en

Icelandic: en

Norwegian Nynorsk: enn, en

Norwegian Bokmål: enn

Old Swedish: æn

Swedish: än

Danish: end

From Proto-Germanic *anþi, *andi. Unstressed doublet of enn (“yet, still”).


en

Icelandic: en

Norwegian Nynorsk: enn

Norwegian Bokmål: enn

Old Swedish: æn

Swedish: än

Danish: end

From earlier an (“than”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þan, possibly through *þannai, whence cognate with Old English þonne (“than”). For similar loss of þ- compare at from earlier Proto-Norse ᚦᚨᛏ (þat), ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt).


in

inflection of inn:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of inn:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


man

mans (genitive)
mǫn (plural)
man (indefinite nominative singular)
manit (definite nominative singular)
mǫn (indefinite nominative plural)
mǫnin (definite nominative plural)
man (accusative indefinite singular)
manit (accusative definite singular)
mǫn (accusative indefinite plural)
mǫnin (accusative definite plural)
mani (dative indefinite singular)
maninu (dative definite singular)
mǫnum (dative indefinite plural)
mǫnunum (dative definite plural)
mans (genitive indefinite singular)
mansins (definite genitive singular)
mana (genitive indefinite plural)
mananna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

man

Icelandic: man

Probably from Proto-Germanic *gamaną (“fellow human”)

Sáttir þínar er ek vil snemma hafa
ok þat gjaforð geta;
eiga vilja heldr en án vera

Quickly will I have your agreement
and win the word of marriage;
I would rather own than be without
that pale maid.


sela

inflection of seli m (“harness”)
oblique singular indefinite of seli
accusative singular indefinite of seli

inflection of seli m (“harness”)
oblique singular indefinite of seli
dative singular indefinite of seli

inflection of seli m (“harness”)
oblique singular indefinite of seli
genitive singular indefinite of seli

inflection of seli m (“harness”)
accusative plural indefinite of seli

inflection of seli m (“harness”)
genitive plural indefinite of seli

inflection of selr m (“seal”)
accusative plural indefinite of selr

inflection of selr m (“seal”)
genitive plural indefinite of selr


send

inflection of senda:
strong feminine nominative singular

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


send

second-person singular active imperative of senda


um

From Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”). Cognate with Old English ymbe, Old Frisian umbe, ombe, Old Saxon umbi, Old High German umbi.

during, at a point in time [with accusative]


um

Icelandic: um

Faroese: um

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: um; (dialectal) om, øm

Old Swedish: um

Swedish: om

Danish: om

Norwegian Bokmål: om

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: om

Ek man jǫtna / ár um borna, […]

Vǫluspá, verse 2, lines 1-2, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 1

(Poetic Edda) indicates that the verbal action is completed, compare English “through” as in “read through”. For semantic development, compare adjectival usage of German um.


it

ek (first-person nominative singular)
þú (nominative second-person singular)
hann (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hón (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hǫ́n (feminine nominative singular third-person)
þat (neuter nominative singular third-person)
mik (accusative first-person singular)
þik (accusative second-person singular)
sik (accusative reflexive singular)
hann (accusative masculine singular third-person)
hana (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hána (accusative feminine singular third-person)
þat (accusative neuter singular third-person)
mér (dative first-person singular)
þér (dative second-person singular)
sér (dative reflexive singular)
hánum (dative masculine singular third-person)
hónum (dative masculine singular third-person)
hǫ́num (dative masculine singular third-person)
henni (dative feminine singular third-person)
því (dative neuter singular third-person)
mín (first-person genitive singular)
þín (genitive second-person singular)
sín (genitive reflexive singular)
hans (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hennar (feminine genitive singular third-person)
þess (genitive neuter singular third-person)
vit (dual first-person nominative)
it (dual nominative second-person)
þit (dual nominative second-person)
okkr (accusative dual first-person)
ykkr (accusative dual second-person)
sik (accusative dual reflexive)
okkr (dative dual first-person)
ykkr (dative dual second-person)
sér (dative dual reflexive)
okkar (dual first-person genitive)
ykkar (dual genitive second-person)
sín (dual genitive reflexive)
vér (first-person nominative plural)
ér (nominative plural second-person)
þér (nominative plural second-person)
þeir (masculine nominative plural third-person)
þær (feminine nominative plural third-person)
þau (neuter nominative plural third-person)
oss (accusative first-person plural)
yðr (accusative plural second-person)
sik (accusative plural reflexive)
þá (accusative masculine plural third-person)
þær (accusative feminine plural third-person)
þau (accusative neuter plural third-person)
oss (dative first-person plural)
yðr (dative plural second-person)
sér (dative plural reflexive)
þeim (dative masculine plural third-person)
þeim (dative feminine plural third-person)
þeim (dative neuter plural third-person)
vár (first-person genitive plural)
yðar (genitive plural second-person)
yðvar (genitive plural second-person)
sín (genitive plural reflexive)
þeira (genitive masculine plural third-person)
þeirra (genitive masculine plural third-person)
þeira (feminine genitive plural third-person)
þeirra (feminine genitive plural third-person)
þeira (genitive neuter plural third-person)
þeirra (genitive neuter plural third-person)

⇒ Old Norse: þit

Icelandic: þið

Faroese: tit

Norwegian Nynorsk: de, did

Elfdalian: ið

Old Swedish: it

Finland Swedish: et, ät

From Proto-Germanic *jit, North-West Germanic form of *jut. Cognate with Old English ġit, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍄 (jut).

(personal) second-person dual pronoun; you two


of

(archaic, poetic) over, above [with dative or accusative]


of

Unclear, but totally overtook the function of g-, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ga-.

of + barmr (“bosom”) + -i (“agent suffix”) → of barmi (“brother”, literally “of the same bosom; co-bosomer”)

(archaic, poetic) indicates association or togetherness; co-

[…] Ok sikling / svigðis geira

c. 850, Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Ynglingatal, verse 1]

[…] And the windless wave of the spears of the bull [HORNS > MEAD] was to destroy the prince.

(archaic, poetic) indicates completeness or wholeness. In verbs, also indicates perfectivity (a finished action)


at

ats (genitive)
ǫt (plural)
at (indefinite nominative singular)
atit (definite nominative singular)
ǫt (indefinite nominative plural)
ǫtin (definite nominative plural)
at (accusative indefinite singular)
atit (accusative definite singular)
ǫt (accusative indefinite plural)
ǫtin (accusative definite plural)
ati (dative indefinite singular)
atinu (dative definite singular)
ǫtum (dative indefinite plural)
ǫtunum (dative definite plural)
ats (genitive indefinite singular)
atsins (definite genitive singular)
ata (genitive indefinite plural)
atanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

at

Icelandic: at

From Proto-Germanic *atą. Related to Old Norse etja.


at

Icelandic: að

Faroese: at

Norwegian: at

Swedish: att

Danish: at

From Proto-Germanic *þat (“that”). Cognate with Old English þæt, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata). Doublet of þat; for similar loss of þ- compare an from Proto-Germanic *þan.


at

Icelandic: að

Faroese: at

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: å

Norwegian Nynorsk: å

Swedish: att

Danish: at

From Proto-Germanic *at (“at, to”). Cognate with Old English æt, Old Frisian et, Old Saxon at, Old High German az, Gothic 𐌰𐍄 (at).


at

Icelandic: að

Faroese: at

Norwegian Nynorsk: åt

Old Swedish: at, āt

Swedish: åt

Old Danish: at

Danish: ad

Norwegian Bokmål: ad

at heiðnum lǫgum

hann þá mjǫð at goðum

ek nam frǿði at Snorra

from, when acquiring something [with dative]


at

From earlier apt, from Proto-Norse ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ (after), ᛡᚠᚨᛏᛉ (ᴀfatʀ /afᵃtr/). Related to eptir, ept.

Hávamál

sjaldan bautarsteinar · standa brautu nær
nema reisi niðr at nið

menhirs [do] seldom stand near the road, unless a kinsman raise one in memory of a kinsman

Grágás
sonr á at taka arf at fǫður sinn

the son ought to take inheritance after his father

after, following, in memory of [with accusative]


el

first-person singular active present indicative of ala


for

Icelandic: for

Norwegian Nynorsk: for, fór

Norwegian Bokmål: får

Old Swedish: for

Swedish: fåra

Probably derived from Proto-Germanic *furhs.


an

desctree

⇒ Old Norse: en
Icelandic: en
Norwegian Nynorsk: enn
Norwegian Bokmål: enn
Old Swedish: æn
Swedish: än
Danish: end

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þan, possibly through *þannai, whence cognate with Old English þonne (“than”). For similar loss of þ- compare at from earlier Proto-Norse ᚦᚨᛏ (þat), ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt).


art

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of argr


men

mens (genitive)
men (plural)
men (indefinite nominative singular)
menit (definite nominative singular)
men (indefinite nominative plural)
menin (definite nominative plural)
men (accusative indefinite singular)
menit (accusative definite singular)
men (accusative indefinite plural)
menin (accusative definite plural)
meni (dative indefinite singular)
meninu (dative definite singular)
menjum (dative indefinite plural)
menjunum (dative definite plural)
mens (genitive indefinite singular)
mensins (definite genitive singular)
menja (genitive indefinite plural)
menjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

men

From Proto-Germanic *manją. Cognate with Old English mene.

menglǫtuðr

ring-destroyer; kenning for a wealthy ruler


tin

Icelandic: tin

Faroese: tin

Norwegian Nynorsk: tinn

Norwegian Bokmål: tinn

Old Swedish: tin, tēn

Swedish: tenn

Danish: tin

Jamtish: tin


egg

eggs (genitive)
egg (plural)
egg (indefinite nominative singular)
eggit (definite nominative singular)
egg (indefinite nominative plural)
eggin (definite nominative plural)
egg (accusative indefinite singular)
eggit (accusative definite singular)
egg (accusative indefinite plural)
eggin (accusative definite plural)
eggi (dative indefinite singular)
egginu (dative definite singular)
eggjum (dative indefinite plural)
eggjunum (dative definite plural)
eggs (genitive indefinite singular)
eggsins (definite genitive singular)
eggja (genitive indefinite plural)
eggjanna (definite genitive plural)

egg

Icelandic: egg

Faroese: egg

Norwegian Nynorsk: egg

Elfdalian: egg

Old Swedish: æg
Swedish: ägg

Scanian: ægg

Danish: æg

Norwegian Bokmål: egg

desctree

→ Middle English: eg, eeg, egg, egge, egghe, eeg
English: egg, egge
→⇒ German: not the yellow from the egg
Jamaican Creole: eg
Sranan Tongo: eksi
Scots: egg
Yola: egges (plural)

From Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.


egg

eggjar (genitive)
eggjar (plural)
egg (indefinite nominative singular)
eggin (definite nominative singular)
eggjar (indefinite nominative plural)
eggjarnar (definite nominative plural)
egg (accusative indefinite singular)
eggina (accusative definite singular)
eggjar (accusative indefinite plural)
eggjarnar (accusative definite plural)
egg (dative indefinite singular)
eggju (dative indefinite singular)
egginni (dative definite singular)
eggjunni (dative definite singular)
eggjum (dative indefinite plural)
eggjunum (dative definite plural)
eggjar (genitive indefinite singular)
eggjarinnar (definite genitive singular)
eggja (genitive indefinite plural)
eggjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

egg

Icelandic: egg

Faroese: egg

Norwegian Nynorsk: egg

Dalian: egg

Old Swedish: eg

Swedish: egg

Danish: æg

Norwegian Bokmål: egg

From Proto-Germanic *agjō. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).


al

indefinite accusative/dative singular of alr


al

second-person singular active imperative of ala


alim

first-person plural active present subjunctive of ala


alna

inflection of alinn:
strong feminine accusative singular

inflection of alinn:
strong masculine accusative plural

inflection of alinn:
weak masculine oblique singular

inflection of alinn:
weak feminine nominative singular

inflection of alinn:
weak neuter singular


kind

non-noun

kind f (genitive kindar, plural kindir or kindr)

kindar (genitive)
kindir (plural)
kindr (plural)
kind (indefinite nominative singular)
kindin (definite nominative singular)
kindir (indefinite nominative plural)
kindr (indefinite nominative plural)
kindirnar (definite nominative plural)
kindrnar (definite nominative plural)
kind (accusative indefinite singular)
kindina (accusative definite singular)
kindir (accusative indefinite plural)
kindr (accusative indefinite plural)
kindirnar (accusative definite plural)
kindrnar (accusative definite plural)
kind (dative indefinite singular)
kindinni (dative definite singular)
kindum (dative indefinite plural)
kindunum (dative definite plural)
kindar (genitive indefinite singular)
kindarinnar (definite genitive singular)
kinda (genitive indefinite plural)
kindanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

kind

Icelandic: kind f (“sheep”)

Faroese: kind

From Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. Compare Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”).


beit

beitar (genitive)
beitar (plural)
beit (indefinite nominative singular)
beitin (definite nominative singular)
beitar (indefinite nominative plural)
beitarnar (definite nominative plural)
beit (accusative indefinite singular)
beitina (accusative definite singular)
beitar (accusative indefinite plural)
beitarnar (accusative definite plural)
beit (dative indefinite singular)
beitinni (dative definite singular)
beitum (dative indefinite plural)
beitunum (dative definite plural)
beitar (genitive indefinite singular)
beitarinnar (definite genitive singular)
beita (genitive indefinite plural)
beitanna (definite genitive plural)

beit

Norwegian Nynorsk: beit f

Icelandic: beit f

From Proto-Germanic *baitō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to break, split”). Related to bíta.

der

a plate of metal mounted on the brim (of a thing)


beit

beits (genitive)
beit (indefinite nominative singular)
beitit (definite nominative singular)
beit (indefinite nominative plural)
beitin (definite nominative plural)
beit (accusative indefinite singular)
beitit (accusative definite singular)
beit (accusative indefinite plural)
beitin (accusative definite plural)
beiti (dative indefinite singular)
beitinu (dative definite singular)
beitum (dative indefinite plural)
beitunum (dative definite plural)
beits (genitive indefinite singular)
beiz (genitive indefinite singular)
beitsins (definite genitive singular)
beizins (definite genitive singular)
beita (genitive indefinite plural)
beitanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

beit

Icelandic: beit n

From Proto-Germanic *baitą, *baitaz, also from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to break, split”). Cognate with Old English bāt, which was borrowed into Old Norse again as the more used bátr.


beit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first/third-person singular past indicative active of bíta

second-person singular imperative active of beita


ben

benjar (genitive)
benjar (plural)
ben (indefinite nominative singular)
benin (definite nominative singular)
benjar (indefinite nominative plural)
benjarnar (definite nominative plural)
ben (accusative indefinite singular)
benina (accusative definite singular)
benjar (accusative indefinite plural)
benjarnar (accusative definite plural)
ben (dative indefinite singular)
beninni (dative definite singular)
benjum (dative indefinite plural)
benjunum (dative definite plural)
benjar (genitive indefinite singular)
benjarinnar (definite genitive singular)
benja (genitive indefinite plural)
benjanna (definite genitive plural)
ben (indefinite nominative singular)
benit (definite nominative singular)
ben (indefinite nominative plural)
benin (definite nominative plural)
ben (accusative indefinite singular)
benit (accusative definite singular)
ben (accusative indefinite plural)
benin (accusative definite plural)
beni (dative indefinite singular)
beninu (dative definite singular)
benjum (dative indefinite plural)
benjunum (dative definite plural)
bens (genitive indefinite singular)
bensins (definite genitive singular)
benja (genitive indefinite plural)
benjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

ben

ben


ver

vers (genitive)
ver (indefinite nominative singular)
verit (definite nominative singular)
ver (indefinite nominative plural)
verin (definite nominative plural)
ver (accusative indefinite singular)
verit (accusative definite singular)
ver (accusative indefinite plural)
verin (accusative definite plural)
veri (dative indefinite singular)
verinu (dative definite singular)
verjum (dative indefinite plural)
verjunum (dative definite plural)
vers (genitive indefinite singular)
versins (definite genitive singular)
verja (genitive indefinite plural)
verjanna (definite genitive plural)

ver

Icelandic: ver

Norwegian Nynorsk: vær

Norwegian Bokmål: vær

station for taking eggs, fishing, catching seals, etc.


ver

verja (genitive plural)
ver (indefinite nominative singular)
verit (definite nominative singular)
ver (indefinite nominative plural)
verin (definite nominative plural)
ver (accusative indefinite singular)
verit (accusative definite singular)
ver (accusative indefinite plural)
verin (accusative definite plural)
veri (dative indefinite singular)
verinu (dative definite singular)
verjum (dative indefinite plural)
verjunum (dative definite plural)
vers (genitive indefinite singular)
versins (definite genitive singular)
verja (genitive indefinite plural)
verjanna (definite genitive plural)

ver

Icelandic: ver

Norwegian Nynorsk: var, vær

Norwegian Bokmål: var, vær

→⇒ Middle English: pilwer

→ Irish: piliúr


ver

second-person singular present imperative active of vera


ver

first-person singular present indicative active

second-person singular present imperative active


leg

leg

leg (indefinite nominative singular)
legit (definite nominative singular)
leg (indefinite nominative plural)
legin (definite nominative plural)
leg (accusative indefinite singular)
legit (accusative definite singular)
leg (accusative indefinite plural)
legin (accusative definite plural)
legi (dative indefinite singular)
leginu (dative definite singular)
legum (dative indefinite plural)
legunum (dative definite plural)
legs (genitive indefinite singular)
legsins (definite genitive singular)
lega (genitive indefinite plural)
leganna (definite genitive plural)


pata

inflection of pati:
indefinite oblique singular

inflection of pati:
indefinite accusative/genitive plural


tak

taks (genitive)
tǫk (plural)
tak (indefinite nominative singular)
takit (definite nominative singular)
tǫk (indefinite nominative plural)
tǫkin (definite nominative plural)
tak (accusative indefinite singular)
takit (accusative definite singular)
tǫk (accusative indefinite plural)
tǫkin (accusative definite plural)
taki (dative indefinite singular)
takinu (dative definite singular)
tǫkum (dative indefinite plural)
tǫkunum (dative definite plural)
taks (genitive indefinite singular)
taksins (definite genitive singular)
taka (genitive indefinite plural)
takanna (definite genitive plural)

tak

Icelandic: tak

Faroese: tak

Norwegian Nynorsk: tak

Norwegian Bokmål: tak

Old Swedish: tak

Swedish: tag

Danish: tag

Derived from the verb taka (“to take, grab”).


sama

head

sama (past indicative samdi, supine samat)

samdi (indicative past)
samat (supine)
sama (infinitive)
samandi (participle present)
samaðr (participle past)
sami (first-person indicative present singular)
samda (first-person indicative past singular)
sama (first-person present singular subjunctive)
semda (first-person past singular subjunctive)
samir (indicative present second-person singular)
samdir (indicative past second-person singular)
samir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
semdir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
samir (indicative present singular third-person)
samdi (indicative past singular third-person)
sami (present singular subjunctive third-person)
semdi (past singular subjunctive third-person)
sǫmum (first-person indicative plural present)
sǫmdum (first-person indicative past plural)
samim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
semdim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
samið (indicative plural present second-person)
sǫmduð (indicative past plural second-person)
samið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
semdið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
sama (indicative plural present third-person)
sǫmdu (indicative past plural third-person)
sami (plural present subjunctive third-person)
semdi (past plural subjunctive third-person)
sam (present second-person singular)
sǫmum (first-person plural present)
samið (plural present second-person)
samask (infinitive)
samandisk (participle present)
samazk (participle past)
sǫmumk (first-person indicative present singular)
sǫmdumk (first-person indicative past singular)
samumk (first-person present singular subjunctive)
semdumk (first-person past singular subjunctive)
samisk (indicative present second-person singular)
samdisk (indicative past second-person singular)
samisk (present second-person singular subjunctive)
semdisk (past second-person singular subjunctive)
samisk (indicative present singular third-person)
samdisk (indicative past singular third-person)
samisk (present singular subjunctive third-person)
semdisk (past singular subjunctive third-person)
sǫmumsk (first-person indicative plural present)
sǫmdumsk (first-person indicative past plural)
samimsk (first-person plural present subjunctive)
semdimsk (first-person past plural subjunctive)
samizk (indicative plural present second-person)
sǫmduzk (indicative past plural second-person)
samizk (plural present second-person subjunctive)
semdizk (past plural second-person subjunctive)
samask (indicative plural present third-person)
sǫmdusk (indicative past plural third-person)
samisk (plural present subjunctive third-person)
semdisk (past plural subjunctive third-person)
samsk (present second-person singular)
sǫmumsk (first-person plural present)
samizk (plural present second-person)

Related to sœma, from Proto-Germanic *sōmijaną (“to fit”).


sama

inflection of samr (“same”):
weak neuter singular

inflection of samr (“same”):
strong feminine accusative singular

inflection of samr (“same”):
strong masculine accusative plural

inflection of samr (“same”):
weak masculine oblique singular

inflection of samr (“same”):
weak feminine nominative singular


sama

inflection of sami (“same”):
masculine oblique singular

inflection of samr (“same”):
feminine accusative singular

inflection of samr (“same”):
masculine accusative plural

inflection of sami (“same”):
feminine nominative singular

inflection of sami (“same”):
neuter singular


sama

inflection of sami:
indefinite oblique singular

inflection of sami:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of sami:
indefinite genitive plural


ber

berja (genitive plural)
ber (indefinite nominative singular)
berit (definite nominative singular)
ber (indefinite nominative plural)
berin (definite nominative plural)
ber (accusative indefinite singular)
berit (accusative definite singular)
ber (accusative indefinite plural)
berin (accusative definite plural)
beri (dative indefinite singular)
berinu (dative definite singular)
berjum (dative indefinite plural)
berjunum (dative definite plural)
bers (genitive indefinite singular)
bersins (definite genitive singular)
berja (genitive indefinite plural)
berjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

ber

Icelandic: ber

Faroese: ber

Norwegian: bær

Old Swedish: bær
Swedish: bär

Danish: bær

From Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją, whence also Old English berġe, Old High German beri.


ber

inflection of berr (“bare”):
strong feminine nominative singular

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


ber

first-person singular present indicative active

second-person singular imperative active


er

From earlier es, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).

inh

verse 76 of the Hávamál (1996 translation by Carolyne Larrington)

but the glory of reputation never dies, / for the man who can get himself a good one

en orðstírr / deyr aldregi / hveim er sér góðan getr


er

Icelandic: er

Faroese: er

Old Swedish: ær

En er hann dó, grét ǫll verǫldin

and when he died, the whole world cried.


er

Icelandic: er

Faroese: er

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: er

Norwegian Nynorsk: er

Jamtish: er

Elfdalian: ir

Old Swedish: ær

Swedish: är

Danish: er

Old Gutnish: ier

From earlier es, from Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. The final -s was replaced by -r due to analogy to the plural forms of the verb.

third-person singular indicative present of vera


bend

inflection of bendr:
strong feminine nominative singular


bend

second-person singular active imperative of benda


bent

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of bendr


burst

non-decl-blank-full

burst

burst (indefinite nominative singular)
burstin (definite nominative singular)
burstir (indefinite nominative plural)
burstirnar (definite nominative plural)
burst (accusative indefinite singular)
burstina (accusative definite singular)
burstir (accusative indefinite plural)
burstirnar (accusative definite plural)
burst (dative indefinite singular)
burstinni (dative definite singular)
burstum (dative indefinite plural)
burstunum (dative definite plural)
burstar (genitive indefinite singular)
burstarinnar (definite genitive singular)
bursta (genitive indefinite plural)
burstanna (definite genitive plural)


fell

first-person singular present/past active indicative

third-person singular past active indicative


fit

fitjar (genitive)
fitjar (plural)
fit (indefinite nominative singular)
fitin (definite nominative singular)
fitjar (indefinite nominative plural)
fitjarnar (definite nominative plural)
fit (accusative indefinite singular)
fitina (accusative definite singular)
fitjar (accusative indefinite plural)
fitjarnar (accusative definite plural)
fit (dative indefinite singular)
fitinni (dative definite singular)
fitjum (dative indefinite plural)
fitjunum (dative definite plural)
fitjar (genitive indefinite singular)
fitjarinnar (definite genitive singular)
fitja (genitive indefinite plural)
fitjanna (definite genitive plural)

fit

(zoology, anatomy) webbed foot (of swimming birds)

(landform) meadowland on the banks of a lake or river


get

get

get (indefinite nominative singular)
getit (definite nominative singular)
get (indefinite nominative plural)
getin (definite nominative plural)
get (accusative indefinite singular)
getit (accusative definite singular)
get (accusative indefinite plural)
getin (accusative definite plural)
geti (dative indefinite singular)
getinu (dative definite singular)
getum (dative indefinite plural)
getunum (dative definite plural)
gets (genitive indefinite singular)
getsins (definite genitive singular)
geta (genitive indefinite plural)
getanna (definite genitive plural)


get

first-person singular present indicative of geta

second-person singular imperative of geta


grind

non-noun

grind f (genitive grindar, plural grindr)

grindar (genitive)
grindr (plural)
grind (indefinite nominative singular)
grindin (definite nominative singular)
grindir (indefinite nominative plural)
grindirnar (definite nominative plural)
grind (accusative indefinite singular)
grindina (accusative definite singular)
grindir (accusative indefinite plural)
grindirnar (accusative definite plural)
grind (dative indefinite singular)
grindinni (dative definite singular)
grindum (dative indefinite plural)
grindunum (dative definite plural)
grindar (genitive indefinite singular)
grindarinnar (definite genitive singular)
grinda (genitive indefinite plural)
grindanna (definite genitive plural)
grind (indefinite nominative singular)
grindin (definite nominative singular)
grindr (indefinite nominative plural)
grindrnar (definite nominative plural)
grind (accusative indefinite singular)
grindina (accusative definite singular)
grindr (accusative indefinite plural)
grindrnar (accusative definite plural)
grind (dative indefinite singular)
grindinni (dative definite singular)
grindum (dative indefinite plural)
grindunum (dative definite plural)
grindar (genitive indefinite singular)
grindr (genitive indefinite singular)
grindarinnar (definite genitive singular)
grindrinnar (definite genitive singular)
grinda (genitive indefinite plural)
grindanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

grind

grind

Icelandic: grind

Faroese: grind

Norwegian Nynorsk: grind

Norwegian Bokmål: grind

Swedish: grind


hit

hinn (masculine nominative singular)
hin (feminine nominative singular)
hit (neuter nominative singular)
hinn (accusative masculine singular)
hina (accusative feminine singular)
hit (accusative neuter singular)
hinum (dative masculine singular)
hinni (dative feminine singular)
hinu (dative neuter singular)
hins (genitive masculine singular)
hinnar (feminine genitive singular)
hins (genitive neuter singular)
hinir (masculine nominative plural)
hinar (feminine nominative plural)
hin (neuter nominative plural)
hina (accusative masculine plural)
hinar (accusative feminine plural)
hin (accusative neuter plural)
hinum (dative masculine plural)
hinum (dative feminine plural)
hinum (dative neuter plural)
hinna (genitive masculine plural)
hinna (feminine genitive plural)
hinna (genitive neuter plural)

Icelandic: hið

Elfdalian: eð

neuter nominative/accusative singular of hinn


sent

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of sendr


set

first-person singular present active indicative

second-person singular active imperative


sit

second-person singular present active imperative


sat

first/third-person singular past active indicative of sitja


vel

non-adv

vel (comparative betr, superlative bazt)

Icelandic: vel

Faroese: væl

Norwegian: vel

Old Swedish: væl, val

Swedish: väl

Old Danish: væl

Danish: vel

From Proto-Germanic *wela (“well”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. Cognate with Old English wel, Old Frisian wela, Old Saxon wela, Old High German wola, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰 (waila).


ven

first-person singular present indicative active of venja

second-person singular present imperative active of venja


gull

gulls (genitive)
gull (plural)
gull (indefinite nominative singular)
gullit (definite nominative singular)
gull (indefinite nominative plural)
gullin (definite nominative plural)
gull (accusative indefinite singular)
gullit (accusative definite singular)
gull (accusative indefinite plural)
gullin (accusative definite plural)
gulli (dative indefinite singular)
gullinu (dative definite singular)
gullum (dative indefinite plural)
gullunum (dative definite plural)
gulls (genitive indefinite singular)
gullsins (definite genitive singular)
gulla (genitive indefinite plural)
gullanna (definite genitive plural)
goll (alternative)

non-decl-blank-full

gull

Icelandic: gull n

Faroese: gull n

Norwegian Nynorsk: gull n

Old Swedish: gull n

Swedish: gull, guld n

Old Danish:

Danish: guld n

Norwegian Bokmål: gull n

→ Greenlandic: kuulti

Gutnish: gull n

From Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”). Cognate with Old English gold, Old Frisian gold, Old Saxon gold, Old Dutch golt, Old High German gold, Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌻𐌸 (gulþ). See also Finnish kulta. Ultimately from Pre-Germanic *ǵʰl̥tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).

der

Vér viljum ok gefa þér gull vort, […]

Laurentius saga 65, in 1858, Jón_Sigurðsson, Guðbrandur_Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 877

Enn þegar sem hon bar þetta gull, […]

Stjórn 78, in 1862, C. R. Unger, Stjórn: gammelnorsk Bibelhistorie: fra Verdens Skabelse til det babyloniske Fangenskab. Christiania, page 254

(countable) a jewel, thing of value, especially a finger-ring


salt

non-decl-blank-full

salt

salt (indefinite nominative singular)
saltit (definite nominative singular)
sǫlt (indefinite nominative plural)
sǫltin (definite nominative plural)
salt (accusative indefinite singular)
saltit (accusative definite singular)
sǫlt (accusative indefinite plural)
sǫltin (accusative definite plural)
salti (dative indefinite singular)
saltinu (dative definite singular)
sǫltum (dative indefinite plural)
sǫltunum (dative definite plural)
salts (genitive indefinite singular)
saltsins (definite genitive singular)
salta (genitive indefinite plural)
saltanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: salt

Faroese: salt

Norn: salt

Norwegian Nynorsk: salt

Norwegian Bokmål: salt

Old Swedish: salt

Swedish: salt

Old Danish: salt

Danish: salt


salt

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of saltr (“salty”)


far

fars (genitive)
fǫr (plural)
far (indefinite nominative singular)
farit (definite nominative singular)
fǫr (indefinite nominative plural)
fǫrin (definite nominative plural)
far (accusative indefinite singular)
farit (accusative definite singular)
fǫr (accusative indefinite plural)
fǫrin (accusative definite plural)
fari (dative indefinite singular)
farinu (dative definite singular)
fǫrum (dative indefinite plural)
fǫrunum (dative definite plural)
fars (genitive indefinite singular)
farsins (definite genitive singular)
fara (genitive indefinite plural)
faranna (definite genitive plural)

far

Icelandic: far

Faroese: far

Norwegian Nynorsk: far

Norwegian Bokmål: far

Inherited from Proto-Norse *ᚠᚨᚱᚨ (*fara), from Proto-Germanic *farą.


far

second-person singular imperative active of fara


dust

Icelandic: dust

Faroese: dust

Norwegian: dust

Swedish: dust

Danish: dyst


full

inflection of fullr:
strong feminine nominative singular

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


sog

sogs (genitive)
sog (indefinite nominative singular)
sogit (definite nominative singular)
sog (indefinite nominative plural)
sogin (definite nominative plural)
sog (accusative indefinite singular)
sogit (accusative definite singular)
sog (accusative indefinite plural)
sogin (accusative definite plural)
sogi (dative indefinite singular)
soginu (dative definite singular)
sogum (dative indefinite plural)
sogunum (dative definite plural)
sogs (genitive indefinite singular)
sogsins (definite genitive singular)
soga (genitive indefinite plural)
soganna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

sog

Icelandic: sog

Norwegian Nynorsk: sog

Perhaps from an earlier Proto-Germanic *sugą, being affected by a-umlaut. Anyhow related to súga.


bo

Late 10th century, Karlevi Runestone


svenska

strong feminine accusative singular of svenskr

weak masculine oblique singular of svenskr

strong masculine accusative plural of svenskr

weak feminine nominative singular of svenskr

weak neuter all cases singular of svenskr


skein

first/third-person singular past active indicative of skína


manga

non-conj-blank-full

Conjugation of manga — active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of manga — mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table

manga (infinitive)
mangandi (participle present)
mangaðr (participle past)
manga (first-person indicative present singular)
mangaða (first-person indicative past singular)
manga (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mangaða (first-person past singular subjunctive)
mangar (indicative present second-person singular)
mangaðir (indicative past second-person singular)
mangir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mangaðir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
mangar (indicative present singular third-person)
mangaði (indicative past singular third-person)
mangi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mangaði (past singular subjunctive third-person)
mǫngum (first-person indicative plural present)
mǫnguðum (first-person indicative past plural)
mangim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mangaðim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
mangið (indicative plural present second-person)
mǫnguðuð (indicative past plural second-person)
mangið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mangaðið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
manga (indicative plural present third-person)
mǫnguðu (indicative past plural third-person)
mangi (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mangaði (past plural subjunctive third-person)
manga (present second-person singular)
mǫngum (first-person plural present)
mangið (plural present second-person)
mangask (infinitive)
mangandisk (participle present)
mangazk (participle past)
mǫngumk (first-person indicative present singular)
mǫnguðumk (first-person indicative past singular)
mǫngumk (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mǫnguðumk (first-person past singular subjunctive)
mangask (indicative present second-person singular)
mangaðisk (indicative past second-person singular)
mangisk (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mangaðisk (past second-person singular subjunctive)
mangask (indicative present singular third-person)
mangaðisk (indicative past singular third-person)
mangisk (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mangaðisk (past singular subjunctive third-person)
mǫngumsk (first-person indicative plural present)
mǫnguðumsk (first-person indicative past plural)
mangimsk (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mangaðimsk (first-person past plural subjunctive)
mangizk (indicative plural present second-person)
mǫnguðuzk (indicative past plural second-person)
mangizk (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mangaðizk (past plural second-person subjunctive)
mangask (indicative plural present third-person)
mǫnguðusk (indicative past plural third-person)
mangisk (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mangaðisk (past plural subjunctive third-person)
mangask (present second-person singular)
mǫngumsk (first-person plural present)
mangizk (plural present second-person)

Icelandic: manga

Swedish: många

Borrowed from Old Saxon mangōn, from Proto-West Germanic *mangōn.


band

bands (genitive)
bǫnd (plural)
band (indefinite nominative singular)
bandit (definite nominative singular)
bǫnd (indefinite nominative plural)
bǫndin (definite nominative plural)
band (accusative indefinite singular)
bandit (accusative definite singular)
bǫnd (accusative indefinite plural)
bǫndin (accusative definite plural)
bandi (dative indefinite singular)
bandinu (dative definite singular)
bǫndum (dative indefinite plural)
bǫndunum (dative definite plural)
bands (genitive indefinite singular)
bandsins (definite genitive singular)
banda (genitive indefinite plural)
bandanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

band

Icelandic: band

Faroese: band

Norwegian Nynorsk: band

→ Norwegian Bokmål: band

Swedish: band

Danish: bånd

Norwegian Bokmål: bånd

lausn ok band allra vandamál

Svá skyldi goð gjalda, · gram reki bǫnd af lǫndum,
reið sé rǫgn ok Óðinn, · rǫ́n míns féar hǫ́num;[…]

c. 930, Egill Skallagrímsson, loose verse 21

So shall the Gods repay him—may the Divinities drive the ruler from the land; may the Powers and Odin be wroth—for the plunder of my wealth.

(plural only, heiti, Germanic paganism) the gods


sofa

head

sofa (singular present indicative sefr or søfr, singular past indicative svaf, plural past indicative sváfu or sófu, past participle sofinn)

sefr (indicative present singular)
søfr (indicative present singular)
svaf (indicative past singular)
sváfu (indicative past plural)
sófu (indicative past plural)
sofinn (participle past)
sofa (infinitive)
sofandi (participle present)
sofinn (participle past)
sef (first-person indicative present singular)
søf (first-person indicative present singular)
svaf (first-person indicative past singular)
sofa (first-person present singular subjunctive)
sœfa (first-person past singular subjunctive)
svæfa (first-person past singular subjunctive)
sefr (indicative present second-person singular)
søfr (indicative present second-person singular)
svaft (indicative past second-person singular)
sofir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
sœfir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
svæfir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
sefr (indicative present singular third-person)
søfr (indicative present singular third-person)
svaf (indicative past singular third-person)
sofi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sœfi (past singular subjunctive third-person)
svæfi (past singular subjunctive third-person)
sofum (first-person indicative plural present)
sófum (first-person indicative past plural)
sváfum (first-person indicative past plural)
sofim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sœfim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
svæfim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
sofið (indicative plural present second-person)
sófuð (indicative past plural second-person)
sváfuð (indicative past plural second-person)
sofið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sœfið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
svæfið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
sofa (indicative plural present third-person)
sófu (indicative past plural third-person)
sváfu (indicative past plural third-person)
sofi (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sœfi (past plural subjunctive third-person)
svæfi (past plural subjunctive third-person)
sof (present second-person singular)
sofum (first-person plural present)
sofið (plural present second-person)

Icelandic: sofa

Faroese: sova

Norwegian Nynorsk: sova, sove

Jamtish: sovo

Elfdalian: såvå

Old Swedish: sova

Swedish: sova

Old Danish: souæ

Danish: sove

Norwegian Bokmål: sove

Scanian: søva

Gutnish: syve


hart

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of harðr


help

first-person singular present indicative active of hjalpa


eng

non-decl-blank-full

eng

eng

eng (indefinite nominative singular)
engin (definite nominative singular)
engjar (indefinite nominative plural)
engjarnar (definite nominative plural)
eng (accusative indefinite singular)
engina (accusative definite singular)
engjar (accusative indefinite plural)
engjarnar (accusative definite plural)
eng (dative indefinite singular)
enginni (dative definite singular)
engjum (dative indefinite plural)
engjunum (dative definite plural)
engjar (genitive indefinite singular)
engjarinnar (definite genitive singular)
engja (genitive indefinite plural)
engjanna (definite genitive plural)
eng (indefinite nominative singular)
engit (definite nominative singular)
eng (indefinite nominative plural)
engin (definite nominative plural)
eng (accusative indefinite singular)
engit (accusative definite singular)
eng (accusative indefinite plural)
engin (accusative definite plural)
engi (dative indefinite singular)
enginu (dative definite singular)
engjum (dative indefinite plural)
engjunum (dative definite plural)
engs (genitive indefinite singular)
engsins (definite genitive singular)
engja (genitive indefinite plural)
engjanna (definite genitive plural)
engi (alternative)

Icelandic: eng f, engi n

Faroese: ong f

Norwegian Nynorsk: eng f, enge n

Norwegian Bokmål: eng f

Old Swedish: æng, ænge

Swedish: äng c

Danish: eng c

Norwegian Bokmål: eng m


eta

etu (genitive)
eta (indefinite nominative singular)
etan (definite nominative singular)
etur (indefinite nominative plural)
eturnar (definite nominative plural)
etu (accusative indefinite singular)
etuna (accusative definite singular)
etur (accusative indefinite plural)
eturnar (accusative definite plural)
etu (dative indefinite singular)
etunni (dative definite singular)
etum (dative indefinite plural)
etunum (dative definite plural)
etu (genitive indefinite singular)
etunnar (definite genitive singular)
etna (genitive indefinite plural)
etnanna (definite genitive plural)
jata (alternative)

eta

Norwegian Nynorsk: ete


eta

head

eta (singular past indicative át, plural past indicative átu, past participle etinn)

át (indicative past singular)
átu (indicative past plural)
etinn (participle past)
eta (infinitive)
etandi (participle present)
etinn (participle past)
et (first-person indicative present singular)
át (first-person indicative past singular)
eta (first-person present singular subjunctive)
æta (first-person past singular subjunctive)
etr (indicative present second-person singular)
ázt (indicative past second-person singular)
etir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ætir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
etr (indicative present singular third-person)
át (indicative past singular third-person)
eti (present singular subjunctive third-person)
æti (past singular subjunctive third-person)
etum (first-person indicative plural present)
átum (first-person indicative past plural)
etim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ætim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
etið (indicative plural present second-person)
átuð (indicative past plural second-person)
etið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ætið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
eta (indicative plural present third-person)
átu (indicative past plural third-person)
eti (plural present subjunctive third-person)
æti (past plural subjunctive third-person)
et (present second-person singular)
etum (first-person plural present)
etið (plural present second-person)
etask (infinitive)
etandisk (participle present)
etizk (participle past)
etumk (first-person indicative present singular)
átumk (first-person indicative past singular)
etumk (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ætumk (first-person past singular subjunctive)
ezk (indicative present second-person singular)
ázk (indicative past second-person singular)
etisk (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ætisk (past second-person singular subjunctive)
ezk (indicative present singular third-person)
ázk (indicative past singular third-person)
etisk (present singular subjunctive third-person)
ætisk (past singular subjunctive third-person)
etumsk (first-person indicative plural present)
átumsk (first-person indicative past plural)
etimsk (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ætimsk (first-person past plural subjunctive)
etizk (indicative plural present second-person)
átuzk (indicative past plural second-person)
etizk (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ætizk (past plural second-person subjunctive)
etask (indicative plural present third-person)
átusk (indicative past plural third-person)
etisk (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ætisk (past plural subjunctive third-person)
ezk (present second-person singular)
etumsk (first-person plural present)
etizk (plural present second-person)

non-conj-blank-full

Conjugation of eta — active (strong􂀽 class 5)

Conjugation of eta — mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 5)

non-conj-table

Icelandic: eta, éta

Faroese: eta

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: eta, ete; (dialectal) ita, åtå, øtå

Elfdalian: jätå

Old Swedish: æta
Swedish: äta

Old Danish: ætæ

Danish: æde

Norwegian Bokmål: ete

Scanian: æda

Gutnish: äte, jite, jeta

From Proto-Germanic *etaną, akin to Old English etan ( > English eat), Old Saxon etan, Old High German ezzan (> German essen), Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-. Non-Germanic cognates include Latin edō, Ancient Greek ἔδω (édō), Lithuanian ėsti, Latvian ēst, Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti) (whence Bulgarian ям (jam)), Russian е́сть (jéstʹ), Sanskrit अत्ति (átti), Old Armenian ուտեմ (utem), Hittite 𒂊𒀉𒈪 (e-id-mi).


stein

indefinite accusative singular of steinn


em

From Proto-Germanic *immi ("am"; a form of the verb *wesaną (“to be; dwell”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognate with English am, Gothic 𐌹𐌼 (im, “am”), Latin sum (“am”), Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Albanian jam (“I am”), Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Latvian esmu (“(I) am”), esam (“we are”).

gloss

"am"; a form of the verb <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*wesaną</i> (“to be; dwell”)

inh

I am, first-person of vera (meaning "to be")


sex

Icelandic: sex

Faroese: seks

Norn: siks

Norwegian Bokmål: seks

Norwegian Nynorsk: seks

Old Swedish: sæx, siæx

Swedish: sex

Old Danish: sæx, ᛋᛁᛆᚼᛋ, siahs

Danish: seks

Elfdalian: sjäks

Old Gutnish: siex

Gutnish: siex, sex

From Proto-Germanic *sehs, whence also Old English six (English six), Old Frisian sex, Old Saxon sehs, Middle Dutch sesse (Dutch zes), Old High German sehs (German sechs), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 (saihs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs, cognate with Sanskrit षष् (ṣaṣ), Old Armenian վեց (vecʻ), Ancient Greek ἕξ (héx).


es

From Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. Evolved to younger variant er. Compare vesa, vas (vera, var).

archaic form of er, third-person singular indicative present of vera


es

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).


laus

inflection of lauss:
strong feminine nominative singular


gras

grass (genitive)
grǫs (plural)
gras (indefinite nominative singular)
grasit (definite nominative singular)
grǫs (indefinite nominative plural)
grǫsin (definite nominative plural)
gras (accusative indefinite singular)
grasit (accusative definite singular)
grǫs (accusative indefinite plural)
grǫsin (accusative definite plural)
grasi (dative indefinite singular)
grasinu (dative definite singular)
grǫsum (dative indefinite plural)
grǫsunum (dative definite plural)
grass (genitive indefinite singular)
grassins (definite genitive singular)
grasa (genitive indefinite plural)
grasanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

gras

Icelandic: gras

Faroese: gras

Norwegian:

Bokmål: gress, gras (< *grasja-)

Norwegian Nynorsk: gras

Old Swedish: græs, gras (hapax legomena)

Swedish: gräs (< *grasja-)

Danish: græs (< *grasja-)

Elfdalian: gras

Gutnish: gras

From Proto-Germanic *grasą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (“to grow”).

der

[…] gap var ginnunga, / en gras hvergi.

Vǫluspá, verse 3, lines 7-8, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 1

[…] gap was of void, / but grass nowhere.

[…] fann hann þau grös sem manndragore heita, […]

Stjórn 51, in 1862, C. R. Unger, Stjórn: gammelnorsk Bibelhistorie: fra Verdens Skabelse til det babyloniske Fangenskab. Christiania, page 175

[…] he found the herb that was called mandrake, […]

(especially in the plural) a herb, usually with special powers


mega

mega (infinitive)
megandi (participle present)
megat (participle past)
mátt (participle past)
má (first-person indicative present singular)
mátta (first-person indicative past singular)
mega (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mætta (first-person past singular subjunctive)
mátt (indicative present second-person singular)
máttir (indicative past second-person singular)
megir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mættir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
má (indicative present singular third-person)
mátti (indicative past singular third-person)
megi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mætti (past singular subjunctive third-person)
megum (first-person indicative plural present)
máttum (first-person indicative past plural)
megim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mættim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
meguð (indicative plural present second-person)
máttuð (indicative past plural second-person)
megið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mættið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
megu (indicative plural present third-person)
máttu (indicative past plural third-person)
megi (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mætti (past plural subjunctive third-person)
meg (present second-person singular)
megum (first-person plural present)
meguð (plural present second-person)

Icelandic: mega

Faroese: mega

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: moga; (dialectal) mågå, måga, mòge

Old Danish: mughu, mughe

desctree

Old Swedish: magha, mugha, mogha
Swedish: må

⇒ Old Norse: mátti
Norwegian Nynorsk: måtta (infinitive), måtte
Norwegian Bokmål: måtte (also infinitive)
Old Swedish: mātte, māte
Swedish: måtte
Danish: måtte (also infinitive)

⇒ Old Norse: má
Icelandic: má
Faroese: má
Norwegian Nynorsk: må
Norwegian Bokmål: må
Old Swedish: mā
Swedish: må
Danish: må

ek vætr hánum / vinna máttak.

I was not at all able to struggle against him.

ok má at hans menn fari á land,

and it may be that his men are coming ashore


-um

armr → ǫrmum

used to form the dative plural of essentially all nouns and adjectives, as well as most pronouns

used to denote the 1st person plural forms in the active indicative and imperative forms of most verbs


net

non-decl-blank-full

net

net (indefinite nominative singular)
netit (definite nominative singular)
net (indefinite nominative plural)
netin (definite nominative plural)
net (accusative indefinite singular)
netit (accusative definite singular)
net (accusative indefinite plural)
netin (accusative definite plural)
neti (dative indefinite singular)
netinu (dative definite singular)
netjum (dative indefinite plural)
netjunum (dative definite plural)
nets (genitive indefinite singular)
netsins (definite genitive singular)
netja (genitive indefinite plural)
netjanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: net

Faroese: net

Norwegian: nett, net

Old Swedish: næt

Swedish: nät

Danish: net

From Proto-Germanic *natją, whence also Old English net, nett, Old Frisian nette, nitte, Old Saxon net, nett, netti, Old High German nezzi, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌹 (nati). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to turn, twist, knot”).


bar

first/third-person singular past indicative active of bera


nem

first-person singular present active indicative

second-person singular present active imperative


sel

non-decl-blank-full

sel

sel (indefinite nominative singular)
selit (definite nominative singular)
sel (indefinite nominative plural)
selin (definite nominative plural)
sel (accusative indefinite singular)
selit (accusative definite singular)
sel (accusative indefinite plural)
selin (accusative definite plural)
seli (dative indefinite singular)
selinu (dative definite singular)
seljum (dative indefinite plural)
seljunum (dative definite plural)
sels (genitive indefinite singular)
selsins (definite genitive singular)
selja (genitive indefinite plural)
seljanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: sel

Norwegian: sel

→ Danish: sæl

Norwegian Bokmål: sel

Old Swedish: *sæl (only in compounds, e.g. sælia boþ)

From Proto-Germanic *salją, diminutive of either *salą or *saliz.


sel

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

indefinite accusative singular of selr (“seal”)


sel

first-person singular active present indicative

second-person singular active imperative


ax

ax (genitive)
ǫx (plural)
ax (indefinite nominative singular)
axit (definite nominative singular)
ǫx (indefinite nominative plural)
ǫxin (definite nominative plural)
ax (accusative indefinite singular)
axit (accusative definite singular)
ǫx (accusative indefinite plural)
ǫxin (accusative definite plural)
axi (dative indefinite singular)
axinu (dative definite singular)
ǫxum (dative indefinite plural)
ǫxunum (dative definite plural)
ax (genitive indefinite singular)
axins (definite genitive singular)
axa (genitive indefinite plural)
axanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

ax

Icelandic: ax

Norwegian Nynorsk: aks

Norwegian Bokmål: aks

Old Swedish: ax

Swedish: ax

Danish: aks

From Proto-Germanic *ahsą, from *ahaz (“ear (of grain)”).


land

lands (genitive)
lǫnd (plural)
land (indefinite nominative singular)
landit (definite nominative singular)
lǫnd (indefinite nominative plural)
lǫndin (definite nominative plural)
land (accusative indefinite singular)
landit (accusative definite singular)
lǫnd (accusative indefinite plural)
lǫndin (accusative definite plural)
landi (dative indefinite singular)
landinu (dative definite singular)
lǫndum (dative indefinite plural)
lǫndunum (dative definite plural)
lands (genitive indefinite singular)
landsins (definite genitive singular)
landa (genitive indefinite plural)
landanna (definite genitive plural)

land

Icelandic: land

Faroese: land

Norn: land

Norwegian Nynorsk: land

Russenorsk: лань (lanʹ)

Old Swedish: land

Elfdalian: land

Swedish: land

Old Danish: land

Danish: land

Norwegian Bokmål: land

Scanian: lann

Old Gutnish: land

Gutnish: land, lande, landi

From Proto-Germanic *landą, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”). Cognate with Old Saxon land, Old Frisian land, lond, Old English land, lond, Old Dutch lant, Old High German lant, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 (land).


horn

horns (genitive)
horn (plural)
horn (indefinite nominative singular)
hornit (definite nominative singular)
horn (indefinite nominative plural)
hornin (definite nominative plural)
horn (accusative indefinite singular)
hornit (accusative definite singular)
horn (accusative indefinite plural)
hornin (accusative definite plural)
horni (dative indefinite singular)
horninu (dative definite singular)
hornum (dative indefinite plural)
hornunum (dative definite plural)
horns (genitive indefinite singular)
hornsins (definite genitive singular)
horna (genitive indefinite plural)
hornanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

horn

Icelandic: horn

Faroese: horn

Norn: honnj

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: horn, (dialectal) hønn, henn, haurn

Old Swedish: horn

Swedish: horn

Danish: horn

Norwegian Bokmål: horn

From Proto-Norse ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ (horna), from Proto-Germanic *hurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- or Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-. Cognates include Old English horn (English horn, Old Frisian horn (West Frisian hoarn), Old Saxon horn (Low German Hoorn, horn), Dutch hoorn, Old High German horn (German Horn), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn).


Reykjavík

Icelandic: Reykjavík

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Røykjavik (learned)

From reykir (plural of reykr (“smoke”)) + vík (“bay”).

af

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">reykr</i> (“smoke”)

Reykjavík (bay between Seltjarnarnes and the mouth of the Elliðaár and the farm nearby where Ingólfr Arnarson lived)


riga

non-conj-blank-full

Conjugation of riga — active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of riga — mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table

riga (infinitive)
rigandi (participle present)
rigaðr (participle past)
riga (first-person indicative present singular)
rigaða (first-person indicative past singular)
riga (first-person present singular subjunctive)
rigaða (first-person past singular subjunctive)
rigar (indicative present second-person singular)
rigaðir (indicative past second-person singular)
rigir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
rigaðir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
rigar (indicative present singular third-person)
rigaði (indicative past singular third-person)
rigi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
rigaði (past singular subjunctive third-person)
rigum (first-person indicative plural present)
riguðum (first-person indicative past plural)
rigim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rigaðim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
rigið (indicative plural present second-person)
riguðuð (indicative past plural second-person)
rigið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
rigaðið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
riga (indicative plural present third-person)
riguðu (indicative past plural third-person)
rigi (plural present subjunctive third-person)
rigaði (past plural subjunctive third-person)
riga (present second-person singular)
rigum (first-person plural present)
rigið (plural present second-person)
rigask (infinitive)
rigandisk (participle present)
rigazk (participle past)
rigumk (first-person indicative present singular)
riguðumk (first-person indicative past singular)
rigumk (first-person present singular subjunctive)
riguðumk (first-person past singular subjunctive)
rigask (indicative present second-person singular)
rigaðisk (indicative past second-person singular)
rigisk (present second-person singular subjunctive)
rigaðisk (past second-person singular subjunctive)
rigask (indicative present singular third-person)
rigaðisk (indicative past singular third-person)
rigisk (present singular subjunctive third-person)
rigaðisk (past singular subjunctive third-person)
rigumsk (first-person indicative plural present)
riguðumsk (first-person indicative past plural)
rigimsk (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rigaðimsk (first-person past plural subjunctive)
rigizk (indicative plural present second-person)
riguðuzk (indicative past plural second-person)
rigizk (plural present second-person subjunctive)
rigaðizk (past plural second-person subjunctive)
rigask (indicative plural present third-person)
riguðusk (indicative past plural third-person)
rigisk (plural present subjunctive third-person)
rigaðisk (past plural subjunctive third-person)
rigask (present second-person singular)
rigumsk (first-person plural present)
rigizk (plural present second-person)

to lift heavily or with difficulty [with dative]


est

second-person singular present active indicative of vera


ars

ars (genitive)
arsar (plural)
ars (indefinite nominative singular)
arsinn (definite nominative singular)
arsar (indefinite nominative plural)
arsarnir (definite nominative plural)
ars (accusative indefinite singular)
arsinn (accusative definite singular)
arsa (accusative indefinite plural)
arsana (accusative definite plural)
arsi (dative indefinite singular)
arsinum (dative definite singular)
ǫrsum (dative indefinite plural)
ǫrsunum (dative definite plural)
ars (genitive indefinite singular)
arsins (definite genitive singular)
arsa (genitive indefinite plural)
arsanna (definite genitive plural)
rass (alternative)

non-decl-blank-full

ars

Icelandic: ars

Faroese: arsur

Old Swedish: ars

⇒ Swedish: arsel, arsle

From Proto-Germanic *arsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁órsos (“arse”).


kalt

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of kaldr


vita

head

vita (singular past indicative vissi, plural past indicative vissu, past participle vitaðr)

vissi (indicative past singular)
vissu (indicative past plural)
vitaðr (participle past)
vita (infinitive)
vitandi (participle present)
vitaðr (participle past)
veit (first-person indicative present singular)
vissa (first-person indicative past singular)
vita (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vissa (first-person past singular subjunctive)
veizt (indicative present second-person singular)
vissir (indicative past second-person singular)
vitir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
vissir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
veit (indicative present singular third-person)
vissi (indicative past singular third-person)
viti (present singular subjunctive third-person)
vissi (past singular subjunctive third-person)
vitum (first-person indicative plural present)
vissum (first-person indicative past plural)
vitim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vissim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
vituð (indicative plural present second-person)
vissuð (indicative past plural second-person)
vitið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vissið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
vitu (indicative plural present third-person)
vissu (indicative past plural third-person)
viti (plural present subjunctive third-person)
vissi (past plural subjunctive third-person)
vit (present second-person singular)
vitum (first-person plural present)
vituð (plural present second-person)

Icelandic: vita

Faroese: vita

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: vita, veta (dialectal) væta, vætæ, vata, våtå, vytå, vøtå, voto, veita, vessta

Elfdalian: witå

desctree

Old Swedish: vita, ᚠᛁᛏᛆ (Runic)
Swedish: veta

Old Danish: witæ

Danish: vide

Norwegian Bokmål: vite

Scanian: veda

Gutnish: vite

From Proto-Germanic *witaną (“to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde (“to have seen, know”), originally a perfect form of *weyd- (“to see”).
Cognate with Old English witan, Old Frisian wita, Old Saxon witan, Old Dutch witan, Old High German wiȥȥan, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (witan).


berg

non-decl-blank-full

berg

berg (indefinite nominative singular)
bergit (definite nominative singular)
berg (indefinite nominative plural)
bergin (definite nominative plural)
berg (accusative indefinite singular)
bergit (accusative definite singular)
berg (accusative indefinite plural)
bergin (accusative definite plural)
bergi (dative indefinite singular)
berginu (dative definite singular)
bergum (dative indefinite plural)
bergunum (dative definite plural)
bergs (genitive indefinite singular)
bergsins (definite genitive singular)
berga (genitive indefinite plural)
berganna (definite genitive plural)
bjarg (alternative)

Icelandic: berg, bjarg

Faroese: berg, bjarg, bjørg

Norwegian: berg

→ Danish: berg (also from German)

Norwegian Bokmål: berg

desc

Elfdalian: bjärr, bjärg-, bjärgs-, bjärrs-

Old Swedish: biærgh, bærgh

Swedish: berg

Old Danish: biargh, biærgh, bærgh

Scanian: bjærğ

Danish: bjerg

Norwegian Bokmål: bjerg

Gutnish: berg, bjerg, bjerr

→ Scots: berg


agi

aga (genitive)
agi (indefinite nominative singular)
aginn (definite nominative singular)
agar (indefinite nominative plural)
agarnir (definite nominative plural)
aga (accusative indefinite singular)
agann (accusative definite singular)
aga (accusative indefinite plural)
agana (accusative definite plural)
aga (dative indefinite singular)
aganum (dative definite singular)
ǫgum (dative indefinite plural)
ǫgunum (dative definite plural)
aga (genitive indefinite singular)
agans (definite genitive singular)
aga (genitive indefinite plural)
aganna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

agi

Icelandic: agi

Faroese: agi

Norwegian Nynorsk: age, aga, agje, ågå

Norwegian Bokmål: age

Old Swedish: aghi

desc

Swedish: aga (from oblique case; pl. agor)

Danish: ave

desctree

→ Middle English: awe, age, aghe, aȝe, ahe, au, aue, aw
English: awe
Scots: awe, aw

From Proto-Germanic *agô, form of *agaz (“fear, dread”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂égʰos, from *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset, afraid”).


semi

third-person active present subjunctive of semja


arma

ǫrmu (genitive)
ǫrmur (plural)
arma (indefinite nominative singular)
arman (definite nominative singular)
ǫrmur (indefinite nominative plural)
ǫrmurnar (definite nominative plural)
ǫrmu (accusative indefinite singular)
ǫrmuna (accusative definite singular)
ǫrmur (accusative indefinite plural)
ǫrmurnar (accusative definite plural)
ǫrmu (dative indefinite singular)
ǫrmunni (dative definite singular)
ǫrmum (dative indefinite plural)
ǫrmunum (dative definite plural)
ǫrmu (genitive indefinite singular)
ǫrmunnar (definite genitive singular)
armna (genitive indefinite plural)
armnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

arma


morna

non-conj-blank-active

Conjugation of morna — impersonal, active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of morna — impersonal, mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table-impers

morna (infinitive)
mornaðr (participle past)
mornar (indicative present singular third-person)
mornaði (indicative past singular third-person)
morni (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mornaði (past singular subjunctive third-person)
morgna (alternative verb)

Icelandic: morgna


morna

non-conj-blank-full

Conjugation of morna — active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of morna — mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table

morna (infinitive)
mornandi (participle present)
mornaðr (participle past)
morna (first-person indicative present singular)
mornaða (first-person indicative past singular)
morna (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mornaða (first-person past singular subjunctive)
mornar (indicative present second-person singular)
mornaðir (indicative past second-person singular)
mornir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mornaðir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
mornar (indicative present singular third-person)
mornaði (indicative past singular third-person)
morni (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mornaði (past singular subjunctive third-person)
mornum (first-person indicative plural present)
mornuðum (first-person indicative past plural)
mornim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mornaðim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
mornið (indicative plural present second-person)
mornuðuð (indicative past plural second-person)
mornið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mornaðið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
morna (indicative plural present third-person)
mornuðu (indicative past plural third-person)
morni (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mornaði (past plural subjunctive third-person)
morna (present second-person singular)
mornum (first-person plural present)
mornið (plural present second-person)
mornask (infinitive)
mornandisk (participle present)
mornazk (participle past)
mornumk (first-person indicative present singular)
mornuðumk (first-person indicative past singular)
mornumk (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mornuðumk (first-person past singular subjunctive)
mornask (indicative present second-person singular)
mornaðisk (indicative past second-person singular)
mornisk (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mornaðisk (past second-person singular subjunctive)
mornask (indicative present singular third-person)
mornaðisk (indicative past singular third-person)
mornisk (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mornaðisk (past singular subjunctive third-person)
mornumsk (first-person indicative plural present)
mornuðumsk (first-person indicative past plural)
mornimsk (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mornaðimsk (first-person past plural subjunctive)
mornizk (indicative plural present second-person)
mornuðuzk (indicative past plural second-person)
mornizk (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mornaðizk (past plural second-person subjunctive)
mornask (indicative plural present third-person)
mornuðusk (indicative past plural third-person)
mornisk (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mornaðisk (past plural subjunctive third-person)
mornask (present second-person singular)
mornumsk (first-person plural present)
mornizk (plural present second-person)

Icelandic: morna

From Proto-Germanic *murnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to think; remember”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (maurnan) and English mourn.


dýr

dýrs (genitive)
dýr (plural)
dýr (indefinite nominative singular)
dýrit (definite nominative singular)
dýr (indefinite nominative plural)
dýrin (definite nominative plural)
dýr (accusative indefinite singular)
dýrit (accusative definite singular)
dýr (accusative indefinite plural)
dýrin (accusative definite plural)
dýri (dative indefinite singular)
dýrinu (dative definite singular)
dýrum (dative indefinite plural)
dýrunum (dative definite plural)
dýrs (genitive indefinite singular)
dýrsins (definite genitive singular)
dýra (genitive indefinite plural)
dýranna (definite genitive plural)
diūʀ (alternative)
djór (alternative)

non-decl-blank-full

dýr

Icelandic: dýr

Faroese: dýr, djór

Norwegian Nynorsk: dyr

From Proto-Norse *ᛞᛖᚢᛉᚨ (*deuʀa), Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewsóm.


lamb

lambs (genitive)
lǫmb (plural)
lamb (indefinite nominative singular)
lambit (definite nominative singular)
lǫmb (indefinite nominative plural)
lǫmbin (definite nominative plural)
lamb (accusative indefinite singular)
lambit (accusative definite singular)
lǫmb (accusative indefinite plural)
lǫmbin (accusative definite plural)
lambi (dative indefinite singular)
lambinu (dative definite singular)
lǫmbum (dative indefinite plural)
lǫmbunum (dative definite plural)
lambs (genitive indefinite singular)
lambsins (definite genitive singular)
lamba (genitive indefinite plural)
lambanna (definite genitive plural)

lamb

Icelandic: lamb

Faroese: lamb

Norn: lamb

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: lamb, lam; (dialectal) låm

Old Swedish: lamb

Swedish: lamm, lamb

Old Danish: lamb

Danish: lam

Norwegian Bokmål: lam

Gutnish: lamb

Scanian: lǫm


gel

first-person singular present active indicative of gala


frost

Icelandic: frost

Faroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic)

Norwegian: frost

Old Swedish: frost

Swedish: frost

Danish: frost

From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old High German frost.


sik

ek (first-person nominative singular)
þú (nominative second-person singular)
hann (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hón (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hǫ́n (feminine nominative singular third-person)
þat (neuter nominative singular third-person)
mik (accusative first-person singular)
þik (accusative second-person singular)
sik (accusative reflexive singular)
hann (accusative masculine singular third-person)
hana (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hána (accusative feminine singular third-person)
þat (accusative neuter singular third-person)
mér (dative first-person singular)
þér (dative second-person singular)
sér (dative reflexive singular)
hánum (dative masculine singular third-person)
hónum (dative masculine singular third-person)
hǫ́num (dative masculine singular third-person)
henni (dative feminine singular third-person)
því (dative neuter singular third-person)
mín (first-person genitive singular)
þín (genitive second-person singular)
sín (genitive reflexive singular)
hans (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hennar (feminine genitive singular third-person)
þess (genitive neuter singular third-person)
vit (dual first-person nominative)
it (dual nominative second-person)
þit (dual nominative second-person)
okkr (accusative dual first-person)
ykkr (accusative dual second-person)
sik (accusative dual reflexive)
okkr (dative dual first-person)
ykkr (dative dual second-person)
sér (dative dual reflexive)
okkar (dual first-person genitive)
ykkar (dual genitive second-person)
sín (dual genitive reflexive)
vér (first-person nominative plural)
ér (nominative plural second-person)
þér (nominative plural second-person)
þeir (masculine nominative plural third-person)
þær (feminine nominative plural third-person)
þau (neuter nominative plural third-person)
oss (accusative first-person plural)
yðr (accusative plural second-person)
sik (accusative plural reflexive)
þá (accusative masculine plural third-person)
þær (accusative feminine plural third-person)
þau (accusative neuter plural third-person)
oss (dative first-person plural)
yðr (dative plural second-person)
sér (dative plural reflexive)
þeim (dative masculine plural third-person)
þeim (dative feminine plural third-person)
þeim (dative neuter plural third-person)
vár (first-person genitive plural)
yðar (genitive plural second-person)
yðvar (genitive plural second-person)
sín (genitive plural reflexive)
þeira (genitive masculine plural third-person)
þeirra (genitive masculine plural third-person)
þeira (feminine genitive plural third-person)
þeirra (feminine genitive plural third-person)
þeira (genitive neuter plural third-person)
þeirra (genitive neuter plural third-person)

From Proto-Germanic *sek, whence also Old Saxon sik, Old High German sih.

oneself (myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves)


mik

Icelandic: mig

Faroese: meg

Norwegian: meg

Jamtish: meg

Old Swedish: mik

Swedish: mig, mek (Värmland, Västergötland)

Old Danish: mik, mæk

Danish: mig

From Proto-Germanic *mek (“me”), accusative of *ek (“I”). Cognate with Old English meċ, Old Saxon mik, Old High German mih, Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌺 (mik).

me (first-person accusative singular personal pronoun)


lik

lík (canonical neuter)
līk (indefinite nominative singular)
līkit (definite nominative singular)
līk (indefinite nominative plural)
līkin (definite nominative plural)
līk (accusative indefinite singular)
līkit (accusative definite singular)
līk (accusative indefinite plural)
līkin (accusative definite plural)
līki (dative indefinite singular)
līkinu (dative definite singular)
līkum (dative indefinite plural)
līkunum (dative definite plural)
līks (genitive indefinite singular)
līksins (definite genitive singular)
līka (genitive indefinite plural)
līkanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

lik


kom

first/third-person singular past active indicative


barn

barns (genitive)
bǫrn (plural)
barn (indefinite nominative singular)
barnit (definite nominative singular)
bǫrn (indefinite nominative plural)
bǫrnin (definite nominative plural)
barn (accusative indefinite singular)
barnit (accusative definite singular)
bǫrn (accusative indefinite plural)
bǫrnin (accusative definite plural)
barni (dative indefinite singular)
barninu (dative definite singular)
bǫrnum (dative indefinite plural)
bǫrnunum (dative definite plural)
barns (genitive indefinite singular)
barnsins (definite genitive singular)
barna (genitive indefinite plural)
barnanna (definite genitive plural)

barn

Icelandic: barn

Faroese: barn

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: badn, barn, bonn, bån

Norwegian Bokmål: barn

Jamtish: bǫ́rn

Old Swedish: barn

Swedish: barn

Old Danish: barn

Danish: barn

Gutnish: ban

From Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.


nei

Danish: nej

Faroese: nei, neiggj

Icelandic: nei

Norwegian: nei

Norwegian Bokmål: nei

Norwegian Nynorsk: nei

Swedish: nej

desctree

→ Middle English: nai, naie, nei, næi
English: nay
Yola: naay, na

From Proto-Germanic *nai (“never”), *nē (“not”), from Proto-Indo-European *né, *nē, *nēy (negative particle).


né

From Proto-Norse ᚾᛁ (ni), from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né (“not”). The word can be seen in fossilized prefixes such as nǫkkurr, neinn (né einn). It is still part of the core lexicon in modern Icelandic, it is used when negating conjunctions similar to English nor. Its cognates in the Old West/East Germanic languages are Old English ne, Old Frisian ne, ni, Old Saxon ne, ni, Old Dutch ne, Old High German ni, Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni).


né

Icelandic: né

From Proto-Germanic *nehw (“nor”), cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌷 (nih). From *ne (“not”) + *-hw (“and”).


vellum

first-person plural present indicative of vella

inflection of vella
first-person plural imperative of vella


anda

non-conj-blank-full

Conjugation of anda — active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of anda — mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table

anda (infinitive)
andandi (participle present)
andaðr (participle past)
anda (first-person indicative present singular)
andaða (first-person indicative past singular)
anda (first-person present singular subjunctive)
andaða (first-person past singular subjunctive)
andar (indicative present second-person singular)
andaðir (indicative past second-person singular)
andir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
andaðir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
andar (indicative present singular third-person)
andaði (indicative past singular third-person)
andi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
andaði (past singular subjunctive third-person)
ǫndum (first-person indicative plural present)
ǫnduðum (first-person indicative past plural)
andim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
andaðim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
andið (indicative plural present second-person)
ǫnduðuð (indicative past plural second-person)
andið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
andaðið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
anda (indicative plural present third-person)
ǫnduðu (indicative past plural third-person)
andi (plural present subjunctive third-person)
andaði (past plural subjunctive third-person)
anda (present second-person singular)
ǫndum (first-person plural present)
andið (plural present second-person)
andask (infinitive)
andandisk (participle present)
andazk (participle past)
ǫndumk (first-person indicative present singular)
ǫnduðumk (first-person indicative past singular)
ǫndumk (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ǫnduðumk (first-person past singular subjunctive)
andask (indicative present second-person singular)
andaðisk (indicative past second-person singular)
andisk (present second-person singular subjunctive)
andaðisk (past second-person singular subjunctive)
andask (indicative present singular third-person)
andaðisk (indicative past singular third-person)
andisk (present singular subjunctive third-person)
andaðisk (past singular subjunctive third-person)
ǫndumsk (first-person indicative plural present)
ǫnduðumsk (first-person indicative past plural)
andimsk (first-person plural present subjunctive)
andaðimsk (first-person past plural subjunctive)
andizk (indicative plural present second-person)
ǫnduðuzk (indicative past plural second-person)
andizk (plural present second-person subjunctive)
andaðizk (past plural second-person subjunctive)
andask (indicative plural present third-person)
ǫnduðusk (indicative past plural third-person)
andisk (plural present subjunctive third-person)
andaðisk (past plural subjunctive third-person)
andask (present second-person singular)
ǫndumsk (first-person plural present)
andizk (plural present second-person)

Faroese: anda

Icelandic: anda

Danish: ånde

Norwegian Bokmål: ånde

Old Swedish: anda

Swedish: andas

Norwegian Nynorsk: anda

From Proto-Germanic *anadōną (“to breathe”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”).


mjúkr

Faroese: mjúkur

Icelandic: mjúkur

Norwegian Nynorsk: mjuk

Norwegian Bokmål: mjuk

Old Swedish: miūker

Swedish: mjuk

Old Danish: miūk, miūgh

Danish: myg, miug (archaic)

Norwegian Bokmål: myk

English: meek

From Proto-Germanic *meukaz, from Proto-Indo-European *mewg- (“slimy, slippery”).


hét

first/third-person singular past active indicative of heita


ló

lóar (genitive)
lóar (plural)
ló (indefinite nominative singular)
lóin (definite nominative singular)
lóar (indefinite nominative plural)
lóarnar (definite nominative plural)
ló (accusative indefinite singular)
lóna (accusative definite singular)
lóar (accusative indefinite plural)
lóarnar (accusative definite plural)
ló (dative indefinite singular)
lónni (dative definite singular)
lóm (dative indefinite plural)
lónum (dative definite plural)
lóar (genitive indefinite singular)
lóarinnar (definite genitive singular)
lóa (genitive indefinite plural)
lóanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

ló

Icelandic: ló

Faroese: lón

Norwegian Nynorsk: lo f

Norwegian Bokmål: lo f

Swedish: löt

From Proto-Germanic *lauhō f, *lauhaz m, from Proto-Indo-European *lówkos, from the root *lewk- (“bright, to shine”). Cognate with Latin lūcus and Lithuanian laũkas.


ló

lóar (genitive)
lœr (plural)
ló (indefinite nominative singular)
lóin (definite nominative singular)
lœr (indefinite nominative plural)
lœrnar (definite nominative plural)
ló (accusative indefinite singular)
lóna (accusative definite singular)
lœr (accusative indefinite plural)
lœrnar (accusative definite plural)
ló (dative indefinite singular)
lónni (dative definite singular)
lóm (dative indefinite plural)
lónum (dative definite plural)
lóar (genitive indefinite singular)
lóarinnar (definite genitive singular)
lóa (genitive indefinite plural)
lóanna (definite genitive plural)
lóa (alternative)

ló

Faroese: lógv f

Icelandic: ló f, lóa f

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: lo f

Norwegian Bokmål: lo m or f


ló

first/third-person singular past indicative active of ljúga


vera

vera (infinitive)
vesa (infinitive)
verandi (participle present)
vesandi (participle present)
verinn (participle past)
vesinn (participle past)
em (first-person indicative present singular)
var (first-person indicative past singular)
vas (first-person indicative past singular)
sjá (first-person present singular subjunctive)
sé (first-person present singular subjunctive)
væra (first-person past singular subjunctive)
ert (indicative present second-person singular)
est (indicative present second-person singular)
vart (indicative past second-person singular)
vast (indicative past second-person singular)
sér (present second-person singular subjunctive)
séir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
værir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
er (indicative present singular third-person)
es (indicative present singular third-person)
var (indicative past singular third-person)
vas (indicative past singular third-person)
sé (present singular subjunctive third-person)
séi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
væri (past singular subjunctive third-person)
erum (first-person indicative plural present)
várum (first-person indicative past plural)
vǫ́rum (first-person indicative past plural)
sém (first-person plural present subjunctive)
værim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
eruð (indicative plural present second-person)
váruð (indicative past plural second-person)
vǫ́ruð (indicative past plural second-person)
séð (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sét (plural present second-person subjunctive)
værið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
eru (indicative plural present third-person)
váru (indicative past plural third-person)
vǫ́ru (indicative past plural third-person)
sé (plural present subjunctive third-person)
væri (past plural subjunctive third-person)
ver (present second-person singular)
ves (present second-person singular)
verið (plural present second-person)
vesið (plural present second-person)

Icelandic: vera

Faroese: vera

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: vera; (dialectal) vè, vårå, vørå, vørrø, vara, va

Jamtish: vara, ve

Elfdalian: wårå

desctree

Old Swedish: vara, væra, væræ
Swedish: vara

Old Danish: wæræ, waræ

Danish: være

Norwegian Bokmål: være

Old Gutnish: wara


myki

Danish: møg

→ Swedish: mög

Icelandic: myki, mykja

Norwegian Bokmål: møkk

Norwegian Nynorsk: myk

→ Middle English: muk, mok

English: muck

Scots: muk

Derived from Proto-Germanic *muk-, from Proto-Indo-European *mewg- (“slick, slimy”). Cognates include Middle English mok and muk (English muck).


olla

first-person singular past indicative active of valda


-ing

non-decl-f-o

Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words

non-decl-blank-full

-ing

-ing (indefinite nominative singular)
-ingin (definite nominative singular)
-ingar (indefinite nominative plural)
-ingarnar (definite nominative plural)
-ing (accusative indefinite singular)
-ingina (accusative definite singular)
-ingar (accusative indefinite plural)
-ingarnar (accusative definite plural)
-ingu (dative indefinite singular)
-ingunni (dative definite singular)
-ingum (dative indefinite plural)
-ingunum (dative definite plural)
-ingar (genitive indefinite singular)
-ingarinnar (definite genitive singular)
-inga (genitive indefinite plural)
-inganna (definite genitive plural)
-ung (alternative)

Icelandic: -ing, -ung

Faroese: -ing

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing

Norwegian Bokmål: -ing

Old Swedish: -ing, -ung

Swedish: -ing, -ung (fossilized)

Danish: -ing

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.


kala

non-conj-blank-active

Conjugation of kala — impersonal, active (strong􂀽 class 6)

Conjugation of kala — impersonal, mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 6)

non-conj-table-impers

kala (infinitive)
kalinn (participle past)
kell (indicative present singular third-person)
kól (indicative past singular third-person)
kali (present singular subjunctive third-person)
kœli (past singular subjunctive third-person)

Icelandic: kala

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: kala, (past participle) kalen

Swedish: kala (dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *kalaną, whence also Old English calan. Ultimately from an o-grade present of Proto-Indo-European *gel-.

mik kell

(impersonal) to cause to freeze [with accusative ‘someone’] (idiomatically translated as "freeze" with the accusative object as the subject)


und

undar (genitive)
undir (plural)
und (indefinite nominative singular)
undin (definite nominative singular)
undir (indefinite nominative plural)
undirnar (definite nominative plural)
und (accusative indefinite singular)
undina (accusative definite singular)
undir (accusative indefinite plural)
undirnar (accusative definite plural)
und (dative indefinite singular)
undinni (dative definite singular)
undum (dative indefinite plural)
undunum (dative definite plural)
undar (genitive indefinite singular)
undarinnar (definite genitive singular)
unda (genitive indefinite plural)
undanna (definite genitive plural)
und (indefinite nominative singular)
undin (definite nominative singular)
undar (indefinite nominative plural)
undarnar (definite nominative plural)
und (accusative indefinite singular)
undina (accusative definite singular)
undar (accusative indefinite plural)
undarnar (accusative definite plural)
und (dative indefinite singular)
undinni (dative definite singular)
undum (dative indefinite plural)
undunum (dative definite plural)
undar (genitive indefinite singular)
undarinnar (definite genitive singular)
unda (genitive indefinite plural)
undanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

und

und

Icelandic: und

Old Swedish: und

Danish: vunde (influenced by Low German)


toga

non-conj-blank-full

Conjugation of toga — active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of toga — mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table

toga (infinitive)
togandi (participle present)
togaðr (participle past)
toga (first-person indicative present singular)
togaða (first-person indicative past singular)
toga (first-person present singular subjunctive)
togaða (first-person past singular subjunctive)
togar (indicative present second-person singular)
togaðir (indicative past second-person singular)
togir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
togaðir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
togar (indicative present singular third-person)
togaði (indicative past singular third-person)
togi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
togaði (past singular subjunctive third-person)
togum (first-person indicative plural present)
toguðum (first-person indicative past plural)
togim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
togaðim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
togið (indicative plural present second-person)
toguðuð (indicative past plural second-person)
togið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
togaðið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
toga (indicative plural present third-person)
toguðu (indicative past plural third-person)
togi (plural present subjunctive third-person)
togaði (past plural subjunctive third-person)
toga (present second-person singular)
togum (first-person plural present)
togið (plural present second-person)
togask (infinitive)
togandisk (participle present)
togazk (participle past)
togumk (first-person indicative present singular)
toguðumk (first-person indicative past singular)
togumk (first-person present singular subjunctive)
toguðumk (first-person past singular subjunctive)
togask (indicative present second-person singular)
togaðisk (indicative past second-person singular)
togisk (present second-person singular subjunctive)
togaðisk (past second-person singular subjunctive)
togask (indicative present singular third-person)
togaðisk (indicative past singular third-person)
togisk (present singular subjunctive third-person)
togaðisk (past singular subjunctive third-person)
togumsk (first-person indicative plural present)
toguðumsk (first-person indicative past plural)
togimsk (first-person plural present subjunctive)
togaðimsk (first-person past plural subjunctive)
togizk (indicative plural present second-person)
toguðuzk (indicative past plural second-person)
togizk (plural present second-person subjunctive)
togaðizk (past plural second-person subjunctive)
togask (indicative plural present third-person)
toguðusk (indicative past plural third-person)
togisk (plural present subjunctive third-person)
togaðisk (past plural subjunctive third-person)
togask (present second-person singular)
togumsk (first-person plural present)
togizk (plural present second-person)

Faroese: toga

Icelandic: toga

Norwegian Nynorsk: toge


toga

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ek

ek (first-person nominative singular)
þú (nominative second-person singular)
hann (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hón (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hǫ́n (feminine nominative singular third-person)
þat (neuter nominative singular third-person)
mik (accusative first-person singular)
þik (accusative second-person singular)
sik (accusative reflexive singular)
hann (accusative masculine singular third-person)
hana (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hána (accusative feminine singular third-person)
þat (accusative neuter singular third-person)
mér (dative first-person singular)
þér (dative second-person singular)
sér (dative reflexive singular)
hánum (dative masculine singular third-person)
hónum (dative masculine singular third-person)
hǫ́num (dative masculine singular third-person)
henni (dative feminine singular third-person)
því (dative neuter singular third-person)
mín (first-person genitive singular)
þín (genitive second-person singular)
sín (genitive reflexive singular)
hans (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hennar (feminine genitive singular third-person)
þess (genitive neuter singular third-person)
vit (dual first-person nominative)
it (dual nominative second-person)
þit (dual nominative second-person)
okkr (accusative dual first-person)
ykkr (accusative dual second-person)
sik (accusative dual reflexive)
okkr (dative dual first-person)
ykkr (dative dual second-person)
sér (dative dual reflexive)
okkar (dual first-person genitive)
ykkar (dual genitive second-person)
sín (dual genitive reflexive)
vér (first-person nominative plural)
ér (nominative plural second-person)
þér (nominative plural second-person)
þeir (masculine nominative plural third-person)
þær (feminine nominative plural third-person)
þau (neuter nominative plural third-person)
oss (accusative first-person plural)
yðr (accusative plural second-person)
sik (accusative plural reflexive)
þá (accusative masculine plural third-person)
þær (accusative feminine plural third-person)
þau (accusative neuter plural third-person)
oss (dative first-person plural)
yðr (dative plural second-person)
sér (dative plural reflexive)
þeim (dative masculine plural third-person)
þeim (dative feminine plural third-person)
þeim (dative neuter plural third-person)
vár (first-person genitive plural)
yðar (genitive plural second-person)
yðvar (genitive plural second-person)
sín (genitive plural reflexive)
þeira (genitive masculine plural third-person)
þeirra (genitive masculine plural third-person)
þeira (feminine genitive plural third-person)
þeirra (feminine genitive plural third-person)
þeira (genitive neuter plural third-person)
þeirra (genitive neuter plural third-person)
iak (alternative)
-k (alternative enclitic)

Icelandic: eg, ég

Faroese: eg, jeg

Norn: eg

desc

Norwegian: ej, é, eig, í, æg, æj, æ, je, jæj (dialectal)

Norwegian Nynorsk: eg

Jamtish: jeg

Dalian: ik, ig

Elfdalian: ig

desctree

Old Swedish: iak, iæk, iag, iagh, iach (late), ᛁᛆᚴ, ᛁᛅᚴ (Runic)
Swedish: jag

Old Danish: iak, iæk, iægh, æk, ak

Danish: jeg, a, æ, ja, jæ (dialectal)

Norwegian Bokmål: jeg

Scanian: jağ

Jutish: æ

Old Gutnish: iek

From Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek, “I”), from Proto-Germanic *ek (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).

Hliods bið ec allar... (Codex Regius, circa 1270)
Hlioðs bið ek allar... (Hauksbók, circa 1306)
Hljóðs bið ek allar... (normalised orthography)

"Þótt þetta vandræði hafi nú borit oss at hendi, þá mun eigi langt til, at sama vandræði mun til yðvar koma, því at Haraldr, ætla ek, at skjótt mun hér koma, þá er hann hefir alla menn þrælkat ok áþját, sem hann vill, á Norðmæri ok í Raumsdal." (Norse)
translation by William Charles Green:

1220-1240, Egils saga, chapter 3, line 16

translation by Hallvard Lie:
Though this trouble have now lighted on our hand, 'twill not be long ere the same trouble shall come upon you; for Harald, I ween, will shortly hither come, soon as he hath all men thralled and enslaved, according to this will, in Northmere and Raumsdale.

Though this danger now touches us, before long the same will come to you; for Harold, as I ween, will hasten hither when he has enthralled and oppressed after his will all in North Mæra and Raumsdale.


mart

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of margr


abbatissa

non-noun

abbatissa f (genitive abbatissu, plural abbatissur)

abbatissu (genitive)
abbatissur (plural)
abbatissa (indefinite nominative singular)
abbatissan (definite nominative singular)
abbatissur (indefinite nominative plural)
abbatissurnar (definite nominative plural)
abbatissu (accusative indefinite singular)
abbatissuna (accusative definite singular)
abbatissur (accusative indefinite plural)
abbatissurnar (accusative definite plural)
abbatissu (dative indefinite singular)
abbatissunni (dative definite singular)
abbatissum (dative indefinite plural)
abbatissunum (dative definite plural)
abbatissu (genitive indefinite singular)
abbatissunnar (definite genitive singular)
abbatissna (genitive indefinite plural)
abbatissnanna (definite genitive plural)
abbadís (alternative)
abbadissa (alternative)

non-decl-blank-full

abbatissa

Borrowed from Latin abbātissa (“abbess”).


ala

head

ala (singular present indicative elr, singular past indicative ól, plural past indicative ólu, past participle alinn)

elr (indicative present singular)
ól (indicative past singular)
ólu (indicative past plural)
alinn (participle past)
ala (infinitive)
alandi (participle present)
alinn (participle past)
el (first-person present singular)
ól (first-person past singular)
elr (present second-person singular)
ólt (past second-person singular)
elr (present singular third-person)
ól (past singular third-person)
ǫlum (first-person plural present)
ólum (first-person past plural)
alið (plural present second-person)
óluð (past plural second-person)
ala (plural present third-person)
ólu (past plural third-person)
ala (first-person present singular)
ǿla (first-person past singular)
alir (present second-person singular)
ǿlir (past second-person singular)
ali (present singular third-person)
ǿli (past singular third-person)
alim (first-person plural present)
ǿlim (first-person past plural)
ǿlið (past plural second-person)
ali (plural present third-person)
ǿli (past plural third-person)
al (present second-person singular)
alask (infinitive)
alandisk (participle present)
alizk (participle past)
ǫlumk (first-person present singular)
ólumk (first-person past singular)
elsk (present second-person singular)
ólzk (past second-person singular)
elsk (present singular third-person)
ólsk (past singular third-person)
ǫlumsk (first-person plural present)
ólumsk (first-person past plural)
alizk (plural present second-person)
óluzk (past plural second-person)
alask (plural present third-person)
ólusk (past plural third-person)
ǿlumk (first-person past singular)
alisk (present second-person singular)
ǿlisk (past second-person singular)
alisk (present singular third-person)
ǿlisk (past singular third-person)
alimsk (first-person plural present)
ǿlimsk (first-person past plural)
ǿlizk (past plural second-person)
alisk (plural present third-person)
ǿlisk (past plural third-person)
alsk (present second-person singular)

Icelandic: ala

Faroese: ala

Norwegian Nynorsk: ala

Norwegian Bokmål: ale

Old Swedish: ala

Swedish: uppala

Old Danish: alæ

Old Gutnish: ala

From Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi, from *h₂el- (“to raise, feed, nourish”). Cognate with Old English alan and Latin alō.