-ie

Polish: -ie

niewymowny + -ie → niewymownie


-y

Polish: -y

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ís
Proto-Balto-Slavic *is
Proto-Slavic *jь
Old Polish -y
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъjь, the definite form of hard-stem adjectives. See *jь.


-ka

Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ъka
Old Polish -ka
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

ambroże + -ka → ambrożka


-ka

inflection of -ko:
nominative/vocative plural


-ni

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-nь
Old Polish -ni
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nь.


-in

Polish: -iny, -in

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Slavic *-inъ
Old Polish -in
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.


-na

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Slavic *-ьnъder.
Old Polish -na
Derived from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.


-ko

Polish: -ko

Silesian: -ko

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ko
Old Polish -ko
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ko.

diminutive suffix for neuter nouns; may cause various vowel shifts


-o

Polish: -o

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”). In Proto-Slavic, indefinite neuter adjectives were used as adverbs, but because Polish neuter adjectives descend from the definite neuter, the indefinite neuter suffix was fossilized as the adverbial suffix. Compare Old Polish -e.

inh+

barzy + -o → barzo


-e

Polish: -e

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ьje
Old Polish -e
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje.

etymon

forms neuter nouns denoting a place, typically from a prepositional phrase

forms adverbs from adjectives, causes softening


-i

Polish: -i

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ьjь
Old Polish -i
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьjь.

forms adjectives from nouns, usually possessive


-ina

Polish: -ina

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ina
Old Polish -ina
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

forms feminine nouns of various meanings


-ski

Polish: -ski

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas
Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ
Old Polish -ski
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ.


-ak

Polish: -ak

Silesian: -ŏk

Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas
Proto-Slavic *-akъ
Old Polish -ak
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-akъ.


-ić

Polish: -ić

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Old Polish -ić
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-iti.

ślepy + -ić → zaślepić


-ik

Polish: -ik

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ikъ
Old Polish -ik
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.


-nik

Polish: -nik

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-nъ
Proto-Slavic *-ikъ
Proto-Slavic *-nikъ
Old Polish -nik
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nikъ.

forms masculine nouns referring to a performer of some action, sometimes a device


-ca

Polish: -ca

Silesian: -ca

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ьca
Old Polish -ca
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьca.

prześladować + -ca → prześladowca


-ica

Polish: -ica

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kas
Proto-Slavic *-ica
Old Polish -ica
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ica.


-isko

Polish: -isko

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-išče
Proto-Slavic *-isko
Old Polish -isko
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-isko.

stanowić + -isko → stanowisko

forms nouns, typically relating to place


-ony

Polish: -ony

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-onъ
Old Polish -ony
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-onъ.

wymówić + -ony → wymówiony

forms masculine adjectives or adjectival participles


naj-

Polish: naj-

Silesian: noj-

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *naji-
Old Polish naj-
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *naji-.


-enie

Polish: -enie

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-nьje
Old Polish -enie
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.


-nia

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ьňà
Old Polish -nia
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьňà.

forms feminine nouns, often but not always denoting places


-óg

Polish: -óg

pir (“fest, party”) → pirog (“type of pie”)

twarz (“creation”) → twaróg (“quark”)

(no longer productive) denominal, forming attributive nouns

ostry (“sharp”) → ostróg (“spike”)

(no longer productive) deadjectival, forming attributive nouns


-nica

Polish: -nica

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ьnica
Old Polish -nica
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьnica.

pokładać + -nica → pokładnica


-ś

Polish: -ś

Silesian: -ś

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe
Proto-Indo-European *ís
Proto-Indo-European *ḱís
Proto-Balto-Slavic *śis
Proto-Slavic *sьder.
Old Polish -ś
Derived from Proto-Slavic *sь.

attached to pronouns with an undefinite meaning; some-


-by

Polish: -by

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei
Proto-Slavic *byti
Proto-Slavic *by
Old Polish by
Old Polish -by
From by.

Conditional mood
conditional mood#English


-izna

Polish: -izna

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ina
Old Polish -izna
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-izna.


-że

Polish: -że

Silesian: -że

Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge
Proto-Slavic *že
Old Polish -że
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *že.


-ość

Polish: -ość

Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis
Proto-Slavic *-ostь
Old Polish -ość
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ostь.

appended to adjectives to form names of abstract concepts, especially feelings; -ness, -hood


-arz

Polish: -arz

Etymology tree
Latin -ariusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-areis)bor.
Proto-Slavic *-ařь
Old Polish -arz
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ařь.


-owy

Polish: -owy

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ovъ
Old Polish -owy
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ovъ.

appended to nouns to form adjectives; -y


-ący

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-onts
Proto-Slavic *-ǫťь
Old Polish -ący
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫťь.

appended to verbs to form the active adjectival participle; -ing


-dło

Polish: -dło

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-trom
Proto-Slavic *-dlo
Old Polish -dło
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-dlo.

myć + -dło → mydło

nomina instrumenti
nomen instrumenti#English

forms neuter nouns, usually nomina instrumenti


-ę

Polish: -ę

Silesian: -ã

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ę
Old Polish -ę
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.

forms neuter nouns, especially referring to young animals or, more rarely, young people


-ny

Polish: -ny

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ
Old Polish -ny
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

aksamit + -ny → aksamitny


-any

Polish: -any

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-anъ
Proto-Slavic *-ěnъ
Old Polish -any
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-anъ and Proto-Slavic *-ěnъ.


-kolwiek

Polish: -kolwiek

Silesian: (rare) -kolwiek

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *kolivě
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *kolivěkъ
Old Polish -kolwiek
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kolivěkъ.

indefinite pronoun
indefinite pronoun#English

forms indefinite pronouns; -ever, -soever, any-


-ów

Polish: -ów

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ovъ
Old Polish -ów
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ovъ.


-stwo

Polish: -stwo

Silesian: -stwo

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-tusder.
Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo
Old Polish -stwo
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo.


-acz

Polish: -acz

Silesian: -ŏcz

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ačь
Old Polish -acz
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ačь.


-ch

Polish: -ch, -ich

Silesian: -ch

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-xъ
Old Polish -ch
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xъ.

Bolesław + -ch → Bolech

Jan + -ch → Jach

Miłosław + -ch → Miłoch

Miłosław + -ch → Mich

Mirosław + -ch → Mich

Paweł + -ch → Pach

Radosław + -ch → Radoch

Wacław + -ch → Wach

attached to truncated stems of masculine given names to form nicknames

attached to truncated stems of common nouns


-ować

Polish: -ować

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ovati
Old Polish -ować
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ovati.


-owa

Polish: -owa

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ovъ
Old Polish -owy
Old Polish -owa
Feminine of -owy.


-anie

Polish: -anie

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-nьje
Old Polish -anie
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.


-ły

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Slavic *-lъ
Old Polish -ły
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lъ.

forms adjectives from intransitive verbs


-ać

Polish: -ać

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-ati
Old Polish -ać
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ati.

zaślepić + -ać → zaślepiać

forms imperfective verbs from perfective ones


-ć

Polish: -ć


-ąc

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-onts
Proto-Slavic *-ǫťь
Old Polish -ąc
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫťь.

forms contemporary adverbial participles -ing


-yzna

Polish: -yzna


-ż

Polish: -ż

Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge
Proto-Slavic *že
Old Polish -ż
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *že.

albo + -ż → alboż


-yc

Polish: -yc

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-iťь
Old Polish -yc
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-iťь.

ksiądz + -yc → księżyc

forms masculine nouns, usually meaning "son of"


-ystek

wiesz + -ystek → wszystek