ávarðr

Icelandic: ávarður

Compound of á (“on”) + varðr (“protected”), second element past participle of verja (“to protect”).

com+

goðum ávarðr · með gumna fjǫlð

962, Egill Skallagrímsson, ”Arinbjarnarkviða”, verse 19

dear to the gods among the multitude of men

(religion) dear to, favoured, protected (by divine forces)


harðgǫrr

Icelandic: harðger, harðgjör

⇒ Icelandic: harðgerður

Compound of harðr (“hard”) + gǫrr (“made, ready”)

harðgerr (alternative)
harðgørr (alternative)


skeifr

non-adj

skeifr (comparative skeifari, superlative skeifastr)

skeifari (comparative)
skeifastr (superlative)

Icelandic: skeifur

Faroese: skeivur

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: skeiv; (dialectal) skeiv'u, skeiv'e

→ Norwegian Bokmål: skeiv

Old Swedish: skēver

Swedish: skev

Gutnish: skaiv

Old Danish: skev

Danish: skæv, skjæv, skjev

Norwegian Bokmål: skjev

From Proto-Germanic *skaibaz, from Proto-Indo-European *skoypós. Akin to English skew.


slǿgi

weak masculine nominative singular of slǿgr


ámr

Icelandic: ámur

From Proto-Germanic *ēmaz or similar; cognate with Old English ōm (“rust”), ōme (“rash”) and dialectal German Ahm, Ohm (“erysipelas; a type of liquor (kornbrand)”), and so equivalent to áma (“erysipelas”) + -r. See Proto-Germanic *ēmǭ. Further origin uncertain: possibly from the root of aska (“ash”) (see Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- (“to burn, dry”)) with a different suffix, but this is considered doubtful.


herfiligr

Icelandic: herfilegur

Perhaps related to Proto-West Germanic *haru. The suffix is -ligr.


dáligr

Icelandic: dálegur

Norwegian Nynorsk: dåleg

Old Danish: dålig

Danish: dårlig

→ Icelandic: dárlegur

Norwegian Bokmål: dårlig

Swedish: dålig

Uncertain. The suffix is -ligr. Possibly from dá (“unconsciousness”), itself of potential connection to Proto-Germanic *dawjaną (“to die”).


fallhaddr

Icelandic: fallhaddur

flowing-haired, having freely flowing/loose hair


fallhadds

strong masculine/neuter genitive singular of fallhaddr


feigir

strong masculine nominative plural of feigr


feigra

strong masculine/feminine/neuter genitive plural of feigr


veðreygr

veðr (“storm, weather”) + eygr (“eyed”).

Wayland, passing over a long way.

900s, Vǫlundarkviða Kom þar af veiði · veðreygr skyti, Vǫlundr, líðandi · of langan veg There came from the hunt the storm-eyed shooter


eineygja

inflection of eineygr:
strong feminine accusative singular

inflection of eineygr:
strong masculine accusative plural

weak feminine/neuter nominative singular

weak masculine/neuter accusative/dative/genitive singular


eineygr

Valr lá þar á sandi · vitinn inum eineygja
Friggjar faðmbyggvi; · fǫgnuðum dǫ́ð slíkri.

c. 900 Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Hrafnsmál, st. 12https://skaldic.ku.dk/q?p=skp/skalds/stanza/4322

The slain lay there on the sand, dedicated to the one-eyed
bosom-dweller [HUSBAND] of Frigg [= Odin]—we rejoiced in such deeds.


víðlendr

Icelandic: víðlendur

Inherited from Proto-Norse *ᚹᛁᛞᚨᛚᚨᛞᛁᛉ (*widaladiʀ), equivalent to víðr (“wide”) + lendr (“landed”).


rækr

Icelandic: rækur

From Proto-Germanic *wrēkiz, vṛddhi gerundive of Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to chase out, evict”).


hældræpr

Icelandic: hældræpur

hæll (“heel”) + dræpr (“meant for kicking; deserving to be kicked”), from Proto-Germanic *drēpiz, vṛddhi gerundive of *drepaną (“to hit, strike”).

vrd

hældræpir halir


efstu

inflection of efstr:
strong neuter dative singular

weak feminine accusative/dative/genitive singular

weak masculine/feminine/neuter nominative/accusative/genitive plural


ofmargr

ofmargr (masculine nominative singular)
ofmǫrg (feminine nominative singular)
ofmart (neuter nominative singular)
ofmargan (accusative masculine singular)
ofmarga (accusative feminine singular)
ofmart (accusative neuter singular)
ofmǫrgum (dative masculine singular)
ofmargri (dative feminine singular)
ofmǫrgu (dative neuter singular)
ofmargs (genitive masculine singular)
ofmargrar (feminine genitive singular)
ofmargs (genitive neuter singular)
ofmargir (masculine nominative plural)
ofmargar (feminine nominative plural)
ofmǫrg (neuter nominative plural)
ofmarga (accusative masculine plural)
ofmargar (accusative feminine plural)
ofmǫrg (accusative neuter plural)
ofmǫrgum (dative masculine plural)
ofmǫrgum (dative feminine plural)
ofmǫrgum (dative neuter plural)
ofmargra (genitive masculine plural)
ofmargra (feminine genitive plural)
ofmargra (genitive neuter plural)

of- (“too, excessively”) + margr (“many, a lot of”)

prefix

c. 1250, Óláfr ‘White Skald’ Þórðarson, Third Grammatical Treatise
Í aftekning samstǫfu verðr barbarismus, sem kvað Hárekr í Þjóttu: “Ráðit hefik at ríða // Rínleygs heðan mínu.” Hér er Rín fyrir Rínar, þvíat ofmargar verða ella samstǫfur í vísu-orði.
The removal of a syllable results in barbarism, as when Hárekr in Þjótta sung: “I have decided to ride my ... Rhine-flame (GOLD) ... from here.” Here Rín stands for Rínar, since there would otherwise be too many syllables in the line.


ofmargar

feminine nominative/accusative plural of ofmargr


lendr

Icelandic: lendur

Inherited from Proto-Norse *ᛚᚨᛞᛁᛉ (*ladiʀ), equivalent to land (“land”) + -r (“-ed; forms adjectives from nouns”).

affix

lendir menn


heiðit

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of heiðinn


framvíss

Icelandic: framvís

fram (“forth, forward”) + víss (“wise”). Compare the corresponding verb vita fram (“to predict, foresee”).


vrangan

strong masculine accusative singular of vrangr


vrangr

Norwegian: vrang; (dialectal) vrang’e, vrång’e

Elfdalian: rwaungg

Old Danish: wrangær

Danish: vrang

Norwegian Bokmål: vrang

Old Swedish: wranger

Swedish: vrång

Scanian: vránger

→ Old English: wrang (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Later Old West Norse: rangr
Icelandic: rangur
Faroese: rangur
Norn: rang
Norwegian: rang; (dialectal) rang’u, rång’e
Jamtish: ráng

From Proto-Germanic *wrangaz, akin to the Common Germanic verb *wringan.

c. 825, Bragi hinn gamli Boddason, poem about Thor’s fishing
Vildit vrǫngum ofra · vágs byrsendir ǿgi,
hinns mjótygil máva · mǿrar skar fyr Þóri.
The wave’s wind-sender (= Hymir) did not want to raise up the twisted terrifier (= the Midgard serpent),

when he cut the slender string of the seagull-land (fishing line) before Thor.


vreiðir

strong masculine nominative plural of vreiðr


skýrr

Icelandic: skýr

According to de Vries, an ablaut formation from skírr (“pure, innocent”). Another theory by Magnusson links the word to Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look”) and its relatives.


goðvarðr

Compound of goð (“a god, gods”) + varðr (“defended”), second element past participle of verja (“to defend”).

com+

[…] ok ræðr síðan / jarl goðvǫrðu hjarli.

c. 1010, Eyjólfr dáðaskáld, Bandadrápa klofstef.4-5

And thenceforth the Earl rules the god-defended land.

(Germanic paganism) protected by the gods


goðvǫrðu

inflection of goðvarðr:
strong neuter dative singular


grǫmum

inflection of gramr:
strong masculine dative singular

strong/weak masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural


niflgóðr

Icelandic: niflgóður

þvít niflgóðr · niðja steypir
bróður hrør · við baugum selr.

for the darkness-loving overthrower of kinsmen sells his brother’s corpse for rings.

(poetic, hapax legomenon) darkness-loving; evil


rjóðs

strong masculine/neuter genitive singular of rjóðr


torfyndr

tor- (“hard, difficult”) + fyndr (“found”)


fǿrr

Icelandic: fær (“able, passable”)

Faroese: førur (“competent”)

Old Swedish: fø̄r

Swedish: för (obsolete)

Old Danish: før

Danish: før (“stout”) (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *fōriz (“able to go, passable”). Cognate with Old English fēre (“able-bodied; seaworthy”).


torveldr

Icelandic: torveldur

tor- (“hard, difficult”) + -veldr (“manageable”).


auðveldr

Icelandic: auðveldur


beinan

strong masculine accusative singular of beinn


hárir

strong masculine nominative plural of hárr


hárar

strong feminine nominative/accusative plural of hárr


einhendr

Icelandic: einhendur, einhentur

Faroese: einhentur

Old Swedish: ēnhænder

Swedish: enhänt

Inherited from Proto-Norse *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᚺᚨᛞᛁᛉ (*ainahadiʀ), from Proto-Germanic *ainahandijaz. By surface analysis, einn (“one”) + hǫnd (“hand”) + -r (“-ed”).

surface analysis

Týr er einhendr ása


útlenzkr

Icelandic: útlenskur

Faroese: útlendskur

Swedish: utländsk

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *ūtlandiskaz. Cognate with Old English ūtlendisc (English outlandish), German ausländisch.

inh+

brigð eru útlenzk orð


haldorðr

halda (“to hold, keep”) + orð (“word”) + -r


haldorða

inflection of haldorðr:
strong feminine accusative singular

inflection of haldorðr:
strong masculine accusative plural

weak feminine/neuter nominative singular

weak masculine/neuter accusative/dative/genitive singular


haldorð

inflection of haldorðr:
strong feminine nominative singular

strong neuter nominative/accusative plural


grannr

desc

Icelandic: grannur (“thin, slim; accurate”)

Faroese: grannur (“thin, fine”)

Old Swedish:

Swedish: grann (“pretty, fine”)

Elfdalian: grann (“thin, delicate, pretty”)

From Proto-Germanic *grannaz (“sharp, thin”).


hollr

non-adj

hollr (comparative hollari, superlative hollastr)

hollari (comparative)
hollastr (superlative)

Icelandic: hollur

Faroese: hollur

Norwegian Nynorsk: holl

Old Swedish: hulder, holder

Swedish: hull (obsolete), huld

Danish: huld

Hirðskrá
Svá sé mér guð hollr sem ek satt segi, gramr ef ek lýgr

So may god be gracious toward me if I speak truly, furious if I lie