See chwist in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xvistati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xvistati",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1451"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1451",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from Proto-Slavic *xvistati. First attested in c. 1451.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fist",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "chwist m pers",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1455], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Miechów, Kruchowo, page 490:",
"text": "Chwysth mimus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
54
],
[
142,
147
]
],
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 403:",
"text": "Imo alicubi vocalis producitur et f mollitur, ut fysth et e converso, vocalis corripitur et ff grossatur, ut ffytaa et iterum i breviatur, ut fisth, ffita, figi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 30:",
"text": "Chwysth mimus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"ref": "1440, rękopiśmienne ekscerpty - glosy z rozariusza z rękopisu znajdującego się w zbiorach Biblioteki Klasztornej oo. Paulinów na Jasnej Górze pod sygn. II 25 z r. 1444, page 155r:",
"text": "Lvpire est clamare lecatorum et mimorum vlg. chwystow",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jester"
],
"id": "en-chwist-zlw-opl-noun-eKft-zrb",
"links": [
[
"jester",
"jester"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) jester"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 74r:",
"text": "Leno […] eyn bub oder eyn decklach chvyst",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"adulterer, paramour"
],
"id": "en-chwist-zlw-opl-noun-nY0t6TG8",
"links": [
[
"adulterer",
"adulterer"
],
[
"paramour",
"paramour"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, hapax legomenon) adulterer, paramour"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 25 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 26 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1451], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 41:",
"text": "Chvistovye nebulones",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
90
]
],
"ref": "1874 [1477], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume XVI, page 921:",
"text": "Me verbis contumeliosis et inhonestis invasit dicens: Pessime et infelix mime al. physczye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as an insult"
],
"id": "en-chwist-zlw-opl-noun-U2~PD4Uj",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, derogatory) used as an insult"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xfist/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xfist/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "chwist"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish deverbals",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish personal nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zlw-opl:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xvistati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xvistati",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1451"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1451",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from Proto-Slavic *xvistati. First attested in c. 1451.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fist",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "chwist m pers",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1455], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Miechów, Kruchowo, page 490:",
"text": "Chwysth mimus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
54
],
[
142,
147
]
],
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 403:",
"text": "Imo alicubi vocalis producitur et f mollitur, ut fysth et e converso, vocalis corripitur et ff grossatur, ut ffytaa et iterum i breviatur, ut fisth, ffita, figi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 30:",
"text": "Chwysth mimus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"ref": "1440, rękopiśmienne ekscerpty - glosy z rozariusza z rękopisu znajdującego się w zbiorach Biblioteki Klasztornej oo. Paulinów na Jasnej Górze pod sygn. II 25 z r. 1444, page 155r:",
"text": "Lvpire est clamare lecatorum et mimorum vlg. chwystow",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jester"
],
"links": [
[
"jester",
"jester"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) jester"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 74r:",
"text": "Leno […] eyn bub oder eyn decklach chvyst",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"adulterer, paramour"
],
"links": [
[
"adulterer",
"adulterer"
],
[
"paramour",
"paramour"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, hapax legomenon) adulterer, paramour"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish derogatory terms",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1451], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 41:",
"text": "Chvistovye nebulones",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
90
]
],
"ref": "1874 [1477], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume XVI, page 921:",
"text": "Me verbis contumeliosis et inhonestis invasit dicens: Pessime et infelix mime al. physczye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as an insult"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, derogatory) used as an insult"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xfist/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xfist/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "chwist"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chwist meaning in Old Polish (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.