See powinien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for powinien meaning in Old Polish (3.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niepowinny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "powinność"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mas",
"2": "pozinien"
},
"expansion": "Masurian: pozinien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Masurian: pozinien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powinien",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: powinien, powinny (Middle Polish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: powinien, powinny (Middle Polish)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "powiniyn"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: powiniyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: powiniyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "po",
"3": "wina<alt:winie>"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + winie",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "-ny",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r",
"2": "1448",
"3": "1450"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1448–1450.",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "povinný"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech povinný",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of po + winie + -ny (predicative short form -en). First attested in 1448–1450. Compare Old Czech povinný.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adv": "powinnie"
},
"expansion": "powinien (derived adverb powinnie)",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niepowinnie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niepowinność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "powinik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powinić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"obligated; forced to doing something"
],
"id": "en-powinien-zlw-opl-adj-~E0b05Gz",
"links": [
[
"obligate",
"obligate"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) obligated; forced to doing something"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as ought; owed"
],
"id": "en-powinien-zlw-opl-adj-APaV34w6",
"links": [
[
"ought",
"ought"
],
[
"owe",
"owe"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) as ought; owed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔviɲɛːn/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔviɲen/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "powinien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish adjectives",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish univerbations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "niepowinny"
},
{
"word": "powinność"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mas",
"2": "pozinien"
},
"expansion": "Masurian: pozinien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Masurian: pozinien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powinien",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: powinien, powinny (Middle Polish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: powinien, powinny (Middle Polish)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "powiniyn"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: powiniyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: powiniyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "po",
"3": "wina<alt:winie>"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + winie",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "-ny",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r",
"2": "1448",
"3": "1450"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1448–1450.",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "povinný"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech povinný",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of po + winie + -ny (predicative short form -en). First attested in 1448–1450. Compare Old Czech povinný.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adv": "powinnie"
},
"expansion": "powinien (derived adverb powinnie)",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "niepowinnie"
},
{
"word": "niepowinność"
},
{
"word": "powinik"
},
{
"word": "wina"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powinić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"obligated; forced to doing something"
],
"links": [
[
"obligate",
"obligate"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) obligated; forced to doing something"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"as ought; owed"
],
"links": [
[
"ought",
"ought"
],
[
"owe",
"owe"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) as ought; owed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔviɲɛːn/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔviɲen/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "powinien"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: derived adverb powinnie",
"path": [
"powinien"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "powinien",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.