bot

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat. Doublet of bwat and wwat.


air

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiR, compare Malay air.


kara

> Javanese: ꦏꦫ (kara) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬭ (kara)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर (kara, “finger”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”).


kara

> Javanese: ꦏꦫ (kara) (inherited)

Unknown, probably borrowed from Sanskrit खर (khara, “thorny plant”).

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual

(botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus.


kali

desctree

Javanese: ꦏꦭꦶ (kali)
→ Betawi: kali
→ Dutch: kali
→ Indonesian: kali
→ Malay: kali

→ Balinese: ᬓᬮᬶ (kali)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali. Compare to Malay gali ~ kali (“to dig”).


alas

Javanese: ꦲꦭꦱ꧀ (alas)
→ Indonesian: alas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas (“forest, wilderness, woods, jungle”), from Proto-Austronesian *Salas (“forest, wilderness, woods”).

inh

quantity of flowers or plants growing in a thick cluster


bulan

Javanese: bulan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)

month (period into which a year is divided)


we

> Javanese: ꦮꦺ (wé) (inherited)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi. Doublet of wari.


pu

Javanese: ꦥꦸ (pu)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *empu (“grandparent/grandchild; ancestor; lord, master, owner”).


kana

→ Balinese: ᬓᬦ (kana, “bracelet”)

Unknown, probably from Sanskrit कङ्कण (kaṅkaṇa, “bracelet”).


dharma

(Hinduism, Buddhism) the natural order of the universe; natural law, cosmic order.

(Hinduism) one's obligation in respect to one's position in society, or the universe; one's duty, societally or cosmically.

(Buddhism) doctrine, truth: the teachings of the Buddha as one's personal path to enlightenment.

benevolence, piety, righteousness, virtue


asti

Alternative spelling of hasti (“elephant”)


asti

Alternative spelling of hasta (“hand, (lower) arm; the eleventh lunar asterism; a linear measure”)


asti

Alternative spelling of asthi (“bone; ashes”)


tap

Unknown, probably *sĕp + ta-, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *səp (“to suffice”) (compare to Khmer សព្វ (sɑp, “every”), Khmer ស៊ុប (sup, “sufficient, complete”).


pare

desctree

> Javanese: ꦥꦫꦺ (paré) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: pare

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəria (“bitter melon”).


doh

> Javanese: ꦢꦺꦴꦃ (doh) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬤᭀᬄ (doh)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zauq (“far”).


wit

Javanese: ꦮꦶꦠ꧀ (wit)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬶᬢ᭄ (wit)

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rwiʔ (“fig tree”).


tom

Javanese: tom
→ Ternate: tom


ken

> Javanese: ꦏꦺꦤ꧀ (kèn) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kain (“woman's skirt”).

inh+

garment worn around the lower part of the body


babu

desctree

> Javanese: ꦧꦧꦸ (babu) (inherited)
→ Dutch: baboe
→ Brunei Malay: babu
→ Malay: babu
Indonesian: babu
→ Peranakan Indonesian: babu

→ Balinese: ᬩᬩᬸ (babu)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(ʔ)boʔ (“mother”) (compare Temiar buk (“mother”), Jehai baboʔ (“woman”), Vietnamese vợ (“wife”), and Mon ၝောံ (bɜ̀ʔ)).

cog

Mon ၝောံ (bɜ̀ʔ)


kawan

>? Javanese: ꦏꦮꦤ꧀ (kawan)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban.


kuda

> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢ (kuda) (inherited)

>? Malay: kuda (see there for further descendants)

Unknown, probably from Prakrit ghōḍa, from Sanskrit घोटक (ghoṭaka), from Proto-Dravidian *kHutt-.


ajar

desctree

> Javanese: ꦲꦗꦂ (ajar) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: hajar

>? Classical Malay: اجر (ajar)

> Malay: ajar (inherited)
> Ambonese Malay: ajar (inherited)
> Indonesian: ajar (inherited)
→ Iban: ajar

Unknown, probably from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”) (hence, doublet of ācārya), likely derived from आचार (ācāra, “conduct, behavior”).


kayu

Javanese: ꦏꦪꦸ (kayu)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kahiw.


hamba

Javanese: ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧ (amba)

Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).


sata

Javanese: ꦱꦠ (sata, “cock, rooster”)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬢ (sata, “bird”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सत (sata, “sacrificial vessel”).


pasir

Javanese: ꦥꦱꦶꦂ (pasir)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasiʀ (“sandbank, shoal in river or sea”).


catur

→ Javanese: ꦕꦠꦸꦂ (catur) (see there for further descendants)


anak

Javanese: ꦲꦤꦏ꧀ (anak)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


uni

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦤꦶ (uni)

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buñi. Cognate Malay bunyi.


ipe

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipaʀ, compare Malay ipar.


kala

Javanese: ꦏꦭ (kala, “evil; demon”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit काला (kālā, “black; dark”).


kala

From Sanskrit शङ्ख (śaṅkha, “trumpet, horn”, literally “shell, conch-shell”) + काल (kāla, “time, hour”).


kala

Javanese: ꦏꦭ (kala, “stinging animal”)

→ Indonesian: kala (“stinging animal”)

From Sanskrit कालक (kālaka, “scorpion”).


kala

Alternative spelling of kalā (“noose, snare”)


awan

Javanese: ꦲꦮꦤ꧀ (awan)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawan (“atmosphere”).


kula

desctree

> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦭ (kula) (inherited)
→ Malay: kula
→ Musi: kulo

→ Balinese: ᬓᬸᬮ (kula)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).


kula

wife of lower rank, second wife to the queen


jukut

desctree

Javanese: ꦗꦸꦏꦸꦠ꧀ (jukut, “vegetable”, literally “grass”)
→ Sundanese: ᮏᮥᮊᮥᮒ᮪ (jukut, “grass”)

→ Balinese: ᬚᬸᬓᬸᬢ᭄ (jukut)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zukut (“grass”).


saga

> Javanese: ꦱꦒ (saga) (inherited)

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual


laya

> Javanese: ꦭꦪ (laya) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit लय (laya, “dwelling, house, residence”).


laya

> Javanese: ꦭꦪ (laya) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit लय (laya, “destruction”).


guru

Javanese: ꦒꦸꦫꦸ (guru)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬸᬭᬸ (guru)


kris

desctree

> Javanese: ꦏꦼꦫꦶꦱ꧀ (keris), ꦏꦿꦶꦱ꧀ (kris) (inherited)
→ Malay: keris
Indonesian: keris
→ English: kris, crease, creese, creeze, crese, cress, cris, crise, criss, crys, cryse, keris, kreese, kriss
→ Serbo-Croatian: kris
→ Thai: กริช (grìt)

*ris + ka- (“formative for abstract nouns of quality”)


surat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”).


wari

Javanese: ꦮꦫꦶꦃ (warih, “water”)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬭᬶᬄ (warih, “water”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वारि (vāri, “water”).


wari

> Javanese: ꦲꦫꦶ (ari, hari) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi. Doublet of we.


bale

> Javanese: ꦧꦭꦺ (balé) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.


rase

Javanese: ꦫꦱꦺ (rasé)
→ Indonesian: rase


batu

Javanese: ꦧꦠꦸ (batu)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.


abab

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦧꦧ꧀ (abab)
→ Indonesian: abab


raga

Javanese: ꦫꦒ (raga)

Unknown, probably Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laja (“to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats”).


gula

Javanese: ꦒꦸꦭ (gula)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬸᬮ (gula)

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).


yoga

> Javanese: ꦪꦺꦴꦒ (yoga) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yoga, “meditation”).

method or practice of mental concentration or penance (to control the senses, arrest the fluctuations (wṛtti) of the mind (citta)

achieve union with the deity or liberation


pita

>? Javanese: ꦥꦶꦠ (pita)

Unknown, probably affixed hita (“benefit, welfare”) + pa-.


titi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay.


titi

desctree

Javanese: ꦠꦶꦠꦶ (titi, “careful, scrupulous, precise”)
→ Indonesian: titi (“precise”)

Unknown
* from back-formation of Old Javanese nīti (“tactful, prudent, wise”), from Sanskrit नीति (nīti, “leading; behavior; policy, ethics”). Compare to Javanese ꦤꦶꦠꦶ (niti, “to examine; wise conduct, good policy”).
* Old Javanese tata-titi (“arrangement, plan”), tatā (“arrangement; rule”), from Sanskrit तथा (tathā, “in that manner”).


ri

Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi


dum

Javanese: ꦢꦸꦩ꧀ (dum)

→ Balinese: ᬤᬸᬫ᭄ (dum)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁um (“collection, accumulation”) (compare to Khmer ដុំ (dom, “loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch”), Eastern Cham ḍaum (“group”)).


basa

Alternative spelling of bhāṣa (“speech; language; poem”)

Alternative spelling of waśa (“power, force; dominion”)


lek

Javanese: ꦭꦺꦏ꧀ (lék)

→ Balinese: ᬮᬾᬓ᭄ (lék, “moon; month”)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *leh (“to go down, go out”).


maru

Affixed ro, rwa (“two”) + ma- (“active verb prefix”).


maru

Borrowed from Sanskrit मरु (maru, “wilderness”).


baka

> Javanese: ꦧꦏ (baka) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit बक (baka, “heron”).


hasta

Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (asta)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta, “hand”)


mata

Javanese: ꦩꦠ (mata)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


tatar

Unknown, probably Old Javanese tātar, tātā.


bali

→ Balinese: ᬩᬮᬶ (bali)

Borrowed from Sanskrit बलि (bali). Doublet of wali.


rajah

> Javanese: ꦫꦗꦃ (rajah) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit रज (raja, “passion, emotion, affection”).


rajah

> Javanese: ꦫꦗꦃ (rajah) (inherited)


buddha

Borrowed from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “enlightened, awakened”).

a human being who has become enlightened.

(Buddhism) Buddha, buddha:
a statue or image of the Buddha.


pura

Javanese: ꦥꦸꦫ (pura)

desctree

→ Balinese: ᬧᬸᬭ (pura)
→ Indonesian: pura (“temple”) (semantic loan)

From Sanskrit पुर (pura). Doublet of puri.


toh

Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦃ (toh, “stake, pledge”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀuq (“to store, put away; to place a bet”).

inh+

pledge, stake: That which is laid down as a wager; that which is staked or hazarded.


sura

Borrowed from Sanskrit सुर (sura, “god, divine, deity; idol; thirty-three; sage, learned man; the image of a god, an idol; sun”).


bebek

Javanese: ꦧꦺꦧꦺꦏ꧀ (bèbèk)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬾᬩᬾᬓ᭄ (bébék)


suku

> Javanese: ꦱꦸꦏꦸ (suku) (inherited)

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ban">suku</i>

→ Balinese: ᬲᬸᬓᬸ (suku)

a biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion and that is frequently a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg.


asu

Javanese: ꦲꦱꦸ (asu)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *(w)asu.


gamelan

Javanese: ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ (gamelan)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬫᭂᬮᬦ᭄ (gamêlan)

→ Osing: gamelan

→ Tengger: gamelan


sari

Alternative spelling of sāri (“quintessence; pollen, flower”)


ron

> Javanese: ꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (ron) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬭᭀᬦ᭄ (ron)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.


bras

Javanese: ꦧꦼꦫꦱ꧀ (beras)

→ Balinese: ᬩᭂᬭᬲ᭄ (beras)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas. Doublet of wĕas.


gaja

> Javanese: ꦒꦗꦃ (gajah) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬚᬄ (gajah)

Borrowed from Sanskrit गज (gaja, “elephant”).


cara

>? Javanese: ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ (coro)

Borrowed from Sanskrit चर (cara, “wandering, walking, moving”).


cara

Alternative spelling of cara, cāra, ācāra

Alternative spelling of cara, pacara, upacara, upacāra


aji

desc

Javanese: ꦲꦗꦶ (aji, “amulet; value, worth”)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬚᬶ (aji, “price; knowledge”)


pati

Borrowed from Sanskrit पति (pati, “master, lord; wife”).


ambo

Javanese: ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦴ (ambo)

Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”). Attested in the Old Javanese prose of Tantri Kaḍiri.


duh

desc

→ Indonesian: duh (“discharge”) (learned)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq (“sap, juice”). Doublet of juruh.


masa

Alternative spelling of māsa (“month; time”)


ari

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦫꦶ (ari, “younger sibling”)
→ Malay: ari

desc

→ Balinese: ᬳᬭᬶ (ari, “younger sibling”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, compare Malay adik.


ari

→ Balinese: ᬅᬭᬶ (ari, “enemy”)


bala

> Javanese: ꦧꦭ (bala), ꦮꦭ (wala) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬮ (bala)

Borrowed from Sanskrit बल (bala, “power, strength”).


bajra

→ Javanese: ꦧꦿꦗ (braja) (learned)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वज्र (vajra, “thunderbolt”).


tos

Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (tos)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *teRas (“heartwood of a tree, hard, durable core of wood; ironwood tree”). Doublet of twas (“hardness; core, heart”).


beya

desctree

Javanese: ꦧꦺꦪ (béya)
→ Malay: bea
Indonesian: bea
→ Min Nan: 傌仔／骂仔 (bé-á)

Borrowed from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya). Doublet of byaya.


hala

> Javanese: ꦲꦭ (hala) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit हल (hala, “plough”).


tara

Javanese: ꦠꦫ (tara)

>? Malay: tara

Indonesian: tara

Borrowed from Sanskrit तर (tara, “intensifier”).


teja

Javanese: ꦠꦺꦗ (téja)

→ Balinese: ᬢᬾᬚ (téja)

fiery energy, vital power, spiritual or magical power


dus

> Javanese: ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ (dus) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ziuq (“bathe”), from Proto-Austronesian *diRus (“bathe”). Doublet of dyus.


pari

Javanese: ꦥꦫꦶ (pari)

From Proto-Austronesian *pajay, compare Malay padi and Tetum hare.


dara

Alternative spelling of darā (“pigeon; dove”)


lus

> Javanese: ꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (lus) (inherited)


timbal

Javanese: ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀ (timbal)


jaga

Javanese: ꦗꦒ (jaga)

→ Balinese: ᬚᬕ (jaga)

Borrowed from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ). Doublet of jāgra.


pralaya

> Javanese: ꦥꦿꦭꦪ (pralaya) (inherited)


grah

desctree

Javanese: ꦒꦼꦫꦃ (gerah)
→ Indonesian: gerah (“hot”)

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rah, *ruh, *ruəh, *ruuh, *rəh (“to fall, be shed”).


hara

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀa.


cora

Borrowed from Sanskrit चौर (caura), चोर (cora).


rasa

Javanese: ꦫꦱ (rasa)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬭᬲ, ᬭᬲ (rasa, “taste”); ᬭᬵᬣ (rasa, “love”)


soca

Borrowed from Sanskrit शोचि (śoci, “flame, glow”), शुच् (śuc, “to shine, glow”).


soca

desc

Javanese: ꦱꦺꦴꦕ (soca, “eye; gem”), ꦱꦺꦴꦠꦾ (sotya)

→ Balinese: ᬲᭀᬘ (soca, “eye”)


damar

Javanese: ꦢꦩꦂ (damar)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *damaʀ (“tree resin used in torches”).


mala

Javanese: ꦩꦭ (mala)


huntu

> Javanese: ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦸ (untu) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quntu (“tusks of a boar”), compare Mansaka onto.


hari

> Javanese: ꦲꦫꦶ (hari) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit हरि (hari, “lion”).


hari

Alternative spelling of ari (“younger sibling (sister or brother)”)


kas

>? Javanese: ꦏꦱ꧀ (kas)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas (“hard”).


paras

desctree

> Javanese: ꦥꦫꦱ꧀ (paras), ꦥꦝꦱ꧀ (padhas) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: paras
→ Indonesian: padas

Unknown, probably affixed karas (“tablet”) + pa-.


paras

> Javanese: ꦥꦫꦱ꧀ (paras) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paras₁ (“shaved off, made smooth”).


tatu

> Javanese: ꦠꦠꦸ (tatu) (inherited)


jala

Borrowed from Sanskrit जल (jala, “water”).


jala

Alternative spelling of jāla (“fishing net”)


sare

> Javanese: ꦱꦫꦺ (saré) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬭᬾ (saré)


bakal

> Javanese: ꦧꦏꦭ꧀ (bakal) (inherited)

→ Malay: bakal
Indonesian: bakal

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *[b]kəl[ ] (“to give, make over”). Doublet of bĕkĕl.


pulo

> Javanese: ꦥꦸꦭꦺꦴ (pulo) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulaw.


warga

> Javanese: ꦮꦂꦒ (warga) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वर्ग (varga, “group; company; family; ilk; lot; class of phonemes of articulation”).


taman

alternative spelling of tāman (“garden”)


ibu

> Javanese: ꦲꦶꦧꦸ (ibu) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬶᬩᬸ (ibu)

desctree

>? Malay: ibu
> Indonesian: ibu (inherited)
→ Iban: ibu

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(ʔ)boʔ (“mother”) (compare Temiar buk (“mother”), Jehai baboʔ (“woman”), Vietnamese vợ (“wife”), and Mon ၝောံ (bɜ̀ʔ)).

cog

Mon ၝောံ (bɜ̀ʔ)


mada

Borrowed from Sanskrit मद (mada, “intoxication”).


panah

Javanese: ꦥꦤꦃ (panah)


tuhan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan.


hulu

desc

> Javanese: ꦲꦸꦭꦸ (ulu), ꦮꦸꦭꦸ (wulu) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *qulu.


tahun

> Javanese: ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀ (taun) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun.


salah

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq.


walu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balu, compare Malay balu and Tagalog balo.


ratna

Borrowed from Sanskrit रत्न (ratna, “gem, jewel”).


kulit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

skin (outer covering of the body of a person)

leather (material produced by tanning animal skin)


waru

desctree

> Javanese: ꦮꦫꦸ (waru) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: waru

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀu.

inh+

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

(botany) sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)


jati

Javanese: ꦗꦠꦶ (jati, “teak”)

→ Malay: jati (“teak”)

Indonesian: jati (“teak”)

Cebuano: yati (“teak”)

→ Min Nan: 惹致 (jiá-tì)

Probably from jāti (“jasmine”), from Sanskrit जाति (jāti, “royal jasmine; nutmeg”). Doublet of jāti.


hati

Javanese: ꦲꦠꦶ (ati)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.


madu

Affixed ro, rwa (“two”) + ma- (“active verb prefix”).


ratu

Javanese: ꦫꦠꦸ (ratu)

→ Balinese: ᬭᬢᬸ (ratu)

→ Malay: ratu
Indonesian: ratu

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Doublet of ḍatu.


putra

Javanese: ꦥꦸꦠꦿ (putra)


lor

Javanese: ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Doublet of lahut (“sea”) and lod (“sea”).


arus

desctree

> Javanese: ꦲꦫꦸꦱ꧀ (arus) (inherited)
>? Malay: harus
> Indonesian: harus (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀus (“current (water)”).


pada

> Javanese: ꦥꦢ (pada) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬧᬤ (pada)


pada

Alternative spelling of pāda (“line, verse”)


naga

Borrowed from Sanskrit नग (naga, “mountain”).


tā

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diaq.


nanah

> Javanese: ꦤꦤꦃ (nanah) (inherited)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq.

pus (fluid found in regions of infection)


laja

desctree

Javanese: ꦭꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (laos, “galangal”)
→ Indonesian: laos (“galangal”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqia (“ginger”). Compare Chinese 辣椒 (làjiāo).


tahi

> Javanese: ꦠꦲꦶ (tai) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqi, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqi.


ina

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.


ina

Probably borrowed from Sanskrit दिन (dina, “a day”) as /d/ → /r/ (compare Javanese ꦫꦶꦤ (rina)) → /h/ → ∅, hence doublet of dina.


wangi

Javanese: wangi

→ Malay: wangi
Indonesian: wangi


raka

Javanese: ꦫꦏ (raka)

→ Balinese: ᬭᬓ (raka)


wara

Borrowed from Sanskrit वर (vara). Compare Thai พระ (prá), Khmer ព្រះ (prĕəh).


wara

Alternative spelling of awara (“screen”)


giri

Javanese: ꦒꦶꦫꦶ (giri, “mountain”)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬶᬭᬶ (giri, “mountain”)


hatur

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuʀ.

inh+

respectfully told (reported), when appearing before a person of high rank


saka

Javanese: ꦱꦏ (saka, “pillar”)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬲᬓ (saka, “post, pillar, column”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “a door-post”, literally “branch”).


duk

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *-Cuk.


andha

> Javanese: ꦲꦤ꧀ꦢ (anda) (inherited)


wakul

> Javanese: ꦮꦏꦸꦭ꧀ (wakul) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakul (“woven bamboo basket”). Doublet of bakul.


wor

> Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦂ (wor) (inherited)


sita

Javanese: ꦱꦺꦠ (séta)

Borrowed from Pali seta, from Sanskrit श्वेत (śveta, “white”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás (“white”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“bright; shine”).


lon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laun (“be stretched out, of time; old (of past crops that are still not consumed)”).


dina

desc

Javanese: ꦢꦶꦤ (dina), ꦫꦶꦤ (rina), ꦢꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (dinten), ꦫꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (rinten)

→ Balinese: ᬤᬶᬦ (dina)

Borrowed from Sanskrit दिन (dina, “a day”).


wulu

> Javanese: ꦮꦸꦭꦸ (wulu) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu, compare Malay bulu.

inh+

(figurative) person of an inferior social status


twas

Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (tos)

⇒ Balinese: ᬓᬢᭀᬲ᭄ (katos)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *teRas (“heartwood of a tree, hard, durable core of wood; ironwood tree”). Doublet of tos (“descendant, offspring; product”).


bata

> Javanese: ꦧꦠ (bata) (inherited)

>? Balinese: ᬩᬢ (bata)

>? Malay: bata

> Indonesian: bata (inherited)

→ Iban: bata

→ Maranao: bata

Unknown, probably inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buRtaq (“earth, soil, mud”).


liman

desctree

> Javanese: ꦭꦶꦩꦤ꧀ (liman) (inherited)
→ Malay: liman
Indonesian: liman

→ Balinese: ᬮᬶᬫᬦ᭄ (liman)


asta

Borrowed from Sanskrit अस्त (asta, “sunset”).


dhana

Borrowed from Sanskrit धन (dhana, “money”).


raden

Alternative spelling of rahadyan (“lord, master”)


samara

→ Balinese: ᬲᬫᬭ (samara, “battle”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit समर (samara, “hostile encounter, conflict, struggle, war, battle”).


daya

Alternative spelling of daya, dāya, deya


daya

Borrowed from Pali hadaya, from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Doublet of darya and hṛdaya.


laku

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lakaw (“to go, to walk”).


tuma

Javanese: ꦠꦸꦩ (tuma)


yuga

> Javanese: ꦪꦸꦒ (yuga) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit युग (yuga, “brace; pair, couple, team; generation; a period or astronomical cycle; an age of the world”, literally “yoke”).

bor+

(Hinduism) yuga: In Hindu theology, a period of a few hundred or thousand years, or an epoch or era within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga (or Krita Yuga), the Dvapara Yuga, the Treta Yuga and finally the Kali Yuga, with lengths ranging from 432,000 to 1,728,000 years.


yuga

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yoga, “yoking, union”).

yoga: any of several Hindu or Buddhist disciplines aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquillity; especially a system of exercises practiced to promote control of the body and mind.


punti

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *punti.


mrak

Javanese: ꦩꦼꦫꦏ꧀ (merak)

Likely borrowed from a Mon-Khmer language, such as Mon မြာ် (pəràik, “peacock”), ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *mraik (“peacock”). Compare also Malay merak.


rara

> Javanese: ꦫꦫ (rara) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Doublet of ḍara.


mitra

desctree

> Javanese: ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (mitra) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: mitra

→ Balinese: ᬫᬶᬢ᭄ᬭ (mitra)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra, “friend, companion”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”).


pahat

Javanese: pahat

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqət (“chisel”).


macan

> Javanese: ꦩꦕꦤ꧀ (macan) (inherited)


alun

> Javanese: ꦲꦭꦸꦤ꧀ (alun) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalun. Cognate with Malay mengalun.


salin

> Javanese: ꦱꦭꦶꦤ꧀ (salin) (inherited)

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salin.


tantra

Borrowed from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra). Doublet of tantri.


halu

Javanese: ꦲꦭꦸ (alu, “pestle”)

title of a high functionary at the court


sapa

Javanese: ꦱꦥ (sapa, “to greet”)


arca

Javanese: ꦉꦕ (reca, “statue”)

→ Balinese: ᬅᬃᬘᬵ (arca, “statue”)


halun

Javanese: ꦲꦭꦸꦤ꧀ (alun)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalun. Cognate with Indonesian alun.


puli

Javanese: ꦥꦸꦭꦶ (puli)


jaka

Javanese: ꦗꦏ (jaka)


timur

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ.


gajah

Alternative spelling of gaja (“elephant”)


reh

> Javanese: ꦫꦺꦃ (rèh) (inherited)


krama

Javanese: ꦏꦿꦩ (krama)

Banyumasan: krama

→ Indonesian: kromo

Osing: krama

→ Balinese: ᬓ᭄ᬭᬫ (krama)

From Sanskrit क्रम (krama, “custom, law, system”).


wana

desctree

> Javanese: ꦮꦤ (wana) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: wana

→ Balinese: ᬯᬦ (wana)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वन (vana, “forest, grove, thicket”).


wana

Alternative spelling of wāhana (“vehicle, conveyance”)


inak

Javanese: ꦲꦺꦤꦏ꧀ (énak)


sara

desc

> Javanese: ꦱꦫ (sara, “pond”) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬭ (sara, “water”)

Borrowed from Pali sara, saras (“lake”), from Sanskrit सरस् (saras, “pond, lake, water”).


candu

From Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”). Compare to Javanese ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ (candu, “opium, tar”).


lawa

>? Malay: lawa

> Indonesian: lawa (inherited)


hangin

Javanese: angin


panon

Prefixed pa- + ton (“to see”). Literally, "seeing apparatus"


lapan

Back-formation from alapan, affixed alap + -an.


asana

Javanese: ꦱꦤ (sana)

Borrowed from Sanskrit असन, आशन (asana, āśana, “Indian laurel”).


wrak

> Javanese: ꦮꦼꦫꦏ꧀ (werak) (inherited)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *sraat (“sour, acid”), *ɟuʔ (“sour, acid”).


rahina

Javanese: ꦫꦲꦶꦤ (rahina)

→ Balinese: ᬭᬳᬶᬦ (rahina)


tantu

> Javanese: ꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦸ (tantu) (inherited)

>? Malay: tentu

> Indonesian: tentu (inherited)

fixed order, establishment of the world order


hayu

Javanese: ꦲꦪꦸ (ayu)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬬᬸ (ayu)

→ Malay: ayu

Indonesian: ayu

Probably borrowed from Sanskrit आयु (āyu, “living; lifetime”), thus doublet of ayu and ayuh.

good, goodness, rightness, virtuousness, well-being, welfare


tuha

Javanese: ꦠꦸꦲ (tuha), ꦠꦸꦮ (tuwa)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)tuqah, compare Malay tua.


nāga

> Javanese: ꦤꦒ (naga) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬦᬵᬕ (naga)

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāga, “naga”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)nog-ó-s (with *a regularly lengthened by Brugmann's law), from *(s)neg- (“to crawl; a creeping thing”).

one of the five airs of the human body (which is expelled by eructation).


nāga

> Javanese: ꦤꦒ (naga) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāga, “elephant”), from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked”), i.e. “the hairless one”.


bhakti

devotion, attachment, trust, homage, worship, piety, faith, loyalty


tamu

Javanese: ꦠꦩꦸ (tamu)

→ Balinese: ᬢᬫᬸ (tamu)

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁mu, *t₁muj, *t₁muəj (“guest, visitor”). Doublet of tĕmu (“to meet”).


kaca

Javanese: ꦏꦕ (kaca, “glass; mirror”)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬘ (kaca, “glass”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit काच (kāca, “glass”).


bawi

Javanese: ꦧꦧꦶ (babi)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬯᬶ (bawi)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy.


sumur

desctree

> Javanese: ꦱꦸꦩꦸꦂ (sumur) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: sumur


dalan

Javanese: ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ (dalan)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.


saji

> Javanese: ꦱꦗꦶ (saji) (inherited)

→ Malay: saji

> Indonesian: saji (inherited)

Probably from Sanskrit सज्ज (sajja, “ready, prepared”).


gaway

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gaway (“occupation”). Cognate of Malay gawai (“work; a Dayak celebration”), Indonesian gawai (“gadget”), Balinese ᬕᬯᬾ (gaé, “work”).


bhūmi

> Javanese: ꦧꦸꦩꦶ (bumi) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬪᬹᬫᬶ (bumi), ᬕᬸᬫᬶ (gumi)

Borrowed from Sanskrit भूमि (bhūmi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰúHmiš.


maṇḍala

desc

Javanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦭ (mandhala), ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ (mandala)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬡ᭄ᬟᬮ (mandala)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle”).


wasta

Alternative spelling of wastha (“title, name”)


luh

> Javanese: ꦭꦸꦃ (luh) (inherited)

desctree

>? Malay: peluh
> Indonesian: peluh (inherited)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luheq, from Proto-Austronesian *luSeq.


harus

Alternative spelling of arus (“water current, tidal current, breaker”)


yawa

Borrowed from Sanskrit यव (yava, “barley”).


yawa

Unknown, probably Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)zauq.


timba

Javanese: timba


agra

Javanese: ꦲꦒꦿ (agra)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अग्र (agra, “tip, point”).


wiji

Javanese: ꦮꦶꦗꦶ (wiji)
→ Ternate: wiji

From Sanskrit बीज (bīja, “seed”). Doublet of wīja.


carita

> Javanese: ꦕꦿꦶꦠ (crita) (inherited)

→ Malay: cerita

Borrowed from Sanskrit चरित (carita, “acts, deeds”).


gili

> Javanese: ꦒꦶꦭꦶ (gili) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬶᬮᬶ (gili)

→ Sasak: ᬕᬶᬮᬶ (gili)

Unknown
* probably from earlier Old Javanese giri (“mountain”) as Javanese ꦒꦶꦭꦶ (gili, “mountain ridge; dunes; way”).
* probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *dliʔ (“firm, immovable”), such as in Khmer ធ្លី (thlii, “land, terra firma”).


judi

Javanese: ꦗꦸꦝꦶ (judhi)

>? Malay: judi
Indonesian: judi

Probably from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀽𑀤 (jūda), from Sanskrit द्यूत (dyūta, “gambling”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyuH- (“to endeavour”).


patik

Javanese: ꦥꦠꦶꦏ꧀ (patik)

Unknown, probably related to Old Javanese patih and pati.


gagak

Javanese: ꦒꦒꦏ꧀ (gagak)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gakgak (“caw, as a crow; raucous talking of people”), probably onomatopoeic.


natar

Cognate of Balinese natar (ᬦᬢᬃ, “house-complex”), Indonesian natar (“background colour in batik, backyard”), Tetum natar (“rice paddy, paddy field”).


himba

Banyumasan: imba

Javanese: ꦲꦶꦩ꧀ꦧ (imba, “eyebrow”)

Osing: imba

Tengger: imba


asat

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦱꦠ꧀ (asat, “dried, to become dry”)
→ Indonesian: asat (“dried”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit असत् (asat, “non-existent, unreal; fake, false; untrue, wrong; bad; non-existence; non-existence; evil”).


phala

desc

> Javanese: ꦥꦭ (pala, “fruit; nutmeg”), ꦥꦲꦭ (pahala, “merit”) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬨᬮ (pala, “fruit; result”)


haji

Javanese: ꦲꦗꦶ (aji)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬚᬶ (aji)

→ Malay: aji

Indonesian: aji

→ Tagalog: hari

Compare Bikol Central hadi, Cebuano hari, Cuyunon adi, Ilocano ari, Mansaka ari, Waray-Waray hadi, and Malay aji; and distantly Maori ariki, Proto-Polynesian *qariki


samudra

> Javanese: ꦱꦩꦸꦢꦿ (samudra), ꦱꦩꦺꦴꦢꦿ (samodra) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).


sapi

> Javanese: ꦱꦥꦶ (sapi) (inherited)

Cognate of Malay sapi. Doublet of sampi.


dulur

desctree

> Javanese: ꦢꦸꦭꦸꦂ (dulur) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: dulur

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duluR (“accompany, go together with”).


citra

Borrowed from Sanskrit चित्र (citra, “picture”).


nagara

desc

Javanese: ꦤꦒꦫ (nagara), ꦤꦒꦫꦶ (nagari), ꦤꦼꦒꦫ (negara), ꦤꦼꦒꦫꦶ (negari)

→ Balinese: ᬦᬵᬕᬭ → ᬦᭂᬕᬭ

Borrowed from Sanskrit नगर (nagara, “city”).


agni

→ Javanese: ꦲꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ (agni)

→ Balinese: ᬅᬕ᭄ᬦᬶ (agni)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अग्नि (agni, “fire”).


jagat

Javanese: ꦗꦒꦠ꧀ (jagat)


jambu

From Sanskrit जम्बु (jambu), जम्बू (jambū).

Hana ta jambu si Sudarśana ṅaranya, tumuwuh karnah kidul.


ilat

Javanese: ꦲꦶꦭꦠ꧀ (ilat, “tongue”)

→ Banjarese: ilat (“tongue”)

desctree

→ Sundanese: ᮄᮜᮒ᮪ (ilat, “tongue”)
→ Indonesian: ilat (“blade”)

Probably from earlier Old Javanese dilat (“tongue”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”) (compare to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilat, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilap (“to lick”)), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”).


arga

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦂꦒ (arga), ꦄꦂꦒ (Arga)
→ Indonesian: argo
→ Indonesian: Arga, Argo

Metathesis of earlier Old Javanese agra (“top, summit, point; prominent, first, chief, best”), probably due to influence of Pali agga (“highest; top-most”), from Sanskrit अग्र (agra, “tip, point”).


lod

→ Balinese: ᬮᭀᬤ᭄ (lod, “sea”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Doublet of lahut (“sea”) and lor (“north”).


biku

Alternative spelling of wiku (“holy man, sage; priest; monk, nun, ascetic, anchorite or anchoress, hermit”)


ampu

> Javanese: ꦲꦩ꧀ꦥꦸ (ampu) (inherited)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *empu. Cognate with Toba Batak ompu, Malay perempuan.


hyu

Javanese: ꦲꦶꦪꦸ (iyu, “shark”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qihu, from Proto-Austronesian *qiSu.


sugata

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वागत (svāgata, “name of certain Buddha disciple”, literally “welcome”).


wali

desc

> Javanese: ꦮꦭꦶ (wali, “ceremonial yellow drapery; small knife”) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬮᬶ (wali)

>? Balinese: ᬩᭂᬮᬶ (beli)

Borrowed from Sanskrit बलि (bali). Doublet of bali (“tribute, offering”).


wali

Alternative spelling of wallī (“creeper”)


poh

> Javanese: ꦥꦺꦴꦃ (poh) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬧᭀᬄ (poh)


bwat

Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (bot)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Doublet of bot and wrat.


bwat

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat. Doublet of bot and wwat.


jaran

desctree

Javanese: ꦗꦫꦤ꧀ (jaran)
→ Indonesian: jaran (“horse”)

→ Balinese: ᬚᬭᬦ᭄ (jaran)

Back-formation from ajaran (“horse”, literally “something taught”).


wesi

> Javanese: wesi (inherited)

From Malay besi, from Proto-Malayic *bəsi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bəsi.

(physics, chemistry, metallurgy) iron (element)


salaka

desctree

Javanese: ꦱꦼꦭꦏ (selaka)
→ Indonesian: selaka
→ Malay: selaka

→ Balinese: ᬲᬮᬓ (selaka)

→ Ternate: salaka

→ Sahu: salaka

Probably borrowed from Sanskrit शलाका (śalākā, “name of a coin”).


antara

Borrowed from Sanskrit अन्तर (antara, “interior, interval, difference”) and Sanskrit अन्तरा (antarā, “in the middle, between”).


ayu

Probably from Sanskrit आयु (āyu, “living; lifetime”), thus doublet of ayuh and hayu.

Alternative spelling of hayu (“good, happiness; welfare; beauty”)


empu

Indonesian: empu


mpu

Javanese: ꦩ꧀ꦥꦸ (mpu), ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸ (empu)


kawi

desc

Javanese: ꦏꦮꦶ (kawi, “Old Javanese; poet”)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬯᬶ (kawi, “Old Javanese”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “poet”).


gagana

> Javanese: ꦒꦒꦤ (gagana) (inherited)

desctree

> Javanese: ꦒꦼꦒꦤ (gegana) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: gegana

Borrowed from Sanskrit गगन (gagana, “atmosphere, sky, firmament, air”).


bañu

desctree

Javanese: ꦧꦚꦸ (banyu)
Caribbean Javanese: banyu
→ Banjarese: banyu
→ Musi: banyu

→ Balinese: ᬩᬜᬸ (banyu)

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *daNum.


sapu

Javanese: sapu


puluh

> Javanese: ꦥꦸꦭꦸꦃ (puluh) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *puluq.


sawah

> Javanese: ꦱꦮꦃ (sawah) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabaq.


indu

> Javanese: ꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ (indu) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit इन्दु (indu, “moon”).


waspa

> Javanese: ꦮꦱ꧀ꦥ (waspa) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit बाष्प (bāṣpa, “tears”).


ipi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipi, compare Malay mimpi.


akas

desctree

> Javanese: ꦲꦏꦱ꧀ (akas) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: akas

Affixed kas (“hardness; inflexibility”) + a-

Alternative spelling of kas (“hardness; inflexibility”)


candra

Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (candra)

→ Balinese: ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (candra)


lapā

Javanese: ꦭꦥ (lapa)

alapā

hungry, thirsty; hungry for, thirsting after


danta

> Javanese: ꦢꦼꦤ꧀ꦠ (denta) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬤᬦ᭄ᬢ (danta)


ratā

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dataʀ.

inh+

plain: an expanse of land with relatively low relief, usually exclusive of forests, deserts, and wastelands.


kawula

desctree

> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: kawula
→ Malay: kawula, kaola


pirak

→ Javanese: ꦥꦺꦫꦏ꧀ (pérak)

Borrowed from Malay pirak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan [Term?], of Khmeric origin (compare to Khmer ប្រាក់ (prak, “silver”)).


alih

Javanese: ꦲꦭꦶꦃ (alih)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aliq.


tamba

Javanese: ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧ (tamba)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambar (“antidote”) (compare Malay tawar (“tasteless”), Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambal (“to mend, to patch”)).


racana

arrangement, structure, construction, layout, design


apuy

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.


watu

Javanese: ꦮꦠꦸ (watu)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬢᬸ (watu)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.


hawan

desc

→ Balinese: ᬳᬯᬦ᭄ (awan, “journey, travel; cause”)

Probably hawa (“to drag, to draw”) + -an.


aḍi

Javanese: ꦲꦫꦶ (ari)
→ Malay: ari

Javanese: ꦲꦝꦶ (adhi)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.

sibling (younger person who shares same parents)


nūsa

Javanese: ꦤꦸꦱ (nusa)

island (area of land completely surrounded by water)


timah

Javanese: ꦠꦶꦩꦃ (timah)

? Javanese: ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (timbel)

→ Indonesian: timbal

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timəʀaq.


patih

Unknown, probably related to Old Javanese patih and pati.


rāma

desctree

Javanese: ꦫꦩ (rama)
→ Indonesian: rama, romo (semantic loan)

→ Balinese: ᬭᬵᬫ (rama)

ra- + ama from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h (“father”).

father (once: mother in Udyogaparwa), also used for uncle, guru, etc.

the eldest, senior (in religious community, village, army)


māsa

Javanese: ꦩꦁꦱ (mangsa)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬵᬲ (masa)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मास (māsa, “month”, literally “moon”).


tithi

→ Balinese: ᬢᬶᬣᬶ (titi, “lunar date”)

tithi: the lunar date based on the Hindu calendar. There are 30 tithis in each lunar month. Tithis begin at varying times of a solar day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to 26 hours.


tithi

alternative spelling of atithi (“guest”)


rūpa

> Javanese: ꦫꦸꦥ (rupa) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance or colour, form, shape, figure”).

outward appearance or colour, form, figure, shape


kalā

Borrowed from Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”).


kalā

desc

Javanese: ꦏꦭ (kala, “bird noose or snare”)

→ Indonesian: kala (“snare”)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬮᬵ (kala)


jawa

Javanese: ꦗꦮ (jawa), ꦗꦮꦶ (jawi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Balinese: ᬚᬯ (Jawa)

* From Sanskrit यव (yava, “barley, grain”).
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zawa, from Proto-Austronesian *zawa (“millet”). Cognate of Javanese ꦗꦼꦮꦮꦸꦠ꧀ (jewawut, “foxtail millet”).


idu

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qizuR. Compare Ibaloi ilol, Karao ilol, Pangasinan ilol, and Toba Batak ijur.


sewa

Javanese: ꦱꦺꦧ (séba, “to pay homage”)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬾᬯ (séwa), ᬲᬾᬩ (séba)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सेवा (sevā, “service”).


itik

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *itik.


camara

desc

> Javanese: ꦕꦩꦫ (camara), ꦕꦼꦩꦫ (cemara) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit चमर (camara, “yak”).


wwah

Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦃ (woh), ꦮꦃ (wah)

→ Balinese: ᬯ᭄ᬯᬄ (woh), ᬯᭀᬄ (woh)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buaq. Cognate with Malay buah.


buhaya

Javanese: ꦧꦪ (baya, “crocodile”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, compare Malay buaya.


abah-abah

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦧꦃꦲꦧꦃ (abah-abah)
→ Indonesian: abah-abah (semantic loan)
>? Malay: abah-abah
Indonesian: abah-abah
>? Sundanese: ᮃᮘᮂ-ᮃᮘᮂ (abah-abah)


ꦲꦱꦸ

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *(w)asu.


setra

Alternative spelling of kṣetra (“field; cemetery, graveyard; area, sphere of action”)


kakawin

Javanese: ꦏꦏꦮꦶꦤ꧀ (kakawin)
→ Indonesian: kakawin

→ Balinese: ᬓᬓᬯᬶᬦ᭄ (kakawin)


śīla

→ Balinese: ᬰᬶᬮ (sila, “conduct”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शील (śīla, “conduct, morality”).


dāna

> Javanese: ꦢꦤ (dana) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit दान (dā́na, “gift, alms, donation; generosity, giving”).


udan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


sadaya

> Javanese: ꦱꦢꦪ (sadaya) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬤᬬ (sadaya)

>? Sundanese: ᮞᮓᮚ (sadaya)


kāra

Borrowed from Sanskrit कार (kāra, “act, action”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”).


sādhu

Javanese: ꦱꦢꦸ (sadu)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬥᬸ (sadu)

desc

→ Indonesian: sadu (“sadhu”) (semantic loan)

From Sanskrit साधु (sādhu, “well, proper”).


bandha

desctree

> Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢ (banda) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: banda

→ Balinese: ᬩᬦ᭄ᬥ (banda)

Borrowed from Sanskrit बन्ध (bandha, “binding, tying, fetter, bond”).


mastaka

desc

> Javanese: ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (mustaka) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मस्तक (mastaka, “top, skull, head”).


tanduk

Affixed anduk (“to hit, to meet”) + ta- (“imperative mood”).


hawu

Javanese: ꦲꦮꦸ (awu)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu.


réna

Javanese: ꦫꦺꦤ (réna)


tamuy

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁mu, *t₁muj, *t₁muəj (“guest, visitor”). Doublet of tĕmu (“to meet”).


palaṅka

Ultimately from Sanskrit पल्यङ्क (palyaṅka, “bed, couch, bedstead”).


wwe

> Javanese: ꦮꦺ (wé) (inherited)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiR. Doublet of air. Compare Malay air.


lĕmbu

Javanese: ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ (lembu)

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *lnboʔ (“ox”).


wuku

desctree

Javanese: ꦮꦸꦏꦸ (wuku)
→ Indonesian: wuku

→ Balinese: ᬯᬸᬓᬸ (wuku)
→ Indonesian: wuku

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh.

inh+

section (of bamboo, etc), between the joints


talaga

Javanese: ꦠ꧀ꦭꦒ (tlaga)

From Sanskrit तलक (talaka) or तडाग (taḍāga).


arjuna

Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjuna#Translingual

arjuna: A tree native to India and used in ayurvedic medicine, Terminalia arjuna


ghana

> Javanese: ꦒꦤ (gana) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬖᬦ (gana)

Borrowed from Sanskrit घन (ghana, “compact mass or substance”).


tāra

Javanese: ꦠꦫ (tara)

→ Balinese: ᬢᬭᬵ (tara)

Borrowed from Sanskrit तारा (tārā, “star”).


rāga

From Pali राग (rāga, “attachment, lust”), from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “passion, desire”).


atithi

Borrowed from Sanskrit अतिथि (atithi, “guest”)


madhu

Javanese: ꦩꦢꦸ (madu)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬥᬸ (madu)


ajaran

Affixed ajar (“to teach”) + -an (“nominaliser”).


nadī

Javanese: ꦤꦢꦶ (nadi)

Borrowed from Sanskrit नदी (nadī, “river”).


durjana

> Javanese: ꦢꦸꦂꦗꦤ (durjana) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬤᬸᬃᬚᬦ (durjana)

Borrowed from Sanskrit दुर्जन (durjana, “malicious, evildoer”).


siddha

> Javanese: ꦱꦶꦢ (sida) (inherited)

>? Javanese: ꦱꦺꦢ (séda)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬶᬤ᭄ᬥ (sida)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिद्ध (siddha, “accomplished”).

siddha: one who has achieved a high degree of physical and spiritual development.


mālā

Borrowed from Sanskrit माला (mālā, “garland, wreath, crown; bead necklace, rosary”).


megha

Javanese: ꦩꦺꦒ (méga)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬾᬖ (mega)


rāja

> Javanese: ꦫꦗ (raja) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬭᬚ (raja)

Borrowed from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, sovereign, prince, chief”).


chāyā

> Javanese: ꦕꦃꦪ (cahya) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit छाया (chāyā, “shadow”).


bhaya

Javanese: ꦧꦪ (baya, “danger, hazard”)

→ Balinese: ᬪᬬ (baya, “danger, peril”)


bandhu

→ Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦝꦸ (bandhu)


ripta

desc

Javanese: ꦫꦶꦥ꧀ꦠ (ripta, “to compose, to write, to create”)

→ Balinese: ᬭᬶᬧ᭄ᬢ (ripta, “to compose, to write, to create”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit रिप्त (ripta, “smeared”).


cakra

Javanese: ꦕꦏꦿ (cakra)

→ Balinese: ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭ (cakra)

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्र (cakra), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos.


samaya

desc

Javanese: ꦱꦼꦩꦪ (semaya, “to postpone, to delay”)

→ Indonesian: sêmaya (“to postpone, to delay”)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬫᬬ (semaya, “agreement, alliance, fate”)


ādi

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦢꦶ (adi, “fine, beautiful”)
→ Malay: adi-
Indonesian: adi-

→ Balinese: ᬅᬥᬶ (“main, principal”)

→ Balinese: ᬆᬤᬶ (“first”)


waja

> Javanese: ꦮꦗ (waja) (inherited)

Unknown, probably
* from Sanskrit वाज (vāja, “strength”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wā́ȷ́as, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wā́ȷ́as, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“lively”).
* from Sauraseni Prakrit [script needed] (vajja), from Sanskrit वज्र (vajra, “thunderbolt”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“strong, lively”).


taruṇa

Javanese: ꦠꦫꦸꦤ (taruna), ꦠꦿꦸꦤ (truna)

Balinese: ᬢᬭᬸᬡ (taruna), ᬢ᭄ᬭᬸᬡ (truna)

Borrowed from Sanskrit तरुण (taruṇa, “young”).


ratha

Javanese: ꦫꦠ (rata)

→ Balinese: ᬭᬣ (rata)

Borrowed from Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”).


yuddha

> Javanese: ꦪꦸꦢ (yuda) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit युद्ध (yuddha, “war”).


dīpa

Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥ (dipa, “lamp”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit दीप (dīpa, “lamp, lantern; light”).


dīpa

Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥ (dipa, “island”)

→ Balinese: ᬥᬷᬧ (dipa, “island”)

Borrowed from Pali dīpa (“island”), from Sanskrit द्वीप (dvīpa). Doublet of dwīpa.


nastapa

> Javanese: ꦤꦱ꧀ꦠꦥ (nastapa) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मनस्ताप (manastāpa, “anguish, repentance”).


wiwi

Unknown, probably from New Prakrit [script needed] (bheṛī, “sheep”), from Sanskrit भेड्र (bheḍra, “ram”).


yuyu

Javanese: ꦪꦸꦪꦸ (yuyu)

→ Balinese: ᬬᬸᬬᬸ (yuyu)


babad

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajbaj, from Proto-Austronesian *bajbaj (“loosen, untie, unwrap; unravel; to clear forest”), *-baj (“unravel, untie”).


pāti

Borrowed from Sanskrit पात (pāta, “death”).


nyū

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.


hantiga

Affixed tiga (“three”) + (m)aN-. Probably a taboo-motivated lexical replacement of hantĕlu (“egg”) as tiga (“three”) and tĕlu (“three”).


cĕcĕk

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual


lĕmu

Javanese: ꦊꦩꦸ (lemu)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lemu (“weak, frail; gentle”).


śāla

Javanese: ꦱꦭ (sala)


weśma

Javanese: ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦩ (wisma)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬯᬾᬰ᭄ᬫ (wésma), ᬯᬶᬰ᭄ᬫ (wisma)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वेश्मन् (veśman, “palace, abode, house”).


ĕṇḍog

Javanese: ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀ (endhog)

→ Balinese: ᬳᭂᬡ᭄ᬟᭀᬕ᭄ (endog)

→ Sundanese: ᮈᮔ᮪ᮓᮧᮌ᮪ (endog)


pajudyan

Affixed judi (“gambling, betting; gambler”) + pa- -N.


hantĕlu

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCeluR.
Compare Malay telur.


umah

Javanese: ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃ (omah)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq.


aṇḍa

→ Balinese: ᬅᬡ᭄ᬥ (anda, “egg”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अण्ड (aṇḍa, “egg”).


aṇḍa

> Javanese: ꦲꦤ꧀ꦝ (andha) (inherited)

Unknown, probably inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋga (“rung of a ladder; runged ladder”).


jajaka

Javanese: jejaka


botoh

desctree

> Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦃ (botoh) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: botoh

>? Javanese: ꦧꦸꦠꦸꦃ (butuh) (see there for further descendants)


dilah

Javanese: ꦢꦶꦭꦃ (dilah, “lamp; lantern”)
→ Malay: dilah (“lamp; lantern”)
Indonesian: dilah (“lamp; lantern”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”) (compare to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilat, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilap (“to lick”)), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”).


göṅ

Unknown, probably Proto-Mon-Khmer *gluŋ (“much, many”) or *ɟoŋ (“long, high”).


toya

desctree

> Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦪ (toya) (inherited)
→ Musi: (bebaso) toya

→ Balinese: ᬢᭀᬬ (toya)

Borrowed from Sanskrit तोय (toya, “water”).


kalapa

Javanese: ꦏ꧀ꦭꦥ (klapa, “coconut”)

Probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *k-al-aqpaq (compare Indonesian pelepah from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palaqpaq, reconstructed from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *p-al-aqpaq). Cognate of Indonesian kelapa and Sundanese ᮊᮜᮕ (kalapa).


usuk

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (usuk)
→ Indonesian: usuk
→ Sundanese: usuk

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀusuk, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀusuk (“ribcage”).


kidul

> Javanese: ꦏꦶꦢꦸꦭ꧀ (kidul) (inherited)


wintaṅ

desc

> Javanese: ꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦁ (lintang) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituqən, from Proto-Austronesian *bituqən.


kweh

Unknown, probably affixed weh (“gift”) + ka-.


sahur

> Javanese: ꦱꦲꦸꦂ (saur) (inherited)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saRut (“answer, reply”).


iwak

Javanese: ꦲꦶꦮꦏ꧀ (iwak)


upacara

Alternative spelling of cara, pacara, upacara, upacāra


tön

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cuun (“to desire”) (Doublet of suhun).


śarīra

desctree

Javanese: ꦱꦫꦶꦫ (sarira), ꦯꦫꦷꦫ, ꦱꦭꦶꦫ (salira), ꦱ꧀ꦭꦶꦫ (slira)
→ Indonesian: sarira

desc

→ Balinese: ᬰᬭᬷᬭ (sarira), ᬰ᭄ᬭᬷᬭ (srira)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”).


catu

> Javanese: ꦕꦠꦸ (catu) (inherited)

→ Indonesian: catu

Unknown, probably from Tamil சத்து (cattu, “flour”), from Sanskrit सक्तु (saktu, “coarsely ground meal”).


lurah

desctree

Javanese: ꦭꦸꦫꦃ (lurah, “village chief, chief”)
→ Indonesian: lurah (semantic loan)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬮᬸᬭᬄ (lurah, “chief, leader, ruler”)


wunga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, compare Malay bunga.


wiku

desctree

> Javanese: ꦮꦶꦏꦸ (wiku) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: wiku

→ Balinese: ᬯᬶᬓᬸ (wiku)

Borrowed from Pali bhikkhu (“beggar, Buddhist monk”), from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣú, “mendicant”). Doublet of biku.

bor+

monk, nun, ascetic, anchorite or anchoress, hermit


tiwas

> Javanese: ꦠꦶꦮꦱ꧀ (tiwas) (inherited)


tapak

> Javanese: ꦠꦥꦏ꧀ (tapak) (inherited)


dāra

Borrowed from Sanskrit दार (dāra, “wife”).


bubur

Javanese: ꦧꦸꦧꦸꦂ (bubur, “porridge”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀbuʀ.


ngaran

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋajan, from Proto-Austronesian *ŋajan.


guṇa

Javanese: ꦒꦸꦤ (guna)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬸᬡ (guna)

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “single thread of a cord; -fold, times; subdivision, species, kind, quality, attribute, property; constituent of Prakṛti; property or characteristic of all created things”).


löm

> Javanese: ꦭꦸꦩ꧀ (lum) (inherited)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂ʔum, *t₂ʔuum (“rotten”).


untu

Alternative spelling of huntu, untu, wuntu (“tooth”)


makuṭa

> Javanese: ꦩꦏꦸꦛ (makutha) (inherited)

Borrowed from Pali makuṭa (“crest, crown, coronet”).


pāda

Javanese: ꦥꦢ (pada)

→ Balinese: ᬧᬵᬤ (pada)

Borrowed from Sanskrit पाद (pāda, “foot; line, verse”).


pāda

Javanese: ꦥꦢ (pada)


jinah

→ Balinese: ᬚᬶᬦᬄ (jinah)


kāla

Javanese: ꦏꦭ (kala, “time; season”)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬮ (kala, “time; season”)

a fixed or right point of time, a space of time

destiny, fate: as leading to events, the causes of which are imperceptible to the mind of man


kāla

Unknown, probably similar to Etymology 1.


wacana

desctree

> Javanese: ꦮꦕꦤ (wacana) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: wacana
→ Malay: wacana

→ Balinese: ᬯᬘᬦ (wacana)


mātā

Borrowed from Sanskrit माता (mātā, “mother”).


āhāra

desc

→ Indonesian: hara (“nutrient”) (learned)

Borrowed from Sanskrit आहार (āhāra, “food”).


dhātu

→ Balinese: ᬥᬵᬢᬸ (datu)


meru

Javanese: ꦩꦺꦫꦸ (méru)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬾᬭᬸ (meru)

pagoda-like building in the temple compound.


jāti

Borrowed from Pali jāti, from Sanskrit जाति (jāti).


jāti

Borrowed from Sanskrit जाति (jāti, “royal Jasmine; nutmeg”). Doublet of jati (“teak”).


kasur

desctree

> Javanese: ꦏꦱꦸꦂ (kasur) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: kasur

→ Sundanese: ᮊᮞᮥᮁ (kasur)

mattress (a pad on which a person can recline and sleep)


uttara

→ Balinese: ᬉᬢ᭄ᬢᬭ (utara, “north”)


bheda

Javanese: ꦧꦺꦢ (béda)

→ Balinese: ᬪᬾᬤ → ᬩᬾᬤ (beda)

Borrowed from Sanskrit भेद (bheda, “separation, division, partition, part, portion”).

bor

difference, separation, division, partition


awara

Borrowed from Sanskrit वर (vara, “enclosing, circumference”)


caraṇa

> Javanese: ꦕꦫꦤ (carana) (inherited)


aṅga

desc

Javanese: ꦲꦁꦒ (angga, “body; bundles of newly harvested rice”)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬗ᭄ᬕ (angga, “body; member”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अङ्ग (aṅga, “a limb of the body; the body”).


barah

Javanese: ꦧꦫꦃ (barah)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬭᬄ (barah)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀəq (“abscess, boil, swelling on the body”).


paṇḍita

desctree

Javanese: ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦠ (pandhita)
→ Indonesian: pandita
→ Malay: pendeta
Indonesian: pendeta

→ Balinese: ᬧᬡ᭄ᬟᬶᬢ (pandita)

From Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, “scholar”). Doublet of paṇḍe.


adhipati

Javanese: ꦲꦢꦶꦥꦠꦶ (adipati)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अधिपति (adhipati, “lord; king; master, owner”).


nāyaka

desctree

Javanese: ꦤꦪꦏ (nayaka, “leader, adviser, minister”)
→ Malay: nayaka (“minister”)
Indonesian: nayaka (“minister”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit नायक (nāyaka, “guide, leader, chief, lord, principal”).


nātha

→ Balinese: ᬦᬵᬣ (nata)

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाथ (nātha), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃neh₂- (“to help, support”).


āsana

Javanese: ꦱꦤ (sana), ꦱꦱꦤ (sasana)

→ Balinese: ᬆᬲᬦ (asana, “posture”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit आसन (āsana, “seat, chair”)


indra

desctree

Javanese: ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (Indra)
→ Indonesian: Indra (semantic loan)

→ Balinese: ᬇᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (Indra, indra)


sakti

Borrowed from Sanskrit सक्ति (sakti, “attachment; addiction”).


curiga

Javanese: ꦕꦸꦫꦶꦒ (curiga, “kris”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit छुरिका (churikā, “knive”).


kuwu

desctree

Javanese: ꦏꦸꦮꦸ (kuwu, “village head; village messenger; to camp”)
→ Indonesian: kuwu (“village head”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kubu (“field hut in the rice fields”).

inh+

administrative division under a kuwu, akuwu


maṇi

Javanese: ꦩꦤꦶꦏ꧀ (manik)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬡᬷᬓ᭄ (manik)


nīti

Borrowed from Sanskrit नीति (nīti, “leading; behavior; policy, ethics”).


gāgā

→ Balinese: ᬕᬵᬕᬵ (gaga, “crow”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gakgak (“caw, as a crow; raucous talking of people”), probably onomatopoeic.


bhoga

desctree

> Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦒ (boga) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: boga

Borrowed from Sanskrit भोग (bhoga, “eating”).


tutur

> Javanese: ꦠꦸꦠꦸꦂ (tutur) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutur (“to speak clearly and deliberately”).

inh+

holy tradition, smṛti, religious doctrine


upāya

desc

> Javanese: ꦲꦸꦥꦪ (upaya), ꦲꦸꦥꦢꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (upados) (inherited)


gaṇa

> Javanese: ꦒꦤ (gana) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬡ (gana)

Borrowed from Sanskrit गण (gaṇa, “flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class (of animate or inanimate beings), body of followers or attendants”).


galuh

Javanese: ꦒꦭꦸꦃ (galuh)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬮᬸᬄ (galuh)

Borrowed from Sanskrit गलू (galū, “gem”).


cāra

> Javanese: ꦕꦫ (cara) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit चार (cāra, “travelling; bait, trap”).


cāra

Alternative spelling of cara, cāra, ācāra


surā

> Javanese: ꦱꦸꦫ (sura) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬸᬭᬵ (sura)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सुरा (surā, “wine, spirituous liquor”).


kusuma

desctree

> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩ (kusuma) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: kusuma

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुसुम (kusuma, “flower, blossom, bud”).


saṅga

Borrowed from Sanskrit सङ्ग (saṅga, “attachment; contact; confluence; union; joining”).


swarga

desc

> Javanese: ꦱ꧀ꦮꦂꦒ (swarga), ꦱ꧀ꦮꦂꦒꦶ (swargi) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वर्ग (swarga, “heaven”).


swara

desc

Javanese: ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ (swara), ꦱꦾꦫ (syara), ꦱꦸꦮꦫ (suwara)

→ Balinese: ᬲ᭄ᬯᬭ (suara)

>? Javanese: ꦱꦿꦮ (srawa)

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वर (svara). Doublet of sora.


ꦧꦭ

Borrowed from Sanskrit बल (bala, “power, strength”).


ꦢꦫ

Alternative spelling of dara (“dove; pigeon”)


ꦫꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴ

head

ꦫꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴ (roto)

kaw-noun

ꦫꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴ (roto)


ꦮꦫꦶꦫꦁ

Alternative spelling of ꦮꦭꦶꦫꦁ (walirang)


waliraṅ

desc

Javanese: wlirang, walirang, welirang, lirang

→ Malay: welirang

→ Sundanese: ᮝᮜᮤᮛᮀ (walirang)

→ Taliabu: walirang

→ Wolio: walira


darā

> Javanese: ꦢꦫ (dara) (inherited)

>? Malay: dara

> Indonesian: dara (inherited)

Unknown, probably inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daRaq (“blood”) (doublet of rah, rāh (“blood”)), from Proto-Austronesian *-Raq (“red”), which refers to red collared doves or red turtle doves (Streptopelia tranquebarica). Doublet of harawa and kaḍawa.


gĕni

→ Javanese: ꦒꦼꦤꦶ (geni)

→ Balinese: ᬕᭂᬦᬶ (geni)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अग्नि (agni, “fire”).


ꦮꦤ

From Sanskrit वन (vana, “forest, grove, thicket”).


gĕḍe

desctree

Javanese: ꦒꦼꦝꦺ (gedhé)
→ Betawi: gede
→ Indonesian: gede
→ Musi: (bebaso) gede

→ Sundanese: gedé

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *daiŋ, *daŋ, *diŋ, *diiŋ, *dəəŋ (“large”). Compare Minangkabau gadang.


wĕṅi

Javanese: wengi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀŋi. Cognate with Sundanese ᮝᮨᮍᮤ (wengi), Maori pō, and Hawaiian pō.


dintĕn

desctree

> Javanese: ꦢꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (dinten) (inherited)
→ Musi: (bebaso) dinten
→ Sundanese: ᮓᮤᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪ (dinten)

desc

> Javanese: ꦫꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (rinten) (inherited)


ꦨꦺꦢ

Borrowed from Sanskrit भेद (bheda, “separation, division, partition, part, portion”).


ꦢꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀

head

ꦢꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (dinten)

kaw-noun

ꦢꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (dinten)


dhara

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर (dhara, “holding”).


swatantra

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वतन्त्र (svatantra).


stawa

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्तव (stava, “praise”).


wahana

Alternative spelling of wāhana (“vehicle, conveyance”)


gaṅgā

Borrowed from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā, “Ganges”).


wastra

desctree

Javanese: ꦮꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ (wastra, “clothing, garment”)
→ Indonesian: wastra (“traditional fabrics”)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (wastra, “clothes, clothing, cloth”)
→ Indonesian: wastra (“traditional fabrics”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वस्त्र (vastra, “clothing, garment”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wástram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wástram, from Proto-Indo-European *wéstrom, *wes- (“to wear”).


hurang

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦫꦁ (urang)

from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ.


acala

Javanese: ꦲꦕꦭ (acala)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अचल (acala, “immovable”, literally “mountain, rock”).


wāni

> Javanese: ꦮꦤꦶ (wani) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀani (“to be brave, be bold; to dare”).


huwan

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦮꦤ꧀ (uwan)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quban, from Proto-Austronesian *qubaN.


jawawut

desc

> Javanese: ꦗꦼꦮꦮꦸꦠ꧀ (jewawut), ꦗꦸꦮꦮꦸꦠ꧀ (juwawut) (inherited)


warak

Javanese: ꦮꦫꦏ꧀ (warak)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬭᬓ᭄ (warak)

Probably from Proto-Austroasiatic (compare to Proto-Bahnaric *-rok (“cow, ox”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuk (“ox”)).
Doublet of wadak (“wild buffalo”).


hasti

> Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (asti) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit हस्ती, हस्तिन् (hastī, hastin, “elephant”).

bor+

हस्ती, हस्तिन्


dahana

> Javanese: ꦢꦲꦤ (dahana) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit दहन (dahana, “burning”).


jalu

desctree

Javanese: ꦗꦭꦸ (jalu, “spur”)
→ Indonesian: jalu (“spur”)

desc

→ Sundanese: ᮏᮜᮥ (jalu, “male (animal)”)

Probably Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baluN (“bind, bundle”). .


ākāra

> Javanese: ꦲꦏꦫ (akara) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit आकार (ākāra, “shape; form; size; figure”).

bor+

form, appearance, aspect. It is also used where there is no question of a physically perceptible form, in the wider sense of ``state. See also .

to the number of, at the time of, for the length of, at a distance of


tantri

desctree

Javanese: ꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (tantri)
→ Indonesian: tantri

Borrowed from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra, “a class of works teaching magical and mystical formularies”). Doublet of tantra


bhūta

Borrowed from Sanskrit भूत (bhūta, “demon”).


liṅga

> Javanese: ꦭꦶꦁꦒ (lingga) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬮᬶᬗ᭄ᬕ (lingga)

image of a god; central object of worship


bāhu

Javanese: ꦧꦲꦸ (bahu, “arm”)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬵᬳᬸ (bahu), ᬩᬳᬸ (bahu)

Borrowed from Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu, “arm”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *baHźʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”).


marus

desctree

> Javanese: ꦩꦫꦸꦱ꧀ (marus) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: marus

Unknown, probably affixed arus, harus (“current, tidal rip, breaker”) + (m)aN-.


raṇa

desc

Javanese: ꦫꦤ (rana, “battle; battlefield”)

→ Balinese: ᬭᬡ (rana, “battlefield”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit रण (raṇa, “war, battle”).


dāsa

> Javanese: ꦢꦱ (dasa) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬤᬵᬲ (dasa)


dāsa

Alternative spelling of dāśa (“fisherman, ferryman”)


mīna

> Javanese: ꦩꦶꦤ (mina) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मीन (mīna, “fish”).


jajahan

Javanese: ꦗꦗꦲꦤ꧀ (jajahan)


kasturi

desc

> Javanese: ꦏꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦫꦶ (kasturi) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk; castoreum”).


jampi

Javanese: ꦗꦩ꧀ꦥꦶ (jampi)


lawuh

Javanese: ꦭꦮꦸꦃ (lawuh)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahuk (“mixed, as foods”).


wulan

desctree

Javanese: ꦮꦸꦭꦤ꧀ (wulan)
→ Indonesian: wulan

→ Balinese: ᬯᬸᬮᬦ᭄ (wulan)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, compare Malay bulan.


taksaka

Javanese: ꦠꦏ꧀ꦱꦏ (taksaka)
→ Indonesian: taksaka


bubuk

Javanese: bubuk

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukbuk (“weevil that infests wood, bamboo, and rice; dust produced by the boring of this insect”).


windu

desctree

Javanese: ꦮꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ (windu, “a period of eight (Javanese) years”)
→ Indonesian: windu (“eight years”)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬯᬶᬦ᭄ᬤᬸ (windu, “zero; dot, period, point”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit विन्दु (vindu), a variant of बिन्दु (bindu, “drop, point”).


liḍah

Javanese: ꦭꦶꦝꦃ (lidhah, “tongue”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”). Cognate of Indonesian lidah (“tongue”).


kuṭa

> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦛ (kutha), ꦏꦶꦛ (kitha) (inherited)

desctree

→ Balinese: ᬓᬹᬝ (kuta, “city”)
→ English: Kuta

From Sanskrit कुट (kuṭa, “stronghold; fort”).


rontal

desc

> Javanese: ꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦭ꧀ (rontal) (inherited)

desctree

> Javanese: ꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦂ (lontar) (inherited)
→ English: lontar
→ Indonesian: lontar


susun

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *susuN (“to stack up”).


pasuk

> Javanese: ꦥꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (pasuk) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *pasuk (“enter”).


carik

Unknown, probably from Proto-Austroasiatic (compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *crak, *criək (“to incise, to engrave”)).


carik

desctree

Javanese: ꦕꦫꦶꦏ꧀ (carik)
→ Indonesian: carik (“secretary, clerk”)

→ Balinese: ᬘᬭᬶᬓ᭄ (carik)


pitā

> Javanese: ꦥꦶꦠ (pita) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit पिता (pitā, “father”), the nominative form of पितृ (pitṛ, “father”).


jurit

desctree

> Javanese: ꦗꦸꦫꦶꦠ꧀ (jurit) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: jurit


prajurit

> Javanese: ꦥꦿꦗꦸꦫꦶꦠ꧀ (prajurit) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: prajurit


buruh

→ Old Malay: vuruh (“workmen”)

Malay: buruh

desc

Indonesian: buruh (“laborer, labourer, worker”)

Unknown, probably related to wuruh, uruh (“young man”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruh, *ruuh (“young girl, virgin”).


tātar

Unknown, probably Old Javanese tātar, tātā.


śila

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिला (śilā, “gathering stalks; ears of corn; gleaning”).


mārga

desctree

Javanese: ꦩꦂꦒꦶ (margi), ꦩꦼꦂꦒ (merga), ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ (mergi), ꦩꦂꦒ (marga)
→ Indonesian: marga (semantic loan)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬵᬃᬕ (marga)

From Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “way, road, route, path”).


banaspati

desctree

Javanese: ꦧꦤꦱ꧀ꦥꦠꦶ (banaspati, “fire-demon”)
→ Indonesian: banaspati

desc

→ Balinese: ᬩᬦᬲ᭄ᬧᬢᬶ (banaspati, “a lord of demon”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वनस्पति (vanaspati, “name of a gandharvī”).


pīta

> Javanese: ꦥꦶꦠ (pita) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit पीत (pīta, “yellow”).


jariji

Javanese: ꦢꦿꦶꦗꦶ (driji)


prada

Javanese: ꦥꦿꦢ (prada)

→ Balinese: ᬧ᭄ᬭᬤ (prada)

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रद (prada, “giving, bestowing”).


luwak

desctree

Javanese: ꦭꦸꦮꦏ꧀ (luwak, “Asian palm civet, toddy cat”)
→ Indonesian: luak (“Asian palm civet, toddy cat”)

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus#Translingual

Asian palm civet, toddy cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).


wuni

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buni, compare Malay sembunyi.


wuni

Javanese: ꦮꦸꦤꦶ (wuni)

Cognate of Indonesian buni, Tagalog bignay.


wuni

Alternative spelling of uni (“sound, voice; content”)


watuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batuk, compare Malay batuk.


winih

Javanese: ꦮꦶꦤꦶꦃ (winih)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binəhiq, from Proto-Austronesian *binəSiq. Compare Malay benih and Tagalog binhi.


luhur

Javanese: ꦭꦸꦲꦸꦂ (luhur)


lalĕr

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laləj, compare Malay lalat.


hirung

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, compare Malay hidung.


lĕnga

Javanese: ꦊꦔ (lenga)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *leŋa.


puṇḍak

Javanese: ꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ (pundhak)


wuyah

> Javanese: ꦲꦸꦪꦃ (uyah) (inherited)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓɔɔh (“salt”).


layu

desc

Javanese: ꦭꦪꦸ (layu, “to wither, to fade”)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *layu (“wither, wilt”).


layu

desc

Javanese: ꦭꦪꦸ (layu, “pennant, streamer”)


jro

Javanese: ꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴ (jero)

desctree

→ Balinese: ᬚᭂᬭᭀ (jero)
→ Indonesian: jero

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *rɟuh, *ɟruh, *ɟruuʔ (“deep”). Compare to Javanese ꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴ (jero, “inside”), Semai jereeq (“deep”), Temiar jeruk, Khmer ជ្រៅ (crɨw, “deep, profound”), Vietnamese sâu.


laṇḍĕp

Javanese: ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦥ꧀ (landhep)

→ Balinese: ᬮᬡ᭄ᬟᭂᬧ᭄ (landep)

→ Banjarese: landap

Compare to landĕp (“the name of a wuku; (thorny) plant”), and laṇḍap (“sharpness”).


pĕtĕng

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pətəŋ. Doublet of pĕtaṅ.


akṣara

> Javanese: ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫ (aksara) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ (aksara)


tṛṣṇa

desctree

Javanese: ꦠꦽꦰ꧀ꦟ → ꦠꦽꦱ꧀ꦤ (tresna, “love”)
→ Indonesian: tresna (“love”)

→ Balinese: ᬢᬺᬱ᭄ᬡ (tresna, “love”)


paṇḍe

Javanese: ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦺ (pandhé)

→ Malay: pandai
Indonesian: pandai
Sabah Malay: pandai
→ Cantonese: 扮𠮨 (baan6 naai3)
→ Cebuano: panday
→ Maranao: panday
→ Semai: panèy
→ Tagalog: panday

From Prakrit paṁḍia, from Sanskrit पाण्ड्यः (pāṇḍyaḥ, “best of the learned”), पाण्डित्य (pāṇḍitya, “cleverness”) or पण्डित (paṇḍita). Doublet of paṇḍita.


adĕg

desctree

> Javanese: ꦲꦗꦼꦒ꧀ (ajeg) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: ajek

Javanese: ꦲꦢꦼꦒ꧀ (adeg)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬤᭂᬕ᭄ (adeg), ᬳᬚᭂᬕ᭄ (ajeg)

→ Sundanese: ᮃᮏᮨᮌ᮪ (ajeg)

Unknown, probably affixed *dĕg + a-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-zeg (“stand erect”).


samādhi

Javanese: ꦱꦩꦢꦶ (samadi) → ꦱꦼꦩꦢꦶ (semadi) → ꦱꦼꦩꦼꦢꦶ (semedi)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬫᬵᬥᬶ (semadi)

From Sanskrit समाधि (samādhi, “concentration, tomb”).

samadhi: concentration of the thoughts, profound or abstract meditation, intense contemplation of any particular object.


wĕtĕng

From *beteng, compare Sundanese beuteung.


śiṣya

Javanese: ꦱꦶꦱꦾ (sisya)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬰᬶᬱ᭄ᬬ (sisia), ᬲᬶᬲ᭄ᬬ (sisia)


oṣadha

Alternative spelling of uṣadha (“medicine”)


bhūpati

Javanese: ꦨꦹꦥꦠꦶ → ꦧꦸꦥꦠꦶ (bupati)
→ Indonesian: bupati

→ Balinese: ᬪᬹᬧᬢᬶ (bupati)

From Sanskrit भूपति (bhūpati), भूमिपति (bhūmipati), compound of भूमि (bhūmi, “land”) + पति (pati, “lord”).


ācāra

Javanese: ꦲꦕꦫ (acara), ꦕꦫ (cara)

→ Balinese: ᬆᬘᬵᬭ (acara), ᬘᬭ (cara)

desctree

>? Malay: cara
> Indonesian: cara (inherited)
> Peranakan Indonesian: tjara (inherited)


kĕbo

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Cognate with Halang kơpùa, Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ), Malay kerbau, Tagalog kalabaw, Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy)


parahu

> Javanese: ꦥꦿꦲꦸ (prau) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬧ᭄ᬭᬳᬸ (prahu)

→ Classical Malay: ڤراهو (pĕrahu)

desctree

Malay: perahu, perau
Indonesian: perahu
→ Min Nan: 婆荖 (pô͘-láu)

Malay: perau
→ Portuguese: parão
→ English: proa, parao, perahu, prahu, prau, prow
→ Dutch: prauw

→ Acehnese: peurahö, prahö

→ Sundanese: ᮕᮛᮠᮥ (parahu)

→ Toba Batak: ᯇᯒᯥ

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀaqu.


uṣadha

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦱꦢ (usada)
→ Indonesian: usada

→ Balinese: ᬉᬱᬥ (usada)


āgama

Javanese: ꦲꦒꦩ (agama)

→ Balinese: ᬆᬕᬫ (agama, “religion”)

From Sanskrit आगम (āgama, “a traditional doctrine or precept”).

der

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


artha

> Javanese: ꦄꦂꦛ (inherited) → ꦲꦂꦠ (arta)

→ Indonesian: arta

→ Balinese: ᬅᬃᬣ (arta)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha, “wealth”). Doublet of arthi (“explanation, meaning”).


kĕmbar

Javanese: ꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦂ (kembar)

Ultimately from Austroasiatic (cf. Proto-Aslian *kəmbaar).


wayah

Javanese: ꦮꦪꦃ (wayah, “time”)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬯᬬᬄ (wayah, “old; grandfather”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “age”).


wwang

desctree

> Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦁ (bong, “attendant”), ꦮꦺꦴꦁ (wong, “man, people”) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: bong (“traditional circumcision attendant”)
→ Indonesian: wong (“human, person”)

→ Balinese: ᬯᭀᬂ (wong, “people”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀaŋ (“outsider”), from Proto-Austronesian *Cau. Compare Malay orang.


wĕdi

Javanese: ꦮꦼꦢꦶ (wedi)

→ Balinese: ᬯᭂᬤᬶ (wedi)


jruk

Javanese: ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀ (jeruk)
Banyumasan: jeruk
→ Malay: jeruk
Indonesian: jeruk
→ Tagalog: dalok

desc

→ Balinese: ᬚᭂᬭᬸᬓ᭄ (jeruk), ᬚᬸᬳᬸᬓ᭄ (juuk), ᬚᬸᬯᬸᬓ᭄ (juwuk)

→ Sundanese: ᮏᮨᮛᮥᮊ᮪ (jeruk)

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ *kruəc (“citrus”), compare Khmer ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus fruit, orange”), Thai กรูด (grùut).


hangĕt

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaŋət.


lĕmah

desctree

Javanese: ꦊꦩꦃ (lemah)
→ Indonesian: lemah

→ Balinese: ᬍᬫᬄ (lemah)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *sləmʔ (“discoloured”) (compare Vietnamese lấm (“be soiled, be smeared (by mud or dirt)”)).


harĕp

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of haḍĕp, aḍĕp.


isuk

Javanese: ꦲꦺꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (ésuk), ꦲꦶꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (isuk)

desctree

→ Malay: esok
Indonesian: esok
→ Minangkabau: isuak


hotot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat uʀat, reduplication of *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC.


kĕbwan

Javanese: ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (kebon)
→ Banjarese: kebon (kota)
→ Dutch: kebon
→ Peranakan Indonesian: kebon

→ Balinese: ᬓᭂᬩᭀᬦ᭄ (kebon)

→ Malay: kebun
Indonesian: kebun
→ Banjarese: kabun (hulu)
→ Minangkabau: kabun

Affixed form of bwah, wwah (“fruit”) + ka- + -an.


gĕtih

Javanese: ꦒꦼꦠꦶꦃ (getih)

→ Balinese: ᬕᭂᬢᬶᬄ (getih)

→ Sundanese: ᮌᮨᮒᮤᮂ (getih)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gətəq (“sap, gummy secretion”), *-təq (“sap, gummy secretion”).


hurip

desctree

> Javanese: ꦲꦸꦫꦶꦥ꧀ (urip) (inherited)
→ Malay: urip
→ Indonesian: urip (“to live”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudip.


hĕnu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qenuʀ, compare Western Bukidnon Manobo enug.


hĕni

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qenay, compare Hawaiian one.


śaśi

Javanese: ꦱꦱꦶ (sasi)
→ Indonesian: sasi

→ Balinese: ᬰᬰᬶ (sasi)

From Sanskrit शशि (śaśi, “containing a hare, moon”). Here, "containing" refers to "resembling", since the moon's apparent color is similar to that of a hare.


pramukha

desctree

Javanese: ꦥꦿꦩꦸꦏ (pramuka)
→ Indonesian: pramuka (“scout”)

From Sanskrit प्रमुख (pramukha, “chief, respectable man, sage”).


sĕmbah

desctree

Javanese: ꦱꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ (sembah)
→? Malay: sembah
Indonesian: sembah
→ Cebuano: simba
→? Makasar: somba
→ Maranao: simba
→ Min Nan: 占巴
→ Tagalog: samba
→? Toba Batak: somba
→ Urak Lawoi': ซือมัฮ (semah)

→ Balinese: ᬲᭂᬫ᭄ᬩᬄ (sembah)

Compare Old Khmer saṃbaḥ ~ sambaḥ; whence Khmer សំពះ (sɑmpĕəh).


tĕkĕn

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *teken, compare Maranao teken.


tawwan

→ Javanese: ꦠꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (tawon)
→ Indonesian: tawon (“wasp”)


tĕngah

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋaq, compare Malay tengah.


nwam

Unknown, probably Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɲum (“young”).


baluṅ

Javanese: ꦧꦭꦸꦁ (balung)


kaluṅ

Javanese: kalung
→ Malay: kalung
Indonesian: kalung


tĕmu

Javanese: ꦠꦼꦩꦸ (temu, “to meet”).

→ Balinese: ᬢᭂᬫᬸ (temu, “to meet”).

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁mu, *t₁muj, *t₁muəj (“guest, visitor”). Compare to Old Javanese tamu (“guest, visitor”).


tĕmu

Javanese: ꦠꦼꦩꦸ (temu, “ginger root”).

→ Indonesian: temu

Balinese: ᬢᭂᬫᬸ (temu, “ginger root”).

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamu₂ (“turmeric”).


ḍaḍa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahdah, compare Malay dada.


walakaṅ

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balakaŋ, compare Malay belakang.


lawaṅ

> Javanese: ꦭꦮꦁ (lawang) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawaŋ (“door, gate, passageway”).


wayaṅ

desctree

Javanese: ꦮꦪꦁ (wayang)
→ Dutch: wajang
→ English: wajang
→ English: wayang
→ Indonesian: wayang
→ Madurese: bâjâng
→ Malay: wayang
→ Hokkien: 花英 (hoa-iaⁿ) (?)
→ Peranakan Indonesian: wajang


wangke

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkay, compare Malay bangkai.


watĕs

Javanese: ꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀ (wates)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batəs. Cognate of Malay batas.


wanwa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, compare Malay benua.


kaṇḍa

Javanese: ꦏꦤ꧀ꦝ (kandha)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬡ᭄ᬟ (kanda)


wĕtis

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bities, compare Malay betis.


wĕhaṅ

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀekaŋ, compare Malay rahang.


wĕkas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bekas, compare Malay bekas.


wilaṅ

From Proto-Austronesian *bilaŋ, compare Malay bilang.


wungkuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkuk, compare Indonesian bungkuk.


wukir

Javanese: ꦮꦸꦏꦶꦂ (wukir)

→ Balinese: ᬉᬓᬶᬃ (ukir)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukij. Compare Cebuano bukid and Malay bukit.


wuduk

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀ (uduk), ꦮꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀ (wuduk)
→ Betawi: uduk
→ Indonesian: uduk


harĕṅ

Javanese: ꦲꦉꦁ (areng, “charcoal”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qajeŋ, compare Malay arang.


tuwuh

desc

Javanese: ꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃ (tuwuh, “sprout; descendant; grow”)

→ Balinese: ᬢᬸᬳᬸᬄ (tuuh, “growth, age; stature; live”)

→ Balinese: ᬢᬸᬯᬸᬄ (tuwuh, “growth, age”)

desctree

→ Malay: tubuh (“body”)
Indonesian: tubuh

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubuq, compare Malay tumbuh.


sabhā

Javanese: ꦱꦧ (saba), ꦱꦺꦧ (séba)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬪᬵ (saba)


karuṇā

Borrowed from Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā, “pity, compassion”).


dilat

Javanese: ꦢꦶꦭꦠ꧀ (dilat, “to lick”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”) (compare to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilat, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilap (“to lick”)), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”). Doublet of dilah, hilat, and ilat.


sākṣī

Javanese: ꦱꦏ꧀ꦱꦶ (saksi)

Javanese: ꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦱꦶ (seksi)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬓ᭄ᬱᬷ (saksi)

From Sanskrit साक्षी (sākṣī), masculine nominative singular form of साक्षिन् (sākṣin, “witness”).


wiwāha

Javanese: ꦮꦶꦮꦲ (wiwaha)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬶᬯᬵᬳ
→ Indonesian: wiwaha

From Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha, “marriage, wedding”).


pūrṇama

Javanese: ꦥꦸꦂꦤꦩ (purnama)

→ Balinese: ᬧᬹᬃᬡᬫ (purnama)


sūrya

Javanese: ꦱꦸꦂꦪ (surya), ꦱꦺꦴꦂꦪ (sorya)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬹᬃᬬ (surya)


warṣa

desctree

Javanese: ꦮꦂꦱ (warsa)
→ Indonesian: warsa

→ Balinese: ᬯᬃᬱ (warsa)


upacāra

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦥꦕꦫ (upacara)

→ Balinese: ᬉᬧᬘᬵᬭ


sru

desc

> Javanese: ꦱꦿꦸ (sru), ꦱꦼꦫꦸ (seru), ꦱꦼꦫꦺꦴ (sero) (inherited)

Unknown, probably *ru + s-, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuk, *ruk (“to force in, to cram in”).


wĕas

Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (wos)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas (“husked rice”).


sāgara

desc

Javanese: ꦱꦒꦫ (sagara, ngoko), ꦱꦼꦒꦫ (segara)

Javanese: ꦱꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (saganten, krama), ꦱꦼꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (seganten)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬕᬭ (sagara, segara), ᬲᬕᬭ (sagara)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सागर (sāgara, “ocean”).


sungut

Javanese: ꦱꦸꦔꦸꦠ꧀ (sungut)

antenna, feeler (insect, shrimp), tendril


nūsāntara

desctree

Javanese: ꦤꦸꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦫ (Nusantara), ꦤꦸꦱ꧀ꦮꦤ꧀ꦠꦫ (Nuswantara)
Banyumasan: Nusantara
→ Dutch: Nusantara (learned)
→ English: Nusantara (learned)
→ Indonesian: Nusantara
→ Malay: Nusantara

Osing: Nusantara

Tengger: Nusantara

→ Balinese: ᬦᬹᬲᬵᬦ᭄ᬢᬭ (Nusantara)

→ Sundanese: ᮔᮥᮞᮔ᮪ᮒᮛ (Nusantara)

Compound of nūsa (“island”) + antara (“interval, interspace; other, another, different”).

com+

the outer islands (from Java island perspective); these islands or achipelagic region later known as Indonesia in modern-day.


wṛhaspati

desc

Javanese: ꦮꦼꦂꦲꦱ꧀ꦥꦠꦶ (werhaspati), ꦉꦱ꧀ꦥꦠꦶ (respati)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬺᬲ᭄ᬧᬢᬶ (wrespati)


warah-warah

desctree

Javanese: ꦮꦫꦮꦫ (warawara)
→ Indonesian: wara-wara (“announcement”)
→ Indonesian: wewara (“announcement”)

Balinese: ᬯᬭᬳ᭄ᬯᬭᬄ (warah-warah)


cêmani

Balinese: ᬘᭂᬫᬦᬶ (cêmani)

Javanese: ꦕꦼꦩꦤꦶ (cêmani)

Banyumasan: cemani

⇒ Indonesian: cemani

⇒ Indonesian: ayam cemani

⇒ English: ayam cemani

Osing: cemani

Tengger: cemani

Compare to Old Javanese cāmani, cāmanīya, ācamanīya (“water used for purification”), from Sanskrit आचमनीय (ācamanīya).
Compare to Proto-Austronesian *Cumay (“Formosan black bear”).

cog

thoroughly black (even to the inner part).


ꦤꦱꦶ

Alternative spelling of nasi (“cooked rice”)


belaṅ

Javanese: ꦧꦼꦭꦁ (belang)

Banyumasan: belang

⇒ Indonesian: belang

⇒ Malay: belang

Osing: belang

Tengger: belang

tan line (the division between skin that has darkened or tanned from exposure to sun and skin that has not been exposed to sun)


pelaṅ

Javanese: ꦥꦼꦭꦁ (pelang)

Banyumasan: pelang

⇒ Indonesian: pelang

⇒ Malay: pelang

Osing: pelang

Tengger: pelang


laṅit

Javanese: ꦭꦔꦶꦠ꧀ (langit)

Banyumasan: langit

Osing: langit

Tengger: langit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC.


laṅit-laṅit

Javanese: ꦭꦔꦶꦠ꧀ꦭꦔꦶꦠ꧀ (langit-langit)

Banyumasan: langit-langit

Osing: langit-langit

Tengger: langit-langit

/ˈlɑːŋɪt̚ˈlɑːŋɪt̚/


ulā

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦭ (ula, “snake”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ. Doublet of ulĕr (“caterpillar”).


pāśraman

desctree

Javanese: ꦥꦱꦿꦩꦤ꧀ (pasraman)
→ Indonesian: pasraman


āśrama

Javanese: ꦲꦱꦿꦩ (asrama)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬆᬰ᭄ᬭᬫ (asrama), ᬰ᭄ᬭᬫ (srama)

Borrowed from Sanskrit आश्रम (āśrama, “hermitage”).

bor+

hermitage, abode of ascetics; stage in the life of a brahman.


wadwan

Javanese: ꦮꦢꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (wadon)

Affixed wadwa (“subject, follower, troops”) + -an.


strī

Javanese: ꦲꦺꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (éstri)

→ Balinese: ᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭᬷ (stri) → ᬳᬶᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭᬷ, ᬇᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭᬷ (istri).


kṣatriya

desctree

> Javanese: ꦱꦠꦿꦶꦪ (satriya) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: satria

desc

→ Balinese: ᬓ᭄ᬱᬢ᭄ᬭᬶᬬ

→ Balinese: ᬓ᭄ᬱᬢ᭄ᬭᬶᬬ → ᬲᬢ᭄ᬭᬶᬬ (satriya)

From Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “warrior-king”).


wadwa

desc

> Javanese: ꦮꦢ꧀ꦮ (wadwa), ꦮꦢꦸ (wadu) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬥᬹ (wadu, “female”)

From Sanskrit बद्व (badva, “large number”).


śatru

Javanese: ꦱꦠꦿꦸ (satru)

→ Balinese: ᬰᬢ᭄ᬭᬸ (satru)

From Sanskrit शत्रु (śatru, “enemy, foe, rival”).


siṅha

Javanese: ꦱꦶꦔ (singa)


gṛha

desctree

Javanese: ꦒꦿꦶꦪ (griya), ꦒꦽꦲ (greha)
→ Indonesian: griya


waṅśa

desc

> Javanese: ꦧꦁꦱ (bangsa), ꦲꦁꦱ (angsa), ꦮꦁꦱ (wangsa) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬗ᭄ᬲ (bangsa), ᬯᬗ᭄ᬰ (wangsa)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśá, “offspring, lineage, collection”).


martyapada

desctree

Javanese: ꦩꦂꦕꦥꦢ (marcapada)
→ Indonesian: marcapada

desc

→ Balinese: ᬫᬃᬘᬧᬤ (marcapada), ᬫᬺᬘᬧᬤ (mrecapada)

→ Malay: مرچاڤادا (marcapada)

Compound of martya (“mortal”) + pada (“place”), from Sanskrit मर्त्य (martya, “mortal”) + पद (pada, “place”).


bhaṭāra

→ Balinese: ᬪᬝᬭ (batara)

⇒ Classical Malay: berhala

> Malay: berhala (inherited)

> Indonesian: berhala (inherited)

From Sanskrit भट्टार (bhaṭṭāra, “revered, worshipful”), via Prakrit [Term?].


purī

desctree

Javanese: ꦥꦸꦫꦶ (puri)
→ Indonesian: puri

→ Balinese: ᬧᬸᬭᬷ (puri)
→ Indonesian: puri

From Sanskrit पुरी (purī), पुर् (pur, “stronghold, fortress”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pŕ̥H, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pŕ̥H, from Proto-Indo-European *(t)pĺ̥H (“city, fortress, stronghold”). Doublet of pura.


juruh

desc

Javanese: ꦗꦸꦫꦸꦃ (juruh, “sweet thick syrup from coconut sugar”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq. Doublet of duh.


tāman

Javanese: ꦠꦩꦤ꧀ (taman)

From Persian چمن (čaman, “lawn, meadow, orchard”).


taṇḍa

Javanese: ꦠꦤ꧀ꦝ (tandha)

→ Malay: tanda

Indonesian: tanda

Probably from Tamil தண்டம் (taṇṭam, “flag”, literally “stick, staff”), from Sanskrit दण्ड (daṇḍa).


tīrtha

desctree

Javanese: ꦠꦶꦂꦠ (tirta)
→ Indonesian: tirta (“water”)

→ Balinese: ᬢᬷᬃᬢ (tirta)

From Sanskrit तीर्थ (tīrtha, “bathing-place”).


tĕpi

Cognate of Malay tepi and Indonesian tepi.


kṛta

desc

> Javanese: ꦏꦽꦠ (kreta), ꦏꦼꦂꦠ (kerta), ꦏꦂꦠ (karta) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬓᭂᬃᬢ (kerta)


bhāṣa

> Javanese: ꦧꦱ (basa) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬪᬵᬱ (basa)

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “speech, language”).


adri

desc

Javanese: ꦲꦢꦿꦶ (adri), ꦢꦿꦶ (dri), ꦉꦢꦶ (redi)

→ Balinese: ᬅᬤ᭄ᬭᬶ (adri, “mountain”)

→ Malay: adri (“mountain”)

Indonesian: adri (“mountain”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अद्रि (adri, “rock, stone; mountain”).


dadhi

> Javanese: ꦢꦢꦶ (dadi) (inherited)


haḍĕp

Javanese: ꦲꦝꦼꦥ꧀ (adhep)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of harĕp, arĕp


ḍaṅ

> Javanese: ꦢꦁ (dang) (inherited)

Possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daŋdaŋ.

copper pot in which the kukusan is placed for steaming rice


parwa

desctree

Javanese: ꦥꦫꦺꦴ (paro)
→ Indonesian: paro

desc

→ Balinese: ᬧᬭᭀ (paro, “half”), ᬧᬃᬯ (parwa, “part of the Mahābhārata”)

→ Indonesian: parwa (learned)

→ Malay: paruh (“part”)

Indonesian: paruh (“part”)

From Sanskrit पर्व (parva), पर्वन् (parvan, “division, section”).


titah

Javanese: ꦠꦶꦠꦃ (titah)

arrangement, ordering, formation, disposition

fixed condition, preordained state, predestination


taṅan

Javanese: tangan


hantimun

Javanese: timun


caṇḍi

desctree

Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (candhi)
→ Indonesian: candi

→ Balinese: ᬘᬡ᭄ᬟᬶ (candi)

Attested in the Hariwangsa (1135 AD) and Nagarakretagama (1365 AD) as caṇḍi. It is presumed that the word is related to Sanskrit चण्डी (caṇḍī) as one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death, although association of the name candi, candika or durga with Hindu-Buddhist temples is unknown in India and other parts of Southeast Asia outside of Indonesia, such as Cambodia, Thailand, or Burma. It is presumed that the word was came from clipping of Sanskrit चण्डिकागृह (caṇḍikāgṛha, “temple of Durga”).

der

sanctuary (in which the deity descends, worshipped, and made contact with those who are blessed)


guhā

Javanese: ꦒꦸꦮ (guwa)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬸᬯ (gua)


gĕḍoṅ

desctree

Javanese: ꦒꦼꦣꦺꦴꦁ (gedhong)
→ Malay: gedung
Indonesian: gedung

→ Malay: gedong (learned)

→ Balinese: ᬕᭂᬤᭀᬂ (gedong)

→ Betawi: gedong

→ Indonesian: gedong

⇒ Petjo: gedoeng

Old Sundanese: gĕḍoṅ

→ Sundanese: gedong

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuŋ (“unpartitioned building”).

der

building: a closed structure with walls and a roof.


sānak

desc

Javanese: ꦱꦤꦏ꧀ (sanak, “relative, relation”)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬦᬓ᭄ (sanak, “family, relatives”)

Affixed sa- + anak. Attested in the Old Javanese manuscript of Kakawin Sutasoma dates back to 1365 AD.

brother, sister, relative; with his brother(s)


alaya

Borrowed from Sanskrit आलय (ālaya, “house”).


alaya

shoot of a climber or liana, aerial root


kuṇḍi

> Javanese: ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (kendhi) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुण्डी (kuṇḍī), female form of कुण्ड (kuṇḍa) or कुण्डिक (kuṇḍika, “water pot”).


taṅgal

desc

ꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧈ ꦠꦔ꧀ꦒꦭ꧀

Javanese: ꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧈ ꦠꦔ꧀ꦒꦭ꧀ (tanggal, “date (day and month); beginning of the lunar month”)

→ Indonesian: tanggal (“date (day and month)”)

→ Balinese: ᬢᬗ᭄ᬕᬮ᭄ (tanggal, “day, date”)

Probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgal (“unfastened, detached”), refers to the new moon which moon is detached from the night sky.

ataṅgal

to rise, get up, draw oneself up, jump up, start, move into action; also: to stay (remain) erect?

day in the first half of the lunar month


hyaṅ

Javanese: ꦲꦾꦁ (yang)

→ Balinese: ᬳ᭄ᬬᬂ

→ Indonesian: hyang, yang

→ Malay: hiang, yang

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiaŋ.

sacred person, such as anchorite, monk, nun.


wasana

Alternative spelling of wasana, wasāna, awasāna (“end; result, issue”)


wasana

Borrowed from Sanskrit वसन (vasana, “cloth; garment; vestment”).


kĕmbaṅ

Javanese: ꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ (kembang)


gabah

desctree

Javanese: ꦒꦧꦃ (gabah)
→ Indonesian: gabah (“unhusked rice”)

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaʔ (“paddy”). Compare Temiar baa (“rice plants, husked rice”), Semai ba (“rice”), Proto-Khasian *kba (“paddy rice”).


muhara

Javanese: ꦩꦸꦮꦫ (muwara)

Probably from Prakrit *muhavara, from Sanskrit मुख (mukha) + द्वार (dvāra) (compare to Tamil முகத்துவாரம் (mukattuvāram, “mouth (of river); estuary”)).

ncog

முகத்துவாரம்


rāh

Javanese: ꦫꦃ (rah, “blood”)

→ Balinese: ᬭᬵᬄ (rah, “blood”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.


sīma

desc

Javanese: ꦱꦶꦩꦃ, ꦱꦺꦩꦃ (simah, sémah, “household, husband”)

→ Balinese: ᬲᬶᬫ (sima, “border, cloistered area, village”)

→ Indonesian: sima (“free tax area”) (learned)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).


gandharwa

Javanese: ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa)

→ Indonesian: gêndêruwo

→ Balinese: ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥᬃᬯ᭄ᬯ (gandarwa)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a gandharva (one of a class of male heavenly beings, famed singers and guardians of soma)


oṣadhi

→ Balinese: ᬑᬱᬥᬶ (osadi)

Borrowed from Sanskrit ओषधि (oṣadhi, “a herb, plant, especially, a medicinal herb”).


prabhu

desctree

Javanese: ꦥꦿꦧꦸ (prabu)
→ Indonesian: prabu

→ Balinese: ᬧ᭄ᬭᬪᬸ (prabu)


madhya

Javanese: ꦩꦢꦾ (madya)
→ Indonesian: madya (“middle, medium”)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬥ᭄ᬬ (madia)


ṭikā

→ Balinese: ᬝᬶᬓ (tika)

Borrowed from Prakrit ṭikka (“mark, spot”), probably from Sanskrit टीका (ṭīkā, “note, remark, commentary”) and तिलक (tilaka, “a freckle; mark”).


wīja

→ Balinese: ᬯᬷᬚ (wija)


āyuṣa

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आयुष (āyuṣa, “duration of life”).


alaṅkara

desc

Javanese: ꦊꦁꦏꦫ (lengkara, “impossible, improbable”)

→ Balinese: ᬍᬗ᭄ᬓᬭ (lengkara, “sentence”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अलङ्कार, अलंकार (alaṅkāra, alaṃkāra, “an ornament of the sense or the sound”, literally “ornament, decoration”). Compare to Tamil அலங்காரம் (alaṅkāram, “figure of speech”).

bor+

अलङ्कार, अलंकार


hajĕṅ

desc

Javanese: ꦲꦗꦼꦁ (ajeng, “facing, progress; front; will, want”)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬚᭂᬂ (ajeng, “front”)

Affixed harĕp, arĕp (“front; to wish”) + -jĕṅ (“high register suffix”).


griṅsiṅ

desctree

Javanese: ꦒꦿꦶꦁꦱꦶꦁ (gringsing)
→ Indonesian: geringsing
→ English: geringsing

→ Balinese: ᬕ᭄ᬭᬶᬂᬲᬶᬂ (gringsing)

Compound of Old Javanese griṅ (“illness, affliction”) and Balinese ᬲᬶᬂ (sing, “no, not”).


gĕḍaṅ

Javanese: ꦒꦼꦝꦁ (gedhang, “banana”)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬕᬤᬂ (gadang, “green”), ᬕᭂᬤᬂ (gedang, “papaya”)

→ Sundanese: ᮌᮨᮓᮀ (gedang, “papaya”)

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kdɔʔ (“plantain bud”).


pĕtĕṅ

Javanese: ꦥꦼꦠꦼꦁ (peteng)


kañca

desctree

> Javanese: ꦏꦚ꧀ꦕ (kanca, kântyâ, kantja) (inherited)
Caribbean Javanese: kantya
→ Indonesian: kanca
→ Malay: konco

→ Balinese: ᬓᬜ᭄ᬘ (kanca)

Unknown, probably affixed pañca (“collection or completeness”, literally “five”) + ka-.


śilā

Javanese: ꦱꦺꦭ (séla)

→ Balinese: ᬰᬶᬮᬵ (sila)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिला (śilā, “stone, rock”).


śweta

Borrowed from Sanskrit श्वेत (śveta, “white”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás (“white”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“bright; shine”).


ḍapunta

Unknown, probably from ḍa (“sun deity”) + pu (“master, lord”) + -ta (“second person pronominal suffix”).


kṣiti

> Javanese: ꦱꦶꦠꦶ (siti) (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬓ᭄ᬱᬶᬢᬶ (siti), ᬲᬶᬢᬶ (siti)

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्षिति (kṣiti, “ground”).


garuḍa

desctree

> Javanese: ꦒꦫꦸꦝ (garudha) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: garuda
→ Malay: geroda

→ Balinese: ᬕᬭᬸᬥ (garuda)


nyuh

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.


bhrā

> Javanese: ꦧꦿ (bra) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit भ्राज् (bhrāj, “shining, splendor, light”).


uṇḍi

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (undhi)
→ Malay: undi (“to vote”)
Indonesian: undi

Borrowed from Tamil உண்டை (uṇṭai, “ball, dice”).


twah

Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦃ (toh)

→ Indonesian: toh

Probably ta- + wwah (“betel-nut”, literally “fruit”).


celeṅ

desctree

> Javanese: ꦕꦺꦭꦺꦁ (cèlèng) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: celeng

→ Balinese: ᬘᬾᬮᬾᬂ (céléng)

Probably from Austroasiatic. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *lik ~ *liik (“pig”) (whence Old Mon cliṅ (“pig”)).


bhāra

Borrowed from Sanskrit भार (bhāra, “burdern; labour”).


wadak

Probably from Proto-Austroasiatic (compare to Proto-Bahnaric *-rok (“cow, ox”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuk (“ox”)).
Doublet of warak (“rhinoceros”).


wuruk

Javanese: ꦮꦸꦫꦸꦏ꧀ (wuruk)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬸᬭᬸᬓ᭄ (wuruk, “teach”)

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓɔɔʔ (“younger sibling”) (compare Khmer ប្អូន (pʼoun, “younger sibling”)) and *ruuh, *ruh (“young girl, virgin”). Semantic loan from Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa, “calf; child, boy, son”).


hawuk

Javanese: ꦲꦧꦸꦏ꧀ (abuk)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabuk (“dust, sawdust”), *-buk (“decay, crumble; powder”).


rawuh

Probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zauq (“far”), or Proto-Mon-Khmer *rəh, *ruəh, *ruh (“to fall”). Doublet of ḍawuh.


lĕmĕs

desctree

Javanese: ꦊꦩꦼꦱ꧀ (lemes)
→ Indonesian: lemas (semantic loan)
→ Sundanese: ᮜᮨᮙᮨᮞ᮪ (lemes)
→ Indonesian: lemas (semantic loan)

→ Malay: lemas
Indonesian: lemas

Probably from Proto-Austronesian *lemaq (“soft, weak, slack”).


wāra

Javanese: ꦮꦫ (wara, “day”)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬵᬭ (wara, “day”)


pajĕg

desctree

Javanese: ꦥꦗꦼꦒ꧀ (pajeg)
→ Indonesian: pajak (semantic loan)
→ Sundanese: ᮕᮏᮨᮌ᮪ (pajeg)

→ Balinese: ᬧᬚᭂᬕ᭄ (pajeg, “rent”)

→ Malay: pajak

Indonesian: pajak, padjak (1901–1947, 1947–1972)
→ Balinese: ᬧᬚᭂᬕ᭄ (pajeg, “tax”) (semantic loan)
→ Min Nan: 吧灼 (pā-chiak)

→ Min Nan: 吧灼 (pā-chiak)


rahaden

Alternative spelling of rahadyan (“lord, master”)


rahadyan

Javanese: ꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ (radèn)
→ Malay: raden, radin
Indonesian: raden

desc

→ Malagasy: rohandryan, roandriana, randryan, randriana, andriana

Affixed ra- (“His Honour, Your Honour”) + hadyan (“lord, master”).


hadyan

Affixed ādi, adi (“first, principal, chief”) + -an.


āditya

desctree

Javanese: ꦄꦢꦶꦠꦾ (Aditya)
→ Indonesian: Aditya

→ Balinese: ᬆᬤᬶᬢ᭄ᬬ (Aditya)

Borrowed from Sanskrit आदित्य (āditya, “Aditya”).

bor+

Aditya: Any of a group of solar deities, the sons of Aditi and Kashyapa.


paṅeran

desctree

→ Javanese: ꦥꦔꦺꦫꦤ꧀ (pangéran)
→ Malay: pangeran, pengeran, pengiran
Indonesian: pangeran
→ Hokkien: 班奇蘭 /班奇兰, 邦奇蘭 /邦奇兰

Affixed her, er (“to wait”) + paṅ- -an. Doublet of paṅheran (“waiting-place, dwelling-place”)


byaya

→ Malay: biaya

Indonesian: biaya

→ Tagalog: biyaya

Borrowed from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya). Doublet of beya.


raditya

Javanese: ꦫꦢꦶꦠꦾ (raditya, “Sunday”)

→ Balinese: ᬋᬤᬶᬢᬾ (Redité, “Sunday”)

Affixed ra- + āditya, borrowed from Sanskrit आदित्य (āditya).

com

आदित्य (āditya)


ḍasar

Javanese: ꦝꦱꦂ (dhasar)


ulĕr

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦭꦼꦂ (uler, “caterpillar”)
→ Indonesian: uler (“caterpillar”)

* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quləj.
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ. Doublet of ulā (“snake”).


kĕlir

Javanese: ꦏꦼꦭꦶꦂ (kelir)
→ Malay: kelir
Indonesian: kelir (“screen”)


polah

Javanese: ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦃ (polah, “action, motion; to move”)
→ Indonesian: polah (“conduct, behaviour”)

desc

→ Tenggarong Kutai Malay: polah (“to make”)


pasewan

desctree

Javanese: ꦥꦱꦺꦧꦤ꧀ (paséban)
→ Indonesian: paséban

→ Balinese: ᬧᬲᬾᬩᬦ᭄ (paséban, “outside”)


pagĕlaran

Javanese: ꦥꦒꦼꦭꦫꦤ꧀ (pagelaran)
→ Indonesian: pagelaran, pergelaran

→ Sundanese: ᮕᮌᮨᮜᮛᮔ᮪ (pagelaran)


gĕlar

Javanese: ꦒꦼꦭꦂ (gelar)
→ Indonesian: gelar

→ Balinese: ᬕᭂᬮᬃ (gelar)


prajā

Javanese: ꦥꦿꦗ (praja)
→ Indonesian: praja

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रजा (prajā, “subject of a king, rule”).


wṛtta

desctree

Javanese: ꦮꦂꦠ (warta)
→ Malay: warta
Indonesian: warta

→ Balinese: ᬳᭀᬃᬢ (orta, “news”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā).

bor+

event: that which happens (has happened)

news, rumour, (Skt wārtā) account of what has happened


lāwan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laban (“oppose, go against someone”).


śabda

> Javanese: ꦱꦧ꧀ꦢ (sabda) (inherited)

>? Javanese: ꦱꦼꦢ (seda)

→ Balinese: ᬰᬩ᭄ᬤ (sabda)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda, “sound, noise, voice, tone, note; word”).


wuragil

desctree

Javanese: ꦫꦒꦶꦭ꧀ (ragil), ꦮꦿꦒꦶꦭ꧀ (wragil), ꦮꦸꦫꦒꦶꦭ꧀ (wuragil)
→ Indonesian: ragil

youngest, lastborn (born last in a family)


acaraki

→ Indonesian: acaraki (learned)


gagā

Javanese: ꦒꦒ (gaga, “unirrigated rice field”)
→ Indonesian: gaga (“dry field”)

→ Balinese: ᬕᬕ (gaga, “field”)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *tkɔɔʔ ~ *tkɔɔh (“island”) (compare to Khmer កោះ (kɑh), Thai เกาะ (gɔ̀), Lao ເກາະ (kǫ), Vietnamese gò).


aruṇa

Borrowed from Sanskrit अरुण (aruṇa, “sun”).


kawaśan

Javanese: ꦏꦮꦱꦤ꧀ (kawasan)

→ Indonesian: kawasan

waśa (“power, force; dominion”) + ka- -(a)n.

af

overpowered, dominated, mastered, subdued


paṇḍo

Javanese: ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦸ (pandhu)

Affixed pa- + aṇḍo, from Tamil அண்டு (aṇṭu, “resort, seek protection”).


waśa

Javanese: ꦮꦱ (wasa)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬯᬰ (wasa, “power, authority”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वश (vaśa, “authority, power, control, dominion”).


taḍah

desctree

Javanese: ꦠꦝꦃ (tadhah, “catching container, receptacle; capacity, consumption”)
→ Malay: tadah
Indonesian: tadah

Affixed ta- + waḍah (“vessel, container”). Doublet of tĕḍa (“food; (humble) request”).


waḍah

Javanese: ꦲꦝꦃ (adhah), ꦮꦝꦃ (wadhah)

Unknown, cognate of Indonesian wadah, Malay wadah. Probably mutation of arah (“command; position, direction”).


kuṇḍala

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुण्डल (kuṇḍala, “ear-ring, rope, tie”). Doublet of kuṇḍali (“bridle”).


kuṇḍali

desctree

Javanese: ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦭꦶ (kendhali, “bridle”)
→ Malay: kendali
Indonesian: kendali (“rein; control”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुण्डल (kuṇḍala, “ear-ring, rope, tie”). Doublet of kuṇḍala (“ear-pendant”).


santĕn

> Javanese: ꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (santen) (inherited)
→ Dutch: santen (“coconut milk”)

→ Malay: santan
Indonesian: santan
→ Chinese: 參丹 /参丹
→ Macanese: santám
→ Tagalog: santan
→ Tausug: santan

Affixed sari, sāri (“quintessence; pollen”) + -ntĕn.


santĕn

Affixed *śāri + -ntĕn, from Sanskrit शारि (śāri, “chessman, piece at chess”).


sāri

> Javanese: ꦱꦫꦶ (sari) (inherited)

desc

→ Balinese: ᬲᬭᬶ (sari, “milk”), ᬲᬵᬭᬶ (sari, “flower”)

→ Malay: sari

> Indonesian: sari (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सार (sāra, “soup; extract, essence”). Doublet of sāra.


menak

desc

Javanese: ꦩꦺꦤꦏ꧀ (ménak, “obsolete title for a nobleman”)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬾᬦᬓ᭄ (ménak, “pleasant person; nobility”)

→ Sundanese: ᮙᮦᮔᮊ᮪ (ménak, “nobility”)

Affixed (m)aN- + inak (“well-being, peace, ease, enjoyment, satisfaction, easy (smooth, untroubled) course”).


ḍawĕt

desctree

Javanese: ꦝꦮꦼꦠ꧀ (dhawet)
→ Indonesian: dawet

(cooking) drink from coconut milk and melted sugar with lumps of rice-flour


kāraṇa

desc

Javanese: ꦏꦫꦤ (karana, “reason, cause; because”), ꦏꦿꦤ (krana, “reason; because of”), ꦏꦼꦫꦤ (kerana, “because”)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬭᬡ (karana, “cause, origin, reason”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause; reason”).


wwantĕn

desc

Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (wonten), ꦮꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (wènten) — Serang, palace language, ꦲꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (ènten) — dialectal

→ Balinese: ᬯᬾᬦ᭄ᬢᭂᬦ᭄ (wènten)

Affixed wwaya, wwara (“there is/are”) + -ntĕn.


hāra

Borrowed from Sanskrit हार (hāra, “garland of pearls”).


upasarga

Borrowed from Sanskrit उपसर्ग (upasarga, “misfortune”). Compare to Old Malay upasargga.


gagaṅ

desc

Javanese: ꦒꦒꦁ (gagang, “central stalk; stem; handle, haft, hilt, knob”)

Partial reduplication of gaṅ (“stalk”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *tguəŋ, *guəŋ, *tgəŋ (“stalk, handle”).


gaṅ

desctree

⇒ Javanese: ꦒꦒꦁ (gagang, “central stalk; stem; handle, haft, hilt, knob”)
→ Malay: gagang
Indonesian: gagang

⇒? Javanese: ꦩꦒꦁ (magang, “apprentice official”)
→ Malay: magang (“apprentice”)
Indonesian: magang (“apprentice”)

desc

⇒? Javanese: ꦥꦒꦁ (pagang, “to wait for; to be an apprentice”)

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *tguəŋ, *guəŋ, *tgəŋ (“stalk, handle”).


kapāla

Javanese: ꦏꦥꦭ (kapala), ꦏꦼꦥꦭ (kepala)

→ Balinese: ᬓᭂᬧᬮ (kepala)

→ Banjarese: kapala

→ Classical Malay: کڤالا (kepala)

Malay: کڤالا (kepala)

Indonesian: kepala

→ Lindu: kapala

→ Maranao: kapala

→ Tausug: kapāla

Borrowed from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull, cranium; bowl”).

bor+

head: the part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth and main sense organs.


truh

Unknown, probably affixed ta- + *ruh, which came from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruh (“to fall, be shed”), hence doublet of tĕḍuh (“quiet, calm”). Cognate of Indonesian teduh.


sĕga

Javanese: ꦱꦼꦒ (sega, “cooked rice”)

→ Balinese: ᬲᭂᬕ (sega, “cooked rice”)

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *sŋoʔ (“paddy”).


bĕkĕl

Javanese: ꦧꦼꦏꦼꦭ꧀ (bekel)

→ Balinese: ᬩᭂᬓᭂᬮ᭄ (bekel)

→ Malay: bekal

Indonesian: bekal

Unknown, probably came from bakal (“prospective, future”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *[b]kəl[ ] (“to give, make over”). Doublet of bakal.


bĕkĕl

desctree

Javanese: ꦧꦼꦏꦼꦭ꧀ (bekel)
→ Indonesian: bekel

→ Balinese: ᬩᭂᬓᭂᬮ᭄ (bekel)


karaṅ

desc

Javanese: ꦏꦫꦁ (karang, “coral, coral reef; rock; vein”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karaŋ (“coral, limestone”).


karaṅ

Javanese: ꦏꦫꦁ (karang, “place; home”)

→ Indonesian: karang (“assembly place”)

Unknown, probably affixed ka- + araṅ (“widely spaced, far between, seldom, rare; sparse, thin, tenuous”).


karaṅ

desc

Javanese: ꦏꦫꦁ (karang, “flower headdress; article: piece of writing”)

→ Malay: karang (“to compose”)

Indonesian: karang (“to compose, to create”)


ḍĕḍĕk

Javanese: ꦝꦼꦝꦏ꧀ (dhedhak, “rice bran”).

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəkdək (“pulverize, crush by pounding”) (compare Tagalog darak (“bran”)) or Proto-Mon-Khmer *lʔək (“rice-bran”).


mĕnir

Javanese: ꦩꦼꦤꦶꦂ (menir)


siṇḍyan

Javanese: ꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦤ꧀ (sindhèn)

Affixed siṇḍi (“allusion, innuendo”) + -an.


śastra

→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (sastra, “arrow”)


śāstra

Javanese: ꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ (sastra)

→ Balinese: ᬰᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (sastra)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra).


tatā

> Javanese: ꦠꦠ (tata) (inherited)

→ Malay: tata, tatar

> Indonesian: tata, tatar (inherited)


jaṭi

Borrowed from Sanskrit जटि (jaṭi, “twisted hair”).


aśana

Borrowed from Sanskrit अशन (aśana, “eating”).


dāha

Borrowed from Sanskrit दाह (dāha, “burning”).


jaṭī

Borrowed from Sanskrit जटिन् (jaṭin, “ascetic”).


praśasti

desctree

Javanese: ꦥꦿꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (prasasti, “ancient inscription”)
→ Indonesian: prasasti (“stele”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रशस्ति (praśasti, “eulogistic inscription”).


swagatapakṣa

Compound of swagata + pakṣa. Doublet of sogatapakṣa.


sogatapakṣa

Compound of sogata + pakṣa. Doublet of swagatapakṣa.


senāpati

Javanese: ꦱꦺꦤꦥꦠꦶ (sénapati)

Compound of senā (“army”) + pati (“lord, master”), borrowed from Sanskrit सेनापति (senāpati, “commandant, commander, general”).


swāgata

desc

Javanese: ꦱꦸꦒꦠ (sugata, “refreshment; formal welcome”)

→ Balinese: ᬲ᭄ᬯᬵᬕᬢ (swagata)

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वागत (svāgata, “welcome”).


wiśuddha

desc

→ Indonesian: wisuda (“convocation, commencement, graduation”) (learned)

Affixed wi- + śuddha (“clean, pure, clear; bright, white; faultless, blameless, right, correct; subtracted, diminished subtraction”), borrowed from Sanskrit विशुद्ध (viśuddha, “clear, virtuous, completed”).


sogata

→ Balinese: ᬲᭀᬕᬢ (sogata)

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वागत (svāgata, “name of certain Buddha disciple”, literally “welcome”).


kāyastha

Borrowed from Sanskrit कायस्थ (kāyastha).


ṅaran

desc

Javanese: ꦲꦫꦤ꧀ (aran, “name”), ꦢꦫꦤ꧀ (daran, “to name, to call”), ꦫꦤ꧀ (ran, “name”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋajan.


śuddha

desc

Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢ (suda, “to decrease, to diminish”), ꦱꦸꦝꦃ (sudhah, “to unload, to unpack”)

→ Balinese: ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ→ᬰᬸᬥ (suda, “pure, honourable (mind), righteous; clean, holy; cure”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha, “pure; clear; clean; true; right; accurate; simple”).


sudagar

desctree

Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢꦒꦂ (sudagar, “merchant, trader”)
→ Indonesian: sudagar (“merchant, trader”)

Borrowed from Persian سوداگر (sowdâgar, “merchant, trader”).


cakrawarti

Javanese: ꦕꦏꦿꦮꦂꦠꦶ (cakrawarti)

→ Balinese: ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭᬯᬃᬢᬶ (cakrawarti)

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्रवर्तिन् (cakravartin, “chakravartin”).


śuddhi

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्धि (śuddhi, “innocence, genuineness”).


āṣādha

→ Balinese: ᬱᬤ᭄ᬥ

Borrowed from Sanskrit आषाढ (āṣāḍha), अषाढ (aṣāḍha, “invincible”).

a month of the Hindu calendar that corresponds to June/July in the Gregorian calendar.


kuṇḍa

desc

Javanese: ꦏꦸꦤ꧀ꦝ (kundha, “ritual brazier; calm high tide; service, department”)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬸᬡ᭄ᬥ (kunda, “ritual brazier”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुण्ड (kuṇḍa, “bowl, waterpot; basin of water, pit”), from Dravidian.


sahana

Affixed sa- + hana (“to be, exist, stay; being, existence”).


kamantryan

Javanese: ꦏꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀ (kamantrèn)


śāsana

Borrowed from Sanskrit शासन (śāsana, “rule; government”).

bor+

precept, doctrine, discipline, code, rule


mantrī

desctree

Javanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (mantri)
→ Indonesian: mantri

Borrowed from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī).


wwaṅ

Alternative spelling of wwang (“man, person, human being; attendant, servant”)


citralekha

Borrowed from Sanskrit चित्रलेखा (citralekhā, “picture”).


ājñā

Borrowed from Sanskrit आज्ञा (ājñā, “order, command; authority”).


pĕṇḍĕm

Javanese: ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦩ꧀ (pendhem)

→ Balinese: ᬧᭂᬦ᭄ᬤᭂᬫ᭄ (pendem)

→ Malay: pendam

Indonesian: pendam

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *nɗəm (“under, underpart”).


ḍukuh

desctree

Javanese: ꦝꦸꦏꦸꦃ (dhukuh, “hamlet; chief of hamlet”), ꦢꦸꦏꦸꦃ (dukuh)
→ Indonesian: dukuh (“hamlet; chief of hamlet”)

→ Balinese: ᬥᬸᬓᬸᬄ (dukuh, “priest”)


drawya

desc

Javanese: ꦢꦸꦮꦺ (duwé, “to have, to own”)

→ Balinese: ᬤᬸᬯᬾ (duwé, “to have, to own”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit द्रव्य (dravya, “object of possession, wealth, goods, money; gold”, literally “substance, thing, object; tree”).


kadipatyan

Javanese: ꦏꦢꦶꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ (kadipatèn)


wadana

desctree

Javanese: ꦮꦢꦤ (wadana, “face; mouth; leader; head of an administrative district”), ꦮꦼꦢꦤ (wedana)
→ Indonesian: wedana (“assistant regent”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit वदन (vadana, “mouth, face”).


puṅgawa

Borrowed from Sanskrit पुङ्गव (puṅgava, “hero; chief”).


ārya

Javanese: ꦲꦂꦪ (arya), ꦄꦂꦪ (Arya)

→ Balinese: ᬆᬃᬬ (arya)


kabayan

Javanese: ꦏꦧꦪꦤ꧀ (kabayan)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬩᬬᬦ᭄ (kabayan)


umbul

desctree

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦭ꧀ (umbul)
Indonesian: umbul


śūdra

Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢꦿ (sudra, “low, humble”)

→ Balinese: ᬰᬹᬤ᭄ᬭ (sudra, “Shudra”)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शूद्र (śūdra), a variant of क्षुद्र (kṣudra, “small, diminutive”).


mahāmantri

Compound of mahā + mantrī, borrowed from Sanskrit महामन्त्रिन् (mahāmantrin, “prime minister; chief counsellor”).

bor+

महामन्त्रिन्


kryan

Affixed ārya (“noble”) + ka- -(a)n. Doublet of kaaryan.