venja

venju (genitive)
venja (indefinite nominative singular)
venjan (definite nominative singular)
venjur (indefinite nominative plural)
venjurnar (definite nominative plural)
venju (accusative indefinite singular)
venjuna (accusative definite singular)
venjur (accusative indefinite plural)
venjurnar (accusative definite plural)
venju (dative indefinite singular)
venjunni (dative definite singular)
venjum (dative indefinite plural)
venjunum (dative definite plural)
venju (genitive indefinite singular)
venjunnar (definite genitive singular)
venja (genitive indefinite plural)
venjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

venja

Icelandic: venja


við

From Proto-Germanic *wiþiz, *wiþjǭ (“cord, rope”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyt- (“that which winds or bends, branch, switch”), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, wind, bend”).

der

viðjar af gulli


við

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


lús

lúsar (genitive)
lýss (plural)
lús (indefinite nominative singular)
lúsin (definite nominative singular)
lýss (indefinite nominative plural)
lýssnar (definite nominative plural)
lús (accusative indefinite singular)
lúsina (accusative definite singular)
lýss (accusative indefinite plural)
lýssnar (accusative definite plural)
lús (dative indefinite singular)
lúsinni (dative definite singular)
lúsum (dative indefinite plural)
lúsunum (dative definite plural)
lúsar (genitive indefinite singular)
lúsarinnar (definite genitive singular)
lúsa (genitive indefinite plural)
lúsanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

lús

Icelandic: lús

Faroese: lús

Norn: lus

Norwegian Nynorsk: lus

Norwegian Bokmål: lus

Old Swedish: lūs

Swedish: lus

Danish: lus

From Proto-Germanic *lūs. Compare Old English lūs, Old High German lūs.


fræ

non-noun

fræ n (genitive fræs, dative frævi, plural fræ)

fræs (genitive)
frævi (dative)
fræ (plural)
fræ (indefinite nominative singular)
fræit (definite nominative singular)
fræ (indefinite nominative plural)
fræin (definite nominative plural)
fræ (accusative indefinite singular)
fræit (accusative definite singular)
fræ (accusative indefinite plural)
fræin (accusative definite plural)
frævi (dative indefinite singular)
frævinu (dative definite singular)
frævum (dative indefinite plural)
frævunum (dative definite plural)
fræs (genitive indefinite singular)
fræsins (definite genitive singular)
fræva (genitive indefinite plural)
frævanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

fræ

Icelandic: frjó, fræ

Faroese: fræ

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: frø, fræ, frjo, fre, frjø

Norwegian Bokmål: frø

Swedish: frö

Danish: frø

From Proto-Germanic *fraiwą, whence also the variant frjó.


rót

non-decl-blank-full

rót

rót (indefinite nominative singular)
rótin (definite nominative singular)
rœtr (indefinite nominative plural)
rœtrnar (definite nominative plural)
rót (accusative indefinite singular)
rótina (accusative definite singular)
rœtr (accusative indefinite plural)
rœtrnar (accusative definite plural)
rót (dative indefinite singular)
rótinni (dative definite singular)
rótum (dative indefinite plural)
rótunum (dative definite plural)
rótar (genitive indefinite singular)
rótarinnar (definite genitive singular)
róta (genitive indefinite plural)
rótanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: rót

Faroese: rót

Norwegian: rot

Old Swedish: rōt
Swedish: rot

Danish: rod

Gutnish: rot

→ Old English: rōt

desctree

Middle English: rote, root, roote, rot, rotæ
English: root
→ Irish: rúta
Scots: ruit, rute


blóð

blóðs (genitive)
blóð (indefinite nominative singular)
blóðit (definite nominative singular)
blóð (accusative indefinite singular)
blóðit (accusative definite singular)
blóði (dative indefinite singular)
blóðinu (dative definite singular)
blóðs (genitive indefinite singular)
blóðsins (definite genitive singular)

non-decl-blank-sing

blóð

Icelandic: blóð

Faroese: blóð

Norwegian: blod

Old Swedish: blōþ, blodh

Swedish: blod

Old Danish: bloth
Danish: blod

From Proto-Germanic *blōþą (“blood”). Cognate with Old English blōd, Old Frisian blōd, Old Saxon blōd, Old Dutch bluot, Old High German bluot, Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸 (blōþ).

[…] or brimi bloðgu / ok or bláin leggju.

Vǫluspá, verse 9, lines 7-8, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2

[…] from Brimir's blood / and from Blain's limbs.

[…] þeir sem hans blóð ok afkuemi uaru drucknuðu ok fyrirforuz i Noa floði.

Stjórn 16, in 1862, C. R. Unger, Stjórn: gammelnorsk Bibelhistorie: fra Verdens Skabelse til det babyloniske Fangenskab. Christiania, page 47

[…] those of his offspring and progeny drowned and died in Noah's flood.


bein

beins (genitive)
bein (plural)
bein (indefinite nominative singular)
beinit (definite nominative singular)
bein (indefinite nominative plural)
beinin (definite nominative plural)
bein (accusative indefinite singular)
beinit (accusative definite singular)
bein (accusative indefinite plural)
beinin (accusative definite plural)
beini (dative indefinite singular)
beininu (dative definite singular)
beinum (dative indefinite plural)
beinunum (dative definite plural)
beins (genitive indefinite singular)
beinsins (definite genitive singular)
beina (genitive indefinite plural)
beinanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

bein

Icelandic: bein

Faroese: bein

Norn: ben

Norwegian Nynorsk: bein

→ Norwegian Bokmål: bein

Old Swedish: bēn

Swedish: ben

Danish: ben

Norwegian Bokmål: ben

Elfdalian: bien

Old Gutnish: bain

Gutnish: bain

From Proto-Germanic *bainą. Compare Old English bān, Old Saxon bēn, Old High German bein.


eyra

eyra

eyra (indefinite nominative singular)
eyrat (definite nominative singular)
eyru (indefinite nominative plural)
eyrun (definite nominative plural)
eyra (accusative indefinite singular)
eyrat (accusative definite singular)
eyru (accusative indefinite plural)
eyrun (accusative definite plural)
eyra (dative indefinite singular)
eyranu (dative definite singular)
eyrum (dative indefinite plural)
eyrunum (dative definite plural)
eyra (genitive indefinite singular)
eyrans (definite genitive singular)
eyrna (genitive indefinite plural)
eyrnanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: eyra

Faroese: oyra

Norwegian Nynorsk: øyra, øyre, øra, øre

Jamtish: ǿre

Elfdalian: ära

desctree

Old Swedish: ø̄ra
Swedish: öra, ör (dialectal)

Old Danish: ø̄ræ
Danish: øre
Norwegian Bokmål: øre
Scanian: ǿra

Old Gutnish: oyra

Gutnish: åire

From the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *ausô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows- (“ear”). Compare Old Dutch, Old High German, and Old Saxon ōra, Old English ēare, Old Frisian āre, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉 (ausō).


auga

auga (genitive)
augu (plural)
auga (indefinite nominative singular)
augat (definite nominative singular)
augu (indefinite nominative plural)
augun (definite nominative plural)
auga (accusative indefinite singular)
augat (accusative definite singular)
augu (accusative indefinite plural)
augun (accusative definite plural)
auga (dative indefinite singular)
auganu (dative definite singular)
augum (dative indefinite plural)
augunum (dative definite plural)
auga (genitive indefinite singular)
augans (definite genitive singular)
augna (genitive indefinite plural)
augnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

auga

Icelandic: auga

Faroese: eyga

Norwegian Nynorsk: auga n

desc

Norwegian: (dialectal) auga, aua, aue f or n, auwe, ouwe, ouga

Jamtish: ouge

Elfdalian: oga

Old Swedish: ø̄gha

Swedish: öga

→ Finnish: ööga

Scanian: yva

Old Danish: ø̄ghæ

Danish: øje

Norwegian Bokmål: øye

Gutnish: auge

From Proto-Norse *ᚨᚢᚷᛟ (*augo), from Proto-Germanic *augô (whence Old English ēaġe, Old Saxon ōga, Old High German ouga, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”); compare Latin oculus, Old Church Slavonic око (oko).


kné

knés (genitive)
kné (plural)
kné (indefinite nominative singular)
knéit (definite nominative singular)
kné (indefinite nominative plural)
knéin (definite nominative plural)
kné (accusative indefinite singular)
knéit (accusative definite singular)
kné (accusative indefinite plural)
knéin (accusative definite plural)
kné (dative indefinite singular)
knénu (dative definite singular)
knjám (dative indefinite plural)
knjóm (dative indefinite plural)
knjánum (dative definite plural)
knjónum (dative definite plural)
knés (genitive indefinite singular)
knésins (definite genitive singular)
knjá (genitive indefinite plural)
knjánna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

kné

Icelandic: kné, hné

Faroese: knæ

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: kne; (dialectal) ne, (h)nje

Old Swedish: knǣ

Swedish: knä

Old Danish: knæ

Danish: knæ

Norwegian Bokmål: kne

Gutnish: knei

From Proto-Germanic *knewą, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Compare Old Saxon knio, Old English cnēow, Old Frisian knī, Old High German kneo, Gothic 𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌿 (kniu).


brjóst

non-decl-blank-full

brjóst

brjóst (indefinite nominative singular)
brjóstit (definite nominative singular)
brjóst (indefinite nominative plural)
brjóstin (definite nominative plural)
brjóst (accusative indefinite singular)
brjóstit (accusative definite singular)
brjóst (accusative indefinite plural)
brjóstin (accusative definite plural)
brjósti (dative indefinite singular)
brjóstinu (dative definite singular)
brjóstum (dative indefinite plural)
brjóstunum (dative definite plural)
brjósts (genitive indefinite singular)
brjóstsins (definite genitive singular)
brjósta (genitive indefinite plural)
brjóstanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: brjóst

Norwegian: bryst

desctree

Old Swedish: bryst, ᛒᚱᛦᛋᛏ
Swedish: bröst

Danish: bryst

From Proto-Germanic *breustą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”).

der

(chiefly poetic) breast (a person's seat of emotion)


hjarta

non-noun

hjarta n (genitive hjarta, plural hjǫrtu)

hjarta (genitive)
hjǫrtu (plural)
hjarta (indefinite nominative singular)
hjartat (definite nominative singular)
hjǫrtu (indefinite nominative plural)
hjǫrtun (definite nominative plural)
hjarta (accusative indefinite singular)
hjartat (accusative definite singular)
hjǫrtu (accusative indefinite plural)
hjǫrtun (accusative definite plural)
hjarta (dative indefinite singular)
hjartanu (dative definite singular)
hjǫrtum (dative indefinite plural)
hjǫrtunum (dative definite plural)
hjarta (genitive indefinite singular)
hjartans (definite genitive singular)
hjartna (genitive indefinite plural)
hjartnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

hjarta

Icelandic: hjarta

Faroese: hjarta

Norn: hjarta

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: hjarta, hjarte, hjerta

Jamtish: hjarte

Elfdalian: järta

desctree

Old Swedish: hiærta
Swedish: hjärta, hjerta, järta (obsolete)
→ Finnish: hertta

Old Danish: hiartæ, hiærtæ

Scanian: hjarta

Danish: hjerte

Norwegian Bokmål: hjerte

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hjerte

Jutish: jaart

Gutnish: hjärte

From Proto-Germanic *hertô, whence also Old Saxon herta, Old Dutch herta, Old Frisian herte, Old English heorte, Old High German herza, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairtō). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Hugr einn þat veit,
er býr hjarta nær,
einn er hann sér of sefa;
ǫng er sótt verri
hveim snotrum manni

Hávamál 95 (tr. W. H. Auden and P. B. Taylor)

The mind alone knows what is near the heart,
Each is his own judge:
The worst sickness for a wise man
Is to crave what he cannot enjoy.


spýja

spýju (genitive)
spýja (indefinite nominative singular)
spýjan (definite nominative singular)
spýju (accusative indefinite singular)
spýjuna (accusative definite singular)
spýju (dative indefinite singular)
spýjunni (dative definite singular)
spýju (genitive indefinite singular)
spýjunnar (definite genitive singular)

non-decl-blank-sing

spýja


ýta

indefinite accusative/genitive plural of ýtar


leika

leika (genitive)
leiku (plural)
leiku (genitive)
leikur (plural)
leika (indefinite nominative singular)
leikat (definite nominative singular)
leiku (indefinite nominative plural)
leikun (definite nominative plural)
leika (accusative indefinite singular)
leikat (accusative definite singular)
leiku (accusative indefinite plural)
leikun (accusative definite plural)
leika (dative indefinite singular)
leikanu (dative definite singular)
leikum (dative indefinite plural)
leikunum (dative definite plural)
leika (genitive indefinite singular)
leikans (definite genitive singular)
leikna (genitive indefinite plural)
leiknanna (definite genitive plural)
leika (indefinite nominative singular)
leikan (definite nominative singular)
leikur (indefinite nominative plural)
leikurnar (definite nominative plural)
leiku (accusative indefinite singular)
leikuna (accusative definite singular)
leikur (accusative indefinite plural)
leikurnar (accusative definite plural)
leiku (dative indefinite singular)
leikunni (dative definite singular)
leikum (dative indefinite plural)
leikunum (dative definite plural)
leiku (genitive indefinite singular)
leikunnar (definite genitive singular)
leikna (genitive indefinite plural)
leiknanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

leika

leika

Norwegian Nynorsk: leike f

desc

Norwegian Bokmål: leke m or f, leike m or f


tungl

non-decl-blank-full

tungl

tungl (indefinite nominative singular)
tunglit (definite nominative singular)
tungl (indefinite nominative plural)
tunglin (definite nominative plural)
tungl (accusative indefinite singular)
tunglit (accusative definite singular)
tungl (accusative indefinite plural)
tunglin (accusative definite plural)
tungli (dative indefinite singular)
tunglinu (dative definite singular)
tunglum (dative indefinite plural)
tunglunum (dative definite plural)
tungls (genitive indefinite singular)
tunglsins (definite genitive singular)
tungla (genitive indefinite plural)
tunglanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: tungl

Faroese: tungl

Elfdalian: tunggel

Old Swedish: tungel

Swedish: (dated, dialectal) tungel

From Proto-Germanic *tunglą, cognate with Old High German *zungal (see there) and Old English tungol. Further etymology unknown; Pokorny reconstructs a PIE root *dengh- "to shine" just from this Germanic word and a Baltic word for "to seem, to appear" (Lithuanian diñga).


stjarna

non-noun

stjarna f (genitive stjǫrnu, plural stjǫrnur)

stjǫrnu (genitive)
stjǫrnur (plural)
stjarna (indefinite nominative singular)
stjarnan (definite nominative singular)
stjǫrnur (indefinite nominative plural)
stjǫrnurnar (definite nominative plural)
stjǫrnu (accusative indefinite singular)
stjǫrnuna (accusative definite singular)
stjǫrnur (accusative indefinite plural)
stjǫrnurnar (accusative definite plural)
stjǫrnu (dative indefinite singular)
stjǫrnunni (dative definite singular)
stjǫrnum (dative indefinite plural)
stjǫrnunum (dative definite plural)
stjǫrnu (genitive indefinite singular)
stjǫrnunnar (definite genitive singular)
stjarnna (genitive indefinite plural)
stjarnnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

stjarna

Icelandic: stjarna

Faroese: stjørna

Norn: sterna

Norwegian Bokmål: stjerne

Norwegian Nynorsk: stjerne

Old Swedish: stiærna
Swedish: stjärna

Old Danish: stiærnæ

Danish: stjerne

Elfdalian: stienna

Gutnish: stjännå, stjänne

Scanian: stjærna

desctree

→ Middle English: sterne, stern, starne, starn, sterrne, steorrne
English: starn (dialectal)
Scots: starn

From Proto-Germanic *sternǭ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Cognate with Old English steorra, Old Frisian stēra, Old Saxon sterro, Old Dutch sterno, sterro, Old High German sterno, sterro, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō).


ský

skýs (genitive)
ský (plural)
ský (indefinite nominative singular)
skýit (definite nominative singular)
ský (indefinite nominative plural)
skýin (definite nominative plural)
ský (accusative indefinite singular)
skýit (accusative definite singular)
ský (accusative indefinite plural)
skýin (accusative definite plural)
skýi (dative indefinite singular)
skýinu (dative definite singular)
skýjum (dative indefinite plural)
skýjunum (dative definite plural)
skýs (genitive indefinite singular)
skýsins (definite genitive singular)
skýja (genitive indefinite plural)
skýjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

ský

Icelandic: ský (“cloud”)

Faroese: skýggj (“cloud”)

Norwegian Nynorsk: sky f (“cloud”)

Old Swedish: skȳ (“cloud, sky”)

Swedish: sky (“sky, heaven”)

Old Danish: sky

Danish: sky (“cloud”)

Norwegian Bokmål: sky m or f (“cloud”)

desc

→ Middle English: sky, skie, ske (“cloud, sky”)

English: sky (“sky, (obsolete) cloud”)

Scots: sky, skie, skey, ske (“sky”)

Yola: skee

From Proto-Germanic *skiwją (“cloud, cloud cover; sky”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”).


þoka

þoku (genitive)
þokur (plural)
þoka (indefinite nominative singular)
þokan (definite nominative singular)
þokur (indefinite nominative plural)
þokurnar (definite nominative plural)
þoku (accusative indefinite singular)
þokuna (accusative definite singular)
þokur (accusative indefinite plural)
þokurnar (accusative definite plural)
þoku (dative indefinite singular)
þokunni (dative definite singular)
þokum (dative indefinite plural)
þokunum (dative definite plural)
þoku (genitive indefinite singular)
þokunnar (definite genitive singular)
þoka (genitive indefinite plural)
þokna (genitive indefinite plural)
þoka (definite genitive plural)
þoknanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

þoka

Icelandic: þoka

Faroese: toka

Norwegian Bokmål: tåke

Norwegian Nynorsk: tåke

Old Swedish: thoka, thoki, thøkn

Swedish: tåka, tåga, tåke, tåge, töcken

Old Danish: thokæ (later thoghæ)

Danish: tåge

Scanian: tága (f. var. A), táge (f. var. E)

Cognate with Danish tåge, Norwegian tåke, Swedish töcken and tjocka, Middle Low German dake, Old English *þuh (from geþuxian (“to become dark, cloudy”).


himinn

non-noun

himinn m (genitive himins, plural himnar)

himins (genitive)
himnar (plural)
himinn (indefinite nominative singular)
himinninn (definite nominative singular)
himnar (indefinite nominative plural)
himnarnir (definite nominative plural)
himin (accusative indefinite singular)
himininn (accusative definite singular)
himna (accusative indefinite plural)
himnana (accusative definite plural)
himni (dative indefinite singular)
himninum (dative definite singular)
himnum (dative indefinite plural)
himnunum (dative definite plural)
himins (genitive indefinite singular)
himinsins (definite genitive singular)
himna (genitive indefinite plural)
himnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

himinn

Icelandic: himinn, hifinn

Faroese: himin

Old Swedish: himin

Old Danish: himæn

Old Gutnish: himin

From Proto-Germanic *himinaz (“cloud cover, sky”). Cognate with Old English heofon, Old Saxon hevan, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱemen-, *ḱemer- (“stone, cloud, sky”).

inh

[…] var svá skirt veðr ok hreint, at hvergi sá ský á himni […]

Jóns saga 33, in 1858, J. Sigurðsson, G. Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 245

[…] the weather was so clear and bright that there were no clouds in the sky […]

[…] dýrki þér föður yðarn, þann er á himnum er.

Þorláks saga 6, in 1858, J. Sigurðsson, G. Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 95

[…] worshipped thy Father, who is in heaven.

(Christianity, especially in the plural) heaven, paradise


snjór

snjóvar (genitive)
snjór (indefinite nominative singular)
snjórinn (definite nominative singular)
snjóvar (indefinite nominative plural)
snjóvarnir (definite nominative plural)
snjó (accusative indefinite singular)
snjóinn (accusative definite singular)
snjóva (accusative indefinite plural)
snjóvana (accusative definite plural)
snjóvi (dative indefinite singular)
snjóvinum (dative definite singular)
snjóvum (dative indefinite plural)
snjóvunum (dative definite plural)
snjóvar (genitive indefinite singular)
snjóvar (definite genitive singular)
snjóva (genitive indefinite plural)
snjóvanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

snjór

Icelandic: snjór, snjár, snær

Faroese: snjógvur

Norn: snju, snaa

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: snjo, snø; (dialectal) snjór'e, sny

Norwegian Bokmål: snø

Jamtish: snǿ

Elfdalian: sniųo

Old Swedish: sniōr

Swedish: snö

Old Danish: sniō, snø̄, snē

Danish: sne

Norwegian Bokmål: sne

Scanian: sný

Gutnish: snåi

From Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos; cognates include the Old English snāw and the Old High German snēo.


aska

non-decl-blank-sing

aska

aska (indefinite nominative singular)
askan (definite nominative singular)
ǫsku (accusative indefinite singular)
ǫskuna (accusative definite singular)
ǫsku (dative indefinite singular)
ǫskunni (dative definite singular)
ǫsku (genitive indefinite singular)
ǫskunnar (definite genitive singular)

Icelandic: aska

Faroese: øska

Norwegian:

Bokmål: aske

Nynorsk: oske, oska

Old Swedish: aska

Swedish: aska

Old Danish: askæ

Danish: aske

From Proto-Germanic *askǭ, whence also Old English æsce (English ash), Old Saxon aska (Middle Low German asche), Old High German asca (German Asche), Dutch as, West Frisian jiske, Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō).


fjall

fjalls (genitive)
fjǫll (plural)
fjall (indefinite nominative singular)
fjallit (definite nominative singular)
fjǫll (indefinite nominative plural)
fjǫllin (definite nominative plural)
fjall (accusative indefinite singular)
fjallit (accusative definite singular)
fjǫll (accusative indefinite plural)
fjǫllin (accusative definite plural)
fjalli (dative indefinite singular)
fjallinu (dative definite singular)
fjǫllum (dative indefinite plural)
fjǫllunum (dative definite plural)
fjalls (genitive indefinite singular)
fjallsins (definite genitive singular)
fjalla (genitive indefinite plural)
fjallanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

fjall

Icelandic: fjall, fell

Faroese: fjall

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: fjell; (dialectal) fjall, fjadd, fjedl

Old Swedish: fiæl

Swedish: fjäll

Danish: fjeld

Norwegian Bokmål: fjell

→ Middle English: fell, fel

Scots: fell, fiold

English: fell

From Proto-Germanic *falisaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pels-.


vél

Icelandic: vél

From Proto-Norse *ᚹᛖᛚᚨ (*wela), from Proto-Germanic *wīlą (“craft, deceit”), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Old English wīl.


vika

non-decl-blank-full

vika

vika (indefinite nominative singular)
vikan (definite nominative singular)
vikur (indefinite nominative plural)
vikurnar (definite nominative plural)
viku (accusative indefinite singular)
vikuna (accusative definite singular)
vikur (accusative indefinite plural)
vikurnar (accusative definite plural)
viku (dative indefinite singular)
vikunni (dative definite singular)
vikum (dative indefinite plural)
vikunum (dative definite plural)
viku (genitive indefinite singular)
vikunnar (definite genitive singular)
vikna (genitive indefinite plural)
viknanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: vika

Faroese: vika

Norn: voga

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: veke, vika, viku; (dialectal) vyku, vuku, væka

Jamtish: vuku

Elfdalian: wiku, wikå

Old Swedish: vika
Swedish: vecka

Old Danish: uka, uku, wiku

Scanian: uga

Danish: uge

Norwegian Bokmål: uke

Old Gutnish: wika

Gutnish: vike, vika, viku, vikå

From Proto-Germanic *wikǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *weyg- (“to bend, wind, turn, yield”).


þak

þaks (genitive)
þǫk (plural)
þak (indefinite nominative singular)
þakit (definite nominative singular)
þǫk (indefinite nominative plural)
þǫkin (definite nominative plural)
þak (accusative indefinite singular)
þakit (accusative definite singular)
þǫk (accusative indefinite plural)
þǫkin (accusative definite plural)
þaki (dative indefinite singular)
þakinu (dative definite singular)
þǫkum (dative indefinite plural)
þǫkunum (dative definite plural)
þaks (genitive indefinite singular)
þaksins (definite genitive singular)
þaka (genitive indefinite plural)
þakanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

þak

Icelandic: þak

Faroese: tak

Norwegian: tak

Old Swedish: þak

Swedish: tak

Danish: tag

From Proto-Germanic *þaką, from Proto-Indo-European *teg-. Compare Old English þæc, Old Saxon thak, Old High German dah.


þjóð

þjóð

þjóð (indefinite nominative singular)
þjóðin (definite nominative singular)
þjóðar (indefinite nominative plural)
þjóðir (indefinite nominative plural)
þjóðarnar (definite nominative plural)
þjóðirnar (definite nominative plural)
þjóð (accusative indefinite singular)
þjóðina (accusative definite singular)
þjóðar (accusative indefinite plural)
þjóðir (accusative indefinite plural)
þjóðarnar (accusative definite plural)
þjóðirnar (accusative definite plural)
þjóð (dative indefinite singular)
þjóðu (dative indefinite singular)
þjóðinni (dative definite singular)
þjóðum (dative indefinite plural)
þjóðunum (dative definite plural)
þjóðar (genitive indefinite singular)
þjóðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
þjóða (genitive indefinite plural)
þjóðanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: þjóð

Faroese: tjóð

Norwegian Nynorsk: tjod

Old Swedish: þiōþ

Swedish: tjod

Old Danish: thjuth

Danish: Thy (place name)

Old Gutnish: þiauþ

Gutnish: tjaud

From Proto-Germanic *þeudō, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“tribe”), not to be confused with þjóð- (“very (good)”), from *þiudijaz. More at Middle English thede.

þjóðstefna

a meeting of the whole people, public meeting


þýða

þýða

þýða (indefinite nominative singular)
þýðan (definite nominative singular)
þýður (indefinite nominative plural)
þýðurnar (definite nominative plural)
þýðu (accusative indefinite singular)
þýðuna (accusative definite singular)
þýður (accusative indefinite plural)
þýðurnar (accusative definite plural)
þýðu (dative indefinite singular)
þýðunni (dative definite singular)
þýðum (dative indefinite plural)
þýðunum (dative definite plural)
þýðu (genitive indefinite singular)
þýðunnar (definite genitive singular)
þýðna (genitive indefinite plural)
þýðnanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: þýða


mund

Icelandic: mund

Old Swedish: mund

Old Danish: mund

From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”).
Further cognates see there.


regi

regi (genitive)
regi (indefinite nominative singular)
regin (definite nominative singular)
regi (accusative indefinite singular)
regina (accusative definite singular)
regi (dative indefinite singular)
reginni (dative definite singular)
regi (genitive indefinite singular)
reginnar (definite genitive singular)

non-decl-blank-sing

regi


þegn

non-decl-blank-full

þegn

þegn (indefinite nominative singular)
þegninn (definite nominative singular)
þegnar (indefinite nominative plural)
þegnarnir (definite nominative plural)
þegn (accusative indefinite singular)
þegninn (accusative definite singular)
þegna (accusative indefinite plural)
þegnana (accusative definite plural)
þegni (dative indefinite singular)
þegninum (dative definite singular)
þegnum (dative indefinite plural)
þegnunum (dative definite plural)
þegns (genitive indefinite singular)
þegnsins (definite genitive singular)
þegna (genitive indefinite plural)
þegnanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: þegn

Old Swedish: þæghn, þiæghn

Swedish: tegn, tägn


hors

hors

hors (indefinite nominative singular)
horsit (definite nominative singular)
hors (indefinite nominative plural)
horsin (definite nominative plural)
hors (accusative indefinite singular)
horsit (accusative definite singular)
hors (accusative indefinite plural)
horsin (accusative definite plural)
horsi (dative indefinite singular)
horsinu (dative definite singular)
horsum (dative indefinite plural)
horsunum (dative definite plural)
hors (genitive indefinite singular)
horsins (definite genitive singular)
horsa (genitive indefinite plural)
horsanna (definite genitive plural)


targa

tǫrgu (genitive)
targa (indefinite nominative singular)
targan (definite nominative singular)
tǫrgur (indefinite nominative plural)
tǫrgurnar (definite nominative plural)
tǫrgu (accusative indefinite singular)
tǫrguna (accusative definite singular)
tǫrgur (accusative indefinite plural)
tǫrgurnar (accusative definite plural)
tǫrgu (dative indefinite singular)
tǫrgunni (dative definite singular)
tǫrgum (dative indefinite plural)
tǫrgunum (dative definite plural)
tǫrgu (genitive indefinite singular)
tǫrgunnar (definite genitive singular)
targna (genitive indefinite plural)
targnanna (definite genitive plural)

targa

From Proto-Germanic *targǭ. Cognate with Old English targa, Old High German zarga (German Zarge).


þorn

þorns (genitive)
þornar (plural)
þorn (indefinite nominative singular)
þorninn (definite nominative singular)
þornar (indefinite nominative plural)
þornarnir (definite nominative plural)
þorn (accusative indefinite singular)
þorninn (accusative definite singular)
þorna (accusative indefinite plural)
þornana (accusative definite plural)
þorni (dative indefinite singular)
þorninum (dative definite singular)
þornum (dative indefinite plural)
þornunum (dative definite plural)
þorns (genitive indefinite singular)
þornsins (definite genitive singular)
þorna (genitive indefinite plural)
þornanna (definite genitive plural)

þorn

Icelandic: þorn

Faroese: torn

Old Swedish: þorn

Swedish: torn

Norwegian: torn

Danish: torn

From Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, whence also Old English þorn. From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).

þornar ok þistlar

spike, esp. the tongue of a buckle, pin of a brooch


aurum

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ær

ær (genitive)
ær (plural)
ær (indefinite nominative singular)
ærin (definite nominative singular)
ær (indefinite nominative plural)
ærnar (definite nominative plural)
á (accusative indefinite singular)
ána (accusative definite singular)
ær (accusative indefinite plural)
ærnar (accusative definite plural)
á (dative indefinite singular)
ánni (dative definite singular)
ám (dative indefinite plural)
ánum (dative definite plural)
ær (genitive indefinite singular)
ærinnar (definite genitive singular)
á (genitive indefinite plural)
ánna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

ær

Icelandic: ær

Faroese: ær

Norwegian Nynorsk: ærsaud, ærsau

Danish: ålam (Thy dialect)

From Proto-Germanic *awiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis.


keisari

keisari

keisari (indefinite nominative singular)
keisarinn (definite nominative singular)
keisarar (indefinite nominative plural)
keisararnir (definite nominative plural)
keisara (accusative indefinite singular)
keisarann (accusative definite singular)
keisara (accusative indefinite plural)
keisarana (accusative definite plural)
keisara (dative indefinite singular)
keisaranum (dative definite singular)
keisarum (dative indefinite plural)
keisarunum (dative definite plural)
keisara (genitive indefinite singular)
keisarans (definite genitive singular)
keisara (genitive indefinite plural)
keisaranna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: keisari

Faroese: keisari

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: keiser

Norwegian Nynorsk: keisar

Old Swedish: keysar, keysare

Swedish: kejsare

→ Finnish: keisari

Danish: kejser

Gutnish: kaisare

Borrowed from Old Saxon *keisar, *keisari, from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar (“emperor”). Doublet of Kjárr.


nes

ness (genitive)
nes (plural)
nes (indefinite nominative singular)
nesit (definite nominative singular)
nes (indefinite nominative plural)
nesin (definite nominative plural)
nes (accusative indefinite singular)
nesit (accusative definite singular)
nes (accusative indefinite plural)
nesin (accusative definite plural)
nesi (dative indefinite singular)
nesinu (dative definite singular)
nesjum (dative indefinite plural)
nesjunum (dative definite plural)
ness (genitive indefinite singular)
nessins (definite genitive singular)
nesja (genitive indefinite plural)
nesjanna (definite genitive plural)

nes

Icelandic: nes

Faroese: nes

Norwegian Nynorsk: nes

Swedish: näs

Danish: næs

Norwegian Bokmål: nes


langa

lǫngu (genitive)
langa (indefinite nominative singular)
langan (definite nominative singular)
lǫngur (indefinite nominative plural)
lǫngurnar (definite nominative plural)
lǫngu (accusative indefinite singular)
lǫnguna (accusative definite singular)
lǫngur (accusative indefinite plural)
lǫngurnar (accusative definite plural)
lǫngu (dative indefinite singular)
lǫngunni (dative definite singular)
lǫngum (dative indefinite plural)
lǫngunum (dative definite plural)
lǫngu (genitive indefinite singular)
lǫngunnar (definite genitive singular)
langna (genitive indefinite plural)
langnanna (definite genitive plural)

langa

Icelandic: langa

Faroese: longa

Norwegian Nynorsk: lange

Norwegian Bokmål: lange, longe

→ Irish: langa

→ Scottish Gaelic: langa

Probably related to langr (“long”), in reference to its length. Compare Dutch leng.


happ

Icelandic: happ

Faroese: happ

Norn: happ

desctree

→ Middle English: hap, happe, hape, heppe
English: hap
Yola: hap


epli

eplis (genitive)
epli (plural)
epli (indefinite nominative singular)
eplit (definite nominative singular)
epli (indefinite nominative plural)
eplin (definite nominative plural)
epli (accusative indefinite singular)
eplit (accusative definite singular)
epli (accusative indefinite plural)
eplin (accusative definite plural)
epli (dative indefinite singular)
eplinu (dative definite singular)
eplum (dative indefinite plural)
eplunum (dative definite plural)
eplis (genitive indefinite singular)
eplisins (definite genitive singular)
epla (genitive indefinite plural)
eplanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

epli

Icelandic: epli

Faroese: epli (“apple, potato”)

Norwegian Nynorsk: eple

Elfdalian: eppel

Old Swedish: æple

Swedish: äpple

Old Danish: æplæ

Danish: æble

Norwegian Bokmål: eple

Scanian: æble

Gutnish: äpple

→ Greenlandic: iipili

From Proto-Germanic *apaliją, *apluz (“apple, fruit”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl. Cognate with Old English æppel, Old Frisian appel, Old Saxon appel, Dutch appel, Old High German apful (German Apfel), Crimean Gothic apel. The Indo-European root is also the source of Old Irish ubull (Irish úll), Lithuanian obuolys, Proto-Slavic *ablъko (Russian я́блоко (jábloko)).


hest

accusative singular indefinite of hestr m


nata

Faroese: nota

Gutnish: nata

Norwegian Nynorsk: nata

⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: brennuttu

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *natǭ of unclear origin.


sokk

accusative singular indefinite of sokkr m


hof

hofs (genitive)
hof (plural)
hof (indefinite nominative singular)
hofit (definite nominative singular)
hof (indefinite nominative plural)
hofin (definite nominative plural)
hof (accusative indefinite singular)
hofit (accusative definite singular)
hof (accusative indefinite plural)
hofin (accusative definite plural)
hofi (dative indefinite singular)
hofinu (dative definite singular)
hofum (dative indefinite plural)
hofunum (dative definite plural)
hofs (genitive indefinite singular)
hofsins (definite genitive singular)
hofa (genitive indefinite plural)
hofanna (definite genitive plural)

hof

Icelandic: hof

Faroese: hov

Norwegian Nynorsk: hov, hov

Danish: hov

Swedish: hov

→ English: hof

From Proto-Germanic *hufą (“hill, house, temple”).

inh

[…] þeir er hörg ok hof / hátimbruðu, […]

Vǫluspá, verse 7, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2

[…] they who shrines and temples / high timbered, […]

(Germanic paganism) shrine, typically in a home of a farm

[…] út or óru / ölkjól hofi. […]

Hymiskviða, verse 33, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 48

[…] the ale-ship [CAULDRON] out from our house […]


pati

pata (genitive)
pati (indefinite nominative singular)
patinn (definite nominative singular)
patar (indefinite nominative plural)
patarnir (definite nominative plural)
pata (accusative indefinite singular)
patann (accusative definite singular)
pata (accusative indefinite plural)
patana (accusative definite plural)
pata (dative indefinite singular)
patanum (dative definite singular)
pǫtum (dative indefinite plural)
pǫtunum (dative definite plural)
pata (genitive indefinite singular)
patans (definite genitive singular)
pata (genitive indefinite plural)
patanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

pati


týsdagr

Icelandic: týsdagur (archaic)

Faroese: týsdagur

Norwegian Nynorsk: tysdag

Old Swedish: tīsdagher

Swedish: tisdag

Old Danish: tisdagh

Danish: tirsdag, tisdag

Norwegian Bokmål: tirsdag

Gutnish: teisdagar, teisdag

→ Finnish: tiistai

Calque of Proto-West Germanic *Tīwas dag (possibly via a later West-Germanic language), itself a calque of Latin diēs Martis


kýr

non-noun

kýr f (genitive kýr, dative kú, plural kýr)

kýr (genitive)
kú (dative)
kýr (plural)
kýr (indefinite nominative singular)
kýrin (definite nominative singular)
kýr (indefinite nominative plural)
kýrnar (definite nominative plural)
kú (accusative indefinite singular)
kúna (accusative definite singular)
kýr (accusative indefinite plural)
kýrnar (accusative definite plural)
kú (dative indefinite singular)
kúnni (dative definite singular)
kúm (dative indefinite plural)
kúnum (dative definite plural)
kýr (genitive indefinite singular)
kýrinnar (definite genitive singular)
kúa (genitive indefinite plural)
kúanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

kýr

Icelandic: kýr

Faroese: kúgv, kú

Norwegian Nynorsk: ku

Norwegian Bokmål: ku

Jamtish: kú

Elfdalian: tjyr


ari

ara (genitive)
arar (plural)
ari (indefinite nominative singular)
arinn (definite nominative singular)
arar (indefinite nominative plural)
ararnir (definite nominative plural)
ara (accusative indefinite singular)
arann (accusative definite singular)
ara (accusative indefinite plural)
arana (accusative definite plural)
ara (dative indefinite singular)
aranum (dative definite singular)
ǫrum (dative indefinite plural)
ǫrunum (dative definite plural)
ara (genitive indefinite singular)
arans (definite genitive singular)
ara (genitive indefinite plural)
aranna (definite genitive plural)

ari

Icelandic: ari

Norwegian Nynorsk: are

From Proto-Germanic *arô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“eagle”).


sefa

accusative/dative/genitive singular of sefi


tíð

tíðar (genitive)
tíðir (plural)
tíð (indefinite nominative singular)
tíðin (definite nominative singular)
tíðir (indefinite nominative plural)
tíðirnar (definite nominative plural)
tíð (accusative indefinite singular)
tíðina (accusative definite singular)
tíðir (accusative indefinite plural)
tíðirnar (accusative definite plural)
tíð (dative indefinite singular)
tíðinni (dative definite singular)
tíðum (dative indefinite plural)
tíðunum (dative definite plural)
tíðar (genitive indefinite singular)
tíðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
tíða (genitive indefinite plural)
tíðanna (definite genitive plural)

tíð

Icelandic: tíð

Faroese: tíð

Norwegian Nynorsk: tid

Norwegian Bokmål: tid

Elfdalian: taið

desctree

Old Swedish: tīþ
Swedish: tid
→ Elfdalian: tið

Danish: tid

From Proto-Germanic *tīdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *dīti- (“time, period”), from *dī- (“time”). Compare Old English tīd (English tide), Old Frisian tīd (West Frisian tiid), Old Saxon tīd (Low German Tied), Old Dutch tīt (Dutch tijd), Old High German zīt (German Zeit); compare also Old Armenian տի (ti).

der

(grammar) ending, termination (ending in nouns and verbs)


vilja

inflection of vili:
indefinite accusative singular/plural

inflection of vili:
indefinite dative/genitive singular

inflection of vili:
indefinite genitive plural


helgi

non-decl-blank-sing

helgi

helgi (indefinite nominative singular)
helgin (definite nominative singular)
helgi (accusative indefinite singular)
helgina (accusative definite singular)
helgi (dative indefinite singular)
helginni (dative definite singular)
helgi (genitive indefinite singular)
helginnar (definite genitive singular)

Icelandic: helgi (2)

Faroese: halgi

heilagr (“holy”) + -i (“abstract noun suffix; -ness”).


hyggja

non-decl-blank-full

hyggja

hyggja (indefinite nominative singular)
hyggjan (definite nominative singular)
hyggjur (indefinite nominative plural)
hyggjurnar (definite nominative plural)
hyggju (accusative indefinite singular)
hyggjuna (accusative definite singular)
hyggjur (accusative indefinite plural)
hyggjurnar (accusative definite plural)
hyggju (dative indefinite singular)
hyggjunni (dative definite singular)
hyggjum (dative indefinite plural)
hyggjunum (dative definite plural)
hyggju (genitive indefinite singular)
hyggjunnar (definite genitive singular)
hyggna (genitive indefinite plural)
hyggnanna (definite genitive plural)


ást

ástar (genitive)
ástir (plural)
ást (indefinite nominative singular)
ástin (definite nominative singular)
ástir (indefinite nominative plural)
ástirnar (definite nominative plural)
ást (accusative indefinite singular)
ástina (accusative definite singular)
ástir (accusative indefinite plural)
ástirnar (accusative definite plural)
ást (dative indefinite singular)
ástinni (dative definite singular)
ástum (dative indefinite plural)
ástunum (dative definite plural)
ástar (genitive indefinite singular)
ástarinnar (definite genitive singular)
ásta (genitive indefinite plural)
ástanna (definite genitive plural)

ást

Icelandic: ást

Faroese: ást

Norwegian Nynorsk: åst

Norwegian Bokmål: åst

Danish: ast

→ Swedish: ast


þrá

þrár (genitive)
þrá (indefinite nominative singular)
þráin (definite nominative singular)
þrár (indefinite nominative plural)
þrárnar (definite nominative plural)
þrá (accusative indefinite singular)
þráina (accusative definite singular)
þrár (accusative indefinite plural)
þrárnar (accusative definite plural)
þrá (dative indefinite singular)
þráinni (dative definite singular)
þrám (dative indefinite plural)
þránum (dative definite plural)
þrár (genitive indefinite singular)
þrárinnar (definite genitive singular)
þrá (genitive indefinite plural)
þránna (definite genitive plural)

þrá

Icelandic: þrá

Faroese: trá

Norn: trå

Norwegian Nynorsk: trå

Norwegian Bokmål: trå

Old Swedish: þrā, thrā

Swedish: trå, åtrå

Old Danish: thraa, attraa

Danish: attrå

Norwegian Bokmål: attrå

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: attrå

From Proto-Germanic *þrawō f (“longing, suffering”). Akin to Old English þrēa and Middle High German drō.


þrá

non-decl-blank-full

þrá

þrá (indefinite nominative singular)
þráit (definite nominative singular)
þrá (indefinite nominative plural)
þráin (definite nominative plural)
þrá (accusative indefinite singular)
þráit (accusative definite singular)
þrá (accusative indefinite plural)
þráin (accusative definite plural)
þrá (dative indefinite singular)
þrái (dative indefinite singular)
þránu (dative definite singular)
þráinu (dative definite singular)
þrám (dative indefinite plural)
þránum (dative definite plural)
þrás (genitive indefinite singular)
þrásins (definite genitive singular)
þrá (genitive indefinite plural)
þránna (definite genitive plural)

From the adjective þrár (“stubborn, obstinate”).


þrá

inflection of þrái m:
oblique singular indefinite

inflection of þrái m:
accusative/genitive plural indefinite


síða

síða

síða (indefinite nominative singular)
síðan (definite nominative singular)
síður (indefinite nominative plural)
síðurnar (definite nominative plural)
síðu (accusative indefinite singular)
síðuna (accusative definite singular)
síður (accusative indefinite plural)
síðurnar (accusative definite plural)
síðu (dative indefinite singular)
síðunni (dative definite singular)
síðum (dative indefinite plural)
síðunum (dative definite plural)
síðu (genitive indefinite singular)
síðunnar (definite genitive singular)
síðna (genitive indefinite plural)
síðnanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: síða

Faroese: síða

Norwegian Bokmål: side

Norwegian Nynorsk: side

Old Swedish: sīþa

Swedish: sida

Danish: side

From Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ, whence also Old English sīde, Old High German sīta.


ætt

ættar (genitive)
ættir (plural)
ætt (indefinite nominative singular)
ættin (definite nominative singular)
ættir (indefinite nominative plural)
ættirnar (definite nominative plural)
ætt (accusative indefinite singular)
ættina (accusative definite singular)
ættir (accusative indefinite plural)
ættirnar (accusative definite plural)
ætt (dative indefinite singular)
ættinni (dative definite singular)
ættum (dative indefinite plural)
ættunum (dative definite plural)
ættar (genitive indefinite singular)
ættarinnar (definite genitive singular)
ætta (genitive indefinite plural)
ættanna (definite genitive plural)

ætt

→ English: aett

Icelandic: átt, ætt

Faroese: ætt

Norwegian Nynorsk: ætt

Old Swedish: æt

Swedish: ätt

Danish: æt

Norwegian Bokmål: ætt

From Proto-Germanic *aihtiz (“possession, property”).

ætterni

descent, extraction, origin; family, kindred, kinsmen

ættgengr

characteristic of one's family, born in the blood

ættleri

a degenerate person, a discredit to a family


leið

non-decl-blank-full

leið

leið (indefinite nominative singular)
leiðin (definite nominative singular)
leiðar (indefinite nominative plural)
leiðir (indefinite nominative plural)
leiðarnar (definite nominative plural)
leiðirnar (definite nominative plural)
leið (accusative indefinite singular)
leiðina (accusative definite singular)
leiðar (accusative indefinite plural)
leiðir (accusative indefinite plural)
leiðarnar (accusative definite plural)
leiðirnar (accusative definite plural)
leið (dative indefinite singular)
leiðinni (dative definite singular)
leiðum (dative indefinite plural)
leiðunum (dative definite plural)
leiðar (genitive indefinite singular)
leiðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
leiða (genitive indefinite plural)
leiðanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: leið

Faroese: leið

Norwegian Nynorsk: leid, lei

Norwegian Bokmål: lei

Old Swedish: lēþ

Swedish: led

Danish: led

Norwegian Bokmål: led

a local assembly (in the Icelandic Commonwealth)


svín

svín

svín (indefinite nominative singular)
svínit (definite nominative singular)
svín (indefinite nominative plural)
svínin (definite nominative plural)
svín (accusative indefinite singular)
svínit (accusative definite singular)
svín (accusative indefinite plural)
svínin (accusative definite plural)
svíni (dative indefinite singular)
svíninu (dative definite singular)
svínum (dative indefinite plural)
svínunum (dative definite plural)
svíns (genitive indefinite singular)
svínsins (definite genitive singular)
svína (genitive indefinite plural)
svínanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: svín

Faroese: svín

Norn: svin

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: svin; (dialectal) svingn

Jamtish: svýn

Old Swedish: svīn

Swedish: svin

Danish: svin

Norwegian Bokmål: svin

From Proto-Germanic *swīną, from an adjectival form of Proto-Indo-European *sū-.


andlit

non-noun

andlit n (genitive andlits, plural andlit)

andlits (genitive)
andlit (plural)
andlit (indefinite nominative singular)
andlitit (definite nominative singular)
andlit (indefinite nominative plural)
andlitin (definite nominative plural)
andlit (accusative indefinite singular)
andlitit (accusative definite singular)
andlit (accusative indefinite plural)
andlitin (accusative definite plural)
andliti (dative indefinite singular)
andlitinu (dative definite singular)
andlitum (dative indefinite plural)
andlitunum (dative definite plural)
andlits (genitive indefinite singular)
andlitsins (definite genitive singular)
andlita (genitive indefinite plural)
andlitanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

andlit

Icelandic: andlit

Faroese: andlit

Norwegian Bokmål: andlet

Norwegian Nynorsk: andlit (obsolete), andlet

Swedish: anlete

Danish: anled (obsolete)

From Proto-Germanic *andawlitją, whence also German Antlitz. Corresponds to and- + lit.


hross

hross (genitive)
hross (plural)
hross (indefinite nominative singular)
hrossit (definite nominative singular)
hross (indefinite nominative plural)
hrossin (definite nominative plural)
hross (accusative indefinite singular)
hrossit (accusative definite singular)
hross (accusative indefinite plural)
hrossin (accusative definite plural)
hrossi (dative indefinite singular)
hrossinu (dative definite singular)
hrossum (dative indefinite plural)
hrossunum (dative definite plural)
hross (genitive indefinite singular)
hrossins (definite genitive singular)
hrossa (genitive indefinite plural)
hrossanna (definite genitive plural)

hross

Icelandic: hross, hors

Faroese: ross, hors

Norn: russ

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: røss-

Norwegian Nynorsk: hors (“mare”)

Old Swedish: hors

Swedish: russ, hors (dialectal)

Danish: hors (dialectal)

Gutnish: russ

From Proto-Germanic *hrussą (perhaps from a form *hrussa- ‘runner, racer’), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Cognate with Old Saxon hros (Dutch ros), Old High German hros, ros (German Ross), Old English hors (English horse); and, outside the Germanic languages, with Latin currō (“run, race”).


nauð

nauð

nauð (indefinite nominative singular)
nauðin (definite nominative singular)
nauðir (indefinite nominative plural)
nauðirnar (definite nominative plural)
nauð (accusative indefinite singular)
nauðina (accusative definite singular)
nauðir (accusative indefinite plural)
nauðirnar (accusative definite plural)
nauð (dative indefinite singular)
nauðinni (dative definite singular)
nauðum (dative indefinite plural)
nauðunum (dative definite plural)
nauðar (genitive indefinite singular)
nauðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
nauða (genitive indefinite plural)
nauðanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: nauð, neyð

Faroese: neyð

Norwegian Nynorsk: naud

Old Swedish: nø̄þ

Swedish: nöd

Danish: nød

Norwegian Bokmål: nød

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: nød

From Proto-Norse *ᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᛉ (*naudiʀ), from Proto-Germanic *naudiz, *nauþiz. Compare Old English nīed, nēad (English need), Old Frisian nēd (West Frisian need), Old Saxon nōd (Low German noot), Old High German nōt (German Not), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (nauþs).


kista

kista

kista (indefinite nominative singular)
kistan (definite nominative singular)
kistur (indefinite nominative plural)
kisturnar (definite nominative plural)
kistu (accusative indefinite singular)
kistuna (accusative definite singular)
kistur (accusative indefinite plural)
kisturnar (accusative definite plural)
kistu (dative indefinite singular)
kistunni (dative definite singular)
kistum (dative indefinite plural)
kistunum (dative definite plural)
kistu (genitive indefinite singular)
kistunnar (definite genitive singular)
kistna (genitive indefinite plural)
kistnanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: kista

Faroese: kista

Norwegian Nynorsk: kiste

Norwegian Bokmål: kiste

Swedish: kista

Danish: kiste

From Latin cista, itself from Ancient Greek κίστη (kístē).


laug

laugar (genitive)
laugar (plural)
laug (indefinite nominative singular)
laugin (definite nominative singular)
laugar (indefinite nominative plural)
laugarnar (definite nominative plural)
laug (accusative indefinite singular)
laugina (accusative definite singular)
laugar (accusative indefinite plural)
laugarnar (accusative definite plural)
laug (dative indefinite singular)
laugu (dative indefinite singular)
lauginni (dative definite singular)
laugunni (dative definite singular)
laugum (dative indefinite plural)
laugunum (dative definite plural)
laugar (genitive indefinite singular)
laugarinnar (definite genitive singular)
lauga (genitive indefinite plural)
lauganna (definite genitive plural)

laug

Icelandic: laug

Faroese: leyg

Norwegian Nynorsk: laug

→ Norwegian Bokmål: laug

Old Swedish: løgh

Swedish: lög

Old Danish: løgh

Danish: løv, lø, løj, lørdag, Løgum (placename)

From Proto-Germanic *laugō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃-.

fyrir sunnan ána eru laugar

to the south of the river are hot springs


þjónusta

þjónusta

þjónusta (indefinite nominative singular)
þjónustan (definite nominative singular)
þjónustur (indefinite nominative plural)
þjónusturnar (definite nominative plural)
þjónustu (accusative indefinite singular)
þjónustuna (accusative definite singular)
þjónustur (accusative indefinite plural)
þjónusturnar (accusative definite plural)
þjónustu (dative indefinite singular)
þjónustunni (dative definite singular)
þjónustum (dative indefinite plural)
þjónustunum (dative definite plural)
þjónustu (genitive indefinite singular)
þjónustunnar (definite genitive singular)
þjónustna (genitive indefinite plural)
þjónustnanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: þjónusta

Norwegian Nynorsk: tenest, teneste

Old Swedish: þiænist

Swedish: tjänst c

Danish: tjeneste c

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tjeneste m

From Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz, made from *þewanōną, whence Old Norse þjóna.

þjónostulauss

without sacrament; without divine service


rauf

Icelandic: rauf

Faroese: reyv

Norwegian Nynorsk: ræv, rauv

Norwegian Bokmål: ræv

Swedish: röv

Danish: røv

Raufar himins.


bylgja

bylgja

bylgja (indefinite nominative singular)
bylgjan (definite nominative singular)
bylgjur (indefinite nominative plural)
bylgjurnar (definite nominative plural)
bylgju (accusative indefinite singular)
bylgjuna (accusative definite singular)
bylgjur (accusative indefinite plural)
bylgjurnar (accusative definite plural)
bylgju (dative indefinite singular)
bylgjunni (dative definite singular)
bylgjum (dative indefinite plural)
bylgjunum (dative definite plural)
bylgju (genitive indefinite singular)
bylgjunnar (definite genitive singular)
bylgna (genitive indefinite plural)
bylgnanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: bylgja

Faroese: bylgja

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: bylgja, bylgju, bylgje, bølgje; (dialectal) bulgje

Swedish: bölja

Danish: bølge

Norwegian Bokmål: bølge

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bølge

→ Middle English: *bilowe, *bilewe, *bilwe, *bilȝe

English: billow

From Proto-Germanic *bulgijō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-.


gleði

gleði (genitive)
gleði (indefinite nominative singular)
gleðin (definite nominative singular)
gleði (accusative indefinite singular)
gleðina (accusative definite singular)
gleði (dative indefinite singular)
gleðinni (dative definite singular)
gleði (genitive indefinite singular)
gleðinnar (definite genitive singular)

non-decl-blank-sing

gleði

From Proto-Germanic *gladį̄, equivalent to glaðr + -i.


sjón

non-decl-blank-full

sjón

sjón (indefinite nominative singular)
sjónin (definite nominative singular)
sjónir (indefinite nominative plural)
sjónirnar (definite nominative plural)
sjón (accusative indefinite singular)
sjónina (accusative definite singular)
sjónir (accusative indefinite plural)
sjónirnar (accusative definite plural)
sjón (dative indefinite singular)
sjóninni (dative definite singular)
sjónum (dative indefinite plural)
sjónunum (dative definite plural)
sjónar (genitive indefinite singular)
sjónarinnar (definite genitive singular)
sjóna (genitive indefinite plural)
sjónanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: sjón

Faroese: sjón

Norwegian Nynorsk: sjon, sjun


bál

Icelandic: bál (“a fire”)

Faroese: bál n

Norwegian: bål (“pyre, fire, bonfire”)

Swedish: bål (“pyre, bonfire”)

Danish: bål (“pyre, bonfire”)

From Proto-Germanic *bēlą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-. Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit भाल (bhāla, “splendour”), Old English bǣl, Ancient Greek φαλός (phalós, “white”) and Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”).

Fjǫlð ek fór, · fjǫlð freistaða’k,
fjǫlð ek reynda regin;
Hvat mælti Óðinn · áðr á bál stigi

Far I travelled, far I tempted,
far I tested the Powers.
What spoke Woden, before onto the pyre he stepped,
himself, in his son’s ear?


hljóð

hljóðs (genitive)
hljóð (plural)
hljóð (indefinite nominative singular)
hljóðit (definite nominative singular)
hljóð (indefinite nominative plural)
hljóðin (definite nominative plural)
hljóð (accusative indefinite singular)
hljóðit (accusative definite singular)
hljóð (accusative indefinite plural)
hljóðin (accusative definite plural)
hljóði (dative indefinite singular)
hljóðinu (dative definite singular)
hljóðum (dative indefinite plural)
hljóðunum (dative definite plural)
hljóðs (genitive indefinite singular)
hljóðsins (definite genitive singular)
hljóða (genitive indefinite plural)
hljóðanna (definite genitive plural)

hljóð

Icelandic: hljóð n

Faroese: ljóð n

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: ljod m or n, (dialectal) ljø, ly

Old Swedish: liūþ

Swedish: ljud c

Old Danish: liud

Danish: lyd c

Norwegian Bokmål: lyd m

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lyd m

→ Scots: luid

From Proto-Germanic *hleuþą (“sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-to-, derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- (“hear”).

Hljóðs bið ek allar / helgar kindir, […]

Vǫluspá, verse 1, lines 1-2, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 1

For silence I ask / all holy kindreds […]

Þorfinnr kom aungu hljóði í lúðrinn, […]

Saga Hákonar, Guttorms ok Inga 12, in 1835, F. Magnússon, C. C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur, Volume IX. Copenhagen, page 30

Thorfinn couldn't blow a sound from the trumpet, […]

[…] þangat mantu heyra söng fagran ok hljóð mikit ok dýrðlikt, […]

Guðmundar saga 28, in 1858, J. Sigurðsson, G. Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 454

[…] thither you will hear songs beautiful and music great and glorious, […]


járn

Icelandic: járn

Faroese: jarn

Norwegian Nynorsk: jarn

Jamtish: járn

Elfdalian: ienn

Old Swedish: iærn, iarn

Swedish: järn

Old Danish: jarn, iærn, iarn

Danish: jern, jærn

Norwegian Bokmål: jern

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: jern (partially from dialects with j-umlaut)

Scanian: jærn

Gutnish: jan

From Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Cognate with Old English īsern and Old High German isarn.


lykt

non-decl-blank-full

lykt

lykt (indefinite nominative singular)
lyktin (definite nominative singular)
lyktir (indefinite nominative plural)
lyktirnar (definite nominative plural)
lykt (accusative indefinite singular)
lyktina (accusative definite singular)
lyktir (accusative indefinite plural)
lyktirnar (accusative definite plural)
lykt (dative indefinite singular)
lyktinni (dative definite singular)
lyktum (dative indefinite plural)
lyktunum (dative definite plural)
lyktar (genitive indefinite singular)
lyktarinnar (definite genitive singular)
lykta (genitive indefinite plural)
lyktanna (definite genitive plural)


fjara

fjǫru (genitive)
fjara (indefinite nominative singular)
fjaran (definite nominative singular)
fjǫrur (indefinite nominative plural)
fjǫrurnar (definite nominative plural)
fjǫru (accusative indefinite singular)
fjǫruna (accusative definite singular)
fjǫrur (accusative indefinite plural)
fjǫrurnar (accusative definite plural)
fjǫru (dative indefinite singular)
fjǫrunni (dative definite singular)
fjǫrum (dative indefinite plural)
fjǫrunum (dative definite plural)
fjǫru (genitive indefinite singular)
fjǫrunnar (definite genitive singular)
fjarna (genitive indefinite plural)
fjarnanna (definite genitive plural)

fjara

Icelandic: fjara

Faroese: fjøra, fjara

desc

Norwegian: fjøre (← gen. fjǫru), fjere, fjære; (dialectal) fjuru

→ Norwegian Bokmål: fjøre, fjære

Swedish: fjär; (dialectal) fjära, fjöra


gumi

non-noun

gumi m (genitive guma, plural gumar or gumnar)

guma (genitive)
gumar (plural)
gumnar (plural)
gumi (indefinite nominative singular)
guminn (definite nominative singular)
gumar (indefinite nominative plural)
gumnar (indefinite nominative plural)
gumarnir (definite nominative plural)
gumnarnir (definite nominative plural)
guma (accusative indefinite singular)
gumann (accusative definite singular)
guma (accusative indefinite plural)
gumna (accusative indefinite plural)
gumana (accusative definite plural)
gumnana (accusative definite plural)
guma (dative indefinite singular)
gumanum (dative definite singular)
gumum (dative indefinite plural)
gumnum (dative indefinite plural)
gumunum (dative definite plural)
gumnunum (dative definite plural)
guma (genitive indefinite singular)
gumans (definite genitive singular)
gumna (genitive indefinite plural)
gumnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

gumi

Danish: brudgom, gom

Icelandic: gumi

Norwegian: gume

Swedish: brudgum

From Proto-Germanic *gumô, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō.


líkami

líkami

líkami (indefinite nominative singular)
líkaminn (definite nominative singular)
líkamar (indefinite nominative plural)
líkamarnir (definite nominative plural)
líkama (accusative indefinite singular)
líkamann (accusative definite singular)
líkama (accusative indefinite plural)
líkamana (accusative definite plural)
líkama (dative indefinite singular)
líkamanum (dative definite singular)
líkǫmum (dative indefinite plural)
líkǫmunum (dative definite plural)
líkama (genitive indefinite singular)
líkamans (definite genitive singular)
líkama (genitive indefinite plural)
líkamanna (definite genitive plural)

Faroese: likamur m, likam n

Icelandic: líkami, líkamur

Danish: legeme

→ Norwegian Bokmål: legeme

Norwegian Nynorsk: lekam

Old Swedish: līkami, likamin

Swedish: lekamen

From Proto-Germanic *līkahamô, a compound of *līką (“body”) + *hamô (“skin, slough”).


ævi

Icelandic: ævi f

Faroese: ævi f

Norwegian Nynorsk: æve f

Old Swedish: äve n pl

Swedish: äva f (dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *aiwį̄, from *aiwaz, *aiwiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂oyus, *h₂eyus (“(allotted) lifetime”). Germanic cognates include Old English ǣ(w) (“law”), Old Frisian ēwe, Old High German ēwa (“eternity”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 (aiws, “age, eternity”). Accusative singular form in Proto-Germanic *aiwį was used as an adverb meaning "ever", and thence came Old Norse æ (“ever, always”). Indo-European cognates include Latin aevum, Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn), Sanskrit आयुस् (ā́yus, “life, vital power”) and Old Armenian ոչ (očʻ, “not”).


skyrta

skyrtu (genitive)
skyrta (indefinite nominative singular)
skyrtan (definite nominative singular)
skyrtur (indefinite nominative plural)
skyrturnar (definite nominative plural)
skyrtu (accusative indefinite singular)
skyrtuna (accusative definite singular)
skyrtur (accusative indefinite plural)
skyrturnar (accusative definite plural)
skyrtu (dative indefinite singular)
skyrtunni (dative definite singular)
skyrtum (dative indefinite plural)
skyrtunum (dative definite plural)
skyrtu (genitive indefinite singular)
skyrtunnar (definite genitive singular)
skyrtna (genitive indefinite plural)
skyrtnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

skyrta

Icelandic: skyrta

Faroese: skjúrta

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: skyrta, skjorte (possibly from Swedish); (dialectal) skjørte, skjurte

Old Swedish: skiurta, skiorta

Swedish: skjorta

Danish: skjorte

Norwegian Bokmål: skjorte

desctree

→ Middle English: skyrte, skyrt, skirt, skirte, skyrtt, skyrthe, scyrt, scyrtte, skyrtte
English: skirt (see there for further descendants)
Scots: skirt

→ Welsh: sgert

→ Middle Irish: scirta

Irish: sciorta


kinn

kinnar (genitive)
kinnr (plural)
kinn (indefinite nominative singular)
kinnin (definite nominative singular)
kinnr (indefinite nominative plural)
kiðr (indefinite nominative plural)
kinnrnar (definite nominative plural)
kinn (accusative indefinite singular)
kinnina (accusative definite singular)
kinnr (accusative indefinite plural)
kiðr (accusative indefinite plural)
kinnrnar (accusative definite plural)
kinn (dative indefinite singular)
kinninni (dative definite singular)
kinnum (dative indefinite plural)
kinnunum (dative definite plural)
kinnar (genitive indefinite singular)
kinnarinnar (definite genitive singular)
kinna (genitive indefinite plural)
kinnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

kinn

Icelandic: kinn

Faroese: kinn

Norwegian Nynorsk: kinn

Norwegian Bokmål: kinn

Old Swedish: kin

Swedish: kind

Danish: kind

From Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”).


eik

non-noun

eik f (genitive eikar or eikr, plural eikr)

eikar (genitive)
eikr (genitive)
eikr (plural)

Icelandic: eik f

Faroese: eik f

Norwegian Nynorsk: eik f

→ Norwegian Bokmål: eik m or f

Old Swedish: ēk

Swedish: ek c

Danish: eg c

Norwegian Bokmål: ek m

Gutnish: aik

From Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).


lind

non-decl-blank-full

lind

lind (indefinite nominative singular)
lindin (definite nominative singular)
lindar (indefinite nominative plural)
lindarnar (definite nominative plural)
lind (accusative indefinite singular)
lindina (accusative definite singular)
lindar (accusative indefinite plural)
lindarnar (accusative definite plural)
lind (dative indefinite singular)
lindinni (dative definite singular)
lindum (dative indefinite plural)
lindunum (dative definite plural)
lindar (genitive indefinite singular)
lindarinnar (definite genitive singular)
linda (genitive indefinite plural)
lindanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: lind

Faroese: lind

Norwegian Nynorsk: lind

Swedish: lind c

Danish: lind c

Norwegian Bokmål: lind m or f

(poetic) linden shield, spear-shaft (weaponry or gear made from lime)


naðra

nǫðru (genitive)
nǫðrur (plural)
naðra (indefinite nominative singular)
naðran (definite nominative singular)
nǫðrur (indefinite nominative plural)
nǫðrurnar (definite nominative plural)
nǫðru (accusative indefinite singular)
nǫðruna (accusative definite singular)
nǫðrur (accusative indefinite plural)
nǫðrurnar (accusative definite plural)
nǫðru (dative indefinite singular)
nǫðrunni (dative definite singular)
nǫðrum (dative indefinite plural)
nǫðrunum (dative definite plural)
nǫðru (genitive indefinite singular)
nǫðrunnar (definite genitive singular)
naðrna (genitive indefinite plural)
naðrnanna (definite genitive plural)

naðra

Icelandic: naðra

Swedish: nädra


boð

boðs (genitive)
boð (plural)
boð (indefinite nominative singular)
boðit (definite nominative singular)
boð (indefinite nominative plural)
boðin (definite nominative plural)
boð (accusative indefinite singular)
boðit (accusative definite singular)
boð (accusative indefinite plural)
boðin (accusative definite plural)
boði (dative indefinite singular)
boðinu (dative definite singular)
boðum (dative indefinite plural)
boðunum (dative definite plural)
boðs (genitive indefinite singular)
boðsins (definite genitive singular)
boða (genitive indefinite plural)
boðanna (definite genitive plural)

boð

Icelandic: boð

Faroese: boð

Norn: bod

Norwegian Nynorsk: bod

From Proto-Germanic *budą (“offer, message”), cognate with Dutch bod, German Gebot.


bytta

Icelandic: bytta

Faroese: bytta

Norwegian Nynorsk: bytte

Old Swedish: bytta

Swedish: bytta

Danish: bøtte

Norwegian Bokmål: bøtte

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bøtte

Scanian: bytta


læti

látum (dative)
læti (indefinite nominative plural)
lætin (definite nominative plural)
læti (accusative indefinite plural)
lætin (accusative definite plural)
látum (dative indefinite plural)
látunum (dative definite plural)
láta (genitive indefinite plural)
látanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-plur

læti

Icelandic: læti

Norwegian Nynorsk: læte


endi

non-decl-blank-full

endi

endi (indefinite nominative singular)
endinn (definite nominative singular)
endar (indefinite nominative plural)
endarnir (definite nominative plural)
enda (accusative indefinite singular)
endann (accusative definite singular)
enda (accusative indefinite plural)
endana (accusative definite plural)
enda (dative indefinite singular)
endanum (dative definite singular)
endum (dative indefinite plural)
endunum (dative definite plural)
enda (genitive indefinite singular)
endans (definite genitive singular)
enda (genitive indefinite plural)
endanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: endir

Faroese: endi

Norwegian Nynorsk: ende

Norwegian Bokmål: ende

Elfdalian: ende, end

Old Swedish: ænde

Swedish: ände

Danish: ende


nábúi

nábúi

nábúi (indefinite nominative singular)
nábúinn (definite nominative singular)
nábúar (indefinite nominative plural)
nábúarnir (definite nominative plural)
nábúa (accusative indefinite singular)
nábúann (accusative definite singular)
nábúa (accusative indefinite plural)
nábúana (accusative definite plural)
nábúa (dative indefinite singular)
nábúanum (dative definite singular)
nábúum (dative indefinite plural)
nábúunum (dative definite plural)
nábúa (genitive indefinite singular)
nábúans (definite genitive singular)
nábúa (genitive indefinite plural)
nábúanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: nábúi

Faroese: nábúgvi

Old Swedish: nābōe, nābō

Swedish: nabo

Danish: nabo

→ Norwegian Bokmål: nabo

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: nabo

→ Scottish Gaelic: nàbaidh

From ná- (“near”) + búi (“dweller, inhabitant, resident”). Compare Old Saxon nāhbūr (Low German nabur), Old English nēahġebūr (whence English neighbour), Dutch nabuur, Old High German nāhgibūr (German Nachbar), all from the earlier Proto-Germanic *nēhwagabūrô.


sveinn

non-noun

sveinn m (genitive sveins, plural sveinar)

sveins (genitive)
sveinar (plural)
sveinn (indefinite nominative singular)
sveinninn (definite nominative singular)
sveinar (indefinite nominative plural)
sveinarnir (definite nominative plural)
svein (accusative indefinite singular)
sveininn (accusative definite singular)
sveina (accusative indefinite plural)
sveinana (accusative definite plural)
sveini (dative indefinite singular)
sveininum (dative definite singular)
sveinum (dative indefinite plural)
sveinunum (dative definite plural)
sveins (genitive indefinite singular)
sveinsins (definite genitive singular)
sveina (genitive indefinite plural)
sveinanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

sveinn

Icelandic: sveinn

Faroese: sveinur

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: svein; (dialectal) sveidn

→ Norwegian Bokmål: svein

Old Swedish: svēn, svæn

Swedish: sven

Old Danish: swen

Danish: svend

Norwegian Bokmål: svenn

→ Old English: sweġen

desctree

Middle English: swayn, sweine, sweyn, sueyn, swain, sweyn, swein, swaine, sweyne, swane
English: swain
Scots: swaine, swane

From Proto-Germanic *swainaz (“relative, young man, servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself; separate; apart”), properly one's own.
Other reflexes of PG *swainaz include Old English swān (modern English swain), Old High German swein.


hávaði

non-decl-blank-full

hávaði

hávaði (indefinite nominative singular)
hávaðinn (definite nominative singular)
hávaðar (indefinite nominative plural)
hávaðarnir (definite nominative plural)
hávaða (accusative indefinite singular)
hávaðann (accusative definite singular)
hávaða (accusative indefinite plural)
hávaðana (accusative definite plural)
hávaða (dative indefinite singular)
hávaðanum (dative definite singular)
hávǫðum (dative indefinite plural)
hávǫðunum (dative definite plural)
hávaða (genitive indefinite singular)
hávaðans (definite genitive singular)
hávaða (genitive indefinite plural)
hávaðanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: hávaði


laun

non-decl-blank-plur

laun

non-decl-blank-sing

laun

laun (indefinite nominative plural)
launin (definite nominative plural)
laun (accusative indefinite plural)
launin (accusative definite plural)
launum (dative indefinite plural)
laununum (dative definite plural)
launa (genitive indefinite plural)
launanna (definite genitive plural)
laun (indefinite nominative singular)
launin (definite nominative singular)
laun (accusative indefinite singular)
launina (accusative definite singular)
laun (dative indefinite singular)
launinni (dative definite singular)
launar (genitive indefinite singular)
launarinnar (definite genitive singular)

Icelandic: laun n pl

Norwegian: læn, læ (dialectal)

Swedish: lön c

Danish: løn c

Norwegian Bokmål: lønn m or f

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lønn f

→ Faroese: løn f

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: løn f

From Proto-Germanic *launą n. The mixing of the neuter plural and feminine singular is also seen in lǫg n pl or f (“law”).


laun

non-decl-blank-full

laun

laun (indefinite nominative singular)
launin (definite nominative singular)
launar (indefinite nominative plural)
launarnar (definite nominative plural)
laun (accusative indefinite singular)
launina (accusative definite singular)
launar (accusative indefinite plural)
launarnar (accusative definite plural)
laun (dative indefinite singular)
launinni (dative definite singular)
launum (dative indefinite plural)
laununum (dative definite plural)
launar (genitive indefinite singular)
launarinnar (definite genitive singular)
launa (genitive indefinite plural)
launanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: laun

Norwegian Bokmål: (i lønn)

Swedish: i lönn (“in secret”), lönn- (“secret”)

Related to leyna. From Proto-Germanic *laugnō.


hel

heljar (genitive)
helju (dative)
hel (indefinite nominative singular)
helin (definite nominative singular)
heljar (indefinite nominative plural)
heljarnar (definite nominative plural)
hel (accusative indefinite singular)
helina (accusative definite singular)
heljar (accusative indefinite plural)
heljarnar (accusative definite plural)
hel (dative indefinite singular)
helju (dative indefinite singular)
helinni (dative definite singular)
heljunni (dative definite singular)
heljum (dative indefinite plural)
heljunum (dative definite plural)
heljar (genitive indefinite singular)
heljarinnar (definite genitive singular)
helja (genitive indefinite plural)
heljanna (definite genitive plural)

hel

Icelandic: hel

Faroese: hel

Norwegian Nynorsk: hel

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hel

⇒ Old Norse: í hel

Icelandic: í hel

Norwegian Nynorsk: i hel, ihel-

Old Swedish: i häl, ihiäl

Swedish: ihjäl, ihäl

Old Danish: i hæl, i hiel

Danish: ihjel

Norwegian Bokmål: i hjel, ihjel-

From Proto-Germanic *haljō. Doublet of Hel.

(Germanic paganism) the underworld, personified the goddess of the same name


tíðindi

Icelandic: tíðindi n pl

Faroese: tíðindi n pl

Norwegian Nynorsk: tidend f

desc

Old Swedish: tiþandi, tidhande, tidhinde, tidhende, tidende n (usually in pl)

Swedish: tidende c (rarely in sg)

Old Danish: tidinde, tinde, tidhande

Danish: tidende c

Norwegian Bokmål: tidende m

Gutnish: täiendar f pl

Finland lects: tidand, tidan n


herðar

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of herðr


reið

non-decl-blank-full

reið

reið (indefinite nominative singular)
reiðin (definite nominative singular)
reiðar (indefinite nominative plural)
reiðarnar (definite nominative plural)
reið (accusative indefinite singular)
reiðina (accusative definite singular)
reiðar (accusative indefinite plural)
reiðarnar (accusative definite plural)
reið (dative indefinite singular)
reiðinni (dative definite singular)
reiðum (dative indefinite plural)
reiðunum (dative definite plural)
reiðar (genitive indefinite singular)
reiðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
reiða (genitive indefinite plural)
reiðanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: reið

Norwegian Nynorsk: rei, reid

From Proto-Norse *ᚱᚨᛁᛞᚢ (*raidu), Proto-Germanic *raidō.

Þat veitk bezt / und bláum himni
kenninafn, / svát konungr eigi
es Rǫgnvaldr, / reiðar stjóri, […]
I know that best / nickname
under the blue sky / that a king might have
that Rǫgnvaldr, / the steerer of the carriage […]

9th c., Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Ynglingatal, verse 27


sótt

sóttar (genitive)
sóttir (plural)
sótt (indefinite nominative singular)
sóttin (definite nominative singular)
sóttir (indefinite nominative plural)
sóttirnar (definite nominative plural)
sótt (accusative indefinite singular)
sóttina (accusative definite singular)
sóttir (accusative indefinite plural)
sóttirnar (accusative definite plural)
sótt (dative indefinite singular)
sóttinni (dative definite singular)
sóttum (dative indefinite plural)
sóttunum (dative definite plural)
sóttar (genitive indefinite singular)
sóttarinnar (definite genitive singular)
sótta (genitive indefinite plural)
sóttanna (definite genitive plural)

sótt

Icelandic: sótt

Faroese: sótt

Norwegian Nynorsk: sott

Norwegian Bokmål: sott

Old Swedish: sōt

Swedish: sot

Danish: sot

From Proto-Germanic *suhtiz, from *seukaną (“to be sick”) + *-þiz.

Hugr einn þat veit,
er býr hjarta nær,
einn er hann sér of sefa;
ǫng er sótt verri
hveim snotrum manni

sóttdauðr

sickness-dead, struck down from sickness


dáð

dáð

dáð (indefinite nominative singular)
dáðin (definite nominative singular)
dáðir (indefinite nominative plural)
dáðirnar (definite nominative plural)
dáð (accusative indefinite singular)
dáðina (accusative definite singular)
dáðir (accusative indefinite plural)
dáðirnar (accusative definite plural)
dáð (dative indefinite singular)
dáðinni (dative definite singular)
dáðum (dative indefinite plural)
dáðunum (dative definite plural)
dáðar (genitive indefinite singular)
dáðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
dáða (genitive indefinite plural)
dáðanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: dáð

Faroese: dáð

Norwegian Nynorsk: dåd f or m

Jamtish: dáð

Elfdalian: dåð

Old Swedish: dāþ

Swedish: dåd n

Old Danish: dāth

Danish: dåd

Norwegian Bokmål: dåd

Scanian: dáð

Gutnish: dad

From Proto-Germanic *dēdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis.


smiðja

non-noun

smiðja f (genitive smiðju, plural smiðjur)

smiðju (genitive)
smiðjur (plural)
smiðja (indefinite nominative singular)
smiðjan (definite nominative singular)
smiðjur (indefinite nominative plural)
smiðjurnar (definite nominative plural)
smiðju (accusative indefinite singular)
smiðjuna (accusative definite singular)
smiðjur (accusative indefinite plural)
smiðjurnar (accusative definite plural)
smiðju (dative indefinite singular)
smiðjunni (dative definite singular)
smiðjum (dative indefinite plural)
smiðjunum (dative definite plural)
smiðju (genitive indefinite singular)
smiðjunnar (definite genitive singular)
smiðja (genitive indefinite plural)
smiðjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

smiðja

Icelandic: smiðja

Faroese: smiðja

Norwegian Nynorsk: smidja, smidju, smie

Norwegian Bokmål: smie

Swedish: smedja

Danish: smedje

→ Middle English: smythy

English: smithy

Scots: smiddy


rás

Faroese: rás

French: raz

Icelandic: rás

→ Middle English: ras, race (through merger with Middle English rees, res < Old English rǣs)

English: race

Scots: ras, rase, race

→ Danish: race, ræs

→ Dutch: race

→ Swedish: race, rejs

→ Norwegian: race, res


bjalla

non-noun

bjalla f (genitive bjǫllu, plural bjǫllur)

bjǫllu (genitive)
bjǫllur (plural)
bjalla (indefinite nominative singular)
bjallan (definite nominative singular)
bjǫllur (indefinite nominative plural)
bjǫllurnar (definite nominative plural)
bjǫllu (accusative indefinite singular)
bjǫlluna (accusative definite singular)
bjǫllur (accusative indefinite plural)
bjǫllurnar (accusative definite plural)
bjǫllu (dative indefinite singular)
bjǫllunni (dative definite singular)
bjǫllum (dative indefinite plural)
bjǫllunum (dative definite plural)
bjǫllu (genitive indefinite singular)
bjǫllunnar (definite genitive singular)
bjallna (genitive indefinite plural)
bjallnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

bjalla

Icelandic: bjalla

Faroese: bjølla

Norwegian Nynorsk: bjølle (through bjǫllu)

Old Swedish: biælla

Swedish: bjällra (with unexplained -r-)

Danish: bjælde

Norwegian Bokmål: bjelle

Gutnish: bjällå, bjälla

From Proto-Germanic *bellǭ; Cognate with Old English belle.


tár

társ (genitive)
tár (plural)
tár (indefinite nominative singular)
tárit (definite nominative singular)
tár (indefinite nominative plural)
tárin (definite nominative plural)
tár (accusative indefinite singular)
tárit (accusative definite singular)
tár (accusative indefinite plural)
tárin (accusative definite plural)
tári (dative indefinite singular)
tárinu (dative definite singular)
tárum (dative indefinite plural)
tárunum (dative definite plural)
társ (genitive indefinite singular)
társins (definite genitive singular)
tára (genitive indefinite plural)
táranna (definite genitive plural)

tár

Icelandic: tár

Faroese: tár

Norwegian Bokmål: tåre

Norwegian Nynorsk: tåre

Old Swedish: tār

Swedish: tår

desc

Danish: tåre (“tear”), tår (“drop of liquid”)

From Proto-Germanic *tahrą, from Proto-Indo-European *dáḱru- (“tear”).


ekkja

Icelandic: ekkja

Faroese: ekkja

From Proto-Germanic *ainakjǭ, related to Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌻𐍃 (ainakls, “alone”).

seðr gekk Svǫlnis ekkja / sundr
at once the wife of Svǫlnir [= Earth] split asunder.

c. 850, Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Haustlǫng, stanza 15


deila

deilu (genitive)
deila (indefinite nominative singular)
deilan (definite nominative singular)
deilur (indefinite nominative plural)
deilurnar (definite nominative plural)
deilu (accusative indefinite singular)
deiluna (accusative definite singular)
deilur (accusative indefinite plural)
deilurnar (accusative definite plural)
deilu (dative indefinite singular)
deilunni (dative definite singular)
deilum (dative indefinite plural)
deilunum (dative definite plural)
deilu (genitive indefinite singular)
deilunnar (definite genitive singular)
deilna (genitive indefinite plural)
deilnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

deila

Icelandic: deila f

From Proto-Norse ᛞᚨᛚᛁᛞᚢᚾ (dalidun) (3rd plural past indicative), from Proto-Germanic *dailijaną.


sætt

sætt

sætt (indefinite nominative singular)
sættin (definite nominative singular)
sættir (indefinite nominative plural)
sættirnar (definite nominative plural)
sætt (accusative indefinite singular)
sættina (accusative definite singular)
sættir (accusative indefinite plural)
sættirnar (accusative definite plural)
sætt (dative indefinite singular)
sættinni (dative definite singular)
sættum (dative indefinite plural)
sættunum (dative definite plural)
sættar (genitive indefinite singular)
sættarinnar (definite genitive singular)
sætta (genitive indefinite plural)
sættanna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sahtiz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g-.


kví

kvíar (genitive)
kvíar (plural)
kví (indefinite nominative singular)
kvíin (definite nominative singular)
kvíar (indefinite nominative plural)
kvíarnar (definite nominative plural)
kví (accusative indefinite singular)
kvína (accusative definite singular)
kvíar (accusative indefinite plural)
kvíarnar (accusative definite plural)
kví (dative indefinite singular)
kvínni (dative definite singular)
kvíum (dative indefinite plural)
kvíunum (dative definite plural)
kvíar (genitive indefinite singular)
kvíarinnar (definite genitive singular)
kvía (genitive indefinite plural)
kvíanna (definite genitive plural)

kví

Icelandic: kví

Norwegian Nynorsk: kve

Norwegian Bokmål: kve

English: quoy

Scottish Gaelic: cuidh, cuith


rakki

rakka (genitive)
rakkar (plural)
rakki (indefinite nominative singular)
rakkinn (definite nominative singular)
rakkar (indefinite nominative plural)
rakkarnir (definite nominative plural)
rakka (accusative indefinite singular)
rakkann (accusative definite singular)
rakka (accusative indefinite plural)
rakkana (accusative definite plural)
rakka (dative indefinite singular)
rakkanum (dative definite singular)
rǫkkum (dative indefinite plural)
rǫkkunum (dative definite plural)
rakka (genitive indefinite singular)
rakkans (definite genitive singular)
rakka (genitive indefinite plural)
rakkanna (definite genitive plural)

rakki

Icelandic: rakki

Elfdalian: rakke

Norwegian Bokmål: rakke (“male dog”)

Danish: rakke

Old Swedish: rakke

desc

Swedish: racka (“mongrel, disagreeable dog”)

→ Finnish: rakki (“mongrel, pooch”)

Related to Old English ræcc (English rach); a diminutive of the same Germanic source yielded Dutch rekel. Thought by Jan de Vries to be derived from Old Norse rekja in the sense 'to stretch out', itself deriving from *rakjaną, thus referring to a 'long, narrow dog'.


kjóll

kjóls (genitive)
kjólar (plural)
kjóll (indefinite nominative singular)
kjóllinn (definite nominative singular)
kjólar (indefinite nominative plural)
kjólarnir (definite nominative plural)
kjól (accusative indefinite singular)
kjólinn (accusative definite singular)
kjóla (accusative indefinite plural)
kjólana (accusative definite plural)
kjóli (dative indefinite singular)
kjólinum (dative definite singular)
kjólum (dative indefinite plural)
kjólunum (dative definite plural)
kjóls (genitive indefinite singular)
kjólsins (definite genitive singular)
kjóla (genitive indefinite plural)
kjólanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

kjóll

Icelandic: kjóll


hilmir

hilmis (genitive)
hilmir (indefinite nominative singular)
hilmirinn (definite nominative singular)
hilmar (indefinite nominative plural)
hilmarnir (definite nominative plural)
hilmi (accusative indefinite singular)
hilminn (accusative definite singular)
hilma (accusative indefinite plural)
hilmana (accusative definite plural)
hilmi (dative indefinite singular)
hilminum (dative definite singular)
hilmum (dative indefinite plural)
hilmunum (dative definite plural)
hilmis (genitive indefinite singular)
hilmisins (definite genitive singular)
hilma (genitive indefinite plural)
hilmanna (definite genitive plural)

hilmir

From Proto-Germanic *hilmijaz, from *helmaz (“helmet”) (whence hjalmr (“helmet”)), thus perhaps literally meaning "helmet-provider".


efja

efja

efja (indefinite nominative singular)
efjan (definite nominative singular)
efjur (indefinite nominative plural)
efjurnar (definite nominative plural)
efju (accusative indefinite singular)
efjuna (accusative definite singular)
efjur (accusative indefinite plural)
efjurnar (accusative definite plural)
efju (dative indefinite singular)
efjunni (dative definite singular)
efjum (dative indefinite plural)
efjunum (dative definite plural)
efju (genitive indefinite singular)
efjunnar (definite genitive singular)
efja (genitive indefinite plural)
efjanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: efja

Faroese: evja

Norwegian Nynorsk: evje

Norwegian: ave m (dialectal)

Old Swedish: æfia

Swedish: ävja

From Proto-Germanic *abjǭ, itself derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“from, off, away”).


gnótt

Icelandic: gnótt


braut

non-noun

braut f (genitive brautar, plural brautir)

brautar (genitive)
brautir (plural)
braut (indefinite nominative singular)
brautin (definite nominative singular)
brautir (indefinite nominative plural)
brautirnar (definite nominative plural)
braut (accusative indefinite singular)
brautina (accusative definite singular)
brautir (accusative indefinite plural)
brautirnar (accusative definite plural)
braut (dative indefinite singular)
brautu (dative indefinite singular)
brautinni (dative definite singular)
brautunni (dative definite singular)
brautum (dative indefinite plural)
brautunum (dative definite plural)
brautar (genitive indefinite singular)
brautarinnar (definite genitive singular)
brauta (genitive indefinite plural)
brautanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

braut

Icelandic: braut

Faroese: breyt

Norwegian Nynorsk: braut

desc

⇒ Old Norse: braut, brott, burt (“away”)

Icelandic: braut, brott, burt

Faroese: burt

Norwegian: bort

Swedish: bort

Danish: burt

From Proto-Germanic *brautō, derived from the verb *breutaną (“to break”) (hence Old Norse brjóta). For the semantic development, compare French route (“road”) from Latin rupta (via) (“broken way”).


minni

minnis (genitive)
minni (indefinite nominative singular)
minnit (definite nominative singular)
minni (indefinite nominative plural)
minnin (definite nominative plural)
minni (accusative indefinite singular)
minnit (accusative definite singular)
minni (accusative indefinite plural)
minnin (accusative definite plural)
minni (dative indefinite singular)
minninu (dative definite singular)
minnum (dative indefinite plural)
minnunum (dative definite plural)
minnis (genitive indefinite singular)
minnisins (definite genitive singular)
minna (genitive indefinite plural)
minnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

minni

Icelandic: minni

Faroese: minni

Norwegian Nynorsk: minne

Norwegian Bokmål: minne, minni

Swedish: minne

Danish: minde

→ Middle English: minne

English: min


minni

minni

Norwegian Nynorsk: mynne n


skuld

skuld

skuld (indefinite nominative singular)
skuldin (definite nominative singular)
skuldir (indefinite nominative plural)
skuldirnar (definite nominative plural)
skuld (accusative indefinite singular)
skuldina (accusative definite singular)
skuldir (accusative indefinite plural)
skuldirnar (accusative definite plural)
skuld (dative indefinite singular)
skuldinni (dative definite singular)
skuldum (dative indefinite plural)
skuldunum (dative definite plural)
skuldar (genitive indefinite singular)
skuldarinnar (definite genitive singular)
skulda (genitive indefinite plural)
skuldanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: skuld

Swedish: skuld

Danish: skyld

From Proto-Germanic *skuldiz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéltis.


elja

Faroese: eljastríð

Icelandic: elja

⇒ Icelandic: eljari

From Proto-Germanic *aljô (“rival”), *aljǭ (“zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to burn”).
Cognate with Middle Low German elle (“rival wife”).


mennt

Icelandic: mennt

Likely a derivative of menna (“to make a man of, breed”), thus "forming a man" > "doing a thing worth commending" > "accomplishment".


sæng

Old Danish: sjang

Danish: seng

Faroese: song

Icelandic: sæng

Norwegian

Bokmål: seng

Norwegian Nynorsk: seng

Old Swedish: siang

Swedish: säng

→ Estonian: säng

→ Finnish: sänky

Unknown. Sometimes compared to sá (“to sow”).


trú

trúar (genitive)
trú (indefinite nominative singular)
trúin (definite nominative singular)
trúar (indefinite nominative plural)
trúarnar (definite nominative plural)
trú (accusative indefinite singular)
trúina (accusative definite singular)
trúar (accusative indefinite plural)
trúarnar (accusative definite plural)
trú (dative indefinite singular)
trúinni (dative definite singular)
trúm (dative indefinite plural)
trúnum (dative definite plural)
trúar (genitive indefinite singular)
trúarinnar (definite genitive singular)
trúa (genitive indefinite plural)
trúanna (definite genitive plural)

trú

Icelandic: trú

Faroese: trúgv

Norwegian Nynorsk: tru

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tru

Swedish: tro

Danish: tro

Norwegian Bokmål: tro


trú

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


svala

svǫlu (genitive)
svǫlur (plural)
svala (indefinite nominative singular)
svalan (definite nominative singular)
svǫlur (indefinite nominative plural)
svǫlurnar (definite nominative plural)
svǫlu (accusative indefinite singular)
svǫluna (accusative definite singular)
svǫlur (accusative indefinite plural)
svǫlurnar (accusative definite plural)
svǫlu (dative indefinite singular)
svǫlunni (dative definite singular)
svǫlum (dative indefinite plural)
svǫlunum (dative definite plural)
svǫlu (genitive indefinite singular)
svǫlunnar (definite genitive singular)
svalna (genitive indefinite plural)
svalnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

svala

Icelandic: svala

Faroese: svala

Norwegian Nynorsk: svale (svala, svole, svòlu, sulu (dialectal or obsolete))

Norwegian Bokmål: svale

Old Swedish: svala

Swedish: svala

Old Danish: swalæ, swolæ

Danish: svale

From Proto-Germanic *swalwǭ.
The expected form is *svǫlva, which is reflected in some of the descendants; nominative singular svala is due to analogy with the oblique singular svǫlu, caused by the loss of v before a rounded vowel. Compare vǫlva, from Proto-Germanic *swalwǭ, with oblique singular vǫlu.


svefn

svefn

svefn (indefinite nominative singular)
svefninn (definite nominative singular)
svefnar (indefinite nominative plural)
svefnarnir (definite nominative plural)
svefn (accusative indefinite singular)
svefninn (accusative definite singular)
svefna (accusative indefinite plural)
svefnana (accusative definite plural)
svefni (dative indefinite singular)
svefninum (dative definite singular)
svefnum (dative indefinite plural)
svefnunum (dative definite plural)
svefns (genitive indefinite singular)
svefnsins (definite genitive singular)
svefna (genitive indefinite plural)
svefnanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: svefn, svöfn

Faroese: svøvnur

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: svebn, svemn, svevn, svøbn, svømn, sømn, søvn

Elfdalian: swemmen

Old Swedish: syfn, sømn

Swedish: sömn

Old Danish: syfn, søfn

Danish: søvn

Norwegian Bokmål: søvn

Gutnish: svivn, syvn, svämn, svömn

From Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos, an extension of *swep- (“sleep”). Cognate with Old Saxon sweƀan, Old English swefn, English sweven. The Indo-European root also led to Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos), Latin somnus, Old Irish suan, Old Church Slavonic съпати (sŭpati), Russian спать (spatʹ), Latvian sapnis.


korn

Icelandic: korn

Faroese: korn

Norn: korn

Norwegian Nynorsk: (dialectal) korn, kørn

Norwegian Bokmål: korn

Old Swedish: korn

Swedish: korn

Danish: korn

From Proto-Germanic *kurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm.


reiði

reiði (genitive)
reiði (indefinite nominative singular)
reiðin (definite nominative singular)
reiði (accusative indefinite singular)
reiðina (accusative definite singular)
reiði (dative indefinite singular)
reiðinni (dative definite singular)
reiði (genitive indefinite singular)
reiðinnar (definite genitive singular)

non-decl-blank-sing

reiði

Icelandic: reiði

Faroese: reiði

From Proto-Germanic *wraiþį̄, cognate with Swedish vrede, Danish vrede, Norwegian Nynorsk vreide, English wrath. Equivalent to reiður (“angry, wroth”) + -i.


reiði

reiði (canonical masculine)
reiði (canonical neuter)
reiða (genitive)
reiðis (genitive)
reiði (indefinite nominative singular)
reiðinn (definite nominative singular)
reiðar (indefinite nominative plural)
reiðarnir (definite nominative plural)
reiða (accusative indefinite singular)
reiðann (accusative definite singular)
reiða (accusative indefinite plural)
reiðana (accusative definite plural)
reiða (dative indefinite singular)
reiðanum (dative definite singular)
reiðum (dative indefinite plural)
reiðunum (dative definite plural)
reiða (genitive indefinite singular)
reiðans (definite genitive singular)
reiða (genitive indefinite plural)
reiðanna (definite genitive plural)
reiði (indefinite nominative singular)
reiðit (definite nominative singular)
reiði (indefinite nominative plural)
reiðin (definite nominative plural)
reiði (accusative indefinite singular)
reiðit (accusative definite singular)
reiði (accusative indefinite plural)
reiðin (accusative definite plural)
reiði (dative indefinite singular)
reiðinu (dative definite singular)
reiðum (dative indefinite plural)
reiðunum (dative definite plural)
reiðis (genitive indefinite singular)
reiðisins (definite genitive singular)
reiða (genitive indefinite plural)
reiðanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

reiði

reiði

Icelandic: reiði

Norwegian Bokmål: reide

Norwegian Nynorsk: reie

From reiða, alternative form of ríða (“ride”).


mál

mál

mál (indefinite nominative singular)
málit (definite nominative singular)
mǫ́l (indefinite nominative plural)
mǫ́lin (definite nominative plural)
mál (accusative indefinite singular)
málit (accusative definite singular)
mǫ́l (accusative indefinite plural)
mǫ́lin (accusative definite plural)
máli (dative indefinite singular)
málinu (dative definite singular)
mǫ́lum (dative indefinite plural)
mǫ́lunum (dative definite plural)
máls (genitive indefinite singular)
málsins (definite genitive singular)
mála (genitive indefinite plural)
málanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: mál

Faroese: mál

Norwegian Bokmål: mål

Old Swedish: māl

Swedish: mål

Danish: mål

desc

→ Old English: māl (“speech, contract, agreement”)

Middle English: mal, male

English: mail

Scots: mail

From Proto-Germanic *maþlą, whence also Old Saxon mahal, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl).

bragarmál

contraction of unstressed words; poetic speech


mál

máls (genitive)
mál (plural)
mál (indefinite nominative singular)
málit (definite nominative singular)
mǫ́l (indefinite nominative plural)
mǫ́lin (definite nominative plural)
mál (accusative indefinite singular)
málit (accusative definite singular)
mǫ́l (accusative indefinite plural)
mǫ́lin (accusative definite plural)
máli (dative indefinite singular)
málinu (dative definite singular)
mǫ́lum (dative indefinite plural)
mǫ́lunum (dative definite plural)
máls (genitive indefinite singular)
málsins (definite genitive singular)
mála (genitive indefinite plural)
málanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

mál

Icelandic: mál n

Faroese: mál n

Norwegian Nynorsk: mål n

Swedish: mål n

Danish: mål n

Norwegian Bokmål: mål n

From Proto-Germanic *mēlą (“measure, time, occasion”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European root *meh₁- (“to measure”). Cognate with Old English mǣl, Old Frisian mēl, Old Saxon māl, Old High German māl, Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌻 (mēl, “time, hour”).

inh

í misseri eru mál tvau, í máli eru mánuðr þrír

in a half-year there are two seasons, in a seasons there are three months

mál es at eta


mál

From the same Germanic source as Old Saxon māl and Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌻 (mēl), probably Proto-Germanic *mēlijaną, used by Ulfilas to translate Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) and γράμμα (grámma). Related to Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (mēljan) (translating Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “draw, write”)) and German malen (“to paint”).

cog

a work of art inlaid in metal, especially on weapons


mær

non-noun

mær f (genitive meyjar, dative meyju, plural meyjar)

meyjar (genitive)
meyju (dative)
meyjar (plural)
mær (indefinite nominative singular)
mey (indefinite nominative singular)
mærin (definite nominative singular)
meyin (definite nominative singular)
meyjar (indefinite nominative plural)
meyjarnar (definite nominative plural)
mey (accusative indefinite singular)
meyna (accusative definite singular)
meyjar (accusative indefinite plural)
meyjarnar (accusative definite plural)
mey (dative indefinite singular)
meyju (dative indefinite singular)
meynni (dative definite singular)
meyjunni (dative definite singular)
meyjum (dative indefinite plural)
meyjunum (dative definite plural)
meyjar (genitive indefinite singular)
meyjarinnar (definite genitive singular)
meyja (genitive indefinite plural)
meyjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

mær

Icelandic: mær, mey, meyja

Faroese: moy, moyggj

Norwegian Nynorsk: møy

Norwegian Bokmål: møy

Swedish: mö

Danish: mø

From Proto-Germanic *mawī (“girl”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹 (mawi).


kelda

Icelandic: kelda

Faroese: kelda

Norwegian: kjelde

Swedish: källa

Danish: kilde

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kilde

From Proto-Germanic *kaldijǭ. Cognate with Old English ċelde.


ambátt

ambátt

ambátt (indefinite nominative singular)
ambáttin (definite nominative singular)
ambáttar (indefinite nominative plural)
ambáttir (indefinite nominative plural)
ambáttarnar (definite nominative plural)
ambáttirnar (definite nominative plural)
ambátt (accusative indefinite singular)
ambáttina (accusative definite singular)
ambáttar (accusative indefinite plural)
ambáttir (accusative indefinite plural)
ambáttarnar (accusative definite plural)
ambáttirnar (accusative definite plural)
ambátt (dative indefinite singular)
ambáttinni (dative definite singular)
ambáttum (dative indefinite plural)
ambáttunum (dative definite plural)
ambáttar (genitive indefinite singular)
ambáttarinnar (definite genitive singular)
ambátta (genitive indefinite plural)
ambáttanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: ambátt

Old Swedish: ambot, ambut, ambat

Old Gutnish: ambatn

→ Middle English: ammbohht

From Proto-Germanic *ambahtō, feminine form of *ambahtaz, whence also Old English ambiht, Old High German ambaht, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (andbahts). Compare Latin ambactus.

Gróttasöngr, verse 2, 1932 edition by Finnur Jónsson, retrieved at heimskringla.no
[…]hét hvárigri / hvílð né ynði,
áðr hann hęyrði / hljóm ambátta
[…] he gave them neither / rest nor delight,

before he heard / the noise of the bondwomen.


gerð

Norwegian Bokmål: gjerd m or f

Norwegian Nynorsk: gjerd f

Danish: gære

Nominal derivation from the verb gera (“to do, make”).