send

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


in

inflection of inn:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


alna

inflection of alinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


pata

inflection of pati:
indefinite accusative/genitive plural


sama

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of samr (“same”):
strong masculine accusative plural


sama

inflection of samr (“same”):
masculine accusative plural


sama

inflection of sami:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of sami:
indefinite genitive plural


eta

etu (genitive)
eta (indefinite nominative singular)
etan (definite nominative singular)
etur (indefinite nominative plural)
eturnar (definite nominative plural)
etu (accusative indefinite singular)
etuna (accusative definite singular)
etur (accusative indefinite plural)
eturnar (accusative definite plural)
etu (dative indefinite singular)
etunni (dative definite singular)
etum (dative indefinite plural)
etunum (dative definite plural)
etu (genitive indefinite singular)
etunnar (definite genitive singular)
etna (genitive indefinite plural)
etnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

eta

Norwegian Nynorsk: ete


sik

ek (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þú (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hann (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hón (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hǫ́n (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
þat (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
hann (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hana (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hána (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
þat (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mér (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þér (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sér (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
hánum (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hónum (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hǫ́num (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
henni (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
því (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mín (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
þín (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sín (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
hans (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hennar (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
þess (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
vit (dual nominative personal pronoun)
it (dual nominative personal pronoun)
þit (dual nominative personal pronoun)
okkr (accusative dual personal pronoun)
ykkr (accusative dual personal pronoun)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun)
okkr (dative dual personal pronoun)
ykkr (dative dual personal pronoun)
sér (dative dual personal pronoun)
okkar (dual genitive personal pronoun)
ykkar (dual genitive personal pronoun)
sín (dual genitive personal pronoun)
vér (nominative personal plural pronoun)
ér (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þér (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þeir (masculine nominative personal plural pronoun)
þær (feminine nominative personal plural pronoun)
þau (neuter nominative personal plural pronoun)
oss (accusative personal plural pronoun)
yðr (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun)
þá (accusative masculine personal plural pronoun)
þær (accusative feminine personal plural pronoun)
þau (accusative neuter personal plural pronoun)
oss (dative personal plural pronoun)
yðr (dative personal plural pronoun)
sér (dative personal plural pronoun)
þeim (dative masculine personal plural pronoun)
þeim (dative feminine personal plural pronoun)
þeim (dative neuter personal plural pronoun)
vár (genitive personal plural pronoun)
yðar (genitive personal plural pronoun)
yðvar (genitive personal plural pronoun)
sín (genitive personal plural pronoun)
þeira (genitive masculine personal plural pronoun)
þeirra (genitive masculine personal plural pronoun)
þeira (feminine genitive personal plural pronoun)
þeirra (feminine genitive personal plural pronoun)
þeira (genitive neuter personal plural pronoun)
þeirra (genitive neuter personal plural pronoun)

From Proto-Germanic *sek, whence also Old Saxon sik, Old High German sih.

oneself (myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves)


band

bands (genitive)
bǫnd (plural)
band (indefinite nominative singular)
bandit (definite nominative singular)
bǫnd (indefinite nominative plural)
bǫndin (definite nominative plural)
band (accusative indefinite singular)
bandit (accusative definite singular)
bǫnd (accusative indefinite plural)
bǫndin (accusative definite plural)
bandi (dative indefinite singular)
bandinu (dative definite singular)
bǫndum (dative indefinite plural)
bǫndunum (dative definite plural)
bands (genitive indefinite singular)
bandsins (definite genitive singular)
banda (genitive indefinite plural)
bandanna (definite genitive plural)

band

Icelandic: band

Faroese: band

Norwegian Nynorsk: band

→ Norwegian Bokmål: band

Swedish: band

Danish: bånd

Norwegian Bokmål: bånd

Svá skyldi goð gjalda,
gram reki bǫnd af lǫndum,
reið sé rǫgn ok Óðinn,
rôn míns féar hônum;[…]

c. 930, Egill Skallagrímsson, loose verse 21

So shall the gods repay him—may the gods drive the ruler from the land; may the divine powers be wroth, and Odin—for the plunder of my wealth.

(plural only, heiti, Germanic paganism) the gods


guma

inflection of gumi:
indefinite accusative singular/plural


bana

inflection of bani:
accusative/genitive plural


-na

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural

inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
strong masculine accusative plural

inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):


-a

inflection of -i (masculine an-stem nouns):


-in

positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


sax

sax (genitive)
sǫx (plural)
sax (indefinite nominative singular)
saxit (definite nominative singular)
sǫx (indefinite nominative plural)
sǫxin (definite nominative plural)
sax (accusative indefinite singular)
saxit (accusative definite singular)
sǫx (accusative indefinite plural)
sǫxin (accusative definite plural)
saxi (dative indefinite singular)
saxinu (dative definite singular)
sǫxum (dative indefinite plural)
sǫxunum (dative definite plural)
sax (genitive indefinite singular)
saxins (definite genitive singular)
saxa (genitive indefinite plural)
saxanna (definite genitive plural)

sax

Icelandic: sax n

Faroese: saksur m

Norwegian Nynorsk: saks f

Norwegian Bokmål: saks m or f

Swedish: sax c

Danish: saks c

From Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“dagger, knife”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).


sett

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular/plural


alla

inflection of allr:
strong masculine accusative plural


gula

inflection of gulr:
strong masculine accusative plural


vissi

third-person plural past active subjunctive


grá

positive degree weak nominative/accusative/genitive plural


stig

stig

stig (indefinite nominative singular)
stigit (definite nominative singular)
stig (indefinite nominative plural)
stigin (definite nominative plural)
stig (accusative indefinite singular)
stigit (accusative definite singular)
stig (accusative indefinite plural)
stigin (accusative definite plural)
stigi (dative indefinite singular)
stiginu (dative definite singular)
stigum (dative indefinite plural)
stigunum (dative definite plural)
stigs (genitive indefinite singular)
stigsins (definite genitive singular)
stiga (genitive indefinite plural)
stiganna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: stig

Faroese: stig

Norwegian Nynorsk: steg

Norwegian Bokmål: steg


boga

inflection of bogi:
accusative/genitive plural


varma

inflection of varmr:
strong masculine accusative plural


sé

inflection of sjá:
third-person plural present subjunctive

inflection of vera:
third-person plural present subjunctive


bora

inflection of borr:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of borr:
indefinite genitive plural


sogna

inflection of soginn:
strong masculine accusative plural


login

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


haga

inflection of hagi:
accusative/genitive plural


kol

Icelandic: kol

Faroese: kol

Norwegian Nynorsk: kol

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kol

Jamtish: kuł

Old Swedish: kol, kul

Swedish: kol

Danish: kul

Norwegian Bokmål: kull

From Proto-Germanic *kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol-, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).


ara

inflection of ari:
accusative/genitive plural


efni

efnis (genitive)
efni (indefinite nominative singular)
efnit (definite nominative singular)
efni (indefinite nominative plural)
efnin (definite nominative plural)
efni (accusative indefinite singular)
efnit (accusative definite singular)
efni (accusative indefinite plural)
efnin (accusative definite plural)
efni (dative indefinite singular)
efninu (dative definite singular)
efnum (dative indefinite plural)
efnunum (dative definite plural)
efnis (genitive indefinite singular)
efnisins (definite genitive singular)
efna (genitive indefinite plural)
efnanna (definite genitive plural)

efni

Icelandic: efni

Faroese: evni

Norn: even

Norwegian: emne; (dialectal) evne, ebne

→ Danish: emne

Norwegian Bokmål: emne

Old Swedish: æfni

Swedish: ämne

Danish: evne

Norwegian Bokmål: evne

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: evne

Gutnish: ämne

desc

→ Middle English: efne, efene, evene, even

Scots: evyne, evyn, evin


stari

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


hver

inflection of hverr:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


skæri

non-decl-blank-plur

skæri

skæri (indefinite nominative plural)
skærin (definite nominative plural)
skæri (accusative indefinite plural)
skærin (accusative definite plural)
skærum (dative indefinite plural)
skærunum (dative definite plural)
skæra (genitive indefinite plural)
skæranna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: skæri n pl

Norwegian Nynorsk: skjære f


systkin

systkin

systkin (indefinite nominative plural)
systkinin (definite nominative plural)
systkin (accusative indefinite plural)
systkinin (accusative definite plural)
systkinum (dative indefinite plural)
systkinunum (dative definite plural)
systkina (genitive indefinite plural)
systkinanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: systkin

Faroese: systkin

Norwegian Bokmål: søsken

Norwegian Nynorsk: sysken, søsken

desctree

Old Danish: syzkini, syzkin, syskæn (Jutland)
Danish: søskende (plurale tantum)

Swedish: syskon

→ Scots: sutchkin

Derived from systir (“sister”) (or more correctly an old adjectival form of it, *swes(t)riga-) with the suffix *-īn(i)a indicating a relation between people as in the words feðgin (“a father and his daughter”) and mǿðgin (“a mother and her son”). Unrelated to the English kin.

systkinabǫrn

children of one's brother(s) or sister(s); nieces and nephews

systkinadœtr

daughters of one's brother(s) or sister(s); nieces

systkinadœtrasynir

sons of daughters of one's brother(s) or sister(s); great-nephews

systkinasonr

son of a sister on one's father's side, or son of a brother on one's mother's side


miðja

inflection of miðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


trúa

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural


áttatíu

Icelandic: áttatíu

Norwegian Nynorsk: åtti

Norwegian Bokmål: åtti

Swedish: åttio


opna

inflection of opinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


stór

positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


átta

inflection of áttr:
strong masculine accusative plural


hin

non-decl-adj-base

Declension of hinn

hinn (masculine nominative singular)
hin (feminine nominative singular)
hitt (neuter nominative singular)
hinn (accusative masculine singular)
hina (accusative feminine singular)
hitt (accusative neuter singular)
hinum (dative masculine singular)
hinni (dative feminine singular)
hinu (dative neuter singular)
hins (genitive masculine singular)
hinnar (feminine genitive singular)
hins (genitive neuter singular)
hinir (masculine nominative plural)
hinar (feminine nominative plural)
hin (neuter nominative plural)
hina (accusative masculine plural)
hinar (accusative feminine plural)
hin (accusative neuter plural)
hinum (dative masculine plural)
hinum (dative feminine plural)
hinum (dative neuter plural)
hinna (genitive masculine plural)
hinna (feminine genitive plural)
hinna (genitive neuter plural)

inflection of hinn:
neuter plural nominative/accusative


hin

Declension of hinn

hinn (masculine nominative singular)
hin (feminine nominative singular)
hit (neuter nominative singular)
hinn (accusative masculine singular)
hina (accusative feminine singular)
hit (accusative neuter singular)
hinum (dative masculine singular)
hinni (dative feminine singular)
hinu (dative neuter singular)
hins (genitive masculine singular)
hinnar (feminine genitive singular)
hins (genitive neuter singular)
hinir (masculine nominative plural)
hinar (feminine nominative plural)
hin (neuter nominative plural)
hina (accusative masculine plural)
hinar (accusative feminine plural)
hin (accusative neuter plural)
hinum (dative masculine plural)
hinum (dative feminine plural)
hinum (dative neuter plural)
hinna (genitive masculine plural)
hinna (feminine genitive plural)
hinna (genitive neuter plural)


langa

inflection of langr:
strong masculine plural accusative


gamla

inflection of gamall:
strong masculine accusative plural


tíðindi

Icelandic: tíðindi n pl

Faroese: tíðindi n pl

Norwegian Nynorsk: tidend f

desc

Old Swedish: tiþandi, tidhande, tidhinde, tidhende, tidende n (usually in pl)

Swedish: tidende c (rarely in sg)

Old Danish: tidinde, tinde, tidhande

Danish: tidende c

Norwegian Bokmål: tidende m

Gutnish: täiendar f pl

Finland lects: tidand, tidan n


læti

látum (dative)
læti (indefinite nominative plural)
lætin (definite nominative plural)
læti (accusative indefinite plural)
lætin (accusative definite plural)
látum (dative indefinite plural)
látunum (dative definite plural)
láta (genitive indefinite plural)
látanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-plur

læti

Icelandic: læti

Norwegian Nynorsk: læte


þrá

inflection of þrár:
strong masculine accusative plural


þrá

inflection of þrái m:
accusative/genitive plural indefinite


trú

positive degree weak nominative/accusative/dative plural


laun

laun

non-decl-blank-sing

laun

laun (indefinite nominative plural)
launin (definite nominative plural)
laun (accusative indefinite plural)
launin (accusative definite plural)
launum (dative indefinite plural)
laununum (dative definite plural)
launa (genitive indefinite plural)
launanna (definite genitive plural)
laun (indefinite nominative singular)
launin (definite nominative singular)
laun (accusative indefinite singular)
launina (accusative definite singular)
laun (dative indefinite singular)
launinni (dative definite singular)
launar (genitive indefinite singular)
launarinnar (definite genitive singular)

Icelandic: laun n pl

Norwegian: læn, læ (dialectal)

Swedish: lön c

Danish: løn c

Norwegian Bokmål: lønn m or f

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lønn f

→ Faroese: løn f

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: løn f

From Proto-Germanic *launą n. The mixing of the neuter plural and feminine singular is also seen in lǫg n pl or f (“law”).


gerð

gerðar (genitive)
gerðar (plural)
gerð (indefinite nominative singular)
gerðin (definite nominative singular)
gerðar (indefinite nominative plural)
gerðarnar (definite nominative plural)
gerð (accusative indefinite singular)
gerðina (accusative definite singular)
gerðar (accusative indefinite plural)
gerðarnar (accusative definite plural)
gerð (dative indefinite singular)
gerðinni (dative definite singular)
gerðum (dative indefinite plural)
gerðunum (dative definite plural)
gerðar (genitive indefinite singular)
gerðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
gerða (genitive indefinite plural)
gerðanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

gerð


minni

third-person singular/plural present subjunctive active


vilja

inflection of vili:
indefinite accusative singular/plural

inflection of vili:
indefinite genitive plural


ort

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular/plural


varar

inflection of vǫr:
nominative/accusative plural


festa

inflection of festr:
strong masculine accusative plural


óra

inflection of várr:
masculine accusative plural


inni

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


jól

jóla (genitive)
jól (indefinite nominative plural)
jólin (definite nominative plural)
jól (accusative indefinite plural)
jólin (accusative definite plural)
jólum (dative indefinite plural)
jólunum (dative definite plural)
jóla (genitive indefinite plural)
jólanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-plur

jól

Icelandic: jól

Faroese: jól

Norwegian Nynorsk: jol

Old Swedish: iūl

Swedish: jul

Old Danish: iūl

desctree

Danish: jul
Norwegian Bokmål: jul
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: jul (partially from an earlier East Nordic borrowing)
→ German: Jul
→ Dutch: joel
⇒ German: Julfest
→ Dutch: joelfeest
→ Greenlandic: juulli

Old Gutnish: iaul

→? Old French: jolif (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *jehwlą, *jeulō, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *yekə- (“joke, play”).


vinda

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural


beru

positive degree weak nominative/accusative/genitive plural


hina

non-decl-adj-base

Declension of hinn

inflection of hinn:
masculine plural accusative


hina

Declension of hinn


langi

third-person plural present subjunctive active


marga

inflection of margr:
strong masculine accusative plural


seri

third-person plural past active subjunctive


lof

non-decl-blank-full

lof

lof (indefinite nominative singular)
lofit (definite nominative singular)
lof (indefinite nominative plural)
lofin (definite nominative plural)
lof (accusative indefinite singular)
lofit (accusative definite singular)
lof (accusative indefinite plural)
lofin (accusative definite plural)
lofi (dative indefinite singular)
lofinu (dative definite singular)
lofum (dative indefinite plural)
lofunum (dative definite plural)
lofs (genitive indefinite singular)
lofsins (definite genitive singular)
lofa (genitive indefinite plural)
lofanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: lof

Faroese: lov

Norwegian Nynorsk: lov

Norwegian Bokmål: lov

Old Swedish: lof

Swedish: lov, lof (pre-1906 spelling)

Danish: lov

From Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”), whence also German Lob. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”).

þeir skulu ráða lǫgum ok lofum


eina

inflection of einn:
strong masculine accusative plural


brún

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


hás

positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


há

inflection of hár:
indefinite genitive plural

inflection of hár:
indefinite accusative/genitive plural


Alvíssmál

non-decl-blank-plur-indef

Alvíssmál

Alvíssmál (indefinite nominative)
Alvíssmál (accusative indefinite)
Alvíssmálum (dative indefinite)
Alvíssmála (genitive indefinite)

the Speeches of All-wise; a poem of the Poetic Edda.


leka

inflection of leki:
indefinite accusative/genitive plural


halla

inflection of hallr:
strong masculine accusative plural


saltara

inflection of saltari (“psalter”):
accusative plural

inflection of saltari (“psalter”):
genitive plural


salta

inflection of saltr (“salty”):
strong masculine accusative plural


suma

inflection of sumr:
masculine accusative plural


mín

inflection of mínn:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


Lundúnir

London (the capital city of the modern United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Uppsalir

Uppsala (genitive)
Uppsalir (indefinite nominative)
Uppsali (accusative indefinite)
Uppsǫlum (dative indefinite)
Uppsala (genitive indefinite)

Uppsalir

Icelandic: Uppsalir

Jamtish: Ufsale

Swedish: Uppsala (see there for further)

→ English: Uppsala

→ French: Uppsala

Literally “upper halls, upper dwellings”, from upp (“up”) + salir (“halls, rooms”, plural of salr).

compound

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">salr</i>

Uppsala (a city in eastern central Sweden)


Færeyjar

non-decl-blank-plur

Færeyjar

Færeyjar (indefinite nominative plural)
Færeyjarnar (definite nominative plural)
Færeyjar (accusative indefinite plural)
Færeyjarnar (accusative definite plural)
Færeyjum (dative indefinite plural)
Færeyjunum (dative definite plural)
Færeyja (genitive indefinite plural)
Færeyjanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Færeyjar

Faroese: Føroyar

Norwegian Nynorsk: Færøyane

Norwegian Bokmål: Færøyene

Swedish: Färöarna

desctree

Danish: Færøerne
→ Dutch: Faeröer
→ Dutch Low Saxon: Faeröer
→ Italian: Fær Øer
Sardinian: Fær Øer
Sicilian: Ìsuli Fær Øer
Venetian: Ixołe Fær Øer

→ German: Färöer
Lower Sorbian: Färöje
Upper Sorbian: Färöje

A compound of fær (“sheep”) and eyjar (“islands”).


geng

inflection of gengr:
nominative/accusative plural neuter


tól

non-decl-blank-plur

tól

tól (indefinite nominative plural)
tólin (definite nominative plural)
tól (accusative indefinite plural)
tólin (accusative definite plural)
tólum (dative indefinite plural)
tólunum (dative definite plural)
tóla (genitive indefinite plural)
tólanna (definite genitive plural)

Faroese: tól n

Icelandic: tól n

Norwegian Nynorsk: tol n

Old Swedish: tol

From Proto-Germanic *tōlą (“tool”). Cognate with Old English tōl.

[…] tangir skópu, / ok tól görðu.

Vǫluspá, verse 3, lines 7-8, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 1


stíga

inflection of stígr:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of stígr:
indefinite genitive plural


vísa

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural


vísa

inflection of vísi:
indefinite accusative/genitive plural


meina

inflection of meinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


góða

inflection of góðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


drukkin

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


benda

strong feminine nominative/accusative plural


ljósalfar

Margir staðir eru þar gǫfugligir. Sá er einn staðr þar, er kallaðr er Álfheimr. Þar byggvir fólk þat, er Ljósálfar heita, en Dǫkkálfar búa niðri í jǫrðu, ok eru þeir ólíkir þeim sýnum ok miklu ólíkari reyndum. Ljósálfar eru fegri en sól sýnum, en Dǫkkálfar eru svartari en bik."

c. 1220, Sturluson, Snorri. Gylfaginning (The Fooling Of Gylfe)

"There are many magnificient dwellings. One is there called Alfheim. There dwell the folk that are called light-elves; but the dark-elves dwell down in the earth, and they are unlike the light-elves in appearance, but much more so in deeds. The light-elves are fairer than the sun to look upon, but the dark-elves are blacker than pitch."

(Norse mythology) The "light elves", the elves who dwell in the heavens.


mælti

third-person plural past active subjunctive


enda

inflection of endi:
accusative singular/plural


fjaðrar

inflection of fjǫðr:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


einum

inflection of einn:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


setta

inflection of settr:
strong masculine accusative plural


drukkna

inflection of drukkinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


áttu

inflection of átti:
plural nominative/accusative/genitive


feðgar

feðgar

feðgar (indefinite nominative plural)
feðgarnir (definite nominative plural)
feðga (accusative indefinite plural)
feðgana (accusative definite plural)
feðgum (dative indefinite plural)
feðgunum (dative definite plural)
feðga (genitive indefinite plural)
feðganna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: feðgar

Faroese: feðgar

Norwegian Nynorsk: fegge m

Old Swedish: faþghær, fæþghar

From earlier *faðrigar, derived from faðir (“father”), compare feðgin (“father and mother”).

feðgar tveir


einu

weak masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


mínum

inflection of mínn:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


mína

inflection of mínn:
masculine accusative plural


dó

third-person plural past active indicative


okkur

inflection of okkarr:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


þín

inflection of þínn:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


geri

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


minning

non-noun

minning f (genitive minningar, dative minningu)

minningar (genitive)
minningu (dative)
minning (indefinite nominative singular)
minningin (definite nominative singular)
minningar (indefinite nominative plural)
minningarnar (definite nominative plural)
minning (accusative indefinite singular)
minningina (accusative definite singular)
minningar (accusative indefinite plural)
minningarnar (accusative definite plural)
minningu (dative indefinite singular)
minningunni (dative definite singular)
minningum (dative indefinite plural)
minningunum (dative definite plural)
minningar (genitive indefinite singular)
minningarinnar (definite genitive singular)
minninga (genitive indefinite plural)
minninganna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

minning

Icelandic: minning

Norwegian Nynorsk: minning

Norwegian Bokmål: minning


tekin

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


jarðar

inflection of jǫrð:
nominative/accusative plural


skíra

inflection of skírr:
strong masculine accusative plural


sín

inflection of sínn:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


legna

inflection of leginn:
strong masculine accusative plural


leikin

positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


leikin

past participle strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


illum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


borna

inflection of borinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


-la

inflection of -ill (agent noun):
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of -ill (agent noun):
indefinite genitive plural

inflection of -ill (diminutive noun):
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of -ill (diminutive noun):
indefinite genitive plural

inflection of -ull (diminutive noun):
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of -ull (diminutive noun):
indefinite genitive plural


dyrr

dura (genitive)
dyrr (indefinite nominative plural)
dyrnar (definite nominative plural)
dyrr (accusative indefinite plural)
dyrnar (accusative definite plural)
durum (dative indefinite plural)
dyrum (dative indefinite plural)
durunum (dative definite plural)
dyrunum (dative definite plural)
dura (genitive indefinite plural)
dyra (genitive indefinite plural)
duranna (definite genitive plural)
dyranna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-plur

dyrr

Icelandic: dyr pl

Faroese: dyr pl

Norn: dør

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: dør

Norwegian Nynorsk: dør

Jamtish: dẃr

Elfdalian: dörer

Old Swedish: dyr

Swedish: dörr

Scanian: dør

Danish: dør

Gutnish: dur, duri

From Proto-Germanic *durz (“door”), *duriz (“doors”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door, gate”).


laka

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural


laka

inflection of laki:
indefinite accusative/genitive plural


tekna

inflection of tekinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


heitin

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


nafar

inflection of nǫf:
nominative/accusative plural


frama

inflection of frami:
accusative/genitive plural


dugi

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


sifjar

From the plural of Proto-Germanic *sibjō. Cognate with Old English sibb (“relationship; peace”).

cog

a kinship; an affinity connection by marriage


vindu

positive degree weak plural nominative/accusative/genitive


yður

inflection of yðvarr:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


rakka

inflection of rakki:
accusative/genitive plural


skipti

skiptis (genitive)
skipti (indefinite nominative singular)
skiptit (definite nominative singular)
skipti (indefinite nominative plural)
skiptin (definite nominative plural)
skipti (accusative indefinite singular)
skiptit (accusative definite singular)
skipti (accusative indefinite plural)
skiptin (accusative definite plural)
skipti (dative indefinite singular)
skiptinu (dative definite singular)
skiptum (dative indefinite plural)
skiptunum (dative definite plural)
skiptis (genitive indefinite singular)
skiptisins (definite genitive singular)
skipta (genitive indefinite plural)
skiptanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

skipti

Icelandic: skipti

Swedish: skifte

From skipta (“to change”), from earlier Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną (“to put in order, arrange”).

der

(plural only) dealings, transactions, disputes, fights


Suðreyjar

English: Sodor

Faroese: Suðuroyggjar f pl

Icelandic: Suðureyjar f pl

Literally “south isles”, from suðr (“south”) + ey (“island”).


Vestmannaeyjar

Faroese: Vestmannaoyggjar

Icelandic: Vestmannaeyjar

From Vestmaðr (“Briton, Irishman, Gael”) + ey (“island”).

af

the Westman Islands, an archipelago off the south coast of Iceland


Orkneyjar

non-decl-blank-plur

Orkneyjar

Orkneyjar (indefinite nominative plural)
Orkneyjarnar (definite nominative plural)
Orkneyjar (accusative indefinite plural)
Orkneyjarnar (accusative definite plural)
Orkneyjum (dative indefinite plural)
Orkneyjunum (dative definite plural)
Orkneyja (genitive indefinite plural)
Orkneyjanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Orkneyjar f pl

Faroese: Orknoyggjar f pl

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: Orknøyar f pl; (definite form) Orknøyane, Orknøyarne

Norwegian Bokmål: Orknøyene m pl or f pl

Swedish: Orknöarna c pl

Danish: Ørkenøerne c pl

→ English: Orkney, Orkneys, Orkney Islands

Adapted from a Pictish word (perhaps from Proto-Celtic *ɸorkos (“pig”)), with a suffixed eyjar (“islands”). Compare Latin Orcades.


tóm

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


fræva

inflection of frær:
strong masculine accusative plural


hám

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


farra

inflection of farri:
accusative singular/plural


eggjar

inflection of egg:
nominative/accusative plural


illu

weak masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


yngst

superlative degree strong neuter nominative/accusative singular/plural


hvǫss

positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


hvíld

past participle strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


unna

Past participle forms of vinna (“to win”).

inflection of unninn:
strong masculine accusative plural


rúnar

inflection of rún:
nominative/accusative plural


hverfi

third-person singular/plural present subjunctive active


feðgin

non-decl-blank-full

feðgin

feðgin (indefinite nominative singular)
feðginit (definite nominative singular)
feðgin (indefinite nominative plural)
feðginin (definite nominative plural)
feðgin (accusative indefinite singular)
feðginit (accusative definite singular)
feðgin (accusative indefinite plural)
feðginin (accusative definite plural)
feðgini (dative indefinite singular)
feðgininu (dative definite singular)
feðginum (dative indefinite plural)
feðginunum (dative definite plural)
feðgins (genitive indefinite singular)
feðginsins (definite genitive singular)
feðgina (genitive indefinite plural)
feðginanna (definite genitive plural)


leku

positive degree weak nominative/accusative/genitive plural


nýt

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


fola

inflection of foli:
accusative singular/plural


meinbugir

Icelandic: meinbugur

Á þessum ráðum liggja stórir meinbugir, þvíat þat er it mesta Kristni-spell skírðum mönnum at eta hross.

impediments which make it sinful or wicked to do a thing

Finnask nokkurir þeir menn er þar vita meinbugi á, þá skulu þeir segja til fyrir brúðlaup, segja þeir eigi fyrr til meinbuga en brúðlaup er gört, þá skal engi maðr þeim þar um trúa, nema þeir hafi svá í fjarska verit, at þau tíðendi hafi eigi til þeirra komit.

ef nökkur veit þar meinbugi á, skal hann segja til þeirra í tíma eða þegja síðan

(Can we date this quote?), Icelandi Prayer Book

If any doth know of any impediments, let him speak them in time or keep his silence later.

(esp of marriages) the forbidding the banns


barar

→ Middle Irish: bara

Irish: bara


vitra

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural

inflection of vitr:
positive degree strong genitive plural


teina

inflection of teinn:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of teinn:
indefinite genitive plural


reri

third-person plural past active subjunctive


alnar

inflection of alin:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural

inflection of ǫln:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


komna

inflection of kominn:
strong masculine accusative plural


skorna

inflection of skorinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


saltari

comparative degree nominative/accusative/genitive plural


fornum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


tignum

first-person plural present indicative/subjunctive active

inflection of tigna:
first-person plural imperative active


saxar

non-decl-blank-plur

saxar

saxar (indefinite nominative plural)
saxarnir (definite nominative plural)
saxa (accusative indefinite plural)
saxana (accusative definite plural)
sǫxum (dative indefinite plural)
sǫxunum (dative definite plural)
saxa (genitive indefinite plural)
saxanna (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Nynorsk: saksar m

Norwegian Bokmål: sakser m

Derived from Proto-West Germanic *sahs (“knife, dagger”), and akin to English Saxon.


firar

non-decl-blank-plur

firar

firar (indefinite nominative plural)
firarnir (definite nominative plural)
fira (accusative indefinite plural)
firana (accusative definite plural)
firum (dative indefinite plural)
firunum (dative definite plural)
fira (genitive indefinite plural)
firanna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic *firhwijaz (“men, people”), from Proto-Germanic *ferhuz (“body, life”). Cognate with Old English fīras, Old Saxon fīrihos, Old High German fīraha, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus).


herða

inflection of herðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


vís

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


fagra

inflection of fagr:
positive degree strong genitive plural


brunna

inflection of bruðr:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of bruðr:
indefinite genitive plural

inflection of brunnr:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of brunnr:
indefinite genitive plural


brunna

inflection of brunninn:
strong masculine accusative plural


galna

inflection of galinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


skapta

inflection of skaptr:
strong masculine accusative plural

inflection of skapiðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


yngsta

superlative degree strong masculine accusative plural


bundna

inflection of bundinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


fallna

inflection of fallinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


segi

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


regin

non-decl-blank-plur

regin

regin (indefinite nominative plural)
reginin (definite nominative plural)
regin (accusative indefinite plural)
reginin (accusative definite plural)
rǫgnum (dative indefinite plural)
rǫgnunum (dative definite plural)
ragna (genitive indefinite plural)
ragnanna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Norse *ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᚨ (*ragina) (attested in ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᚨᚲᚢᛞᛟ (raginakudo)), Proto-Germanic *raginą (“advice, decision”). Cognate with Old English reġn-, Old Saxon regin-, regan-, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽 (ragin).

inh

Þá gengu regin ǫll / á rǫkstóla, […]

Vǫluspá, verse 6, lines 1-2, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2

Then went all the gods / on the seats of doom, […]

(plural only, Germanic paganism) the gods, the ruling powers


þýði

third-person singular/plural present subjunctive active


kalda

inflection of kaldr:
strong masculine accusative plural


bakka

inflection of bakki:
indefinite accusative singular/plural

inflection of bakki:
indefinite genitive plural


barma

inflection of barmi:
accusative/genitive plural


berum

first-person plural present indicative active

inflection of bera (“to carry”):
first-person plural imperative active

inflection of bera (“to make bare”):
first-person plural imperative active


brotin

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


fornu

weak masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


kunni

third-person singular/plural present/past active subjunctive


berjum

inflection of berja:
first-person plural imperative active


berið

second-person plural present indicative/subjunctive active

inflection of bera (“to carry”):
second-person plural imperative active

inflection of bera (“to make bare”):
second-person plural imperative active

inflection of berja (“to beat”):
second-person plural imperative active


saltið

second-person plural active present indicative

second-person plural active present subjunctive

inflection of salta:
second-person plural active imperative


innyfli

non-decl-blank-plur

innyfli

innyfli (indefinite nominative plural)
innyflin (definite nominative plural)
innyfli (accusative indefinite plural)
innyflin (accusative definite plural)
innyflum (dative indefinite plural)
innyflunum (dative definite plural)
innyfla (genitive indefinite plural)
innyflanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: innyfli

Norwegian Nynorsk: innvol m

Norwegian Bokmål: innvoll m


ragnarǫk

/ˈrɑɣ.nɑ̃ˌrɒk/

From regin (“gods”) + rǫk (“fate, judgment”).

Geyr Garmr mjǫk
fyr[ir] Gnípahelli;
festr man slitna,
en freki renna.
Fram sé ek lengra,
fjǫld kann ek segja
um ragnarǫk

the Vǫluspá (Hauksbók version, with normalized orthography)

Garm bays loudly
before Gnipahellir;
the fetter shall break,
and the greedy wolf [shall] run.
For I see far [i.e. much],
I can say a lot
about the fate of the gods (Ragnarok),
the strong deities.

Hvárt eru þat svik ein,
er ek sjá þykkjumk,
eða ragnarǫk,
ríða menn dauðir, […]

Vǫlsungakviða in forna, Helgakviða Hundingsbana II, verse 39, 40 or 41

Is this a deception,
which I think I see,
or the doom of the gods (Ragnarok)
that dead men ride, […] ?


borum

inflection of bora:
first-person plural imperative active


brenda

inflection of brendr:
strong masculine accusative plural


gátt

gáttar (genitive)
gáttir (plural)
gátt (indefinite nominative singular)
gáttin (definite nominative singular)
gáttir (indefinite nominative plural)
gáttirnar (definite nominative plural)
gátt (accusative indefinite singular)
gáttina (accusative definite singular)
gáttir (accusative indefinite plural)
gáttirnar (accusative definite plural)
gátt (dative indefinite singular)
gáttinni (dative definite singular)
gáttum (dative indefinite plural)
gáttunum (dative definite plural)
gáttar (genitive indefinite singular)
gáttarinnar (definite genitive singular)
gátta (genitive indefinite plural)
gáttanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

gátt

Icelandic: gátt, gætt

Faroese: gátt

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: gått; (dialectal) gótt, gøtt

Elfdalian: gą̊t

From Proto-Germanic *ganhtiz (“the act of going”).

inh

verse 1 of the Hávamál
Gáttir allar, / áðr gangi fram, / um skoðask skyli, / um skyggnask skyli, / því at óvíst er at vita, / hvar óvinir / sitja á fleti fyrir.

[at] all doorways, / ere one goes forth, / one should spy, / one should be keen, / for 'tis impossible to know, / where foes / sit on the floor within.


rekna

inflection of rekinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


tíðum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


mikla

inflection of mikill:
strong masculine accusative plural


fírar

non-decl-blank-plur

fírar

fírar (indefinite nominative plural)
fírarnir (definite nominative plural)
fíra (accusative indefinite plural)
fírana (accusative definite plural)
fírum (dative indefinite plural)
fírunum (dative definite plural)
fíra (genitive indefinite plural)
fíranna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: fírar, firar


mjǫt

mjǫt

mjǫt (indefinite nominative plural)
mjǫtin (definite nominative plural)
mjǫt (accusative indefinite plural)
mjǫtin (accusative definite plural)
mjǫtum (dative indefinite plural)
mjǫtunum (dative definite plural)
mjǫta (genitive indefinite plural)
mjǫtanna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic *metą (“measure”). Cognate with Old English met, Old Saxon met, Old High German mez.

Kann ek mæla miöt / Of manna ſiöt. […]

Höfuðlausn, verse 19, lines 3-4, in 1838, Grønlands Historiske Mindesmærker, Volume II. Copenhagen, page 454

Know I the right measure of words / In front of the audience. […]


rǫk

rǫk

rǫk (indefinite nominative plural)
rǫkin (definite nominative plural)
rǫk (accusative indefinite plural)
rǫkin (accusative definite plural)
rǫkum (dative indefinite plural)
rǫkunum (dative definite plural)
raka (genitive indefinite plural)
rakanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: rök n

From Proto-Germanic *rakō (“unravelling, tale”). Cognate with Old English racu, Old Saxon raka, Old High German rahha, racha.


ossum

inflection of várr:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


ljónar

non-decl-blank-plur

ljónar

ljónar (indefinite nominative plural)
ljónarnir (definite nominative plural)
ljóna (accusative indefinite plural)
ljónana (accusative definite plural)
ljónum (dative indefinite plural)
ljónunum (dative definite plural)
ljóna (genitive indefinite plural)
ljónanna (definite genitive plural)

Probably ultimately from Proto-Germanic *liudiz (“men, people”).


langniðjar

langniðjar

langniðjar (indefinite nominative plural)
langniðjarnir (definite nominative plural)
langniðja (accusative indefinite plural)
langniðjana (accusative definite plural)
langniðjum (dative indefinite plural)
langniðjunum (dative definite plural)
langniðja (genitive indefinite plural)
langniðjanna (definite genitive plural)

From langr (“long”) + niðr (“son, kinsman, relative”).

compound

descending lineage on the father’s side, counted downwards; paternal descendants


hvít

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


beitt

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular/plural


englar

non-decl-blank-plur

englar

englar (indefinite nominative plural)
englarnir (definite nominative plural)
engla (accusative indefinite plural)
englana (accusative definite plural)
englum (dative indefinite plural)
englunum (dative definite plural)
engla (genitive indefinite plural)
englanna (definite genitive plural)


þýðingar

inflection of þýðing:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


skagi

third-person singular/plural present subjunctive active


kvalar

inflection of kvǫl:
nominative/accusative plural


bleika

inflection of bleikr:
strong masculine accusative plural


drukna

inflection of drukkinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


gjalla

inflection of gjallr:
strong masculine accusative plural


ǫr

positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


hvassari

comparative degree nominative/accusative/genitive plural


stigna

inflection of stiginn:
strong masculine accusative plural


hjarna

inflection of hjarni:
accusative singular/plural


teita

inflection of teitr:
strong masculine accusative plural


flugur

inflection of fluga:
nominative plural indefinite

inflection of fluga:
accusative plural indefinite


væna

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural


genga

inflection of gengr:
strong accusative masculine plural


sumin

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


sadda

inflection of saddr:
strong masculine accusative plural


áttatigir

non-decl-blank-plur-indef

áttatigir

áttatigir (indefinite nominative)
áttatigu (accusative indefinite)
áttatigum (dative indefinite)
áttatiga (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: áttatíu

Norwegian Nynorsk: åtti

Norwegian Bokmål: åtti

Swedish: åttio

From átta (“eight”) + tigir (“amounts of ten”).

compound

áttatigir manna eru á skipi mínu


venzl

fyrir venzla sakir


hœnsn

Gutnish: hyns n pl

Elfdalian: yöns n

Danish: høns c pl

Icelandic: hænsn n

Norwegian Bokmål: høns n pl

Norwegian Nynorsk: høns n pl

Swedish: höns n


stadda

inflection of staddr:
strong masculine accusative plural


meini

third-person singular/plural present subjunctive active


feðr

inflection of faðir:
nominative/accusative plural indefinite


nætr

inflection of nátt:
nominative/accusative plural indefinite


ǫrvar

inflection of ǫr:
nominative/accusative plural indefinite


merar

inflection of merr:
nominative/accusative plural indefinite


sjóvar

inflection of sjór:
nominative plural indefinite


frænda

inflection of frændi:
genitive plural indefinite


trǫf

non-decl-blank-full

trǫf

trǫf (indefinite nominative singular)
trǫfin (definite nominative singular)
trefr (indefinite nominative plural)
trefrnar (definite nominative plural)
trǫf (accusative indefinite singular)
trǫfina (accusative definite singular)
trefr (accusative indefinite plural)
trefrnar (accusative definite plural)
trǫf (dative indefinite singular)
trǫfinni (dative definite singular)
trǫfum (dative indefinite plural)
trǫfunum (dative definite plural)
trafar (genitive indefinite singular)
trafarinnar (definite genitive singular)
trafa (genitive indefinite plural)
trafanna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic *trabō, an -ō-stem noun.


garnar

inflection of gǫrn:
nominative/accusative plural indefinite


hrœrar

hrœra (genitive)
hrœrar (indefinite nominative plural)
hrœrarnir (definite nominative plural)
hrœra (accusative indefinite plural)
hrœrana (accusative definite plural)
hrœrum (dative indefinite plural)
hrœrunum (dative definite plural)
hrœra (genitive indefinite plural)
hrœranna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-plur

hrœrar

Norwegian Nynorsk: røyr


bíðendr

bíðendr

bíðendr (indefinite nominative plural)
bíðendrnir (definite nominative plural)
bíðendr (accusative indefinite plural)
bíðendrna (accusative definite plural)
bíðǫndum (dative indefinite plural)
bíðǫndunum (dative definite plural)
bíðanda (genitive indefinite plural)
bíðandanna (definite genitive plural)

someone waiting, that waits for something


klókindi

klókindi

klókindi (indefinite nominative plural)
klókindin (definite nominative plural)
klókindi (accusative indefinite plural)
klókindin (accusative definite plural)
klókindum (dative indefinite plural)
klókindunum (dative definite plural)
klókinda (genitive indefinite plural)
klókindanna (definite genitive plural)


bjargaurar

bjargaurar

bjargaurar (indefinite nominative plural)
bjargaurarnir (definite nominative plural)
bjargaura (accusative indefinite plural)
bjargaurana (accusative definite plural)
bjargaurum (dative indefinite plural)
bjargaurunum (dative definite plural)
bjargaura (genitive indefinite plural)
bjargauranna (definite genitive plural)

From bjarga (“to save”) + eyrir (“money”).


landaurar

landaurar

landaurar (indefinite nominative plural)
landaurarnir (definite nominative plural)
landaura (accusative indefinite plural)
landaurana (accusative definite plural)
landaurum (dative indefinite plural)
landaurunum (dative definite plural)
landaura (genitive indefinite plural)
landauranna (definite genitive plural)

"land-dues", a special tax or toll that Icelanders had to pay to the king on their arrival in Norway.


verðaurar

verðaurar

verðaurar (indefinite nominative plural)
verðaurarnir (definite nominative plural)
verðaura (accusative indefinite plural)
verðaurana (accusative definite plural)
verðaurum (dative indefinite plural)
verðaurunum (dative definite plural)
verðaura (genitive indefinite plural)
verðauranna (definite genitive plural)


lǫg

lagar (genitive)
lǫg (indefinite nominative plural)
lǫgin (definite nominative plural)
lǫg (accusative indefinite plural)
lǫgin (accusative definite plural)
lǫgum (dative indefinite plural)
lǫgunum (dative definite plural)
laga (genitive indefinite plural)
laganna (definite genitive plural)
lǫg (indefinite nominative singular)
lǫgin (definite nominative singular)
lagar (indefinite nominative plural)
lagarnar (definite nominative plural)
lǫg (accusative indefinite singular)
lǫgina (accusative definite singular)
lagar (accusative indefinite plural)
lagarnar (accusative definite plural)
lǫg (dative indefinite singular)
lǫginni (dative definite singular)
lǫgum (dative indefinite plural)
lǫgunum (dative definite plural)
lagar (genitive indefinite singular)
lagarinnar (definite genitive singular)
laga (genitive indefinite plural)
laganna (definite genitive plural)

lǫg

non-decl-f-o

The feminine form is only used for lǫg in the sense of law(s).

non-decl-blank-full

lǫg

Old West Norse:

Icelandic: lög n pl

Faroese: løg-

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: log f; (dialectal) løg f

Old East Norse:

Old Swedish: lagh f

Swedish: lag c

→ Finnish: laki

Old Danish: lagh, logh, ᛚᚮᚼ n pl or f

Danish: lov c

Norwegian Bokmål: lov

→ Faroese: lóg f

→ Norwegian: lov f or m (partially through Bokmål)

→ Old English: lagu f

Middle English: lawe, laȝe, laugh, laue

English: law

Scots: law

From lag n, from Proto-Germanic *lagą. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie (in a resting position)”).

Danalǫg

laws of the Danes or the lands thereunder; Danelaw

lǫgleiða

to bring (a freed man) to the privileges of the law; to introduce as law

lǫgmál

prescription, rule of law; mutual agreement

lǫgræningr

a man who has been cheated of his lawful right

lǫgskil

pleadings or proceedings as prescribed in the law

lǫgsǫgn

the jurisdiction of, office of, or declaration made by a "lǫgmaðr"

Þrǿndalǫg

laws of the Thronds/Throwends or the lands thereunder; Trøndelag

verse 20 of Vǫluspá
þær lǫg lǫgðu, þær líf kuru / alda bǫrnum ørlǫg segja

Laws they made there, and life allotted / to the sons of men, and set their fates.

(uncountable, plural only) situation, the condition that one is given by default

(plural only) participation or fellowship in law


burðr

non-noun

burðr m (genitive burðar, plural burðir)

burðar (genitive)
burðir (plural)
burðr (indefinite nominative singular)
burðrinn (definite nominative singular)
burðir (indefinite nominative plural)
burðirnir (definite nominative plural)
burð (accusative indefinite singular)
burðinn (accusative definite singular)
burði (accusative indefinite plural)
burðina (accusative definite plural)
burð (dative indefinite singular)
burðinum (dative definite singular)
burðum (dative indefinite plural)
burðunum (dative definite plural)
burðar (genitive indefinite singular)
burðarins (definite genitive singular)
burða (genitive indefinite plural)
burðanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

burðr

Icelandic: burður

Faroese: burður

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: byrd

Norwegian Nynorsk: burd

desctree

Old Swedish: byrþ, byrþe, biurdh, børdh, ᛒᛦᚱᚦ
Swedish: börda

Danish: byrd

Old Gutnish: byrþ

From Proto-Germanic *burþiz f, from *beraną (“to bear”).

heiðinn at burðum


ǫnn

annar (genitive)
annir (plural)
ǫnn (indefinite nominative singular)
ǫnnin (definite nominative singular)
annir (indefinite nominative plural)
annirnar (definite nominative plural)
ǫnn (accusative indefinite singular)
ǫnnina (accusative definite singular)
annir (accusative indefinite plural)
annirnar (accusative definite plural)
ǫnn (dative indefinite singular)
ǫnninni (dative definite singular)
ǫnnum (dative indefinite plural)
ǫnnunum (dative definite plural)
annar (genitive indefinite singular)
annarinnar (definite genitive singular)
anna (genitive indefinite plural)
annanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

ǫnn

Icelandic: önn

Norwegian Nynorsk: onn

Norwegian Bokmål: onn

Old Swedish: an, and

Swedish: (archaic or dialectal) and, ann

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *azaniz, whence also German Ernte (“harvest”).


lǫgum

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

inflection of laga:
first-person plural indicative present

inflection of laga:
first-person plural imperative


lǫgn

non-noun

lǫgn f or n pl (genitive lagnar or lagna)

lagnar (genitive)
lagna (genitive)
lǫgn (indefinite nominative singular)
lǫgnin (definite nominative singular)
lǫgn (accusative indefinite singular)
lǫgnina (accusative definite singular)
lǫgn (dative indefinite singular)
lǫgninni (dative definite singular)
lagnar (genitive indefinite singular)
lagnarinnar (definite genitive singular)
lǫgn (indefinite nominative plural)
lǫgnin (definite nominative plural)
lǫgn (accusative indefinite plural)
lǫgnin (accusative definite plural)
lǫgnum (dative indefinite plural)
lǫgnunum (dative definite plural)
lagna (genitive indefinite plural)
lagnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-sing

lǫgn

non-decl-blank-plur

lǫgn


stǫðu

masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural weak


gǫng

ganga (genitive)
gǫng (indefinite nominative plural)
gǫngin (definite nominative plural)
gǫng (accusative indefinite plural)
gǫngin (accusative definite plural)
gǫngum (dative indefinite plural)
gǫngunum (dative definite plural)
ganga (genitive indefinite plural)
ganganna (definite genitive plural)

gǫng


árr

árar (genitive)
ærir (plural)
árr (indefinite nominative singular)
árrinn (definite nominative singular)
ærir (indefinite nominative plural)
ærirnir (definite nominative plural)
ár (accusative indefinite singular)
árinn (accusative definite singular)
áru (accusative indefinite plural)
áruna (accusative definite plural)
æri (dative indefinite singular)
ærinum (dative definite singular)
árum (dative indefinite plural)
árunum (dative definite plural)
árar (genitive indefinite singular)
árarins (definite genitive singular)
ára (genitive indefinite plural)
áranna (definite genitive plural)
ǫ́rr (indefinite nominative singular)
ǫ́rrinn (definite nominative singular)
ærir (indefinite nominative plural)
ærirnir (definite nominative plural)
ǫ́r (accusative indefinite singular)
ǫ́rinn (accusative definite singular)
ǫ́ru (accusative indefinite plural)
ǫ́runa (accusative definite plural)
æri (dative indefinite singular)
ærinum (dative definite singular)
ǫ́rum (dative indefinite plural)
ǫ́runum (dative definite plural)
árar (genitive indefinite singular)
árarins (definite genitive singular)
ára (genitive indefinite plural)
áranna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

árr

árr

From Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Gothic airus (“messenger”).


sygnir

non-decl-blank-plur

sygnir

sygnir (indefinite nominative plural)
sygnirnir (definite nominative plural)
sygni (accusative indefinite plural)
sygnina (accusative definite plural)
sygnum (dative indefinite plural)
sygnunum (dative definite plural)
sygna (genitive indefinite plural)
sygnanna (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Nynorsk: sygn m


egðir

egðir

egðir (indefinite nominative plural)
egðirnir (definite nominative plural)
egði (accusative indefinite plural)
egðina (accusative definite plural)
egðum (dative indefinite plural)
egðunum (dative definite plural)
egða (genitive indefinite plural)
egðanna (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Nynorsk: egd m, egde m

Norwegian Bokmål: egd m, egde m


svíar

svíar

svíar (indefinite nominative plural)
svíarnir (definite nominative plural)
svía (accusative indefinite plural)
svíana (accusative definite plural)
svíum (dative indefinite plural)
svíunum (dative definite plural)
svía (genitive indefinite plural)
svíanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Svíi sg

Faroese: svii, svíi sg

Old Swedish: swēar, swīar pl

Swedish: svear pl

Norwegian Nynorsk: svear pl

Norwegian Bokmål: svear pl

→ Old East Slavic: свѣи pl (svěi)

Russian: свей m (svej)

From Proto-Germanic *swihaniz, plural of *swihô, of further unknown origin. Cognate with Old English Swēon, Gothic *𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃 (*swaihans), Latin Suiōnēs.


danir

danir

danir (indefinite nominative plural)
danirnir (definite nominative plural)
dani (accusative indefinite plural)
danina (accusative definite plural)
dǫnum (dative indefinite plural)
dǫnunum (dative definite plural)
dana (genitive indefinite plural)
dananna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Dani

Faroese: dani

Norwegian Nynorsk: dane, dan

Old Swedish: dan, dæn

Swedish: dan (plural daner)

Danish: dan, dane

Norwegian Bokmål: dane

→ Middle English: Dane

English: Dane

→ Old Irish: danar

Irish: danar

→ Latin: Danī pl


frakkar

frakkar

frakkar (indefinite nominative plural)
frakkarnir (definite nominative plural)
frakka (accusative indefinite plural)
frakkana (accusative definite plural)
frǫkkum (dative indefinite plural)
frǫkkunum (dative definite plural)
frakka (genitive indefinite plural)
frakkanna (definite genitive plural)

desc

Icelandic: Frakkar m pl (“(the) French, Frenchmen”)

Norwegian Nynorsk: frankar m

Norwegian Bokmål: franker m

Old Swedish: franker m pl

Swedish: franker c

Danish: franker c

From Proto-Germanic *frankô m (“spear, javelin; Frank”), whence also Old Norse frakka f (“spear”).
The link between the name of a weapon and a Germanic people group is also seen with saxar m pl (“Saxons”) being derived from Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“knife, dagger”).


írar

non-decl-blank-plur

írar

írar (indefinite nominative plural)
írarnir (definite nominative plural)
íra (accusative indefinite plural)
írana (accusative definite plural)
írum (dative indefinite plural)
írunum (dative definite plural)
íra (genitive indefinite plural)
íranna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Íri

Faroese: íri

Norwegian Nynorsk: ire

Norwegian Bokmål: ire

→? Old English: Īras

Borrowed from Old Irish Ériu (“Ireland”), from Primitive Irish *Īweriū, from Proto-Celtic *Φīweryū (“Ireland”), from Proto-Indo-European *piHweryon-, from *piHwer- (“to swell”).


kastaða

inflection of kastaðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


hlekkr

non-noun

hlekkr m (genitive hlekks or hlekkjar, plural hlekkir)

hlekks (genitive)
hlekkjar (genitive)
hlekkir (plural)
hlekkr (indefinite nominative singular)
hlekkrinn (definite nominative singular)
hlekkir (indefinite nominative plural)
hlekkirnir (definite nominative plural)
hlekk (accusative indefinite singular)
hlekkinn (accusative definite singular)
hlekki (accusative indefinite plural)
hlekkina (accusative definite plural)
hlekk (dative indefinite singular)
hlekkinum (dative definite singular)
hlekkjum (dative indefinite plural)
hlekkjunum (dative definite plural)
hlekkjar (genitive indefinite singular)
hlekks (genitive indefinite singular)
hlekkjarins (definite genitive singular)
hlekksins (definite genitive singular)
hlekkja (genitive indefinite plural)
hlekkjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

hlekkr

Icelandic: hlekkur

Norwegian Nynorsk: lenkje f

Elfdalian: lekk

desctree

Old Swedish: lænker
Swedish: länk
→ Finnish: lenkki

Danish: lænke

Norwegian Bokmål: lenke


vaki

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


smyrsl

Icelandic: smyrsl

Faroese: smyrsl

Norwegian Nynorsk: smyrsl, smørsel


ørlǫg

Icelandic: örlög; örlygi

>? Norwegian: orlog

Swedish: örlig

>? Danish: orlog


hagldir

non-decl-blank-plur

hagldir

hagldir (indefinite nominative plural)
hagldirnar (definite nominative plural)
hagldir (accusative indefinite plural)
hagldirnar (accusative definite plural)
hǫgldum (dative indefinite plural)
hǫgldunum (dative definite plural)
haglda (genitive indefinite plural)
hagldanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: högld

Norwegian Nynorsk: hegd, hogd, hogold

Norwegian Bokmål: hegd m or f

a kind of buckle used to run a rope through with which hay is trussed


stóru

positive degree weak nominative/accusative/genitive plural


Jórsalir

Jórsala (genitive)
Jórsalir (indefinite nominative)
Jórsali (accusative indefinite)
Jórsǫlum (dative indefinite)
Jórsala (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-plur-indef

Jórsalir

Faroese: Jorsalir

>? Old Swedish: Iōrsala

Swedish: Jorsala

Norwegian Bokmål: Jorsal

Jerusalem (a city in Levant; the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of modern Israel; the claimed capital city of modern Palestine)


togna

nonlemma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

inflection of toginn:
strong masculine accusative plural


randar

inflection of rǫnd:
nominative/accusative plural


kvánbœnir

non-decl-blank-plur

kvánbœnir

kvánbœnir (indefinite nominative plural)
kvánbœnirnar (definite nominative plural)
kvánbœnir (accusative indefinite plural)
kvánbœnirnar (accusative definite plural)
kvánbœnum (dative indefinite plural)
kvánbœnunum (dative definite plural)
kvánbœna (genitive indefinite plural)
kvánbœnanna (definite genitive plural)

Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu 5.
Ok um morgininn ríðr Gunnlaugr upp á Gilsbakka ok bað fǫður sinn ríða til kvánbæna með sér út til Borgar.


jótar

jótar

jótar (indefinite nominative plural)
jótarnir (definite nominative plural)
jóta (accusative indefinite plural)
jótana (accusative definite plural)
jótum (dative indefinite plural)
jótunum (dative definite plural)
jóta (genitive indefinite plural)
jótanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Jóti

Faroese: júti

Norwegian Nynorsk: jute

Old Danish: iutæ

Danish: jyde

Norwegian Bokmål: jyde

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: jyde

Old Swedish: iūte

Swedish: jute (pl. jutar)

[…]þás árgjǫrn / Jóta dolgi

9th c., Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Ynglingatal, verse 5

[…] Then, when the harvest-eager / kin of the Swedes
had to sacrifice / the enemy of the Jutes.


kvikvendi

non-decl-blank-full

kvikvendi

kvikvendi (indefinite nominative singular)
kvikvendit (definite nominative singular)
kvikvendi (indefinite nominative plural)
kvikvendin (definite nominative plural)
kvikvendi (accusative indefinite singular)
kvikvendit (accusative definite singular)
kvikvendi (accusative indefinite plural)
kvikvendin (accusative definite plural)
kvikvendi (dative indefinite singular)
kvikvendinu (dative definite singular)
kvikvendum (dative indefinite plural)
kvikvendunum (dative definite plural)
kvikvendis (genitive indefinite singular)
kvikvendisins (definite genitive singular)
kvikvenda (genitive indefinite plural)
kvikvendanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: kvikindi

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvikende, kvikinde, kvikjende; (dialectal) kjukand, kjåkånd, kjakande, kjokande, kjokand, kjøkald

Swedish: (dialectal) kvikkände


skaga

From Proto-Germanic *skag- (“to emerge, stick out”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek-, *(s)keg- (“to jump, skip, move, hurry”). See also modern English shag.

inh

inflection of skagi:
indefinite accusative/genitive plural


gó

third-person plural past active indicative


blandin

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


mestu

weak superlative degree masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


røri

third-person plural past active subjunctive


syngið

second-person plural present active indicative/subjunctive/imperative

second-person plural past active subjunctive


gengu

weak nominative/accusative/genitive masculine/feminine/neuter plural


sína

inflection of sínn:
masculine accusative plural


ylli

third-person plural past subjunctive active


ertr

ertra (genitive)
ertr (indefinite nominative plural)
ertrnar (definite nominative plural)
ertr (accusative indefinite plural)
ertrnar (accusative definite plural)
ertrum (dative indefinite plural)
ertrunum (dative definite plural)
ertra (genitive indefinite plural)
ertranna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-plur

ertr

Icelandic: erta f

Faroese: ertur f

Norwegian Nynorsk: ert f, erter f

Norwegian Bokmål: ert m or f

Swedish: ärt c, ärta c

Danish: ært c

From Proto-Germanic *arwīts (“pea”), though possibly borrowed from Low German.


ǫll

inflection of allr:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


spakari

nominative/accusative/dative plural comparative degree


spǫk

inflection of spakr:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


spǫkustu

weak nominative/accusative/genitive plural superlative degree


spǫkustum

inflection of spakr:
dative plural superlative degree


spakasta

strong superlative degree masculine plural accusative


lengstu

weak superlative degree nominative/accusative/genitive plural


spǫkust

neuter plural nominative/accusative strong superlative degree


lengsta

strong superlative degree masculine accusative plural


lǫngu

Forms of langr (“long”). The adverb more specifically is from the neuter dative singular.


lǫngum

inflection of langr:
strong dative plural positive degree

inflection of langr:
weak dative plural positive degree


lǫngum

first-person plural present indicative active

inflection of langa:
first-person plural imperative active


spaka

inflection of spakr:
strong masculine accusative plural


hreinstu

superlative degree weak nominative/accusative/genitive plural


hreinsta

superlative degree strong masculine accusative plural


þungu

positive degree weak nominative/accusative/genitive plural


þungari

comparative degree nominative/accusative/genitive plural


gǫmul

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


fagrar

positive degree strong feminine nominative/accusative plural


hreini

third-person singular/plural present subjunctive active


fǫgr

positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


hrein

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural positive degree


fegrst

superlative degree strong neuter nominative/accusative singular/plural


þunga

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural


þunga

inflection of þungi:
accusative/genitive plural


þrǫngvar

inflection of þrǫng:
nominative/accusative plural


hreina

inflection of hreinn:
strong masculine accusative plural


hvǫssust

superlative degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


hvílið

second-person plural present indicative/subjunctive active

inflection of hvíla:
second-person plural imperative active


hvíldi

third-person singular/plural past subjunctive active


hvílda

inflection of hvíldr:
strong masculine accusative plural


hvíldu

third-person plural past indicative active


þrøngsl

þrøngsl

þrøngsl (indefinite nominative plural)
þrøngslin (definite nominative plural)
þrøngsl (accusative indefinite plural)
þrøngslin (accusative definite plural)
þrøngslum (dative indefinite plural)
þrøngslunum (dative definite plural)
þrøngsla (genitive indefinite plural)
þrøngslanna (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Nynorsk: trengsel

Norwegian Bokmål: trengsel

Swedish: trängsel

From the root of þrǫngr + -sl, from Proto-Germanic *-slą. Cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃𐌻 (þreihsl, “difficulty, distress”).


þrøngð

past participle strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


leiku

inflection of leika:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


leiku

positive degree weak nominative/accusative/genitive plural


leikum

inflection of leika:
neuter indefinite dative plural

inflection of leika:
feminine indefinite dative plural


leikum

first-person plural present subjunctive active

inflection of leika:
first-person plural imperative active


kyrra

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural

inflection of kyrr:
positive degree strong genitive plural


hressa

From hress (“in good spirits, at health”).

inflection of hress:
positive degree strong genitive plural


strengleikr

non-decl-blank-full

strengleikr

strengleikr (indefinite nominative singular)
strengleikrinn (definite nominative singular)
strengleikar (indefinite nominative plural)
strengleikarnir (definite nominative plural)
strengleik (accusative indefinite singular)
strengleikinn (accusative definite singular)
strengleika (accusative indefinite plural)
strengleikana (accusative definite plural)
strengleiki (dative indefinite singular)
strengleikinum (dative definite singular)
strengleikum (dative indefinite plural)
strengleikunum (dative definite plural)
strengleiks (genitive indefinite singular)
strengleiksins (definite genitive singular)
strengleika (genitive indefinite plural)
strengleikanna (definite genitive plural)

(especially in plural) stringed instrument


tíðleikr

tíðleikr

tíðleikr (indefinite nominative singular)
tíðleikrinn (definite nominative singular)
tíðleikar (indefinite nominative plural)
tíðleikarnir (definite nominative plural)
tíðleik (accusative indefinite singular)
tíðleikinn (accusative definite singular)
tíðleika (accusative indefinite plural)
tíðleikana (accusative definite plural)
tíðleiki (dative indefinite singular)
tíðleikinum (dative definite singular)
tíðleikum (dative indefinite plural)
tíðleikunum (dative definite plural)
tíðleiks (genitive indefinite singular)
tíðleiksins (definite genitive singular)
tíðleika (genitive indefinite plural)
tíðleikanna (definite genitive plural)


optliga

inflection of optligr:
strong masculine accusative plural


níu tigir

non-decl-blank-plur-indef

níu tigir

níu tigir (indefinite nominative)
níu tigu (accusative indefinite)
níu tigum (dative indefinite)
níu tiga (genitive indefinite)

Norwegian Nynorsk: nitti

Norwegian Bokmål: nitti


sjau tigir

sjau tigir

sjau tigir (indefinite nominative)
sjau tigu (accusative indefinite)
sjau tigum (dative indefinite)
sjau tiga (genitive indefinite)

Norwegian Nynorsk: sytti

Norwegian Bokmål: sytti

(cardinal number, with genitive) seventy


átta tigir

átta tigir

átta tigir (indefinite nominative)
átta tigu (accusative indefinite)
átta tigum (dative indefinite)
átta tiga (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: áttatíu

Norwegian Nynorsk: åtti

Norwegian Bokmål: åtti

Swedish: åttio


fimtigi

Icelandic: fimmtíu

Faroese: fimmti

Norwegian Nynorsk: femti

Norwegian Bokmål: femti

Old Swedish: fǣmtighi

Swedish: femtio

From fimm + -tigi. From Proto-Germanic *fimf tigiwiz (“fifty”).


fjórir tigir

fjórir tigir

fjórir tigir (indefinite nominative)
fjóra tigu (accusative indefinite)
fjórum tigum (dative indefinite)
fjǫgurra tiga (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: fjörutíu

Faroese: fjøruti

Norwegian Nynorsk: førti

Norwegian Bokmål: førti

Old Swedish: fiūratighi

Swedish: fyrtio

Danish: fyrre

→ Norwegian Bokmål: førr

From Proto-Germanic *fedwōr tigiwiz (“forty”).


þrír tigir

non-decl-blank-plur-indef

þrír tigir

þrír tigir (indefinite nominative)
þrjá tigu (accusative indefinite)
þrim tigum (dative indefinite)
þrimr tigum (dative indefinite)
þriggja tiga (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: þrjátíu

Faroese: tretivu, tríati

Norwegian Nynorsk: tretti

Norwegian Bokmål: tretti

Elfdalian: tretti

Old Swedish: þrǣtighi

Swedish: trettio

Old Danish: thretiughæ, thretiughu

Danish: tredive, tredve

Norwegian Bokmål: tredve

Gutnish: tretti

From Proto-Germanic *þrīz tigiwiz (“thirty”).


sex tigir

sex tigir

sex tigir (indefinite nominative)
sex tigu (accusative indefinite)
sex tigum (dative indefinite)
sex tiga (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: sextíu

Faroese: seksti

Norwegian Nynorsk: seksti

Norwegian Bokmål: seksti

Old Swedish: sæxtighi

Swedish: sextio

From Proto-Germanic *sehs tigiwiz (“sixty”).


fimtigir

fimtigir

fimtigir (indefinite nominative)
fimtigu (accusative indefinite)
fimtigum (dative indefinite)
fimtiga (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: fimmtíu

Faroese: fimmti

Norwegian Nynorsk: femti

Norwegian Bokmål: femti

Old Swedish: fǣmtighi

Swedish: femtio

Old Danish: thretiughæ, thretiughu

From Proto-Germanic *fimf tigiwiz (“fifty”). Equivalent to fimm (“five”) + tigir (“amount of ten”).


fimmtigir

fimmtigir

fimmtigir (indefinite nominative)
fimmtigu (accusative indefinite)
fimmtigum (dative indefinite)
fimmtiga (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: fimmtíu

Faroese: fimmti

Norwegian Nynorsk: femti

Norwegian Bokmål: femti

Old Swedish: fǣmtighi

Swedish: femtio

Old Danish: thretiughæ, thretiughu


fimm tigir

fimm tigir

fimm tigir (indefinite nominative)
fimm tigu (accusative indefinite)
fimm tigum (dative indefinite)
fimm tiga (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: fimmtíu

Faroese: fimmti

Norwegian Nynorsk: femti

Norwegian Bokmål: femti

Old Swedish: fǣmtighi

Swedish: femtio

From Proto-Germanic *fimf tigiwiz (“fifty”).


trúm

inflection of trúa:
first-person plural present indicative

inflection of trúa:
first-person plural imperative


tugla

inflection of tygill:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of tygill:
indefinite genitive plural


taufrar

non-decl-blank-plur

taufrar

taufrar (indefinite nominative plural)
taufrarnir (definite nominative plural)
taufra (accusative indefinite plural)
taufrana (accusative definite plural)
taufrum (dative indefinite plural)
taufrunum (dative definite plural)
taufra (genitive indefinite plural)
taufranna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: töfrar


taufr

taufr

taufr

taufr (indefinite nominative plural)
taufrin (definite nominative plural)
taufr (accusative indefinite plural)
taufrin (accusative definite plural)
taufrum (dative indefinite plural)
taufrunum (dative definite plural)
taufra (genitive indefinite plural)
taufranna (definite genitive plural)
taufrir (indefinite nominative plural)
taufrirnar (definite nominative plural)
taufrir (accusative indefinite plural)
taufrirnar (accusative definite plural)
taufrum (dative indefinite plural)
taufrunum (dative definite plural)
taufra (genitive indefinite plural)
taufranna (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Bokmål: tauver

Norwegian Nynorsk: tauver


hvirfla

inflection of hvirfill:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of hvirfill:
indefinite genitive plural


stígið

inflection of stíga:
second-person plural present indicative

second-person plural present subjunctive

inflection of stíga:
second-person plural imperative


stigin

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


stígum

inflection of stíga:
first-person plural present indicative

inflection of stíga:
first-person plural imperative


seljara

inflection of seljar (“seller”):
accusative plural

inflection of seljar (“seller”):
genitive plural


sendið

second-person plural active present indicative/subjunctive

second-person plural active past subjunctive

inflection of senda:
second-person plural active imperative


ǫlum

first-person plural active present indicative

inflection of ala:
first-person plural active imperative


sendum

first-person plural active past indicative

inflection of senda:
first-person plural active imperative


úfriðliga

inflection of úfriðligr:
strong masculine accusative plural


brennum

inflection of brenna (intransitive verb):

inflection of brenna (transitive verb):
first-person plural present indicative

inflection of brenna (transitive verb):
first-person plural imperative


brigði

brigða (genitive)
brigði (indefinite nominative plural)
brigðin (definite nominative plural)
brigði (accusative indefinite plural)
brigðin (accusative definite plural)
brigðum (dative indefinite plural)
brigðunum (dative definite plural)
brigða (genitive indefinite plural)
brigðanna (definite genitive plural)

brigði

Norwegian Nynorsk: brigde n


brigði

third-person singular/plural active present subjunctive

third-person singular/plural active past subjunctive


skartara

inflection of skartari:
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of skartari:
indefinite genitive plural


brigð

non-decl-blank-full

brigð

non-decl-blank-plur

brigð

brigð (indefinite nominative singular)
brigðin (definite nominative singular)
brigðar (indefinite nominative plural)
brigðarnar (definite nominative plural)
brigð (accusative indefinite singular)
brigðina (accusative definite singular)
brigðar (accusative indefinite plural)
brigðarnar (accusative definite plural)
brigð (dative indefinite singular)
brigðinni (dative definite singular)
brigðum (dative indefinite plural)
brigðunum (dative definite plural)
brigðar (genitive indefinite singular)
brigðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
brigða (genitive indefinite plural)
brigðanna (definite genitive plural)
brigð (indefinite nominative plural)
brigðin (definite nominative plural)
brigð (accusative indefinite plural)
brigðin (accusative definite plural)
brigðum (dative indefinite plural)
brigðunum (dative definite plural)
brigða (genitive indefinite plural)
brigðanna (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Nynorsk: brigde n (“change”)


brigð

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


brigða

inflection of brigðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


iljar

inflection of il:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


fitjar

inflection of fit:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


frjóva

inflection of frjór:
strong masculine accusative plural


engjar

inflection of eng:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


barða

inflection of barði:
accusative/genitive plural


barða

inflection of bariðr:
strong masculine accusative plural

inflection of barðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


mœðr

inflection of móðir:
nominative/accusative plural indefinite


veika

inflection of veikr:
strong masculine accusative plural


netjur

inflection of netja:
nominative plural indefinite

inflection of netja:
accusative plural indefinite


Mallar

head

Mallar pl (genitive Malla, dative Mǫllum)

The nominative form was (trivially) reconstructed by Oluf Rygh, who suggests it likely is related to terms such as malmr (“ore; sandy, gravelly flats”), mold (“soil”) and mǫl (“a gravelly bank”), in reference to the morainic terrain and soil. All of these terms derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”).

A farm north of Hafrsfjord, modern day Rogaland, Norway.


rǫngum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


meyjar

inflection of mær f:
nominative/accusative plural


mæli

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


tíma

inflection of tími:
accusative/genitive plural


dauða

inflection of dauðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


barnabǫrn

barnabarna (genitive)
barnabǫrn (indefinite nominative plural)
barnabǫrnin (definite nominative plural)
barnabǫrn (accusative indefinite plural)
barnabǫrnin (accusative definite plural)
barnabǫrnum (dative indefinite plural)
barnabǫrnunum (dative definite plural)
barnabarna (genitive indefinite plural)
barnabarnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-plur

barnabǫrn

Icelandic: barnabarn

Norwegian Nynorsk: barnebarn

Norwegian Bokmål: barnebarn

Danish: barnebarn

Swedish: barnbarn


gildra

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

inflection of gildr:
strong masculine genitive plural

inflection of gildr:
strong feminine genitive plural

inflection of gildr:
strong neuter genitive plural


alda bǫrn

alda barna (genitive)
bǫrn (indefinite nominative plural)
bǫrnin (definite nominative plural)
bǫrn (accusative indefinite plural)
bǫrnin (accusative definite plural)
bǫrnum (dative indefinite plural)
bǫrnunum (dative definite plural)
barna (genitive indefinite plural)
barnanna (definite genitive plural)

alda bǫrn

From genitive plural of ǫld + plural of barn. Has parallels in Old English ielda bearn and Old Saxon eldibarn, possibly stemming from a Proto-Germanic *aldijǫ̂ barnō.

Þaðan koma meyjar / margs vitandi
þrjár, ór þeim sal / er und þolli stendr;
Urð hétu eina, / aðra Verðandi,
skáru á skíði, / Skuld ina þriðju;
þær lög lögðu, / þær líf kuru
alda börnum, / örlög seggja.
Thence come maidens / much knowing
three from the hall / which under that tree stands;

Vǫluspá, verse 20, in 1867, S. Bugge, Norrœn fornkvæði: Sæmundar Edda hins fróða. Christiania, page 4

on a tablet they graved, / Skuld the third;
Laws they established, / life allotted
to the sons of men, / destinies pronounced.

Urd hight the one, / the second Verdandi,

(poetic, kenning) "sons of men"; mankind


ýtar

ýtar

ýtar (indefinite nominative plural)
ýtarnir (definite nominative plural)
ýta (accusative indefinite plural)
ýtana (accusative definite plural)
ýtum (dative indefinite plural)
ýtunum (dative definite plural)
ýta (genitive indefinite plural)
ýtanna (definite genitive plural)

Compare Old English cognate Ȳte (“Jutes”) from Proto-Germanic *eutiz, a variant of *eutaz. Compare jótar.

Frá því er at segja, / hvé sæll ek var
ynðisheimi í;
ok inu öðru, / hvé ýta synir

c. 1200, anonymous author, Sólarljóð, verse 33

Thence should be told / how happy I was
in the world of pleasure;
and the other, / how the sons of men
are forced to become corpses.


Harvaðafjǫll

The first element is cognate to Latin Carpates and displays the effects of Grimm's law, making this the sole attestation in any Germanic language of the inherited Germanic name of this mountain range. The second element, fjǫll, is simply the plural of fjall (“mountain”).

Carpathian Mountains
Carpathian Mountains


rǫgn

ragna (genitive)
rǫgn (indefinite nominative plural)
rǫgnin (definite nominative plural)
rǫgn (accusative indefinite plural)
rǫgnin (accusative definite plural)
rǫgnum (dative indefinite plural)
rǫgnunum (dative definite plural)
ragna (genitive indefinite plural)
ragnanna (definite genitive plural)

rǫgn

þá er í ráði at rǫgn of þrjóti

for the gods are doomed and the end is death.


þremjar

þremjar

þremjar (indefinite nominative plural)
þremjarnar (definite nominative plural)
þremjar (accusative indefinite plural)
þremjarnar (accusative definite plural)
þremjum (dative indefinite plural)
þremjunum (dative definite plural)
þremja (genitive indefinite plural)
þremjanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: þremjar

From a tentative Proto-Germanic *þramjō, from Proto-Germanic *þramuz (“edge, border”). Possibly related to Latin framea (“spear”), attested in Germania by Tacitus as the native Germanic term for spear.

þremja linnr
the snake of the þremjar [SWORD]

þremja storm


hǫrðar

hǫrðar

hǫrðar (indefinite nominative plural)
hǫrðarnir (definite nominative plural)
hǫrða (accusative indefinite plural)
hǫrðana (accusative definite plural)
hǫrðum (dative indefinite plural)
hǫrðunum (dative definite plural)
hǫrða (genitive indefinite plural)
hǫrðanna (definite genitive plural)


skyldi

third-person plural past active subjunctive


virðar

virðar

virðar (indefinite nominative plural)
virðarnir (definite nominative plural)
virða (accusative indefinite plural)
virðana (accusative definite plural)
virðum (dative indefinite plural)
virðunum (dative definite plural)
virða (genitive indefinite plural)
virðanna (definite genitive plural)


brǿðr

inflection of bróðir:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


foldar

inflection of fold:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


beiðask

third-person plural present mediopassive indicative


leiðar

inflection of leið:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


niðjar

inflection of niðr:
indefinite nominative plural


beði

inflection of beðr:
indefinite accusative plural


gjafar

inflection of gjǫf:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


gunnar

inflection of gunnr:
nominative/accusative plural


elfar

inflection of elfr:
nominative/accusative plural


þjóðar

inflection of þjóð:
nominative/accusative plural


svanna

inflection of svanni:
accusative/genitive plural


hlýra

inflection of hlýri:
accusative/genitive plural


mána

inflection of máni:
accusative/genitive plural


benjar

inflection of ben:
nominative/accusative plural


fǿri

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


reisti

third-person singular/plural past active subjunctive


dreyrug

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


ǫnnur

inflection of annarr:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


bláum

inflection of blár:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


yðrum

inflection of yðvarr:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


fleygði

third-person plural past active subjunctive


heiðar

inflection of heiðr:
nominative/accusative plural


þarfar

inflection of þǫrf:
nominative/accusative plural


ǿrum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


hjarðar

inflection of hjǫrð:
nominative/accusative plural


gýgjar

inflection of gýgr:
nominative/accusative plural


gjarðar

inflection of gjǫrð:
nominative/accusative plural


rýnasta

strong superlative degree masculine accusative plural


bardaga

inflection of bardagi:
accusative/genitive plural


fáðu

weak masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


ǫfga

inflection of ǫfugr:
strong masculine accusative plural


ǫðrum

inflection of annarr:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


meinta

inflection of meintr:
strong masculine accusative plural


meinum

first-person plural present indicative active

first-person plural present imperative active


hryggvari

comparative degree masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


hverjum

inflection of hverr:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


sǿtari

inflection of sǿtr:
comparative degree plural


vǫrm

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


dǿmdi

third-person plural past active subjunctive


bǿkr

inflection of bók:
nominative/accusative plural


nǫkkva

inflection of nǫkkvi:
accusative/genitive plural


grǿnum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


grǿna

inflection of grǿnn:
strong masculine accusative plural


grǿnna

strong masculine/feminine/neuter genitive plural


flotnar

flotnar

flotnar (indefinite nominative plural)
flotnarnir (definite nominative plural)
flotna (accusative indefinite plural)
flotnana (accusative definite plural)
flotnum (dative indefinite plural)
flotnunum (dative definite plural)
flotna (genitive indefinite plural)
flotnanna (definite genitive plural)

Originally plural of *floti, from Proto-Germanic *flutô. Related to fljóta (“to float”).


rjúfask

third-person plural present mediopassive indicative


þína

inflection of þínn:
masculine accusative plural


þínum

inflection of þínn:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


ljósa

inflection of ljóss:
strong masculine accusative plural


meiðmar

meiðmar

meiðmar (indefinite nominative plural)
meiðmarnir (definite nominative plural)
meiðma (accusative indefinite plural)
meiðmana (accusative definite plural)
meiðmum (dative indefinite plural)
meiðmunum (dative definite plural)
meiðma (genitive indefinite plural)
meiðmanna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic *maiþmaz. Cognate with Old English māþm (“treasure”), Old Saxon mēðom, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌼𐍃 (maiþms).


þegi

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


órum

inflection of órr:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


hvǫtu

weak masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


várum

inflection of várr:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


sjǫlfum

inflection of sjalfr:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


sjalfa

inflection of sjalfr:
masculine accusative plural


mǫrg

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


sjǫlf

inflection of sjalfr:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


kallaði

third-person plural past active subjunctive


þessar

inflection of sjá:
feminine nominative/accusative plural


dapra

inflection of dapr:
strong masculine accusative plural


dauðum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


aðra

inflection of annarr:
masculine accusative plural


finnask

third-person plural present mediopassive indicative


fornar

strong feminine nominative/accusative plural


vanir

Plural of vanr. Related to Proto-Germanic *wanaz (“accustomed”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love”).

the principal deities, as a group, of the Norse pantheon that represent chaos, fertility, and cultivation; opponents of the Æsir.

members of the Swedish royal family whose ancestry is traditionally traced to one of the Vanir deities.


mýrar

inflection of mýrr:
nominative/accusative plural


heyri

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


goða

inflection of goði:
accusative/genitive plural


fáða

inflection of fáðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


gǫrva

inflection of gǫrr:
strong masculine accusative plural


reyndu

weak masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


blíð

strong nominative/accusative neuter plural


heilǫg

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


beiddi

third-person singular/plural past active subjunctive


hlýddi

third-person plural past active subjunctive


hǫfðingja

inflection of hǫfðingi:
accusative/genitive plural


svǫrtum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


sumum

inflection of sumr:
masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


þóttisk

third-person plural past mediopassive subjunctive


teygjask

third-person plural present mediopassive indicative


blóðga

inflection of blóðugr:
strong masculine accusative plural


rauðari

comparative degree masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


hæstum

strong/weak superlative degree masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


háva

inflection of hár:
strong masculine accusative plural


hæsta

strong superlative degree masculine accusative plural


dǿtr

inflection of dóttir:
nominative/accusative plural


frísir

frísir

frísir (indefinite nominative plural)
frísirnir (definite nominative plural)
frísi (accusative indefinite plural)
frísina (accusative definite plural)
frísum (dative indefinite plural)
frísunum (dative definite plural)
frísa (genitive indefinite plural)
frísanna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic [Term?]. The Proto-Germanic term could be either *frīsīz (if an i-stem like this Old Norse word) or *frīsaniz (if an n-stem like West Germanic *Frīsan).


fyllisk

third-person plural present mediopassive subjunctive


øxar

inflection of øx:
nominative/accusative plural


heiða

inflection of heiðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


rǿki

third-person singular/plural present active subjunctive


austust

inflection of eystri:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


vígð

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


þverði

third-person plural past active subjunctive


hǫlfum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


hǫlfu

weak masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


svartalfar

svartr (“black”) + alfar (“elves”) (note that svartr refers to black objects and black hair, but not black skin; for black skin, blár is used)


blóða

inflection of blóði:
accusative/genitive plural


langfeðgar

langfeðgar

langfeðgar (indefinite nominative plural)
langfeðgarnir (definite nominative plural)
langfeðga (accusative indefinite plural)
langfeðgana (accusative definite plural)
langfeðgum (dative indefinite plural)
langfeðgunum (dative definite plural)
langfeðga (genitive indefinite plural)
langfeðganna (definite genitive plural)

langr (“long”) + feðgar (“male generations”)

com

langfęðgar mínir vǫ́ru ríkir męnn

langfeðgatal

a tally or roll of paternal ancestors; pedigree


Þrǿndalǫg

non-decl-blank-plur

Þrǿndalǫg

Þrǿndalǫg (indefinite nominative plural)
Þrǿndalǫgin (definite nominative plural)
Þrǿndalǫg (accusative indefinite plural)
Þrǿndalǫgin (accusative definite plural)
Þrǿndalǫgum (dative indefinite plural)
Þrǿndalǫgunum (dative definite plural)
Þrǿndalaga (genitive indefinite plural)
Þrǿndalaganna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Þrændalög

Faroese: Trøndaløg, Tróndaløg

Norwegian: Trøndelag

Swedish: Tröndelag, Tröndelagen


langbarðar

langbarðar

langbarðar (indefinite nominative plural)
langbarðarnir (definite nominative plural)
langbarða (accusative indefinite plural)
langbarðana (accusative definite plural)
langbǫrðum (dative indefinite plural)
langbǫrðunum (dative definite plural)
langbarða (genitive indefinite plural)
langbarðanna (definite genitive plural)

the Lombards, Langobards, people in Lombardy


ginnheilǫg

inflection of ginnheilagr:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


þarfnask

third-person plural present mediopassive indicative


tefldi

third-person singular/plural past active subjunctive


fjǫlhǫfðaða

inflection of fjǫlhǫfðaðr:
strong masculine accusative plural


skǫll

skallar (genitive)
skǫll (indefinite nominative singular)
skǫllin (definite nominative singular)
skǫll (accusative indefinite singular)
skǫllina (accusative definite singular)
skǫll (dative indefinite singular)
skǫllinni (dative definite singular)
skallar (genitive indefinite singular)
skallarinnar (definite genitive singular)
skǫll (indefinite nominative plural)
skǫllin (definite nominative plural)
skǫll (accusative indefinite plural)
skǫllin (accusative definite plural)
skǫllum (dative indefinite plural)
skǫllunum (dative definite plural)
skalla (genitive indefinite plural)
skallanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-sing

skǫll

non-decl-blank-plur

skǫll


vætti

inflection of váttr:
dative singular/plural


þjóðlaðar

inflection of þjóðlǫð:
nominative/accusative plural


bága

inflection of bági:
accusative/genitive plural


grǿtta

inflection of grǿttr:
strong masculine accusative plural


hǫfnum

first-person plural present active indicative

inflection of hafna:
first-person plural active imperative


fangboða

inflection of fangboði:
accusative/genitive plural


ljóðpundara

inflection of ljóðpundari:
accusative/genitive plural


pundara

inflection of pundari:
accusative/genitive plural


freistaði

third-person plural past active subjunctive


hyggið

second-person plural present active indicative/subjunctive

inflection of hyggja:
second-person plural active imperative


hyggjum

inflection of hyggja:
first-person plural active imperative


ballriða

inflection of ballriði:
accusative/genitive plural


tjǫlduð

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


timbruðum

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


setið

inflection of setja:
second-person plural active imperative


setjum

inflection of setja:
first-person plural active imperative


setjask

third-person plural present mediopassive indicative


setjumsk

first-person plural present mediopassive indicative

first-person plural mediopassive imperative


setizk

second-person plural present mediopassive indicative/subjunctive

second-person plural mediopassive imperative


settisk

third-person plural past mediopassive subjunctive


setisk

third-person plural present mediopassive subjunctive


Norðreyjar

Literally, “Northern Isles”, from norðr (“north”) + eyjar (“islands”).


eineygja

inflection of eineygr:
strong masculine accusative plural


ríðum

first-person plural present active indicative

inflection of ríða:
first-person plural active imperative