-um

armr → ǫrmum

used to form the dative plural of essentially all nouns and adjectives, as well as most pronouns

used to denote the 1st person plural forms in the active indicative and imperative forms of most verbs


-ing

non-decl-f-o

Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words

non-decl-blank-full

-ing

-ing (indefinite nominative singular)
-ingin (definite nominative singular)
-ingar (indefinite nominative plural)
-ingarnar (definite nominative plural)
-ing (accusative indefinite singular)
-ingina (accusative definite singular)
-ingar (accusative indefinite plural)
-ingarnar (accusative definite plural)
-ingu (dative indefinite singular)
-ingunni (dative definite singular)
-ingum (dative indefinite plural)
-ingunum (dative definite plural)
-ingar (genitive indefinite singular)
-ingarinnar (definite genitive singular)
-inga (genitive indefinite plural)
-inganna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: -ing, -ung

Faroese: -ing

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing

Norwegian Bokmål: -ing

Old Swedish: -ing, -ung

Swedish: -ing, -ung (fossilized)

Danish: -ing

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.


-a

non-conj-blank-active

Conjugation of -a — active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of -a — mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table

-a (infinitive)
-andi (participle present)
-aðr (participle past)
-a (first-person present singular)
-aða (first-person past singular)
-ar (present second-person singular)
-aðir (past second-person singular)
-ar (present singular third-person)
-aði (past singular third-person)
-um (first-person plural present)
-uðum (first-person past plural)
-ið (plural present second-person)
-uðuð (past plural second-person)
-a (plural present third-person)
-uðu (past plural third-person)
-ir (present second-person singular)
-i (present singular third-person)
-im (first-person plural present)
-aðim (first-person past plural)
-aðið (past plural second-person)
-i (plural present third-person)
-aði (past plural third-person)
-a (present second-person singular)

Danish: -e

Icelandic: -a

Faroese: -a

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: -e, -a

Old Swedish: -a

Swedish: -a


-a

Icelandic: -a

gjarn + -a → gjarna


-a

non-decl-blank-full

-a

-a

-a (indefinite nominative singular)
-an (definite nominative singular)
-ur (indefinite nominative plural)
-urnar (definite nominative plural)
-u (accusative indefinite singular)
-una (accusative definite singular)
-ur (accusative indefinite plural)
-urnar (accusative definite plural)
-u (dative indefinite singular)
-unni (dative definite singular)
-um (dative indefinite plural)
-unum (dative definite plural)
-u (genitive indefinite singular)
-unnar (definite genitive singular)
-na (genitive indefinite plural)
-nanna (definite genitive plural)
-a (indefinite nominative singular)
-at (definite nominative singular)
-u (indefinite nominative plural)
-un (definite nominative plural)
-a (accusative indefinite singular)
-at (accusative definite singular)
-u (accusative indefinite plural)
-un (accusative definite plural)
-a (dative indefinite singular)
-anu (dative definite singular)
-um (dative indefinite plural)
-unum (dative definite plural)
-a (genitive indefinite singular)
-ans (definite genitive singular)
-na (genitive indefinite plural)
-nanna (definite genitive plural)

occurs in the nominative singular of feminine on-stem nouns

occurs in the singular of neuter an-stem nouns


-a

inflection of -i (masculine an-stem nouns):

indefinite accusative plural of -r (masculine a-stem nouns)


-ni

positive degree weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (adjective suffix)

weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (participle suffix)

third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of -na (inchoative verb suffix)


-an

friða (“to pacify”) + -an → friðan (“pacifying”)

sanna (“to assert, prove”) + -an → sannan (“assertion, confirmation”)

synja (“to deny”) + -an → synjan (“denial”)

(deverbative suffix) used to derive nouns from class 2 weak verbs


-an

Inherited from Proto-Norse -ᚨᚾᚨ (-ana), from Proto-Germanic *-anē.


-an

strong accusative singular ending of adjectives


-in

positive degree strong feminine nominative singular

positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural

inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
strong feminine nominative singular

inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):


-na

non-conj-blank-active

Conjugation of -na — active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of -na — mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table

-na (infinitive)
-nandi (participle present)
-naðr (participle past)
-na (first-person present singular)
-naða (first-person past singular)
-nar (present second-person singular)
-naðir (past second-person singular)
-nar (present singular third-person)
-naði (past singular third-person)
-num (first-person plural present)
-nuðum (first-person past plural)
-nið (plural present second-person)
-nuðuð (past plural second-person)
-na (plural present third-person)
-nuðu (past plural third-person)
-nir (present second-person singular)
-ni (present singular third-person)
-nim (first-person plural present)
-naðim (first-person past plural)
-naðið (past plural second-person)
-ni (plural present third-person)
-naði (past plural third-person)
-na (present second-person singular)

used to form inchoative verbs from adjectives or strong verbs


-na

From Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂ and *-ōnǫ̂, genitive plural endings of weak neuter and feminine nouns.

hjarta → hjartna

saga → sagna

used to form the genitive plural of some weak feminine and neuter nouns


-na

positive degree strong feminine accusative singular

positive degree strong masculine accusative plural

positive degree weak masculine oblique singular

positive degree weak feminine nominative singular

inflection of -inn (adjective suffix):
positive degree weak neuter singular

inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
strong feminine accusative singular

inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
strong masculine accusative plural

inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
weak masculine oblique singular

inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
weak feminine nominative singular

inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
weak neuter singular


-un

non-decl-blank-full

-un

-un (indefinite nominative singular)
-unin (definite nominative singular)
-anir (indefinite nominative plural)
-anirnar (definite nominative plural)
-un (accusative indefinite singular)
-unina (accusative definite singular)
-anir (accusative indefinite plural)
-anirnar (accusative definite plural)
-un (dative indefinite singular)
-uninni (dative definite singular)
-unum (dative indefinite plural)
-ununum (dative definite plural)
-anar (genitive indefinite singular)
-anarinnar (definite genitive singular)
-ana (genitive indefinite plural)
-ananna (definite genitive plural)

Variant of -an f, from Proto-Germanic *-ōniz. Unlike "-an", "-un" is affected by u-umlaut in the nominative, accusative and dative singular forms.

used to derive nouns from class 2 weak verbs


-t

Alternative form of -a; used in between vowels

Alternative form of -ð; used following hard consonants


-i

non-decl-blank-sing

-i

-i (indefinite nominative singular)
-in (definite nominative singular)
-i (accusative indefinite singular)
-ina (accusative definite singular)
-i (dative indefinite singular)
-inni (dative definite singular)
-i (genitive indefinite singular)
-innar (definite genitive singular)

From Proto-Germanic *-į̄, cognate with Gothic -𐌴𐌹 (-ei).

-th; forms abstract nouns from adjectives which represent 'the state, quality or measure of' the adjective


-i

non-decl-blank-full

-i

-i (indefinite nominative singular)
-inn (definite nominative singular)
-ar (indefinite nominative plural)
-arnir (definite nominative plural)
-a (accusative indefinite singular)
-ann (accusative definite singular)
-a (accusative indefinite plural)
-ana (accusative definite plural)
-a (dative indefinite singular)
-anum (dative definite singular)
-um (dative indefinite plural)
-unum (dative definite plural)
-a (genitive indefinite singular)
-ans (definite genitive singular)
-a (genitive indefinite plural)
-anna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic *-ô, cognate with Gothic -𐌰 (-a).

forms agent nouns, often from the zero-grade form of the base


-ir

From Proto-Norse -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *-jaz.

myrða (“to murder”) + -ir → myrðir (“murderer”)

stilla (“to still; control”) + -ir → stillir (“stiller, controller; ruler”)

class 1 weak verbs
Category:Old Norse class 1 weak verbs

(rare) used to create agent nouns from class 1 weak verbs


-inn

-in (feminine)
-it (neuter)
-inn (masculine nominative singular)
-in (feminine nominative singular)
-it (neuter nominative singular)
-inn (accusative masculine singular)
-na (accusative feminine singular)
-it (accusative neuter singular)
-num (dative masculine singular)
-inni (dative feminine singular)
-nu (dative neuter singular)
-ins (genitive masculine singular)
-innar (feminine genitive singular)
-ins (genitive neuter singular)
-nir (masculine nominative plural)
-nar (feminine nominative plural)
-in (neuter nominative plural)
-na (accusative masculine plural)
-nar (accusative feminine plural)
-in (accusative neuter plural)
-num (dative masculine plural)
-num (dative feminine plural)
-num (dative neuter plural)
-inna (genitive masculine plural)
-inna (feminine genitive plural)
-inna (genitive neuter plural)
-ni (masculine nominative singular)
-na (feminine nominative singular)
-na (neuter nominative singular)
-na (accusative masculine singular)
-nu (accusative feminine singular)
-na (accusative neuter singular)
-na (dative masculine singular)
-nu (dative feminine singular)
-na (dative neuter singular)
-na (genitive masculine singular)
-nu (feminine genitive singular)
-na (genitive neuter singular)
-nu (masculine nominative plural)
-nu (feminine nominative plural)
-nu (neuter nominative plural)
-nu (accusative masculine plural)
-nu (accusative feminine plural)
-nu (accusative neuter plural)
-num (dative masculine plural)
-num (dative feminine plural)
-num (dative neuter plural)
-nu (genitive masculine plural)
-nu (feminine genitive plural)
-nu (genitive neuter plural)
-nari (comparative masculine nominative singular)
-nari (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-nara (comparative neuter nominative singular)
-nara (accusative comparative masculine singular)
-nari (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-nara (accusative comparative neuter singular)
-nara (comparative dative masculine singular)
-nari (comparative dative feminine singular)
-nara (comparative dative neuter singular)
-nara (comparative genitive masculine singular)
-nari (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-nara (comparative genitive neuter singular)
-nari (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-nari (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-nari (comparative neuter nominative plural)
-nari (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-nari (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-nari (accusative comparative neuter plural)
-nurum (comparative dative masculine plural)
-nurum (comparative dative feminine plural)
-nurum (comparative dative neuter plural)
-nari (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-nari (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-nari (comparative genitive neuter plural)
-nastr (masculine nominative singular superlative)
-nust (feminine nominative singular superlative)
-nast (neuter nominative singular superlative)
-nastan (accusative masculine singular superlative)
-nasta (accusative feminine singular superlative)
-nast (accusative neuter singular superlative)
-nustum (dative masculine singular superlative)
-nastri (dative feminine singular superlative)
-nustu (dative neuter singular superlative)
-nasts (genitive masculine singular superlative)
-nastrar (feminine genitive singular superlative)
-nasts (genitive neuter singular superlative)
-nastir (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-nastar (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-nust (neuter nominative plural superlative)
-nasta (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-nastar (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-nust (accusative neuter plural superlative)
-nustum (dative masculine plural superlative)
-nustum (dative feminine plural superlative)
-nustum (dative neuter plural superlative)
-nastra (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-nastra (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-nastra (genitive neuter plural superlative)
-nasti (masculine nominative singular superlative)
-nasta (feminine nominative singular superlative)
-nasta (neuter nominative singular superlative)
-nasta (accusative masculine singular superlative)
-nustu (accusative feminine singular superlative)
-nasta (accusative neuter singular superlative)
-nasta (dative masculine singular superlative)
-nustu (dative feminine singular superlative)
-nasta (dative neuter singular superlative)
-nasta (genitive masculine singular superlative)
-nustu (feminine genitive singular superlative)
-nasta (genitive neuter singular superlative)
-nustu (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-nustu (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-nustu (neuter nominative plural superlative)
-nustu (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-nustu (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-nustu (accusative neuter plural superlative)
-nustum (dative masculine plural superlative)
-nustum (dative feminine plural superlative)
-nustum (dative neuter plural superlative)
-nustu (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-nustu (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-nustu (genitive neuter plural superlative)

non-decl-adj-base

Strong declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">-inn</i>

Weak declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">-inn</i>

Declension of comparative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">-inn</i>

Strong declension of superlative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">-inn</i>

Weak declension of superlative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">-inn</i>

Icelandic: -inn

Faroese: -in

Norwegian Nynorsk: -en

Norwegian Bokmål: -en

Swedish: -en

Danish: -en

From Proto-Norse *-īna-, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.
Originally, this suffix was used to create adjectives that refer to materials, such as Old Norse eikinn (“oaken”), from eik (“oak”) and gullinn (“golden”), from gull (“gold”).
Later, use of this suffix was extended to create adjectives from verbs, such as Old Norse lyginn (“prone to lying”), from ljúga (“to lie”).

used to create adjectives from nouns, meaning "made from"

used to create adjectives from verbs, meaning "prone to"


-inn

-in (feminine)
-it (neuter)
-inn (masculine nominative singular)
-in (feminine nominative singular)
-it (neuter nominative singular)
-inn (accusative masculine singular)
-na (accusative feminine singular)
-it (accusative neuter singular)
-num (dative masculine singular)
-inni (dative feminine singular)
-nu (dative neuter singular)
-ins (genitive masculine singular)
-innar (feminine genitive singular)
-ins (genitive neuter singular)
-nir (masculine nominative plural)
-nar (feminine nominative plural)
-in (neuter nominative plural)
-na (accusative masculine plural)
-nar (accusative feminine plural)
-in (accusative neuter plural)
-num (dative masculine plural)
-num (dative feminine plural)
-num (dative neuter plural)
-inna (genitive masculine plural)
-inna (feminine genitive plural)
-inna (genitive neuter plural)
-ni (masculine nominative singular)
-na (feminine nominative singular)
-na (neuter nominative singular)
-na (accusative masculine singular)
-nu (accusative feminine singular)
-na (accusative neuter singular)
-na (dative masculine singular)
-nu (dative feminine singular)
-na (dative neuter singular)
-na (genitive masculine singular)
-nu (feminine genitive singular)
-na (genitive neuter singular)
-nu (masculine nominative plural)
-nu (feminine nominative plural)
-nu (neuter nominative plural)
-nu (accusative masculine plural)
-nu (accusative feminine plural)
-nu (accusative neuter plural)
-num (dative masculine plural)
-num (dative feminine plural)
-num (dative neuter plural)
-nu (genitive masculine plural)
-nu (feminine genitive plural)
-nu (genitive neuter plural)

Icelandic: -inn

Faroese: -in

Norwegian Nynorsk: -en

Norwegian Bokmål: -en

Old Swedish: -in

Swedish: -en

Danish: -en

From Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (-inaʀ) (cf. ᚺᚨᛁᛏᛁᚾᚨᛉ (haitinaʀ) and ᛊᛚᚨᚷᛁᚾᚨᛉ (slaginaʀ), ancestors of heitinn and sleginn), from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, the ending of all past participles of strong verbs. The ending also results in a-mutation, except before a nasal consonant. It itself came from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.

denotes the past participle form of a strong verb


-inn

-in (feminine)
-it (neuter)
inn (masculine nominative singular)
in (feminine nominative singular)
it (neuter nominative singular)
iþ (neuter nominative singular)
inn (accusative masculine singular)
ina (accusative feminine singular)
it (accusative neuter singular)
iþ (accusative neuter singular)
inum (dative masculine singular)
inni (dative feminine singular)
inu (dative neuter singular)
ins (genitive masculine singular)
innar (feminine genitive singular)
ins (genitive neuter singular)
inir (masculine nominative plural)
inar (feminine nominative plural)
in (neuter nominative plural)
ina (accusative masculine plural)
inar (accusative feminine plural)
in (accusative neuter plural)
inum (dative masculine plural)
inum (dative feminine plural)
inum (dative neuter plural)
inna (genitive masculine plural)
inna (feminine genitive plural)
inna (genitive neuter plural)

Declension of inn

Icelandic: -inn m; -in f; -ið n

Faroese: -in m or f; -ið n

Norwegian Nynorsk: -en m; -a f; -et n

Norwegian Bokmål: -en m; -a f; -et n

Swedish: -en, -n c; -et

Danish: -en c; -et n

Suffixed form of inn (definite article), hinn, from Proto-Norse *ᚺᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*hinaʀ).


-it

positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of -inn (adjective suffix)

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of -inn (participle suffix)

neuter nominative/accusative singular of -inn (definite article suffix)


-'s

Hvat’s með ǫlfum, hvat’s með ǫ́sum

What is with the elves? What is with the gods?


-la

non-conj-blank-active

Conjugation of -la — active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of -la — mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table

-la (infinitive)
-landi (participle present)
-laðr (participle past)
-la (first-person present singular)
-laða (first-person past singular)
-lar (present second-person singular)
-laðir (past second-person singular)
-lar (present singular third-person)
-laði (past singular third-person)
-lum (first-person plural present)
-luðum (first-person past plural)
-lið (plural present second-person)
-luðuð (past plural second-person)
-la (plural present third-person)
-luðu (past plural third-person)
-lir (present second-person singular)
-li (present singular third-person)
-lim (first-person plural present)
-laðim (first-person past plural)
-laðið (past plural second-person)
-li (plural present third-person)
-laði (past plural third-person)
-la (present second-person singular)


-la

-ill (masculine strong)
-la (indefinite nominative singular)
-lan (definite nominative singular)
-lur (indefinite nominative plural)
-lurnar (definite nominative plural)
-lu (accusative indefinite singular)
-luna (accusative definite singular)
-lur (accusative indefinite plural)
-lurnar (accusative definite plural)
-lu (dative indefinite singular)
-lunni (dative definite singular)
-lum (dative indefinite plural)
-lunum (dative definite plural)
-lu (genitive indefinite singular)
-lunnar (definite genitive singular)
-lna (genitive indefinite plural)
-lnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

-la

From Proto-Germanic *-ilǭ (diminutive suffix).

inh

mey + -la → meyla


-la

inflection of -ill (agent noun):
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of -ill (agent noun):
indefinite genitive plural

inflection of -ill (diminutive noun):
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of -ill (diminutive noun):
indefinite genitive plural

inflection of -ull (diminutive noun):
indefinite accusative plural

inflection of -ull (diminutive noun):
indefinite genitive plural

inflection of -ull (deverbative adjective):

positive degree strong feminine accusative singular

positive degree strong feminine accusative masculine

positive degree weak masculine oblique singular

positive degree weak feminine nominative singular


-at

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *aiwwihtiz, whence Old English āwiht (“anything, something; at all”). The prototype of ek veit-at 'I don't know' would then be Proto-Norse *ek ne wait aiwwihti 'I know not at all', after which *aiwwihti was reduced to -at and ne eventually dropped in a process identical to the origin of French pas (“not”).

cog

hann veitat


-r

non-decl-adj-strong

Strong declension of adjectives

non-decl-adj-base

Strong declension of adjectives

non-decl-blank-full

-r

-r

-r

-r

-r

-r (masculine nominative singular)
-t (neuter nominative singular)
-an (accusative masculine singular)
-a (accusative feminine singular)
-t (accusative neuter singular)
-um (dative masculine singular)
-ri (dative feminine singular)
-u (dative neuter singular)
-s (genitive masculine singular)
-rar (feminine genitive singular)
-s (genitive neuter singular)
-ir (masculine nominative plural)
-ar (feminine nominative plural)
-a (accusative masculine plural)
-ar (accusative feminine plural)
-um (dative masculine plural)
-um (dative feminine plural)
-um (dative neuter plural)
-ra (genitive masculine plural)
-ra (feminine genitive plural)
-ra (genitive neuter plural)
-r (indefinite nominative singular)
-rinn (definite nominative singular)
-ar (indefinite nominative plural)
-arnir (definite nominative plural)
-inn (accusative definite singular)
-a (accusative indefinite plural)
-ana (accusative definite plural)
-i (dative indefinite singular)
-inum (dative definite singular)
-um (dative indefinite plural)
-unum (dative definite plural)
-s (genitive indefinite singular)
-sins (definite genitive singular)
-a (genitive indefinite plural)
-anna (definite genitive plural)
-i (indefinite nominative singular)
-inn (definite nominative singular)
-ar (indefinite nominative plural)
-arnir (definite nominative plural)
-a (accusative indefinite singular)
-ann (accusative definite singular)
-a (accusative indefinite plural)
-ana (accusative definite plural)
-a (dative indefinite singular)
-anum (dative definite singular)
-um (dative indefinite plural)
-unum (dative definite plural)
-a (genitive indefinite singular)
-ans (definite genitive singular)
-a (genitive indefinite plural)
-anna (definite genitive plural)
-r (indefinite nominative singular)
-rinn (definite nominative singular)
-ir (indefinite nominative plural)
-irnir (definite nominative plural)
-inn (accusative definite singular)
-i (accusative indefinite plural)
-ina (accusative definite plural)
-inum (dative definite singular)
-um (dative indefinite plural)
-unum (dative definite plural)
-ar (genitive indefinite singular)
-s (genitive indefinite singular)
-arins (definite genitive singular)
-sins (definite genitive singular)
-a (genitive indefinite plural)
-anna (definite genitive plural)
-r (indefinite nominative singular)
-rinn (definite nominative singular)
-ir (indefinite nominative plural)
-irnir (definite nominative plural)
-inn (accusative definite singular)
-u (accusative indefinite plural)
-una (accusative definite plural)
-i (dative indefinite singular)
-inum (dative definite singular)
-um (dative indefinite plural)
-unum (dative definite plural)
-ar (genitive indefinite singular)
-arins (definite genitive singular)
-a (genitive indefinite plural)
-anna (definite genitive plural)
-r (indefinite nominative singular)
-rin (definite nominative singular)
-ar (indefinite nominative plural)
-arnar (definite nominative plural)
-i (accusative indefinite singular)
-ina (accusative definite singular)
-ar (accusative indefinite plural)
-arnar (accusative definite plural)
-i (dative indefinite singular)
-inni (dative definite singular)
-um (dative indefinite plural)
-unum (dative definite plural)
-ar (genitive indefinite singular)
-arinnar (definite genitive singular)
-a (genitive indefinite plural)
-anna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: -ur

Faroese: -ur

Middle Norwegian: -r, -er

Old Swedish: -er

denotes the nominative singular of adjectives, masculine a-stem, i-stem, u-stem, and an-stem, as well as feminine ijo-stem nouns

denotes the nominative and accusative plurals of r- and consonant stem nouns


-r

auga (“eye”) + -r → eygr (“eyed”)

(no longer productive, with i-mutation) -ed, forms adjectives from nouns


-andi

-andi (masculine nominative singular)
-andi (feminine nominative singular)
-anda (neuter nominative singular)
-anda (accusative masculine singular)
-andi (accusative feminine singular)
-anda (accusative neuter singular)
-anda (dative masculine singular)
-andi (dative feminine singular)
-anda (dative neuter singular)
-anda (genitive masculine singular)
-andi (feminine genitive singular)
-anda (genitive neuter singular)
-andi (masculine nominative plural)
-andi (feminine nominative plural)
-andi (neuter nominative plural)
-andi (accusative masculine plural)
-andi (accusative feminine plural)
-andi (accusative neuter plural)
-ǫndum (dative masculine plural)
-ǫndum (dative feminine plural)
-ǫndum (dative neuter plural)
-andi (genitive masculine plural)
-andi (feminine genitive plural)
-andi (genitive neuter plural)

Icelandic: -andi

Faroese: -andi

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ande

Old Swedish: -andi, -ande

Swedish: -ande, -ende

Danish: -ende

Norwegian Bokmål: -ende

From Proto-Germanic *-andz, from Proto-Indo-European *-ónts.

present participle
present participle#English

used to form present participles of verbs

forms agent nouns from verbs. Identical in form and meaning to the present participle


-andi

-andi

-andi (indefinite nominative singular)
-andinn (definite nominative singular)
-endr (indefinite nominative plural)
-endrnir (definite nominative plural)
-anda (accusative indefinite singular)
-andann (accusative definite singular)
-endr (accusative indefinite plural)
-endrna (accusative definite plural)
-anda (dative indefinite singular)
-andanum (dative definite singular)
-ǫndum (dative indefinite plural)
-ǫndunum (dative definite plural)
-anda (genitive indefinite singular)
-andans (definite genitive singular)
-anda (genitive indefinite plural)
-andanna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic *-ndz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nts. Origianlly identical to the past participle, but declines differently in the plural.


-ari

Icelandic: -ari

Faroese: -ari

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær

Old Swedish: -are, -ari

Swedish: -are

Old Danish: -eræ

Danish: -er

Norwegian Bokmål: -er

→ Estonian: -r

→ Finnish: -ari, -uri

Borrowed as part of Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words. In both cases, it stems from Latin -ārius.
The suffix -ari replaced the native suffix -i which was used for agent nouns before: skytari (“shooter, bowman”) instead of skyti (“shooter, bowman”), both derived from skjóta (“to shoot”).

baka (“to bake”) + -ari → bakari (“baker”)

a suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs


-gi

maðr (“man, person”) + -gi → manngi (“nobody”)

eitt (“one”) + -gi → ekki (“nothing, nought”)


-naðr

non-decl-blank-full

-naðr

-naðr (indefinite nominative singular)
-nuðr (indefinite nominative singular)
-naðrinn (definite nominative singular)
-nuðrinn (definite nominative singular)
-naðir (indefinite nominative plural)
-naðirnir (definite nominative plural)
-nað (accusative indefinite singular)
-nuð (accusative indefinite singular)
-naðinn (accusative definite singular)
-nuðinn (accusative definite singular)
-naði (accusative indefinite plural)
-naðina (accusative definite plural)
-naði (dative indefinite singular)
-naðinum (dative definite singular)
-nuðum (dative indefinite plural)
-nuðunum (dative definite plural)
-naðar (genitive indefinite singular)
-naðarins (definite genitive singular)
-naða (genitive indefinite plural)
-naðanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: -naður, -nuður

Faroese: -naður

Norwegian: -nad

Old Swedish: -naþer, -nadher

Swedish: -nad

Danish: -ne

From -n- + -aðr.
This is the result of a wrong segmentation: when the word stem had a final n, the speakers thought that the n was part of a -naðr suffix. For example, jafn-aðr was re-interpreted as jaf-naðr.

suffix used to create nouns, particularly from verbs, but also from adjectives


-naðr

non-decl-adj-base

Strong declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">-naðr</i>

Weak declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">-naðr</i>

-naðr (masculine nominative singular)
-nuð (feminine nominative singular)
-nat (neuter nominative singular)
-naðan (accusative masculine singular)
-naða (accusative feminine singular)
-nat (accusative neuter singular)
-nuðum (dative masculine singular)
-naðri (dative feminine singular)
-nuðu (dative neuter singular)
-naðs (genitive masculine singular)
-naðrar (feminine genitive singular)
-naðs (genitive neuter singular)
-naðir (masculine nominative plural)
-naðar (feminine nominative plural)
-nuð (neuter nominative plural)
-naða (accusative masculine plural)
-naðar (accusative feminine plural)
-nuð (accusative neuter plural)
-nuðum (dative masculine plural)
-nuðum (dative feminine plural)
-nuðum (dative neuter plural)
-naðra (genitive masculine plural)
-naðra (feminine genitive plural)
-naðra (genitive neuter plural)
-naði (masculine nominative singular)
-naða (feminine nominative singular)
-naða (neuter nominative singular)
-naða (accusative masculine singular)
-nuðu (accusative feminine singular)
-naða (accusative neuter singular)
-naða (dative masculine singular)
-nuðu (dative feminine singular)
-naða (dative neuter singular)
-naða (genitive masculine singular)
-nuðu (feminine genitive singular)
-naða (genitive neuter singular)
-nuðu (masculine nominative plural)
-nuðu (feminine nominative plural)
-nuðu (neuter nominative plural)
-nuðu (accusative masculine plural)
-nuðu (accusative feminine plural)
-nuðu (accusative neuter plural)
-nuðum (dative masculine plural)
-nuðum (dative feminine plural)
-nuðum (dative neuter plural)
-nuðu (genitive masculine plural)
-nuðu (feminine genitive plural)
-nuðu (genitive neuter plural)

past participle of -na (inchoative verb suffix)


-aðr

Strong declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">-aðr</i>

Weak declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">-aðr</i>

-aðr (masculine nominative singular)
-uð (feminine nominative singular)
-at (neuter nominative singular)
-aðan (accusative masculine singular)
-aða (accusative feminine singular)
-at (accusative neuter singular)
-uðum (dative masculine singular)
-aðri (dative feminine singular)
-uðu (dative neuter singular)
-aðs (genitive masculine singular)
-aðrar (feminine genitive singular)
-aðs (genitive neuter singular)
-aðir (masculine nominative plural)
-aðar (feminine nominative plural)
-uð (neuter nominative plural)
-aða (accusative masculine plural)
-aðar (accusative feminine plural)
-uð (accusative neuter plural)
-uðum (dative masculine plural)
-uðum (dative feminine plural)
-uðum (dative neuter plural)
-aðra (genitive masculine plural)
-aðra (feminine genitive plural)
-aðra (genitive neuter plural)
-aði (masculine nominative singular)
-aða (feminine nominative singular)
-aða (neuter nominative singular)
-aða (accusative masculine singular)
-uðu (accusative feminine singular)
-aða (accusative neuter singular)
-aða (dative masculine singular)
-uðu (dative feminine singular)
-aða (dative neuter singular)
-aða (genitive masculine singular)
-uðu (feminine genitive singular)
-aða (genitive neuter singular)
-uðu (masculine nominative plural)
-uðu (feminine nominative plural)
-uðu (neuter nominative plural)
-uðu (accusative masculine plural)
-uðu (accusative feminine plural)
-uðu (accusative neuter plural)
-uðum (dative masculine plural)
-uðum (dative feminine plural)
-uðum (dative neuter plural)
-uðu (genitive masculine plural)
-uðu (feminine genitive plural)
-uðu (genitive neuter plural)

From Proto-Norse *-ᛟᚦᚢᛉ (*-oþuʀ), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz. Cognate to Old Norse -naðr.

hjalmr (“helmet”) + -aðr → hjalmaðr (“helmed; having a helmet”)

suffix used to create adjectives meaning “having, possessing”


-óttr

Icelandic: -óttur

Faroese: -utur

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ete, -et, -ut

Norwegian Bokmål: -et, -ete

Swedish: -ad, -t

Danish: -et

From Proto-Norse *-ᛟᚺᛏᚨᛉ (*-ohtaʀ) from Proto-Germanic *-uhtaz.

frekna (“freckle”) + -óttr → freknóttr (“freckly, freckled, having freckles”)

suffix used to create adjectives, meaning more or less the same as -igr and -ugr


-ǿnn

⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: -røn (from words like norðrǿnn)

used to create adjectives from the nouns denoting the four compass points


-semi

Icelandic: -semi

Faroese: -semi


-ki

bjǫrn (“bear”) + -ki → bjarki (“little bear, bearlet”)


-ki

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


-ligr

Icelandic: -legur

Faroese: -ligur

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: -lig

Norwegian Nynorsk: -leg

Old Swedish: -līker

Swedish: -lig

Old Danish: -lig

Danish: -lig

From Proto-Germanic *-līkaz (“having the body or form of”), from *līką (“body”).

inh

suffix used to create adjectives, having the sense of -y, -ly, -like

(weak neuter accusative singular) used to create adverbs from these adjectives


-skapr

non-decl-blank-full

-skapr

-skapr (indefinite nominative singular)
-skaprinn (definite nominative singular)
-skapir (indefinite nominative plural)
-skapirnir (definite nominative plural)
-skap (accusative indefinite singular)
-skapinn (accusative definite singular)
-skapi (accusative indefinite plural)
-skapina (accusative definite plural)
-skap (dative indefinite singular)
-skapinum (dative definite singular)
-skǫpum (dative indefinite plural)
-skǫpunum (dative definite plural)
-skapar (genitive indefinite singular)
-skaparins (definite genitive singular)
-skapa (genitive indefinite plural)
-skapanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: -skapur

Faroese: -skapur

Norwegian Bokmål: -skap

Norwegian Nynorsk: -skap

Old Swedish: -skaper

Swedish: -skap

Danish: -skab

From Proto-Germanic *-skapiz, derived from *skapjaną.

klókr (“arch, cunning, crafty”) + -skapr → klókskapr (“cunning, cleverness”)

prestr (“priest”) + -skapr → prestskapr (“priesthood”)

used to form nouns from nouns and adjectives


-lingr

-lingr

-lingr (indefinite nominative singular)
-lingrinn (definite nominative singular)
-lingar (indefinite nominative plural)
-lingarnir (definite nominative plural)
-ling (accusative indefinite singular)
-linginn (accusative definite singular)
-linga (accusative indefinite plural)
-lingana (accusative definite plural)
-lingi (dative indefinite singular)
-linginum (dative definite singular)
-lingum (dative indefinite plural)
-lingunum (dative definite plural)
-lings (genitive indefinite singular)
-lingsins (definite genitive singular)
-linga (genitive indefinite plural)
-linganna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz, itself a compound of *-ilaz and *-ingaz. Compare English -ling.

forms noun-derivatives with sense of 'belonging to, coming from, descending from', often with a diminutive force


-ugr

Icelandic: -agur, -igur, -ugur

Faroese: -agur, -igur, -ugur

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ig, -ug

Norwegian Bokmål: -ig

Swedish: -ig

Danish: -ig

From Proto-Germanic *-ugaz, made up from the stem of the preceding word, together with *-gaz. Compare with English -y. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, whence also Latin -cus.


-igr

Icelandic: -agur, -igur, -ugur

Faroese: -agur, -igur, -ugur

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ig, -ug

Norwegian Bokmål: -ig

Swedish: -ig

Danish: -ig

From Proto-Germanic *-īgaz, made up from the stem of the preceding word, together with *-gaz. Compare with English -y. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, whence also Latin -cus.


-faldr

Icelandic: -faldur

Norwegian Nynorsk: -fald, -felt

Swedish: -falt

From Proto-Germanic *-falþaz (“-fold”), from Proto-Indo-European *-poltos (“-fold”) from *pel- (“to fold”).


-dómr

-dómr

-dómr (indefinite nominative singular)
-dómrinn (definite nominative singular)
-dómar (indefinite nominative plural)
-dómarnir (definite nominative plural)
-dóm (accusative indefinite singular)
-dóminn (accusative definite singular)
-dóma (accusative indefinite plural)
-dómana (accusative definite plural)
-dómi (dative indefinite singular)
-dóminum (dative definite singular)
-dómum (dative indefinite plural)
-dómunum (dative definite plural)
-dóms (genitive indefinite singular)
-dómsins (definite genitive singular)
-dóma (genitive indefinite plural)
-dómanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: -dómur

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: -dømme

Norwegian Nynorsk: -døme

Old Swedish: -dōmber

Swedish: -dom, -döme

Danish: -dom, -dømme

From Proto-Germanic *-dōmaz, from *dōmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰóh₁mos (“thing put”). See also Old Norse dómr.

inh

forms nouns denoting the condition or state of the suffixed word

forms nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word


-ð

non-decl-blank-full

-ð

-ð (indefinite nominative singular)
-ðin (definite nominative singular)
-ðir (indefinite nominative plural)
-ðirnar (definite nominative plural)
-ð (accusative indefinite singular)
-ðina (accusative definite singular)
-ðir (accusative indefinite plural)
-ðirnar (accusative definite plural)
-ð (dative indefinite singular)
-ðinni (dative definite singular)
-ðum (dative indefinite plural)
-ðunum (dative definite plural)
-ðar (genitive indefinite singular)
-ðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
-ða (genitive indefinite plural)
-ðanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: -ð, -d, -t

Faroese: -d

Swedish: -d

Danish: -de

Norwegian: -de, -d

From Proto-Germanic *-iþō, from Proto-Indo-European *-(i)teh₂. Same as English -th.

-ness, -th; forms abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns


-iskr

From Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. Whence also English -ish. Note also the shorter form -skr.


-skr

Icelandic: -skur, -iskur

Faroese: -skur, -iskur

Norwegian Nynorsk: -sk, -isk

Swedish: -sk, -isk

Danish: -sk, -isk

Norwegian Bokmål: -sk, -isk

From Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. Whence also English -ish. Note also the longer form -iskr.


-ill

-la (feminine weak)
-ill (indefinite nominative singular)
-illinn (definite nominative singular)
-lar (indefinite nominative plural)
-larnir (definite nominative plural)
-il (accusative indefinite singular)
-ilinn (accusative definite singular)
-la (accusative indefinite plural)
-lana (accusative definite plural)
-li (dative indefinite singular)
-linum (dative definite singular)
-lum (dative indefinite plural)
-lunum (dative definite plural)
-ils (genitive indefinite singular)
-ilsins (definite genitive singular)
-la (genitive indefinite plural)
-lanna (definite genitive plural)

-ill

Icelandic: -ill

From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent suffix) and *-ilaz (diminutive suffix). Certain loanwords may be analyzed as having this suffix.


-ull

þegja (“to be silent, to shut up”) + -ull → þǫgull (“taciturn”)

forms adjectives from verbs with the meaning ‘inclined to’


-tigi

From Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz, plural of *teguz (“group of ten”).


-agr

Icelandic: -agur, -igur, -ugur

Faroese: -agur, -igur, -ugur

Norwegian: -ag, -ig, -ug

Swedish: -ig

Danish: -ig


-ingr

Icelandic: -ingur

Faroese: -ingur

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing

Norwegian Bokmål: -ing

Old Swedish: -inger

Swedish: -ing, -ling

Danish: -ing

added to a noun stem, effecting i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a student of a particular school, etc.


-vetr

Icelandic: -vetur

Norwegian Nynorsk: -vet m (in tvivet, tovet)

From Proto-Germanic *-wintruz, derived from *wintruz (“winter, year”), whence Old Norse vetr. Cognate with Old English -wintre and Gothic -𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (-wintrus).


-hǫfði

From hǫfuð (“head”) + -i. Compare adjective -hǫfðaðr (“-headed”).

ǫrn (“eagle”) + -hǫfði → Arnhǫfði (“Odin”), literally “eagle-headed one”