present singular)
skoldi (first-person past singular)
skulis (present second-person singular)
skoldis (past second-person singular)
skuli (present singular third-person)
skoldi (past singular third-person)
skulin (plural present)
skoldin (past plural)
skulandi (present)

Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen

Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen

German Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen

From Proto-West Germanic *skulan.
Cognates
Compare Old Dutch skulan, sulan, Old English sculan, Old High German skulan, sulan, Old Norse skulu, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan).

9th c., Heliand, verse 621

that he should be born in Bethleem: 'so it is written in our books'

that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan

9th c., Heliand, verse 1883

Be careful against them, against their dreadful actions, just like one must be (careful) against his enemies

Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu, uuið iro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal


iuwa

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
thū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
me (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ina (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
imu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mīn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
wit (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
git (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unkero (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
unka (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
inker (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
inka (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
wī (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
we (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ge (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (masculine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (feminine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (neuter nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
unsik (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (accusative masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (accusative neuter personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
im (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwero (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwera (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Proto-Germanic *izweraz, whence also Old English ēower, Old High German iuwar, Old Norse yðvarr, Gothic 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂 (izwar).

that thar sîn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen

that where his lies: that they shall be your souls (Heliand, verse 3832)