磐余

desc

Japanese: 磐余 (Iware, in modern dictionaries)

Either from 言はれ (ipare, “that of what is said”), or from a compound of 岩 (ipa, “rock”) + 村 (*are, “village”). The latter theory is more likely as placenames were often formed from compounds of nouns, but a place name formed from a specific conjugation is extremely rare, if at all.

莒母唎矩能簸覩細能哿波庾那峨例倶屢駄開能以矩美娜開余嚢開謨等陛嗚麼莒等儞都倶唎須衞陛嗚麼府曳儞都倶唎府企儺須美母慮我紆陪儞能朋梨陀致倭我彌細麼都奴娑播符以簸例能伊聞能美那矢駄府紆嗚謨紆陪儞堤堤那皚矩野須美矢矢倭我於朋枳美能於魔細屢娑佐羅能美於寐能武須彌陀例駄例夜矢比等母紆陪儞泥堤那皚矩
ko₂moriku no₂ Patuse-no₂-kapa yu nagarekuru take₂ no₂ ikumi₁dake₂ yo₂dake₂ moto₂pe₁ wo ba ko₂to₂ ni tukuri suwepe₁ wo ba puye ni tukuri puki₁nasu Mi₁moro₂ ga upe₂ ni no₂boritati waga mi₁seba tuno₁ sapapu Ipare-no₂-ike₂ no₂ mi₁nasitapu uwo mo upe₂ nidete nage₂ku yasumi₁sisi waga opoki₁mi₁ no₂ obaseru sasarano₂ mi₁obi₁ no₂ musubi₁tare tare ya si pi₁to₂ mo upe₂ nidete nage₂ku
Down the river of Patuse [the secluded], a bamboo comes floating—close-jointed, long-jointed; the bottom part making into a lute, the upper part making into a flute. Blowing into [the flute and] playing on [the lute], were I to ascend and stand on the top of Mimorö? and publish it there, the very fishes that pass under the water of the pond of Ipare? [The creeper-clad w]ould come to the surface and lament: the august girdle of small pattern, girded on by our great lord who rules peacefully, hangs down in a knot—not a man is there whoever he may be but would come up and lament.

a placename in present-day southern Sakurai, Nara prefecture; site of the ancient Yamato imperial court around the mid-late Kofun period

つのさはふ

tuno₁ sapapu, pillow word alluding to Ipare


たなつもの

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Wamyō Rujishō

Possibly from 種 (tana-, “seed”) + つ (-tu-, “ancient genitive particle”) + 物 (mo₂no₂, “thing”).

com

So she made the millet, the panic, the wheat, and the beans the seed for the dry fields, and the rice she made the seed for the water-fields.


這ふ葛の

papu kuzu no₂ (romanization)
はふくずの (hiragana)

long and stretching kudzu tendrils, allusion to いや遠長く (iya to₂ponagaku, “revered far and long”), 後もあふ (no₂ti mo apu, “to meet later”), or 絶𛀁ず (tayezu, “unbreaking”)


大后

Japanese: 大后 (ōkisaki → ōkisai)

From 大 (opo-, “great”) + 后 (ki₁saki₁, “wife of male aristocrat”).

prefix

711–712, Kojiki, middle volume (Emperor Jimmu):

But when [he] sought a beautiful maiden worthy of being Empress...

an empress (of ancient or early medieval Japan)


大后

Japanese: 大后 (kon'oroku), in modern Japanese dictionaries

Likely derived from a Baekje compound; if so, possibly 鞬 (*k(j)ə-n, “big, great”) + 於陸 (*oLuk, “queen”).

com

百濟記云_下：蓋鹵王乙卯年冬。狛大軍來、攻_レ大₋城七日七夜、王城降陷、遂失_二尉禮國_一、王及大后、王子等、皆沒_二敵手_一_上。

720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Yūryaku (twentieth year of reign [c. 476 CE] in winter; Maeda-bon glosses):

The Baekje records read: Gaero was king in the winter year of the Wood Rabbit [475 CE]. An army from Köma (Goryeo) came, attacked the castle for seven days and seven nights; the king’s castle fell and was captured, finally Wirye was lost; the king, queen, and princes all fell into enemy hands.


太し

Japanese: 太い (futoi)

真木柱太心者有之香杼此吾心鎮目金津毛

Though my heart is strong like tree pillars, I fail to be heartbroken.

MAKI₂BASIRA PUTO₁KI₁ KO₂KO₂RO₂ PA ARIsikado₂ KO₂ NO₂ WA GA KO₂KO₂RO₂ SIDUme₂kanetu mo


与ヽ余ヽ

981, Kinkafu, Ise no Kami Uta
佐者可流於保比留女乃佐支川可比与ヽ余ヽ佐支川可比佐支川可比伊久也奈支伊久也奈支佐支川可比
sabakaru opopirume no sakitukapi yoyoyoyo sakitukapi sakitukapi iku yanagi iku yanagi sakitukapi
She turns there; the great woman of the day's forerunner; yoyoyoyo; the forerunner, the forerunner, the living willow tree, the living willow tree, the forerunner.


五位

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 五位 (MC nguX hwijH).

比來之吾戀力記集功爾申者五位乃冠

KO₂NO₂ KO₂RO₂ NO₂ AGA KO₁PI₂DIKARA SIRUSI ATUME₂ KUWU ni MAWOSABA GO₁WI no₂ KAGAPURI


阿阿志夜胡志夜

宇陀能 多加紀爾 志藝和那波留 和賀麻都夜 志藝波佐夜良受 伊須久波斯 久治良佐夜流 古那美賀 那許波佐婆 多知曾婆能 微能那祁久袁 許紀志斐惠泥 宇波那理賀 那許婆佐婆 伊知佐加紀 微能意富祁久袁 許紀陀斐惠泥 疊疊_(音引)志夜胡志夜 此者伊能碁布曾。_(此五字以音。)阿阿_(音引)志夜胡志夜 此者嘲咲者也。

At Uda's tall fortress, he had set up a trap for snipers. I can wait; the snipers will get caught. A whale, that is an edible one, gets caught. My first wife is seeking for fish meat; there's not much of the tatisoba fruit to peel; my second wife is seeking for fish meat; there's plenty of the itisaka fruit to peel; Eh? _((read phonetically)) Oh my goodness! This is my worst enemy! _((five syllables are read here)) Ah! _((read phonetically)) Oh my goodness! This is so humiliating!

uda no₂ takaki₂ ni sigiwana paru wa ga matu ya sigi₁ pa sayarazu isukupasi kudira sayaru ko₁nami ga na ko₂pasaba tatiso₂ba no₂ mi₂ no₂ nake₁ku wo ko₂ki₂si pi₂wene upanari ga na ko₂pasaba itisakaki₂ mi₂ no₂ opo₂ke₁ku wo ko₂ki₂da pI₂wene ee _((OMUBI1)KI₁) siyako₁siya KO₂ PA ino₂go₂pu so₂ _((KO2) PA GO₁ZI WO MO₂TITE OMU) aa _((OMUBI1)KI₁) siyakwosiya KO₂ PA AZAWARAPU so


阿阿時夜塢

伊莽波豫 伊莽波豫 阿阿時夜塢 伊莽儾而毛 阿誤豫 伊莽儾而毛 阿誤豫

Now! Now! Ah! Oh my goodness! Now! My dear child! Now! My dear child!

ima pa yo2 ima pa yo2 aa siyawo ima dani mo2 ago₁ yo2 ima dani mo ago₁ yo2


吾常世等

築立稚室葛根、築立柱者、此家長御心之鎭也。取舉棟梁者、此家長御心之林也。取置椽橑者、此家長御心之齊也。取置蘆萑者、此家長御心之平也。蘆萑、此云哀都利。萑音之潤反。取結繩葛者、此家長御壽之堅也。取葺草葉者、此家長御富之餘也。出雲者新墾、新墾之十握稻、於淺甕釀酒、美飲喫哉。美飲喫哉、此云于魔羅儞烏野羅甫屢柯倭。吾子等。子者、男子之通稱也。脚日木此傍山、牡鹿之角牡鹿、此云左鳥子加。舉而吾儛者、旨酒餌香市不以直買、手掌憀亮手掌憀亮、此云陀那則舉謀耶羅々儞。拍上賜、吾常世等。

The Dolichos roots of the new muro which he has upbuilt; The pillars which he has upbuilt; These are the calm of the august heart of the master of the house: The ridge-poles which he has raised aloft; These are the grove of the august heart of the master of the house: The rafters which he has set; These are the perfect order of the august heart of the master of the house: The laths which he has placed; These are the fairness of the august heart of the master of the house: The Dolichos cords which he has tied; These are the endurance of the august life of the master of the house: The reed-leaves it is thatched with; These are the superabundance of the august wealth of the master of the house: On all sides (of it) there are fields of fresh culture: With the ten-span rice-ears, Of these fresh fields, In a shallow pan We have brewed sake. With gusto let us drink it, O my boys! Whenever we dance Uplifting the horns of a buck Of these secluded hills (Weary to the foot) Sweet sake from Yega market-town Not buying with a price, To the clear ring of hand-palms Ye will revel, Oh! my immortal ones!

TUKITATURU WAKAMURO₁ NO₂ KADURANE TUKITATURU PASIRA PA KO₂ NO₂ IPE₁WOSA NO₂ MI₁KO₂KO₂RO₂ NO₂ SIDUME₂ NI ARI TO₂RI AGURU MUNE PA KO₂ NO₂ IPE₁WOSA NO₂ MI₁KOKO₂KO₂RO₂ NO₂ PAYASI NI ARI TO₂RI TODOKURU PAPEKI PA KO₂ NO₂ IPE₁WOSA NO₂ MI₁KOKO₂KO₂RO₂ NO₂ TOTONOPE NI ARI TO₂RI TODOKURU ETURI PA KO₂ NO₂ IPE₁WOSA NO₂ MI₁KOKO₂KO₂RO₂ NO₂ TAPI₁RAGE₂ NI ARI TO₂RI MUSUBU NAPA KADURA PA KO₂ NO₂ IPE₁WOSA NO₂ MI₁INO₂TI NO KATAME₂ NI ARI tO₂RI PUKU KAYA PA PUKUKO₂ NO₂ IPE₁WOSA NO₂ MI₁KOKO₂KO₂RO₂ NO₂ AMASI NI ARI IDUMO PA NIPI₁PARI NIPI₁PARI NO₂ TO₂TUKASINE SAKURAGE₂ NI KAMU MI₁KI₁ UMARA NI WO NO₂RAPU KAWA A GA KO₁TATI ASIPI₂KI₂ NO KO₂ NO₂ SO₂PI₁ NO₂ YAMA SAWOSIKA GA TUNO₁ MO KO₂ZO₂RITE A GA MAPI₁ PA UMASAKE₂ WEGA NO₂ ITI NI ATAPI₁ WO MOTITE KAPAZU TANASO₂KO₂ MO YARARA NI UTIAGE₂ TAMAPE₂ AGATO₂KO₂YO₂TATI


伊与

981, Kinkafu,
美望呂迩都久夜多麻可吉都吉阿麻須 [...] 伊与 [...]
Mimoro ni tukuya tamagakituki amasu … iyo …
[I] am building in Mimoro! I make remain the imperial fence built … iyo... …


久治良

Japanese: 鯨 (kujira)

宇陀能多加紀爾志藝和那波留和賀麻都夜志藝波佐夜良受伊須久波斯久治良佐夜流...

711–712, Kojiki, middle volume (Emperor Jimmu; poem 9):

At Uda's tall fortress, he had set up a trap for snipers. I can wait; the snipers will get caught. A whale, that is an edible one, gets caught...

Uda no₂ takaki₂ ni sigi₁wana paru waga matu ya sigi₁ pa sayarazu isukupasi kudira sayaru...

于儾能多伽機珥辭藝和奈破蘆和餓末菟夜辭藝破佐夜羅孺伊殊區波辭區泥羅佐夜離...

At Uda's tall fortress, he had set up a trap for snipers. I can wait; the snipers will get caught. A whale, that is an edible one, has gotten caught...

Uda no₂ takaki₂ ni sigi₁wana paru waga matu ya sigi₁ pa sayarazu isukupasi kudira sayari...


久真

Compare Yoron くま (kuma, “divination”) and Tarama Miyako くま (kuma, “foxtail millet”). Beyond Japonic, compare Middle Korean 고〯마〮 (kwǒmá, “admiration”), which is possibly an ancient Koreanic loan into Japanese.

cog

768, Yamato-hime-no-mikoto-seiki
皇太神御前懸久真_尓懸奉始_天
SUME₁RA NO₂ OPOKAMI₂ NO₂ MI₁-MAPE₁ NI KAKE₂ kuma ni KAKE₂ MATURI PAZIME₂te
In front of the great god of emperors, [he] began made an offering to them.


みら

>? Japanese: 韮 (nira)

Cognate with Northern Amami Ōshima びら (bira), Yoron びゃー (byā), Kunigami びらー (birā), Okinawan びら (bira), Miyako みイ゚ ざ (miɿza), Yaeyama びィ゚らー (bɿrā), Yonaguni んだぬは (ndanuha).


うるけぢ

There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation. The Jidai-betsu Kokugo Daijiten (Jōdai-hen) derive this as a compound of うるけ (uruke₂, possibly an attributive form of a verb; possibly cognate with おろく (oro₂ku, “to be faint; to be foolish”)) + 鉤 (ti, “fishing hook”).
Other possibilities for the initial uruke₂- include:
* Shift from oroke 'disappointment'.
* Shift from 空け (utuke₂, “to become empty”)
* Shift from 愚か (oro₂ka, “foolish”)
* The ti is hypothesized to be something to be 'something to prevent it from sliding off', which also describes 鉤 (ti) well.
The kanji spelling associated with the word literally means 'foolish [and] stupid fishing hook'.

com

possibly an attributive form of a verb; possibly cognate with <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ojp">おろく</i> (oro₂ku, “to be faint; to be foolish”)

凡此贈答二首、號曰舉歌。海驢、此云美知。踉䠙鉤、此云須須能美膩。癡騃鉤、此云于樓該膩。[...] 及至將歸、海神乃召鯛女、探其口者、卽得鉤焉。於是、進此鉤于彦火火出見尊、因奉教之曰「以此與汝兄時、乃可稱曰『大鉤、踉䠙鉤、貧鉤、癡騃鉤。』

These two stanzas, one sent, and one in reply, are what are termed age-uta. 海驢 is read mi₁ti, 踉䠙鉤 is read susuno₂mi₁di, 癡騃鉤 is read uruke₂di. … Though the Heavenly Grandchild may be divided from me by eight-fold windings (of road), I hope that we shall think of each other from time to time. Do not therefore throw them away.' And he taught him, saying:—'When thou givest this fish-hook to thy elder brother, call it thus:—'A hook of poverty, a hook of ruin, a hook of downfall.'

(hapax) a word used by 山幸 (YAMASATI) and 海幸 (UMI₁SATI) to curse fishing hooks; a trash fishing hook


うるぢ

此鉤者、淤煩鉤、須須鉤、貧鉤、宇流鉤

These fishhooks are gloomy hooks, stimulating hooks, unpleasant hooks, and completely trash hooks.

KO₂NO₂ TI pa, opo₂DI, susuDI, MADITI, uruDI


あはさ

Shōsōin document, text here
阿波佐伍斗　塩陸拾裹
5 masu of apasa. Pick up and wrap salt from the ground.


さなかづら

Appears to be a compound of 核 (sana, “seed”, not used in isolation) + 葛 (kadura, “vine”).

舂佐那【此二字以音】葛之根 取其汁滑而

Hull the roots of (read [the following] two syllables phonetically [in the Chinese text]) sanaKADURA, then take the sap that is smooth, then...

Synonym of さねかづら (sanekadura, “scarlet kadsura (Kadsura japonica)”)


つまごみに

夜久毛多都伊豆毛夜弊賀岐都麻碁微爾夜弊賀岐都久流曾能夜弊賀岐袁

The ample-fold fences of ample-clouded Izumo, to put in my spouse, I make the ample-fold fences; those ample-fold fences!

yakumo₁tatu idumo₁ yape₁gaki₁ tuma gomi₂ ni yape₁gaki₁ tukuru so₁no₁ yape₁gaki₁ wo


なぐるさの

麗妹爾鮎遠惜麗妹爾麗妹爾鮎矣惜投左乃 遠離居而

The beautiful girl's sweetfishes shall be taken! The beautiful girl's sweetfishes shall be taken! Like a thrown arrow, it gets separated apart... …

KUPASI IMO NI AYU wo TO₂RAMU TO₂ KUPASI IMO NI AYU wo TO₂RAMU TO₂ NAGURUsano₂ TO₂POZAKARIWITE

a 枕詞 (makura kotoba); alludes to とほざかる (to₂pozakaru, “to be separated afar”)


つくみ

Shōsōin document, text here
土居周長押着（異筆、下同ジ）〈「止」〉雨壷廿二口　　都久美着〈「止」〉雨壷十《五》〈「六」〉口
[Longly/boss] push on around the ground (other writings at the bottom say zi) ('stop'), rain jars [are] 22 mouths, wear a tukumi₁ ('stop'), rain jar ten 《five》 <'six'> mouths
It is not clear whether 止 is a transliteration of to₂ or has the meaning 'stop'.

(hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. The Jidai Betsu Kokugo Daijiten Jōdai-hen says "Although [one could speculate] it is like a part of a house fixture, [the exact meaning is] unknown."


ひみ

If the word is the same as Early Middle Japanese へみゆみ (hemiyumi, “(possibly) a bow made from twisted logs”), this word may possibly be cognate with 蛇 (pe₂mi₁, “snake”).

m+

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
w:Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

Early Middle Japanese
w:Early Middle Japanese

日本国語大辞典 w:ja:日本国語大辞典

Minamoto no Shitagōshū
w:Minamoto no Shitagōshū

(hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. The Jidai Betsu Kokugo Daijiten Jōdai-hen speculates that it is a name of a tree made from bow wood. It is spelled in Shōsōin documents as 肥美.

日本国語大辞典 w:ja:日本国語大辞典

The meaning of this term is uncertain. The Jidai Betsu Kokugo Daijiten Jōdai-hen speculates that it is a name of a tree made from bow wood. It is spelled in Shōsōin documents as 肥美.
According to the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (2nd edition), this name is possibly the same as Early Middle Japanese へみゆみ (hemiyumi, “(possibly) a bow made from twisted logs”), which is another hapax legomenon, attested in the Minamoto no Shitagōshū of circa 983 CE.


くるるに

Appears to be derived from Proto-Japonic *kuru (“spin”). The に (ni) appears to be the usual adverbial particle.
First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Compare modern Japanese adverb くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly”).

廢渠槽、此云祕波鵝都。捶籤、此云久斯社志。興台産靈、此云許語等武須毗。太諄辭、此云布斗能理斗。轠轤然、此云乎謀苦留留爾。瑲瑲乎、此云奴儺等母母由羅爾。


いにしへにこふるとり

inisipe₁ ni ko₂puru to₂ri (romanization)

古に戀ふる鳥: “bird yearning for olden times”, epithet for the lesser cuckoo


おほみ

Compound of 大 (opo, “great”) + 臣 (omi₁, “lord”).

逃入都夫良意富美之家也。

[He] is going to the house of Tubura Opomi.

遂共得間而出逃入圓大臣宅。

They followed together by getting the interval and leaving into the round great omi.


おほみ

Compound of 大 (opo, “great”) + 御 (mi₁-, “honorific”).


ほとほとしくに

三幣帛取神之祝我鎮齊杉原燎木伐殆之國手斧所取奴

The honoring god priest's dear cedar field; the firewood had almost been holding an axe in its hand.

mi₁NUSA TO₂RI KAMI₂ NO₂ PAPURI ga ITUKU SUGI₂PARA TAKI₁GI₂ KO₂RI POTO₂POTO₂sikuni TEWONO₂ TO₂RAYEnu


そね

desc

Japanese: そね (sone, “ridge; summit”, dialect)

>? Japanese: 曽根 (Sone)

From Proto-Japonic *səne. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *sone (“place to catch fish”).

cog

阿佐膩簸囉 鳴贈祢鳴須擬(■) 謨謀逗柁甫 奴底喩羅倶慕与 於岐毎倶羅之慕

Field of sparse cogon; past by the fertile rockland; going through many; the bell is soundly ringing! Okime may have came through!

asadipara; woso₂ne wo sugi₂(te?); momodutapu; nute yuraku mo yo₂; oki₁me₂ ku rasi mo


かかふ

Hachijō: かこう (kakō)

desc

>? Japanese: かこう (kakō, obsolete or dialect)

⇒ Japanese: かかわ (kakawa, obsolete)

錦毛奈伎布可多衣乃美留乃其等和和気佐我礼流可可布能尾肩爾打懸

I have nothing to wear on my shoulders but a rag of a sleeveless robe, without any padding, which hangs down, full of holes, like a piece of seaweed.

WATA mo naki₁ NUNOkataGI₁NU mi₁ru no₂ go₂to₂ wawake₂ sagareru kakapu nomi₂ KATA ni uti kake₂

Early Middle Japanese
Genkai
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinsen Jikyō
Shūchūshō