libre

head

libre m (oblique plural libres, nominative singular libres, nominative plural libre)

libres (oblique plural)
libres (nominative singular)
libre (nominative plural)

Occitan: libre

Borrowed from Latin liber. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French livre.


color

color f (oblique plural colors, nominative singular color, nominative plural colors)

colors (oblique plural)
color (nominative singular)
colors (nominative plural)

Occitan: color f


man

man f (oblique plural mans, nominative singular man, nominative plural mans)

mans (oblique plural)
man (nominative singular)
mans (nominative plural)

Occitan: man


an

an m (oblique plural ans, nominative singular ans, nominative plural an)

ans (oblique plural)
ans (nominative singular)
an (nominative plural)

Occitan: an


om

om m (oblique plural oms, nominative singular oms, nominative plural om)

oms (oblique plural)
oms (nominative singular)
om (nominative plural)


vers

vers m (oblique plural vers, nominative singular vers, nominative plural vers)

vers (oblique plural)
vers (nominative singular)
vers (nominative plural)


justicia

justicia f (nominative singular justicia)

Borrowed from Latin iūstitia (“justice”).


dia

Occitan: dia

From Vulgar Latin *dia, from Latin diēs.


paraula

paraula f (oblique plural paraulas, nominative singular paraula, nominative plural paraulas)

paraulas (oblique plural)
paraula (nominative singular)
paraulas (nominative plural)


ven

ven m (oblique plural vens, nominative singular vens, nominative plural ven)

vens (oblique plural)
vens (nominative singular)
ven (nominative plural)
vent (alternative)

Latin ventus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French vent.


falcon

falcon m (oblique plural falcons, nominative singular falcons, nominative plural falcon)

falcons (oblique plural)
falcons (nominative singular)
falcon (nominative plural)

Occitan: falcon


ram

ram m (oblique plural rams, nominative singular rams, nominative plural ram)

rams (oblique plural)
rams (nominative singular)
ram (nominative plural)

Occitan: ram

From Latin rāmus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French raim.


hospital

hospital m (oblique plural hospitals, nominative singular hospitals, nominative plural hospital)

hospitals (oblique plural)
hospitals (nominative singular)
hospital (nominative plural)
ospital (alternative)
espital (alternative)

Occitan: espital

Borrowed from Latin hospitāle (“hospital; guesthouse”), noun use of the neuter form of hospitālis (“pertaining to a host or guest”).

bor

A gleisas et a hospitals

12ᵗʰ c., Lo codi [The Code], translation of Codex Justinianeus by Justinian I:


prince

head

prince m (oblique plural princes, nominative singular princes, nominative plural prince)

princes (oblique plural)
princes (nominative singular)
prince (nominative plural)

From Latin prīnceps, possibly a borrowing.

Jaufres Rudels de Blaia si fo mout gentils hom, e fo princes de Blaia.
Jaufre Rudel of Blaye was a most noble man, and was the Lord of Blaye.

c. 1235, anonymous author, Vida of Jaufre Rudel:


chan

chan m (oblique plural chans, nominative singular chans, nominative plural chan)

chans (oblique plural)
chans (nominative singular)
chan (nominative plural)


home

home m (oblique plural homes, nominative singular hom, nominative plural home)

homes (oblique plural)
hom (nominative singular)
home (nominative plural)


mot

mot m (oblique plural motz, nominative singular motz, nominative plural mot)

motz (oblique plural)
motz (nominative singular)
mot (nominative plural)


arbre

arbre m (oblique plural arbres, nominative singular arbres, nominative plural arbre)

arbres (oblique plural)
arbres (nominative singular)
arbre (nominative plural)

desc

Occitan: arbre, aibre, aubre (Provençal), aure

dels arbres chazer la folha

c. 1145, Bernard de Ventadour, Lancan vei per mei la landa:


flor

head

flor f (oblique plural flors, nominative singular flor, nominative plural flors)

flors (oblique plural)
flor (nominative singular)
flors (nominative plural)

Occitan: flor


cor

cor m (oblique plural cors, nominative singular cors, nominative plural cor)

cors (oblique plural)
cors (nominative singular)
cor (nominative plural)

Occitan: còr

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.

Tant ai mo cor ple de joya

c. 1145, Bernard de Ventadour, Tant ai mo cor ple de joya:


tort

tort m (oblique plural tortz, nominative singular tortz, nominative plural tort)

tortz (oblique plural)
tortz (nominative singular)
tort (nominative plural)

From Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).


fe

fe f (oblique plural fes, nominative singular fe, nominative plural fes)

fes (oblique plural)
fe (nominative singular)
fes (nominative plural)
fei (alternative)

Occitan: fe


pe

pe m (oblique plural pes, nominative singular pes, nominative plural pe)

pes (oblique plural)
pes (nominative singular)
pe (nominative plural)

Occitan: pè

From Latin pedem, accusative of pes. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French pié.


testa

testa f (oblique plural testas, nominative singular testa, nominative plural testas)

testas (oblique plural)
testa (nominative singular)
testas (nominative plural)

Occitan: tèsta, testa (Limousin)


saber

saber m (oblique plural sabers, nominative singular sabers, nominative plural saber)

sabers (oblique plural)
sabers (nominative singular)
saber (nominative plural)

Catalan: saber

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapĕre (“taste, know”).


ton

ton m (oblique plural tons, nominative singular tons, nominative plural ton)

tons (oblique plural)
tons (nominative singular)
ton (nominative plural)


arma

arma f (oblique plural armas, nominative singular arma, nominative plural armas)

armas (oblique plural)
arma (nominative singular)
armas (nominative plural)

Occitan: arma

From Late Latin arma (“weapon”), from Latin arma (“defensive arms”).


verme

Occitan: vèrme

Inherited from Proto-Romance *verminem, from Latin vermis. Possibly also directly from the latter.


fin

fin f (oblique plural fins, nominative singular fin, nominative plural fins)

fins (oblique plural)
fin (nominative singular)
fins (nominative plural)

Occitan: fin


stella

stella f (oblique plural stellas, nominative singular stella, nominative plural stellas)

stellas (oblique plural)
stella (nominative singular)
stellas (nominative plural)

Occitan: estela, estiala

Occitan: Estela
→ French: Estelle

From Latin stella, from Proto-Italic *stērlā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.


terra

terra f (oblique plural terras, nominative singular terra, nominative plural terras)

terras (oblique plural)
terra (nominative singular)
terras (nominative plural)

Occitan: tèrra

From Latin terra, from Proto-Italic *terzā, from Proto-Indo-European *ters-eh₂, from *ters- (“dry”).


paire

paire m (oblique plural paires, nominative singular paires, nominative plural paire)

paires (oblique plural)
paires (nominative singular)
paire (nominative plural)

Occitan: paire


mes

mes m (oblique plural mes, nominative singular mes, nominative plural mes)

mes (oblique plural)
mes (nominative singular)
mes (nominative plural)

Occitan: mes

From Latin mensis. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French mois.


rey

rey m (oblique plural reys, nominative singular reys, nominative plural rey)

reys (oblique plural)
reys (nominative singular)
rey (nominative plural)
rei (alternative)

Occitan: rei, rèi


porc

porc m (oblique plural porcs, nominative singular porcs, nominative plural porc)

porcs (oblique plural)
porcs (nominative singular)
porc (nominative plural)
puerc (alternative)
puerch (alternative)

Occitan: pòrc

From Latin porcus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French porc.


moneda

moneda f (oblique plural monedas, nominative singular moneda, nominative plural monedas)

monedas (oblique plural)
moneda (nominative singular)
monedas (nominative plural)

Occitan: moneda

Limousin: moneda, monuda

desc

Vivaro-Alpine: monea, moneia, monha, monìa

Inherited from Latin monēta. Cognate to Old Catalan moneda, Old French monoie.


Norman

head

Norman m (oblique plural Normans, nominative singular Normans, nominative plural Norman)

Normans (oblique plural)
Normans (nominative singular)
Norman (nominative plural)


pastor

pastor m (oblique plural pastors, nominative singular pastors, nominative plural pastor)

pastors (oblique plural)
pastors (nominative singular)
pastor (nominative plural)

Occitan: pastor

From the accusative declension of Latin pāstor, pāstōrem. Cf also the form pastre from the nominative.


figa

figa f (oblique plural figas, nominative singular figa, nominative plural figas)

figas (oblique plural)
figa (nominative singular)
figas (nominative plural)

Occitan: figa

→ Old French: figue (see there for further descendants)

From Vulgar Latin *fīca, from Latin fīcus.


corona

corona f (oblique plural coronas, nominative singular corona, nominative plural coronas)

coronas (oblique plural)
corona (nominative singular)
coronas (nominative plural)

Occitan: corona, courouno

From Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “garland, wreath”).


sen

head

sen m (oblique plural sens, nominative singular sens, nominative plural sen)

sens (oblique plural)
sens (nominative singular)
sen (nominative plural)

Occitan: sen

From Vulgar Latin *sennus, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *sinn.


traitor

traitor m (oblique plural traitors, nominative singular traitors, nominative plural traitor)

traitors (oblique plural)
traitors (nominative singular)
traitor (nominative plural)


argent

argent m (oblique plural argents, nominative singular argents, nominative plural argent)

argents (oblique plural)
argents (nominative singular)
argent (nominative plural)
argen (alternative)

Occitan: argent

→ Old Spanish: argent


folha

folha f (oblique plural folhas, nominative singular folha, nominative plural folhas)

folhas (oblique plural)
folha (nominative singular)
folhas (nominative plural)
fuelha (alternative)

Occitan: fuèlha

From Late Latin folia, from the plural of Latin folium.


temps

temps m (oblique plural temps, nominative singular temps, nominative plural temps)

temps (oblique plural)
temps (nominative singular)
temps (nominative plural)

Catalan: temps


mon

mon m (oblique plural mons, nominative singular mons, nominative plural mon)

mons (oblique plural)
mons (nominative singular)
mon (nominative plural)

Catalan: món

Occitan: mond

Tota gens ditz que Vianes
Es la melher terra del mon

c. 1145, Bernard de Ventadour, Anc no gardei sazo ni mes:

Everyone says that Vianes
is the best land in the world


ley

ley f (oblique plural leys, nominative singular ley, nominative plural leys)

leys (oblique plural)
ley (nominative singular)
leys (nominative plural)

Occitan: lei

Inherited from Latin lēgem, accusative of lēx. Compare Old French lei, loi.


reina

reina f (oblique plural reinas, nominative singular reina, nominative plural reinas)

reinas (oblique plural)
reina (nominative singular)
reinas (nominative plural)

Occitan: reina


persona

Occitan: persona

Inherited from Latin persōna (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword from Etruscan *𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (*φersu, “mask”), from Ancient Greek πρόσωπον (prósōpon).


torment

head

torment m (nominative singular torments)

Occitan: torment


pena

pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)

penas (oblique plural)
pena (nominative singular)
penas (nominative plural)

Occitan: pena

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).


nom

nom m (oblique plural noms, nominative singular noms, nominative plural nom)

noms (oblique plural)
noms (nominative singular)
nom (nominative plural)

Occitan: nom

From Latin nōmen (whence Italian nome, Portuguese nome, Spanish nombre), from Proto-Italic *nomən, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (whence Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma), Russian и́мя (ímja), Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man), English name).


jornada

jornada f (oblique plural jornadas, nominative singular jornada, nominative plural jornadas)

jornadas (oblique plural)
jornada (nominative singular)
jornadas (nominative plural)

Occitan: jornada

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: jornada
Galician: xornada
Portuguese: jornada

→ Old Spanish: jornada
Spanish: jornada

inherited from Vulgar Latin *diurnāta. Derivable from jorn + -ada.


joya

head

joya f (oblique plural joyas, nominative singular joya, nominative plural joyas)

joyas (oblique plural)
joya (nominative singular)
joyas (nominative plural)


ventre

ventre m (oblique plural ventres, nominative singular ventres, nominative plural ventre)

ventres (oblique plural)
ventres (nominative singular)
ventre (nominative plural)

Occitan: ventre, vente


dolor

Occitan: dolor


marit

marit m (oblique plural maritz, nominative singular maritz, nominative plural marit)

maritz (oblique plural)
maritz (nominative singular)
marit (nominative plural)

Occitan: marit


salvador

salvador m (oblique plural salvadors, nominative singular salvadors, nominative plural salvador)

salvadors (oblique plural)
salvadors (nominative singular)
salvador (nominative plural)


creatura

creatura f (oblique plural creaturas, nominative singular creatura, nominative plural creaturas)

creaturas (oblique plural)
creatura (nominative singular)
creaturas (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin creātūra, from Latin creō.

Toza, tota creatura / Revertis a sa natura [...].

Girl, every creature reverts to its nature.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

creature (chiefly a non-human animal or being)


poder

poder m (oblique plural poders, nominative singular poders, nominative plural poder)

poders (oblique plural)
poders (nominative singular)
poder (nominative plural)
poer (alternative)

From Vulgar Latin potēre, regularization of Latin posse.


duc

duc m (oblique plural ducs, nominative singular ducs, nominative plural duc)

ducs (oblique plural)
ducs (nominative singular)
duc (nominative plural)

Occitan: duc

Learned borrowing from Latin dux, ducem.


monge

monge m (oblique plural monges, nominative singular monges, nominative plural monge)

monges (oblique plural)
monges (nominative singular)
monge (nominative plural)
monegue (alternative)
mongue (alternative)
morgue (alternative)
morge (alternative)
molge (alternative)
mergue (alternative)
monje (alternative)

Occitan: monge, morghe

desctree

→ Old Navarro-Aragonese: monge
Aragonese: monche

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: monje, monge (alt. spelling)
Galician: monxe
Portuguese: monge

→ Old Spanish: monje
Spanish: monje
→ Cebuano: monghe
→ Tagalog: monghe

Asturian: monxu

Inherited from Late Latin monicus, alteration of monachus.


comte

head

comte m (oblique plural comtes, nominative singular comtes, nominative plural comte)

comtes (oblique plural)
comtes (nominative singular)
comte (nominative plural)

Occitan: comte


capella

capella f (oblique plural capellas, nominative singular capella, nominative plural capellas)

capellas (oblique plural)
capella (nominative singular)
capellas (nominative plural)

Occitan: capèla

→ Basque: kapera

From Medieval Latin or Late Latin cappella, from cappa.


cortina

cortina f (oblique plural cortinas, nominative singular cortina, nominative plural cortinas)

cortinas (oblique plural)
cortina (nominative singular)
cortinas (nominative plural)

Occitan: cortina

Inherited from Late Latin cōrtīna (“curtain”).


joi

head

joi m (oblique plural jois, nominative singular jois, nominative plural joi)

jois (oblique plural)
jois (nominative singular)
joi (nominative plural)
jòi (alternative)
joy (alternative)

From Latin gaudium (“joy”). Compare Old French joie.


lengua

lengua f (oblique plural lenguas, nominative singular lengua, nominative plural lenguas)

lenguas (oblique plural)
lengua (nominative singular)
lenguas (nominative plural)
lenga (alternative)

Occitan: lenga

Gascon: lengua

Limousin: linga

Provençal: lengo, lenguo

(countable) language (a body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication)


forn

forn m (oblique plural forns, nominative singular forns, nominative plural forn)

forns (oblique plural)
forns (nominative singular)
forn (nominative plural)

Occitan: forn

From Latin furnus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French forn.


gota

gota f (oblique plural gotas, nominative singular gota, nominative plural gotas)

gotas (oblique plural)
gota (nominative singular)
gotas (nominative plural)

Occitan: gota

gota d'aiga que chai

c. 1145, Bernard de Ventadour, Conortz, era sai eu be:


deport

deport m (oblique plural deports, nominative singular deports, nominative plural deport)

deports (oblique plural)
deports (nominative singular)
deport (nominative plural)

12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Ges de chantar no.m pren talans
Que d'aqui mou deportz e chans

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


foc

foc m (oblique plural focs, nominative singular focs, nominative plural foc)

focs (oblique plural)
focs (nominative singular)
foc (nominative plural)
fuec (alternative)
fuoc (alternative)

desc

Occitan: fuòc, fòc, fuec, hoec (Gascony), huec (Gascony)

From Latin focus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French fu.


noch

head

noch f (oblique plural nochs, nominative singular noch, nominative plural nochs)

nochs (oblique plural)
noch (nominative singular)
nochs (nominative plural)

Occitan: nuèch


cel

Occitan: cèl, ciau, ciel, cèu


rei

rei m (oblique plural reis, nominative singular reis, nominative plural rei)

reis (oblique plural)
reis (nominative singular)
rei (nominative plural)
rey (alternative)

Occitan: rei, rèi


rima

rima f (oblique plural rimas, nominative singular rima, nominative plural rimas)

rimas (oblique plural)
rima (nominative singular)
rimas (nominative plural)


joc

joc m (oblique plural jocs, nominative singular jocs, nominative plural joc)

jocs (oblique plural)
jocs (nominative singular)
joc (nominative plural)

From Latin jocus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French geu.


erba

erba f (oblique plural erbas, nominative singular erba, nominative plural erbas)

erbas (oblique plural)
erba (nominative singular)
erbas (nominative plural)

Occitan: èrba


bou

bou m (oblique plural bous, nominative singular bous, nominative plural bou)

bous (oblique plural)
bous (nominative singular)
bou (nominative plural)
bueu (alternative)

Auvergnat: beu, bueu

Gascon: buèu, bueu, beu, bieu, büu

Languedocien: buòu, biòu

Provençal: buou, bou

Vivaro-Alpine: buou

From Latin bōvem, accusative singular of bōs.


amic

amic m (oblique plural amics, nominative singular amics, nominative plural amic)

amics (oblique plural)
amics (nominative singular)
amic (nominative plural)

Occitan: amic, ami (Mistralian)

Tuih mei amic, pois ma domna no m’ama!

c. 1145, Bernard de Ventadour, Be m'an perdut lai enves Ventadorn:


torre

torre f (oblique plural torres, nominative singular torre, nominative plural torres)

torres (oblique plural)
torre (nominative singular)
torres (nominative plural)

Occitan: torre


escut

escut m (oblique plural escuts, nominative singular escuts, nominative plural escut)

escuts (oblique plural)
escuts (nominative singular)
escut (nominative plural)

Occitan: escut


aur

aur m (oblique plural aurs, nominative singular aurs, nominative plural aur)

aurs (oblique plural)
aurs (nominative singular)
aur (nominative plural)

Occitan: aur


agur

agur m (oblique plural agurs, nominative singular agurs, nominative plural agur)

agurs (oblique plural)
agurs (nominative singular)
agur (nominative plural)
aur (alternative)
augur (alternative)
argur (alternative)

Inherited from Latin augurium. Compare Old French eur.


truc

truc m (oblique plural trucs, nominative singular trucs, nominative plural truc)

trucs (oblique plural)
trucs (nominative singular)
truc (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Old French: trut
Middle French: truc, truq, trut
French: truc (see there for further descendants)


loc

head

loc m (oblique plural locs, nominative singular locs, nominative plural loc)

locs (oblique plural)
locs (nominative singular)
loc (nominative plural)
loic (alternative)
luec (alternative)

Occitan: lòc, luec, luòc


abadia

abadia f (oblique plural abadias, nominative singular abadia, nominative plural abadias)

abadias (oblique plural)
abadia (nominative singular)
abadias (nominative plural)

Occitan: abadiá

From Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbātia. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French abaie.


sant

sant m (oblique plural sants, nominative singular sants, nominative plural sant)

sants (oblique plural)
sants (nominative singular)
sant (nominative plural)
san (alternative)
sanct (alternative)


bosc

bosc m (oblique plural boscs, nominative singular boscs, nominative plural bosc)

boscs (oblique plural)
boscs (nominative singular)
bosc (nominative plural)
boiso (alternative)
boscu (alternative)

Occitan:

Gascon: bòsc (Aranais)

Languedocien: bòsc

Provençal: bos (Mistralienne), boasc (Niçois), bòsc (Occitane)

Vivaro-Alpin: bòsc

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin boscus, borrowed from Frankish *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.

etymon

12th century, Jaufré Rudel, Lanquan lo temps renovelha
E quand lo bosc reverdeya


guisa

head

guisa f (oblique plural guisas, nominative singular guisa, nominative plural guisas)

guisas (oblique plural)
guisa (nominative singular)
guisas (nominative plural)
guia (alternative)
guiza (alternative)

From Late Latin [Term?] (compare Old French guise, Italian guisa), from Proto-Germanic *wisa, related to *wīsaz (“wise”).
Cognate with English wise and German Weise. Compare Spanish guisa, Italian guisa.

Ma dona m'assai' e·m prueva, / Quossi de qual guiza l'am [...].

My lady tries to test me to find out how much I love her.


hospitals

inflection of hospital:
nominative singular


novela

novela f (oblique plural novelas, nominative singular novela, nominative plural novelas)

novelas (oblique plural)
novela (nominative singular)
novelas (nominative plural)
novella (alternative)


talan

talan m (oblique plural talans, nominative singular talans, nominative plural talan)

talans (oblique plural)
talans (nominative singular)
talan (nominative plural)
talant (alternative)
talent (alternative)


tosa

tosa f (oblique plural tosas, nominative singular tosa, nominative plural tosas)

tosas (oblique plural)
tosa (nominative singular)
tosas (nominative plural)
toza (alternative)

«Toza, fi·m eu, res faitissa, / Dol ai gran del ven que·us fissa.»

‘Girl,’ I said, ‘beautiful thing, I have great concern about the wind which is biting you.’


tron

tron m (oblique plural trons, nominative singular trons, nominative plural tron)

trons (oblique plural)
trons (nominative singular)
tron (nominative plural)


verdura

verdura f (oblique plural verduras, nominative singular verdura, nominative plural verduras)

verduras (oblique plural)
verdura (nominative singular)
verduras (nominative plural)


esper

esper m (oblique plural espers, nominative singular espers, nominative plural esper)

espers (oblique plural)
espers (nominative singular)
esper (nominative plural)


merce

merce f (oblique plural merces, nominative singular merce, nominative plural merces)

merces (oblique plural)
merce (nominative singular)
merces (nominative plural)


sposa

sposa f (oblique plural sposas, nominative singular sposa, nominative plural sposas)

sposas (oblique plural)
sposa (nominative singular)
sposas (nominative plural)
esposa (alternative)


senhor

senhor m (oblique plural senhors, nominative singular senher, nominative plural senhor)

senhors (oblique plural)
senher (nominative singular)
senhor (nominative plural)
segnor (alternative)

Occitan: sénher, senhor, signour


fam

Occitan: fam

Quar senes lieys non puesc viure, / Tant ai pres de s'amor gran fam.

For without her I cannot live, such great hunger have I for her love.


flaut

flaut f (oblique plural flauts, nominative singular flaut, nominative plural flauts)

flauts (oblique plural)
flaut (nominative singular)
flauts (nominative plural)

Occitan: flaüta

→ Asturian: flauta

→ Catalan: flauta

→ Italian: flauto (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: flauta

→ Spanish: flauta (see there for further descendants)

→ Old French: fleute (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps a blend of flaujol (“flageolet”) + laüt (“lute”). The first element is probably from Vulgar Latin *flabeolum (“flute”), from Latin flabrum.


maestre

maestre m (oblique plural maestres, nominative singular maestres, nominative plural maestre)

maestres (oblique plural)
maestres (nominative singular)
maestre (nominative plural)

Occitan: mèstre

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: meestre, maestre (or via Old Catalan)
Galician: mestre
Portuguese: mestre

→ Spanish: maestre

From Latin magister, magistrum. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French maistre.

master; Master; magister (honorific title)


peca

head

peca m (oblique plural pecas, nominative singular pecas, nominative plural peca)

pecas (oblique plural)
pecas (nominative singular)
peca (nominative plural)
pecca (alternative)
pecha (alternative)


renda

renda f (oblique plural rendas, nominative singular renda, nominative plural rendas)

rendas (oblique plural)
renda (nominative singular)
rendas (nominative plural)

Occitan: renda

→ Iberia:

Old Galician-Portuguese: renda

Galician: renda

Portuguese: renda

Old Spanish: renda


folia

folia f (oblique plural folias, nominative singular folia, nominative plural folias)

folias (oblique plural)
folia (nominative singular)
folias (nominative plural)

Cognate with Old French folie, Old Galician-Portuguese folia.


cors

Occitan: còs


daga

daga f (oblique plural dagas, nominative singular daga, nominative plural dagas)

dagas (oblique plural)
daga (nominative singular)
dagas (nominative plural)


vila

vila m (oblique plural vilas, nominative singular vilas, nominative plural vila)

vilas (oblique plural)
vilas (nominative singular)
vila (nominative plural)
vilan (alternative)

Cerca fols la folatura, / Cortes cortez’ aventura, / E·l vilas ab la vilana [...].

The fool searches for folly, the gentleman for gentle adventure, and the peasant for his peasant-girl.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


aigua

aigua f (oblique plural aiguas, nominative singular aigua, nominative plural aiguas)

aiguas (oblique plural)
aigua (nominative singular)
aiguas (nominative plural)
agua (alternative)
aiga (alternative)

Occitan: aiga, aigua


ciutat

ciutat f (oblique plural ciutats, nominative singular ciutat, nominative plural ciutats)

ciutats (oblique plural)
ciutat (nominative singular)
ciutats (nominative plural)
ciptat (alternative)
ciu (alternative)

Occitan: ciutat


filh

filh m (oblique plural filhs, nominative singular filhs, nominative plural filh)

filhs (oblique plural)
filhs (nominative singular)
filh (nominative plural)

Occitan: filh, fiu, hilh

From Latin fīlium, accusative singular of fīlius. The nominative singular derives from the Latin nominative form. Compare Old French fil, fiz.


doctrina

doctrina f (oblique plural doctrinas, nominative singular doctrina, nominative plural doctrinas)

doctrinas (oblique plural)
doctrina (nominative singular)
doctrinas (nominative plural)


onor

onor m (oblique plural onors, nominative singular onors, nominative plural onor)

onors (oblique plural)
onors (nominative singular)
onor (nominative plural)
honor (alternative)

Occitan: onor


melhor

Occitan: melhor, milhor


maizo

maizo f (oblique plural maizons, nominative singular maizo, nominative plural maizons)

maizons (oblique plural)
maizo (nominative singular)
maizons (nominative plural)

From Latin mansiō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French meson.


castel

castel m (oblique plural castels, nominative singular castels, nominative plural castel)

castels (oblique plural)
castels (nominative singular)
castel (nominative plural)

Occitan:

Auvergnat: chastèl

Languedocien: castèl

Provençal: castèu

Vivaro-Alpine: chastèu

From Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French chastel.

castle (large fortified medieval building)


espina

espina f (oblique plural espinas, nominative singular espina, nominative plural espinas)

espinas (oblique plural)
espina (nominative singular)
espinas (nominative plural)

Occitan: espina


carn

Occitan: carn


caval

caval m (oblique plural cavals, nominative singular cavals, nominative plural caval)

cavals (oblique plural)
cavals (nominative singular)
caval (nominative plural)

Occitan: caval

From Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), of Gaulish origin.


cambra

cambra f (oblique plural cambras, nominative singular cambra, nominative plural cambras)

cambras (oblique plural)
cambra (nominative singular)
cambras (nominative plural)
chambra (alternative)

Occitan: cambra, chambra

From Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára). Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French chambre.


guerrier

guerrier m (oblique plural guerriers, nominative singular guerriers, nominative plural guerrier)

guerriers (oblique plural)
guerriers (nominative singular)
guerrier (nominative plural)

Occitan: guerrièr


esperit

esperit m (oblique plural esperits, nominative singular esperits, nominative plural esperit)

esperits (oblique plural)
esperits (nominative singular)
esperit (nominative plural)
sperit (alternative)

Occitan: esperit

soul (intangible essence of a sentient being)


apostol

apostol m (oblique plural apostols, nominative singular apostols, nominative plural apostol)

apostols (oblique plural)
apostols (nominative singular)
apostol (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “messenger, one sent forth”), from ἀποστέλλω (apostéllō, “I send off”), from ἀπό (apó, “from”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “I set”).


riu

head

riu m (oblique plural rius, nominative singular rius, nominative plural riu)

rius (oblique plural)
rius (nominative singular)
riu (nominative plural)

Occitan: riu

From Vulgar Latin rius (“river”) or Latin rīvus (“brook; small stream”).


forsa

forsa f (oblique plural forsas, nominative singular forsa, nominative plural forsas)

forsas (oblique plural)
forsa (nominative singular)
forsas (nominative plural)
forssa (alternative)
forza (alternative)

Occitan: fòrça

From Late Latin fortia, a noun derived from the neuter plural of Latin fortis (“strong”). Compare Old French force.


pauta

pauta f (oblique plural pautas, nominative singular pauta, nominative plural pautas)

pautas (oblique plural)
pauta (nominative singular)
pautas (nominative plural)

Occitan: pauta

→⇒ Basque: potika (“on all fours”)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *pauta. Compare Old French poe.

1417–1424, Cathalogus dels apostolis de Roma, fol. 120

A wicked and hungry wolf who took his head between its paws without touching it with its teeth.

.I. lop mal e cruel e afamat, lo qual pres lo cap entre sas pautas premieras, ses tocar de las dens.


aurelha

aurelha f (oblique plural aurelhas, nominative singular aurelha, nominative plural aurelhas)

aurelhas (oblique plural)
aurelha (nominative singular)
aurelhas (nominative plural)

Occitan: aurelha


genolh

genolh m (oblique plural genolhs, nominative singular genolhs, nominative plural genolh)

genolhs (oblique plural)
genolhs (nominative singular)
genolh (nominative plural)

Occitan: genolh

From Late Latin genuculum, alteration of Latin geniculum, diminutive of genū (“knee”).


fraire

Occitan: fraire, frair

desc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: freire, freira

Portuguese: freire, frei, freira

Galician: frei

→ Spanish: fraile, fray

→? Venetan: frar

→ Cimbrian: fraar

From Latin frāter. Compare Old French frere.


Grec

head

Grec m (oblique plural Grecs, nominative singular Grecs, nominative plural Grec)

Grecs (oblique plural)
Grecs (nominative singular)
Grec (nominative plural)


nien

From Latin ne gentem. Compare Old French nient, Italian niente.


plastre

plastre m (oblique plural plastres, nominative singular plastres, nominative plural plastre)

plastres (oblique plural)
plastres (nominative singular)
plastre (nominative plural)


joia

joia f (oblique plural joias, nominative singular joia, nominative plural joias)

joias (oblique plural)
joia (nominative singular)
joias (nominative plural)
joya (alternative)

From Late Latin gaudia, plural of the Classical Latin gaudium (“joy”).


joglar

joglar m (oblique plural joglars, nominative singular joglars, nominative plural joglar)

joglars (oblique plural)
joglars (nominative singular)
joglar (nominative plural)

Occitan: joglar


estiu

estiu m (oblique plural estius, nominative singular estius, nominative plural estiu)

estius (oblique plural)
estius (nominative singular)
estiu (nominative plural)

Occitan: estiu, estiéu

Inherited from Latin [tempus] aestīvum (literally “summertime”).


clerc

head

clerc m (oblique plural clercs, nominative singular clercs, nominative plural clerc)

clercs (oblique plural)
clercs (nominative singular)
clerc (nominative plural)

From Late Latin clēricus (“clergyman, priest”), from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós).


jorn

head

jorn m (oblique plural jorns, nominative singular jorns, nominative plural jorn)

jorns (oblique plural)
jorns (nominative singular)
jorn (nominative plural)

Occitan: jorn

Inherited from Late Latin diurnum. Compare Old French jor.

Lo tems vai e ven e vire / Per jorns, per mes e per ans [...].

Time comes and goes and turns, by days, by months and by years.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


ome

ome m (oblique plural omes, nominative singular om, nominative plural ome)

omes (oblique plural)
om (nominative singular)
ome (nominative plural)
hom (alternative)
home (alternative)
om (alternative)
omne (alternative)


arnes

arnes m (oblique plural arnes, nominative singular arnes, nominative plural arnes)

arnes (oblique plural)
arnes (nominative singular)
arnes (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Old Norse *hernest. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French hernois.


amor

amor m (oblique plural amors, nominative singular amors, nominative plural amor)

amors (oblique plural)
amors (nominative singular)
amor (nominative plural)

Occitan: amor

Assatz sai d’amor ben parlar [...].


batalha

batalha f (oblique plural batalhas, nominative singular batalha, nominative plural batalhas)

batalhas (oblique plural)
batalha (nominative singular)
batalhas (nominative plural)

Occitan: batalha

desc

→ Old Spanish: batalla (or from Old French)

Ladino: batalya

Spanish: batalla

From Late Latin battālia, variant of battuālia (“fencing, fighting practice”), from Latin battuō (“to strike”).


colp

head

colp m (oblique plural colps, nominative singular colps, nominative plural colp)

colps (oblique plural)
colps (nominative singular)
colp (nominative plural)

Occitan: còp

From Late Latin colpus, syncopated form of Latin colaphus, from Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos, “blow, smack”).


flama

head

flama f (oblique plural flamas, nominative singular flama, nominative plural flamas)

flamas (oblique plural)
flama (nominative singular)
flamas (nominative plural)

Occitan: flamba, flama

From Latin flamma. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French flame.


poble

poble m (oblique plural pobles, nominative singular pobles, nominative plural poble)

pobles (oblique plural)
pobles (nominative singular)
poble (nominative plural)

Occitan: pòble

From Latin populus. Compare Old French pueple, pople.


segle

segle m (oblique plural segles, nominative singular segles, nominative plural segle)

segles (oblique plural)
segles (nominative singular)
segle (nominative plural)

Catalan: segle

Occitan: sègle, sècle, siècle

From Latin saeculum. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French siecle.

worldly existence (as opposed to heavenly existence)


vergier

vergier m (oblique plural vergiers, nominative singular vergiers, nominative plural vergier)

vergiers (oblique plural)
vergiers (nominative singular)
vergier (nominative plural)

Occitan: vergièr

desc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: vergeu, vergel

Portuguese: vergel

→ Spanish: vergel

From Latin viridiārium, variant of viridārium, from viridis (“green”). Compare Old French vergier.

orchard, or other place where fruit is grown


autrier

(with definite article) the other day (in the recent past)


aiga

head

aiga f (oblique plural aigas, nominative singular aiga, nominative plural aigas)

aigas (oblique plural)
aiga (nominative singular)
aigas (nominative plural)


jòi

jòi m (oblique plural jòis, nominative singular jòis, nominative plural jòi)

jòis (oblique plural)
jòis (nominative singular)
jòi (nominative plural)


molher

molher f (oblique plural molhers, nominative singular molher, nominative plural molhers)

molhers (oblique plural)
molher (nominative singular)
molhers (nominative plural)

Occitan: molhèr

→ Middle French: moulhé


plor

plor m (oblique plural plors, nominative singular plors, nominative plural plor)

plors (oblique plural)
plors (nominative singular)
plor (nominative plural)


scriptura

scriptura f (oblique plural scripturas, nominative singular scriptura, nominative plural scripturas)

scripturas (oblique plural)
scriptura (nominative singular)
scripturas (nominative plural)


veritat

veritat f (oblique plural veritats, nominative singular veritat, nominative plural veritats)

veritats (oblique plural)
veritat (nominative singular)
veritats (nominative plural)
vertat (alternative)

In this form, possibly borrowed from Latin vēritās, vēritātem.


caut

caut m (oblique plural cauts, nominative singular cauts, nominative plural caut)

cauts (oblique plural)
cauts (nominative singular)
caut (nominative plural)


vertat

vertat f (oblique plural vertatz, nominative singular vertat, nominative plural vertatz)

vertatz (oblique plural)
vertat (nominative singular)
vertatz (nominative plural)
veritat (alternative)

Occitan: vertat


desir

desir m (oblique plural desirs, nominative singular desirs, nominative plural desir)

desirs (oblique plural)
desirs (nominative singular)
desir (nominative plural)


ospital

ospital m (oblique plural ospitals, nominative singular ospitals, nominative plural ospital)

ospitals (oblique plural)
ospitals (nominative singular)
ospital (nominative plural)


charn

charn f (oblique plural charns, nominative singular charn, nominative plural charns)

charns (oblique plural)
charn (nominative singular)
charns (nominative plural)
carn (alternative)

Occitan: charn

From Latin carnem, accusative singular of carō.

12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Lo tems vai e ven e vire
Ai, frescha charn colorida,
Cui Deus formet ab sas mas
fresh, colored flesh


tems

tems m (oblique plural tems, nominative singular tems, nominative plural tems)

tems (oblique plural)
tems (nominative singular)
tems (nominative plural)
temps (alternative)

Occitan: tèms, tems, temps

From Latin tempus. Compare Old French temps, tens.


clausa

clausa f (oblique plural clausas, nominative singular clausa, nominative plural clausas)

clausas (oblique plural)
clausa (nominative singular)
clausas (nominative plural)
clauza (alternative)

Latin clausula. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French clause.


canczon

canczon f (oblique plural canczons, nominative singular canczon, nominative plural canczons)

canczons (oblique plural)
canczon (nominative singular)
canczons (nominative plural)

Catalan: cançó

Occitan: cançon


paraulla

paraulla f (oblique plural paraullas, nominative singular paraulla, nominative plural paraullas)

paraullas (oblique plural)
paraulla (nominative singular)
paraullas (nominative plural)
paraula (alternative)

Occitan: paraula

From Late Latin, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Compare Old French parole.


ciutad

ciutad f (oblique plural ciutads, nominative singular ciutad, nominative plural ciutads)

ciutads (oblique plural)
ciutad (nominative singular)
ciutads (nominative plural)

Occitan: ciutat


domna

domna f (oblique plural domnas, nominative singular domna, nominative plural domnas)

domnas (oblique plural)
domna (nominative singular)
domnas (nominative plural)
doma (alternative)
dompna (alternative)

Occitan: dòna

Catalan: dona

From Late Latin domna, shortened variant of Latin domina.

E sa ma dextra la domna u libre te

In her right hand, the woman held a book.

Qual pro y auretz, dompna conja, / Si vostr’amors mi deslonja?

What gain for you, beautiful lady, if you distance me from your love?

Domna, vostre sui e serai

c. 1145, Bernard de Ventadour, Pel doutz chan que.l rossinhols fai:


plom

plom m (oblique plural ploms, nominative singular ploms, nominative plural plom)

ploms (oblique plural)
ploms (nominative singular)
plom (nominative plural)

Occitan: plomb, plom


salvament

salvament m (oblique plural salvaments, nominative singular salvaments, nominative plural salvament)

salvaments (oblique plural)
salvaments (nominative singular)
salvament (nominative plural)

Inherited from Late Latin salvāmentum. Synchronically derivable from salvar + -ment.


amistat

amistat f (oblique plural amistats, nominative singular amistat, nominative plural amistats)

amistats (oblique plural)
amistat (nominative singular)
amistats (nominative plural)

Occitan: amistat

desc

→ Old Italian: amistade, amistate, amistà

Italian: amistà
→ Friulian: amistât

Sicilian: amistà, amistati

From Vulgar Latin *amīcitātem, derived from Latin amīcus (“friend”).


paor

head

paor f (oblique plural paors, nominative singular paor, nominative plural paors)

paors (oblique plural)
paor (nominative singular)
paors (nominative plural)

Occitan: paur


lansa

lansa f (oblique plural lansas, nominative singular lansa, nominative plural lansas)

lansas (oblique plural)
lansa (nominative singular)
lansas (nominative plural)

Occitan: lança


pecat

pecat m (oblique plural pecatz, nominative singular pecatz, nominative plural pecat)

pecatz (oblique plural)
pecatz (nominative singular)
pecat (nominative plural)

Occitan: pecat


ivern

ivern m (oblique plural iverns, nominative singular iverns, nominative plural ivern)

iverns (oblique plural)
iverns (nominative singular)
ivern (nominative plural)

Occitan: ivèrn


enemic

enemic m (oblique plural enemics, nominative singular enemics, nominative plural enemic)

enemics (oblique plural)
enemics (nominative singular)
enemic (nominative plural)

Occitan: enemic

From Latin inimīcus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French enemi.


chavaler

chavaler m (oblique plural chavalers, nominative singular chavalers, nominative plural chavaler)

chavalers (oblique plural)
chavalers (nominative singular)
chavaler (nominative plural)
cavalier (alternative)
cavallier (alternative)
chavallier (alternative)
chivaler (alternative)

From Vulgar Latin caballarius, from Latin caballus (“horse”). Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French chevalier.


messatger

messatger m (oblique plural messatgers, nominative singular messatgers, nominative plural messatger)

messatgers (oblique plural)
messatgers (nominative singular)
messatger (nominative plural)
mesager (alternative)
messatgier (alternative)

Occitan: messatgièr


olh

olh m (oblique plural olhs, nominative singular olhs, nominative plural olh)

olhs (oblique plural)
olhs (nominative singular)
olh (nominative plural)

Occitan: uèlh

From Vulgar Latin oclus, from Latin oculus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).

der

De l’aiga que dels olhs plor,

c. 1145, Bernard de Ventadour, Era.m cosselhatz, senhor:

Of the water that I'm crying from my eyes,


noih

head

noih f (oblique plural noihs, nominative singular noih, nominative plural noihs)

noihs (oblique plural)
noih (nominative singular)
noihs (nominative plural)
noit (alternative)

night (period of darkness while the Earth's surface is turned away from the Sun)


rossinhol

rossinhol m (oblique plural rossinhols, nominative singular rossinhols, nominative plural rossinhol)

rossinhols (oblique plural)
rossinhols (nominative singular)
rossinhol (nominative plural)
rossignol (alternative)

Occitan: rossinhòl

→ French: rossignol

→ Walloon: råskignoû

desc

→? Italian: usignolo, usignuolo, rusignuolo

→ Galician: rousinol, reiseñor

→ Ladin: rusignûl

→? Piedmontese: arsigneul

→ Portuguese: rouxinol, roixinol, reixinol

→ Spanish: ruiseñor

Derived from Vulgar Latin *rusciniolus, from Vulgar Latin lusciniola, diminutive of Classical Latin luscinia. Cognate with Catalan rossinyol.


chanso

head

chanso f (oblique plural chansos, nominative singular chanso, nominative plural chansos)

chansos (oblique plural)
chanso (nominative singular)
chansos (nominative plural)
canso (alternative)
canzo (alternative)
chanzo (alternative)


chansoneta

chansoneta f (oblique plural chansonetas, nominative singular chansoneta, nominative plural chansonetas)

chansonetas (oblique plural)
chansoneta (nominative singular)
chansonetas (nominative plural)

Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French chançonete


amador

amador m (oblique plural amadors, nominative singular amadors, nominative plural amador)

amadors (oblique plural)
amadors (nominative singular)
amador (nominative plural)


chantador

chantador m (oblique plural chantadors, nominative singular chantadors, nominative plural chantador)

chantadors (oblique plural)
chantadors (nominative singular)
chantador (nominative plural)
cantador (alternative)


auzel

auzel m (oblique plural auzels, nominative singular auzels, nominative plural auzel)

auzels (oblique plural)
auzels (nominative singular)
auzel (nominative plural)
aucel (alternative)
ausel (alternative)
auzelh (alternative)

Occitan: aucèl

From Late Latin aucellus, from Late Latin aucellus m (“little bird”), a diminutive ultimately based on Latin avis f (“bird”).

Lanquan li jorn son loc en may / M'es belhs dous chans d’auzelhs, de lonh [...].

Since the days are long in May, I love the soft songs of far-off birds.


enfern

enfern m (oblique plural enferns, nominative singular enferns, nominative plural enfern)

enferns (oblique plural)
enferns (nominative singular)
enfern (nominative plural)

Occitan: infèrn, in·hèrn


sazo

sazo f (oblique plural sazons, nominative singular sazo, nominative plural sazons)

sazons (oblique plural)
sazo (nominative singular)
sazons (nominative plural)

season (period lasting approximately three months)


razo

razo f (oblique plural razos, nominative singular razo, nominative plural razos)

razos (oblique plural)
razo (nominative singular)
razos (nominative plural)


vizatge

vizatge m (oblique plural vizatges, nominative singular vizatges, nominative plural vizatge)

vizatges (oblique plural)
vizatges (nominative singular)
vizatge (nominative plural)

Occitan: visatge

→? Piedmontese: visagi

From Vulgar Latin *vīsāticum, derived from Latin vīsus. Or, by surface analysis, vis + -atge. Compare Old French visage.


linhatge

linhatge m (oblique plural linhatges, nominative singular linhatges, nominative plural linhatge)

linhatges (oblique plural)
linhatges (nominative singular)
linhatge (nominative plural)

Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French linage.


bocha

bocha f (oblique plural bochas, nominative singular bocha, nominative plural bochas)

bochas (oblique plural)
bocha (nominative singular)
bochas (nominative plural)

From Latin bucca. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French boche.


beutat

beutat f (oblique plural beutats, nominative singular beutat, nominative plural beutats)

beutats (oblique plural)
beutat (nominative singular)
beutats (nominative plural)


fron

fron m (oblique plural frons, nominative singular frons, nominative plural fron)

frons (oblique plural)
frons (nominative singular)
fron (nominative plural)

From Latin frons. Cognate with Old French front.


boschatge

boschatge m (oblique plural boschatges, nominative singular boschatges, nominative plural boschatge)

boschatges (oblique plural)
boschatges (nominative singular)
boschatge (nominative plural)

From Vulgar Latin *boscāticum. By surface analysis, bosc + atge.


paubre

Occitan: paubre, praube, paure

From Latin pauper. Compare Old French povre.


paubretat

paubretat f (oblique plural paubretats, nominative singular paubretat, nominative plural paubretats)

paubretats (oblique plural)
paubretat (nominative singular)
paubretats (nominative plural)
pauretá (alternative)

Occitan: paubretat, pauretat

Inherited from Latin paupertātem. Compare Old French poverté.


senher

senher m (oblique plural senhers, nominative singular senhers, nominative plural senher)

senhers (oblique plural)
senhers (nominative singular)
senher (nominative plural)


ricor

ricor m (oblique plural ricors, nominative singular ricors, nominative plural ricor)

ricors (oblique plural)
ricors (nominative singular)
ricor (nominative plural)


fustet

fustet m (oblique plural fustets, nominative singular fustets, nominative plural fustet)

fustets (oblique plural)
fustets (nominative singular)
fustet (nominative plural)

Occitan: fustet

desctree

→ Middle French: fustet, fustel, fustec, fustot
French: fustet, fustel, fustic, fustoc
→ English: fustet, fustic, fustoc
→ German: Fustet, Fustic, Fustetholz, Fusticholz, Fisetholz
→ Spanish: fustoc

→ Piedmontese: fustot

From Arabic فُسْتَق (fustaq, “pistachio”) (also the source of Old Occitan and Catalan festuc (“pistachio”)), with the ending substituted by the masculine diminutive suffix -et and with the meaning changed to 'smoke tree'. Compare Catalan fustet (“smoke tree”), presumably borrowed from Occitan or vice-versa. Pistachio and smoke trees share certain affinities, with both belonging to the Anacardiaceae family.

Cotinus coggygria
Cotinus coggygria#Translingual


jujament

head

jujament m (oblique plural jujaments, nominative singular jujaments, nominative plural jujament)

jujaments (oblique plural)
jujaments (nominative singular)
jujament (nominative plural)

Occitan: jutjament

From Late Latin iūdicāmentum, jūdicāmentum, from Latin iūdicō (“pass judgement upon”). Compare Old French jugement.


fellon

fellon m (oblique plural fellons, nominative singular fellons, nominative plural fellon)

fellons (oblique plural)
fellons (nominative singular)
fellon (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Frankish [Term?], compare Old French felon, Anglo-Norman felun.


payre

payre m (oblique plural payres, nominative singular payres, nominative plural payre)

payres (oblique plural)
payres (nominative singular)
payre (nominative plural)


sapiencia

sapiencia f (oblique plural sapiencias, nominative singular sapiencia, nominative plural sapiencias)

sapiencias (oblique plural)
sapiencia (nominative singular)
sapiencias (nominative plural)


payament

payament m (oblique plural payaments, nominative singular payaments, nominative plural payament)

payaments (oblique plural)
payaments (nominative singular)
payament (nominative plural)


començament

començament m (oblique plural començaments, nominative singular començaments, nominative plural començament)

començaments (oblique plural)
començaments (nominative singular)
començament (nominative plural)


frayre

frayre m (oblique plural frayres, nominative singular frayres, nominative plural frayre)

frayres (oblique plural)
frayres (nominative singular)
frayre (nominative plural)


lengaje

lengaje m (oblique plural lengajes, nominative singular lengajes, nominative plural lengaje)

lengajes (oblique plural)
lengajes (nominative singular)
lengaje (nominative plural)

Adonca era un lengaje entra tota la gent ;

Thus, there was a language shared by all people

alternative form of lenguatge (“language”)


ydola

ydola f (oblique plural ydolas, nominative singular ydola, nominative plural ydolas)

ydolas (oblique plural)
ydola (nominative singular)
ydolas (nominative plural)

idol (object that depicts something or someone)


eysemple

eysemple m (oblique plural eysemples, nominative singular eysemples, nominative plural eysemple)

eysemples (oblique plural)
eysemples (nominative singular)
eysemple (nominative plural)


donçela

donçela f (oblique plural donçelas, nominative singular donçela, nominative plural donçelas)

donçelas (oblique plural)
donçela (nominative singular)
donçelas (nominative plural)

Occitan: donzèla

→ Italian: donzella

From Vulgar Latin *domnicella, diminutive of domina.


lignaje

lignaje m (oblique plural lignajes, nominative singular lignajes, nominative plural lignaje)

lignajes (oblique plural)
lignajes (nominative singular)
lignaje (nominative plural)


sperit

sperit m (oblique plural sperits, nominative singular sperits, nominative plural sperit)

sperits (oblique plural)
sperits (nominative singular)
sperit (nominative plural)


leyçon

leyçon f (oblique plural leyçons, nominative singular leyçon, nominative plural leyçons)

leyçons (oblique plural)
leyçon (nominative singular)
leyçons (nominative plural)


fantin

fantin m (oblique plural fantins, nominative singular fantins, nominative plural fantin)

fantins (oblique plural)
fantins (nominative singular)
fantin (nominative plural)


baptisme

baptisme m (oblique plural baptismes, nominative singular baptismes, nominative plural baptisme)

baptismes (oblique plural)
baptismes (nominative singular)
baptisme (nominative plural)

Probably borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin baptismum, from Ancient Greek βαπτισμός (baptismós).


Jusio

Jusio m (oblique plural Jusios, nominative singular Jusios, nominative plural Jusio)

Jusios (oblique plural)
Jusios (nominative singular)
Jusio (nominative plural)


escriptura

escriptura f (oblique plural escripturas, nominative singular escriptura, nominative plural escripturas)

escripturas (oblique plural)
escriptura (nominative singular)
escripturas (nominative plural)
scriptura (alternative)

Occitan: escritura

From Latin scriptūra. Perhaps semi-learned or partially re-Latinized in spelling.

(Christianity) The Scripture (the Christian Bible)


covenent

covenent m (oblique plural covenents, nominative singular covenents, nominative plural covenent)

covenents (oblique plural)
covenents (nominative singular)
covenent (nominative plural)


croç

Lo cors remas aqui pendu sus en la croç

His body remained here, hanging on the cross


ensegador

ensegador m (oblique plural ensegadors, nominative singular ensegadors, nominative plural ensegador)

ensegadors (oblique plural)
ensegadors (nominative singular)
ensegador (nominative plural)


Saraçin

Saraçin m (oblique plural Saraçins, nominative singular Saraçins, nominative plural Saraçin)

Saraçins (oblique plural)
Saraçins (nominative singular)
Saraçin (nominative plural)

Saracen (term for a Muslim during the Middle Ages)


crestian

crestian m (oblique plural crestians, nominative singular crestians, nominative plural crestian)

crestians (oblique plural)
crestians (nominative singular)
crestian (nominative plural)

From Latin Christiānus, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós).


comandament

comandament m (oblique plural comandaments, nominative singular comandaments, nominative plural comandament)

comandaments (oblique plural)
comandaments (nominative singular)
comandament (nominative plural)


bontat

From Latin bonitās, from bonus (“good”).

goodness (quality of that which is good)


meser

meser m (oblique plural mesers, nominative singular mesers, nominative plural meser)

mesers (oblique plural)
mesers (nominative singular)
meser (nominative plural)

desc

→ Italian: missere, messere, messer, ser

→ Sicilian: misseri

→ Maltese: missier (“father”)

mister, sir (a title or form of address for a man)


plueva

From Late Latin *plovia, from Latin pluvia, after plovere. Compare Italian pioggia, Catalan ploja.

Farai chansoneta nueva / Ans que vent ni gel ni plueva [...].

I'll make a new little song, before the wind, ice or rain.


auzelh

head

auzelh m (oblique plural auzelhs, nominative singular auzelhs, nominative plural auzelh)

auzelhs (oblique plural)
auzelhs (nominative singular)
auzelh (nominative plural)


toza

toza f (oblique plural tozas, nominative singular toza, nominative plural tozas)

tozas (oblique plural)
toza (nominative singular)
tozas (nominative plural)


cavec

cavec m (oblique plural cavecs, nominative singular cavecs, nominative plural cavec)

cavecs (oblique plural)
cavecs (nominative singular)
cavec (nominative plural)

c. 1130, Marcabru, pastorela

Don, lo cavecs vos ahura [...].
Sire, the owl portends your fate.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


Jaufre

Jaufre m (oblique plural Jaufres, nominative singular Jaufres, nominative plural Jaufre)

Jaufres (oblique plural)
Jaufres (nominative singular)
Jaufre (nominative plural)

Occitan: Jaufré

a male given name, equivalent to English Geoffrey


pensamen

pensamen m (oblique plural pensamens, nominative singular pensamens, nominative plural pensamen)

pensamens (oblique plural)
pensamens (nominative singular)
pensamen (nominative plural)
pensament (alternative)

Occitan: pensamen


vermena

vermena f (oblique plural vermenas, nominative singular vermena, nominative plural vermenas)

vermenas (oblique plural)
vermena (nominative singular)
vermenas (nominative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Romance *verminem m, from Latin vermis.


cardon

head

cardon m (oblique plural cardons, nominative singular cardons, nominative plural cardon)

cardons (oblique plural)
cardons (nominative singular)
cardon (nominative plural)

French: cardon

Occitan: cardon

From Medieval Latin cardo, from Latin carduus (“thistle”).


gauch

Occitan: gaug


bueu

bueu m (oblique plural bueus, nominative singular bueus, nominative plural bueu)

bueus (oblique plural)
bueus (nominative singular)
bueu (nominative plural)


espaignol

→ Aragonese: espanyol

→ Asturian: español

Catalan: espanyol

→ Corsican: spagnolu

desctree

→ (probably) Italian: spagnolo, spagnuolo (dated or literary)
→ Romanian: spaniol (along with French espagnol)

→ Mirandese: spanhol

Occitan: espanhòl

→ Old French: espagneul, espaigneul

→ English: spaniel

Middle French: espaignol

French: espagnol
→ Romanian: spaniol (along with Italian spagnolo)

French: épagneul
→ Italian: épagneul

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: espanhol

Fala: español

Galician: español

Portuguese: espanhol

→ Sicilian: spagnolu

→ Old Spanish: espannol, espanyol
Ladino: espanyol
Spanish: español
→ Kari'na: sipanijoro
→ English: Hispaniola (from the feminine española)
→ Hawaiian: Paniolo
⇒ Hawaiian: paniolo
→ English: paniolo
→ Pemon: españoro, sipañoro
→ Ye'kwana: jañudu
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: espanhol

From a Vulgar Latin *Hispaniolus, from Latin Hispānus, from Hispania. Compare Catalan espanyol.

espainol (alternative)
espanol (alternative)


vencemen

early 13th century, William I of Baux, réponse au sirvente de Gui de Cavaillon
Ni vencutz ni desbaratatz. Ni fui al vencemen d'Usson


esmalt

head

esmalt m (oblique plural esmalts, nominative singular esmalts, nominative plural esmalt)

esmalts (oblique plural)
esmalts (nominative singular)
esmalt (nominative plural)
esmaut (alternative)
armaut (alternative)

Occitan: esmaut, esmalt, esmart

→ Italy:

desctree

Italian: smalto
→ Czech: smalt
→ English: smalto
→ Russian: сма́льта (smálʹta)
→ Sardinian: ismaltu (probably)

Sicilian: smartu

→ Iberia:

Old Galician-Portuguese: esmalte

Galician: esmalte

Portuguese: esmalte

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: esmalte

Old Spanish: esmalte

Spanish: esmalte

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin smaltum.


ramel

head

ramel m (oblique plural ramels, nominative singular ramels, nominative plural ramel)

ramels (oblique plural)
ramels (nominative singular)
ramel (nominative plural)

Occitan: ramèl

From Vulgar Latin *ramellus, from Latin rāmus.


estazó

estazó f (oblique plural estazós, nominative singular estazó, nominative plural estazós)

estazós (oblique plural)
estazó (nominative singular)
estazós (nominative plural)

From Latin statiōnem, accusative of statiō (“outpost”).


espital

espital m (oblique plural espitals, nominative singular espitals, nominative plural espital)

espitals (oblique plural)
espitals (nominative singular)
espital (nominative plural)


senh

Occitan: senh

From Late Latin signum (“bell, ringing of a bell”), from Latin signum (“sign”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”).


vestidura

head

vestidura f (oblique plural vestiduras, nominative singular vestidura, nominative plural vestiduras)

vestiduras (oblique plural)
vestidura (nominative singular)
vestiduras (nominative plural)

12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, A tantas bonas chansos

Que sos cors es bels e bos
E blancs sotz la vestidura

That her body is beautiful and good
And white under her clothing


vescomte

vescomte m (oblique plural vescomtes, nominative singular vescomtes, nominative plural vescomte)

vescomtes (oblique plural)
vescomtes (nominative singular)
vescomte (nominative plural)

Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French visconte. See also comte.


cobla

cobla f (oblique plural coblas, nominative singular cobla, nominative plural coblas)

coblas (oblique plural)
cobla (nominative singular)
coblas (nominative plural)


gleiza

gleiza f (oblique plural gleizas, nominative singular gleiza, nominative plural gleizas)

gleizas (oblique plural)
gleiza (nominative singular)
gleizas (nominative plural)

Occitan: glèisa

From Vulgar Latin *eclesia, from Latin ecclesia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía).


gleisa

gleisa f (oblique plural gleisas, nominative singular gleisa, nominative plural gleisas)

gleisas (oblique plural)
gleisa (nominative singular)
gleisas (nominative plural)


gabador

gabador m (oblique plural gabadors, nominative singular gabadors, nominative plural gabador)

gabadors (oblique plural)
gabadors (nominative singular)
gabador (nominative plural)


erguil

erguil m (oblique plural erguils, nominative singular erguils, nominative plural erguil)

erguils (oblique plural)
erguils (nominative singular)
erguil (nominative plural)
arguell (alternative)
ergul (alternative)
erguelh (alternative)
orgulh (alternative)

Gascon: orgulh (Aranais)

Languedocien: orguèlh, orgulh

Provençal: erguèlh, ergòlh

Vivaro-Alpin: orgulh

Borrowed from Frankish *urgōlī. For Romance cognates, see *orgollium.


semblansa

semblansa f (oblique plural semblansas, nominative singular semblansa, nominative plural semblansas)

semblansas (oblique plural)
semblansa (nominative singular)
semblansas (nominative plural)


camiza

camiza f (oblique plural camizas, nominative singular camiza, nominative plural camizas)

camizas (oblique plural)
camiza (nominative singular)
camizas (nominative plural)


esperansa

esperansa f (oblique plural esperansas, nominative singular esperansa, nominative plural esperansas)

esperansas (oblique plural)
esperansa (nominative singular)
esperansas (nominative plural)


escien

escien m (oblique plural esciens, nominative singular esciens, nominative plural escien)

esciens (oblique plural)
esciens (nominative singular)
escien (nominative plural)
escient (alternative)

Latin sciens. Compare Old French escient, esciant.


dousor

dousor f (oblique plural dousors, nominative singular dousor, nominative plural dousors)

dousors (oblique plural)
dousor (nominative singular)
dousors (nominative plural)
dolchor (alternative)
doussor (alternative)


ochaizo

ochaizo f (oblique plural ochaizons, nominative singular ochaizo, nominative plural ochaizons)

ochaizons (oblique plural)
ochaizo (nominative singular)
ochaizons (nominative plural)
ocaso (alternative)
ocaio (alternative)


plazer

plazer m (oblique plural plazers, nominative singular plazers, nominative plural plazer)

plazers (oblique plural)
plazers (nominative singular)
plazer (nominative plural)

Occitan: plaser, plàser, plaire

From Latin placēre. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French plaisir.


volontat

volontat f (oblique plural volontatz, nominative singular volontat, nominative plural volontatz)

volontatz (oblique plural)
volontat (nominative singular)
volontatz (nominative plural)


meravelha

meravelha f (oblique plural meravelhas, nominative singular meravelha, nominative plural meravelhas)

meravelhas (oblique plural)
meravelha (nominative singular)
meravelhas (nominative plural)

marvel (something astounding or amazing)


auranja

auranja f (oblique plural auranjas, nominative singular auranja, nominative plural auranjas)

auranjas (oblique plural)
auranja (nominative singular)
auranjas (nominative plural)
arange (alternative)

Occitan: irange

→ Old French: orenge (see there for further descendants)

The Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch traces auranja, ultimately back to Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj). See English orange.


lauzenger

lauzenger m (oblique plural lauzengers, nominative singular lauzengers, nominative plural lauzenger)

lauzengers (oblique plural)
lauzengers (nominative singular)
lauzenger (nominative plural)

→ Old Catalan: llausanger

Borrowed from Frankish *lausinga. Compare Old French losengier.


trichador

trichador m (oblique plural trichadors, nominative singular trichadors, nominative plural trichador)

trichadors (oblique plural)
trichadors (nominative singular)
trichador (nominative plural)


comandamen

comandamen m (oblique plural comandamens, nominative singular comandamens, nominative plural comandamen)

comandamens (oblique plural)
comandamens (nominative singular)
comandamen (nominative plural)


bratz

bratz m (oblique plural bratz, nominative singular bratz, nominative plural bratz)

bratz (oblique plural)
bratz (nominative singular)
bratz (nominative plural)

Occitan: braç


acordamen

acordamen m (oblique plural acordamens, nominative singular acordamens, nominative plural acordamen)

acordamens (oblique plural)
acordamens (nominative singular)
acordamen (nominative plural)


fachura

fachura f (oblique plural fachuras, nominative singular fachura, nominative plural fachuras)

fachuras (oblique plural)
fachura (nominative singular)
fachuras (nominative plural)

Occitan: fachura


folh

folh m (oblique plural folhs, nominative singular folhs, nominative plural folh)

folhs (oblique plural)
folhs (nominative singular)
folh (nominative plural)
fuelh (alternative)

Latin folium. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French foil.


cortezia

cortezia f (oblique plural cortezias, nominative singular cortezia, nominative plural cortezias)

cortezias (oblique plural)
cortezia (nominative singular)
cortezias (nominative plural)


conselh

conselh m (oblique plural conselhs, nominative singular conselhs, nominative plural conselh)

conselhs (oblique plural)
conselhs (nominative singular)
conselh (nominative plural)

Occitan: conselh

From Latin consilium. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French conseil.


mantelh

mantelh m (oblique plural mantelhs, nominative singular mantelhs, nominative plural mantelh)

mantelhs (oblique plural)
mantelhs (nominative singular)
mantelh (nominative plural)

Latin mantus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French mantel.


fornel

fornel m (oblique plural fornels, nominative singular fornels, nominative plural fornel)

fornels (oblique plural)
fornels (nominative singular)
fornel (nominative plural)

Occitan: fòrnel

Diminutive of Latin furnus, possibly a Vulgar Latin *furnellus. Cognate with Old French fornel (French fourneau).


mosenhor

mosenhor m (oblique plural mosenhors, nominative singular mosenhors, nominative plural mosenhor)

mosenhors (oblique plural)
mosenhors (nominative singular)
mosenhor (nominative plural)

mo(n) + senhor. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French monsegnuer.

sir; sire; title given to a nobleman. Compare English monsieur, a loan from French of the same origin


damnatge

damnatge m (oblique plural damnatges, nominative singular damnatges, nominative plural damnatge)

damnatges (oblique plural)
damnatges (nominative singular)
damnatge (nominative plural)

Occitan: damatge, damnatge

→ Italian: dannaggio (archaic)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *damnāticum, from Latin damnum.


dezonor

dezonor m (oblique plural dezonors, nominative singular dezonors, nominative plural dezonor)

dezonors (oblique plural)
dezonors (nominative singular)
dezonor (nominative plural)

dez- + onor. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French desonor.


chaitiu

chaitiu m (oblique plural chaitius, nominative singular chaitius, nominative plural chaitiu)

chaitius (oblique plural)
chaitius (nominative singular)
chaitiu (nominative plural)
caitiu (alternative)

From Latin captīvus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French caitif.


sauvamen

sauvamen m (oblique plural sauvamens, nominative singular sauvamens, nominative plural sauvamen)

sauvamens (oblique plural)
sauvamens (nominative singular)
sauvamen (nominative plural)

Ultimately from Latin salvō (“I save”). Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French salvament.


vezin

vezin m (oblique plural vezins, nominative singular vezins, nominative plural vezin)

vezins (oblique plural)
vezins (nominative singular)
vezin (nominative plural)

Latin vicinus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French voisin.


messatge

messatge m (oblique plural messatges, nominative singular messatges, nominative plural messatge)

messatges (oblique plural)
messatges (nominative singular)
messatge (nominative plural)

Occitan: messatge

→ Spanish: mensaje

→ Catalan: missatge

From Late Latin missaticum, from Latin missus, from mittō (“send”). Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French message.


arquier

arquier m (oblique plural arquiers, nominative singular arquiers, nominative plural arquier)

arquiers (oblique plural)
arquiers (nominative singular)
arquier (nominative plural)
archer (alternative)
archier (alternative)
arquer (alternative)

Occitan: arquièr

arc + -ier, or possibly from Late Latin arcārius, alteration of arcuārius, from Latin arcus (“bow”). Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French archier.

archer (one who fires arrows from a bow)


sagramen

sagramen m (oblique plural sagramens, nominative singular sagramens, nominative plural sagramen)

sagramens (oblique plural)
sagramens (nominative singular)
sagramen (nominative plural)
sacramen (alternative)
sagrament (alternative)

Latin sacrāmentum. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French sacrement.


confrairia

confrairia f (oblique plural confrairias, nominative singular confrairia, nominative plural confrairias)

confrairias (oblique plural)
confrairia (nominative singular)
confrairias (nominative plural)

Medieval Latin confratria. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French confrairie.

brotherhood (association of male members)


vassalatge

vassalatge m (oblique plural vassalatges, nominative singular vassalatges, nominative plural vassalatge)

vassalatges (oblique plural)
vassalatges (nominative singular)
vassalatge (nominative plural)

From Early Medieval Latin vassallāticum. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French vasselage.

vassalage; vassaldom (state of being a vassal)


senhoratge

senhoratge m (oblique plural senhoratges, nominative singular senhoratges, nominative plural senhoratge)

senhoratges (oblique plural)
senhoratges (nominative singular)
senhoratge (nominative plural)

senhor + -atge. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French signorage.


clardat

clardat f (oblique plural clardats, nominative singular clardat, nominative plural clardats)

clardats (oblique plural)
clardat (nominative singular)
clardats (nominative plural)

Latin clārītās. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French clarté.


comensamen

comensamen m (oblique plural comensamens, nominative singular comensamens, nominative plural comensamen)

comensamens (oblique plural)
comensamens (nominative singular)
comensamen (nominative plural)


rossinholet

rossinholet m (oblique plural rossinholets, nominative singular rossinholets, nominative plural rossinholet)

rossinholets (oblique plural)
rossinholets (nominative singular)
rossinholet (nominative plural)


pretz

pretz m (oblique plural pretz, nominative singular pretz, nominative plural pretz)

pretz (oblique plural)
pretz (nominative singular)
pretz (nominative plural)

Occitan: prètz

→ Spanish: prez

From Latin pretium. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old Catalan preu, Old French pris.


alegransa

alegransa f (oblique plural alegransas, nominative singular alegransa, nominative plural alegransas)

alegransas (oblique plural)
alegransa (nominative singular)
alegransas (nominative plural)


doptansa

doptansa f (oblique plural doptansas, nominative singular doptansa, nominative plural doptansas)

doptansas (oblique plural)
doptansa (nominative singular)
doptansas (nominative plural)

Latin dubitō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French dotance.


membransa

membransa f (oblique plural membransas, nominative singular membransa, nominative plural membransas)

membransas (oblique plural)
membransa (nominative singular)
membransas (nominative plural)

Ultimately from Latin memorō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French membrance.


fiansa

fiansa f (oblique plural fiansas, nominative singular fiansa, nominative plural fiansas)

fiansas (oblique plural)
fiansa (nominative singular)
fiansas (nominative plural)

Latin fidentia. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French fiance.


estoria

estoria f (oblique plural estorias, nominative singular estoria, nominative plural estorias)

estorias (oblique plural)
estoria (nominative singular)
estorias (nominative plural)

Latin historia. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French estoire.

si cum l'estoria dit

1208-19, Guillaume de Tudèle (second author anonymous), La cansó de la crozada ("The Song of the Crusade"), page 1 of this 1875 facsimile, line 4:

history (that which has already happened)


escudier

escudier m (oblique plural escudiers, nominative singular escudiers, nominative plural escudier)

escudiers (oblique plural)
escudiers (nominative singular)
escudier (nominative plural)
escudeir (alternative)
escuder (alternative)

Occitan: escudièr

→ Italian: scudiere

→? Ido: skudiero

→? Romanian: scutier m

→? Sicilian: scuteri

Etymology tree
Late Latin scūtārius
Old Occitan escudier Inherited from Late Latin scūtārius m, from Latin scūtum n. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French escuier m.


gauta

head

gauta f (oblique plural gautas, nominative singular gauta, nominative plural gautas)

gautas (oblique plural)
gauta (nominative singular)
gautas (nominative plural)
*jauta (alternative)

Occitan: gauta, jauta


aigron

aigron m (oblique plural aigrons, nominative singular aigrons, nominative plural aigron)

aigrons (oblique plural)
aigrons (nominative singular)
aigron (nominative plural)
haigron (alternative)

Occitan:

Auvergnat: eigron (Forez, Gannatois), jiralégre (Limagne), jirai, jiriau (Limagne, Northern), igroû

Gascon: girou

Old Languedocien:

Cévenol: dgiraï pestsaï-re

Languedocien: guiraud

Rouergat: hiroun

Limousin: eïron

Provençal: huroun

⇒ Old Occitan: aigreta

→ Old French: egret, egrette, aigrette

Angevin: guerte

Middle French: aigret, aygret, egret

desctree

French: aigrette
→ English: aigrette, aigret

→ Middle English: egret

English: egret

From Medieval Latin hairō, *haigrō, from Frankish *hraigrō, from Proto-Germanic *hraigrô (“heron”). Compare Catalan agró.


camarlenc

head

camarlenc m (oblique plural camarlencs, nominative singular camarlencs, nominative plural camarlenc)

camarlencs (oblique plural)
camarlencs (nominative singular)
camarlenc (nominative plural)

→? Old Catalan: camarleng

Catalan: camarlenc

→ Spanish: camarlengo

Occitan: camarlenc

From Medieval Latin camerlingus, from Frankish *kamarling (“chamberlain”).

chamberlain (officer in charge of managing a household)


enap

enap m (oblique plural enaps, nominative singular enaps, nominative plural enap)

enaps (oblique plural)
enaps (nominative singular)
enap (nominative plural)
anap (alternative)
ianap (alternative)
yanap (alternative)

Occitan:

Languedocien: anap

From Medieval Latin hanappus (“cup, goblet”), from Frankish *hnapp (“cup, bowl”).


aize

aize m (oblique plural aizes, nominative singular aizes, nominative plural aize)

aizes (oblique plural)
aizes (nominative singular)
aize (nominative plural)

→ Galician: azo

→ Italian: agio

→ Portuguese: azo

From Vulgar Latin *adjace(m), from Latin adjacēns, present participle of adjaceō (compare Medieval Latin in aiace). Cognate with Old French aise, eise.


laüt

laüt m (oblique plural laüts, nominative singular laüts, nominative plural laüt)

laüts (oblique plural)
laüts (nominative singular)
laüt (nominative plural)

Occitan: laüt


trachor

trachor m (oblique plural trachors, nominative singular trachors, nominative plural trachor)

trachors (oblique plural)
trachors (nominative singular)
trachor (nominative plural)


beltat

beltat f (oblique plural beltats, nominative singular beltat, nominative plural beltats)

beltats (oblique plural)
beltat (nominative singular)
beltats (nominative plural)
beutat (alternative)

Occitan: beutat

→ Italian: beltà

→ Old Spanish: beltat

From Vulgar Latin *bellitātem, based on Latin bellus (“beautiful”).

Qe·l vezers de sa beltat loia ¶ los pros a sos ops, cui que doia.

1180s, Bertran de Born, Rassa, tant creis e mont'e poia, collected in The Poems of the Troubadour Bertran de Born, published 1986, page 97, lines 5–6:


pastenaga

desctree

→ Middle French: pastenaille, pastenade, pastenaie
French: pastenade, patenais
→ German: Pastiney, Pastinei
→ Ottoman Turkish: پاستنای (pastinay)


ospitals

inflection of ospital:
nominative singular


espaza

head

espaza f (oblique plural espazas, nominative singular espaza, nominative plural espazas)

espazas (oblique plural)
espaza (nominative singular)
espazas (nominative plural)
espada (alternative)

Occitan: espasa

From earlier espada, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “any broad blade, of wood or metal”).


maial

head

maial m (oblique plural maials, nominative singular maials, nominative plural maial)

maials (oblique plural)
maials (nominative singular)
maial (nominative plural)

Occitan: maial


calendier

calendier m (oblique plural calendiers, nominative singular calendiers, nominative plural calendier)

calendiers (oblique plural)
calendiers (nominative singular)
calendier (nominative plural)

Occitan: calendier, calendièr

From Late Latin calendārium, from Latin calendae.


eissalot

eissalot m (oblique plural eissalots, nominative singular eissalots, nominative plural eissalot)

eissalots (oblique plural)
eissalots (nominative singular)
eissalot (nominative plural)
exalot (alternative)
issalot (alternative)
eissiroc (alternative)
eyssiroc (alternative)
siroc (alternative)
eissaloc(h) (alternative)
exaloc(h) (alternative)

→ Catalan: xaloc

desctree

→ Italian: scirocco
→ Arabic: شَلُوق (šalūq), شَلُوك (šalūk)
Maltese: xlokk
>? Maltese: xellug
→ Dutch: sirocco
→ English: sirocco, sciroc, siroc, scirocco
→ French: sirocco, siroc (archaic)
→ Greek: σιρόκος (sirókos)

Likely from Massalian Ancient Greek *ἐξαλώτης (*exalṓtēs), from ἔξαλος (éxalos, “out of the sea”). Alternatively, and less likely, from Arabic شَرْق (šarq, “east”). The form eissalot is one of the oldest recorded (1291) and corresponds closely to the Greek word. Subsequently there developed variants showing the suffix -oc.


mesclanha

head

mesclanha f (oblique plural mesclanhas, nominative singular mesclanha, nominative plural mesclanhas)

mesclanhas (oblique plural)
mesclanha (nominative singular)
mesclanhas (nominative plural)
mesclaigna (alternative)

Occitan: mesclanha

Likely from Late Latin miscellānea, noun use of the feminine form of Classical Latin mīscellāneus (“mixed, assorted”).

Que ja mais no seretz honrat ¶ si non etz en la mesclanha

12ᵗʰ c., Bertran de Born, Ieu chan, que·l reys m'en a preguat

For you will never be honoured if you don't take part in the fray


mesclaigna

mesclaigna f (oblique plural mesclaignas, nominative singular mesclaigna, nominative plural mesclaignas)

mesclaignas (oblique plural)
mesclaigna (nominative singular)
mesclaignas (nominative plural)

Entre dos reis vei mogut et enpres ¶ un novel plait c’adutz guerr’e mesclaigna

13ᵗʰ c., Aycart del Fossat, Entre dos reis vei mogut et enpres

Between two kings I see stirred up and started a new fight, which causes war and conflict


lenguatge

lenguatge m (oblique plural lenguatges, nominative singular lenguatges, nominative plural lenguatge)

lenguatges (oblique plural)
lenguatges (nominative singular)
lenguatge (nominative plural)
lengatge (alternative)
lengatge (alternative)
lengaje (alternative)

Occitan: lengatge

→ Aragonese: luengache

→ Asturian: llinguaxe

→ Italian: linguaggio (adapted to lingua)

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: lenguage, lenguagen
Galician: linguaxe
Portuguese: linguagem

→ Old Spanish: lenguage
Spanish: lenguaje

From Vulgar Latin *linguāticum, derived from Classical Latin lingua.


gingibre

head

gingibre m (oblique plural gingibres, nominative singular gingibres, nominative plural gingibre)

gingibres (oblique plural)
gingibres (nominative singular)
gingibre (nominative plural)
gingebre (alternative)
gengibre (alternative)
gigibre (alternative)
ginzebre (alternative)

desctree

→ Old Spanish: gengibre, gengivre
Spanish: jengibre
→ Basque: jengibre
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gengibre, gengivre, gingivre, gingibre (15th c.)
Galician: xenxibre, xenxebre, sinxebra, gengibre (reintegrationist)
Portuguese: gengibre
→ Old Leonese: [Term?]
Asturian: xenxibre

Inherited from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberī.


nuchola

head

nuchola f (oblique plural nucholas, nominative singular nuchola, nominative plural nucholas)

nucholas (oblique plural)
nuchola (nominative singular)
nucholas (nominative plural)

Occitan: nichola, nechola, nuechora

Inherited from Late Latin noctula. Attested from the fourteenth century.


tabalh

tabalh m (oblique plural tabalhs, nominative singular tabalhs, nominative plural tabalh)

tabalhs (oblique plural)
tabalhs (nominative singular)
tabalh (nominative plural)


tabart

tabart m (oblique plural tabarts, nominative singular tabarts, nominative plural tabart)

tabarts (oblique plural)
tabarts (nominative singular)
tabart (nominative plural)


tabardet

tabardet m (oblique plural tabardets, nominative singular tabardets, nominative plural tabardet)

tabardets (oblique plural)
tabardets (nominative singular)
tabardet (nominative plural)


domnhon

domnhon m (oblique plural domnhons, nominative singular domnhons, nominative plural domnhon)

domnhons (oblique plural)
domnhons (nominative singular)
domnhon (nominative plural)
domnon (alternative)
domejon (alternative)
dromnhom (alternative)
dromon (alternative)
donjon (alternative)

Occitan: donjon, jonjon

→ Medieval Latin: dominiōnus

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *dominiōnem. Compare Old French donjon.


pabil

pabil m (oblique plural pabils, nominative singular pabils, nominative plural pabil)

pabils (oblique plural)
pabils (nominative singular)
pabil (nominative plural)
pabel (alternative)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *papīlum, from Latin papȳrus.


pabel

pabel m (oblique plural pabels, nominative singular pabels, nominative plural pabel)

pabels (oblique plural)
pabels (nominative singular)
pabel (nominative plural)

alternative form of pabil (“candle-wick”)


pauretá

alternative form of paubretat (“poverty”)


somjon

somjon m (oblique plural somjons, nominative singular somjons, nominative plural somjon)

somjons (oblique plural)
somjons (nominative singular)
somjon (nominative plural)


Proensa

A Dieu coman Proensa e Gapenses,

12th century, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, D'amor no.m lau, qu'anc non pogey tan aut:


basclon

From bascle + -on, or from Latin Vascones. See French basque for more. 12th-13th centuries Latin forms appear with and without the n, e.g. Medieval Latin basculi m pl.

bascle (alternative)
baskele (alternative)
baskle (alternative)

(historical) Basque (person), someone from Basclonia or Terra Basclorum (Vasconia)

(historical) routier, brigand, bandit, highwayman