Reykjavík

Icelandic: Reykjavík

desc

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Røykjavik (learned)

From reykir (plural of reykr (“smoke”)) + vík (“bay”).

af

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">reykr</i> (“smoke”)

Reykjavík (bay between Seltjarnarnes and the mouth of the Elliðaár and the farm nearby where Ingólfr Arnarson lived)


Írland

Danish: Irland

Faroese: Írland

Icelandic: Írland

Norwegian Bokmål: Irland

Norwegian Nynorsk: Irland

Swedish: Irland
→ Finnish: Irlanti

Ireland (an island and country in northwestern Europe)


Finnland

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Finnland

Finnland (indefinite nominative)
Finnland (accusative indefinite)
Finnlandi (dative indefinite)
Finnlands (genitive indefinite)

Faroese: Finnland

Norwegian Nynorsk: Finnland, Finland

Swedish: Finland

→ Russian: Финля́ндия (Finljándija) (see there for further descendants)

Danish: Finland

Norwegian Bokmål: Finland

→ Latin: Finlandia (see there for further descendants)

→ English: Finland (see there for further descendants)

→ German: Finnland


Loki

Loka (oblique)
Loki (indefinite nominative)
Loka (accusative indefinite)
Loka (dative indefinite)
Loka (genitive indefinite)

Loki

Icelandic: Loki

Faroese: Loki

Norwegian: Loke (Lòkje)

Swedish: Locke, → Loke (learned)

→ Danish: Loke (learned)

→ English: Loki

In popular folk etymology, often assumed to be a variant of Old Norse logi (“flame, blaze”) (from Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”); compare Old Norse leygr (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Germanic *laugiz (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European *leuk- (“light; white; to shine”)), but this is not linguistically sound. Now seen as from Old Norse lok (“lock”), equivalent to lok + -i, from Proto-Germanic *luką (“lock”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to turn, bend”), connecting his name to entanglement.
Loki may have originated as an epithet or title ("Entangler"), similar to Freyr ("Lord") for Yngvi, as evidenced by the Jötunn Útgarða-Loki featuring the same element. Some suggest his original name was Old Norse *logi (“liar, deceiver”) (from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to lie, tell a lie”), cognate with Old English loga (“liar, deceiver”)), as he is the god of mischief, or Old Norse logi (“fire, blaze”) (from Proto-Indo-European *leuk- which relates to how he is speculated to have been worshiped.


Ásgarðr

Faroese: Ásgarður

Icelandic: Ásgarður

Norwegian: Åsgard

⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: oskorei

Danish: Asgård, Haagensgaard, Havsgård

Swedish: Asgård

→ English: Asgard

(Norse mythology) Asgard, the realm of the Æsir gods in Norse mythology


Álfheimr

1220c, Sturluson, Snorri. Gylfaginning (The Fooling Of Gylfe)

"There are many magnificient dwellings. One is there called Alfheim. There dwell the folk that are called light-elves; but the dark-elves dwell down in the earth."
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Margir staðir eru þar göfugligir. Sá er einn staðr þar, er kallaðr er Álfheimr. Þar byggvir fólk þat, er Ljósálfar heita, en Dökkálfar búa niðri í jörðu, ok eru þeir ólíkir þeim sýnum ok miklu ólíkari reyndum.

Alfheim Frey · gáfu í árdaga

10th century, Grímnismál (Sayings of Grímnir)

Alfheim to Frey did in days of yore the gods as a tooth-gift give.

the home of the Ljósálfar (light elves, álfar, divine beings), located up in the sky, according to Norse mythology


Frakkland

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Frakkland

Frakkland (indefinite nominative)
Frakkland (accusative indefinite)
Frakklandi (dative indefinite)
Frakklands (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Frakkland


Svíþjóð

Svíþjóðar (genitive)
Svíþjóð (indefinite nominative singular)
Svíþjóðin (definite nominative singular)
Svíþjóðar (indefinite nominative plural)
Svíþjóðir (indefinite nominative plural)
Svíþjóðarnar (definite nominative plural)
Svíþjóðirnar (definite nominative plural)
Svíþjóð (accusative indefinite singular)
Svíþjóðina (accusative definite singular)
Svíþjóðar (accusative indefinite plural)
Svíþjóðir (accusative indefinite plural)
Svíþjóðarnar (accusative definite plural)
Svíþjóðirnar (accusative definite plural)
Svíþjóð (dative indefinite singular)
Svíþjóðu (dative indefinite singular)
Svíþjóðinni (dative definite singular)
Svíþjóðum (dative indefinite plural)
Svíþjóðunum (dative definite plural)
Svíþjóðar (genitive indefinite singular)
Svíþjóðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
Svíþjóða (genitive indefinite plural)
Svíþjóðanna (definite genitive plural)
ᛋᚢᛁᚦᛁᚢᚦ (alternative)
ᛋᚢᛁᚦᛁᛅᚢᚦ (alternative)

Svíþjóð, Svíþjóðu

non-decl-blank-full

Svíþjóð

Svíþjóð, Svíþjóðu

non-decl-cell

Svíþjóð, Svíþjóðu

Icelandic: Svíþjóð

Swedish: Svetjud

→ Swedish: Svitjod, Svithiod (learned)

a region of the Swedes around the Mälar valley in modern-day eastern Sweden


Vefsn

desctree

Norwegian: Vefsn
→ Swedish: Väfsen
→ Danish: Vefsen, Væfsen
→ German: Wefsen

Uncertain, but possibly a sn-derivation of vefja or the Proto-Germanic stem *web-, whence also váfa.


Týr

Týs (genitive)
Týr (indefinite nominative)
Tý (accusative indefinite)
tívi (dative indefinite)
Týs (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Týr

Icelandic: Týr

→ Danish: Tyr

→ English: Tyr

→ Russian: Тюр (Tjur)

→ Swedish: Tyr

Faroese: Týrur

Norwegian: Ty

Old Swedish: Tī

Swedish: Ti

Danish: Ty, Ti (dialectal, place names)

From earlier runic ᛏᛁᚢᛦ (tiuʀ), from Proto-Germanic *tīwaz; identical to týr (“god”). Cognate with Old English Tīw, Old Saxon Tīi, Old High German Zīu.


Ísland

Íslands (genitive)
Ísland (indefinite nominative)
Ísland (accusative indefinite)
Íslandi (dative indefinite)
Íslands (genitive indefinite)

Ísland

Danish: Island n

Faroese: Ísland n

Icelandic: Ísland n

desctree

→ Middle English: Iseland, Island, Islond, Yselond, Yslond, Yslonde (calque)
> English: Iceland (inherited)
→ Japanese: アイスランド (Aisurando)

Norwegian Bokmål: Island n

Norwegian Nynorsk: Island n

Swedish: Island n

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe)


Ása

Danish: Åse, Aase

Faroese: Ása, Æsa

Icelandic: Ása

Norwegian: Åse, Aase

Swedish: Åsa

A short form of Old Norse given names with Ás-, Æs-.
Ultimately from Old Norse áss (“god”), from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god”).


Alvíssmál

non-decl-blank-plur-indef

Alvíssmál

Alvíssmál (indefinite nominative)
Alvíssmál (accusative indefinite)
Alvíssmálum (dative indefinite)
Alvíssmála (genitive indefinite)

the Speeches of All-wise (a poem of the Poetic Edda)


Báleygr

From bál (“fire, pyre”) + eygr (“X-eyed one”).

compound

the one with flaming eyes (a heiti for Odin)


Biflindi

name of Odin, meaning either "one with the painted shield/spear", or "shield/spear shaker"


Bileygr

the one who lacks an eye (a kenning for Odin)


Eylúðr

the one that is ever making noise (a kenning for Odin)

the constant roarer (a kenning for the ocean)


Tveggi

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Tveggi

Tveggi (indefinite nominative)
Tveggja (accusative indefinite)
Tveggja (dative indefinite)
Tveggja (genitive indefinite)

From Proto-Germanic *Twajjô (“the twofold one”), originally weak form of lost adjective *twajjaz (“twofold”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwoyHós, whence also Lithuanian dveji̇̀, Sanskrit द्वय (dvaya, “double, twofold”), Ancient Greek δοιός (doiós, “double, twofold”). Compare Proto-Germanic *Frōdô (“the wise one”, personal name) (whence Old Norse Fróði), from *frōdaz (“wise”) (whence Old Norse fróðr).


Inga

Danish: Inga, Inge

Faroese: Inga

Icelandic: Inga

Norwegian: Inga

Swedish: Inga

A short form of female compound names beginning with Ing-, Ingi-, ("the god Ing or Yngvi").


Lundúnir

London (the capital city of the modern United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


Uppsalir

Uppsala (genitive)
Uppsalir (indefinite nominative)
Uppsali (accusative indefinite)
Uppsǫlum (dative indefinite)
Uppsala (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Uppsalir

Jamtish: Ufsale

Swedish: Uppsala (see there for further)

→ English: Uppsala

→ French: Uppsala

Literally “upper halls, upper dwellings”, from upp (“up”) + salir (“halls, rooms”, plural of salr).

compound

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">salr</i>

Uppsala (a city in eastern central Sweden)


Jótland

Icelandic: Jótland

Faroese: Jútland

Swedish: Jutland

Old Danish: Iutland

Danish: Jylland

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Jylland

→ Swedish: Jylland

From Proto-Germanic *Eutalandą, whence also Old English Ēotaland.

Jutland (a cultural region and peninsula in northwestern Europe, consisting of the mainland part of Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, which is part of Germany)


Færeyjar

non-decl-blank-plur

Færeyjar

Færeyjar (indefinite nominative plural)
Færeyjarnar (definite nominative plural)
Færeyjar (accusative indefinite plural)
Færeyjarnar (accusative definite plural)
Færeyjum (dative indefinite plural)
Færeyjunum (dative definite plural)
Færeyja (genitive indefinite plural)
Færeyjanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Færeyjar

Faroese: Føroyar

Norwegian Nynorsk: Færøyane

Norwegian Bokmål: Færøyene

Swedish: Färöarna

desctree

Danish: Færøerne
→ Dutch: Faeröer
→ Dutch Low Saxon: Faeröer
→ Italian: Fær Øer
Sardinian: Fær Øer
Sicilian: Ìsuli Fær Øer
Venetan: Ixołe Fær Øer

→ German: Färöer
Lower Sorbian: Färöje
Upper Sorbian: Färöje

A compound of fær (“sheep”) and eyjar (“islands”).

an archipelago and self-governing dependent territory of Norway and later Denmark, in the North Atlantic Ocean between Scotland and Iceland


Ægir

→ Icelandic: Ægir (learned)

→ Faroese: Ægir

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Æge (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Æge (learned)

→ Swedish: Ägir

→ Danish: Ægir

→ English: Ægir

→ Estonian: Ægir

→ Finnish: Ægir

Ægir (king of the sea in Norse mythology)


Áland

Icelandic: Áland

Faroese: Áland

Norwegian Nynorsk: Åland

Norwegian Bokmål: Åland

Swedish: Åland
→ Finnish: Oolanti

Danish: Ålandsøerne

Possibly from Proto-Norse *ᚨᚺᚹᚢᛚᚨᛞᚨ (*ahwulada). Equivalent to á (“river, water”) + land (“land”).


Ella

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Ella

Ella (indefinite nominative)
Ellu (accusative indefinite)
Ellu (dative indefinite)
Ellu (genitive indefinite)


ljósalfar

Margir staðir eru þar gǫfugligir. Sá er einn staðr þar, er kallaðr er Álfheimr. Þar byggvir fólk þat, er Ljósálfar heita, en Dǫkkálfar búa niðri í jǫrðu, ok eru þeir ólíkir þeim sýnum ok miklu ólíkari reyndum. Ljósálfar eru fegri en sól sýnum, en Dǫkkálfar eru svartari en bik."

c. 1220, Sturluson, Snorri. Gylfaginning (The Fooling Of Gylfe)

"There are many magnificient dwellings. One is there called Alfheim. There dwell the folk that are called light-elves; but the dark-elves dwell down in the earth, and they are unlike the light-elves in appearance, but much more so in deeds. The light-elves are fairer than the sun to look upon, but the dark-elves are blacker than pitch."

(Norse mythology) the "light elves", the elves who dwell in the heavens


dǫkkalfar

Margir staðir eru þar gǫfugligir. Sá er einn staðr þar, er kallaðr er Álfheimr. Þar byggvir fólk þat, er Ljósálfar heita, en Dǫkkálfar búa niðri í jǫrðu, ok eru þeir ólíkir þeim sýnum ok miklu ólíkari reyndum. Ljósálfar eru fegri en sól sýnum, en Dǫkkálfar eru svartari en bik.

c. 1220, Snorri Sturluson, Gylfaginning:

Rasmus Björn Anderson's translation:
There are many magnificient dwellings. One is there called Alfheim. There dwell the folk that are called light-elves; but the dark-elves dwell down in the earth, and they are unlike the light-elves in appearance, but much more so in deeds. The light-elves are fairer than the sun to look upon, but the dark-elves are blacker than pitch.

(Norse mythology) the "dark elves" who dwell down in the earth


Svartalfaheim

svartalfar (“black elves”) + heim (“home”)

compound

"Þá sendi Alföðr þann, er Skírnir er nefndr, sendimaðr Freys, ofan í Svartálfaheim til dverga nǫkkurra ok lét gera fjǫtur þann, er Gleipnir heitir."
(Wikisource translation: "So Alfather sent the youth, who is called Skirner, and is Frey's messenger, to some dwarfs in Svartalfheim, and had them make the fetter which is called Gleipner.")

(Norse mythology) the underground home and realm of the Svartálfar


Arni

Arna (oblique)
Arni (indefinite nominative)
Arna (accusative indefinite)
Arna (dative indefinite)
Arna (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Arni


Birgir

Birgir

Birgir (indefinite nominative)
Birgi (accusative indefinite)
Birgi (dative indefinite)
Birgis (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Birgir

Faroese: Birgir

Norwegian: Byrge, Børge, Børre, Berge

Old Swedish: Birghir, Byrghir

Swedish: Birger, Börje

Danish: Birger, Børge

→ Norwegian: Birger

Literally “helper, saviour”, related to bjarga and birgja.


Rúni

Rúni

Rúni (indefinite nominative)
Rúna (accusative indefinite)
Rúna (dative indefinite)
Rúna (genitive indefinite)

Danish: Rune

Faroese: Rúni

Norwegian: Rune

Swedish: Rune

From rúni, which derives from Proto-Germanic *rūnô (“counselor”).


Bjarni

Danish: Bjarne

Faroese: Bjarni

Icelandic: Bjarni

Norwegian: Bjarne

Swedish: Bjarne

Short form of Old Norse given names that contain Bjarn-, Bjǫrn- or -bjǫrn, such as Þórbjǫrn, Ásbjǫrn etc.
Finally from Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”)
See also Bjǫrn.


Fróði

Fróða (genitive)
Fróði (indefinite nominative)
Fróða (accusative indefinite)
Fróða (dative indefinite)
Fróða (genitive indefinite)

Fróði

Icelandic: Fróði

Faroese: Fróði

Norwegian: Frode

Danish: Frode

→ Latin: Frodo

→ English: Frodo

Originally a byname, from Proto-Germanic *Frōdô (“the wise”), masculine definite of *frōdaz (“wise”). Equivalent to fróði, masculine definite of fróðr.


Jórvík

Icelandic: Jórvík

→ Faroese: Jórvík (learned)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Jorvik (learned)

→ Swedish: Jorvik (learned)

→ Danish: Jorvig (learned)

desctree

→ Middle English: York, Yorke, Ȝork, Ȝorke, Ȝorc, Ȝeorc
English: York

Folk-etymological adaptation, based on jór (“stallion”), of Old English Eoforwīċ, itself an alteration of Proto-Brythonic *Eβrọg by false association with eofor (“boar”) (from Proto-Germanic *eburaz) and wīċ (“settlement”). Compare Latin Eborācum.

York (a city in modern North Yorkshire, England)


Jari

From Old Norse jara (“battle”), thus meaning “Warrior”.


Þorsteinn

Icelandic: Þorsteinn

Faroese: Torstein, Tórstein

Norwegian: Torstein

Swedish: Torsten

→ Finnish: Torsti

Danish: Torsten

→ German: Thorsten, Torsten

→ Old English: Þurstān

Middle English: Thurston

English: Thurston

→ Old Norman Torstein, Turstein, Tostein

→ Norman: Tostain; Toustain, Toutain (surnames)

→ Latin: Turstinus, Tustinus

→ English: Dustin, Dusty


Helga

Icelandic: Helga

Faroese: Helga

Norwegian: Helga, Hege, Hæge (Setesdal)

Old Swedish: Hiælgha, Hælgha

Swedish: Helga, Hella

Danish: Helga, Helle

→ Finnish: Helka, Hella

→ Russian: О́льга (Ólʹga)

→ Belarusian: Во́льга (Vólʹha)

→ Ukrainian: О́льга (Ólʹha)

From the Old Norse adjectives helga, a weak forms of *heiligr (“happy, lucky”).
The alternative form Hǫlga stems from the Old Norse adjective hǫlga, a weak form of *heilugr.
Cognate to the male given names Helgi and Hǫlgi.


Þorbjǫrn

head

Þorbjǫrn m (genitive Þorbjarnar, dative Þorbirni)

Icelandic: Þorbjörn

Faroese: Torbjørn

Norwegian: Torbjørn, Thorbjørn

Swedish: Torbjörn, Thorbjörn

desc

Old Danish: Thorbiorn, Thorbern, Thorben, Therbern

Danish: Thorbjørn, Torben

→ German: Torben


Rannveig

Faroese: Rannveig

Icelandic: Rannveig

Norwegian: Rannveig, Ranveig, Rønnaug


Ásbjǫrn

head

Ásbjǫrn m (genitive Ásbjarnar, dative Ásbirni)

Icelandic: Ásbjörn

Faroese: Ásbjørn

Norwegian: Asbjørn, Espen

Swedish: Åsbjörn, Esbjörn

Danish: Asbjørn, Esbern, Esben

desc

→ English: Osborne (or from the equivalent Anglo-Saxon name)

→ Old Norman: Osbern

→ Norman: Auber (surname)

áss, ǫ́ss (“god”) + bjǫrn (“bear”). Cognate with Old English Ōsbeorn.


Áskell

Danish: Eskild

→ English: Haskell

Faroese: Áskil, Eskil

→ Finnish: Esko

Norwegian: Eskil

Swedish: Eskil

→ English: Skelson (via Askellsen)

From Ásketill, Old Norse áss, óss "god" + ketill "(sacrificial) cauldron, helmet".


Yngvi

Yngva (genitive)
Yngvi (indefinite nominative)
Yngva (accusative indefinite)
Yngva (dative indefinite)
Yngva (genitive indefinite)
Ingi (alternative)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Yngvi

Icelandic: Yngvi

Faroese: Yngvi

Norwegian Nynorsk: Yngve

Old Swedish: Yngvi, Yngwi, Inge

Swedish: Yngve

From Proto-Germanic *Ingwaz. Cognate with Old English Ing, Latin Ingaevones.

(Norse mythology) Yngvi, the original name of Freyr


Tryggvi

Icelandic: Tryggvi

Faroese: Trygvi

Norwegian: Trygve

Swedish: Tryggve

Originally short form of Old Norse names ending in -tryggr (such as Hertryggr) and from an Old Norse byname tryggvi (“loyal”), variant of Old Norse tryggr.


Bjǫrn

head

Bjǫrn m (genitive Bjarnar, dative Birni)

Icelandic: Björn

Faroese: Bjørn

Norwegian: Bjørn

Swedish: Björn

Danish: Bjørn


Bjǫrgvin

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Bjǫrgvin

Bjǫrgvin (indefinite nominative)
Bjǫrgvin (accusative indefinite)
Bjǫrgvin (dative indefinite)
Bjǫrgvinjar (genitive indefinite)
Bjǫrgyn (alternative)

Icelandic: Björgvin

Norwegian Nynorsk: Bjørgvin, Bergen (partially from German)

Norwegian Bokmål: Bjørgvin, Bergen (partially from German)

desc

→ Scottish Gaelic: A' Bheirbh, A' Bhoirbh

From bjarg (“cliff”) + vin (“pasture, meadow”).


Magnús

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Magnús

Magnús (indefinite nominative)
Magnús (accusative indefinite)
Magnúsi (dative indefinite)
Magnúss (genitive indefinite)

Danish: Magnus

Faroese: Magnus

Icelandic: Magnús

Norwegian: Magnus

→ Scottish Gaelic: Mànus


Eilífr

Eilífs (genitive)
Eilífr (indefinite nominative)
Eilíf (accusative indefinite)
Eilífi (dative indefinite)
Eilífs (genitive indefinite)
Æilīfʀ (alternative)
ᛅᛁᛚᛁᚠᛦ (alternative)
ᛅᛁᛚᛁᚠᚱ (alternative)
ᛂᛚᛁᚠᚱ (alternative)

Eilífr

Icelandic: Eilífur

Faroese: Eilívur

desc

Norwegian: Eiliv, Eilev (the latter also from Eileifr)

Old Swedish: Elif, Elf

Swedish: Eliv, Elov, Elof, Elver, Elv, Älffer

→ German: Elov

Old Danish: Elif

→ Danish: Ejlif

[ˈæi̯ːliːβɹ̝]

From Proto-Norse *ᚨᛁᚹᚨᛚᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*aiwalībaʀ) or *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛚᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*ainalībaʀ). From Proto Germanic Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”) or *aiwaz (“always, eternity”), and *lībą (“life”) with added masculine -aʀ (akin to Leifr m from leif f).


Agmundr

a male given name, a younger variant of Old Norse Ǫgmundr


Óláfr

⇒ Old Norse: Óli (nickname)

Icelandic: Óli

Faroese: Óli

Norwegian: Ole

Swedish: Olle

Danish: Ole

→ Finnish: Olli

Icelandic: Áleifur, Ólafur

Faroese: Ólavur

Norwegian: Olav, Ola, → Olaf

Old Swedish: Olawær

Swedish: Olof, Olov

Danish: Olaf, Olav, Oluf

→ English: Olaf

→ Estonian: Olev

→ Finnish: Olavi, Uolevi

→ Latin: Olaus

→ Faroese: Lávus

desctree

→ Middle Irish: Amlaíb (< Ǫ́lęifr, with nasal ǫ́-)
Irish: Amhlaoibh
Manx: Aulee
Scottish Gaelic: Amhlaidh, Amhlaigh

→ Polish: Olaf

→ Portuguese: Olavo

→ Skolt Sami: Åʹll, Åållaž

→ Spanish: Olavo

/ˈɒ̃ːlɑːβɹ̝/

[ˈɒ̃ː.lɑːβ̥ɹ̻̊˔]

From Proto-Norse *ᚨᚾᚢᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*anulaibaʀ /Anulaibaz/) (whence also variants Óleifr, Áleifr), from Proto-Germanic *Anulaibaz (whence Old English Ānlāf), consisting of *anô (“ancestor”) and *laibō (“remainder”).
The first part of the name is cognate to German Ahn (“ancestor”) and Latin anus (“old woman”).

inh

Ǫ́láfr (alternative)
Óleifr (alternative)
Áleifr (alternative)
Ǫ́leifr (alternative)


Sindri

Icelandic: Sindri

Norwegian: Sindre

A medieval byname from the Old Norse verb sindra (“to sparkle”).


Ósló

Óslóar (genitive)
Óslós (genitive)
Ásló (alternative)

Icelandic: Ósló, Osló

Faroese: Ósló

Norwegian: Oslo, Åslo

→ Southern Sami: Oslove

→ Kven: Uslu, Ušlu

→ English: Oslo

q

→ Danish: Opsloe, Opslo (as a Danicisation of the Norwegian name Oslo)

→ Dutch: Ansloo, Anslo

→ Low German: Anslo

desc

→ Latin: Ansloa, Anslo, Ansloga, Asloa, Asloia, Osloa (Latinisations)

From older *Ǫ́sló where the ǫ́ is nasalised (whence the -n- in Dutch Ansloo), from Proto-Norse *ᚨᚾᛊᚢᛚᚨᚢᚺᚢ (*ansulauhu), from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”) + *lauhō f (“clearing, meadow”). According to Sandnes and Stemshaug, the name has likely been around since before the first century.
Another theory is that the first element comes from áss (“hill, beam”), from Proto-Germanic *amsaz, but this is unlikely, due to the u-umlauted ǫ́ reflected in Ósló.

Oslo (a city in Norway, now inside the modern city of Oslo)


Gizurr

Icelandic: Gissur m, Gizur m

Faroese: Gissur m


Dóri

Etymology obscure, although a meaning “The Borer” is proposed.


Sigtryggr

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Sigtryggr

Sigtryggr (indefinite nominative)
Sigtrygg (accusative indefinite)
Sigtryggvi (dative indefinite)
Sigtryggs (genitive indefinite)

From sigr (“victory”) + tryggr (“true, faithful”).


Níðhǫggr

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Níðhǫggr

Níðhǫggr (indefinite nominative)
Níðhǫgg (accusative indefinite)
Níðhǫggvi (dative indefinite)
Níðhǫggs (genitive indefinite)

Norwegian Nynorsk: Nidhogg

→ English: Nidhogg (learned)

From níð (“shame; enmity, hatred”) + hǫggr (“hewer, striker, cutter”). The second element is the agent of the verb hǫggva (“to hew”).

compound

(Norse mythology) a dragon who eats the roots of the Ash of Yggdrasill and torments those who died in shame


Þórr

Icelandic: Þór

Faroese: Tórur

Norwegian: Tor

Old Swedish: Þōr

Swedish: Tor

Old Danish: Thor

Danish: Tor (older spelling Thor)

→ Chinese: 索爾 /索尔 (suǒ'ěr)

→ English: Thor

→ French: Thor

→ Japanese: トール

→ Korean: 토르 (toreu)

→ Russian: Тор (Tor)

From Proto-Norse *ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ (*þonaraʀ), from Proto-Germanic *Þunraz, whence also Old English Þunor (English thunder), Old Saxon Thunær, Old High German ᚹᛁᚷᛁᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱ (wigiþonar), Donar (German Donner). In most related languages the theonym (“Thor”) and the natural phenomenon (“thunder”) were identical, but in Old Norse the latter sense was lost outside of compounds (like the ancestor of Swedish tordön (“the sound of thunder”)).

ᚦᚢᚱ (alternative nominative)
ᚦᚮᚱ (alternative nominative)

c. 975, Þórbjǫrn dísarskáld, Poem about Þórr, verse 1

Thor has mightily defended Asgard together with the messengers of Ygg [GODS].

Þórr hefr Yggs með ǫ́rum / Ásgarð af þrek varðan.


Suðreyjar

English: Sodor

Faroese: Suðuroyggjar f pl

Icelandic: Suðureyjar f pl

Literally “south isles”, from suðr (“south”) + ey (“island”).


Orkneyjar

non-decl-blank-plur

Orkneyjar

Orkneyjar (indefinite nominative plural)
Orkneyjarnar (definite nominative plural)
Orkneyjar (accusative indefinite plural)
Orkneyjarnar (accusative definite plural)
Orkneyjum (dative indefinite plural)
Orkneyjunum (dative definite plural)
Orkneyja (genitive indefinite plural)
Orkneyjanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Orkneyjar f pl

Faroese: Orknoyggjar f pl

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: Orknøyar f pl; (definite form) Orknøyane, Orknøyarne

Norwegian Bokmål: Orknøyene m pl or f pl

Swedish: Orknöarna c pl

Danish: Ørkenøerne c pl

→ English: Orkney, Orkneys, Orkney Islands

Adapted from a Pictish word (perhaps from Proto-Celtic *ɸorkos (“pig”)), with a suffixed eyjar (“islands”). Compare Latin Orcades.


Vestmannaeyjar

Faroese: Vestmannaoyggjar

Icelandic: Vestmannaeyjar

From Vestmaðr (“Briton, Irishman, Gael”) + ey (“island”).

af

the Westman Islands, an archipelago off the south coast of Iceland


Áki

Icelandic: Áki

Faroese: Áki

Swedish: Åke

Danish: Aage, Åge

→ Norwegian: Åge

→ Finnish: Aake

From a diminutive of Proto-Norse *ᚨᚾᚢᛉ (*anuʀ, “ancestor”), from Proto-Germanic *anô (as in the first part of the name Óláfr).


Guðrún

Danish: Gudrun

Faroese: Guðrun

Icelandic: Guðrún

Norwegian: Gudrun, Guro

Swedish: Gudrun

Probably a mix of two originally distinct names, both with the latter part rún (“rune, secret, confidante”): Guðrún, Goðrún, from guð (“god”) (Proto-Germanic *Gudarūnō) and (perhaps more common) *Gunnrún, Guðrún, from gunnr, guðr (“battle”) (Proto-Germanic *Gunþarūnō), with the regular sound change -nnr- > -ðr-. The latter is evidenced by the Icelandic short form Gunna.
A heroine of several Norse legends, identical to Kriemhild in the German Nibelungenlied.


bergrisi

non-noun

bergrisi m (genitive bergrisa, plural bergrisar)

From berg (“mountain”) + risi (“giant”). Cognate with Dutch bergreus (“mountain giant”) and German Bergriese (“mountain giant”).


Óðinn

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Óðinn

Óðinn (indefinite nominative)
Óðin (accusative indefinite)
Óðni (dative indefinite)
Óðins (genitive indefinite)
ᚢᚦᛁᚾ (alternative)
ᚮᚦᛂᚾ (alternative)

Icelandic: Óðinn

Faroese: Óðin

Norwegian Nynorsk: Oden, ons- (< Óðins), Odin

Old Swedish: Ōþin, Ōdhen, Ōdhin

Swedish: Oden

Old Danish: Odhen

Scanian: Óðen, Nóðen

Danish: Oden

→ Danish: Odin

Norwegian Bokmål: Odin

→ Old English: Ōþen, Ōðon, Ōwðen

→ English: Odin

→ Japanese: オーディン (Ōdin)

→ Chinese: 奧丁 /奥丁 (Àodīng)

→ Latin: Ōthinus, Ōdinus, Ōthin

Italian: Odino

→ Portuguese: Ódin

→ Spanish: Odín

→ German: Odin

→ French: Odin

→ Swedish: Odin

→ Finnish: Odin

→ Russian: О́дин (Ódin)

9th century West Norse, 12th century Icelandic

From Proto-Norse ᚹᛟᛞᛁᚾᛦ (wodinʀ), ᚹᛟᛞᛁᚾᚨᛉ (wodinaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *Wōdanaz, whence also Old English Wōden, Old Saxon Wōden, Old High German Wuotan, Wodan. Related to the adjective óðr, literally meaning “the mad one”.

Ǫnd þau né átto, óð þau né hǫfðo,
lá né læti né lito góða.
Ǫnd gaf Óðinn, óð gaf Hœnir,
lá gaf Lóðurr ok lito góða.

Spirit they possessed not, sense they had not,
blood nor motive powers, nor goodly colour.
Spirit gave Odin, sense gave Hœnir,
blood gave Lodur, and goodly colour.


Freyr

Freyr

Freyr (indefinite nominative)
Frey (accusative indefinite)
Frey (dative indefinite)
Freys (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Freyr

→ Swedish: Frej (learned)

→ Danish: Frej (learned)

Faroese: Froyur

Norwegian: Frøy

Old Swedish: *Frø̄

Swedish: Frö

Old Danish: Frø̄

Old Danish: Frø

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *frawjô (“Lord”), via alternative form *frawjaz (transferred to a-stem declension). Originally an epithet of Yngvi (cognate with Old English Ing), as seen in Yngvi-Freyr (“Lord Yngvi”). Compare Freyja.

inh+

[…] folkmýgi lát flœja,
Freyr ok Njǫrðr, af jǫrðum,
leiðisk lofða stríði,
landôss, þanns vé grandar.
Freyr and Njǫrðr, let the people-oppressor flee from his lands; may the land-áss [= Þórr] come to loathe the tormentor of men, the one who damages sanctuaries.

c. 930, Egill Skallagrímsson, loose verse 21

Mér skyli Freyr ok Freyja,
fjǫrð lætk ǫðul Njarðar,
líknisk grǫm við Grímni,
gramr, ok Þór enn ramma; […]
Freyr and Freyja, and Þórr the strong, must be angry with me; last year I forsook the inheritance of Njǫrðr; may the fiends ask Grímnir <= Óðinn> for mercy.

995-1000, Hallfreðr vandræðaskald Óttarsson, loose verse 9

Freyr, a god associated with kingship and virility


Egill

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Egill

Egill (indefinite nominative)
Egil (accusative indefinite)
Agli (dative indefinite)
Egli (dative indefinite)
Egils (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Egill

Faroese: Egil

Norwegian: Egel, Egil, Eiel, Eigil

Old Swedish: Æghil

Swedish: Egil

Old Danish: Eghil

Danish: Eigil, Ejgil

→ Greenlandic: Eikili

→ Sami: Egel

From Proto-Germanic *Agilaz. Old Norse forms include Old Swedish Æghil and Old Danish Eghil. The Old High German cognates are Agilo, Egilo. Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌻- (agil-) may also be cognate.


Geirmundr

Danish: Germund

Faroese: Geirmundur

Icelandic: Geirmundur

Norwegian: Geirmund, Gjermund

Swedish: Germund

From geirr (“spear”) and mund (“protector”).


Saxland

Saxland

Saxland (indefinite nominative)
Saxland (accusative indefinite)
Saxlandi (dative indefinite)
Saxlands (genitive indefinite)

Saxony (a historical region and former duchy in north-central Germany)


Danmǫrk

non-proper noun

Danmǫrk f (genitive Danmerkr or Danmarkar)

Danmerkr (genitive)
Danmarkar (genitive)
ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚢᚱᚴ (alternative)

Icelandic: Danmörk f

Faroese: Danmørk f, Danmark n

Norwegian (Bokmål): Danmark n

Norwegian (Nynorsk): Danmark n

Swedish: Danmark n or c

Danish: Danmark n

From danir (“Danes”) (from Proto-Germanic *danīz) + mǫrk (“borderland, land with a border, country”) (from Proto-Germanic *markō). Compare Old English Denemearc.


Jair

Icelandic: Jaír

Faroese: Jáir

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: Ja'ir

Norwegian Nynorsk: Ja'ir

Swedish: Jair

Danish: Jair

Þar næst var domandi yfir Gyðingvm sa maðr er het Jair af Galaað .ii. ár oc .xx.

Stjórn 195, in 1862, C. R. Unger, Stjórn: gammelnorsk Bibelhistorie: fra Verdens Skabelse til det babyloniske Fangenskab. Christiania, page 403

And after him arose Jair, a Gileadite, and judged Israel twenty and two years. (KJV)


Norðymbraland

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Norðymbraland

Norðymbraland (indefinite nominative)
Norðymbraland (accusative indefinite)
Norðymbralandi (dative indefinite)
Norðymbralands (genitive indefinite)

Northumberland (the most northerly county of England bordered by County Durham, Cumbria, Tyne and Wear, Scotland and the North Sea)

Northumberland (a unitary authority of England, which includes all of the traditional county except the area around Newcastle upon Tyne)


Langbarðaland

Langbarðaland

Langbarðaland (indefinite nominative)
Langbarðaland (accusative indefinite)
Langbarðalandi (dative indefinite)
Langbarðalands (genitive indefinite)
ᛚᛅᚴᛒᛅᚱᚦᛁᛚᛅᚾᛏᛁ (alternative)
ᛚᛅᚾᚴᛒᛅᚱᚦᛅᛚᛅᚾᛏᛁ (alternative)

Icelandic: Langbarðaland

langbarðar (“Lombards, Langobards”) + land (“land, country”)


Guðmundr

Icelandic: Guðmundur

Norwegian: Gudmund

Swedish: Gudmund

French: Gaumont

Old Norse guð (“god”) + mundr (“protection”). -mund is cognate to Old English mund and Proto-Germanic *mundō.


Haraldr

head

Haraldr m (genitive Haralds, dative Haraldi, accusative Harald)

Haralds (genitive)
Haraldi (dative)
Harald (accusative)

Icelandic: Haraldur

Faroese: Haraldur

Norwegian: Harald, Hareld

Swedish: Harald

Danish: Harald

→ Old English: Harold

English: Harold

→ German: Harald

→ Estonian: Harald

→ Latvian: Haralds

From Proto-Germanic *Harjawaldaz, from *harjaz (“army”) and *waldaz (“leader”). Compare *Waldaharjaz (“Walther, Walter”), composed of the same elements but in the reverse order. Attested by Tacitus, in the form Chariovalda. Cognates include English Harold, French Héraut, Italian Araldo, Spanish Haraldo.


Steinarr

Icelandic: Steinar, Steinarr

Faroese: Steinar

Norwegian: Steinar; (dialectal) Steinår

Old Swedish: Stenar

Swedish: Stenar

Danish: Stener

From Proto-Norse ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᚹᚨᚱᛁᛃᚨᛉ (stainawarijaʀ), consisting of ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (stainaʀ, “stone”) and Proto-Norse *ᚹᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (*warjaʀ, “defender”). In some cases, the second part of Steinarr might stem from *ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (*harjaʀ, “warrior”), being equivalent to Old High German Steinheri.

inh

ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᚹᚨᚱᛁᛃᚨᛉ


Guðbrandr

Norwegian: Gudbrand

From guð (“god”) and brandr (“fire, sword”).


Þórir

Icelandic: Þórir

Faroese: Tórir

Norwegian: Tore

Old Swedish: Thōre

Swedish: Ture, Tore

→ Finnish: Tuure

Probably from older *Þórvér, i.e. Þórr (“Thor”) + -vér, from Proto-Germanic *Þunrawīhaz. Compare the female names Þyri (< *Þórvé) and Þórveig (with the related suffix -veig).


Hákon

head

Hákon m (genitive Hákonar, dative Hákoni, accusative Hákon)

Hákonar (genitive)
Hákoni (dative)
Hákon (accusative)

Icelandic: Hákon

Faroese: Hákun

Norwegian: Håkon

Swedish: Håkan

Danish: Hågen

→ Old East Slavic: Ꙗкунъ (Jakunŭ)

Of debated meaning; possibly from Old Norse hár (“high”) or Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (“horse”) and Old Norse konr (“descendant”).


Geirr

Faroese: Geir, Geirur

Icelandic: Geir

Norwegian: Geir

Swedish: Geir

From Old Norse geirr (“spear”). Might also be a short form of Old Norse proper names with Geir- (such as Geirbrandr) or -geirr (such as Þorgeirr). In both cases from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz.
Cognate to Ger- as in German Gerhard and English Gerard and to Old English gār as in English Edgar.


Einarr

Icelandic: Einar

Faroese: Einar

Norwegian: Einar; (dialectal) Einår

→ Danish: Ener (Danification)

Old Swedish: Enar

Swedish: Enar

→ Swedish: Einar, Ejnar

→ Danish: Einar, Ejnar, Ejner

→ Estonian: Einar

→ Finnish: Einari

→ Latvian: Einārs

Probably Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”) and Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“warrior”).
Doublet of einheri (plural einherjar).


Eiríkr

Eiríkr m (genitive Eiríks, dative Eiríki, accusative Eirík)

Eiríks (genitive)
Eiríki (dative)
Eirík (accusative)
Eirekr (alternative)

Icelandic: Eiríkur

Faroese: Eirikur

Norwegian: Eirik, Eirek, Erik

Dalecarlian: ᛁᛆᚱᚴ (Ierk)

Old Swedish: Erīker

Swedish: Erik, Jerker

Danish: Erik

→ German: Erich

→ English: Eric

→ Estonian: Eerik

→ Finnish: Eerik, Erkki

→ Latvian: Ēriks

→ Russian: Э́йрик (Éjrik), Э́рик (Érik)

From Proto-Norse *Aiwa-rikiaʀ (literally “ever ruler”) (compare Gothic *𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*aiwareiks)), or *Aina-rikiaʀ (literally “one ruler”).
*Aiwa- is related to Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“long time”), cognate to Latin aevum (“life, lifetime”).
*Aina- stems from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”) and is cognate to Latin ūnus (“one”).
The second part, *-rikiaʀ stems from Proto-Germanic *rīkijaz, cognate to Latin rēx (“king”).


Erlingr

Danish: Erling

Faroese: Erlingur

Icelandic: Erlingur

Norwegian: Erling, Elling

desc

Old Swedish: Ærlinger, Arlingus, Yrling, Herlingus

Swedish: Erling, Elling

Derived from the stem of Old Norse jarl (“nobleman”).
For the suffix -ingr, see -ing.
Originally, Erlingr was a byname for a jarl's relative.


Finnr

Icelandic: Finnur

Faroese: Finnur

Norwegian: Finn

Danish: Finn

a male given name; as an element also in Finnviðr, Finnulfr, Finnólfr, et cetera


Gunnarr

Icelandic: Gunnar

Faroese: Gunnar

Norwegian: Gunna(r), Gon(n)ar, Gunnår

Old Swedish: Gunnar

Swedish: Gunnar

Danish: Gunder, → Gunnar

→ Faroese: Gundur

→ Norwegian: Gunder, Gunner

→ Estonian: Gunnar, Kunnar

From Old Norse gunnr (“fight”) and -arr from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“warrior”), from Proto-Germanic *Gunþiharjaz.
Cognates include: German Günther, Gunther.


Ívarr

Icelandic: Ívar

Faroese: Ívar

Norwegian: Ivar, Ivår, Iva

Swedish: Ivar

Danish: Iver

→ Norwegian: Iver

→ Danish: Ivar

→ Estonian: Ivar

→ Latvian: Ivars

→ Finnish: Iivari

→ Old Irish: Ímar

→ Irish: Íomhar

→ Scottish Gaelic: Ìomhar

The first part (Ív-) stems from Proto-Germanic *īwaz (“yew”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“yew”), whence also Old English īw.
The second part (-arr) stems from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“warrior”), whence also Old Norse herr (“army, crowd”).
Partly merged with Old Norse Yngvarr, Ingvarr.


Yngvarr

Icelandic: Ingvar, Yngvar

Faroese: Ingvar, Yngvar

Norwegian: Ingvar, Yngvar

Old Swedish: Inguar, Ingvar

Swedish: Ingvar, Yngvar

→ Belarusian: І́гар (Íhar)

→ Carpathian Rusyn: І́ґорь (Ígorʹ)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: Иґор (Igor)

→ Russian: И́горь (Ígorʹ)

→ Ukrainian: І́гор (Íhor)

Probably from Proto-Norse *Inguharjaz. The first part (*Ingu-, Yngv-) is from Proto-Germanic *Ingwaz. The second part (*harjaR, -arr) stems from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“warrior”).


Knútr

Icelandic: Knútur

Faroese: Knútur

Norwegian: Knut

Swedish: Knut

Danish: Knud

→ Greenlandic: Kunuuti

desctree

→ Old English: Cnūt
Middle English: Knout, Knut
→ English: Cnut, Knut

→ Anglo-Norman: *Canut, Kenut

→ Middle English: Canut

English: Canute

→ Medieval Latin: Canūtus

→ Italian: Canuto

→ Portuguese: Canuto

→ Spanish: Canuto

Probably from Old Norse knútr (“knot”), originally a byname.


Leifr

Icelandic: Leifur

Faroese: Leivur

Norwegian Nynorsk: Leiv

Norwegian Bokmål: Leiv

Swedish: Lev

Danish: Lev

→ Norwegian: Leif

→ Danish: Leif

→ Swedish: Leif

Short form of Old Norse given names that contain Old Norse leifr (“inheritor”).


Oddr

Faroese: Oddur

Icelandic: Oddur

Norwegian: Odd

Swedish: Odd

Short form of compound names with the Old Norse element oddr (“sharp point, spear”).


Hreiðarr

Faroese: Reiðar

Icelandic: Hreiðar

Norwegian: Reidar

From hreiðr (“nest, home”) + herr (“army”) or geirr (“spear”).


Hrólfr

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Hrólfr

Hrólfr (indefinite nominative)
Hrólf (accusative indefinite)
Hrólfi (dative indefinite)
Hrólfs (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Hrólfur

Faroese: Rólvur

Norwegian: Rolf

Swedish: Rolf

Danish: Rolf

→ Latin: Rolvo, Rolpho, Rollo

→ Old Norman: Rouf, Rou (Wace)

→ English: Rolf

From Old Norse *Hróðulfr, from Proto-Germanic *Hrōþiwulfaz. Consists of Old Norse hróðr (“fame”) and ulfr (“wolf”). Cognate to English Rudolph.


Sigurðr

Icelandic: Sigurður

Faroese: Sjúrður

Norwegian: Sjurd

Jamtish: Sjúł

Old Swedish: Sighvardh, Siughurdh

Swedish: Sjurd, Sjul

→ Norwegian: Sigurd

→ Faroese: Sigurð

→ Swedish: Sigurd

→ Danish: Sigurd

From Proto-Germanic *Sigiwarduz, equivalent to sigr (victory) + varðr, vǫrðr (guard). Cognates include Old High German Sigiwart (German Siegwart), Old English Sigeweard (English Siward), West Frisian Sieuwerd, Dutch Sjoerd.


Stígr

head

Stígr m (genitive Stígs, dative Stígi, accusative Stíg)

Stígs (genitive)
Stígi (dative)
Stíg (accusative)

Danish: Stig

Icelandic: Stígur

Norwegian: Stig

Swedish: Stig

Stígr is an agent noun of the Old Norse verb stíga (“to step”).


Sveinn

Danish: Svend

Faroese: Sveinur

Icelandic: Sveinn

Norwegian: Svein, Sven

Swedish: Sven

→ German: Sven, Swen

→ Estonian: Sven

→ Latvian: Svens

→ Old English: Sweġn

→ English: Sweyn

→ Finnish: Soini

Originally a byname, from Old Norse sveinn (“boy, servant”).


Þorgeirr

Icelandic: Þorgeir

Norwegian: Torgeir, Tarjei, Terje

Swedish: Torger


Þróndr

Icelandic: Þrándur

Faroese: Tróndur

Norwegian Nynorsk: Trond, Trånd

Norwegian Bokmål: Trond, Trånd

Old Swedish: Thrōnd

Swedish: Trond

Old Danish: Thrōnd

Danish: Trond

According to Otterbjörk, originally a byname, from þróndr (“man from Trøndelag (a region in Norway)”).
According to Vågslid, from the stem of the Old Norse verb þróask (“to prosper”).

Maðr hét Þróndr Mió-beinn; hann for til Íslannz með Geirmunde Hjeljar-skinne; hann var ættaðr af Ogðom. Þróndr nam eyjar fyr vestan Biarneyja-floa, ok bió í Flatey.

1905, Guðbrandur Vigfússon, Origines Islandicae, page 89:

There was a man called Throwend Slim-leg. He went out to Iceland with Gar-mund Hell-skin. His race came out of Agd. Throwend took in settlement the islands to the west of Bearney-floe, and dwelt at Flat-ey.

a male given name, equivalent to English Throwend


Végarðr

Norwegian: Vegard, Vegar

From Old Norse vé (“home”) + garðr (in the older, abstract meaning “protection”).


Friðþjófr

Danish: Frithjof, Frithiof

Icelandic: Friðþjófur

Norwegian: Fridtjof, Fridtjov

Swedish: Fritjof, Fritiof

From Old Norse friðr (“peace”) + þjófr (“thief”).
Maybe a kenning (a metaphorical phrase used in Old Norse poetry) for a fighter.
Revived through Esaias Tegnérs Frithjofs saga.


Ǫgmundr

Faroese: Øgmundur

Icelandic: Ögmundur

Norwegian: Agmund, Amund, Ogmund, Åmund

Old Swedish: Aghmund, Amund,

Swedish: Amund, Åmund,

Ǫg- + -mundr.
* The first part probably is the stem of Old Norse agi (“sharp point”), cognate to Proto-Germanic *agjō.
* The second part is mundr, cognate to Old English mund (“protection”).
Old Norse Agmundr is a younger variant.


Áslaug

Faroese: Ásleyg

Icelandic: Áslaug

Norwegian: Aslaug, Åslaug

Swedish: Aslög, Åslög

From Old Norse áss (“deity”) and laug which probably means “consecrated, promised”, which is cognate to Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (liugan, “to marry”).


Ástríðr

Icelandic: Ástríður

Faroese: Ástrið, Astrið

Norwegian: Åstrid, Astrid

Swedish: Astrid, Astri

Danish: Astrid

From Ásríðr, a variant of Ásfríðr; from áss + fríðr (“beautiful”).


Borghildr

Borghildr f (genitive Borghildar, dative and accusative Borghildi)

Borghildar (genitive)
Borghildi (accusative dative)
Borgildr (alternative)

Norwegian: Borghild

Icelandic: Borghildur

From Old Norse borg and hildr (“battle”).
The first part probably means “protection”.


Dagný

Danish: Dagny

Faroese: Dagný

Icelandic: Dagný

Norwegian: Dagny

Swedish: Dagny

From dagr (“day”) + ný (“new, young”), the female form of the adjective nýr.


Gerðr

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Gerðr

Gerðr (indefinite nominative)
Gerði (accusative indefinite)
Gerði (dative indefinite)
Gerðar (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Gerður

Faroese: Gerð, Gerda

Norwegian: Gjerd, Gerd

Swedish: Gärd, Gerd

Danish: Gerd

Probably derived from Old Norse garðr (“garden, yard”), in the older meaning “protection”.

a female given name, name of a giantess in Norse mythology


Gunnr

head

Gunnr f (genitive Gunnar, dative and accusative Gunni)

Gunnar (genitive)
Gunni (accusative dative)
Gunnr (indefinite nominative)
Gunni (accusative indefinite)
Gunni (dative indefinite)
Gunnar (genitive indefinite)
ᚴᚢᚿᛆᛧ (alternative)
Guðr (alternative)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Gunnr

Faroese: Gunn

Icelandic: Gunnur

→ Middle English: Gunn

Scots: Gunn

English: Gunn

→ Old French: Gunnor

Norwegian: Gunn

Swedish: Gun

From gunnr, guðr (“battle”), from Proto-Germanic *gunþiz (“battle”). Name of a Valkyrie in Norse mythology.


Gunnvǫr

Icelandic: Gunnvör

Faroese: Gunnvør

Norwegian: Gunnvor, Gunvor

Swedish: Gunvor

The first part is Old Norse gunnr (“battle”), from Proto-Germanic *gunþiz.
The second part is vǫr. Probably derived from the Old Norse adjective varr (“careful, wise, loyal”), cognate to the Gothic adjective 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃 (wars, “cautious”). Alternatively, vǫr is cognate to Proto-Germanic *wari- (“warrior”).


Hjǫrdís

Hjǫrdísar (genitive)
Hjǫrdís (indefinite nominative)
Hjǫrdís (accusative indefinite)
Hjǫrdís (dative indefinite)
Hjǫrdísar (genitive indefinite)

Hjǫrdís

Icelandic: Hjördís

Faroese: Hjørdis

Norwegian: Hjørdis

Swedish: Hjördis

Danish: Hjørdis

From hjǫrr (“sword”) + dís (“minor goddess, noble woman”).


Ingibjǫrg

Icelandic: Ingibjörg

Faroese: Ingibjørg

desc

Norwegian: Ingeborg, Ingebjørg, Ymbjørg, Yngbjørg, Yngjebjør

Swedish: Ingeborg

Danish: Ingeborg

From Ing(i)- ("the god Ing or Yngvi") and bjǫrg (“salvation”), related to bjarga (“to save”). Cognate with Old Dutch (Frankish) Ingoberga.


Ingiríðr

Icelandic: Ingiríður

Faroese: Ingirið

Norwegian: Ingerid

Swedish: Ingrid

Danish: Ingrid

→ Finnish: Inkeri

From *Ingifríðr, whence also Icelandic Ingifríður and Norwegian Ingfrid, from the god Yngvi + fríðr (“beautiful”).


Jórunn

Faroese: Jórun and Jórunn

Icelandic: Jórunn

Norwegian: Jorunn, Jorun

From jǫfurr (“wild boar”) (cognate to Old English eofor), and unna (“to love”).


Ragnhildr

head

Ragnhildr f (genitive Ragnhildar, accusative and dative Ragnhildi)

Ragnhildar (genitive)
Ragnhildi (accusative dative)

Danish: Ragnhild

→ Finnish: Rauni

Faroese: Ragnhild

Icelandic: Ragnhildur

Norwegian: Ragnhild

Swedish: Ragnhild

desc

→ Scottish Gaelic: Raonaid, Raghnaid, Raonailt

→ Irish: Raonait

From ragn- (“counsel”) and hildr (“battle”). ragn- is the same word as Old Norse regin (“gods”), Old English regn-.


Ragnfríðr

Faroese: Ragnfríð, Randi, Randið, Randfríð

Danish: Randi

Norwegian: Randi, Rangdi, Rangrid, Ranni

Swedish: Randi, Ramfrid

From Old Norse Ragn- and fríðr (“beautiful”).
Ragn- is the same word as Old Norse regin (“gods”), Old English regn-.


Hreiðunn

Danish: Reidun

Norwegian: Reidun, Reidunn

Swedish: Reidun

From Old Norse hreiðr (“nest, home”) + unna (“to love”).


Signý

Danish: Signe

Faroese: Signý

Icelandic: Signý

Norwegian: Signy, Signe

Swedish: Signy, Signe


Sigríðr

Icelandic: Sigríður, Sigfríður

Faroese: Sigrið, Sirið

Norwegian: Sigrid, Sirid, Siri

Swedish: Sigrid, Siri

Danish: Sigrid

From Old Norse sigr (“victory”) + fríðr (“beautiful”).


Þorný

Icelandic: Þórný

Norwegian: Tone, Thone

From Old Norse Þórr (“Thor”) + ný (“new”).


Freyja

Icelandic: Freyja

Faroese: Froya

Norwegian: Frøya

Danish: Freja

⇒ Danish: Fridlefsborg

Swedish: Freja, Fröja

⇒ Swedish: Froijenborg, Floyenborg

→ English: Freya

From freyja (“lady”), from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ.

(Norse mythology) Freya, goddess associated with sex, death, and magic (see Freyja)


Holtsetaland

non-decl-blank-full

Holtsetaland

Holtsetaland (indefinite nominative singular)
Holtsetalandit (definite nominative singular)
Holtsetalǫnd (indefinite nominative plural)
Holtsetalǫndin (definite nominative plural)
Holtsetaland (accusative indefinite singular)
Holtsetalandit (accusative definite singular)
Holtsetalǫnd (accusative indefinite plural)
Holtsetalǫndin (accusative definite plural)
Holtsetalandi (dative indefinite singular)
Holtsetalandinu (dative definite singular)
Holtsetalǫndum (dative indefinite plural)
Holtsetalǫndunum (dative definite plural)
Holtsetalands (genitive indefinite singular)
Holtsetalandsins (definite genitive singular)
Holtsetalanda (genitive indefinite plural)
Holtsetalandanna (definite genitive plural)
Hollsetaland (alternative)

Icelandic: Holtsetaland

Compound of holtsetar (“Holsteiners”) + land (“land”).

com+

a geographic region and medieval duchy between the rivers Elbe and Eider, to the south of Schleswig, part of the modern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany


Gauti

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Gauti

Gauti (indefinite nominative)
Gauta (accusative indefinite)
Gauta (dative indefinite)
Gauta (genitive indefinite)

Probably related to Gautr (“Odin”), gjóta (“to cast, to pour”) originally referring to libations, thus perhaps "the pourer of libations".


Bragi

Braga (genitive)
Bragi (indefinite nominative)
Braga (accusative indefinite)
Braga (dative indefinite)
Braga (genitive indefinite)

Bragi

From bragr, from Proto-Germanic *bragz (“the first, premier, chief”).


Baldr

Icelandic: Baldur

Faroese: Baldur

Norwegian Nynorsk: Balder

Swedish: Balder

Danish: Balder

From the adjective baldr, ballr (“brave”); compare the Icelandic adjective baldur (“bold”). Probably derived from Proto-Germanic *Baldraz (“hero, prince”).

(Norse mythology) Baldur, one of the Norse gods


Helluland

→ English: Helluland

→ French: Hellulande

desc

Icelandic: Helluland, Helluland it Mikla, Litla Helluland

hella (“flat stone”) + land (“land”). Coined by Leif Erikson c. 1000 CE

Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Canadian Arctic Archipelago#English

Helluland: Baffin Island (an island of Nunavut, Canada, in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago)


Grǿnland

Translingual: Groenlandia, groenlandicus, Groenlandiella,

Icelandic: Grænland

Faroese: Grønland

Norwegian Nynorsk: Grønland

Swedish: Grönland

Danish: Grønland

Norwegian Bokmål: Grønland

→ Russian: Грумант (Grumant)

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


Sverrir

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Sverrir

Sverrir (indefinite nominative)
Sverri (accusative indefinite)
Sverri (dative indefinite)
Sverris (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Sverrir

Norwegian: Sverre

From a word meaning "spinning, swinging," according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to hiss, ring, whistle”); see also svarmr.


Egiptaland

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Egiptaland

Egiptaland (indefinite nominative)
Egiptaland (accusative indefinite)
Egiptalandi (dative indefinite)
Egiptalands (genitive indefinite)

Faroese: Egyptaland

Icelandic: Egyptaland

First part from Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos), from Mycenaean Greek *aikupitos (compare 𐁁𐀓𐀠𐀴𐀍 (a3-ku-pi-ti-jo, “Egyptian”)), from Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ (literally “The temple of the ka of Ptah”) (whose Late Egyptian pronunciation is reflected by Akkadian 𒄭𒆪𒌒𒋫𒀪 (ḫikuptaḫ)), from ḥwt (“temple”) + kꜣ (“ka”) + ptḥ (“Ptah”), referring to Ptah's temple in the important city of Memphis.

affix

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Ǫzurr

Faroese: Øssur, Øksur

Icelandic: Össur

Old Swedish: Ansvar, Azur, Azar, Assur

Probably from Proto-Germanic *Andaswaraz (literally “one who answers”).


Valfǫðr

From valr (“the slain”) + -fǫðr (“leader, commander”).

(Norse mythology) Odin, literally "Commander of the slain"


Heimdallr

Heimdallar (genitive)
Heimdallr (indefinite nominative)
Heimdall (accusative indefinite)
Heimdall (dative indefinite)
Heimdallar (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Heimdallr

/ˈhɛ̃ĩmˌdɑlːr̩/

heimr (“home; world”) + dallr of unknown origin and meaning. The latter term appears to correspond to feminine -dǫll in Mardǫll, one of Freyja's names, and is perhaps cognate with Old English deal (“proud, eminent”), giving a potential meaning "World-Bright". It may also be the root of Dellingr (“the father of Dagr or Day”), whose name could mean "the shining one." According to Pokorny, the root is Proto-Indo-European *dʰel- (“shining, light”), a derivative of *ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam”), compare the cognates listed at Albanian diell (“sun”).

der

Meiri ok minni / mögu Heimdallar; […]

Vǫluspá, verse 1, lines 3-4, in 1867, S. Bugge, Norrœn fornkvæði: Sæmundar Edda hins fróða. Christiania, page 1

Greater and smaller / sons of Heimdall; […]


Ginnungagap

Genitive plural of ginnungr of uncertain origin and meaning + gap (“gap, empty space”). According to some sources, the former term is related to Proto-Germanic *ginnaną, from which *biginnaną (“to begin”) descended, thus meaning "primeval", while other sources compare the term with the prefix ginn- (for instance in ginnheilagr (“most holy”), used of the supreme gods), therefore giving the meaning "mighty, vast".

(Norse mythology) Ginnungagap, primordial chaos


Borr

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”), therefore probably meaning "the one brought forth". Compare Buri (“the bringer forth”).


Miðgarðr

Icelandic: Miðgarður

Faroese: Miðgarður

Norwegian Nynorsk: Midgard

Norwegian Bokmål: Midgard

Swedish: Midgård

Danish: Midgård

Norwegian Bokmål: Midgård

→ English: Midgard

From miðr (“middle”) + garðr (“yard; enclosured land; realm”) or directly from Proto-Germanic *midjagardaz (“Middle Earth”). Cognate with Old English middangeard, Old Saxon middilgard, Old High German mittilgart, Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (midjungards).

inh

the Earth, (especially Norse mythology) Midgard, Middle Earth, the world that humans (mostly) live in


Iðavǫllr

From *iða of uncertain origin and meaning + vǫllr (“field”). Concerning the former term, some sources propose the meaning "splendour", while others connect it to Old Saxon idis or to the name of mount Ida.


Jǫtunheimr

Icelandic: Jötunheimur

Norwegian Nynorsk: Jøtunheim

From jǫtunn (“jotun, giant”) + heimr (“home, earth, world”).


Brimir

head

Brimir m (genitive Brimis, dative and accusative Brimi)

Brimis (genitive)
Brimi (accusative dative)

(Norse mythology, heiti) Brimir, name of Ymir


Bláinn

Probably related to blár (“blue, dark”).

(Norse mythology, heiti) Bláinn, name of Ymir


Mótsognir

Mótsognis (genitive)
Mótsognir (indefinite nominative)
Mótsogni (accusative indefinite)
Mótsogni (dative indefinite)
Mótsognis (genitive indefinite)
Móðsognir (alternative)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Mótsognir

Of obscure origin. Some sources propose the meaning “battle-roarer”, while others suggest derivation from móðr (“tired, weary”).

(Norse mythology) Mótsognir, father of the dwarves


Durinn

Etymology and meaning obscure, though probably related to some of other dwarves' names. A possible etymology derives the name from dúrr (“slumber, nap”).

(Norse mythology) Durin, name of a dwarf


Norðri

Related to norðr (“north”), thus meaning “One in the North”.


Suðri

Related to suðr (“south”), thus meaning “One in the South”.


Austri

Austra (genitive)
Austri (indefinite nominative)
Austra (accusative indefinite)
Austra (dative indefinite)
Austra (genitive indefinite)

Austri

From Proto-Germanic *Austrô. Related to austr (“east”), thus meaning "One in the East".


Vestri

Related to vestr (“west”), thus meaning “One in the West”.


Nýi

Probably related to ný (“new moon”), thus meaning “New Moon”.


Niði

Probably related to nið (“waning moon”), thus meaning “Waning Moon”.


Alþjófr

From al- (“all, very, totally”) + þjófr (“thief”), thus meaning "All-thief" or "Mighty Thief".


Dvalinn

Icelandic: Dvalinn

Faroese: Dvalin

Norwegian Nynorsk: Dvalen, Dvalin

Swedish: Dvalen, Dvalin

Danish: Dvalin

Probably from dvala (“to delay”), thus giving the meaning "Delayer".

(Norse mythology) One of four stags that live around Yggdrasil and feed on the tree's branches


Nár

From nár (“corpse, body”), from Proto-Germanic *nawaz (“corpse”), thus meaning “The Corpse”.


Náinn

Probably related to either Old Norse ná (“near”) or nár (“corpse”), thus meaning either “Nigh One” or “Corpselike One”.


Dáinn

Dáins (genitive)
Dáinn (indefinite nominative)
Dáin (accusative indefinite)
Dáni (dative indefinite)
Dáins (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Dáinn

Icelandic: Dáinn

Faroese: Dáin

Norwegian Nynorsk: Dåen, Dåin

Swedish: Dåen

Danish: Dåin

Compare dáinn, from deyja (“to die”), thus meaning "Dead-like One".


Nípingr

Of obscure origin and meaning, although meanings “Handsome One” or “Nimble One” are proposed.


Bifurr

Perhaps from Old Frisian *bever (“beaver”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bebruz (“beaver”), thus meaning "The Beaver", "The Diligent One".


Bǫfurr

Of obscure etymology and meaning. A possible explanation is that this word is an imitation of Bifurr, another dwarf-name.


Bǫmburr

Possibly from bumba (“drum, barrel”), thus meaning "The Swollen One".


Nóri

Of obscure origin and meaning, although some sources (which?) point out the meaning “Shrunken One”.


Ánn

Possibly from earlier form *Ǫ́nn, ultimately derived from or related to Proto-Germanic *winiz (“friend”), thus meaning "Friend".


Ánarr

Possibly from annarr (“other, another”), thus meaning “The Other One”.


Óinn

Icelandic: Óinn

Faroese: Óin

Norwegian Nynorsk: Oen, Oin

Swedish: Oen, Oin

Danish: Oin

Possibly from óask (“to fear, dread”), thus meaning “The Shy One”.


Mjǫðvitnir

Mjǫðvitnis (genitive)
Mjǫðvitnir (indefinite nominative)
Mjǫðvitni (accusative indefinite)
Mjǫðvitni (dative indefinite)
Mjǫðvitnis (genitive indefinite)

Mjǫðvitnir

→ Icelandic: Mjöðvitnir

→ Faroese: Mjøðvitnir

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Mjødvitne

→ Swedish: Mjödvitner, Midvitner

→ Danish: Mjødvitner

From mjǫðr (“mead”) + vitnir (“wolf”), thus meaning “Mead-wolf”, “Toper”.


Veggr

Veggs (genitive)
Veggr (indefinite nominative)
Vegg (accusative indefinite)
Vegg (dative indefinite)
Veggs (genitive indefinite)

Veggr

Probably from veggr (“wall, wedge”), thus meaning “The Wedge”.


Vindalfr

From vindr (“wind”) + alfr (“elf”), thus meaning “Wind-elf”.


Þorinn

From þora (“to dare, have the courage”), thus meaning “Bold One”.


Þrár

From þrár (“stubborn, obstinate”), thus meaning “Stubborn One”.


Þráinn

Probably from þrár (“stubborn, obstinate”), thus meaning “Stubborn One”.


Þekkr

From þekkr (“agreeable, beloved”), thus meaning "Beloved One".


Litr

From litr (“colour”), especially "red colour of the face", thus meaning “Red-faced One”.


Vitr

From vitr (“wise”), thus meaning “Wise One”.


Nýr

From nýr (“new”), thus meaning “New One”.


Nýráðr

Related to nýráðliga (“oddly, queerly”), thus meaning “Ingenious One”.


Reginn

Icelandic: Reginn

Faroese: Regin

Norwegian Nynorsk: Regen, Regin

Swedish: Regen, Regin

Danish: Regin

Likely related to regin (“the gods, the powers”), thus meaning “Potent One”.


Ráðsviðr

From ráð (“advice, counsel”) + sviðr (“swift, wise”), thus meaning “Wise in Counsel”.


Fíli

Possibly from Old Saxon or Old High German fīla (“file”), thus meaning “The Filer”.


Kíli

Icelandic: Kíli

Faroese: Kili

Norwegian Nynorsk: Kile

Swedish: Kile

Danish: Kile

Possibly from kíll (“wedge”), related to Old High German kīla (“wedge”), thus meaning “The Wedge”.


Fundinn

From fundinn (“found”), past participle of finna (“to find”), thus meaning “Found One”.


Náli

Possibly from nál (“needle”), thus possibly meaning “The Needle”.


Víli

Uncertain and meaning, but possibly a misspelling for Fíli, meaning “The Needle”.


Hepti

From hepti (“handle”), thus possibly meaning “The Handle”.


Hanarr

Possibly from hannarr (“skilled”), thus meaning “Skilled One”.


Svíurr

Possibly related to svína (“to dwindle, subside”), thus meaning “Dwindled One”.


Brúni

Probably related to brúnn (“brown”), thus meaning “Brown One”.


Bíldr

Probably from bíldr (“edged weapon, bloodletting knife”), thus meaning "The Edged Weapon". Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bīþla- (“axe”), instrumental noun from *bītaną (“to bite”).
However, compare *bilją (“blade, axe”), which could have influenced its development.


Buri

Bura (genitive)
Buri (indefinite nominative)
Bura (accusative indefinite)
Bura (dative indefinite)
Bura (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Buri

From Proto-Germanic *burô (“bearer; one who carries or brings”), Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). Compare Borr (literally “the one brought forth”).


Frár

From frár (“swift”), thus meaning “Swift One”.


Hornbori

→ Icelandic: Hornbori

→ Faroese: Hornberi

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Hornbore

→ Swedish: Hornbore

→ Danish: Hornbore

From horn (“horn”) + bora (“to bore, drill”), thus meaning “Horn-borer”.


Frægr

From frægr (“famous”), thus meaning “Famous One”.


Lóni

Probably from Old Norse lón (“a still place in the flow”), thus meaning “Lazy One”, “Still One”.


Aurvangr

From aurr (“clay, mud”) + vangr (“wong, field”), thus meaning "Mud-wong".

compound

(Norse mythology, in the plural) place-name


Eikinskjaldi

Icelandic: Eikinskjaldi

Faroese: Eikinskjaldi

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: Eikenskjalde, Eikinskjalde, Eikenskjold

Swedish: Ekenskjalde, Eikinskjalde

Danish: Ekinskjalde, Eikinskjalde

From eikinn (“oaken”) + skjǫldr (“shield”), thus meaning “One with Oaken Shield”.


Lofarr

Presumably from lofa (“to praise”), thus meaning “Praiseworthy One”.


Jǫruvǫllr

Probably from jara (“fight, battle”) + vǫllr (“vale, field”), thus meaning "Battle-vale".


Draupnir

Draupnis (genitive)
Draupnir (indefinite nominative)
Draupni (accusative indefinite)
Draupni (dative indefinite)
Draupnis (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Draupnir

Norwegian Nynorsk: Draupne

Probably related to drjúpa (“to drip”), therefore meaning "Dripper" (of rings, thus a metaphor for goldsmith).


Dolgþrasir

From dolgr (“enemy, fiend”) + þrasir (“snorter, one in rage”), the second element deriving from þrasa (“to snort, rage”), thus meaning “Battle-eager”.


Hár

From hár (“high”), thus meaning "High One".


Haugspori

From haugr (“burial mound, cairn”) + spor (“track, footprint”), thus meaning “Howe-treader”.


Hlévangr

From hlé (“shelter, lee”) + vangr (“wong, plain, meadow”), thus meaning “Sheltered Plain”.


Glóinn

From glóa (“to glow”), thus meaning “Glowing One”.


Óri

Probably from óra (“to rave, wrangle”), thus meaning “Raving One”.


Dúfr

Possibly related to dúfa (“dove”), thus meaning “Dove-like One”.


Andvari

From andvari (“gentle breeze; watchfulness, vigilance”), thus possibly meaning "Wind-wary".


Skirfir

Possibly related to skirpa (“to spit”), thus meaning “The Spitter”.


Virfir

Possibly related to Old Frisian verver (“dyer”), thus meaning “The Dyer”, or created as a rhyme for Skirfir.


Skáfiðr

Skáfiðar (genitive)
Skáfiðr (indefinite nominative)
Skáfið (accusative indefinite)
Skáfiði (dative indefinite)
Skáfiðar (genitive indefinite)
Skáviðr (alternative)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Skáfiðr

From skár (“open, good”) + viðr (“tree wood, board”), thus possibly meaning “Good Tree”.


Ái

From ái (“great-grandfather”), thus meaning “Great-grandfather”.


Ginnarr

From ginna (“to dupe, deceive”), thus meaning "The Deceiver".


Frosti

Probably related to frost (“frost”), thus meaning “Cold One”.


Fjalarr

Possibly related to fjǫl (“plank, deal, board”), therefore meaning "The Paneller". Another possibility is the derivation from fela (“to hide, conceal”), thus meaning "The Spy".

(Norse mythology) name of a dwarf who created the Mead of Poetry out of the blood of Kvasir

(Norse mythology) A red rooster that is said to herald the onset of Ragnarök


Alfr

Icelandic: Álfur

Faroese: Álvur

Norwegian Nynorsk: Alv

From alfr (“elf”), thus meaning “The Elf”.


Vár

Várar (genitive)
Vár (indefinite nominative)
Vǫ́r (indefinite nominative)
Vár (accusative indefinite)
Vǫ́r (accusative indefinite)
Vár (dative indefinite)
Vǫ́r (dative indefinite)
Várar (genitive indefinite)
Vǫ́r (alternative)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Vár

Related to várar f pl (“vows, contracts”). Perhaps from the feminine form Proto-Germanic *wēraz, *wērijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros (“true”).

c. 1220, Snorri Sturluson, Gylfaginning of the Prose Edda, trans. by Anthony Faulkes; London: Everyman 1995 (→ISBN), chapter 35.
Níunda Vár, hon hlýðir á eiða manna ok einkamál, er veita sín á milli konur ok karlar. Því heita þau mál várar. Hon hefnir ok þeim, er brigða.

Var: she listens to people's oaths and private agreements that women and men make between each other. Thus these contracts are called varar. She also punishes those who break them.

A female deity of the Norse pantheon associated with the making of oaths, pledges or agreements.


Ymir

Ymir

Ymir (indefinite nominative)
Ymi (accusative indefinite)
Ymi (dative indefinite)
Ymis (genitive indefinite)

From Proto-Germanic *jumjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ym̥H-yo-, from *yemH-, having an original sense of “twin”. Related to Latin Remus (“founder of Rome, slain by his twin”) and Sanskrit यम (yamá, “twin; first man to die”).
Possibly derived from a word for “twin”, this name has been folk-etymologically connected to Old Norse ymja (“to groan, whine, wail, scream, make noise”) (cf. the homonym ymir (“hawk”, literally “groaner, screamer”)), as other names of jötnar are associated with sound-making.

m+

(Norse mythology) Ymir, the ancestor of the jǫtnar


Þórshǫfn

Icelandic: Þórshöfn f

Faroese: Tórshavn f

Norwegian Nynorsk: Torshamn f

Swedish: Torshamn c

Danish: Thorshavn c

From Þórr (“Thor”) + -s- + hǫfn (“harbour, port”).

affix

Tórshavn (the capital of the Faroe Islands)


Ullr

Ullar (genitive)
Ullr (indefinite nominative)
Ull (accusative indefinite)
Ulli (dative indefinite)
Ullar (genitive indefinite)
Ullr (indefinite nominative)
Ull (accusative indefinite)
Ulli (dative indefinite)
Ulls (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Ullr

Ullr

Icelandic: Ullur

Norwegian Nynorsk: Ull

Norwegian Bokmål: Ull

→ Latin: Ollerus

From Proto-Germanic *wulþuz (“glory”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥tus (“appearance”), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”). Cognate to Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌿𐍃 (wulþus, “glory”) and Latin vultus (“appearance, looks”).

Ullr heitir einn, sonr Sifjar, stúpsonr Þórs. Hann er bogmaðr svá góðr ok skíðfærr svá, at engi má við hann keppast. Hann er ok fagr álitum ok hefir hermanns atgervi. Á hann er ok gott at heita í einvígi.

Ullr one is called, the son of Sif, step-son of Þórr. He is an archer so good, and so fleet on skis, that no man may compete against him. He is also fair of countenance and has a warrior’s equipment. It is also good to call upon him in duels.


Mímir

Mímir

Mímir (indefinite nominative)
Mími (accusative indefinite)
Mími (dative indefinite)
Mímis (genitive indefinite)
Mímr (alternative)

Icelandic: Mímir

Faroese: Mimir

Norwegian Nynorsk: Mime

Swedish: Mimer

Danish: Mimer

Uncertain; possibly related to Middle Low German mīmeren, mīmern, Dutch mijmeren and Old English māmrian.


Yggdrasill

→ Icelandic: Yggdrasill

→ Faroese: Yggdrasil

desc

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Yggdrasil, Yggdrasel

→ Swedish: Yggdrasil

→ Danish: Yggdrasil

Yggr (“the terrifying one; Odin”) + drasill (“steed”), where “steed” is a poetic expression for gallows, referring to the story of Odin hanging himself on the tree for nine nights.

af

an unclear word, only occurring in the genitive in a fixed expression


Áshildr

Norwegian Bokmål: Åshild

Proto-Germanic *Ansuhildiz, equivalent to áss (“god”) + hildr (“battle”)


Fjǫrgyn

Proper noun from fjǫrgyn (“land, earth”). Compare Jǫrð (“Jord, Earth”) and jǫrð (“earth”).

Jǫrð (“Earth”), the mother of Thor in Norse mythology


Skuld

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Skuld

Skuld (indefinite nominative)
Skuld (accusative indefinite)
Skuld (dative indefinite)
Skuldar (genitive indefinite)

See skuld. The name literally means “debt”, or “obligation”; thus, what is bound to happen, the future.

Þaðan koma meyjar / margs vitandi
þrjár, ór þeim sal / er und þolli stendr;
Urð hétu eina, / aðra Verðandi,
skáru á skíði, / Skuld ina þriðju;
þær lög lögðu, / þær líf kuru
alda börnum, / örlög seggja.
Thence come maidens / much knowing
three from the hall / which under that tree stands;

Vǫluspá, verse 20, in 1867, S. Bugge, Norrœn fornkvæði: Sæmundar Edda hins fróða. Christiania, page 4

on a tablet they graved, / Skuld the third;
Laws they established, / life allotted
to the sons of men, / destinies pronounced.

Urd hight the one, / the second Verdandi,

(Norse mythology) one of the three Norns


Valhǫll

Valhallar (genitive)
Valhǫll (indefinite nominative)
Valhǫll (accusative indefinite)
Valhǫll (dative indefinite)
Valhǫllu (dative indefinite)
Valhallar (genitive indefinite)

Valhǫll

Icelandic: Valhöll

Faroese: Valhøll

Norwegian Nynorsk: Valhall

Old Swedish: *Valhal

Swedish: Valhall

Danish: Valhal

Norwegian Bokmål: Valhall

→ English: Valhalla, Walhalla

desc

→ German: Walhall, Valhall, Walhalla, Valhalla

From (uncountable, in the singular) valr (“the dead, slain in battle (i.e., dead warriors)”) + hǫll (“hall”).


Taðkr

From Middle Irish Tadg (compare modern Irish Tadhg).


Snorri

Snorra (genitive)
Snorri (indefinite nominative)
Snorra (accusative indefinite)
Snorra (dative indefinite)
Snorra (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Snorri

Icelandic: Snorri

Faroese: Snorri

→ Swedish: Snorre (learned)

Possibly related to snerra (“attack, onslaught”), as if from Proto-Germanic *Snurrô.


Ragnarr

Icelandic: Ragnar

Faroese: Ragnar

Norwegian: Ragnar

Old Swedish: Ragnar

Swedish: Ragnar

→ Estonian: Ragnar

Old Danish: Ragnar

Danish: Ragner, Regner, Regnar

From Proto-Germanic *Raginaharjaz. Equivalent to regin + herr.


Játvarðr

Faroese: Jatvarður

Icelandic: Játvarður

Borrowed from Old English Ēadweard, from Proto-Germanic *Audawarduz. Cognate to Old High German Otdward. Doublet of inherited Auðvarðr.


Gautstafr

Icelandic: Gautstafur

Norwegian: Gautstav

Old Swedish: Gø̄tstaf

Swedish: Göstav, Gösta, Gustav, Gustaf

→ Norwegian: Gustav


Bura

accusative/dative/genitive singular of Buri


Kinaðr

Possibly from Old Irish Cináed or from its source, Pictish *ᚉᚔᚅᚔᚑᚇ (Ciniod), in which case it is a cognate to English Kenneth.


Kalman

Kalman (indefinite nominative singular)
Kalman (accusative indefinite singular)
Kalmani (dative indefinite singular)
Kalmans (genitive indefinite singular)

Icelandic: Kalman

Borrowed from Middle Irish Colmán, diminutive of Old Irish columb (“dove”), from Latin columba (“dove”).


ᚦᚢᚱ

late 10th, early 11th century: Velanda Runestone
× ᚦᚢᚱᚢᛁ : ᚱᛁᛋᚦᛁ : ᛋᛏᛁᚾ : ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ : ᚢᚴᛘᚢᛏ : ᛒᚢᛏᛅ : ᛋᛁᚾ : ᛘᛁᚢᚴ : ᚴᚢᚦᛅᚾ : ᚦᛁᚴᚾ × ᚦᚢᚱ : ᚢᛁᚴᛁ ×
× þurui : risþi : stin : iftiʀ : ukmut : buta : sin : miuk : kuþan : þikn × þur : uiki ×
Þyrvi raised the stone in memory of Ǫgmundr, her husbandman, a very good Þegn. May Thor hallow.

(Norse mythology) Runic spelling of Þórr (“Thor (god of thunder)”).


ᚴᚢᚦ

ᚴᚢᚦ᛫ᚼᛁᛂᛚᛒᛁ᛫ᛋᛅᛚ᛫ᚼᛂᚾᛅᛦ᛫ᚢᛂᛚ᛫ᚾᚢ
kuþ᛫hielbi᛫sal᛫henaʀ᛫uel᛫nu

ᛋᚴᛅᚾᛘᛅᛚᛋ ᛅᚢᚴ × ᚬᛚᛅᚢᚠ × ᚦᛅᚢ × ᛚᛁᛏᚢ × ᚴᛁᛅᚱᛅ × ᛘᛂᚱᚴᛁ × ᚦᛅᚢᛋᛁ × ᛂᚠᛏᛁᛦ × ᛋᚢᛅᛁᚾ × ᚠᛅᚦᚢᚱ × ᛋᛁᚾ × ᚴᚢᚦ × ᚼᛁᛅᛚᛒᛁ ᛋᛅᛚᚢ ᚼᛅᚾᛋ
skanmals auk × olauf × þau × litu × kiara × merki × þausi × eftiʀ × suain × faþur × sin × kuþ × hialbi salu hans

11th c., inscription on the Skåäng Runestone

Skammhals and Ólôf, they had these landmarks made in memory of Sveinn, their father. May God help his soul.


Mjǫllnir

Mjǫllnis (genitive)
Mjǫllnir (indefinite nominative singular)
Mjǫllnirinn (definite nominative singular)
Mjǫllni (accusative indefinite singular)
Mjǫllniinn (accusative definite singular)
Mjǫllni (dative indefinite singular)
Mjǫllniinum (dative definite singular)
Mjǫllnis (genitive indefinite singular)
Mjǫllnisins (definite genitive singular)

non-decl-blank-sing

Mjǫllnir

West Scandinavian:

Icelandic: Mjöllnir, Mjölnir

Faroese: Mjølnir

Norwegian Nynorsk: Mjølne

East Scandinavian:

Swedish: Mjölner

→ Finnish: Mjölner

Danish: Mjølner, Mjølne

Norwegian Bokmål: Mjølner, Mjølne

→ English: Mjollnir

→ German: Mjölnir

→ Japanese: ミョルニル (Myoruniru)

→ Korean: 묠니르 (Myollireu)

/ˈmj̃ɔ̃lːnɪ̃r/

Most likely from Proto-Norse *ᛗᛖᛚᛞᚢᚾᛃᚨᛉ (*meldunjaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *meldunjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-. Compare Old Norse myln (“fire”), Welsh mellt (“lightning”), Russian мо́лния (mólnija, “lightning”), Latvian milna (“hammer of Pērkons”).
Alternatively, relation to mjǫll (“fresh snow”) has been proposed.


Jaðarr

Jaðars (genitive)
Jaðarr (indefinite nominative)
Jaðar (accusative indefinite)
Jaðri (dative indefinite)
Jaðars (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Jaðarr

Icelandic: Jaðar

Norwegian: Jæren; Jar

From jaðarr, from Proto-Germanic *edaraz (“enclosure”).

Haralds saga hins hárfagra 19: Orrosta í Hafrsfirði
Mœttist þá herinn allr fyrir norðan Jaðar, ok leggja þá inn til Hafrsfjarðar.

Jæren (a traditional district of Norway)


Miklagarðr

Icelandic: Mikligarður

Faroese: Miklagarður

Norwegian: Myklagard, Miklagard

Old Swedish: *Miklagarþ, *Miklagarth

Swedish: Myklagård, Miklagård

desc

Danish: Meglegård, Miklegård, Miklagård, Mycklegaard

English: Micklegarth

German: Michelgart

Made up from mikill (“big, great”) + garðr (“city, enclosure”), literally “the large city”.

af

Haraldur dvaldist í Garðaríki nokkura vetur og fór víða um Austurveg. Síðan byrjaði hann ferð sína út í Grikkland og hafði mikla sveit manna. Þá hélt hann til Miklagarðs.

(Can we date this quote?), chapter 2, in Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar:

Harald stayed in Garðaríki for some years and fared far and wide around the Austurveg. Afterwards he began his journey out to Byzantium and had a large group of men. Then he held to Constantinople.

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

Byzantium, Constantinople (the ancient capital of the Byzantine Empire, in modern Turkey; modern Istanbul)


Hróðný

Icelandic: Hróðný

Swedish: Rodny

From Hróð- + -ný, a base meaning "fame," from Proto-Germanic *hrōþiz (“fame, glory”).


Kjaran

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Kjaran

Kjaran (indefinite nominative)
Kjaran (accusative indefinite)
Kjarani (dative indefinite)
Kjarans (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Kjaran

From Old Irish Cíarán, diminutive of cíar (“black”).


Eðna

cases Eðnu (oblique)
Eðna (indefinite nominative singular)
Eðnu (accusative indefinite singular)
Eðnu (dative indefinite singular)
Eðnu (genitive indefinite singular)

Icelandic: Eðna


Dufgus

Dufgus (indefinite nominative singular)
Dufgus (accusative indefinite singular)
Dufgusi (dative indefinite singular)
Dufgusar (genitive indefinite singular)

Icelandic: Dufgus

From Old Irish Dubgus, from dub (“black”) + gus (“vigour”). Compare Old Irish Fergus and Oíngus (“Angus”).


Bekan

Bekan (indefinite nominative singular)
Bekan (accusative indefinite singular)
Bekan (dative indefinite singular)
Bekans (genitive indefinite singular)

Icelandic: Bekan

From Old Irish Beccán, diminutive of becc (“small”).


Bjólan

Bjólan (indefinite nominative singular)
Bjólan (accusative indefinite singular)
Bjólan (dative indefinite singular)
Bjólans (genitive indefinite singular)

Icelandic: Bjólan


Skírnir

head

Skírnir m (genitive Skírnis, dative and accusative Skírni)

Skírnis (genitive)
Skírni (accusative dative)
Skírnir (indefinite nominative)
Skírni (accusative indefinite)
Skírni (dative indefinite)
Skírnis (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Skírnir

Icelandic: Skírnir

Norwegian Nynorsk: Skirne

Swedish: Skirner

Danish: Skirner

Norwegian Bokmål: Skirner

Probably derived from skírr (“clear, pure”), from Proto-Germanic *skīriz (“bright”). Possibly related to skírn.

(Norse mythology) Skírnir, messenger of Freyr


Skaði

Skaði

Skaði

Skaði (indefinite nominative)
Skaða (accusative indefinite)
Skaða (dative indefinite)
Skaða (genitive indefinite)
Skaði (indefinite nominative)
Skaði (accusative indefinite)
Skaði (dative indefinite)
Skaði (genitive indefinite)

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz (“shadow”), or from a lost name of a geographical place. It could also related to skaði (“harm”). Possibly the first element in Scandinavia and Scedeland.

(Norse mythology) Skadi (goddess associated with skiing, bowhunting, winter and mountains)


Hróbjartr

Icelandic: Hróbjartur

Faroese: Róðbjartur

From Proto-Germanic *Hrōþiberhtaz (“shining glory”).

inh

a male given name, equivalent to English Robert


Alfǫðr

→ English: All-Father (calque)


Stafangr

Stafangrs (genitive)
Stafangr (indefinite nominative)
Stafangr (accusative indefinite)
Stafangri (dative indefinite)
Stafangrs (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Stafangr

Icelandic: Stafangur

Faroese: Stavangur

Norwegian: Stavanger, Stavang

Swedish: Stafånger


Skáney

Icelandic: Skáney, Skáni, Skánn

Faroese: Skánoy

Norwegian Nynorsk: Skånøy

Swedish: Skåne

Danish: Skåne

Norwegian Bokmål: Skåne

→ Faroese: Skáni

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Skåne

→ Old English: Sconeġ

→ Latin: Scania

→ English: Scania

→ Old High German: Sconaowe

German: Schonen

Sigvatr Þórðarson, Knútsdrápa, verse 6 (prosaic word order)
Snarir dróttnar gôtut spanit Danmǫrk und sik sǫkum herfarar. Þá lét hlǫðr Dana Skáney herjaða skarpla.
The bold lords could not get Denmark lured under them because of warfare. Then the feller of the Danes had Scania ravaged fiercely.

Runestone Sm 52
ᚱᚼᚢᛚᚠ : ᛅᚢᚴ : ᚭᛋᚴᛁᚼᛚ : ᚱᛁᚦᚢ : ᛋᛏᛁᚾ : ᚦᚭ[ᚾᛋᛁ] : ᚽᛏᛁᛦ : ᛚᛁᚠᛋᛏᛁᚾ : ᚠᚢᚦᚢᚱ : ᛋᛁᚾ : ᚽᛋ : ᚢᛅᚱᚦ : ᛏᚢᚦᚱ :: ᚭ : ᛋᚴᚭᚾᚢ : (ᚾ) : ᚴᛅᚱᚦ:ᛋᛏᚭᚴᚢᛘ : ᛅᚢᚴ : ᚠᚢᚱᚦᚢ : ᚭ :: ᚠᛁᚾᚼᛁᚦᛁ [:]
rhulf : auk : oskihl : riþu : stin : þo[nsi] : etiʀ : lifstin : fuþur : sin : es : uarþ : tuþr :: o : skonu : (n) : karþ:stokum : auk : furþu : o :: finhiþi [:]
Hrolfʀ ok Askell ræistu stæin þannsi æftiʀ Lifstæin, faður sinn, es varð dauðr a Skanøy i Garðstangum, ok førðu a Finnhæiði.
Hrólfr and Áskell raised this stone in memory of Lífsteinn, their father, who died in Scania in Gårdstånga and (they) brought (him) to Finnveden.

Scandinavian Peninsula
Scandinavian Peninsula

Scania (a former province, historical region, and peninsula in Northern Europe in modern Sweden, occupying the southern tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula; belonging to Denmark in Old Norse times)


Jǫrmungandr

Jǫrmungandr

Jǫrmungandr (indefinite nominative)
Jǫrmungand (accusative indefinite)
Jǫrmungandi (dative indefinite)
Jǫrmungands (genitive indefinite)

→ English: Jörmungandr

From jǫrmun- (“immense; great”) + gandr (“witch's familiar, foul spirit”), from Proto-Germanic *gandaz.

af

(Norse mythology) the World Serpent or Midgard Serpent, an offspring of Loki, which is thrown into the ocean by Odin but grows to encircle the world, and is finally slain during Ragnarok by Thor, who then succumbs to its poisonous breath


Jórsalir

Jórsala (genitive)
Jórsalir (indefinite nominative)
Jórsali (accusative indefinite)
Jórsǫlum (dative indefinite)
Jórsala (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-plur-indef

Jórsalir

Faroese: Jorsalir

>? Old Swedish: Iōrsala

Swedish: Jorsala

Norwegian Bokmål: Jorsal

Jerusalem (a city in Levant; the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of modern Israel; the claimed capital city of modern Palestine)


Dufþakr

non-decl-blank-sing

Dufþakr

Dufþakr (indefinite nominative singular)
Dufþakrinn (definite nominative singular)
Dufþak (accusative indefinite singular)
Dufþakinn (accusative definite singular)
Dufþaki (dative indefinite singular)
Dufþakinum (dative definite singular)
Dufþaks (genitive indefinite singular)
Dufþaksins (definite genitive singular)

Icelandic: Dufþakur


Bifrǫst

Icelandic: Bifröst

Norwegian Nynorsk: Bivrost

From bifa (“shake, tremble”) + rǫst (< Proto-Germanic *rastō). The alternative form Bilrǫst is from bil (“moment”).

Bifröst (alternative)
Bilrǫst (alternative)
Bilröst (alternative)

(Norse mythology) Bifrost, the rainbow bridge connecting Asgard with Midgard


ᛋᚴᛅᚾᛘᛅᛚᛋ

10th c., inscription on the Skåäng Runestone

Skammhals and Ólǫf, they had these landmarks made in memory of Sveinn, their father. May God help his soul.


ᚬᛚᛅᚢᚠ

head

ᚬᛚᛅᚢᚠ (Ąlauf)

Icelandic: Ólöf

c. 10th century, inscription B on the Skåäng Runestone


ᛋᚢᛅᛁᚾ

Younger Futhark spelling of Sveinn: a male given name, equivalent to English Sven


Hafrsfjǫrðr

Hafrsfjarðar (genitive)
Hafrsfjǫrðr (indefinite nominative)
Hafrsfjǫrð (accusative indefinite)
Hafrsfirði (dative indefinite)
Hafrsfjarðar (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Hafrsfjǫrðr

Icelandic: Hafursfjörður

Faroese: Havursfjørður

desc

Norwegian: > Haffjord (inherited), Havrsfjord, Haversfjord, Hafrsfjord


Eyfastr

Norwegian: Øyfast


Þórfreðr

Icelandic: Þórður

Faroese: Hórður, Tórður, Torfríður, Tórfríður

Swedish: Thord, Tord

Norwegian: Tord

Þórðr (alternative)
*Þorfrøðr (alternative)
Þorröðr (alternative)
Þorrøðr (alternative)


Ríkviðr

Old Swedish: Rīkvidh

From ríkr (“mighty, distinguished, rich”) + viðr (“forest, wood, tree.”).


ᚱᛁᚴᚢᛁᚦᚱ

Old Swedish: Rikvidh

(Old East Norse) Runic spelling of Ríkviðr.


ᚢᛁᚦᛒᛁᛅᚱᚾ

Old Swedish: Vidhbiorn

→ Swedish: Vidbjörn, Vidbjärn (hist.; reintr. for Vidbjörn)


Viðbjǫrn

head

Viðbjǫrn m (genitive Viðbjarnar, dative Viðbirni)

Runic Old East Norse ᚢᛁᚦᛒᛁᛅᚱᚾ (uiþbiarn)

Old Swedish: Vidhbiorn

Norwegian: Vidbjørn

→ Swedish: Vidbjörn, Vibjörn, Vidbjärn (hist.; reintr. for Vidbjörn)

From viðr (“forest, wood, tree”) + bjǫrn (“bear.”).


Ingjaldr

Old Swedish: Ingiæld

Old Danish: Ingiald

Faroese: Ingjaldur

Icelandic: Ingjaldur

Either as a contraction of Ingivaldr or from Proto-Germanic *Ingeldaz. Compare English Ingold. Cognate to Old English Ingeld.


Freyviðr

Icelandic: Freyviður


Bárðr

Icelandic: Bárður

Faroese: Bárður

Norwegian: Bård


Gjaflaugr

Runic Old East Norse: ᚴᚽᚠᛚᚢᚴ (khfluk)

Old Swedish: Giflø̄gh

Masculine form of Gjaflaug, from gjǫf (“gift”) + laug (“consecrated, promised.”)


Grimhildr

head

Grimhildr f (genitive Grimhildar, dative and accusative Grimhildi)

Grimhildar (genitive)
Grimhildi (accusative dative)

Faroese: Grimhild

→ Italian: Crimilde


Auðhumbla

Generally accepted to derive from auðr (“riches”) + *humala (“hornless”).
The compound presents some level of semantic ambiguity. A parallel occurs in Scottish English humble-cow (“hornless cow”), and Northern Europeans have bred hornless cows since prehistoric times. As highlighted above, auð- may mean "rich"; and in turn, "rich hornless cow" remains generally accepted among scholars as a gloss of the Old Icelandic animal name. However, auðr can also mean "fate" and "desolate; desert", and so Auðhum(b)la may also have been understood as the "destroyer of the desert". This semantic ambiguity may have been intentional.

Auðhumla (alternative)
Auðumbla (alternative)
Auðumla (alternative)


Logi

(Norse mythology) also known as Hálogi he is the jötunn (giant) of fire; he is the personification of fire in Norse mythology


Hǫrðr

Icelandic: Hörður


Eysteinn

Icelandic: Eysteinn

Norwegian: Øystein

Old Swedish: Ø̄sten

Swedish: Östen

→ Danish: Øystein

From Old Norse ey (“luck”) and Old Norse steinn (“stone”).


Ásgeirr

Faroese: Ásgeir

Icelandic: Ásgeir

Norwegian Nynorsk: Åsgeir, Asgeir

Swedish: Asger

Danish: Asger


Kvasir

Icelandic: Kvasir

Faroese: Kvasir

Norwegian Nynorsk: Kvase

Swedish: Kvase

Danish: Kvaser, Kvase, Kvasir

Norwegian Bokmål: Kvasir

(Norse mythology) Kvasir, one of the Norse gods


Mǫn

Manar (genitive)
Mǫn (indefinite nominative)
Mǫn (accusative indefinite)
Mǫn (dative indefinite)
Mǫnu (dative indefinite)
Manar (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Mǫn

Faroese: Mon

Icelandic: Mön

(Isle of Man): Altered from Old Irish Mana.


Mallar

head

Mallar pl (genitive Malla, dative Mǫllum)

The nominative form was (trivially) reconstructed by Oluf Rygh, who suggests it likely is related to terms such as malmr (“ore; sandy, gravelly flats”), mold (“soil”) and mǫl (“a gravelly bank”), in reference to the morainic terrain and soil. All of these terms derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”).

a farm north of Hafrsfjord, modern day Rogaland, Norway


Ingimarr

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Ingimarr

Ingimarr (indefinite nominative)
Ingimar (accusative indefinite)
Ingimari (dative indefinite)
Ingimars (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Ingmar, Ingimar

Faroese: Ingimar, Ingmar

desc

Norwegian: Ingemar, Ingmar, Ingemor, Ingemår

desctree

Swedish: Ingemar, Ingmar
→ Estonian: Ingemar, Ingomar

→ Latin: Ingimarus, Ingemarus

From Proto-Germanic *Ingumēraz, from *Inguz (“god of fertility”) + *mēraz (“fame”).


Herjann

Icelandic: Herjann

Norwegian Nynorsk: Herjan

From Proto-Germanic *harjanaz, from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“army”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“war”). Compare þjóðann (“prince, ruler”), from þjóð (“people”).


Hanga

indefinite accusative/dative/genitive singular of Hangi


Urðr

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Urðr

Urðr (indefinite nominative)
Urð (accusative indefinite)
Urð (dative indefinite)
Urðar (genitive indefinite)

See urðr. The name originally means "fate" or "destiny", which can be seen in the cognate Old English wyrd.

Þaðan koma meyjar / margs vitandi
þrjár, ór þeim sal / er und þolli stendr;
Urð hétu eina, / aðra Verðandi,
skáru á skíði, / Skuld ina þriðju;
þær lög lögðu, / þær líf kuru
alda börnum, / örlög seggja.
Thence come maidens / much knowing
three from the hall / which under that tree stands;


Verðandi

From verðandi, present participle of verða (“to become, to happen”). Thus literally becoming, happening.


Vǫlundr

Vǫlundar (genitive)
Vǫlundr (indefinite nominative)
Vǫlund (accusative indefinite)
Vǫlundi (dative indefinite)
Vǫlundar (genitive indefinite)

Vǫlundr

From Proto-Germanic *Wēlanduz, *Wēlandaz, from *Wilą-ndz (literally “crafting one”). Cognate with Old English Weland, Welund, Old High German Wiolant, Old Frisian ᚹᛖᛚᚩᛞᚢ (weladu /Welandu/) and others.

(Norse mythology) Wayland, a smith of Germanic legend


Hlǫkk

Hlǫkk

Hlǫkk (indefinite nominative)
Hlǫkk (accusative indefinite)
Hlǫkk (dative indefinite)
Hlakkar (genitive indefinite)

From hlǫkk (“clash, din, battle”), related to hlakka (“to make noise, cry, scream”).

where Hlǫkk’s ice [SWORD] and skulls met.

1066, Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 14, in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 55-6., retrieved at the Skaldic Database Hôtt bað mik, þars mœttusk, menskorð bera forðum, Hlakkar íss ok hausar, hjalmstall í gný malma. The necklace-pole [WOMAN] told me earlier to hold the helmet-support [HEAD] high in the clamour of swords [BATTLE]


Kristr

Kristr

Kristr (indefinite nominative)
Krist (accusative indefinite)
Kristi (dative indefinite)
Krists (genitive indefinite)

From Latin Christus (likely via Old English Crist), from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós).


Aldafǫðr

(poetic, heiti) Odin, literally “leader of men”


Harfaðafjǫll

The first element is cognate to Latin Carpates and displays the effects of Grimm's law, making this the sole attestation in any Germanic language of the inherited Germanic name of this mountain range. Tentatively, the Proto-Germanic reflex of the Carpathian ethnonym may thus have been *harbaþaz. The second element, fjǫll, is simply the plural of fjall (“mountain”).

Carpathian Mountains
Carpathian Mountains

(hapax legomenon) the Carpathian Mountains


Hǫgni

Hǫgna (genitive)
Hǫgni (indefinite nominative)
Hǫgna (accusative indefinite)
Hǫgna (dative indefinite)
Hǫgna (genitive indefinite)

Hǫgni

Cognate with Old English Hagena, Old High German Haguno ((German Hagen), related either to hagi (“enclosure, pasture”), or to hagr (“skilled, capable”).

mær Hǫgna

(Norse mythology) Hǫgni, brother of king Gunnarr of Burgundy


Mǿrr

Mǿrr

Mǿrr (indefinite nominative)
Mǿri (accusative indefinite)
Mǿri (dative indefinite)
Mǿrar (genitive indefinite)
Mǿri (alternative)

Icelandic: Mæri

Faroese: Møri

Norwegian: Møre

⇒ Old Norse: Sunnmǿrr

Icelandic: Sunnmæri

Faroese: Sunnmøri

Norwegian: Sunnmøre, Sunnmør

Danish: Søndmør

⇒ Old Norse: Norðmǿrr

Norwegian: Nordmøre, Nordmør

From mǿrr (“marshland”), from Proto-Germanic *mōrī-.


Mǿri

Likely from dative of Mǿrr, from mǿrr (“marshland”), from Proto-Germanic *mōrī.


Hangi

Hangi

Hangi (indefinite nominative)
Hanga (accusative indefinite)
Hanga (dative indefinite)
Hanga (genitive indefinite)

Related to hanga (“to hang”), referring to the story of Odin hanging himself for nine nights on the tree Yggdrasill.


Yggr

Related to uggr (“fear”), literally "the terrifying one".


Dómaldi

Dómaldi

Dómaldi (indefinite nominative)
Dómalda (accusative indefinite)
Dómalda (dative indefinite)
Dómalda (genitive indefinite)
Dómaldr (alternative)

Icelandic: Dómaldur (from Dómaldr)

Swedish: Domalde

→ Latin: Domald

Probably derived from dómr (“doom, sentence, judgement”) + valdi (“wielder, ruler”), thus “wielder of judgements”. First element related to dǿma (“to sentence, to judge”).

com

Domalde, a legendary Swedish king of the Yngling dynasty


Vísburr

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Vísburr

Vísburr (indefinite nominative)
Vísbur (accusative indefinite)
Vísbur (dative indefinite)
Vísburs (genitive indefinite)
Visburr (alternative)

→ Swedish: Visbur

→ English: Visbur, Wisbur

From víss (“certain, wise”) + burr (“son, child”).

compound

Visbur, a legendary Swedish king of the Yngling dynasty


Vanlandi

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Vanlandi

Vanlandi (indefinite nominative)
Vanlanda (accusative indefinite)
Vanlanda (dative indefinite)
Vanlanda (genitive indefinite)

→ Swedish: Vanlande

A compound, not entirely clear. Second part land (“land”) + -i.

Vanlandi, a legendary Swedish king of the Yngling dynasty


Þrívaldi

Þrívaldi

Þrívaldi (indefinite nominative)
Þrívalda (accusative indefinite)
Þrívalda (dative indefinite)
Þrívalda (genitive indefinite)

From þrír (“three”) + valdr (“powerful, mighty”), thus meaning “thrice mighty”, possibly referring to him having three heads (but note that in poetry he is attested as having nine).

compound

(Norse mythology) Þrívaldi, a jötunn (giant) in Norse mythology


Vǫluspá

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Vǫluspá

Vǫluspá (indefinite nominative)
Vǫluspá (accusative indefinite)
Vǫluspá (dative indefinite)
Vǫluspár (genitive indefinite)

From vǫlva (“seeress, völva”) + spá (“prophecy”).

compound

the Prophecy of the Seeress (Völuspá); the first poem of the Poetic Edda


finnr

finns (genitive)
finnr (indefinite nominative singular)
finnrinn (definite nominative singular)
finnar (indefinite nominative plural)
finnarnir (definite nominative plural)
finn (accusative indefinite singular)
finninn (accusative definite singular)
finna (accusative indefinite plural)
finnana (accusative definite plural)
finni (dative indefinite singular)
finninum (dative definite singular)
finnum (dative indefinite plural)
finnunum (dative definite plural)
finns (genitive indefinite singular)
finnsins (definite genitive singular)
finna (genitive indefinite plural)
finnanna (definite genitive plural)
fiðr (alternative)

non-decl-blank-full

finnr

Icelandic: Finnur

Faroese: finnur

Norwegian: finn

→ Danish: fin

Norwegian Bokmål: finn

Old Swedish: finne, finnar

desctree

Swedish: finne
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: finne
→ German: Finne

Old Danish: fyndhæ

Danish: finne

Norwegian Bokmål: finne

an exonym by Swedes and Norwegians for Sámi people across Arctic Scandinavia

a byname informally honoring a male with powers of a vǫlva, alluding to the Sámi noaidi

(Norse mythology) a mythic name, used for elves and dwarves etc.


vanir

Plural of vanr. Related to Proto-Germanic *wanaz (“accustomed”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love”).

the principal deities, as a group, of the Norse pantheon that represent chaos, fertility, and cultivation; opponents of the Æsir

members of the Swedish royal family whose ancestry is traditionally traced to one of the Vanir deities


Eileifr

Eileifs (genitive)
Eileifr (indefinite nominative)
Eileif (accusative indefinite)
Eileifi (dative indefinite)
Eileifs (genitive indefinite)
Æilæifʀ (alternative)
ᛅᛁᛚᛅᛁᚠᛦ (alternative)
ᛂᛚᛁᚠᚱ (alternative)
ᛁᛚᛂᚠᚱ (alternative)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Eileifr

Icelandic: Eileifur

Norwegian: Eileiv, Eilev

Old Swedish: Elef, Elof

Swedish: Elov, Elof

→ German: Elov

Old Danish: Elef

→ Danish: Elef

Likely from Proto-Norse *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*ainalaibaʀ) or *ᚨᛁᚹᚨᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*aiwalaibaʀ), whence also Eiláfr. From Proto Germanic Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”) or *aiwaz (“always, eternity”), and Proto-Germanic *laibō (“remnant”) with added masculine -aʀ (akin to -lífr m from líf n).


ᛅᛁᛚᛁᚠᛦ

From Proto-Norse *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛚᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*ainalibaʀ) or Proto-Norse *ᚨᛁᚹᚨᛚᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*aiwalibaʀ).


Þróndheimr

Þróndheims (genitive)
Þrándheimr (alternative)
Þróndeimr (alternative)

Icelandic: Þrándheimur

Faroese: Tróndheimur

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: Trondheim; (dialectal) Trandem, Trannem, Trandeim, Tråndeim

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Trondheim

→ Danish: Trondhjem

Norwegian Bokmål: Trondhjem

Swedish: Trondhem

→ English: Throndham

→ German: Drontheim

→ Latin: Trundum

Throndham, Trøndelag (a region of Norway, consisting of eight districts around the Trondheim Fjord)


Eiláfr

Eiláfs (genitive)
Eiláfr (indefinite nominative)
Eiláf (accusative indefinite)
Eiláfi (dative indefinite)
Eiláfs (genitive indefinite)
Æilafʀ (alternative)
ᛁᛚᛅᚠᚱ (alternative)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Eiláfr

Norwegian: Eilav

/ˈɛiːlɒːvr̩/

a male given name; alternative form of Eileifr


Gandalfr

Gandalfs (genitive)
Gandalfr (indefinite nominative)
Gandalf (accusative indefinite)
Gandalfi (dative indefinite)
Gandalfs (genitive indefinite)

Gandalfr

Icelandic: Gandálfur

Faroese: Gandálvur

Norwegian Nynorsk: Gandalv, Gandålv

→ English: Gandalf

From gandr (“witch's familiar”) + alfr (“elf”), thus meaning “an elf familiar”. Originally thought to mean “elf with a magic staff” due to misattribution with later Icelandic gandur (“a magic staff”).


Grímr

Icelandic: Grímur

Faroese: Grímur

Probably derived from Old Norse gríma (“a kind of face mask”), or from Proto-Germanic *Grīmaz.

a male given name, especially one of Óðinn's names


Tveggja

accusative/dative/genitive singular of Tveggi


Arnhǫfði

From ǫrn (“eagle”) + -hǫfði (“-headed one”)

(poetic, heiti) Odin, literally “the eagle-headed one”


Hjaltland

Hjaltlands (genitive)
Hjaltland (indefinite nominative)
Hjaltland (accusative indefinite)
Hjaltlandi (dative indefinite)
Hjaltlands (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Hjaltland

Icelandic: Hjaltland

Faroese: Hetland, Hjaltland

Norwegian Nynorsk: Hjaltland, Hjeltland

→ Middle Scots: Ȝetland

Scots: Shetland

→ English: Shetland

Scottish Gaelic: Sealtainn

→ Dutch: Hitland

Popularly claimed to be from hjalt (“hilt”) + land (“land”), but this may be folk etymology (see Shetland).

Shetland Islands
Shetland Islands#English

Shetland, Shetland Islands (an archipelago and former colony of Norway, located in modern Scotland; colonized by the Vikings in the 9th century C.E.)


Alvíss

Alvíss (genitive)
Alvíss (indefinite nominative)
Alvís (accusative indefinite)
Alvísi (dative indefinite)
Alvíss (genitive indefinite)

Alvíss

al- (“all, very, totally”) + víss (“wise”)


svartalfar

svartr (“black”) + alfar (“elves”) (note that svartr refers to black objects and black hair, but not black skin; for black skin, blár is used)


Mjǫðvitni

accusative/dative singular of Mjǫðvitnir


Svǫlnir

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Svǫlnir

Svǫlnir (indefinite nominative)
Svǫlni (accusative indefinite)
Svǫlni (dative indefinite)
Svǫlnis (genitive indefinite)

seðr gekk Svǫlnis ekkja / sundr
at once the wife of Svǫlnir [= Earth] split asunder.

c. 850, Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Haustlǫng, stanza 15


Askr

Icelandic: Askur

Faroese: Askur

Norwegian: Ask

Swedish: Ask

Danish: Ask

→ English: Ask

(Norse mythology) Ask, the first male human according to the Poetic Edda


Leiðulfr

Leiðulfs (genitive)
Leiðulfr (indefinite nominative)
Leiðulf (accusative indefinite)
Leiðulfi (dative indefinite)
Leiðulfs (genitive indefinite)
Leiðólfr (alternative)

Leiðulfr

Icelandic: Leiðólfur

Norwegian: Leidulv, Leidolv


Ingríðr

Faroese: Ingrið

Norwegian: Ingrid

Swedish: Ingrid

Danish: Ingred, Ingrid

→ English: Ingrid

→ Dutch: Ingrid

From *Ingifrídr, whence also Icelandic Ingifríður and Norwegian Ingfrid, from the god Ing/Yngvi + fríðr (“beautiful”).


Helsingjaland

non-proper noun

Helsingjaland n (genitive Helsingjaland)

Helsingjaland (genitive)
Helsingjaland (indefinite nominative)
Helsingjaland (accusative indefinite)
Helsingjalandi (dative indefinite)
Helsingjalands (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Helsingjaland

Old Swedish: Hælsingialand

Swedish: Hälsingland

helsingr (“Helsing, inhabitant of Helsingland”) + land (“land, country”)


Jamtaland

Jamtaland (genitive)
Jamtaland (indefinite nominative)
Jamtaland (accusative indefinite)
Jamtalandi (dative indefinite)
Jamtalands (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Jamtaland

Icelandic: Jamtaland

Norwegian Nynorsk: Jamteland, Jamtland

Jamtish: Jamtlann

Swedish: Jämtland

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Jemtland

→ Latin: Iemptia

jamti (“Jamt, inhabitant of Jämtland”) + land (“land, country”)


Þrǿndalǫg

non-decl-blank-plur

Þrǿndalǫg

Þrǿndalǫg (indefinite nominative plural)
Þrǿndalǫgin (definite nominative plural)
Þrǿndalǫg (accusative indefinite plural)
Þrǿndalǫgin (accusative definite plural)
Þrǿndalǫgum (dative indefinite plural)
Þrǿndalǫgunum (dative definite plural)
Þrǿndalaga (genitive indefinite plural)
Þrǿndalaganna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Þrændalög

Faroese: Trøndaløg, Tróndaløg

Norwegian: Trøndelag

Swedish: Tröndelag, Tröndelagen


Hǫðr

Haðar (genitive)
Hǫðr (indefinite nominative)
Hǫð (accusative indefinite)
Heði (dative indefinite)
Haðar (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Hǫðr

Icelandic: Höður

Faroese: Høður

Norwegian Nynorsk: Hod

Swedish: Höd, Höder, Hod

Danish: Hød

English: Höðr

From Proto-Germanic *Haþuz, probably from *haþuz (“battle, fight”), in which case a doublet of hǫð-, cognate with Old English heaþo-, Old High German hadu-.

(Norse mythology) Höðr (blind Norse god)


Kormákr

Kormákr

Kormákr (indefinite nominative)
Kormák (accusative indefinite)
Kormáki (dative indefinite)
Kormáks (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Kormákur


Njǫrðr

Njǫrðr

Njǫrðr (indefinite nominative)
Njǫrð (accusative indefinite)
Nirði (dative indefinite)
Njarðar (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Njörður

Faroese: Njørður

Norwegian Nynorsk: Njord; Njor (pronunciation spelling)

Swedish: Njärd, Njord

Danish: Njørd, Njord

→ English: Njorth, Njord

From Proto-Germanic *Nerþuz, of unknown origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“power, vitality, force”). More at Njörðr, Njörun, and Nerthus.

der

Þat allr herr · at undri gefsk,
hvé urþjóð · auði gnǿgir,
en Grjótbjǫrn · of gǿddan hefr
Freyr ok Njǫrðr · at féar afli.

c. 962, Egill Skallagrímsson, Arinbjarnarkviða, section 17:

All people are astonished at how he (= Arinbjǫrn) blesses mankind with wealth, but Freyr and Njord have endowed “Rock-bear” (= Arinbjǫrn) with plenty stock.

(Norse mythology) Njord, the father of Freyr and Freya

Nerthus#Name
Njörun#Theories
Njörðr#Name and eponyms


Gunnhildr

Gunnhildar (genitive)
Gunnhildr (indefinite nominative)
Gunnhildi (accusative indefinite)
Gunnhildi (dative indefinite)
Gunnhildar (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Gunnhildr

Icelandic: Gunnhildur

Norwegian: Gunnhild, Gunhild

Jamtish: Gunill

Swedish: Gunnel, Gunhild

Danish: Gunhild

→ Latin: Gunilla

→ Swedish: Gunilla

→ Danish: Gunilla

gunnr (“war, Gunnr”) + hildr (“battle, Hildr”)


Halldórr

From hallr (“stone”) + Þórr.
Also written as Old Norse Hallþórr
The philologist Eivind Vågslid claims the name comes from hǫll (“hall, house”), and þórr (“thunder”) that later got the meaning of "fishing place". This is explained by the thundering noise from water falls and how good fishing spots often are located below these. He therefore interpreted the name as “fishing-capable man in the hall or house”.


Bláland

desc

Norwegian Bokmål: Blåland (“Ethiopia, North-West Africa”)

Norwegian Nynorsk: Blåland


Hǿnir

Hǿnis (genitive)
Hǿnir (indefinite nominative)
Hǿni (accusative indefinite)
Hǿni (dative indefinite)
Hǿnis (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Hǿnir

Icelandic: Hænir

Faroese: Hønir

Norwegian: Høne

Swedish: Höne

Uncertain origin; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hauhnijaz (“high one”), or Proto-Germanic *huhnijaz (“white one”) (cf. Ancient Greek κύκνος (kúknos, “swan”)).

(Norse mythology) Hœnir, a god involved in the creation of humans, associated with storks and swans


Útgarða-Loki

→ Latin: Utgarthilocus, Ugarthilocus

→ German: Ugartilock

→ Old Danish: Vrgathiloch, Wgartilok (name of a demon or a pagan idol)


Kænugarðr

Icelandic: Kænugarður (Kyiv)

(city in Rus): Composed of kœna + garðr, which is an adaptation of Slavic *Kijan(ov)ŭ gor(o)dŭ / *Kyjevŭ gor(o)dŭ, literally “Kyi's castle”.
(city in Sweden): Composed of Kænir + garðr

Kiænugarðr (alternative)
Kœnugarðr (alternative)

Kænir

tribe in Sweden mentioned in Hversu Noregr byggðist and Gautreks saga

Þeir Þorvaldr Koðránsson ok Stefnir Þorgilsson fundust eftir hvarf Óláfs konungs. Þeir fóru báðir saman víða um heiminn ok allt út í Jórsalaheim ok þaðan til Miklagarðs ok svá til Kænugarðs it eystra eftir Nepr.

Þorvaldr Koðránsson and Stefnir Þorgilsson met after king Óláfr dissapeared. They traveled both together far and wide around the world all the way to Jerusalem and from there to Constantinople and to Kyiv in the east along the Dnieper.

the ancient capital of Rus, in modern Ukraine; modern Kyiv

an ancient city in modern Sweden mentioned in Gautreks saga


Berurjóðr

Composed of bera (“bear”) + rjóðr (“cleared space in forest”). Modern location is unclear. According to P. A. Munch, the place is now called Berglyd.

af

a place in Norway mentioned in Ǫrvar-Odds saga


Tripiðen

Probably of Slavic origin. Same root as in German Trebel.

Atripiden (alternative)
Tripipen (alternative)
Tribipen (alternative)
Tilbipen (alternative)

an ancient area in north-eastern part of modern Germany, Tribeden province at the Trebel River, north of Circipania


Reiðgotaland

Reiðgotalands (genitive)
Reiðgotaland (indefinite nominative)
Reiðgotaland (accusative indefinite)
Reiðgotalandi (dative indefinite)
Reiðgotalands (genitive indefinite)

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Reiðgotaland

Reidgotaland (an ancient or legendary country in modern Ukraine)


Myrkviðr

From myrkr (“dark, murky”) + viðr (“woods, forest”).


Danparstaðr

an ancient or legendary city in modern Ukraine


Nǫrvasund

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Nǫrvasund

Nǫrvasund (indefinite nominative)
Nǫrvasund (accusative indefinite)
Nǫrvasundi (dative indefinite)
Nǫrvasunds (genitive indefinite)

Faroese: Nørvasund


Eyvindr

Icelandic: Eyvindur

Faroese: Eivindur

Norwegian: Øyvind, Øivind, → Eivind

Old Swedish: Ø̄nder, Ø̄inder

Swedish: Övind

→ Swedish: Eyvind

→ Danish: Ejvind

Composed of ey (probably in the sense ‘luck, happiness’) and -vindr, of unknown origin, possibly “winner”.


Dumbshaf

Icelandic: Dumbshaf (Iceland Sea)

desc

Translingual: Danhof (bay in Finnmark mentioned in old maps)

a sea somewhere in the north, mentioned in some texts


Rǫgnvaldr

non-decl-blank-sing-indef

Rǫgnvaldr

Rǫgnvaldr (indefinite nominative)
Rǫgnvald (accusative indefinite)
Rǫgnvaldi (dative indefinite)
Rǫgnvalds (genitive indefinite)

Icelandic: Rögnvaldur

Faroese: Røgnvaldur

Norwegian: Ragnvald

desctree

Old Swedish: Ragnvalder
Swedish: Ragnvald

desc

→ Old East Slavic: Рогъволодъ (Rogŭvolodŭ)

→ English: Ronald

→ Italian: Ronaldo

→ Spanish: Ronaldo

→ Portuguese: Ronaldo

→ Old Irish: Ragnall

Irish: Raghnall

Scottish Gaelic: Raghnall

→ Scots: Ranald

→ English: Ranald