See powinien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niepowinny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "powinność"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powinien",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: powinien, powinny, powinień (Middle Polish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: powinien, powinny, powinień (Middle Polish)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "powiniyn"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: powiniyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: powiniyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "po",
"3": "wina<alt:winie>"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + winie",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "-ny",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r",
"2": "1448",
"3": "1450"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1448–1450",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "povinný"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech povinný",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of po + winie + -ny (predicative short form -en). First attested in 1448–1450. Compare Old Czech povinný.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adv": "powinnie"
},
"expansion": "powinien (derived adverb powinnie)",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niepowinnie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niepowinność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "powinik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powinić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 13:",
"text": "Popaszanczy zytho czyge, oth kaszdego clyvsząncza alybo skocząncza yaną czfyrcz pyenądzy zaplaczicz powynny banczcze (exsolvere teneantur)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"obligated; forced to doing something"
],
"id": "en-powinien-zlw-opl-adj-~E0b05Gz",
"links": [
[
"obligate",
"obligate"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) obligated; forced to doing something"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 41:",
"text": "Taka placza nye czinila dosycz kv powinnemv skaranyv (ad debitam coertionem)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as ought; owed"
],
"id": "en-powinien-zlw-opl-adj-APaV34w6",
"links": [
[
"ought",
"ought"
],
[
"owe",
"owe"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) as ought; owed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔviɲɛn/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔviɲɛn/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "powinien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish adjectives",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish univerbations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "niepowinny"
},
{
"word": "powinność"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powinien",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: powinien, powinny, powinień (Middle Polish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: powinien, powinny, powinień (Middle Polish)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "powiniyn"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: powiniyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: powiniyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "po",
"3": "wina<alt:winie>"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + winie",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "-ny",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r",
"2": "1448",
"3": "1450"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1448–1450",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "povinný"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech povinný",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of po + winie + -ny (predicative short form -en). First attested in 1448–1450. Compare Old Czech povinný.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adv": "powinnie"
},
"expansion": "powinien (derived adverb powinnie)",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "niepowinnie"
},
{
"word": "niepowinność"
},
{
"word": "powinik"
},
{
"word": "wina"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powinić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 13:",
"text": "Popaszanczy zytho czyge, oth kaszdego clyvsząncza alybo skocząncza yaną czfyrcz pyenądzy zaplaczicz powynny banczcze (exsolvere teneantur)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"obligated; forced to doing something"
],
"links": [
[
"obligate",
"obligate"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) obligated; forced to doing something"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 41:",
"text": "Taka placza nye czinila dosycz kv powinnemv skaranyv (ad debitam coertionem)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as ought; owed"
],
"links": [
[
"ought",
"ought"
],
[
"owe",
"owe"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) as ought; owed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔviɲɛn/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔviɲɛn/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "powinien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for powinien meaning in Old Polish (3.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: derived adverb powinnie",
"path": [
"powinien"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "powinien",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.