𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴𐎹

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄯𒌋𒌋𒉡𒅀 (har-man-nu-ia /Harmanuya/), 𒄯𒈪𒉡 (har-mi-nu /Harminu/), 𒄯𒈪𒉡𒅀 (har-mi-nu-ia /Harminuya/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/, “Armenia”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.

af

...θātiy Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya Dādaršiš nāma Arminiya manā badaka avam adam frāišayam Arminam avaθāšaiy aθaham paraidiy kāra hya hamiçiva manā naiy gaubataiy avam jadiy...

late 6th century BC, Darius the Great, Behistun Inscription, Column 2, lines 29-31

King Darius says: An Armenian named Dādarši, my servant, I sent into Armenia, and I said unto him: 'Go, smite that host which is in revolt and does not acknowledge me.'

...θātiy Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya yātā adam Pārsaiy u[t]ā Mādaiy āham patiy duvitîyam Bābiruviyā hamiçiyā abava hacāma I martiya Arxa nāma Arminiya Halditahya puça hauv udapatatā Bābirauv Dubāla nāmā dahyāuš hacā avadaša hauv kārahyā avaθā adurujiya adam Nabukudracara amiy hya Nabunaitahya puça pasāva kāra Bābiruviya hacāma hamiçiya abava abiy avam Arxam ašiyava Bābirum hauv agarbāyatā hauv xšāyaθiya abava Bābirauv...

late 6th century BC, Darius the Great, Behistun Inscription, Column 3, lines 76-83

King Darius says: While I was in Persia and in Media, the Babylonians revolted from me a second time. A certain man named Arakha, an Armenian, son of Haldita, rebelled in Babylon. At a place called Dubāla, he lied unto the people, saying: 'I am Nebuchadnezzar, the son of Nabonidus.' Then did the Babylonian people revolt from me and they went over to that Arakha. He seized Babylon, he became king in Babylon.


𐎹𐎢𐎴

y-u-n (romanization)
Yauna (romanization)


𐎸𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹

mu-d-r-a-y (romanization)
Mudrāyaʰ (romanization)

From Proto-Iranian *Mujrāyah, ultimately derived from Proto-Semitic *muṣr-ā- (“Egypt”). Compare Akkadian 𒈬𒀫 (muṣru), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm /miṣrāma/), Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (miṣráyim), and Achaemenid Elamite 𒈬𒄑𒍝𒊑𒅀 (mu-iṣ-ṣa-ri-ia).

cog

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎸𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹


𐎠𐎣𐎢𐎳𐎨𐎡𐎹𐎠

a-k-u-f-c-i-y-a (romanization)
Ākaufačiyā (romanization)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒀀𒆪𒉿𒄿𒅖 (a-ku-pi-i-iš /Akupīš/)

Literally "dwellers of the mountain-land", from *Ākaufaka- + *-(i)ya- (adjectival suffix). *Ākaufaka- itself is composed of *ā- (“to”) + *kaufa- (“mountain”) + *-ka- (hypocoristic suffix).


𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹

u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-y (romanization)
ʰUvārazmīya (romanization)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š /ʰUvārazmiš/, “Chorasmia”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.

af

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹


𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺

p-r-θ-v (romanization)
Parθavaʰ (romanization)

Uncertain; possibly:
* from *Parθaʰ + -𐎺 (-vaʰ, adjectival suffix), related to 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsaʰ/, “Persian”),
* from *pr̥θvī (“area”), from Proto-Iranian *pr̥θwíH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥tHwíH, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥th₂-éwih₂, from *pléth₂us (“flat, broad”), cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬡𐬍 (pər^əθβī, “surface”), Sanskrit पृथ्वी (pṛthvī, “the Earth”),
* or syncopated from earlier *Parārθavaʰ, from *parārθam (“exterior, remote”) + -𐎺 (-vaʰ, adjectival suffix, from Proto-Indo-European *-wós), from Proto-Iranian *paraHárθam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *paraHártʰam, from *para- (“farther, highest”, from Proto-Indo-European *pér-o- (“distant, beyond”)) + *Hártʰam (“event, thing, purpose”), cognate with Sanskrit परार्थ (parārtha, “highest advantage, interest”).

adjectival suffix, from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*-wós</i>

af

from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*pér-o-</i> (“distant, beyond”)


𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠

From 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 (y-u-n-a /Yaunā/, “Greek, Ionian”) + 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼 (t-k-b-r /takabara/). Literally means "Greeks with hats that look like shields", probably a reference to the kausia hat typically worn by the ancient Macedonians.
Compare:
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (Sakā tigraxaudā, “a Scythian people”, literally “Sacae with pointed caps”)
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (y-u-n-a : t-y-i-y : p-r-d-r-y /Yaunā tayaiy paradraya/, literally “Greeks who are across the Sea”)
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (y-u-n-a : t-y-i-y : d-r-y-h-y-a /Yaunā tayaiy drayahyā/, literally “Greeks who are by the Sea”)
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠 (y-u-n-a : t-y-i-y : u-š-k-h-y-a /Yaunā tayaiy uškahyā/, literally “Greeks who are of the Mainland”).

af

𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴
𐏐 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹
𐏐 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎠
𐏐 𐎤𐎢𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎨𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁
a-r-b-a-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y : a-r-mi-i-n
k-t-p-tu-u-k : s-p-r-d : y-u-n : s-k-a : t-y-i-y : p-r-d-r-y
s-ku-u-d-r : y-u-n-a : t-k-b-r-a : p-u-t-a-y-a
ku-u-š-i-y-a : m-c-i-y-a : k-r-k-a : θ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š
/: Arabāya : Mudrāya : Armina
Katpatuka : Sparda : Yauna : Sakā : tayaiy : paradraya
Skudra : Yaunā : takabarā : Putāyā
Kūšiyā : Maciyā : Karkā : θātiy : Dārayavauš/
… Arabia, Egypt, Armenia,
Cappadocia, Lydia, Greece, the Scythians who are across the Sea,
Thrace, the Greeks who wear shield-like hats, Libya,

Ancient Macedonians
Naqsh-e Rostam
Xerxes I
kausia


𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠

y-u-n-a (romanization)
Yaunā (romanization)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /Yauna/, “Greece”) + -𐎠 (-a, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.

𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹

y-u-n-a : t-y-i-y : p-r-d-r-y /Yaunā tayaiy paradraya/

𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠

y-u-n-a : t-y-i-y : u-š-k-h-y-a /Yaunā tayaiy uškahyā/

𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠

y-u-n-a : t-y-i-y : d-r-y-h-y-a /Yaunā tayaiy drayahyā/

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠

𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴
𐏐 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹
𐏐 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎠
𐏐 𐎤𐎢𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎨𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁
a-r-b-a-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y : a-r-mi-i-n
k-t-p-tu-u-k : s-p-r-d : y-u-n : s-k-a : t-y-i-y : p-r-d-r-y
s-ku-u-d-r : y-u-n-a : t-k-b-r-a : p-u-t-a-y-a
ku-u-š-i-y-a : m-c-i-y-a : k-r-k-a : θ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š
/: Arabāya : Mudrāya : Armina
Katpatuka : Sparda : Yauna : Sakā : tayaiy : paradraya
Skudra : Yaunā : takabarā : Putāyā
Kūšiyā : Maciyā : Karkā : θātiy : Dārayavauš/
Arabia, Egypt, Armenia,
Cappadocia, Lydia, Greece, the Scythians who are across the Sea,
Thrace, the Greeks who wear shield-like hats, Libya,

𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐
𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 𐏐 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠
𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹
𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 𐏐 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹
𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁
𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐏁𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶
a-θ-u-r-a : a-r-b-a-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y :
a-r-mi-i-n : k-t-p-tu-u-k : s-p-r-d : y-u-n-a
t-y-i-y : d-r-y-h-y-a : u-t-a : t-y-i-y
p-r-d-r-y : s-ku-u-d-r : y-u-n-a : t-y-i-y
p-r-d-r-y : k-r-k-a : θ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š
XŠ : v-s-i-y : t-y : du-u-š-k-r-t-m
/: Aθurā : Arabāya : Mudrāya :
Armina : Katpatuka : Sparda : Yaunā
tayaiy : drayahyā : utā : tayaiy
paradraya : Skudra : Yaunā : tayaiy
paradraya : Karkā : θātiy : Dārayavauš
xšāyaθiya : vasiy : tya : duškartam/
Assyria, Arabia, Egypt,

who are by the Sea and
across the Sea, Thrace, the Greeks who are
across the Sea. Saith Darius
the King: much which was ill done …

𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹𐎠
𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 𐏐 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠
𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹
𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠
𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎿𐎥𐎼𐎫 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 𐏐 𐏀𐎼𐎣
a-r-b-a-y : a-θ-u-r-a : mu-u-d-r-a-y-a
a-r-mi-i-n : k-t-p-tu-u-k : s-p-r-d : y-u-n-a
t-y-i-y : u-š-k-h-y-a : u-t-a : t-y-i-y
d-r-y-h-y-a : u-t-a : d-h-y-a-v : t-y-a
p-r : d-r-y : a-s-g-r-t : p-r-θ-v : z-r-k
/: Arabāya : Aθurā : Mudrāyā
Armina : Katpatuka : Sparda : Yaunā
tayaiy : uškahyā : utā : tayaiy
drayahyā : utā : dahyāva : tyā
para : draya : Asagarta : Parθava : Zraⁿka/
Arabia, Assyria, Egypt,

who are of the Mainland and who
are by the Sea, and the Countries which are
across the Sea, Sagartia, Parthia, Drangiana, …


𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹

head

𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Yaunā tayaiy paradraya)

Literally means "Greeks who are across the Sea", from 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 (y-u-n-a /Yaunā/, “Greek”) + 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 (t-y-i-y /tayaiy/, “who, which”) + 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (p-r-d-r-y /paradraya/, “across the sea”), in reference to them living beyond the Aegean Sea with respect to the Achaemenid Empire in contrast to the Asian Greeks, termed 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tayaiy drayahyā, literally “Greeks who are by the Sea”), who lived on the same side of the Aegean Sea as the Persians.
Compare with:
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Sakā tayaiy paradraya, literally “Scythians who are across the Sea”)
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tayaiy drayahyā, literally “Greeks who are by the Sea”)
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tayaiy uškahyā, literally “Greeks who are of the Mainland”)
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠 (Yaunā takabarā, literally “Greeks who wear shield-like hats”)
* 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹 (dahyāva tya para draya, literally “Countries which are across the Sea”)

𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐
𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 𐏐 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠
𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹
𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 𐏐 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹
𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁
𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐏁𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶
a-θ-u-r-a : a-r-b-a-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y :
a-r-mi-i-n : k-t-p-tu-u-k : s-p-r-d : y-u-n-a
t-y-i-y : d-r-y-h-y-a : u-t-a : t-y-i-y
p-r-d-r-y : s-ku-u-d-r : y-u-n-a : t-y-i-y
p-r-d-r-y : k-r-k-a : θ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š
XŠ : v-s-i-y : t-y : du-u-š-k-r-t-m
/: Aθurā : Arabāya : Mudrāya :
Armina : Katpatuka : Sparda : Yaunā
tayaiy : drayahyā : utā : tayaiy
paradraya : Skudra : Yaunā : tayaiy
paradraya : Karkā : θātiy : Dārayavauš
xšāyaθiya : vasiy : tya : duškartam/
… Assyria, Arabia, Egypt,

who are by the Sea and who are
across the Sea, Thrace, the Greeks who are
across the Sea. Saith Darius
the King: much which was ill-done …

European Greeks, Greeks who live in Greece proper


𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠

𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tayaiy drayahyā)

Literally means "Greeks who are by the Sea", from 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 (y-u-n-a /Yaunā/, “Greek”) + 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 (t-y-i-y /tayaiy/, “who, which”) + 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (d-r-y-h-y-a /drayahyā/, “at the sea”), in reference to them living on the same side of the Aegean Sea with respect to the Achaemenid Empire in contrast to the European Greeks, termed 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (y-u-n-a : t-y-i-y : p-r-d-r-y, “Yaunā tayaiy paradraya”, literally “Greeks who are across the Sea”), who lived on the opposite side the Aegean Sea as the Persians.
Compare:
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Yaunā tayaiy paradraya, literally “Greeks who are across the Sea”)
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tayaiy uškahyā, literally “Greeks who are of the Mainland”)
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠 (Yaunā takabarā, literally “Greeks who wear shield-like hats”)
* 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (dahyāva tayaiy drayahyā, literally “Countries who are beside Sea”)

Asian Greeks, Greeks who live on the western coast of Anatolia

en-𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠_𐏐_𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹_𐏐_𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠-peo-name-6Kw5vuby


𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹

𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹 (Vạrkāniya)

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡅𐡓𐡊𐡍𐡉 (wrkny)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈪𒅕𒋡𒉡𒅀𒅁 (mi-ir-ka₄-nu-ia-ip /Mirkanuyaip/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 (v-r-k-a-n /Vạrkāna/, “Hyrcania”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.


𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐎹

desc

Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hndwk' /hindūg/), 𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫃 (hyndwg /hindūg/)

→ Akkadian:

Late Babylonian: 𒅔𒁺𒌋 (in-du-u /Indū/), 𒅔𒁺𒈠𒀀𒀀 (in-du-ma-a-a /Indumāya/), 𒅔𒁺𒈠𒀀𒀀𒀪 (in-du-ma-a-a- /Indumāyaʾ/)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄭𒅔𒁺𒆜 (hi-in-du-iš /Hinduiš/), 𒄭𒁺 (hi-du /Hidu/), 𒄭𒁺𒁁 (hi-du-be /Hidube/), 𒄭𒁺𒆜 (hi-du-iš /Hiduiš/), 𒄭𒅔𒁺𒅀 (hi-in-du-ia /Hinduya/), 𒄭𒅔𒁺𒅀𒁁 (hi-in-du-ia-be /Hinduyabe/), 𒄭𒅔𒁺𒅀𒅁 (hi-in-du-ia-ip /Hinduyaip/), 𒄭𒅔𒁺𒅀𒆜 (hi-in-du-ia-iš /Hinduyaiš/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š /Hiⁿduš/, “India”) + -𐎹 (-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.

af

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐎹


𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫𐎡𐎹

h-r-u-v-t-i-y (romanization)
Harauvatiya (romanization)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄯𒊒𒈠𒋾𒅀 (har-[ru]-ma-ti-ia /Harumatiya/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫𐎡𐏁 (h-r-u-v-t-i-š /Harauvatiš/, “Arachosia”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.

af

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫𐎡𐎹


𐎲𐎠𐎧𐎫𐎼𐎡𐎹

→ Aramaic:

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡁𐡇𐡕𐡓𐡉 (bḥtry)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒁀𒄴𒋻𒀀𒀀 (ba-aḫ-tar-a-a /Baḫtaraya/), 𒁀𒄴𒋻𒌑𒀪𒄿𒋾 (ba-aḫ-tar-u₂-ʾ-i-ti /Baḫtaruʾiti/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎲𐎠𐎧𐎫𐎼𐎡𐏁 (b-a-x-t-r-i-š /Bāxtriš/, “Bactria”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.

af

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎧𐎫𐎼𐎡𐎹


𐏀𐎼𐎣𐎠

z-r-k-a (romanization)
Zraⁿkā (romanization)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆰𒊏𒀭𒋡 (zir-ra-an-ka₄ /Ziranka/), 𒆰𒊏𒅔𒁉 (zir-ra-in-kaš /Zirainkaš/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐏀𐎼𐎣 (z-r-k /Zraⁿka/, “Drangiana”) + -𐎠 (-a /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.

af

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏀𐎼𐎣𐎠


𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎡𐎹

y-u-n-i-y (romanization)
Yauniya (romanization)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄿𒌋𒉡𒅀𒅁 (i-u-nu-ia-ip /Iunuyaip/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /Yauna/, “Ionia”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.


𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎡𐎹

s-ku-u-d-r-i-y (romanization)
Skudriya (romanization)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒄑𒆪𒁺𒊒𒀀𒀀 (is-ku-du-ru-a-a /Iskuduruya/)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆜𒆪𒌓𒊑𒅀 (iš-ku-ud-ri-ia /Iškudriya/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 (s-ku-u-d-r /Skudra/, “Thrace”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.


𐏃𐎼𐎹

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄩𒊑𒅀𒅁 (Hareyaip)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐏃𐎼𐎡𐎺 (h-r-i-v /Haraiva/, “Ariana”) + -𐎹 (-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.


𐎿𐎢𐎦𐎢𐎭𐎡𐎹

s-u-gu-u-d-i-y (romanization)
Sugᵘdiya (romanization)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋗𒊌𒋾𒅀𒅁 (šu-ug-ti-ia-ip /Šugtiyaip/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎿𐎢𐎦𐎢𐎭 (s-u-gu-u-d /Sugᵘda/, “Sogdiana”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.


𐎲𐎠𐎧𐏂𐎡𐎹

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𐎲𐎠𐎧𐏂𐎡𐎹 (Bāxçiya)

→ Elamite:

desc

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁀𒀝𒅆𒅀 (ba-ak-ši-ia /Bakšiya/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎲𐎠𐎧𐏂𐎡𐏁 (b-a-x-ç-i-š /Bāxçiš/, “Bactria”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.
Cognate with Old Persian 𐎲𐎠𐎧𐎫𐎼𐎡𐎹 (Bāxtriya)


𐎥𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹

g-d-a-r-y (romanization)
Gaⁿdāraya (romanization)

→ Akkadian:

desc

Late Babylonian: 𒂵𒀭𒁕𒊒𒄿𒌈 (ga-an-da-ru-i-tu₄ /Gandaruitu/)

→ Elamite:

Achaemenid Elamite: 𒃷𒆪𒊑𒅀 (kán-da-re-ia /Kandareya/)

Masculine gender adjective formed from 𐎥𐎭𐎠𐎼 (g-d-a-r /Gaⁿdāra/, “Gandhara”) + -𐎹 (-y /-yaʰ/, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.

af

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎥𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹


𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠

head

𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tayaiy uškahyā)

Literally means "Greeks who are of the Mainland", from 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 (y-u-n-a /Yaunā/, “Greek”) + 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 (t-y-i-y /tayaiy/, “who, which”) + 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠 (u-š-k-h-y-a /uškahyā/, “on the land”).
Compare:
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Yaunā tayaiy paradraya, literally “Greeks who are across the Sea”)
* n𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tayaiy drayahyā, literally “Greeks who are by the Sea”)
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠 (Yaunā takabarā, literally “Greeks who wear shield-like hats”)

𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹𐎠
𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 𐏐 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠
𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹
𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠
𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎿𐎥𐎼𐎫 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 𐏐 𐏀𐎼𐎣
a-r-b-a-y : a-θ-u-r-a : mu-u-d-r-a-y-a
a-r-mi-i-n : k-t-p-tu-u-k : s-p-r-d : y-u-n-a
t-y-i-y : u-š-k-h-y-a : u-t-a : t-y-i-y
d-r-y-h-y-a : u-t-a : d-h-y-a-v : t-y-a
p-r : d-r-y : a-s-g-r-t : p-r-θ-v : z-r-k
/: Arabāya : Aθurā : Mudrāyā
Armina : Katpatuka : Sparda : Yaunā
tayaiy : uškahyā : utā : tayaiy
drayahyā : utā : dahyāva : tyā
para : draya : Asagarta : Parθava : Zraⁿka/
… Arabia, Assyria, Egypt,

en-𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠_𐏐_𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹_𐏐_𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠-peo-name-BOUEtBo9


𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠

𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (Sakā tigraxaudā)

From 𐎿𐎣𐎠 (s-k-a /Sakā/, “Scythian, Sacaean”) + 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭 (t-i-g-r-x-u-d /tigraxauda/). Literally means "Scythians with pointed caps", a reference to the pointed hats worn by this Scythian people.
Compare with:
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠 (Yaunā takabarā, “Ancient Macedonians”, literally “Greeks with hats that look like shields”)
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥𐎠 (Sakā haumavargā, literally “Scythians who lay hauma-plants around (the fire)”)
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Sakā tayaiy paradraya, literally “Scythians who are across the Sea”).
* 𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭𐎶 (Sakaibiš tayaiy para Sugdam, literally “Scythians who live beyond Sogdiana”)

af

𐏐 𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎥𐎭𐎠𐎼𐏐
𐏐 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥𐎠 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠
𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠
𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴
𐏐 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹
𐏐 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎠
z-r-k : h-r-u-v-t-i-š : θ-t-gu-u-š : g-d-a-r :
h-i-du-u-š : s-k-a : h-u-m-v-r-g-a : s-k-a
t-i-g-r-x-u-d-a : b-a-b-i-ru-u-š : a-θ-u-r-a
a-r-b-a-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y : a-r-mi-i-n
k-t-p-tu-u-k : s-p-r-d : y-u-n : s-k-a : t-y-i-y : p-r-d-r-y
s-ku-u-d-r : y-u-n-a : t-k-b-r-a : p-u-t-a-y-a
/: Zraⁿka : Harauvatiš : Θataguš : Gaⁿdāra
Hiⁿduš : Sakā : haumavargā : Sakā
tigraxaudā : Bābirauš : Aθurā
Arabāya : Mudrāya : Armina
Katpatuka : Sparda : Yauna : Sakā : tayaiy : paradraya
Skudra : Yaunā : takabarā : Putāyā/
… Drangiana, Arachosia, Sattagydia, Gandhara,

with pointed caps, Babylon, Assyria,
Arabia, Egypt, Armenia,
Cappadocia, Lydia, Greece, the Scythians who are across the Sea,
Thrace, the Greeks who wear shield-like hats, Libya …

India, the Scythians who lay around hauma-plants, the Scythians

Encyclopædia Iranica
Haoma
Orthocorybantians


𐎿𐎣𐎠

s-k-a (romanization)
Sakā (romanization)

desctree

→ Sanskrit: शक (śaka)
→ English: Saka
→ Hindi: शक (śak)

Masculine gender term formed from 𐎿𐎣 (s-k /Saka/, “Scythia”) + -𐎠 (-a, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.
Compare 𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 (s-k-i-b-i-š /Sakaibiš/)

𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠

s-k-a : t-i-g-r-x-u-d-a /Sakā tigraxaudā/

𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹

s-k-a : t-y-i-y : p-r-d-r-y /Sakā tayaiy paradraya/


𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥𐎠

Literally "Scythians who lay hauma-plants around (the fire)", from 𐎿𐎣𐎠 (s-k-a /Sakā/, “Scythian, Sacaean”) + 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥 (h-u-m-v-r-g /haumavarga/, “Who lays hauma-plants around (the fire)”). Literally means "Scythians who lay hauma plants around (the fire)".
Compare:
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (Sakā tigraxaudā, literally “Scythians with pointed caps”)
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Sakā tayaiy paradraya, literally “Scythians who are across the Sea”).
* 𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭𐎶 (Sakaibiš tayaiy para Sugdam, literally “Scythians who are beyond Sogdiana”)


𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹

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𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Sakā tayaiy paradraya)

Literally means "Scythians who are across the Sea", from 𐎿𐎣𐎠 (s-k-a /Sakā/, “Scythian, Sacaean”) + 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 (t-y-i-y /tayaiy/, “who, which”) + 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (p-r-d-r-y /paradraya/, “across the sea”), in reference to them living beyond the Black Sea with respect to the Achaemenid Empire.
Compare:
* 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Yaunā tayaiy paradraya, literally “Greeks who live across the Sea”)
* 𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭𐎶 (Sakaibiš tayaiy para Sugdam, literally “Scythians who are beyond Sogdiana”)
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (Sakā tigraxaudā, literally “Scythians with pointed caps”)
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥𐎠 (Sakā haumavargā, literally “Scythians who lay hauma-plants around (the fire)”)
* 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹 (dahyāva tya para draya, literally “Countries which are across the Sea”)

The Scythians inhabiting the Pontic Steppe


𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁

s-k-i-b-i-š (romanization)
Sakaibiš (romanization)

Masculine gender noun formed from the instrumental form of 𐎿𐎣 (s-k /Saka/, “Scythia”), used as a substantive.
Compare 𐎿𐎣𐎠 (s-k-a /Sakā/).

θ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ : i-m : x-š-ç-m : t-y : a-d-m
d-a-r-y-a-mi-i-y : h-c-a : s-k-i-b-i-š : t-y-i-y : p-r
s-u-g-d-m : a-m-t : y-a-t-a : a : ku-u-š-a : h-c-a : h-i-d-u-v
a-m-t : y-a-t-a : a : s-p-r-d-a : t-y-m-i-y : a-u-r-m-z-d-a
f-r-a-b-r : h-y : m-θ-i-š-t : b-g-a-n-a-m : m-a-m
a-u-r-m-z-d-a : p-a-tu-u-v : u-t-a-m-i-y : vi-i-θ-m
/Dārayavauš : XŠ : vazraka : XŠ : XŠyanām : XŠ : dahyūvnām
Vištāspahyā : puça : Haxāmanišiya :
θātiy : Dārayavauš : XŠ : ima : xšaçam : tya : adam
dārayāmiy : hacā : Sakaibiš : tayaiy : para
Sugdam : amata : yātā : ā : Kūšā : hacā : Hidauv
amata : yātā : ā : Spardā : tyamaiy : Auramazdā
frābara : hya : maθišta : bagānām : mām
Auramazdā : pātuv : utāmaiy : viθam/
Darius the Great King, King of Kings, King of Countries,
son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian.
Saith Darius the King: This is the kingdom which I
hold, from the Scythians who are beyond

DH 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏋𐎹<𐎠>𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐎫 𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠 𐏐 𐎤𐎢𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎡𐎭𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐎫 𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫 𐏐 𐎲𐎥𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎰𐎶 d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ : v-z-r-k : XŠ : XŠ-y<𐎠>n-a-m : XŠ : d-h-y-u-v-n-a-m

thence unto Lydia - which Ahuramazda
the greatest of the gods bestowed upon me. Me
may Ahuramazda protect, and my royal house.

Sogdiana, thence unto Ethiopia; from India,

𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭𐎶

s-k-i-b-i-š : t-y-i-y : p-r : s-u-g-d-m /Sakaibiš tayaiy para Sugdam/


𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭𐎶

𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭𐎶 (s-k-i-b-i-š : t-y-i-y : p-r : s-u-g-d-m /Sakaibiš tayaiy para Sugdam/)

t-y-i-y : p-r : s-u-g-d-m (romanization)
Sakaibiš tayaiy para Sugdam (romanization)

Literally means "Scythians who live beyond Sogdiana", from 𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 (s-k-i-b-i-š /Sakaibiš/, “Scythians, Sacaeans”) + 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 (t-y-i-y /tayaiy/, “who, which”) + 𐎱𐎼 (p-r /para/, “beyond”) + 𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭𐎶 (s-u-g-d-m /Sugdam/, “Sogdiana”), in reference to them living beyond Sogdiana with respect to the Achaemenid Empire.
Compare:
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Sakā tayaiy paradraya, literally “Scythians who live across the Sea”)
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (Sakā tigraxaudā, literally “Scythians with pointed caps”)
* 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥𐎠 (Sakā haumavargā, literally “Scythians who lay hauma-plants around (the fire)”)

θ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ : i-m : x-š-ç-m : t-y : a-d-m
d-a-r-y-a-mi-i-y : h-c-a : s-k-i-b-i-š : t-y-i-y : p-r
s-u-g-d-m : a-m-t : y-a-t-a : a : ku-u-š-a : h-c-a : h-i-d-u-v
a-m-t : y-a-t-a : a : s-p-r-d-a : t-y-m-i-y : a-u-r-m-z-d-a
f-r-a-b-r : h-y : m-θ-i-š-t : b-g-a-n-a-m : m-a-m
a-u-r-m-z-d-a : p-a-tu-u-v : u-t-a-m-i-y : vi-i-θ-m
/Dārayavauš : XŠ : vazraka : XŠ : XŠyanām : XŠ : dahyūvnām
Vištāspahyā : puça : Haxāmanišiya :
θātiy : Dārayavauš : XŠ : ima : xšaçam : tya : adam
dārayāmiy : hacā : Sakaibiš : tayaiy : para
Sugdam : amata : yātā : ā : Kūšā : hacā : Hidauv
amata : yātā : ā : Spardā : tyamaiy : Auramazdā
frābara : hya : maθišta : bagānām : mām
Auramazdā : pātuv : utāmaiy : viθam/
Darius the Great King, King of Kings, King of Countries,
son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian.
Saith Darius the King: This is the kingdom which I
hold, from the Scythians who are beyond
Sogdiana, thence unto Ethiopia; from India,

the greatest of the gods bestowed upon me. Me
may Ahuramazda protect, and my royal house.

en-𐎿𐎣𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁_𐏐_𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹_𐏐_𐎱𐎼_𐏐_𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭𐎶-peo-name-rf10cE-Y