lanquan

The second element corresponds to Latin quando (“when”).

12th century, Jaufré Rudel⁽ᵂⁱᵏⁱˢᵒᵘʳᶜᵉ⁾
Lanquan li jorn son lonc, en may.


orgoillos

orgoil + -os. Compare Old French orgoillus.


verayamen

veraya + -men. Gallo-Romance cognate with veraiement.


cazer

From Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre.


cortezia

head

cortezia f (oblique plural cortezias, nominative singular cortezia, nominative plural cortezias)

cortezias (oblique plural)
cortezia (nominative singular)
cortezias (nominative plural)


umiliar

Ultimately from Latin humilis (“humble”).

(reflexive, s'umiliar) to humble oneself (to act humbly)


folh

folh m (oblique plural folhs, nominative singular folhs, nominative plural folh)

folhs (oblique plural)
folhs (nominative singular)
folh (nominative plural)

Latin folium. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French foil.


fachura

fachura f (oblique plural fachuras, nominative singular fachura, nominative plural fachuras)

fachuras (oblique plural)
fachura (nominative singular)
fachuras (nominative plural)

Occitan: fachura


endurar

Occitan: endurar

From Latin indūrāre, present active infinitive of indūrō.


mantelh

mantelh m (oblique plural mantelhs, nominative singular mantelhs, nominative plural mantelh)

mantelhs (oblique plural)
mantelhs (nominative singular)
mantelh (nominative plural)

Latin mantus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French mantel.


dezonor

dezonor m (oblique plural dezonors, nominative singular dezonors, nominative plural dezonor)

dezonors (oblique plural)
dezonors (nominative singular)
dezonor (nominative plural)

dez- + onor. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French desonor.


mosenhor

mosenhor m (oblique plural mosenhors, nominative singular mosenhors, nominative plural mosenhor)

mosenhors (oblique plural)
mosenhors (nominative singular)
mosenhor (nominative plural)

mo(n) + senhor. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French monsegnuer.

sir; sire; title given to a nobleman. Compare English monsieur, a loan from French of the same origin


fornel

fornel m (oblique plural fornels, nominative singular fornels, nominative plural fornel)

fornels (oblique plural)
fornels (nominative singular)
fornel (nominative plural)

Occitan: fòrnel

Diminutive of Latin furnus, possibly a Vulgar Latin *furnellus. Cognate with Old French fornel (French fourneau).


membrar

From Latin memorare, present active infinitive of memoro. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French membrer.

(reflexive, se membrar) to recall; to remember


conselh

conselh m (oblique plural conselhs, nominative singular conselhs, nominative plural conselh)

conselhs (oblique plural)
conselhs (nominative singular)
conselh (nominative plural)

Occitan: conselh

From Latin consilium. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French conseil.


sauvamen

sauvamen m (oblique plural sauvamens, nominative singular sauvamens, nominative plural sauvamen)

sauvamens (oblique plural)
sauvamens (nominative singular)
sauvamen (nominative plural)

Ultimately from Latin salvō (“I save”). Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French salvament.


vezin

vezin m (oblique plural vezins, nominative singular vezins, nominative plural vezin)

vezins (oblique plural)
vezins (nominative singular)
vezin (nominative plural)

Latin vicinus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French voisin.


damnatge

damnatge m (oblique plural damnatges, nominative singular damnatges, nominative plural damnatge)

damnatges (oblique plural)
damnatges (nominative singular)
damnatge (nominative plural)

Occitan: damatge, damnatge

→ Italian: dannaggio (archaic)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *damnāticum, from Latin damnum.


chaitiu

chaitiu m (oblique plural chaitius, nominative singular chaitius, nominative plural chaitiu)

chaitius (oblique plural)
chaitius (nominative singular)
chaitiu (nominative plural)

From Latin captīvus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French caitif.


messatge

messatge m (oblique plural messatges, nominative singular messatges, nominative plural messatge)

messatges (oblique plural)
messatges (nominative singular)
messatge (nominative plural)

Occitan: messatge

→ Spanish: mensaje

→ Catalan: missatge

From Late Latin missaticum, from Latin missus, from mittō (“send”). Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French message.


mant

Proto-Germanic *managiþō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French maint.


tremblar

From Late Latin tremulāre, a verb based on Latin tremulus (“shaking, quivering”), itself an adjective based on tremere (“shudder”).


Garin

a male given name, equivalent to English Warren?


arquier

arquier m (oblique plural arquiers, nominative singular arquiers, nominative plural arquier)

arquiers (oblique plural)
arquiers (nominative singular)
arquier (nominative plural)

Occitan: arquièr

arc + -ier, or possibly from Late Latin arcārius, alteration of arcuārius, from Latin arcus (“bow”). Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French archier.

archer (one who fires arrows from a bow)


confrairia

confrairia f (oblique plural confrairias, nominative singular confrairia, nominative plural confrairias)

confrairias (oblique plural)
confrairia (nominative singular)
confrairias (nominative plural)

Medieval Latin confratria. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French confrairie.

brotherhood (association of male members)


sagramen

sagramen m (oblique plural sagramens, nominative singular sagramens, nominative plural sagramen)

sagramens (oblique plural)
sagramens (nominative singular)
sagramen (nominative plural)

Latin sacrāmentum. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French sacrement.


assatz

→ Old Catalan: assats

→ Portuguese: assaz

→ Spanish: asaz

From Late Latin ad satis, from Latin ad + satis. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French asez.


vilanamen

vilana + -men. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French vilainement.


dezesperar

(reflexive, se dezesperar) to lose hope; to feel hopeless


senhoratge

senhoratge m (oblique plural senhoratges, nominative singular senhoratges, nominative plural senhoratge)

senhoratges (oblique plural)
senhoratges (nominative singular)
senhoratge (nominative plural)

senhor + -atge. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French signorage.


ailas

The element las is from Latin lassus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French a las.


sauvatge

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: salvage

→ Sicilian: sarbaggiu

From Vulgar Latin salvāticus, from Latin silvāticus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French salvage, sauvage. Compare Catalan salvatge.

12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Can vei la flor, l’erba vert e la folha
Ja no m’aya cor felo ni sauvatge,

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


vassalatge

vassalatge m (oblique plural vassalatges, nominative singular vassalatges, nominative plural vassalatge)

vassalatges (oblique plural)
vassalatges (nominative singular)
vassalatge (nominative plural)

From Early Medieval Latin vassallāticum. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French vasselage.

vassalage; vassaldom (state of being a vassal)


eschazer

From Vulgar Latin *excadēre (“fall out”), from Latin ex- + cadere. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French escheoir.


solelhar

solelh + -ar. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French soleiller.


clardat

clardat f (oblique plural clardats, nominative singular clardat, nominative plural clardats)

clardats (oblique plural)
clardat (nominative singular)
clardats (nominative plural)

Latin clārītās. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French clarté.


vermelh

Occitan: vermelh

From Vulgar Latin *vermiclus, from Latin vermiculus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French vermeil.


comensamen

comensamen m (oblique plural comensamens, nominative singular comensamens, nominative plural comensamen)

comensamens (oblique plural)
comensamens (nominative singular)
comensamen (nominative plural)


rossinholet

rossinholet m (oblique plural rossinholets, nominative singular rossinholets, nominative plural rossinholet)

rossinholets (oblique plural)
rossinholets (nominative singular)
rossinholet (nominative plural)


angoissos

Latin angustiōsus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French angoissus.


alegransa

alegransa f (oblique plural alegransas, nominative singular alegransa, nominative plural alegransas)

alegransas (oblique plural)
alegransa (nominative singular)
alegransas (nominative plural)


baizar

Latin bāsiō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French baisier.


membransa

membransa f (oblique plural membransas, nominative singular membransa, nominative plural membransas)

membransas (oblique plural)
membransa (nominative singular)
membransas (nominative plural)

Ultimately from Latin memorō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French membrance.


fiansa

fiansa f (oblique plural fiansas, nominative singular fiansa, nominative plural fiansas)

fiansas (oblique plural)
fiansa (nominative singular)
fiansas (nominative plural)

Latin fidentia. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French fiance.


doptansa

doptansa f (oblique plural doptansas, nominative singular doptansa, nominative plural doptansas)

doptansas (oblique plural)
doptansa (nominative singular)
doptansas (nominative plural)

Latin dubitō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French dotance.


estoria

estoria f (oblique plural estorias, nominative singular estoria, nominative plural estorias)

estorias (oblique plural)
estoria (nominative singular)
estorias (nominative plural)

Latin historia. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French estoire.

si cum l'estoria dit

1208-19, Guillaume de Tudèle (second author anonymous), La cansó de la crozada ("The Song of the Crusade"), page 1 of this 1875 facsimile, line 4:

history (that which has already happened)


pretz

pretz m (oblique plural pretz, nominative singular pretz, nominative plural pretz)

pretz (oblique plural)
pretz (nominative singular)
pretz (nominative plural)

Occitan: prètz

→ Spanish: prez

From Latin pretium. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French pris.


santime

Latin sanctissimus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French saintisme.

Aicest santimes hom

1208-19, Guillaume de Tudèle (second author anonymous), La cansó de la crozada ("The Song of the Crusade"), page 4 of Paul Meyer's 1875 facsimile, line 66:


escumengar

Latin excommunicō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French escumengier.


omnipotant

Learned borrowing from Latin omnipotēns. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French omnipotent.


escudier

escudier m (oblique plural escudiers, nominative singular escudiers, nominative plural escudier)

escudiers (oblique plural)
escudiers (nominative singular)
escudier (nominative plural)

Occitan: escudièr

→ Italian: scudiere

→? Ido: skudiero

→ Romanian: scutier

From Late Latin scūtārius, from Latin scūtum. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French escuier.


ogan

Auvergnat: ijan

Gascon: ongan, ogan, augan, auban

Languedocien: ongan, oan, augan

Limousin: ujan

Provençal: auan


malvatz

→ Catalan: malvat

→ Italian: malvagio

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malvaz

→ Old Spanish: malvazo, malvado

Spanish: malvado

→ Portuguese: malvado

→ Piedmontese: malvas (medieval)

From Late Latin malifātius (“unfortunate”). Compare Old French malvais.

malvat

analogical oblique, with subtraction of /s/


aigron

aigron m (oblique plural aigrons, nominative singular aigrons, nominative plural aigron)

aigrons (oblique plural)
aigrons (nominative singular)
aigron (nominative plural)

Occitan:

Auvergnat: eigron (Forez, Gannatois), jiralégre (Limagne), jirai, jiriau (Limagne, Northern), igroû

Gascon: girou

Old Languedocien:

Cévenol: dgiraï pestsaï-re

Languedocien: guiraud

Rouergat: hiroun

Limousin: eïron

Provençal: huroun

⇒ Old Occitan: aigreta

→ Old French: egret, egrette, aigrette

Angevin: guerte

Middle French: aigret, aygret, egret

desctree

French: aigrette
→ English: aigrette, aigret

→ Middle English: egret

English: egret

From Medieval Latin hairō, *haigrō, from Frankish *hraigrō, from Proto-Germanic *hraigrô (“heron”). Compare Catalan agró.


espingar

Occitan:

Auvergnat: eipïjâ, espïjâ (South), eipijâ, espijâ (Yssingelais), eipïnchâ, espïnchâ (Velay), eipichâ (Gannatois), eipïtâ (Bourbonnaise, Gannatois, West Uplands), ipayà

Gascon: aspiar

Languedocien: espiar

Provençal: espiar (Niçois), espigar

From Vulgar Latin *spincō, *spiō (“to spy, espy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy, watch”).


enap

head

enap m (oblique plural enaps, nominative singular enaps, nominative plural enap)

enaps (oblique plural)
enaps (nominative singular)
enap (nominative plural)

Occitan:

Languedocien: anap

From Medieval Latin hanappus (“cup, goblet”), from Frankish *hnapp (“cup, bowl”).


camarlenc

camarlenc m (oblique plural camarlencs, nominative singular camarlencs, nominative plural camarlenc)

camarlencs (oblique plural)
camarlencs (nominative singular)
camarlenc (nominative plural)

→? Old Catalan: camarleng

Catalan: camarlenc

→ Spanish: camarlengo

Occitan: camarlenc

From Medieval Latin camerlingus, from Frankish *kamarling (“chamberlain”).

chamberlain (officer in charge of managing a household)


aize

aize m (oblique plural aizes, nominative singular aizes, nominative plural aize)

aizes (oblique plural)
aizes (nominative singular)
aize (nominative plural)

→ Galician: azo

→ Italian: agio

→ Portuguese: azo

From Vulgar Latin *adjace(m), from Latin adjacēns, present participle of adjaceō (compare Medieval Latin in aiace). Cognate with Old French aise, eise.


laüt

laüt m (oblique plural laüts, nominative singular laüts, nominative plural laüt)

laüts (oblique plural)
laüts (nominative singular)
laüt (nominative plural)

Occitan: laüt


trachor

trachor m (oblique plural trachors, nominative singular trachors, nominative plural trachor)

trachors (oblique plural)
trachors (nominative singular)
trachor (nominative plural)


beltat

beltat f (oblique plural beltats, nominative singular beltat, nominative plural beltats)

beltats (oblique plural)
beltat (nominative singular)
beltats (nominative plural)

Occitan: beutat

→ Italian: beltà

→ Old Spanish: beltat

From Vulgar Latin *bellitātem, based on Latin bellus (“beautiful”).

Qe·l vezers de sa beltat loia ¶ los pros a sos ops, cui que doia.

1180s, Bertran de Born, Rassa, tant creis e mont'e poia, collected in The Poems of the Troubadour Bertran de Born, published 1986, page 97, lines 5–6:


pastenaga

desctree

→ Middle French: pastenaille, pastenade, pastenaie
French: pastenade, patenais
→ German: Pastiney, Pastinei
→ Ottoman Turkish: پاستنای (pastinay)


ospitals

inflection of ospital:
nominative singular


espaza

head

espaza f (oblique plural espazas, nominative singular espaza, nominative plural espazas)

espazas (oblique plural)
espaza (nominative singular)
espazas (nominative plural)

Occitan: espasa

From earlier espada, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “any broad blade, of wood or metal”).


maial

head

maial m (oblique plural maials, nominative singular maials, nominative plural maial)

maials (oblique plural)
maials (nominative singular)
maial (nominative plural)

Occitan: maial


Anfos

a male given name, equivalent to English Alphonse


calendier

calendier m (oblique plural calendiers, nominative singular calendiers, nominative plural calendier)

calendiers (oblique plural)
calendiers (nominative singular)
calendier (nominative plural)

Occitan: calendier, calendièr

From Late Latin calendārium, from Latin calendae.


-tre

Possibly inherited from the Latin equivalent -iter. Found in such words as seguentre, auzentre, and vezentre.


Arpaon

Occitan: Arpavon

Arpavon (a village in the Drôme department, France)


eissalot

eissalot m (oblique plural eissalots, nominative singular eissalots, nominative plural eissalot)

eissalots (oblique plural)
eissalots (nominative singular)
eissalot (nominative plural)

→ Catalan: xaloc

desctree

→ Italian: scirocco
→ Arabic: شَلُوق (šalūq), شَلُوك (šalūk)
Maltese: xlokk
>? Maltese: xellug
→ Dutch: sirocco
→ English: sirocco, sciroc, siroc, scirocco
→ French: sirocco
→ Greek: σιρόκος (sirókos)

Likely from Massalian Ancient Greek *ἐξαλώτης (*exalṓtēs), from ἔξαλος (éxalos, “out of the sea”). Alternatively, and less likely, from Arabic شَرْق (šarq, “east”). The form eissalot is one of the oldest recorded (1291) and corresponds closely to the Greek word. Subsequently there developed variants showing the suffix -oc.


mesclanha

head

mesclanha f (oblique plural mesclanhas, nominative singular mesclanha, nominative plural mesclanhas)

mesclanhas (oblique plural)
mesclanha (nominative singular)
mesclanhas (nominative plural)

Occitan: mesclanha

Likely from Late Latin miscellānea, noun use of the feminine form of Classical Latin mīscellāneus (“mixed, assorted”).

Que ja mais no seretz honrat ¶ si non etz en la mesclanha

12ᵗʰ c., Bertran de Born, Ieu chan, que·l reys m'en a preguat

For you will never be honoured if you don't take part in the fray


mesclaigna

mesclaigna f (oblique plural mesclaignas, nominative singular mesclaigna, nominative plural mesclaignas)

mesclaignas (oblique plural)
mesclaigna (nominative singular)
mesclaignas (nominative plural)

Entre dos reis vei mogut et enpres ¶ un novel plait c’adutz guerr’e mesclaigna

13ᵗʰ c., Aycart del Fossat, Entre dos reis vei mogut et enpres

Between two kings I see stirred up and started a new fight, which causes war and conflict


avol

avol m (feminine singular avola, masculine plural avols, feminine plural avolas)

avola (feminine singular)
avols (masculine plural)
avolas (feminine plural)

→ Basque: ahul (“weak”)

Occitan: àvol

From Ancient Greek ἄβουλος (áboulos, “ill-advised”), derived from βουλή (boulḗ, “will; intention; advice”).

bor

Per las autras e per la pro comtessa ¶ de·l Carret, vuelh que sia senhoressa ¶ de N'Albertet una velha sotzmessa ¶ d’avol home

13ᵗʰ c., Aimeric de Belenoi, Tant es d'Amor honratz sos senhoratges,

For others, and for the proud Countess of Carret, I wish the mistress of Albertet be an old lady, servant of a bad man


lenguatge

head

lenguatge m (oblique plural lenguatges, nominative singular lenguatges, nominative plural lenguatge)

lenguatges (oblique plural)
lenguatges (nominative singular)
lenguatge (nominative plural)

Occitan: lengatge

→ Aragonese: luengache

→ Asturian: llinguaxe

→ Italian: linguaggio (adapted to lingua)

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: lenguage
Galician: linguaxe
Portuguese: linguagem

→ Old Spanish: lenguage
Spanish: lenguaje

From Vulgar Latin *linguāticum, derived from Classical Latin lingua.


ademprar

Occitan: asemprar


gingibre

head

gingibre m (oblique plural gingibres, nominative singular gingibres, nominative plural gingibre)

gingibres (oblique plural)
gingibres (nominative singular)
gingibre (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Old Spanish: gengibre
Spanish: jengibre
→ Basque: jengibre
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gengibre
Galician: xenxibre
Portuguese: gengibre
→ Old Leonese: [Term?]
Asturian: xenxibre

Inherited from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberī.


nuchola

head

nuchola f (oblique plural nucholas, nominative singular nuchola, nominative plural nucholas)

nucholas (oblique plural)
nuchola (nominative singular)
nucholas (nominative plural)

Occitan: nichola

Inherited from Late Latin noctula. Attested from the fourteenth century.


esfredar

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre. Attested in Borneil.


tabardet

tabardet m (oblique plural tabardets, nominative singular tabardets, nominative plural tabardet)

tabardets (oblique plural)
tabardets (nominative singular)
tabardet (nominative plural)


tabart

tabart m (oblique plural tabarts, nominative singular tabarts, nominative plural tabart)

tabarts (oblique plural)
tabarts (nominative singular)
tabart (nominative plural)


tabalh

tabalh m (oblique plural tabalhs, nominative singular tabalhs, nominative plural tabalh)

tabalhs (oblique plural)
tabalhs (nominative singular)
tabalh (nominative plural)


domnhon

domnhon m (oblique plural domnhons, nominative singular domnhons, nominative plural domnhon)

domnhons (oblique plural)
domnhons (nominative singular)
domnhon (nominative plural)

Occitan: donjon, jonjon

→ Medieval Latin: dominiōnus

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *dominiōnem. Compare Old French donjon.


juzan

Inherited from Late Latin iūsānus. Synchronically jus (“down”) + -an (adjective-forming suffix).


estrang

Alternative form of estranh (“strange, unfamiliar”)


pabel

head

pabel m (oblique plural pabels, nominative singular pabels, nominative plural pabel)

pabels (oblique plural)
pabels (nominative singular)
pabel (nominative plural)

Alternative form of pabil (“candle-wick”)


pabil

pabil m (oblique plural pabils, nominative singular pabils, nominative plural pabil)

pabils (oblique plural)
pabils (nominative singular)
pabil (nominative plural)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *papīlum, from Latin papȳrus.


pauretá

Alternative form of paubretat (“poverty”)


somjon

somjon m (oblique plural somjons, nominative singular somjons, nominative plural somjon)

somjons (oblique plural)
somjons (nominative singular)
somjon (nominative plural)