skrælingi

non-noun

skrælingi m (genitive skrælinga, plural skrælingar or skrælingjar)

skrælinga (genitive)
skrælingar (plural)
skrælingjar (plural)
skrælingi (indefinite nominative singular)
skrælinginn (definite nominative singular)
skrælingar (indefinite nominative plural)
skrælingjar (indefinite nominative plural)
skrælingarnir (definite nominative plural)
skrælingjarnir (definite nominative plural)
skrælinga (accusative indefinite singular)
skrælingann (accusative definite singular)
skrælinga (accusative indefinite plural)
skrælingja (accusative indefinite plural)
skrælingana (accusative definite plural)
skrælingjana (accusative definite plural)
skrælinga (dative indefinite singular)
skrælinganum (dative definite singular)
skrælingum (dative indefinite plural)
skrælingjum (dative indefinite plural)
skrælingunum (dative definite plural)
skrælingjunum (dative definite plural)
skrælinga (genitive indefinite singular)
skrælingans (definite genitive singular)
skrælinga (genitive indefinite plural)
skrælingja (genitive indefinite plural)
skrælinganna (definite genitive plural)
skrælingjanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

skrælingi

Icelandic: skrælingi (“barbarian”)

Faroese: skrælingur

Norwegian Nynorsk: skræling

Swedish: skräling

Danish: skrælling (“wimp, weakling”)

Norwegian Bokmål: skrelling

→ English: Skraeling

desc

→? Greenlandic: kalaaleq (“Greenlander”)

West Greenlandic Pidgin: kralit

/ˈskrɛːlɪ̃ŋɡɪ/

Uncertain. There are several suggested origins:
* Derived from an unattested adjective *skræll (“poor, puny”), compare Norwegian skral (“poor, ill, bad”), Dutch schraal (“poor, scanty”);
* Michael Fortescue et al. (1994) propose relation to skrá (“dried skin”), in reference to the animal pelts worn by the Inuit;
* May be linked to skrælna (“to be shrivelled, e.g. by the sun”);
* Onomatopoeic origin has been proposed by William Thalbitzer (1932), compare skrækja (“to screech, shriek”).

[manuscript spelling] Þat bar til ad gridungr liop or skoge er þeir karlsefni attu ok gellr hat. þat felast vid skrelingar ok laupa vt a keipana ok ʀeru sidan sudr fyri landit. verdr þa ekki uart uid þa þríar uikur i samt.
[standardized spelling] Þat bar til, at griðungr hljóp ór skógi, er þeir Karlsefni áttu, ok gellr hátt. Þetta fælast skrælingar ok hlaupa út á keipana ok reru síðan suðr fyrir landit. Verðr þá ekki vart við þá þrjár vikur í samt.
[tr. J. Sephton, 1880] Now it came to pass that a bull, which belonged to Karlsefni's people, rushed out of the wood and bellowed loudly at the same time. The Skrælingar, frightened thereat, rushed away to their canoes, and rowed south along the coast. There was then nothing seen of them for three weeks together.

Eiríks saga rauða (1265 or earlier), text from the 14th-century Hauksbók manuscript, ch. 12


saxar

non-decl-blank-plur

saxar

saxar (indefinite nominative plural)
saxarnir (definite nominative plural)
saxa (accusative indefinite plural)
saxana (accusative definite plural)
sǫxum (dative indefinite plural)
sǫxunum (dative definite plural)
saxa (genitive indefinite plural)
saxanna (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Nynorsk: saksar m

Norwegian Bokmål: sakser m

Derived from Proto-West Germanic *sahs (“knife, dagger”), and akin to English Saxon.


englar

non-decl-blank-plur

englar

englar (indefinite nominative plural)
englarnir (definite nominative plural)
engla (accusative indefinite plural)
englana (accusative definite plural)
englum (dative indefinite plural)
englunum (dative definite plural)
engla (genitive indefinite plural)
englanna (definite genitive plural)


frakkar

frakkar

frakkar (indefinite nominative plural)
frakkarnir (definite nominative plural)
frakka (accusative indefinite plural)
frakkana (accusative definite plural)
frǫkkum (dative indefinite plural)
frǫkkunum (dative definite plural)
frakka (genitive indefinite plural)
frakkanna (definite genitive plural)

desc

Icelandic: Frakkar m pl (“(the) French, Frenchmen”)

Norwegian Nynorsk: frankar m

Norwegian Bokmål: franker m

Old Swedish: franker m pl

Swedish: franker c

Danish: franker c

From Proto-Germanic *frankô m (“spear, javelin; Frank”), whence also Old Norse frakka f (“spear”).
The link between the name of a weapon and a Germanic people group is also seen with saxar m pl (“Saxons”) being derived from Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“knife, dagger”).


sygnir

non-decl-blank-plur

sygnir

sygnir (indefinite nominative plural)
sygnirnir (definite nominative plural)
sygni (accusative indefinite plural)
sygnina (accusative definite plural)
sygnum (dative indefinite plural)
sygnunum (dative definite plural)
sygna (genitive indefinite plural)
sygnanna (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Nynorsk: sygn m


egðir

egðir

egðir (indefinite nominative plural)
egðirnir (definite nominative plural)
egði (accusative indefinite plural)
egðina (accusative definite plural)
egðum (dative indefinite plural)
egðunum (dative definite plural)
egða (genitive indefinite plural)
egðanna (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Nynorsk: egd m, egde m

Norwegian Bokmål: egd m, egde m


danir

danir

danir (indefinite nominative plural)
danirnir (definite nominative plural)
dani (accusative indefinite plural)
danina (accusative definite plural)
dǫnum (dative indefinite plural)
dǫnunum (dative definite plural)
dana (genitive indefinite plural)
dananna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Dani

Faroese: dani

Norwegian Nynorsk: dane, dan

Old Swedish: dan, dæn

Swedish: dan (plural daner)

Danish: dan, dane

Norwegian Bokmål: dane

→ Middle English: Dane

English: Dane

→ Old Irish: danar

Irish: danar

→ Latin: Danī pl


háleygr

Norwegian Nynorsk: håløyg


írar

írar

írar (indefinite nominative plural)
írarnir (definite nominative plural)
íra (accusative indefinite plural)
írana (accusative definite plural)
írum (dative indefinite plural)
írunum (dative definite plural)
íra (genitive indefinite plural)
íranna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Íri

Faroese: íri

Norwegian Nynorsk: ire

Norwegian Bokmål: ire

→? Old English: Īras

Borrowed from Old Irish Ériu (“Ireland”), from Primitive Irish *Īweriū, from Proto-Celtic *Φīweryū (“Ireland”), from Proto-Indo-European *piHweryon-, from *piHwer- (“to swell”).


jótar

non-decl-blank-plur

jótar

jótar (indefinite nominative plural)
jótarnir (definite nominative plural)
jóta (accusative indefinite plural)
jótana (accusative definite plural)
jótum (dative indefinite plural)
jótunum (dative definite plural)
jóta (genitive indefinite plural)
jótanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: Jóti

Faroese: júti

Norwegian Nynorsk: jute

Old Danish: iutæ

Danish: jyde

Norwegian Bokmål: jyde

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: jyde

Old Swedish: iūte

Swedish: jute (pl. jutar)

[…]þás árgjǫrn / Jóta dolgi

9th c., Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Ynglingatal, verse 5

[…] Then, when the harvest-eager / kin of the Swedes
had to sacrifice / the enemy of the Jutes.


finnr

finns (genitive)
finnr (indefinite nominative singular)
finnrinn (definite nominative singular)
finnar (indefinite nominative plural)
finnarnir (definite nominative plural)
finn (accusative indefinite singular)
finninn (accusative definite singular)
finna (accusative indefinite plural)
finnana (accusative definite plural)
finni (dative indefinite singular)
finninum (dative definite singular)
finnum (dative indefinite plural)
finnunum (dative definite plural)
finns (genitive indefinite singular)
finnsins (definite genitive singular)
finna (genitive indefinite plural)
finnanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

finnr

Icelandic: Finnur

Faroese: finnur

Norwegian: finn

→ Danish: fin

Norwegian Bokmål: finn

Old Swedish: finne, finnar

desctree

Swedish: finne
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: finne
→ German: Finne

Old Danish: fyndhæ

Danish: finne

Norwegian Bokmål: finne

An exonym by Swedes and Norwegians for Sámi people across Arctic Scandinavia

A byname informally honoring a male with powers of a vǫlva, alluding to the Sámi noaidi

(Norse mythology) A mythic name, used for elves and dwarves i.a.


frísir

non-decl-blank-plur

frísir

frísir (indefinite nominative plural)
frísirnir (definite nominative plural)
frísi (accusative indefinite plural)
frísina (accusative definite plural)
frísum (dative indefinite plural)
frísunum (dative definite plural)
frísa (genitive indefinite plural)
frísanna (definite genitive plural)

From Proto-Germanic [Term?]. The Proto-Germanic term could be either *frīsīz (if an i-stem like this Old Norse word) or *frīsaniz (if an n-stem like West Germanic *Frīsan).


þróndr

þrǿndr (plural)
þrǿndir (plural)
þróndr (indefinite nominative singular)
þróndrinn (definite nominative singular)
þrǿndr (indefinite nominative plural)
þrǿndir (indefinite nominative plural)
þrǿndr (definite nominative plural)
þrǿndirnir (definite nominative plural)
þrónd (accusative indefinite singular)
þróndinn (accusative definite singular)
þrǿndr (accusative indefinite plural)
þrǿndi (accusative indefinite plural)
þrǿndr (accusative definite plural)
þrǿndina (accusative definite plural)
þróndi (dative indefinite singular)
þróndinum (dative definite singular)
þróndum (dative indefinite plural)
þrǿndum (dative indefinite plural)
þróndum (dative definite plural)
þrǿndunum (dative definite plural)
þróndar (genitive indefinite singular)
þróndarins (definite genitive singular)
þrónda (genitive indefinite plural)
þrǿnda (genitive indefinite plural)
þrónda (definite genitive plural)
þrǿndanna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

þróndr

Icelandic: Þrændir

Faroese: trøndur

Norwegian: trønder, trøndir

→ Danish: trønder, trønd

Norwegian Bokmål: trønder

From Proto-Norse *þrōwendīʀ m pl, from *þrōwōną + *-ndz. Compare Old English Þrōwendas pl. A similar construction is found in bóndi (“farmer”) from búa (“to reside”), and frændi (“friend”) from frjá (“to love”).

a person from the region Trøndelag in Norway

þrǿnzkr

from or relating to the Trønder; throndish


langbarðar

non-decl-blank-plur

langbarðar

langbarðar (indefinite nominative plural)
langbarðarnir (definite nominative plural)
langbarða (accusative indefinite plural)
langbarðana (accusative definite plural)
langbǫrðum (dative indefinite plural)
langbǫrðunum (dative definite plural)
langbarða (genitive indefinite plural)
langbarðanna (definite genitive plural)

the Lombards, Langobards, people in Lombardy