giptu

accusative/dative/genitive singular of gipta


Sváfaland

Icelandic: Sváfaland

*sváfar (“Swabians, Suebi”) + land (“land”). Cognate with German Schwabenland.

compound

Swabia (a historic region of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, Germany)


sækonungr

non-noun

sækonungr m (genitive sækonungs, plural sækonungar)

sækonungs (genitive)
sækonungar (plural)
sækonungr (indefinite nominative singular)
sækonungrinn (definite nominative singular)
sækonungar (indefinite nominative plural)
sækonungarnir (definite nominative plural)
sækonung (accusative indefinite singular)
sækonunginn (accusative definite singular)
sækonunga (accusative indefinite plural)
sækonungana (accusative definite plural)
sækonungi (dative indefinite singular)
sækonunginum (dative definite singular)
sækonungum (dative indefinite plural)
sækonungunum (dative definite plural)
sækonungs (genitive indefinite singular)
sækonungsins (definite genitive singular)
sækonunga (genitive indefinite plural)
sækonunganna (definite genitive plural)
sjákonungr (alternative)
sækongr (alternative)
sjókongr (alternative)

non-decl-blank-full

sækonungr

Faroese: sjókongur

Icelandic: sækonungur, sjókonungur

Compound of sær (“sea”) + konungr (“king”).

compound+

Ynglinga saga
Vóru margir sækonungar þeir er réðu liði miklu ok áttu engi lǫnd, þótti sá einn með fullu heita mega sækonungr, er hann svaf aldri undir sótkum rapti ok drakk aldri at arinshorni.

There were many sea kings who ruled over great hosts and owned no lands; he alone was thought worthy to be fully called a sea king, who never slept beneath a sooty rafter and never drank a horn by the hearth.


skarfr

non-noun

skarfr m (genitive skarfs, plural skarfar)

skarfs (genitive)
skarfar (plural)
skarfr (indefinite nominative singular)
skarfrinn (definite nominative singular)
skarfar (indefinite nominative plural)
skarfarnir (definite nominative plural)
skarf (accusative indefinite singular)
skarfinn (accusative definite singular)
skarfa (accusative indefinite plural)
skarfana (accusative definite plural)
skarfi (dative indefinite singular)
skarfinum (dative definite singular)
skarfum (dative indefinite plural)
skarfunum (dative definite plural)
skarfs (genitive indefinite singular)
skarfsins (definite genitive singular)
skarfa (genitive indefinite plural)
skarfanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

skarfr

Icelandic: skarfur

Faroese: skarvur

Norwegian Bokmål: skarv

Norwegian Nynorsk: skarv

Swedish: skarv

Danish: skarv

→ Scottish Gaelic: sgarbh

From Proto-Germanic *skarf-, *skarb-, *skraf-, of imitative origin.

cormorant, shag (bird of the family Phalacrocoracidae)


framvíss

Icelandic: framvís

fram (“forth, forward”) + víss (“wise”). Compare the corresponding verb vita fram (“to predict, foresee”).


Tribuðiz

Probably of Slavic origin. Probably identical to German Tribsees.

an ancient area in north-eastern part of modern Germany, Tribusana province, where Tribsees is located today


vrangan

strong masculine accusative singular of vrangr


vrangr

Norwegian: vrang; (dialectal) vrang’e, vrång’e

Elfdalian: rwaungg

Old Danish: wrangær

Danish: vrang

Norwegian Bokmål: vrang

Old Swedish: wranger

Swedish: vrång

Scanian: vránger

→ Old English: wrang (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Later Old West Norse: rangr
Icelandic: rangur
Faroese: rangur
Norn: rang
Norwegian: rang; (dialectal) rang’u, rång’e
Jamtish: ráng

From Proto-Germanic *wrangaz, akin to the Common Germanic verb *wringan.

c. 825, Bragi hinn gamli Boddason, poem about Thor’s fishing
Vildit vrǫngum ofra · vágs byrsendir ǿgi,
hinns mjótygil máva · mǿrar skar fyr Þóri.
The wave’s wind-sender (= Hymir) did not want to raise up the twisted terrifier (= the Midgard serpent),

when he cut the slender string of the seagull-land (fishing line) before Thor.


fjǫlð

From Proto-Germanic *felaldiz from *felu ("fele"; many) + *aldiz (“"multitude"”)


strákr

Icelandic: strákur

A nominal formation related to Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“rigid, strong”); compare, in particular, Norwegian straak, strokk (“knave, boy, lad”), Old English stræc, Middle Low German strak, Middle Dutch strac, Old High German strach (“tight, firm”).


glaumr

Icelandic: glaumur

From Proto-Germanic *glaumaz (“jubilation”).


vreiðir

strong masculine nominative plural of vreiðr


goðgá

non-decl-blank-full

goðgá

goðgá (indefinite nominative singular)
goðgáin (definite nominative singular)
goðgár (indefinite nominative plural)
goðgárnar (definite nominative plural)
goðgá (accusative indefinite singular)
goðgána (accusative definite singular)
goðgár (accusative indefinite plural)
goðgárnar (accusative definite plural)
goðgá (dative indefinite singular)
goðgánni (dative definite singular)
goðgám (dative indefinite plural)
goðgánum (dative definite plural)
goðgár (genitive indefinite singular)
goðgárinnar (definite genitive singular)
goðgá (genitive indefinite plural)
goðgánna (definite genitive plural)

goð (“(pagan) god”) + gá (“barking, scoffing, mocking”)


hrossakjǫtsát

non-decl-blank-full

hrossakjǫtsát

hrossakjǫtsát (indefinite nominative singular)
hrossakjǫtsátit (definite nominative singular)
hrossakjǫtsát (indefinite nominative plural)
hrossakjǫtsátin (definite nominative plural)
hrossakjǫtsát (accusative indefinite singular)
hrossakjǫtsátit (accusative definite singular)
hrossakjǫtsát (accusative indefinite plural)
hrossakjǫtsátin (accusative definite plural)
hrossakjǫtsáti (dative indefinite singular)
hrossakjǫtsátinu (dative definite singular)
hrossakjǫtsátum (dative indefinite plural)
hrossakjǫtsátunum (dative definite plural)
hrossakjǫtsáz (genitive indefinite singular)
hrossakjǫtsázins (definite genitive singular)
hrossakjǫtsáta (genitive indefinite plural)
hrossakjǫtsátanna (definite genitive plural)

hrossakjǫt (“horsemeat”) + át (“the act of eating, food”)

compound

c. 1130, Ari Þorgilsson, Íslendingabók
Þá vas þat mælt í lǫgum, at allir menn skyldi kristnir vesa ok skírn taka, þeir es áðr váru óskírðir á landi hér; en of barnaútburð skyldu standa en fornu lǫg ok of hrossakjǫtsát.

Then it was said in the law, that all men should be Christian and take baptism, those who were earlier unbaptized in this land; but of the exposure of children the old law would stand, likewise of the eating of horsemeat.


leika tveim skjǫldum

Icelandic: leika tveim skjöldum

desc

→ Swedish: leka med två sköldar (calque)

[…] Trúr vas’k tyggja dýrum; · tveim skjǫldum lék’k aldri;
fylli’k flokk þinn, stillir; · fellr á hendr mér elli.

c. 965, Eyvindr skáldaspillir, loose stanza 10https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=verse&i=2549

[…] I was true to the dear leader; with two shields I never played.
I fill your retinue, ruler; old age falls upon my hands.

play both sides against the middle
play both sides against the middle

(idiomatic) to play both sides against the middle


Skjǫldr

non-noun

Skjǫldr m (genitive Skjaldar, dative Skildi)

→ Latin: Skioldus, Skyoldus (Saxo Grammaticus)

[s̠cøɵ̯lˠd̥ɹ̻̊˔]

skjǫldr (“shield”). Cognate with Old English Scyld.


óbyrja

óbyrja f (genitive óbyrju, plural óbyrjur)

óbyrju (genitive)
óbyrjur (plural)
óbyrja (indefinite nominative singular)
óbyrjan (definite nominative singular)
óbyrjur (indefinite nominative plural)
óbyrjurnar (definite nominative plural)
óbyrju (accusative indefinite singular)
óbyrjuna (accusative definite singular)
óbyrjur (accusative indefinite plural)
óbyrjurnar (accusative definite plural)
óbyrju (dative indefinite singular)
óbyrjunni (dative definite singular)
óbyrjum (dative indefinite plural)
óbyrjunum (dative definite plural)
óbyrju (genitive indefinite singular)
óbyrjunnar (definite genitive singular)
óbyrjna (genitive indefinite plural)
óbyrjnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

óbyrja

Proto-Germanic *unburjǭ. First element ó- (“un-”); second element zero-grade agent noun formed to bera (“to carry; to bear (children)”).


brimsvín

brimsvín

brimsvín (indefinite nominative singular)
brimsvínit (definite nominative singular)
brimsvín (indefinite nominative plural)
brimsvínin (definite nominative plural)
brimsvín (accusative indefinite singular)
brimsvínit (accusative definite singular)
brimsvín (accusative indefinite plural)
brimsvínin (accusative definite plural)
brimsvíni (dative indefinite singular)
brimsvíninu (dative definite singular)
brimsvínum (dative indefinite plural)
brimsvínunum (dative definite plural)
brimsvíns (genitive indefinite singular)
brimsvínsins (definite genitive singular)
brimsvína (genitive indefinite plural)
brimsvínanna (definite genitive plural)

brim (“surf, sea”) + svín (“swine, pig”).


sigrúnar

inflection of sigrún:
nominative/accusative plural


stulka

Icelandic: stúlka

From some derivative of Proto-Germanic *stulukōną (“to stalk”), apparently referring to the unsteady gait of young girls. Compare Norwegian stulka (“to walk uncertainly”).


skýrr

Icelandic: skýr

According to de Vries, an ablaut formation from skírr (“pure, innocent”). Another theory by Magnusson links the word to Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look”) and its relatives.


hefr

second/third-person singular present active indicative of hefja


hafim

first-person plural present active subjunctive of hafa


ránit

definite nominative/accusative singular of rán


goðvarðr

Compound of goð (“a god, gods”) + varðr (“defended”), second element past participle of verja (“to defend”).

com+

[…] ok ræðr síðan / jarl goðvǫrðu hjarli.

c. 1010, Eyjólfr dáðaskáld, Bandadrápa klofstef.4-5

And thenceforth the Earl rules the god-defended land.

(Germanic paganism) protected by the gods


goðvǫrðu

inflection of goðvarðr:
strong neuter dative singular

weak feminine accusative/dative/genitive singular

weak masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


varðan

strong masculine accusative singular of varðr


goðagremi

non-decl-blank-sing

goðagremi

goðagremi (indefinite nominative singular)
goðagremin (definite nominative singular)
goðagremi (accusative indefinite singular)
goðagremina (accusative definite singular)
goðagremi (dative indefinite singular)
goðagreminni (dative definite singular)
goðagremi (genitive indefinite singular)
goðagreminnar (definite genitive singular)

goð (“a god, gods”) + gremi (“wrath, anger”)

compound

ek banna jarðir þær allar, er Bjǫrn hefir átt, at byggja ok at vinna. Banna ek þér, Berg-Ǫnundr, ok ǫðrum mǫnnum ǫllum, innlenzkum ok útlenzkum, tígnum ok ótígnum, en hverjum manni, er þat gerir, legg ek við lǫgbrot landsréttar ok griða rof ok goðagremi.

I forbid settling and farming on all those lands owned by Beorn; I forbid you, Barrow-Anund, and all other men, native and alien, noble and not noble. But every man who does that, I lay upon him the breaking of the laws of the land, and breach of truce, and the wrath of the gods.

wrath of the gods, especially for breaking oaths


grǫmum

inflection of gramr:
strong masculine dative singular

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


glæsa

Faroese: glæsa

Icelandic: glæsa

Norwegian: gløsa

Origin uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *glēsijaną (“to shine, glare”). Alternatively, from Proto-Germanic *glaiwisōną (“to make bright, make shiny”), from Proto-Germanic *glaiwiz (“shining, light, bright”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰley- (“to shine”). If so, then related to Old Norse glær (“light, bright, clear”).


raumar

non-decl-blank-plur

raumar

raumar (indefinite nominative plural)
raumarnir (definite nominative plural)
rauma (accusative indefinite plural)
raumana (accusative definite plural)
raumum (dative indefinite plural)
raumunum (dative definite plural)
rauma (genitive indefinite plural)
raumanna (definite genitive plural)

⇒ Old Norse: Raumaríki

Norwegian Nynorsk: Romerike n

Norwegian Bokmål: Romerike n

Cognate with Old English Rēamas. Earliest attested in the form Raumarici in the Getica.


niflgóðr

Icelandic: niflgóður

þvít niflgóðr · niðja steypir
bróður hrør · við baugum selr.

for the darkness-loving overthrower of kinsmen sells his brother’s corpse for rings.

(poetic, hapax legomenon) darkness-loving; evil


rjóðs

strong masculine/neuter genitive singular of rjóðr


oddrjóðr

non-decl-blank-full

oddrjóðr

oddrjóðr (indefinite nominative singular)
oddrjóðrinn (definite nominative singular)
oddrjóðar (indefinite nominative plural)
oddrjóðarnir (definite nominative plural)
oddrjóð (accusative indefinite singular)
oddrjóðinn (accusative definite singular)
oddrjóða (accusative indefinite plural)
oddrjóðana (accusative definite plural)
oddrjóði (dative indefinite singular)
oddrjóðinum (dative definite singular)
oddrjóðum (dative indefinite plural)
oddrjóðunum (dative definite plural)
oddrjóðs (genitive indefinite singular)
oddrjóðsins (definite genitive singular)
oddrjóða (genitive indefinite plural)
oddrjóðanna (definite genitive plural)

oddr (“spearpoint”) + rjóðr (“reddener”)

compound

(poetic) reddener of the spearpoint; warrior


torfyndr

tor- (“hard, difficult”) + fyndr (“found”)


fǿrr

Icelandic: fær (“able, passable”)

Faroese: førur (“competent”)

Old Swedish: fø̄r

Swedish: för (obsolete)

Old Danish: før

Danish: før (“stout”) (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *fōriz (“able to go, passable”). Cognate with Old English fēre (“able-bodied; seaworthy”).


torveldr

Icelandic: torveldur

tor- (“hard, difficult”) + -veldr (“manageable”).


auðveldr

Icelandic: auðveldur


fórt

second-person singular past active indicative of fara


beinan

strong masculine accusative singular of beinn


ennidúkr

Eykr með ennidúki · jarðhljótr día fjarðar
breyti, hún sás beinan · bindr; […]

Kormákr Ǫgmundarson, Sigurðardrápa stanza 3

The land-recipient (RULER) who secures the straight mast endows the plower of the firth of the gods (POET) with a headband. […]


Hliðskjǫlf

Hliðskjalfar (genitive)
Hliðskjǫlf (indefinite nominative)
Hliðskjǫlf (accusative indefinite)
Hliðskjǫlf (dative indefinite)
Hliðskjalfar (genitive indefinite)
Hliðskjálf (alternative)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Hliðskjǫlf

hlið (“side”) + *skjǫlf (“shelf, ledge”).

compound

harri Hliðskjalfar

(Norse mythology) the lookout seat of the gods


hárir

strong masculine nominative plural of hárr


hárar

strong feminine nominative/accusative plural of hárr


svinkandi

non-decl-blank-full

svinkandi

svinkandi (indefinite nominative singular)
svinkandinn (definite nominative singular)
svinkendr (indefinite nominative plural)
svinkendrnir (definite nominative plural)
svinkanda (accusative indefinite singular)
svinkandann (accusative definite singular)
svinkendr (accusative indefinite plural)
svinkendrna (accusative definite plural)
svinkanda (dative indefinite singular)
svinkandanum (dative definite singular)
svinkǫndum (dative indefinite plural)
svinkǫndunum (dative definite plural)
svinkanda (genitive indefinite singular)
svinkandans (definite genitive singular)
svinkanda (genitive indefinite plural)
svinkandanna (definite genitive plural)

svinka (“to toil, labour”) + -andi (“-er”).

affix

úr es fjón svinkanda


svinkanda

inflection of svinkandi:
accusative/dative/genitive singular

inflection of svinkandi:
genitive plural


fjón

non-decl-blank-full

fjón

fjón (indefinite nominative singular)
fjónit (definite nominative singular)
fjón (indefinite nominative plural)
fjónin (definite nominative plural)
fjón (accusative indefinite singular)
fjónit (accusative definite singular)
fjón (accusative indefinite plural)
fjónin (accusative definite plural)
fjóni (dative indefinite singular)
fjóninu (dative definite singular)
fjónum (dative indefinite plural)
fjónunum (dative definite plural)
fjóns (genitive indefinite singular)
fjónsins (definite genitive singular)
fjóna (genitive indefinite plural)
fjónanna (definite genitive plural)

ek legg fjón á þik


einhendr

Icelandic: einhendur, einhentur

Faroese: einhentur

Old Swedish: ēnhænder

Swedish: enhänt

Inherited from Proto-Norse *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᚺᚨᛞᛁᛉ (*ainahadiʀ), from Proto-Germanic *ainahandijaz. By surface analysis, einn (“one”) + hǫnd (“hand”) + -r (“-ed”).

surface analysis

Týr er einhendr ása


yðart

neuter nominative/accusative singular of yðarr


útlenzkr

Icelandic: útlenskur

Faroese: útlendskur

Swedish: utländsk

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *ūtlandiskaz. Cognate with Old English ūtlendisc (English outlandish), German ausländisch.

inh+

brigð eru útlenzk orð


drógum

first-person plural past active indicative of draga


-leikr

Icelandic: -leikur, -leiki

Norwegian Nynorsk: -leik


skáktafl

Icelandic: skáktafl

Old Swedish: skaktafl

Swedish: schacktavel


Guðþormr

Guðþorms (genitive)
Guðþormr (indefinite nominative)
Guðþorm (accusative indefinite)
Guðþormi (dative indefinite)
Guðþorms (genitive indefinite)
Goðþormr (alternative)
Guttormr (alternative)
Gottormr (alternative)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Guðþormr

From goð (“(heathen) god”) + þormr (“reverent, merciful”). Second element of the same root as the verb þyrma.


haldorðr

halda (“to hold, keep”) + orð (“word”) + -r


haldorða

inflection of haldorðr:
strong feminine accusative singular

inflection of haldorðr:
strong masculine accusative plural

weak feminine/neuter nominative singular

weak masculine/neuter accusative/dative/genitive singular


haldorð

inflection of haldorðr:
strong feminine nominative singular

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


Valterborg

(hapax legomenon) The capital of Húnaland according to Thidrek’s saga, before it was conquered by Attila, who moved its capital to Súsat.


Húnaland

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Húnaland

Húnaland (indefinite nominative)
Húnaland (accusative indefinite)
Húnalandi (dative indefinite)
Húnalands (genitive indefinite)

(mythology) the kingdom of Huns mentioned in sagas, somewhere in Central Europe, only loosely based on the historical kingdom


Súsat

May be same as Soest in today’s Netherlands, close to Frisia, where Attila came from according to the saga. But an alternative form found in the text is Susakk, which is not similar to the name of Soest. Yet another is Susa, and may be declined as a Latin noun.

(hapax legomenon) The capital of Húnaland in Thidrek’s saga after it was conquered by Attila, who, according to the saga, was not a Hun, but just usurped the throne


Falstrskógr

From Falstr + skógr. The first part is also written as Falar in one of the versions of the text («skógi er Falar heiter»). May be of same etymology as German Faldera in Neumünster, also known as Latin pagus Falderensis.

(hapax legomenon) a forest in Germany mentioned in Thidreks saga, on the border to Denmark


Marsteinn

Probably from marksteinn. The k was lost in copying of the manuscript.

(hapax legomenon) a castle in Germany mentioned in Thidreks saga, in Falstrskógr


Jassarfjǫll

Unknown. The last part is plural of fjall (“mountain”).

(hapax legomenon) Mountains somewhere in Central Europe mentioned in Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks.


mildingr

non-decl-blank-full

mildingr

mildingr (indefinite nominative singular)
mildingrinn (definite nominative singular)
mildingar (indefinite nominative plural)
mildingarnir (definite nominative plural)
milding (accusative indefinite singular)
mildinginn (accusative definite singular)
mildinga (accusative indefinite plural)
mildingana (accusative definite plural)
mildingi (dative indefinite singular)
mildinginum (dative definite singular)
mildingum (dative indefinite plural)
mildingunum (dative definite plural)
mildings (genitive indefinite singular)
mildingsins (definite genitive singular)
mildinga (genitive indefinite plural)
mildinganna (definite genitive plural)

Svá er af magni mildings ferð sem Mævils hesta rásin
Thus the man’s journey is in its power like the rush of Mævill's horses [SHIPS].

fifteenth century, Sigurðar rímur fóts og Ásmundar Húnakonungs, IV.25


fyrðr

fyrðr

fyrðr (indefinite nominative singular)
fyrðrinn (definite nominative singular)
fyrðar (indefinite nominative plural)
fyrðarnir (definite nominative plural)
fyrð (accusative indefinite singular)
fyrðinn (accusative definite singular)
fyrða (accusative indefinite plural)
fyrðana (accusative definite plural)
fyrði (dative indefinite singular)
fyrðinum (dative definite singular)
fyrðum (dative indefinite plural)
fyrðunum (dative definite plural)
fyrðs (genitive indefinite singular)
fyrðsins (definite genitive singular)
fyrða (genitive indefinite plural)
fyrðanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: fyrðar, firðar

fifteenth century, Sigurðar rímur fóts og Ásmundar Húnakonungs, IV.22

the rain of wounds [BLOOD] will bleed from men.


grannr

desc

Icelandic: grannur (“thin, slim; accurate”)

Faroese: grannur (“thin, fine”)

Old Swedish:

Swedish: grann (“pretty, fine”)

Elfdalian: grann (“thin, delicate, pretty”)

From Proto-Germanic *grannaz (“sharp, thin”).


stefknǫrr

non-noun

stefknǫrr m (genitive knarrar, plural knerrir)

knarrar (genitive)
knerrir (plural)
stefknǫrr (indefinite nominative singular)
stefknǫrrinn (definite nominative singular)
stefknerrir (indefinite nominative plural)
stefknerrirnir (definite nominative plural)
stefknǫrr (accusative indefinite singular)
stefknǫrrinn (accusative definite singular)
stefknǫrru (accusative indefinite plural)
stefknerri (accusative indefinite plural)
stefknǫrrunum (accusative definite plural)
stefknerrinum (accusative definite plural)
stefknerri (dative indefinite singular)
stefknǫrr (dative indefinite singular)
stefknerrinum (dative definite singular)
stefknǫrrinum (dative definite singular)
stefknǫrrum (dative indefinite plural)
stefknǫrrunum (dative definite plural)
stefknarrar (genitive indefinite singular)
stefknarrarins (definite genitive singular)
stefknarra (genitive indefinite plural)
stefknarranna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

stefknǫrr

stef (“refrain”) + knǫrr (“knorr, a type of merchant ship”)


drápa

non-decl-blank-full

drápa

drápa (indefinite nominative singular)
drápan (definite nominative singular)
drápur (indefinite nominative plural)
drápurnar (definite nominative plural)
drápu (accusative indefinite singular)
drápuna (accusative definite singular)
drápur (accusative indefinite plural)
drápurnar (accusative definite plural)
drápu (dative indefinite singular)
drápunni (dative definite singular)
drápum (dative indefinite plural)
drápunum (dative definite plural)
drápu (genitive indefinite singular)
drápunnar (definite genitive singular)
drápa (genitive indefinite plural)
drápanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: drápa

→ English: drapa

→ Swedish: dråpa, drapa (learned)

(poetry) drapa; a skaldic poem with a refrain (stef)


drápu

accusative/dative/genitive singular of drápa


húsbónda

inflection of húsbóndi:
accusative/dative/genitive singular


hollr

non-adj

hollr (comparative hollari, superlative hollastr)

hollari (comparative)
hollastr (superlative)

Icelandic: hollur

Faroese: hollur

Norwegian Nynorsk: holl

Old Swedish: hulder, holder

Swedish: hull (obsolete), huld

Danish: huld

Hirðskrá
Svá sé mér guð hollr sem ek satt segi, gramr ef ek lýgr

So may god be gracious toward me if I speak truly, furious if I lie


níðingr

Icelandic: níðingur

Old Danish: nithing

Danish: nidding

desc

Old Swedish: niþinger, niðinger, nidhinger, nidinger

Swedish: niding

By surface analysis, níð + -ingr. Earliest record from the 11th century, in the form of the runic genitive inflection ᚾᛁᚦᛁᚴᛋ (niþiks /niðiŋs, nid͡hin͡gs/). Cognate of English nithing, among more.

ᚾᛁᚦᛁᚴᛦ (alternative)
niþingr (alternative)

(vulgar, derogatory, offensive) shameful dishonorable coward

(law) harsh criminal, villain, scoundrel, vile wretch, apostate (guilty of apostasy; dishonesty), in relation to crimes of honor, honesty and thereof; originally an outlaw (criminal excluded from legal rights, who can be killed at will without legal penalty)