𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁

ku-u-ru-u-š (romanization)
Kuruš (romanization)

Classical Persian: کُورُش (kūruš)

Dari: کورش (kūruš)

Iranian Persian: کوروش (kuroš)

→ Old Armenian: քորէշ (kʻorēš)

Tajik: Куруш (Kuruš)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒆪𒆪𒊏𒀾 (ᵏᵘku-ra-áš /Kuraš/), 𒆪𒆪𒊏𒀾𒋙 (ᵏᵘku-ra-áš-šú /Kurašu/), 𒆪𒊏𒀾 (ku-ra-áš /Kuraš/), 𒆪𒊏𒀾𒋙 (ku-ra-áš-šú /Kurašu/), 𒆪𒆜 (ku-raš /Kuraš/), 𒆪𒊏𒋗 (ku-ra-šu /Kurašu/), 𒆪𒊏𒋙 (ku-ra-šú /Kurašu/), 𒆪𒆜𒋙 (ku-raš-šú /Kurašu/), 𒆳𒀸 (kur-aš /Kuraš/), 𒆳𒀾 (kur-áš /Kuraš/), 𒆪𒊕 (ku-reš /Kureš/), 𒆳𒊏𒀸 (kur-ra-aš /Kuraš/), 𒆳𒁺𒀸 (kur-rá-aš /Kuraš/), 𒆳𒆜 (kur-raš /Kuraš/), 𒆳𒌇 (kur-ráš /Kuraš/), 𒆳𒊏𒋙 (kur-ra-šú /Kurašu/), 𒆳𒊕 (kur-reš /Kureš/), 𒆪𒌨𒊏𒀾 (ku-ur-ra-áš /Kuraš/), 𒆪𒌨𒊏𒋙 (ku-ur-ra-šú /Kurašu/), 𒆪𒌨𒋙 (ku-ur-šú /Kuršu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Κῦρος (Kûros), Κόρος (Kóros) (see there for further descendants)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡊𐡓𐡔 (krš)

Classical Syriac: ܟܘܪܫ (Kūreš)

→ Biblical Hebrew: כּוֹרֶשׁ (kóresh)

→ Egyptian:

Late Egyptian: kA-wA-rw-SA (kꜣwꜣrwšꜣ)

→? Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆪𒌇 (ku-ráš /Kuraš/)

→ Sanskrit: कुरुष (kuruṣa)

Of disputed origin. One theory is that it is from Elamite 𒁹𒆪𒊏𒀾 (ᵐku-ra-aš₂ /kuraš/, “shepherd, bestowed care, protector”); earliest cuneiform attestations of the name, even instances prior to the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, always end in /-aš/ as opposed to /-uš/, an unexplainable development for Akkadian and Elamite phonologically if the original was the Iranian /-uš/. This has suggested rather that the later, more well-known Iranian version is in fact the adaptation, perhaps brought on by the fact that Old Persian a stems never have a final /-š/ in the nominative but u stems do.

unk

disputed


𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁

d-a-r-y-v-u-š (romanization)
Dārayavaʰuš (romanization)

Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭠𐭫𐭠𐭡 (dʾlʾḇ /Dārā(y)/), 𐡃𐡀𐡓𐡉𐡅 (Dārayaw), 𐡃𐡀𐡓𐡉𐡍 (Dārāyān)

Persian: داراب (dârâb), دارا (dârâ)

→ Arabic: دَارَا (dārā)

→ Old Armenian: Դարա (Dara)

desc

→ Persian: داریوش (Dāryuš) (semi-learned)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒅈𒁕𒅀𒀀𒈲 (ar-da-ia-a-muš /Ardayāwuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊏𒅀𒀀𒈲 (da-a-ra-ia-a-muš /Dārayāwuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊏𒅀𒈲 (da-a-ra-ia-muš /Daārayawuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊏𒅀𒈬𒍑 (da-a-ra-ia-mu-uš /Dārayawuš/), 𒁕𒅈𒀀𒈲 (da-ar-a-muš /Darawuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊏𒈬𒍑 (da-a-ra-mu-uš /Dārawuš/), 𒁕𒅈𒀪𒀀𒈬𒍑 (da-ar-ʾ-a-mu-uš /Darʾawuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀀𒀀𒈲 (da-a-re-a-a-muš /Dāreāyawuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀀𒈲 (da-a-re-a-muš /Dāreamuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀪𒀀𒈲 (da-a-re-ʾ-a-muš /Dāreʾawuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀀𒈬𒍑 (da-a-re-a-mu-uš /da-a-re-a-mu-uš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒅎𒈲 (da-a-re-em-muš /da-a-re-em-muš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒅎𒍑𒋙 (da-a-re-em-uš-šu₂ /da-a-re-em-uš-šu₂/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒐊𒀀𒈲 (da-a-re-ia₂-a-muš /da-a-re-ia₂-a-muš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒐊𒈲 (da-a-re-ia₂-muš /da-a-re-ia₂-muš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒐊𒀪𒈲 (da-a-re-ia₂-ʾ-muš /da-a-re-ia₂-ʾ-muš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒐊𒈬𒋙 (da-a-re-ia₂-mu-šu₂ /da-a-re-ia₂-mu-šu₂/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒐊𒈬𒍑 (da-a-re-ia₂-mu-uš /da-a-re-ia₂-mu-uš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒅀𒀀𒈲 (da-a-re-ia-a-muš /Dāreyāwuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒅀𒀀𒈬𒍑 (da-a-re-ia-a-mu-uš /Dāreyāwuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒅀𒈲 (da-a-re-ia-muš /Dāreyawuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒅀𒈬𒍑 (da-a-re-ia-mu-uš /Dāreyawuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒄿𒈲 (da-a-re-i-muš /Dāreywuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒄿𒈬𒍑 (da-a-re-i-mu-uš /Dāreywuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒈲 (da-a-re-muš /Dārewuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀪𒈲 (da-a-re-ʾ-muš /Dāreʾwuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒈲𒋙 (da-a-re-muš-šu₂ /Dārewušu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒈬𒋙 (da-a-re-mu-šu₂ /Dārewušu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀪𒈬𒋙 (da-a-re-ʾ-mu-šu₂ /Dāreʾwušu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒈬𒍑 (da-a-re-mu-uš /Dārewuš/), 𒁕𒅈𒅀𒀀𒈲 (da-ar-ia-a-muš /Daryāwuš/), 𒁕𒅈𒅀𒈲 (da-ar-ia-muš /Daryawuš/), 𒁕𒅈𒅀𒈬𒍑 (da-ar-ia-mu-uš /Daryawuuš/), 𒁕𒅈𒈲 (da-ar-muš /Darwuš/), 𒁕𒅈𒀪𒈲 (da-ar-ʾ-muš /Darʾwuš/), 𒁕𒅈𒈬𒋙 (da-ar-mu-šu₂ /Darwušu/), 𒁕𒅈𒀪𒈬𒋙 (da-ar-ʾ-mu-šu₂ /Darʾwušu/), 𒁕𒅈𒊏𒀀𒈲 (da-ar-ra-a-muš /Darāmwš/), 𒁕𒅈𒊏𒋙 (da-ar-ra-šu₂ /Darašu/), 𒁕𒅈𒊑𒈲 (da-ar-re-muš /Darewuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊒𒀀𒈲 (da-a-ru-a-muš /Dāruawuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊒𒅀𒈲 (da-a-ru-ia-muš /Dāruyawuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊒𒅀𒈬𒍑𒋙 (da-a-ru-ia-mu-uš-šu₂ /Dāruyawušu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊒𒈬𒋙 (da-a-ru-mu-šu₂ /Dāruwušu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊒𒈬𒍑𒋙 (da-a-ru-mu-uš-šu₂ /Dāruwušu/), 𒁕𒁯𒈲 (ᵈᵃdar-muš /Darwuš/), 𒁕𒄷𒀀𒐊𒈲 (da-hu-a-ia₂-muš /Daḫuayawuš/), 𒁕𒊏𒀀𒈲 (da-ra-a-muš /Darāwuš/), 𒁕𒊏𒀀𒈬𒋙 (da-ra-a-mu-šu₂ /Darāwušu/), 𒁕𒊏𒐊𒈲 (da-ra-ia₂-muš /Darayamuš/), 𒁕𒊏𒅀𒀀𒈲 (da-ra-ia-a-muš /Darayāwuš/), 𒁕𒊏𒅀𒈬𒍑 (da-ra-ia-mu-uš /Darayawuš/), 𒁯𒀀𒈲 (dar-a-muš /Darawuš/), 𒁕𒊏𒈲 (da-ra-muš /Darawuš/), 𒁕𒊏𒀪𒈲 (da-ra-ʾ-muš /Daraʾwuš/), 𒁕𒊏𒈲𒋙 (da-ra-muš-šu₂ /Darawušu/), 𒁕𒊏𒈬𒋙 (da-ra-mu-šu₂ /Darawušu/), 𒁕𒊏𒈬𒋙 (da-ra-mu-uš /Darawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒐊𒈲 (da-re-a-ia₂-muš /Dareayawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒈨𒌍𒈬šu₂ (da-re-a-meš-mu-šu₂ /Dareawešwušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒈲 (da-re-a-muš /Dareawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒀪𒈲 (da-re-a-ʾ-muš /Dareaʾwuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒀀𒈲 (da-re-ʾ-a-muš /Dareʾawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒈲𒋙 (da-re-a-muš-šu₂ /Dareawušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒈬𒋙 (da-re-a-mu-šu₂ /Dareawušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒈬𒍑 (da-re-a-mu-uš /Dareawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒅎𒈬𒍑 (da-re-em-mu-uš /Darewuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒄿 (da-re-i /Darey/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒀀𒈲 (da-re-ia-a-muš /Dareyāwuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒀀𒀪𒈲 (da-re-ia-a-ʾ-muš /Dareyāʾmuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒀀𒈬𒋙 (da-re-ia-a-mu-šu₂ /Dareyāwušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒀀𒈬𒍑 (da-re-ia-a-mu-uš /Dareyāwuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒅀𒀀𒈬𒍑 (da-re-ʾ-ia-a-mu-uš /Dareʾyāwuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒈬𒈲 (da-re-ia-ᵐᵘmuš /Dareyawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒈲 (da-re-ia-muš /Dareyawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒀪𒈲 (da-re-ia-ʾ-muš /Dareyaʾwuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒅀𒈲 (da-re-ʾ-ia-muš /Dareʾyawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒈬𒋙 (da-re-ia-mu-šu₂ /Dareyawušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒈬𒍑 (da-re-ia-mu-uš /Dareyawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒅀𒈬𒍑 (da-re-ʾ-ia-mu-uš /Dareʾyawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒐊𒈲 (da-re-ia₂-muš /Dareyawuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒐊𒀀𒈲 (da-re-ia₂-a-muš /Dareyāwuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒐊𒀀𒈬𒍑 (da-re-ia₂-a-mu-uš /Dareyāwuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒐊𒈬𒋙 (da-re-ia₂-mu-šu₂ /Dareyawušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒄿𒈲 (da-re-i-muš /Dareywuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒄿𒈬𒋙 (da-re-i-mu-šu₂ /Dareywušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒄿𒈬𒍑 (da-re-i-mu-uš /Dareywuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒈬𒀀𒋗 (da-re-mu-a-šu /Darewuašu/), 𒁕𒊑𒈬𒌍 (da-re-mu-eš /Darewueš/), 𒁕𒊑𒈬𒌍𒋙 (da-re-mu-eš-šu₂ /Darewuešu/), 𒁕𒊑𒈬𒈨𒌍 (da-re-ᵐᵘmeš /Darewuweš/), 𒁕𒊑𒈬𒈲 (da-re-ᵐᵘmuš /Darewuwuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒈬𒈲 (da-re-ʾ-ᵐᵘmuš /Dareʾwuwuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒈲 (da-re-muš /Darewuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒈲 (da-re-ʾ-muš /Dareʾwmuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒈬𒃻 (da-re-mu-ša₂ /Darewuša/), 𒁕𒊑𒈲𒋙 (da-re-muš-šu₂ /Darewušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒈲𒋙 (da-re-ʾ-muš-šu₂ /Dareʾwušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒈬𒋙 (da-re-mu-šu₂ /Darewušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒈬𒋙 (da-re-ʾ-mu-šu₂ /da-re-ʾ-mu-šu₂/), 𒁕𒊑𒈬𒍑 (da-re-mu-uš /da-re-mu-uš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒈬𒍑 (da-re-ʾ-mu-uš /da-re-ʾ-mu-uš/), 𒁕𒊑𒈬𒍑𒋙 (da-re-mu-uš-šu₂ /da-re-mu-uš-šu₂/), 𒁕𒊑𒍑𒈬𒋙 (da-re-uš-mu-šu₂ /da-re-uš-mu-šu₂/), 𒁯𒐊𒀀𒈲 (dar-ia₂-a-muš /dar-ia₂-a-muš/), 𒁯𒅀𒀀𒈲 (dar-ia-a-muš /dar-ia-a-muš/), 𒁯𒅀𒈲 (dar-ia-muš /dar-ia-muš/), 𒁯𒈲 (dar-muš /dar-muš/), 𒁯𒊏𒀀𒈲 (dar-ra-a-muš /dar-ra-a-muš/), 𒁕𒊒𒈠𒀾𒋙 (da-ru-ma-aš₂-šu₂ /da-ru-ma-aš₂-šu₂/), 𒁕𒊒𒀪𒈲 (da-ru-ʾ-muš /da-ru-ʾ-muš/), 𒁕𒊒𒌑𒈨𒋙 (da-ru-u₂-me-šu₂ /da-ru-u₂-me-šu₂/), 𒁲□𒀪□𒈨𒌍 (di-x-ʾ-x-meš /di-x-ʾ-x-meš/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡃𐡓𐡅𐡔 (drwš), 𐡃𐡓𐡉𐡅𐡄𐡔 (drywhš), 𐡃𐡓𐡉𐡅𐡄𐡅𐡔 (drywhwš), 𐡃𐡓𐡉𐡅𐡔 (drywš)

Classical Syriac: ܕܪܝܘܫ (dāryāwaš)

→ Egyptian:

Late Egyptian: ini-ti-r:w-SA (jntjrwšꜣ), ini-ti-rw-i-i-w-SA (jntjrwywšꜣ), ini-ti-rw-i-i-wA-h-w-SA (jntjrwywꜣhwšꜣ), ini-ti-rw-i-i-wA-SA (jntjrwywꜣšꜣ), ini-ti-rw-wA-SA (jntjrwꜣšꜣ), ini-ti-sxt-rw-SA (jntjsḫtrwsꜣ), ini-T:rw-i-i-wA-SA (jnṯrwywꜣšꜣ), ini-T:r-i-i-w-SA (jnṯrywšꜣ), ini-N17:r-w-SA (jntꜣrwšꜣ), n:d-rw:E9-T (ndrwjwṯ), t-r-w-SA (trwšꜣ), t*t:r-w-SA (trwšꜣ), T:rw-i-i-w-h-SA (ṯrwywhšꜣ), t:r-i-i-w-SA (trywšꜣ), N17:r-w-SA (tꜣrwšꜣ), tA:rw-i-i-w-SA (tꜣrwywšꜣ), N17:rw-i-i-w-h-SA (tꜣrwywhšꜣ), tA:rw-wA-SA (tꜣrwꜣšꜣ), T:r-i-i-w-SA (ṯrywšꜣ)

→ Demotic: tꜣryꜣwš, tꜣrywš, tꜣrywhš, tꜣrywhwš, tꜣrwš, ṯrꜣwš, ṯrywš, trywš, trwyš, ṯrwš

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆪𒄷𒀀𒈠𒌋𒆜 (da-hu-a-ma-u-iš /Dahuamauiš/), 𒆪𒊑𒀀𒈠𒌋𒆜 (da-re-a-ma-u-iš /da-re-a-ma-u-iš/), 𒆪𒊑𒅀𒈠𒌋𒆜 (da-re-ia-ma-u-iš /Dareiamauiš/), 𒆪𒊑𒅀𒌋𒌑𒆜 (da-re-ia-u-u₂-iš /Dareiaūiš/)

→ Hebrew: דריווש (dar'yávesh), דָּרְיָוֶשׁ (dārəyā́weš)

→ Old Armenian: Դարեհ (Dareh)

→ Old Georgian: დარეჰ (dareh)

From 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/, “to hold, have”) + *vahuš (“good”).

af

a male given name, equivalent to English Darius


𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁

h-x-a-m-n-i-š (romanization)
Haxāmaniš (romanization)

→ Akkadian:

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Late Babylonian: 𒀀𒄩𒈠𒉌𒅖𒀪 (a-ḫa-ma-ni-iš-ʾ /Aḫamanišʾ/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀχαιμένης (Akhaiménēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡇𐡌𐡍𐡔 (ʾḥmnš)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄩𒀝𒋡𒌋𒌋𒉡𒆜 (ha-ak-ka₄-man-nu-iš /Hakamanuiš/)

From *haxā (“friend, companion”) + *maniš (“thought, mind”).


𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠

a-r-t-x-š-ç-a (romanization)
R̥taxšaçāʰ (romanization)

Middle Persian: (/Ardašīr, Ardaxšahr/)

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Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾltšdl)

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥 (ʾrtḥštr)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒅈 (ar /Ar/), 𒌒 (ár /Ar/), 𒅈𒋫𒀪𒄩𒐼𒄑𒋢 (ar-ta-ʾ-ḫa-šá-is-su /Artaʾḫašaisu/), 𒅈𒋫𒀝𒁲𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-ak-šá-as-su /Artakšasu/), 𒅈𒋳𒆳𒋢 (ar-tak-šat-su /Artakšatsu/), 𒌒𒋳𒆳𒋢 (ár-tak-šat-su /Artakšatsu/), 𒀸𒋫𒀝𒐼𒊍𒋢 (aš-ta-ak-šá-as-su /Aštakšasu/), 𒅈𒋫𒄴𒊓𒋢 (ar-ta-aḫ-sa-su /Artaḫsasu/), 𒅈𒋫𒄴𒐼𒊍𒋛𒅖 (ar-ta-aḫ-šá-as-si-iš /Artaḫšasiš/), 𒅈𒋫𒄴𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-aḫ-šá-as-su /Artaḫšasu/), 𒅈𒋫𒀝𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-ak-šá-as-su /Artakšasu/), 𒅈𒋫𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-as-su /Artasu/), 𒅈𒈭𒊓𒋢 (ar-taḫ-sa-su /Artaḫsasu/), 𒅈𒈭𒊓𒌅 (ar-taḫ-sa-tu /Artaḫsatu/), 𒅈𒈭𒊭𒊍𒋢 (ar-taḫ-ša-as-su /Artaḫšasu/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍 (ar-taḫ-šá-as /Artaḫšas/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒄴𒋢 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-aḫ-su /Artaḫšasaḫsu/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒄑𒋢 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-is-su /Artaḫšasisu/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒊓𒀾 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-sa-áš /Artaḫšasaš/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋛𒅖 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-si-iš /Artaḫšasiš/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋀 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-siš /Artaḫšasiš/), 𒅈𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-taḫ-šá-as-su /Artaḫšasu/), 𒅈𒈭𒆳𒋢 (ar-taḫ-šat-su /Artaḫšatsu/), 𒅈𒃮𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-táḫ-šá-as-su /Artaḫšasu/), 𒅈𒋳𒀀𒄭𒅆 (ar-tak-a-ḫi-ši /Artakaḫiši/), 𒅈𒋳𒊍𒋢 (ar-tak-as-su /Artakasu/), 𒅈𒋫𒅗𒋢 (ar-ta-ka-su /Artakasu/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒊍𒋛 (ar-tak-šá-as-si /Artakšasi/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ar-tak-šá-as-su /Artakšasu/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒄿𒋢 (ar-tak-šá-i-su /Artakšaisu/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒋛 (ar-tak-šá-si /Artakšasi/), 𒅈𒋳𒐼𒋢 (ar-tak-šá-su /Artakšasu/), 𒅈𒋳𒆳𒋢 (ar-tak-šat-su /Artakšatsu/), 𒅈𒋫𒊑𒋫𒊍𒋢 (ar-ta-ri-ta-as-su /Artaritasu/), 𒌒𒆳𒋢 (ár-šat-su /Aršatsu/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋛 (ár-taḫ-šá-as-si /Artaḫšasi/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šá-as-su /Artaḫšasu/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒊍𒌑𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šá-as-ú-su /Artaḫšasusu/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šá-su /Artaḫšasu/), 𒌒𒈭𒆳𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šat-su /Artaḫšatsu/), 𒌒𒈭𒐼𒍝𒋢 (ár-taḫ-šá-za-su /Artaḫšazasu/), 𒌒𒋳𒀪𒋢 (ár-tak-ʾ-su /Artakʾsu/), 𒌒𒋳𒐼𒊍𒋢 (ár-tak-šá-as-su /Artakšasu/), 𒌒𒋳𒆳𒋢 (ár-tak-šat-su /Artakšatsu/), 𒌒𒋫𒆳𒋢 (ár-ta-š[at-su] /Artaš[atsu]/), 𒀸𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋢 (aš-taḫ-šá-as-su /Aštaḫšasu/), 𒀸𒈭𒐼𒋛 (aš-taḫ-šá-si /Aštaḫšasi/), 𒀸𒈭𒆳𒋢 (aš-taḫ-šat-su /Aštaḫšatsu/), 𒀸𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋢 (aš-taḫ-šá-as-su /Aštaḫšasu/), □𒈭𒐼𒊍𒋛𒍪 (□-taḫ-šá-as-si-sú /□taḫšasisu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης (Artaxérxēs), Ἀρταξέσσης (Artaxéssēs), Ἀρτασέσσης (Artaséssēs)

→ Latin: Artaxerxēs

→ English: Artaxerxes

→ Aramaic:

אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא

Biblical Aramaic: אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא (ʾartaḥšaśt), אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא (ʾartaḥšast)

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡇𐡔𐡎𐡔 (ʾrtḥšsš)

→ Egyptian:

Demotic: ꜣrṱẖšsš, ꜣrṱẖštš, ꜣrṱẖšṱš, ꜣrṱẖṱš

Late Egyptian: A-rw:T-xA-S-z:SA (ꜣrwṯḫꜣšsšꜣ), A-r:N17-xA-SA-z:SA (ꜣrtꜣḫꜣšꜣsšꜣ), A-rw-N17:x-SA-SA-s (ꜣrwtꜣḫšꜣšꜣs), A-rw:N17-xA-SA-z:SA (ꜣrwtꜣḫꜣšꜣsšꜣ), A-rw:T-x:S-s-A (ꜣrwṯḫšsꜣ)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒅅𒐼𒆜𒐼 (ir-da-ik-šá-iš-šá /Irdaikšaiša/), 𒅕𒋳𒅅𒐼𒀾𒐼 (ir-tà-ik-šá-áš-šá /Irtaikšaša/), 𒅕𒋳𒅅𒐼𒅖𒐼 (ir-tà-ik-šá-iš-šá /Irtaikšaiša/)

𐊁𐊕𐊗𐊀𐊋𐊖𐊖𐊆𐊕𐊀𐊈𐊀-

→ Lycian: 𐊁𐊕𐊗𐊀𐊋𐊖𐊖𐊆𐊕𐊀𐊈𐊀- (ertakssiraza-) (possibly)

→ Lydian: 𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤠𐤨𐤮𐤠𐤳𐤳𐤠𐤬 (artaksaššao), 𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤠𐤨𐤮𐤠𐤮𐤳𐤠 (artakśaś[sa])

From Proto-Iranian *Hr̥taxšaθrah. Equivalent to 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (r̥taʰ, “Asha; truth”) + 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (xšaçam, “realm; reign”). Cognate with Parthian 𐭀𐭓𐭕𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓 (ʾrtḥštr /Ardaxšahr/).


Bagadātah

Middle Persian: (/Baydād/)

desc

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭢𐭣𐭲 (bgdt), 𐭡𐭢𐭣𐭠𐭲𐭩 (bgdʾty)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒁀𒀝𒁕𒌈 (ba-ag-da-tu₄ /Bagdatu/), 𒁀𒂵𒀪𒁕𒀀𒋫 (ba-ga-ʾ-da-a-ta /Bagaʾdāta/), 𒁀𒂵𒀪𒁕𒀀𒋫𒀪 (ba-ga-ʾ-da-a-ta-ʾ /Bagaʾdātaʾ/), 𒁀𒂵𒀪𒁕𒀀𒋾 (ba-ga-ʾ-da-a-ti /Bagaʾdāti/), 𒁀𒂵𒀪𒁕𒀀𒌅 (ba-ga-ʾ-da-a-tú /Bagaʾdātu/), 𒁀𒂵𒀪𒁕𒀜𒋫𒀪 (ba-ga-ʾ-da-at-ta-ʾ /Bagaʾdātaʾ/), 𒁀𒂵𒀪𒁕𒋫𒀪 (ba-ga-ʾ-da-ta-ʾ /Bagaʾdataʾ/), 𒁀𒂵𒁕𒀀𒋾 (ba-ga-da-a-ti /Bagadāti/), 𒁀𒂵𒁕𒀀𒌓 (ba-ga-da-a-tú /Bagadātu/), 𒁀𒂵𒁕𒀀𒌈 (ba-ga-da-a-tu₄ /Bagadātu/), 𒁀𒂵𒁕𒁺 (ba-ga-da-du /Bagadadu/), 𒄷𒁕𒁕 (bag-da-da /Bagdada/), 𒁀𒄀𒁕𒀀𒌓 (ba-ge-da-a-tú /Bagedātu/), 𒀭𒈨𒌍𒁕𒀀𒋫 (DINGIR.MEŠ-da-a-ta /Bagadāta/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡁𐡂𐡃𐡕 (bgdt)

→ Egyptian:

Demotic: [script needed] (pgtt)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁀𒀝𒆪𒀜𒆪 (ba-ak-da-ad-da /Bakdada/), 𒁀𒀝𒆪𒌓𒆪 (ba-ak-da-ud-da /Bakdauda/), 𒁀𒅅𒆪𒌓𒆪 (ba-ik-da-ud-da /Baikdauda/), 𒁀𒋡𒆪𒀜 (ba-ka₄-da-ad /Bakadad/), 𒁀𒋡𒆪𒀜𒆪 (ba-ka₄-da-ad-da /Bakadada/), 𒁀𒋡𒆪𒆪 (ba-ka₄-da-da /Bakadada/), 𒁀𒋡𒆪𒌓𒆪 (ba-ka₄-da-ud-da /Bakadauda/)

→ Ancient Greek: Βαγαδάτες (Bagadátes), Βαγαδάτης (Bagadátēs), Μαγαδάτες (Magadátes) (possibly from a Proto-Armenian form)

→ Latin: Bagadates

→ English: Bagadates

→ Old Armenian: Բագադիա (Bagadia)

From Proto-Iranian *BágadaHtah. Equivalent to 𐏎 (BG /bagaʰ/, “god”) + 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”).


𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎣

a-r-š-k (romanization)
R̥šakaʰ (romanization)

Middle Persian: *Aršak

Persian: ارشک (aršak), اشک (Ašk)

→ Arabic: أَشَك (ʔašak)

→ Gandhari: 𐨀𐨪𐨿𐨮𐨐 (Arṣaka)

→ Old Armenian: Արշակ (Aršak) (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Chinese: 安息 (ʔan-sik)

→ Ossetian: Арсӕгтӕ (Arsægtæ)

→ Parthian:

desc

Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊 (ʾršk /Aršak/)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܪܫܟ (ʾAršaḵ)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρσάκης (Arsákēs)
Greek: Αρσάκης (Arsákis)
→ Latin: Arsacēs

From *(w)r̥šā (“man; hero”) + 𐎣 (k /-kaʰ/, hypocoristic suffix). First element alternatively from *r̥šaʰ (“bear”), from Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah.


𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎨𐎴

Aspacanāʰ (romanization)
nom. (romanization singular)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒊍𒉺𒅆𒉌 (as-pa-ši-ni /Aspašini/), 𒀀𒊓𒉺𒅆𒅔 (a-sa-pa-ši-in /Asapašin/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡎𐡐𐡔𐡍 (ʾspšn)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒀾𒁀𒍝𒈾 (áš-ba-za-na /Ašbazana/), 𒀾𒁀𒍢𒈾 (áš-ba-zí-na /Ašbazina/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀσπαθίνης (Aspathínēs)
→ Latin: Aspathinēs

Nominative singular of Aspačanah (literally “delighting in horses”), from 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (aspa, “horse”) + *čanah (“desire”) (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kan-).
Compare equivalent in Old Median *Aspačinā (literally “desiring for horses”).

cog

a male given name most famously held by a senior official under Darius the Great and Xerxes. Aspacanah, Aspacana, Aspachanah, Aspachana, Aspathines, Aspačanā, Aspathines


𐎠𐎼𐎧

a-r-x (romanization)
Araxaʰ (romanization)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒀀𒊏𒄷 (a-ra-ḫu /Araḫu/)

→ Armenian: Արախա (Araxa)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄩𒊩𒋡 (ha-rák-ka₄ /Haraka/)

Unknown; possibly of Armenian origin, compare արքայ (arkʻay, “king”) or երախայ (eraxay, “child”).

𐏑 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎧 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴𐎡/𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎾𐎮𐎡𐎫𐏃𐎹

One man named Araxa, an Armenian, son of Haldita

Aiva martiya Arxa nāma Arminiya Halditahya puça

A male given name of historical usage, Arakha


𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱

vi-š-t-a-s-p (romanization)
Vištāspaʰ (romanization)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱 (nominative singular)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎠 (nominative plural)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎠 (singular vocative)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎶 (accusative singular)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎠 (accusative plural)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹 (dative genitive singular)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 (dative genitive plural)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎠 (singular)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 (plural)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎡𐎹 (locative singular)
𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎡𐎿𐎢𐎺𐎠 (locative plural)

Middle Persian:

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭢𐭥𐭱𐭲𐭮𐭯 (gʿštsp /Guštāsp/), 𐭥𐭱𐭲𐭠𐭮𐭯𐭩 (ʿštʾspy /Wištāsp/)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒍑𒋫𒊍𒉺 (uš-ta-as-pa /Uštaspa/), 𒍑𒋫𒊍𒉿 (uš-ta-as-pi /Uštaspi/), 𒍑𒋫𒊍𒁍 (uš-ta-as-pu /Uštaspu/), 𒍑𒌨𒁍 ([uš-ta]s-pu /Uštaspu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ὑστάσπης (Hustáspēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡅𐡔𐡕𐡀𐡎𐡐 (wštʾsp)

→ Egyptian:

Late Egyptian: wA-i-i-SA-ti-i-Aa18:p-i-i (wꜣyšꜣtjsꜣpy)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈪𒆜𒆪𒀾𒁀 (mi-iš-da-áš-ba /Mišdašba/)

→ Lycian: 𐊇𐊆𐊈𐊗𐊗𐊖𐊓𐊓𐊀 (Wizttsppa)

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬯𐬞𐬀 (Vištāspa). Equivalent to *vištah (“free, unbridled”) + 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /asaʰ/), 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (a-s-p /aspaʰ/, “horse”).

af

(please add the primary text of this usage example)
Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya vazạrka Vištāspahạyā puça Haxāmanišiya
Darius, the great king, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenid

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Hystaspes


𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹

k-b-u-ji-i-y (romanization)
Kaᵐbūjiyaʰ (romanization)

Persian: کمبوجیه (kambujiye) (right loanword)

Iranian Persian: کامبیز (Kāmbīz) (via French)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒄰𒁍𒍣𒐊 (kam-bu-zi-iá /Kambuzia/), 𒃮𒁍𒍣𒐊 (gab-b[u-zi]-iá /Gabuzia/), 𒃵𒁍𒍣𒅀 (gam-bu-zi-ia /Gambuzia/), 𒃵𒁍𒍣𒐊 (gam-bu-zi-iá /Gambuzia/), 𒅗𒄠𒁍𒍣𒐊 (ka-am-bu-zi-iá /Kambuzia/), 𒅗𒄠𒁍𒍣𒐊 (ka-am-mu-zi-iá /Kammuzia/), 𒅗𒄠𒈬𒍣𒅀 (ka-am-mu-zi-ia /Kammuzia/), 𒅗𒁀𒍣𒐊 (ka-ba-zi-iá /Kabazia/), 𒄰𒄠𒁍𒍣𒅀 (kamᵃᵐ-bu-zi-ia /Kambuzia/), 𒄰𒄠𒁍𒍣𒐊 (kamᵃᵐ-bu-zi-iá /Kambuzia/), 𒄰𒁍𒋛𒁲 (kam-bu-si-sá /Kambusisa/), 𒄰𒁍𒌑𒍣𒅀 (kam-bu-ú-zi-ia /Kambūzia/), 𒄰𒁉𒍣𒀀 (kam-bi-zi-a /Kambizia/), 𒄰𒁍𒍣𒄿𒀀 (kam-bu-zi-i-a /Kambuzīa/), 𒄰𒁍𒍣𒅀 (kam-bu-zi-ia /Kambuzia/), 𒄰𒁍𒍣𒐊 (kam-bu-zi-iá /Kambuzia/), 𒄰𒁍𒍣𒍣 (kam-bu-zi-<> /Kambuzizi/), 𒆪𒄠𒁍𒍣𒅀 (ku-am-bu-zi-ia /Kuambuzia/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Καμβύσης (Kambúsēs)
Greek: Καμβύσης (Kamvýsis)
→ Latin: Cambȳsēs

→ Aramaic:

desc

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡊𐡁𐡅𐡆𐡉 (kbwz[y]), 𐡊𐡍𐡁𐡅𐡆𐡉 (knbwzy), 𐡊𐡍𐡁𐡆𐡉 (knbzy)

→ Egyptian:

Late Egyptian: k-m-b-i-T (kmbjṯ), k-m-b-i-T:t (kmbjṯt), k:n-b-w-DA (knbwḏꜣ)

Demotic: gmꜣḏ, kbḏ

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒃷𒁍𒍢𒄿 (kán-bu-zí-ia /Kanbuziya/)

Meaning and etymology still uncertain, Supposed by some scholars to be related to Kamboja, although "there are also scholars who denounce a connection between Kamboja and Kambujiya … and who defend another etymology".


𐎲𐎥𐎲𐎢𐎧𐏁

b-g-b-u-x-š (romanization)
Bagabuxšaʰ (romanization)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒁀𒂵𒁍𒊌𒋙 (ba-ga-bu-uk-šú /Bagabukšu/)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁀𒋡𒁍𒊌𒊭 (ba-ka₄-bu-uk-ša /Bakabukša/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Μεγάβυζος (Megábuzos), Μεγάβυξος (Megábuxos)
Greek: Μεγάβυζος (Megávyzos)
→ Latin: Megabyzus

From 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /bagaʰ/, “god”) + *bauxšati (“to be saved”) (whence Middle Persian 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫅 (bwxsyd /bōxsēd/)), from Proto-Iranian *báwxšati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰáwxšati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwg-se-ti, from *bʰewg- (“to release, flee”) + *-seti. Second element alternatively from homonym Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to enjoy, experience; to make use of”).


𐎳𐎼𐎺𐎼𐎫𐎡𐏁

f-r-v-r-t-i-š (romanization)
Fravartiš (romanization)

→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡐𐡓𐡅𐡓𐡕 (prwrt)

desc

→ Achaemenid Elamite: 𒉺𒅈𒈥𒋾𒅖 (pa-ar-mar-ti-iš), 𒉺𒅈𒌑𒈥𒋾𒅖 (pa-ar-ú-mar-ti-iš)

→ Ancient Greek: Φραόρτης (Phraórtēs)

Latin: Phraortes

Borrowed from Old Median *Fravartiš, from Proto-Iranian *frawr̥Htíš, from *fra- (“formost”) + *wr̥Htíš (“choice, wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *wélh₁-ti-s ~ *wl̥h₁-téy-s, from *welh₁- (“to choose, want”) + *-tis. Cognate with Old Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬴𐬌 (frauuaṣ̌i, “guardian spirit”).


𐎻𐎡𐎭𐎳𐎼𐎴𐎠

head

𐎻𐎡𐎭𐎳𐎼𐎴𐎠 (vi-i-d-f-r-n-a /Viⁿdafarnāʰ/) m

vi-i-d-f-r-n-a (romanization)
Viⁿdafarnāʰ (romanization)

desc

Middle Persian: (/Gundafarr, Gundaxwarr/)

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭢𐭥𐭭𐭣𐭯𐭥 (gwndpr), 𐭢𐭥𐭭𐭣𐭯𐭫𐭩 (gwndply), 𐭢𐭥𐭭𐭣𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭫𐭠 (gwndḥwʾl)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒌑𒈪𒅔𒋫𒉺𒅈𒈾𒀪 (ú-mi-in-ta-pa-ar-na-ʾ /Umintaparnaʾ/), 𒌑𒈪𒅔𒋫𒌓𒈾𒀪 (ú-mi-in-ta-par-na-ʾ /Umintaparnaʾ/), 𒌦𒁕𒉺𒅈𒈾𒀪 (un-da-pa-ar-na-ʾ /Undaparnaʾ/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡅𐡍𐡃𐡐𐡓𐡍 (wndprn)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰνταφέρνης (Intaphérnēs), Ἰνταφρένης (Intaphrénēs), Ἰνδοφέρρης (Indophérrhēs)
→ Latin: Intaphernēs

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈪𒅔𒁕𒁇𒈾 (mi-in-da-bar-na /Mindabarna/), 𒈪𒅔𒋰𒁇𒈾 (mi-in-tab-bar-na /Mintabarna/)

From *viⁿdati (“to find, obtain, gain”), from Proto-Iranian *winásti ~ *windánti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *winátˢti ~ *windánti, from Proto-Indo-European *wi-né-d-ti ~ *wi-n-d-énti, from *weyd- (“to see”), + *farnāh (“glory”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (viδat.xᵛarənah), Parthian 𐭅𐭉𐭍𐭃𐭐𐭓𐭍 (wyndprn /Windafarn/), 𐭅𐭉𐭍𐭃𐭐𐭓𐭍𐭊 (wyndprnk /Windafarnak/).

cog

𐬬𐬌𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵


R̥šitah

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒅈𒊑𒋃𒌓 (ar-ri-šit-tu₂ /Arišitu/), 𒅈𒊑𒋃𒌈 (ar-ri-šit-tu₄ /Arišitu/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρσίτης (Arsítēs)
→ Latin: Arsītēs

From *(w)r̥šā (“man; hero”) + 𐎡𐎫 (i-t /-itaʰ/, hypocoristic suffix).


𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠𐎶

a-r-š-a-m (romanization)
R̥šāmaʰ (romanization)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒅈𒃻𒄠 (ar-šá-am /Aršam/), 𒅈𒃻𒄠𒈠 (ar-šá-am-ma /Aršama/), 𒅈𒃻𒄠𒈠𒀪 (ar-šá-am-ma-ʾ /Aršamaʾ/), 𒅈𒌑 (ar-šam /Aršam/), 𒅈𒌑𒈬 (ar-šam-mu /Aršamu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρσάμης (Arsámēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡔𐡌 (ʾršm)

Classical Syriac: [script needed] (Aršām)

→ Egyptian:

Demotic: ꜣršm

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒐼𒈠 (ir-šá-ma /Iršama/), 𒅕𒐼𒌝𒈠 (ir-šá-um-ma /Iršauma/)

→ Old Armenian: Արշամ (Aršam)

→ Lycian: 𐊀𐊕𐊖𐊖𐊙𐊎𐊀 (arssãma)

From *(w)r̥šā (“bull; male”) + *amah (“power, force”).


R̥tavazdāh

Persian: اشاوزد (ašâvazd) (< *Ašavazdāʰ)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: Արտաւազդ (Artawazd)
→ Armenian: Արտավազդ (Artavazd) (learned)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒁺𒈦𒆪 (ir-du-maš-da /Irdumašda/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρταβάζης (Artabázēs), Ἀρτάβαζος (Artábazos), Ἀρτάοζος (Artáozos), Ἀρταουάσδης (Artaouásdēs)

→ Greek: Αρτάβαζος (Artávazos)

→ Latin: Artabazus, Artavasdes

Calque of Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀𐬵 (Aṣ̌auuazdah), from 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /artaʰ/, “Asha; truth”) + *vazdāh (“persistence, endurance”). Cognate Sanskrit वेधा ऋतष्य (vedhā́ ṛtáṣya).


R̥tastūnā

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒆜𒁺𒈾 (ir-da-iš-du-na /Irdaišduna/), 𒅕𒌨𒁺𒈾 (ir-taš-du-na /Irtašduna/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρτυστώνη (Artustṓnē)

→ Latin: Artystōnē

From 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /artaʰ/, “Asha; truth”) + 𐎿𐎬𐎢𐎴𐎠 (stūnā, “pillar, column”).


Vātafradātah

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡅𐡕𐡐𐡓𐡃𐡕 (wtprdt)

desc

Αὐτοφραδάτης

→ Ancient Greek: Αὐτοφραδάτης (Autophradátēs)

→ Lycian: 𐊇𐊀𐊗𐊀𐊓𐊕𐊅𐊅𐊀𐊗𐊀 (Wataprddata)

From *vātah (“wind; wind-god Vata”) + *fradātah (“bestowed”), from Proto-Iranian *fradaHtáh, from *fra- + *daHtáh.


Ciθravahištah

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Τιθραύστης (Tithraústēs)

From *ciθrah (“lineage; appearance”) + *vahištah (“best”).


Ciθrafarnāh

→ Akkadian:

desc

Neo-Assyrian: 𒅆𒋛𒀀𒉺𒅈𒈾 (ši-ṭir-pa-ar-na /Šiṭirparna/)

→ Ancient Greek: Τετραφέρνης (Tetraphérnēs)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒍢𒌓𒊏𒁇𒈾 (zí-ut-ra-bar-na /Ziutrabarna/)

From *ciθrah (“shining; appearance; lineage”) + *farnāh (“glory”).


Miθravahištah

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Μιθραύστης (Mithraústēs), Μιθρώστης (Mithrṓstēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡕𐡓𐡅𐡄𐡔𐡕 (mtrwhšt)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + *vahištah (“best”).


Ciçafarnāh

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Τισσαφέρνης (Tissaphérnēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡔𐡔𐡐𐡓𐡍 (ššprn)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒍢𒅖𒐼𒁇𒈾 (zí-iš-šá-bar-na /Zišabarna/)

→ Lycian: 𐊋𐊆𐊈𐊈𐊀𐊓𐊕𐊑𐊏𐊀 (Kizzaprñna), 𐊈𐊆𐊖𐊀𐊓𐊕𐊑𐊏𐊀 (Zisaprñna)

From 𐎨𐎡𐏂 (čiçaʰ, “shining; appearance; lineage”) + *farnāh (“glory”).


Spiθradātah

→ Akkadian:

q

Late Babylonian: 𒂠𒉿𒊑𒁕𒀀𒋫 (ís-pi-ri-da-a-ta /Ispiridāta/) (< Late Old Persian *Spihradātah or Middle Persian *Spīrdāt)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Σπιθραδάτης (Spithradátēs)

From *spiθrah (“heaven”) + 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”).


Miθrabr̥zans

desctree

Μιθροβαρζάνης

→ Ancient Greek: Μιθροβαρζάνης (Mithrobarzánēs)
Greek: Μιθροβαρζάνης (Mithrovarzánis)
→ Latin: Mithrobarzanēs

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈪𒌓𒊏𒁇𒍝𒈾 (mi-ut-ra-bar-za-na /Miutrabarzana/)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + *br̥zans (“high, exalted”).


Aryābr̥zans

desctree

Ἀριοβαρζάνης

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀριοβαρζάνης (Ariobarzánēs)
Greek: Αριοβαρζάνης (Ariovarzánis)
→ Latin: Ariobarzanēs

From 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-r-i-y-a /Aryā/, “Iranians”) + *br̥zans (“high, exalted”). Doublet of *Aryābr̥dāh.


Šyātibr̥zans

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒐼𒋫𒁀𒅈𒍝𒈾𒀪 (šá--ba-ar-za-na-ʾ /Šatabarzanaʾ/), 𒐼𒋫𒁀𒅈𒍝𒉡 (šá-ta-ba-ar-za-nu /Šatabarzanu/), 𒃻𒋫𒁇𒍝𒈾 (šá-ta-bar-za-na /Šatabarzana/), 𒃻𒋫𒁇𒍝𒉡 (šá-ta-bar-za-nu /Šatabarzanu/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡔𐡕𐡁𐡓𐡆𐡍 (štbrzn)

desctree

Σατιβαρζάνης

→ Ancient Greek: Σατιβαρζάνης (Satibarzánēs)
Greek: Σατιβαρζάνης (Sativarzánis)
→ Latin: Satibarzanēs

From 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎡𐏁 (š-i-y-a-t-i-š /šyātiš/, “peace, happiness”) + *br̥zans (“high, exalted”).


Miθrabaujanah

desctree

Μιθραβαυζάνης

→ Ancient Greek: Μιθραβαυζάνης (Mithrabauzánēs), Μιθροβαυζάνης (Mithrobauzánēs), Μιθροβουζάνης (Mithrobouzánēs)
Greek: Μιθραβαυζάνης (Mithravavzánis)
→ Latin: Mithrabauzanēs

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡕𐡓𐡁𐡆𐡍 (mtrbzn)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + *baujanah (“profit, advantage”).


Spantadātah

Middle Persian:

desc

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (spnddʾt' /Spanddād/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡎𐡐𐡍𐡕𐡃𐡕 (spntdt)

→ Old Armenian: Սպանդարատ (Spandarat)

→ Georgian: სპანდატ (sṗandaṭ)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Σφενδαδάτης (Sphendadátēs)
Greek: Σφενδαδάτης (Sfendadátis)
→ Latin: Sphendadatēs

From *spantah (“beneficent, sacred; Holy”) + 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬉𐬥𐬙𐬋𐬛𐬁𐬙𐬀 (spēntō.dāta), Parthian 𐭎𐭐𐭍𐭃𐭕𐭊 (Spanddātak), Sogdian 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐼻𐼹𐼰𐽂 (ʾspnδʾt /Əspandat/), 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐼰𐼻𐼹𐽂 (ʾspʾnδt /Əspandat/), 𐼼𐼾𐼻𐼰𐼹𐽂 (spnʾδt /Əspandat/), 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐼻𐼹𐽂 (ʾspnδt /Əspandat/), 𐼼𐼾𐼻𐼹𐽂 (spnδt /Əspandat/).


Māhibaujanah

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Μαιβουζάνης (Maibouzánēs)
Greek: Μαιβουζάνης (Maivouzánis)
→ Latin: Maebuzanēs

→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡄𐡉𐡁𐡅𐡆𐡍 (mhybwzn)

From *Māhiš (“moon deity Mah”) + *baujanah (“profit, advantage”). Cognate with Parthian 𐭌𐭄𐭁𐭅𐭆𐭍 (Māhbōžan).


Raivamiθrah

Middle Persian:

desc

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭫𐭩𐭥𐭬𐭲𐭥 (lywmtr /Rēvmihr/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥεομίθρης (Rheomíthrēs)
→ Latin: Rheomithrēs

From *raivah (“rich; splendid”) + 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (Miθraʰ, “Mithra”).


Miθraupastah

desc

Μιθροπαύστης

→ Ancient Greek: Μιθρωπάστης (Mithrōpástēs), Μιθροπαύστης (Mithropaústēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡕𐡓𐡅𐡐𐡎𐡕 (mtrwpst)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + [Term?] (“servant, helper”) + *upastah, comapare 𐎢𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠 (u-p-s-t-a /upastā/, “help, assistance”), Sanskrit उपस्ति (úpasti, “subordinate, subject”).


Māhidātah

desc

Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mʾḥdʾt' /Māhdād/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡄𐡃𐡕 (mhdt)

→ Elamite:

Elamite: 𒈠𒀀𒆪𒆪 (ma-a-da-da /Mādada/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Μαιδάτας (Maidátas)
Greek: Μαιδάτας (Maidátas)
→ Latin: Maedatas

→ Latin: Maedates

From Proto-Iranian *MāHidaHtah. Equivalent to *Māhiš (“moon deity Mah”) + 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”). Cognate with Parthian 𐭌𐭄𐭃𐭕 (Māhdāt).


Vahumanah

Middle Persian: (/Wahman/)

Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫍𐫖𐫗 (whmn)

desc

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (whwmn')

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒌑𒄷𒈠𒈾𒀪 (ú-ḫu-ma-na-ʾ /Uḫumanaʾ/)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈠𒌋𒎙𒈾 (ma-u-man-na /Maumana/), 𒌋𒎙𒈾 (u-man-na /Umana/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ὠμάνης (Ōmánēs)
Greek: Ὠμάνης (Ōmánēs)
→ Latin: Ōmanēs

From Proto-Iranian *Hwahumanah, from *Hwáhuš (“good”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwásuš, + *mánah (“mind, thought”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mánas. Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵 (vohu.manah), Parthian 𐭅𐭄𐭅𐭌𐭍𐭉 (Wahman), 𐭅𐭄𐭅𐭌𐭍𐭊 (Wahmanak).


Miθrafarnāh

Middle Persian: (/Mihrxwarr, Mihrfarr/)

desc

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭬𐭲𐭥𐭤𐭥𐭫 (mtrhwl)

→ Ancient Greek: Μιθραφέρνης (Mithraphérnēs), Μιτραφέρνης (Mitraphérnēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡕𐡓𐡐𐡓𐡍 (mtrprn)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + *farnāh (“glory”).


Šyātifarnāh

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅆𒅀𒋾𒁇𒈾 (ši-ia-ti-bar-na /Šiyatibarna/)

→ Ancient Greek: Σατιφέρνης (Satiphérnēs)

From 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎡𐏁 (š-i-y-a-t-i-š /šyātiš/, “peace, happiness”) + *farnāh (“glory, splendour”).


Miθrapātah

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Μιτροβάτης (Mitrobátēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡕𐡓𐡐𐡕 (mtrpt)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈪𒌉𒊏𒁀𒁕 (mi-tur-ra-ba-da /Miturabada/), 𒈪𒌓𒊏𒁀𒆪 (mi-ut-ra-ba-da /Miutrabada/), 𒈪𒌓𒊏𒁀𒌓𒁕 (mi-ut--ba-ud-da /Miutrabauda/)

→ Lycian: 𐊎𐊆𐊉𐊕𐊀𐊓𐊀𐊗𐊀 (Miθrapata), 𐊎𐊆𐊉𐊕𐊀𐊓𐊀𐊗𐊆 (Miθrapati), 𐊎𐊆𐊈𐊕𐊓𐊓𐊀𐊗𐊀 (Mizrppata)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + 𐎱𐎠𐎫 (p-a-t /pātaʰ/, “protected”).


Farnahdātah

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡐𐡓𐡍𐡃𐡕 (prndt)

→ Egyptian:

Demotic: prntt, prndd

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁇𒅔𒆪𒀜𒆪 (bar-in-da-ad-da /Barindada/), 𒁇𒈾𒆪𒀜𒆪 (bar-na-da-ad-da /Barnadada/), 𒁇𒈾𒆪𒆪 (bar-na-da-da /Barnadada/), 𒁇𒈾𒆪𒌓𒆪 (bar-na-da-ud-da /Barnadauda/), 𒉺𒅕𒅔𒆪𒀜𒆪 (pa-ir-in-da-ad-da /Pairindada/), 𒉺𒅕𒅔𒆪𒆪 (pa-ir-in-da-da /Pairindada/), 𒉺𒅕𒈾𒆪𒆪 (pa-ir-na-da-da /Pairnadada/), 𒉺𒊏𒀭𒆪𒀜𒆪 (pa-ra-an-da-ad-da /Parandada/), 𒉺𒊏𒀭𒆪𒆪 (pa-ra-an-da-da /Parandada/)

→ Ancient Greek: Φαρανδάτης (Pharandátēs), Φερενδάτης (Pherendátēs)

From *farnāh (“glory”) + 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”).


Pišišyauθnah

Middle Persian:

desc

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pyššwtn' /Pišišōtan/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Πισσούθνης (Pissoúthnēs)
Greek: Πισσούθνης (Pissoúthnis)
→ Latin: Pissūthnēs

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬳𐬌⸱𐬳𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬊𐬚𐬥𐬆𐬨 (piš́i.š́iiaoθnəm), from unknown element + *čyáwθnam (“deed, work”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čyáwtnam, from *čyáwati (“to move, stir; to undertake”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyéw-ti, from *kʷyew- (“to set in motion”), + *-tnam.

bor

𐬞𐬌𐬳𐬌⸱𐬳𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬊𐬚𐬥𐬆𐬨


Raucakah

Late Old Persian: Rōcakah

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥωσάκης (Rhōsákēs)

→ Latin: Rhōsacēs

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥοισάκης (Rhoisákēs)

→ Latin: Rhoesacēs

desc

→ Achaemenid Elamite: 𒊏𒌋𒄑𒍝𒋡 (ra-u-iz-za-ka₄ /Rauizaka/), 𒊏𒌋𒍝𒋡 (ra-u-za-ka₄ /Rauzaka/), 𒊏𒌋𒍨𒋡 (ra-u-zik-ka₄ /Rauzika/), 𒊏𒄑𒍝𒀝𒋡 (ra-iz-za-ak-ka₄ /Raizaka/), 𒊒𒄑𒍨𒋡 (ru-iz-zi[k]-ka₄ /Ruizika/), 𒊏𒍨𒋡 (ra-zik-ka₄ /Razika/)

From 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h /raucah/, “light; day”) + 𐎣 (k /-kaʰ/, hypocoristic suffix).


Arvantapātah

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡅𐡍𐡕𐡐𐡕 (ʾrwntpt)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ὀροντοβάτης (Orontobátēs), Ὀροντοπάτης (Orontopátēs)

From *arvāh ~ *arvantah (“swift; deity Vāyu”) + 𐎱𐎠𐎫 (p-a-t /pātaʰ/, “protected”).


Bagaciθrah

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡁𐡂𐡔𐡕𐡓 (bgštr)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Μεγασίδρης (Megasídrēs)
Greek: Μεγασίδρης (Megasídris)
→ Latin: Megasidrēs

From 𐏎 (BG /bagaʰ/, “god”) + *ciθrah (“shining; appearance; lineage”).


Parušyātiš

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁀𒅕𒊒𒅆𒅀𒋾𒆜 (ba-ir-ru-ši-ia-t[i]-iš /Bairušiyatiš/), 𒁇𒊒𒅆𒅀𒋾𒆜 (bar-ru-ši-ia-ti-iš /Barušiyatiš/), 𒁀𒊑𒅆𒅀𒋾𒆜 (ba-ri-ši-ia-ti-iš /Barišiyatiš/)

→ Ancient Greek: Παρύσατις (Parúsatis)

From 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺 (p-ru-u-v, “much, many”) + 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎡𐏁 (š-i-y-a-t-i-š /šyātiš/, “peace, happiness”).


Ātr̥dātah

Middle Persian: (/Ādurdād/)

desc

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾtwrdʾt')

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭥𐭣𐭠𐭲 (ʾtwrdʾt)

→ Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄩𒋻𒆪𒆪 (ha-tar-da-da /Hatardada/), 𒄩𒌉𒆪𒀜𒆪 (ha-tur-da-ad-da /Haturdada/), 𒄩𒌉𒆪𒆪 (ha-tur-da-da /Haturdada/), 𒄩𒌉𒆪𒌓𒆪 (ha-tur-da-ud-da /Haturdauda/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀτραδάτης (Atradátēs)


Bagapātah

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒄷𒀪𒀀𒉺𒀀𒌈 (bag-ʾ-a-pa-a-tu₄ /Bagʾapātu/), 𒁀𒂵𒀪𒉺𒀀𒌓 (ba-ga-ʾ-pa-a-tú /Bagaʾpātu/), 𒁀𒂵𒀪𒉺𒁕 (ba-ga-ʾ-pa-da /Bagaʾpada/), 𒁀𒂵𒉺𒀀𒋫 (ba-ga-pa-a-ta /Bagapāta/), 𒁀𒂵𒉺𒀀𒌈 (ba-ga-pa-a-tu₄ /Bagapātu/), 𒁀𒂵𒉺𒁕 (ba-ga-pa-da /Bagapada/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡁𐡂𐡐𐡕 (bgpt)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁀𒋡𒁀𒀜𒆪 (ba-ka₄-ba-ad-da /Bakabada/), 𒁀𒋡𒁀𒆪 (ba-ka₄-ba-da /Bakabada/), 𒁀𒋡𒁀𒌓𒆪 (ba-ka₄-ba-ud-da /Bakabauda/)

→ Ancient Greek: Βαγαπάτης (Bagapátēs), Μεγαβάτης (Megabátēs)

→ Lycian: 𐊎𐊀𐊄𐊀𐊂𐊀𐊗𐊀 (magabata)

From 𐏎 (BG /bagaʰ/, “god”) + 𐎱𐎠𐎫 (p-a-t /pātaʰ/, “protected”).


Mr̥duniyah

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒈥𒁺𒉌𒅀 (mar-du-ni-ia /Marduniya/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡓𐡃𐡅𐡍𐡉 (mrdwny)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈥𒁺𒉡𒅀 (mar-du-nu-ia /Mardunuya/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Μαρδόνιος (Mardónios)
Greek: Μαρδόνιος (Mardónios)
→ Latin: Mardonius

From
*mr̥duš (“mild, soft”) + 𐎴 (n /-naʰ/, nominal suffix) + 𐎡𐎹 (i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix). Compare with Sanskrit मृदुता (mṛdutā) and मृदुल (mṛdula).


Ātr̥pātah

desc

Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾtwrpʾt' /Ādurbād/)

Persian: آذرباد (Âzarbâd), آذربد (Âzarbad)

⇒ Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭥𐭯𐭠𐭲𐭪𐭠𐭭 (ʾtwrpʾtkʾn /Ādurbādagān/)

Persian: آذربایجان (Âzarbâyjân)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒀜𒋫𒊏𒉺𒋫 (at-ta-ra-pa-ta /Atarapata/)

→ Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄩𒋻𒁀𒀜𒆪 (ha-tar-ba-ad-da /Hatarbada/), 𒄩𒋻𒁀 (ha-tar-ba-ud-da𒌓𒆪 /Hatarbauda/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀτροπάτης (Atropátēs) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Iranian *HaHtr̥paHtah, from *HáHtr̥š (“Fire; fire”) + *paHtáh (“protected”), from Proto-Iranian *paHtáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHtás, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-tó-s, from *peh₂- (“to protect”) + *-tós. Equivalent to *ātr̥š (“fire”) + 𐎱𐎠𐎫 (p-a-t /pātaʰ/, “protected”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬀 (Atərᵊ.pāta).


R̥tavazdānah

desctree

→? Ancient Greek: Ἀρταβαζάνης (Artabazánēs)
Greek: Αρταβαζάνης (Artavazánis)
→ Latin: Artabazanēs

From *R̥tavazdāh + 𐎠𐎴 (a-n /-ānaʰ/, patronymic suffix).


Miθrayah

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒈪𒀉𒊏𒀀𒀀 (mi-it-ra-a-a /Mitrāya/)

→ Ancient Greek: Μιθραῖος (Mithraîos), Μιτραῖος (Mitraîos)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈪𒋻𒊏𒅀 (mi-tar-ra-ia /Mitaraya/)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + -𐎹 (-y /*-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix).


R̥tayah

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρταῖος (Artaîos)

→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡏𐡓𐡕𐡉 (ʿrty)

→ Egyptian:

Demotic: ꜣrty

desc

→ Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒅀 (ir-da-ia /Irdaya/), 𒅕𒋼𒅀 (ir-te-ia /Irteya/)

From 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /r̥taʰ/, “Asha; truth”) + -𐎹 (-y /*-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix).


𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎴

u-t-a-n (romanization)
ʰUtānaʰ (romanization)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: [script needed] (ú-mi-it-ta-na-na)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: [script needed] (hu-ud-da-na)

→ Ancient Greek: Ὀτάνης (Otánēs)

Possibly from 𐎢 (u /ʰu-/, “good”) + *tānaʰ (“tone, melody”), from Proto-Iranian *tā́nah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tā́nas, from Proto-Indo-European *tónos. Cognate with Sanskrit सुतान (sutā́na, “well-tuned, melodious”).


Hutauθā

→ Ancient Greek: Ἄτοσσα (Átossa) (see there for further descendants)

Either inherited from Proto-Iranian *HhutawcáH or borrowed from Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬁 (Hutaosā).


Dātafarnāh

desc

→ Achaemenid Elamite: [script needed] (da-tap-par-na), [script needed] (da-tab-bar-na), [script needed] (da-tub-bar-na), [script needed] (da-ud-da-pa-ir-na), [script needed] (da-da-bar-na)

→ Ancient Greek: Δαταφέρνης (Dataphérnēs)

→ Neo-Assyrian: [script needed] (da-da-pír-na-ʾ)

From 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”) + *farnāh (“glory”).


Miθradātah

Persian: میلاد (Milād)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒈪𒀉𒊏𒁕𒀀𒌓 (mi-it-ra-da-a-tú /Mitradātu/), 𒈪𒌁𒊑𒀀𒁕𒁕𒀪 (mi-tir-ri-a-da-da-ʾ /Mitiryadadaʾ/), 𒁁𒀉𒊏𒁕𒀀𒋫 (mitⁱᵗ-ra-da-a-ta /Mitradāta/), 𒁁𒀉𒊑𒁕𒀀𒋫 (mitⁱᵗ-ri-da-a-ta /Mitridāta/), 𒁁𒊏𒁕𒀀𒋾 (mit-ra-da-a-ti /Mitradāti/), 𒁁𒊏𒁕𒀀𒌓 (mit-ra-da-a-tú /Mitradātu/), 𒁁𒊑𒁕𒀀𒋫 (mit-ri-da-a-ta /Mitridāta/), 𒁁𒊑𒁕𒀀𒌓 (mit-ri-da-a-tú /Mitridātu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Μιθραδάτης (Mithradátēs), Μιθριδάτης (Mithridátēs), Μιτραδάτης (Mitradátēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡕𐡓𐡃𐡕 (mtrdt)

→ Egyptian:

Demotic: mṱrtt

desctree

→ Parthian: 𐭌𐭕𐭓𐭃𐭕 (mtrdt /Mihrdāt/)
→ Ancient Greek: Μειριδάτης (Meiridátēs), Μιραδάτης (Miradátēs)
→ Egyptian:
Demotic: mhrtt
→ Latin: Meherdatēs
→ Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭲𐭥𐭣𐭠𐭲 (mtrdʾt /Mihrdād/)
Persian: مهرداد (Mihrdād)
→ Old Armenian: Միհրդատ (Mihrdat)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”). Compare with *Dātamiθrah.


Gāučiθrah

desc

Middle Persian: [script needed] (gōchihr)

Persian: گوچهر (gôchihr)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Γωσίθρης (Gōsíthrēs)
→ Latin: Gōsithrēs

From Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (gaociθra). Equivalent to *gāuš (“cow”) + *ciθrah (“seed, lineage”).


𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹

b-r-di-i-y (romanization)
Br̥diyaʰ (romanization)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Σμέρδις (Smérdis), Μέρδῐς (Mérdis)
Greek: Σμέρδις (Smérdis)
→ Latin: Smerdis

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒂟𒋾𒅀 (bìr-ti-ia /Birtiya/)

From Proto-Iranian *Br̥jiyah. Equivalent to *br̥diš (“high”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix). Compare with Avestan 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬌 (bər^əziiaršti) and 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬱𐬥𐬎 (bər^əzišnu).

cog

𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬌


Jīvakah

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒍣𒈠𒀝𒅗𒀪 (zi-ma-ak-ka-ʾ /Ziwakaʾ/), 𒍣𒈠𒀝𒆠𒀪 (zi-ma-ak-ki-ʾ /Ziwakiʾ/), 𒍣𒈠𒂵 (zi-ma-ga /Ziwaga/), 𒍣𒈠𒂵𒀪 (zi-ma-ga-ʾ /Ziwagaʾ/), 𒍣𒈠𒅗𒀪 (zi-ma-ka-ʾ /Ziwakaʾ/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡆𐡉𐡅𐡊 (zywk)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒍢𒈠𒀝𒋡 (zi₂-ma-ak-ka₄ /Zimaka/), 𒍢𒈠𒅅𒋡 (zi₂-ma-ik-ka₄ /Zimaika/), 𒍢𒈠𒋡 (zi₂-ma-ka₄ /Zimaka/)

From *jīvakah. Cognate with Proto-Scythian *J̌īwaki


R̥difyah

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρτύβιος (Artúbios), Ἀρτύφιος (Artúphios)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒁺𒉿𒅀 (ir-du-pi-ia /Irdupiya/), 𒅕𒋰𒉿𒅀 (ir-tap-pi-ia /Irtapiya/), 𒅕𒁾𒉿𒅀 (ir-tup-pi-ia /Irtupiya/)

From *r̥difyah. Cognate with Old Median *R̥zifyah.

quote-book

2011, Rüdiger Schmitt, Iranische Personennamen in de Griechischen Literatur vor Alexander d. Gr. [Iranian Personal Names in Greek Literature before Alexander the Great] (Iranisches Personennamenbuch), volume 5A, pages 91-92:


Miθrānah

desc

Middle Persian: [script needed] (mtrʾn /Mihrān/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡈𐡓𐡍 (mṭrn)

→ Ancient Greek: Μιτράνης (Mitránēs)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + *-ānah (patronymic suffix). Cognate with Parthian 𐭌𐭕𐭓𐭍 (Mihrān), whence Old Armenian Միհրան (Mihran).


Miθrātah

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒈪𒀉𒊏𒀀𒋫 (mi-it-ra-a-ta /Mitrāta/), 𒈪𒀉𒊏𒀀𒌓 (mi-it-ra-a-tú /Mitrātu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Μιθράτης (Mithrátēs)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈪𒀉𒊏𒁕 (mi-it-ra-da /Mitrada/), 𒈪𒄑𒊏𒁕 (mi-is-ra-da /Misrada/)

→ Lydian: 𐤪𐤦𐤯𐤭𐤠𐤯𐤠𐤳 (mitrataš)

From 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”) + *-ātah (intensificative suffix).


Mazdāyā

head

*Mazdāyā (/Mazdāyā/) (masculine *Mazdāyah)

/Mazdāyā/ (romanization)
Mazdāyah (masculine)

→ Ancient Greek: Μαζαία (Mazaía)

From *Mazdā (“deity Ahura Mazda”) + -yā (adjectival suffix).


Mazdākah

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒈠𒀾𒁕𒆪 (ma-áš-da-ku /Mašdaku/), 𒈠𒀾𒉌𒂟𒆪 (ma-áš-dàk-ku /Mašdaku/), 𒈠𒀾𒁖𒆪 (ma-áš-dak-ku /Mašdaku/), 𒈠𒀾𒁖𒅗 (ma-áš-dak-ka /Mašdaka/)

→ Ancient Greek: Μαζάκης (Mazákēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡆𐡃𐡊 (mzdk)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈠𒀾𒆪𒀝𒋡 (ma-áš-da-ak-ka₄ /Mašdaka/), 𒈠𒀾𒆪𒅅𒋡 (ma-áš-da-ik-ka₄ /Mašdaika/), 𒈠𒀾𒌇𒋡 (ma-áš-tuk-ka₄ /Maštuka/), 𒈦𒌇𒋡 (maš-tuk-ka₄ /Maštuka/)

From *Mazdā (“deity Ahura Mazda”) + 𐎣 (k /-kaʰ/, hypocoristic suffix).


Mazdāyah

head

*Mazdāyah (/Mazdāyah/) (feminine *Mazdāyā)

/Mazdāyah/ (alternative)
Mazdāyā (feminine)

→ Ancient Greek: Μαζαῖος (Mazaîos)

→ Aramaic:

→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡌𐡆𐡃𐡉 (mzdy)

From *Mazdā (“deity Ahura Mazda”) + 𐎹 (y /*-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix).


Manuštanah

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒌋𒌋𒉡𒍑𒋫𒈾𒀪 (man-nu-uš-ta-na-ʾ /Manuštanaʾ/), 𒈠𒉡𒍑𒆗𒉌 (ma-nu-uš-tan-ni /Manuštani/), 𒈠𒉡𒍑𒋫𒉡 (ma-nu-uš-ta-nu /Manuštanu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Μενοστάνης (Menostánēs)

From *Manuš (“mythological figure Manuš”) + tā̆nah (“offspring”).


Jāmāspah

desc

Middle Persian: 𐭩𐭠𐭬𐭠𐭮𐭯 (yʾmʾsp /Jāmāsp/)

Persian: جاماسپ (Jāmāsp)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒍝𒄠𒈠𒊍𒉿 (za-am-ma-as-pi /Zamaspi/), 𒍝𒈠𒊍𒉺𒀪 (za-ma-as-pa-ʾ /Zamaspaʾ/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ζαμάσφης (Zamásphēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡆𐡌𐡎𐡐 (zmsp)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒍝𒈠𒀾𒁀 (za-ma-áš-ba /Zamašba/), 𒍝𒈠𒆜𒁀 (za-ma-iš-ba /Zamaišba/)

From *jāmah (“leading”) + 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (a-s-p /*aspaʰ/, “horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬯𐬞𐬀 (Jāmāspa) and Parthian 𐭆𐭀𐭌𐭀𐭎𐭐 (zʾmʾsp /Jāmāsp/).


Dātāmah

→? Ancient Greek: Δατάμης (Datámēs)

From 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”) + *amah (“power, force”).


Dātah

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁕𒀜𒁕 (da-ad-da /Dada/), 𒁕𒌓𒁕 (da-ud-da /Dauda/)

From 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”).


Dātīš

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆪𒋾𒄷𒆜 (da-ti-hu-iš /Datihuiš/)


Dātiyah

→ Ancient Greek: Δᾶτις (Dâtis)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆪𒋾𒅀 (da-ti-ia /Datiya/)

From 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”) + 𐎡𐎹 (i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix).


Dātamah

→? Ancient Greek: Δατάμης (Datámēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡃𐡕𐡌 (dtm)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁕𒀜𒁕𒈠 (da-ad-da-ma /Dadama/), 𒁕𒁕𒈠 (da-da-ma /Dadama/), 𒁕𒌓𒁕𒈠 (da-ud-da-ma /Daudama/)

Two-stem hypocoristic of a *Dātamiθrah-type name.


R̥tamanā

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒈠𒈾 (ir-da-ma-na /Irdamana/)


R̥takāmah

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒅈𒋫𒃶𒈠 (ar-ta-kám-ma /Artakama/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρτακάμας (Artakámas), Ἀρτακαμᾶ (Artakamâ)

From 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (r̥taʰ, “Asha; truth”) + 𐎣𐎠𐎶 (*kāmaʰ, “wish”).


R̥tamanyuš

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒂟𒌋𒌋𒉡𒌑𒆜 (ir-tam₅-man-nu-ú-iš /Irtamanūiš/)

From 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (r̥taʰ, “Asha; truth”) + *manyuš (“thought, mind”).


R̥tamah

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒅈𒋫𒄠𒈠𒀪 (ar-ta-ma-ma-ʾ /Artamaʾ/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρτάμης (Artámēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡌 (ʾrtm)

→ Egyptian:

Demotic: ꜣrṱm

Late Egyptian: A-r:T-m-A1 (ꜣrṯm),

→ Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒈠 (ir-da-ma /Irdama/), 𒅕𒂟 (ir-tam₅ /Irtam/)

Two-stem hypocoristic of *R̥tamanah or *R̥tamanyuš.


R̥tamanah

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρταμένης (Artaménēs), Ἀρτάμνης (Artámnēs)

→ Latin: Artamenēs

→ Elamite:

From Proto-Iranian *Hr̥tamanah. Equivalent to 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (r̥taʰ, “Asha; truth”) + 𐎶𐎴𐏃 (manaʰ, “mind”).


R̥tabr̥zans

desc

→? Ancient Greek: Ἀρταβαζάνης (Artabazánēs)

→ Aramaic:

→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡁𐡓𐡆𐡍 (ʾrtbrzn)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒂟𒍝𒈾 (ir-da-bir₃-za-na /Irdabirzana/)

From 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /r̥taʰ/, “Asha; truth”) + *br̥zans (“high, exalted”).


R̥tafarnāh

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒅈𒋫𒉺𒅈𒈾𒀪 (ar-ta-pa-ar-na-ʾ /Artaparnaʾ/), 𒅈𒋫𒌓𒈾𒀪 (ar-ta-par-na-ʾ /Artaparnaʾ/), 𒀜𒋫𒌓𒉡 (at-ta-par-nu /Ataparnu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρταφέρνης (Artaphérnēs)

→ Aramaic:

→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡐𐡓𐡍 (ʾrtprn)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒁇𒈾 (ir-da-bar-na /Irdabarna/), 𒅕𒆪𒂟𒈾 (ir-da-pir₂-na /Irdapirna/)

From 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /r̥taʰ/, “Asha; truth”) + *farnāh (“fortune, glory”).


Br̥dimanah

desctree

→? Ancient Greek: Σμερδομένης (Smerdoménēs)
Greek: Σμερδομένης (Smerdoménis)
→ Latin: Smerdomenēs

From br̥diš (“high”) + 𐎶𐎴𐏃 (manaʰ, “mind”). Cognate with Old Median *Br̥zimanah; compare with Sanskrit मनस् बृहत् (mánas- br̥hát-) and बृहत्मनस् (Bṛhát-manas-).


Br̥dimaniš

From br̥diš (“high”) + *maniš (“thought, mind”). Compare with Sanskrit मनस् बृहत् (mánas- br̥hát-) and बृहत्मनस् (Bṛhát-manas-).


Bagavahyah

desctree

→? Ancient Greek: Βαγώας (Bagṓas)
Greek: Βαγώας (Vagóas)
→ Latin: Bagōās
→ English: Bagoas

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡁𐡂𐡅𐡄𐡉 (bgwhy)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁀𒆪𒌋𒌋𒅀 (ba-ku-man-ia /Bakumania/)

From 𐏎 (BG /bagaʰ/, “god”) + *vahyah (“better”).


Arēmanah

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄯𒊑𒈠𒈾 (har-re-ma-na /Haremana/)


Aryamanah

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀριαμένης (Ariaménēs)
Greek: Ἀριαμένης (Ariaménēs)
→ Latin: Ariamenēs

→ Elamite:

→ Latin: Hieramenes

→ Lycian: 𐊁𐊕𐊆𐊊𐊀𐊎𐊙𐊏𐊀 (erijamãna)

From 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-r-i-y-a /Aryā/, “Iranians”) + 𐎶𐎴𐏃 (manaʰ, “mind”).


Bēça

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒁉𒂊𒋢 (be₂-e-su /Bēsu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Βήσσος (Bḗssos)


Bagayah

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Βαγαῖος (Bagaîos)
→ Latin: Bagaeus

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁀𒄀𒅀 (ba-ge-ia /Bageia/), 𒁀𒆠𒅀 (ba-ke-ia /Bakeia/)

From 𐏎 (BG /bagaʰ/, “god”) + 𐎹 (y /*-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix).


Arušah

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρύσης (Arúsēs)
Greek: Ἀρύσης (Arúsēs)
→ Latin: Arysēs

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄯𒊒𒆜 (har-ru-iš /Haruiš/)


Spihradātah

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒂠𒉿𒊑𒁕𒀀𒋫 (ís-pi-ri-da-a-ta /Ispiridāta/)


Bayaçāh

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒁉𒂊𒋢 (be₂-e-su /Bēsu/)

→ Ancient Greek: Βήσσος (Bḗssos)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡁𐡉𐡎 (bys)

From *bayah (“fear”) + çāyatay (“to protect”).


𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎢𐏁

d-a-r-y-u-š (romanization)
Dārayauš (romanization)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒁕 (da /Da/), 𒁕𒅈𒀪𒋙 (da-ar-ʾ-šu₂ /Darʾšu₂/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀪𒅀𒍑 (da-a-re-ʾ-ia-uš /Dāreʾyauš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀪𒄿𒋗 (da-a-re-ʾ-i-šu /Dāreʾišu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀪𒋗 (da-a-re-ʾ-šu /Dāreʾšu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀪𒋙 (da-a-re-ʾ-šu₂ /Dāreʾšu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀪𒍑 (da-a-re-ʾ-uš /Dāreʾuš/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒀀𒋙 (da-a-re-a-šu₂ /Dāreašu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒅀𒀪𒍑𒋙 (da-a-re-ia-ʾ-uš-šu₂ /Dāreyaʾušu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒅀𒋙 (da-a-re-ia-šu₂ /Dāreyašu₂/), 𒁕𒀀𒊑𒋙 (da-a--šu₂ /Dāšu/), 𒁕𒅈𒐊𒀪𒀀𒋙 (da-ar-ia₂-ʾ-a-šu₂ /Dāryaʾašu/), 𒁕𒅈𒐊𒀀𒋙 (da-ar-ia₂-a-šu₂ /Dāryāšu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊒𒌍𒋙 (da-a-ru-eš-šu₂ /Dārwešu/), 𒁕𒀀𒊒𒅀𒌍𒋙 (da-a-ru-ia-eš-šu₂ /Dāruyaešu/), 𒁕𒊏𒀾 (da-ra-aš₂ /Daraš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒀀𒋙 (da-re-ʾ-a-šu₂ /Dareʾašu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒅀𒍑 (da-re-ʾ-ia-uš /Dareʾyauš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒄿𒋗 (da-re-ʾ-i-šu /Dareʾišu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒄿𒌑𒋙 (da-re-ʾ-i-u₂-šu₂ /Dareʾyūšu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒋙 (da-re-ʾ-šu₂ /Dareʾšu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒍑 (da-re-ʾ-uš /Dareʾuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒍑𒋙 (da-re-ʾ-uš-šu₂ /Dareʾušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀪𒌑𒋙 (da-re-ʾ-u₂-šu₂ /Dareʾūšu/), 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒀪𒍑 (da-re-a-ʾ-uš /Dareaʾuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒂊𒋙 (da-re-e-šu₂ /Darēšu/), 𒁕𒊑𒌍𒋙 (da-re-eš-šu₂ /Darešu/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒀀𒋙 (da-re-ia-a-šu₂ /Dareyāšu/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒀀𒍑𒋙 (da-re-ia-a-uš-šu₂ /Dareyāušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒌍𒋙 (da-re-ia-eš-šu₂ /Dareyaešu/), 𒁕𒊑𒐊𒋙 (da-re-ia₂-šu₂ /Dareyašu/), 𒁕𒊑𒅀𒍑 (da-re-ia-uš /Dareyauš/), 𒁕𒊑𒄿𒋙 (da-re-i-šu₂ /Dareyšu/), 𒁕𒊑𒊺𒅀 (da-re-še-ia /Darešeya/), 𒁕𒊑𒋙 (da-re-šu₂ /Darešu/), 𒁕𒊑𒍑 (da-re-uš /Dareuš/), 𒁕𒊑𒍑𒋗 (da-re-uš-šu₂ /Dareušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒌑𒋗 (da-re-u₂-šu /Dareušu/), 𒁕𒊑𒌑𒋙 (da-re-u₂-šu₂ /Dareušu/), 𒁕𒆸𒀪𒋙 (da-re₃-ʾ-šu₂ /Dareʾšu/), 𒁕𒊒𒀪𒋙 (da-ru-ʾ-šu₂ /Daruʾšu/), □𒅀𒀪𒅆 (□-ia-ʾ-ši /□yaʾši/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Δαρεῖος (Dareîos), Δᾱ́ρειος (Dā́reios), Δᾱρειαῖος (Dāreiaîos), Δαριήκης (Dariḗkēs)
Greek: Δαρείος (Dareíos)
Latin: Dārīus
→ English: Darius
→ Italian: Dario
→ Portuguese: Dario
→ Spanish: Darío

→ Egyptian:

desc

Late Egyptian: ini-ti-rw-SA (jntjrwšꜣ), N17:rw-SA (tꜣrwšꜣ)

Demotic: tꜣriwš

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆪𒊑𒅀𒄷𒆜 (da-re-ia-hu-iš /Dareiahuiš/), 𒆪𒊑𒅀𒌋𒆜 (da-re-ia-u-iš /Dareiauiš/)

→ Lycian: 𐊑𐊗𐊀𐊕𐊆𐊊𐊁𐊒𐊖 (ñtarijeus)


R̥taxšarah

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρτοξάρης (Artoxárēs)
Greek: Ἀρτοξάρης (Artoxárēs)
→ Latin: Artoxarēs


Arbarēvāh

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒅈𒁀𒊑𒈠 (ar-ba-re-ma /Arbarewa/), 𒅈𒁀𒊑𒈨 (ar-ba-re-me /Arbarewe/)


Arbarāivāh

→ Akkadian:

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρβάριος (Arbários)
Greek: Ἀρβάριος (Arbários)
→ Latin: Arbarius

From *arbah (“young; youth, child”) + *rāivāh (“rich, wealthy”).


R̥taxšaθrah

From 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /r̥taʰ/, “Asha; truth”) + 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /xšaçam/, “realm, province, kingdom”).

Old Persian: *R̥taxšarah→ Ancient Greek: ἈρτοξάρηςGreek: Ἀρτοξάρης→ Latin: Artoxarēs


Haumanah

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Εὐμένης (Euménēs)
→ Latin: Eumenēs

Parthian: 𐭄𐭅𐭌𐭍𐭉 (hwmny)


Humanah

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒌋𒌋𒌋𒈾 (u-man-na /Umana/)

From *huš (“good”) + 𐎶𐎴𐏃 (manaʰ, “mind”).


Dātamiθrah

Persian: دادمهر (Dādmihr)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡃𐡕𐡌𐡕𐡓 (dtmtr)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆪𒀜𒆪𒈪𒌓𒊏 (da-ad-da-mi-ut-ra /Dadamiutra/), 𒆪𒆪𒈪𒌓𒊏 (da-da-mi-ut-ra /Dadamiutra/), 𒆪𒂟𒈪𒌓𒊏 (da-tam₅-mi-ut-ra /Datamiutra/)

From 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”) + 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”). Compare with *Miθradātah.


Rōcakah

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥοισάκης (Rhoisákēs), Ῥωσάκης (Rhōsákēs)

→ Latin: Rhoesacēs, Rhōsacēs


Hufratah

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒌑𒁇𒀜𒋫 (u₂-par₂-at-ta /Uparata/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Εὐφράτας (Euphrátas)
Greek: Ευφράτας (Effrátas)
→ Latin: Euphratas

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒌑𒅁𒂟𒊏𒌓𒆪 (u₂-ip-pir₂-ra-ud-da /Uipirauda/), 𒌑𒂟𒊏𒀜𒆪 (u₂-pir₂-ra-ad-da /Upirada/), 𒌑𒂟𒊏𒆪 (u₂-pir₂-ra-da /Upirada/)

From *huš (“good”) + *fratah (“excellent”).


𐎢𐎺𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎼

u-v-x-š-t-r (romanization)
ʰUvaxštraʰ (romanization)

Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒌑𒀝𒊓𒋻 (ú-ak-sa-tar /Waksatar/), 𒊌𒊓𒋻 (uk-sa-tar /Uksatar/), 𒌑𒈠𒆪𒅖𒋻 (ú-ma-ku-iš-tar /Uwakuištar/)

Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈠𒆠𒅖𒌉𒊑 (ma-ki-iš-tur-ri /Makišturi/), 𒈠𒀝𒅖𒋻𒊏 (ma-ak-iš-tar-ra /Makištara/)

From *huš (“good”) + *axštrah (“oversight”).


𐎥𐎢𐎲𐎽𐎢𐎺

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒄖𒁀𒊏 (gu-ba-ra /Gubara/), 𒄖𒁀𒊑 (gu-ba-ri /Gubari/), 𒄖𒁀𒊒 (gu-ba-ru /Gubaru/), 𒄖𒁀𒊒𒀪 (gu-ba-ru-ʾ /Gubaruʾ/), 𒆪𒁇𒊏 (ku-bar-ra /Kubara/), 𒊌𒁀𒊒 (ug-ba-ru /Ugbaru/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡂𐡅𐡁𐡓𐡅 (gwbrw)

→ Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄰𒁇𒈠 (kam-bar-ma /Kambarma/), 𒋡𒌋𒁀𒊏 (ka₄-u-ba-ra /Kaubara/)

→ Ancient Greek: Γωβρύης (Gōbrúēs) (see there for further descendants)

From *gāuš (“cow”) + uncertain element *barvah, perhaps meaning “eating”, compare Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬱·𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aš·baoᵘruua, “where there is much to eat”), or “lord, master”, compare Sanskrit भरु (bharu, “lord, master”).


R̥tabānuš

desc

Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾrtwʾn /Ardavān/)

→ Old Armenian: Արտաւան (Artawan) (or from Parthian)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒅈𒋫𒁀𒉡 (ar-ta-ba-nu /Artabanu/)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡁𐡍𐡅 (ʾrtbnw)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒁀𒉡𒆜 (ir-da-ba-nu-iš /Irdabanuiš/), 𒅕𒋰𒁀𒉡𒆜 (ir-tab-ba-nu-iš /Irtabanuiš/), 𒅕𒁾𒁀𒉡𒆜 (ir-tub-ba-nu-iš /Irtubanuiš/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρτάβανος (Artábanos)

From Proto-Iranian *Hr̥tábaHnúš, equivalent to 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /r̥taʰ/, “Asha; truth”) + *bānuš (“beam, lustre, light”). Cognate with Parthian 𐭀𐭓𐭕𐭁𐭍𐭅 (ʾrtbnw /Ardabān/).


Arvantah

desc

Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭫𐭥𐭭𐭣- (ʾlwnd- /Arwand-/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀροάνδης (Aroándēs), Ἀρυάνδης (Aruándēs), Ὀρόνδης (Oróndēs), Ὀρόντας (Oróntas)

Retrenchment of a name derived from *arvāh ~ *arvantah (“swift”).


R̥taxayah

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρταχαίης (Artakhaíēs)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡇𐡉 (ʾrtḥy)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒀝𒋡𒀀𒅀 (ir-da-ak-ka₄-a-ia /Irdakāia/), 𒅕𒆪𒄀𒅀 (ir-da-ge-ia /Irdageia/), 𒅕𒆪𒋡𒀀 (ir-da-ka₄-a /irdakā/), 𒅕𒆪𒋡𒅀 (ir-da-ka₄-ia /Irdakaia/), 𒅕𒌇𒆪𒅀 (ir-tuk-ku-ia /Irtukuia/)

Two-stem hypocoristic of 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 (a-r-t-x-š-ç-a /R̥taxšaçāʰ/) or *R̥taxraθuš.


R̥timah

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡉𐡌 (ʾrtym)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρτίμας (Artímas)
Greek: Ἀρτίμας (Artímas)
→ Latin: Artimas

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒋾𒈠 (ir-ti-ma /Irtima/)

→ Lydian: 𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤦𐤪𐤠𐤩𐤦𐤮 (artimalis), 𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤧𐤪𐤠 (artyma)

Retrenchment of name beginning with element 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /r̥taʰ/, “Asha; truth”) + *-imah (hypocoristic suffix).


Arbinah

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρβίνας (Arbínas)
Greek: Ἀρβίνας (Arbínas)
→ Latin: Arbinas

→ Lycian: 𐊁𐊕𐊂𐊂𐊆𐊏𐊀 (erbbina)

Retrenchment of name beginning with element *arbah (“young; youth, child”) + 𐎡𐎴 (i-n /-inaʰ/, hypocoristic suffix).


R̥tapānah

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒆪𒁀𒈾 (ir-da-ba-na /Irdabana/)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀρταπάνης (Artapánēs), Ἀρτάπανος (Artápanos)

→ Lydian: 𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤠𐤡𐤵𐤫𐤠𐤬 (artapãnao)

From 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /r̥taʰ/, “Asha; truth”) + *pānah (“protection”). Cognate with Parthian 𐭀𐭓𐭕𐭐𐭍 (ʾrtpn /Artapān/).


Gadātah

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Γαδάτας (Gadátas)
Greek: Γαδάτας (Gadátas)
→ Latin: Gadatās

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋡𒆪𒆪 (ka₄-da-da /Kadada/)

From *gadā (“mace”) + *-ātah (intensificative suffix).


Tīrayah

→ Ancient Greek: Τιραῖος (Tiraîos)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡕𐡉𐡓𐡉 (tyry)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋾𒊑𒅀 (ti-re-ia /Tireia/)

From *Tīrah (“deity Tir”) + -𐎹 (-y /*-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix).


Vahubarah

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→ Ancient Greek: Οίβάρας (Oíbáras), Οἰβάρης (Oibárēs), Ὠβαρις (Ōbaris)

→ Latin: Oebaras, Oebarēs, Ōbaris

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈠𒌋𒈦𒊏 (ma-u-bar-ra /Maubara/), 𒈠𒌋𒉿𒊏 (ma-u-pe-ra /Maupera/), 𒈠𒌋𒂟 (ma-u-pir₂ /Maupir/)

From *vahuš (“good”) + *barah (“bearer”).


Tīrīdātah

Middle Persian: 𐭲𐭩𐭫𐭣𐭲 (tyldt /tīrdād/)

Classical Persian: تِیرْدَاد (tīrdād)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒋾𒊑𒁕𒀀𒋫 (ti-ri-da-a-ta /Tiridāta/), 𒋾𒊑𒁕𒀀𒌓 (ti-ri-da-a-tu₂ /Tiridātu/), 𒋾𒊑𒁕𒀀𒌈 (ti-ri-da-a-tu₄ /Tiridātu/), 𒋾𒊑𒁕𒋫 (ti-ri-da-ta /Tiridata/), 𒋾𒊑𒄿𒁕𒀀𒌅 (ti-ri-i-da-a-tu /Tirīdātu/), 𒌁𒁕𒀀𒋫 (tir-da-a-ta /Tirdāta/)

→ Ancient Greek: Τιριδάτης (Tiridátēs)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋾𒊑𒆪𒆪 (ti-ri-da-da /Tiridada/)

From *Tīriyah (“deity Tir”) + 𐎭𐎠𐎫 (d-a-t /dātaʰ/, “given, created”). Cognate with Parthian 𐭕𐭉𐭓𐭉𐭃𐭕 (Tīrīdāt).


Čiçamiθrah

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→ Ancient Greek: Σισιμίθρης (Sisimíthrēs)

→ Latin: Sisimithrēs

From 𐎨𐎡𐏂 (čiçaʰ, “shining; appearance; lineage”) + 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /Miθraʰ/, “Mithra”).


Bātah

→ Ancient Greek: Βᾶτις (Bâtis)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡁𐡕 (bt)


Varufarnāh

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→ Ancient Greek: Ὀλοφέρνης (Olophérnēs), Ὀροφέρνης (Orophérnēs)

→ Hebrew: הולופרנס

→ Hebrew: הולופרנס

→ Latin: Holofernes

From *varuš (“wide”) + *farnāh (“glory”).


Abrakah

→ Ancient Greek: Ἄβραγος (Ábragos)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒀊𒂟𒋡 (ap-pir₂-ka₄ /Apirka/)

From *abrah (“dark”) + 𐎣 (k /-kaʰ/, hypocoristic suffix).


Farnukah

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→ Ancient Greek: Φαρνοῦχος (Pharnoûkhos), Φαρνούχης (Pharnoúkhēs) (see there for further descendants)

→ Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁇𒉡𒋡 (bar-nu-ka₄ /Barnuka/), 𒁇𒉡𒊌𒋡 (bar-nu-uk-ka₄ /Barnuka/)

From *farnāh (“glory”) + -ukah (hypocoristic suffix).


Maškāmah

→ Ancient Greek: Μασκάμης (Maskámēs)

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→ Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈦𒋡𒈠 (maš-ka₄-ma /Maškama/)

From *maš (“very”) + 𐎣𐎠𐎶 (k-a-m /kāmah/, “desire, wish”).