來

ku (romanization)
く (hiragana)
來 (irrealis stem)
こ (irrealis stem)
ko (irrealis)
來 (continuative stem)
き (continuative stem)
ki (continuative)
來 (stem terminative)
く (stem terminative)
ku (terminative)
來る (attributive stem)
くる (attributive stem)
kuru (attributive)
來れ (realis stem)
くれ (realis stem)
kure (realis)
來 (imperative stem)
來よ (imperative stem)
こ (imperative stem)
こよ (imperative stem)
ko (imperative)
koyo (imperative)
來ず (negative)
こず (negative)
kozu (negative)
來れど (contrastive)
くれど (contrastive)
kuredo (contrastive)
來れば (causative)
くれば (causative)
kureba (causative)
來ば (conditional)
こば (conditional)
koba (conditional)
來し (past)
こし (past)
きし (past)
kosi (past)
kisi (past)
來けり (past)
きけり (past)
kikeri (past)
來つ (perfect)
きつ (perfect)
kitu (perfect)
來ぬ (perfect)
きぬ (perfect)
kinu (perfect)
來たり (continuative perfect)
きたり (continuative perfect)
kitari (continuative perfect)
來む (volitional)
こむ (volitional)
komu (volitional)

Japanese: 来る (kuru)

From Proto-Japonic *ku. First attested in the Kojiki of 712.

...伊良那祁久曾許爾淤母比傅加那志祁久許許爾淤母比傅伊岐良受曾久流阿豆佐由美麻由美

...iranake₁ku so₂ko₂ ni omo₂pi₁de kanasike₁ku ko₂ko₂ ni omo₂pi₁de iki₁razu so kuru adusayumi₁ mayumi₁

將來云毛不來時有乎不來云乎將來常者不待不來云物乎

ko₂mu to₂ ipu mo ko₂nu to₂ki₁ aru wo ko₂zi to₂ ipu wo ko₂mu to₂ pa matazi ko₂zi to₂ ipu mono₂ wo

由布佐禮婆比具良之伎奈久伊故麻山古延弖曾安我久流伊毛我目乎保里

yupu sareba pi₁gurasi ki₁naku Iko₂ma-yama ko₁yete so₂ a ga kuru imo ga me₂ wo pori

to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener)

可是能等能登抱吉和伎母賀吉西斯伎奴多母登乃久太利麻欲比伎爾家利

kaze no₂ to₂ no₂ kaze no₂ to₂poki₁ wagi₁mo ga ki₁sesi ki₁nu tamoto₂ no₂ kudari mayo₁piki₁nike₁ri

(suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]


來

Eastern Old Japanese form of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 來 (ku) above.

美豆等利乃多知能已蘇岐爾父母爾毛能波須價爾弖已麻叙久夜志伎

miduto₂ri no₂ tati no₂ iso₁gi₁ ni titipapa ni mono₂pazu ke₁nite ima zo kuyasiki₁

stem or continuative conjugation of 來 (ku, “to come”) (regional, Southern Eastern Old Japanese)


出

Contraction of verb 出づ (idu), omitting the initial i-.


す

su (romanization)
せ (irrealis stem)
se (irrealis stem)
し (continuative stem)
si (continuative stem)
す (stem terminative)
su (stem terminative)
する (attributive stem)
suru (attributive stem)
すれ (realis stem)
sure (realis stem)
せよ (imperative stem)
seyo (imperative stem)
せず (negative)
sezu (negative)
すれど (contrastive)
suredo (contrastive)
すれば (causative)
sureba (causative)
せば (conditional)
seba (conditional)
しき (past)
siki (past)
しけり (past)
sikeri (past)
しつ (perfect)
situ (perfect)
しぬ (perfect)
sinu (perfect)
せり (continuative perfect)
したり (continuative perfect)
seri (continuative perfect)
sitari (continuative perfect)
せむ (volitional)
semu (volitional)

Japanese: す (su) → する (suru)

Kagoshima dialect: すっ (su')

和礼乃未夜欲布祢波許具登於毛敞礼婆於伎敝能可多爾可治能於等須奈里

ware no₂mi₂ ya yo₁pune pa ko₂gu to₂ omope₁reba oki₁pe₁ no₂ kata ni kadi no₂ oto₂ su nari


す

-su (romanization)
さ (irrealis stem)
sa (irrealis stem)
し (continuative stem)
si (continuative stem)
す (stem terminative)
su (stem terminative)
す (attributive stem)
su (attributive stem)
せ (realis stem)
se (realis stem)
せ (imperative stem)
se (imperative stem)
さず (negative)
sazu (negative)
せど (contrastive)
sedo (contrastive)
せば (causative)
seba (causative)
さば (conditional)
saba (conditional)
しき (past)
siki (past)
しけり (past)
sikeri (past)
しつ (perfect)
situ (perfect)
しぬ (perfect)
sinu (perfect)
せり (continuative perfect)
したり (continuative perfect)
seri (continuative perfect)
sitari (continuative perfect)
さむ (volitional)
samu (volitional)

Attaches to 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) and サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs.

...佐加志賣遠阿理登岐加志弖久波志賣遠阿理登伎許志弖佐用婆比爾阿理多多斯用婆比阿理加用婆勢...

...sakasi me₁ wo ari to₂ ki₁kasite kupasi me₁ wo ari to₂ ki₁ko₂site sa-yo₁bapi₁ ni ari tatasi yo₁bapi₁ ni ari kayo₁pase

...此岳尓菜採須兒家吉閑名告紗根...

...ko₂no₂ woka ni na tumasu ko₁ ipe₁ ki₁kana no₂rasane...

indicates light respect and slight affection


光る

ひかる (hiragana)
光ら (irrealis stem)
ひから (irrealis stem)
fikara (irrealis)
光り (continuative stem)
ひかり (continuative stem)
fikari (continuative)
光る (stem terminative)
ひかる (stem terminative)
fikaru (terminative)
光る (attributive stem)
ひかる (attributive stem)
fikaru (attributive)
光れ (realis stem)
ひかれ (realis stem)
fikare (realis)
光れ (imperative stem)
ひかれ (imperative stem)
fikare (imperative)
光らず (negative)
ひからず (negative)
fikarazu (negative)
光れど (contrastive)
ひかれど (contrastive)
fikaredo (contrastive)
光れば (causative)
ひかれば (causative)
fikareba (causative)
光らば (conditional)
ひからば (conditional)
fikaraba (conditional)
光りき (past)
ひかりき (past)
fikariki (past)
光りけり (past)
ひかりけり (past)
fikarikeri (past)
光りつ (perfect)
ひかりつ (perfect)
fikaritu (perfect)
光りぬ (perfect)
ひかりぬ (perfect)
fikarinu (perfect)
光れり (continuative perfect)
光りたり (continuative perfect)
ひかれり (continuative perfect)
ひかりたり (continuative perfect)
fikareri (continuative perfect)
fikaritari (continuative perfect)
光らむ (volitional)
ひからむ (volitional)
fikaramu (volitional)

Japanese: 光る (hikaru)

From Proto-Japonic *pikaru.
From stem ひか (pi₁ka-, cognate with modern ぴかぴか (pikapika), “glitteringly, sparklingly”) + る (-ru, verb suffix).
Most likely cognate with 日 (pi₁, “sun”).

suffix

cognate with modern <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">ぴかぴか</i> (pikapika), “glitteringly, sparklingly”


霞む

kasumu (romanization)
かすむ (hiragana)
霞ま (irrealis stem)
かすま (irrealis stem)
kasuma (irrealis)
霞み (continuative stem)
かすみ (continuative stem)
kasumi (continuative)
霞む (stem terminative)
かすむ (stem terminative)
kasumu (terminative)
霞む (attributive stem)
かすむ (attributive stem)
kasumu (attributive)
霞め (realis stem)
かすめ (realis stem)
kasume (realis)
霞め (imperative stem)
かすめ (imperative stem)
kasume (imperative)
霞まず (negative)
かすまず (negative)
kasumazu (negative)
霞めど (contrastive)
かすめど (contrastive)
kasumedo (contrastive)
霞めば (causative)
かすめば (causative)
kasumeba (causative)
霞まば (conditional)
かすまば (conditional)
kasumaba (conditional)
霞みき (past)
かすみき (past)
kasumiki (past)
霞みけり (past)
かすみけり (past)
kasumikeri (past)
霞みつ (perfect)
かすみつ (perfect)
kasumitu (perfect)
霞みぬ (perfect)
かすみぬ (perfect)
kasuminu (perfect)
霞めり (continuative perfect)
霞みたり (continuative perfect)
かすめり (continuative perfect)
かすみたり (continuative perfect)
kasumeri (continuative perfect)
kasumitari (continuative perfect)
霞まむ (volitional)
かすまむ (volitional)
kasumamu (volitional)

desc

Japanese: 霞む, 翳む (kasumu, intransitive and archaic transitive)

霞める, 翳める (kasumeru, modern transitive)

From stem kasu-, cognate with adjective 幽し (kaso₁ke₂si, “faint”).


申す

mawosu (romanization)
まをす (hiragana)
申さ (irrealis stem)
まをさ (irrealis stem)
mawosa (irrealis)
申し (continuative stem)
まをし (continuative stem)
mawosi (continuative)
申す (stem terminative)
まをす (stem terminative)
mawosu (terminative)
申す (attributive stem)
まをす (attributive stem)
mawosu (attributive)
申せ (realis stem)
まをせ (realis stem)
mawose (realis)
申せ (imperative stem)
まをせ (imperative stem)
mawose (imperative)
申さず (negative)
まをさず (negative)
mawosazu (negative)
申せど (contrastive)
まをせど (contrastive)
mawosedo (contrastive)
申せば (causative)
まをせば (causative)
mawoseba (causative)
申さば (conditional)
まをさば (conditional)
mawosaba (conditional)
申しき (past)
まをしき (past)
mawosiki (past)
申しけり (past)
まをしけり (past)
mawosikeri (past)
申しつ (perfect)
まをしつ (perfect)
mawositu (perfect)
申しぬ (perfect)
まをしぬ (perfect)
mawosinu (perfect)
申せり (continuative perfect)
申したり (continuative perfect)
まをせり (continuative perfect)
まをしたり (continuative perfect)
mawoseri (continuative perfect)
mawositari (continuative perfect)
申さむ (volitional)
まをさむ (volitional)
mawosamu (volitional)

to ask, request, or give thanks (to a kami or buddha)

to serve, perform an action for a superior

(auxiliary) attaches to 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb: to formally or otherwise ceremonially do [verb]


申す

mausu (romanization)
まうす (hiragana)
申さ (irrealis stem)
まうさ (irrealis stem)
mausa (irrealis)
申し (continuative stem)
まうし (continuative stem)
mausi (continuative)
申す (stem terminative)
まうす (stem terminative)
mausu (terminative)
申す (attributive stem)
まうす (attributive stem)
mausu (attributive)
申せ (realis stem)
まうせ (realis stem)
mause (realis)
申せ (imperative stem)
まうせ (imperative stem)
mause (imperative)
申さず (negative)
まうさず (negative)
mausazu (negative)
申せど (contrastive)
まうせど (contrastive)
mausedo (contrastive)
申せば (causative)
まうせば (causative)
mauseba (causative)
申さば (conditional)
まうさば (conditional)
mausaba (conditional)
申しき (past)
まうしき (past)
mausiki (past)
申しけり (past)
まうしけり (past)
mausikeri (past)
申しつ (perfect)
まうしつ (perfect)
mausitu (perfect)
申しぬ (perfect)
まうしぬ (perfect)
mausinu (perfect)
申せり (continuative perfect)
申したり (continuative perfect)
まうせり (continuative perfect)
まうしたり (continuative perfect)
mauseri (continuative perfect)
mausitari (continuative perfect)
申さむ (volitional)
まうさむ (volitional)
mausamu (volitional)

Japanese: 申す (mōsu)

⟨mawosu⟩ → */mawusu/ → /mausu/
Shift from mawosu above, attested in a few later poems of the Man'yōshū.
Since later poems also attest the use of earlier mawosu, a free variation of both pronunciations appears likely.


復つ

wotu (romanization)
をつ (hiragana)
復ち (irrealis stem)
をち (irrealis stem)
woti (irrealis)
復ち (continuative stem)
をち (continuative stem)
woti (continuative)
復つ (stem terminative)
をつ (stem terminative)
wotu (terminative)
復つる (attributive stem)
をつる (attributive stem)
woturu (attributive)
復つれ (realis stem)
をつれ (realis stem)
woture (realis)
復ちよ (imperative stem)
をちよ (imperative stem)
wotiyo (imperative)
復ちず (negative)
をちず (negative)
wotizu (negative)
復つれど (contrastive)
をつれど (contrastive)
woturedo (contrastive)
復つれば (causative)
をつれば (causative)
wotureba (causative)
復ちば (conditional)
をちば (conditional)
wotiba (conditional)
復ちき (past)
をちき (past)
wotiki (past)
復ちけり (past)
をちけり (past)
wotikeri (past)
復ちつ (perfect)
をちつ (perfect)
wotitu (perfect)
復ちぬ (perfect)
をちぬ (perfect)
wotinu (perfect)
復ちたり (continuative perfect)
をちたり (continuative perfect)
wotitari (continuative perfect)
復ちむ (volitional)
をちむ (volitional)
wotimu (volitional)

Japanese: 復つ (otsu)

The root wot- refers to “youth, original state”, with traces found in 男 (woto₂ko₁) and 乙女 (woto₂me₁).
Possibly also cognate with 遠 (woti, “distant time”).

, text here
和我佐可理伊多久久多知奴久毛爾得夫久須利波武等母麻多遠知米也母
waga sakari itaku kutatinu kumo ni to₂bu kusuri pamu to₂ mo mata wotime₂ ya mo

, text here
從古人之言來流老人之變若云水曾名爾負瀧之瀨
inisipe₁ yu pi₁to₂ no₂ ipi₁ke₁ru oipi₁to₂ no₂ wotu to₂ ipu mi₁du so₂ na ni opu taki₁ no₂ se

to return to an origin or original state, to become young again, to be rejuvenated, to be restored to a youthful state

, text here
吾妹兒者常世國爾住家良思昔見從變若益爾家利
wagi₁moko₁ pa to₂ko₂yo₂ no₂ kuni ni sumi₁ke₁rasi mukasi mi₁si yo₁ri wotimasinike₁ri


紅葉つ

もみつ (hiragana)
紅葉た (irrealis stem)
もみた (irrealis stem)
momita (irrealis)
紅葉ち (continuative stem)
もみち (continuative stem)
momiti (continuative)
紅葉つ (stem terminative)
もみつ (stem terminative)
momitu (terminative)
紅葉つ (attributive stem)
もみつ (attributive stem)
momitu (attributive)
紅葉て (realis stem)
もみて (realis stem)
momite (realis)
紅葉て (imperative stem)
もみて (imperative stem)
momite (imperative)
紅葉たず (negative)
もみたず (negative)
momitazu (negative)
紅葉てど (contrastive)
もみてど (contrastive)
momitedo (contrastive)
紅葉てば (causative)
もみてば (causative)
momiteba (causative)
紅葉たば (conditional)
もみたば (conditional)
momitaba (conditional)
紅葉ちき (past)
もみちき (past)
momitiki (past)
紅葉ちけり (past)
もみちけり (past)
momitikeri (past)
紅葉ちつ (perfect)
もみちつ (perfect)
momititu (perfect)
紅葉ちぬ (perfect)
もみちぬ (perfect)
momitinu (perfect)
紅葉てり (continuative perfect)
紅葉ちたり (continuative perfect)
もみてり (continuative perfect)
もみちたり (continuative perfect)
momiteri (continuative perfect)
momititari (continuative perfect)
紅葉たむ (volitional)
もみたむ (volitional)
momitamu (volitional)

Japanese: 紅葉づ (momizu)

吾屋前之芽子乃下葉者秋風毛未吹者如此曽毛美照

waga yado no hagi no shitaba wa akikaze mo imada fukaneba kaku zo momiteru

The underleaves of bush clover from my garden have turned this bright even though the autumn wind has not yet begun to blow.

to turn (color) in autumn, said of leaves


出づ

idu (romanization)
いづ (hiragana)
出で (irrealis stem)
いで (irrealis stem)
ide (irrealis)
出で (continuative stem)
いで (continuative stem)
ide (continuative)
出づ (stem terminative)
いづ (stem terminative)
idu (terminative)
出づる (attributive stem)
いづる (attributive stem)
iduru (attributive)
出づれ (realis stem)
いづれ (realis stem)
idure (realis)
出でよ (imperative stem)
いでよ (imperative stem)
ideyo (imperative)
出でず (negative)
いでず (negative)
idezu (negative)
出づれど (contrastive)
いづれど (contrastive)
iduredo (contrastive)
出づれば (causative)
いづれば (causative)
idureba (causative)
出でば (conditional)
いでば (conditional)
ideba (conditional)
出でき (past)
いでき (past)
ideki (past)
出でけり (past)
いでけり (past)
idekeri (past)
出でつ (perfect)
いでつ (perfect)
idetu (perfect)
出でぬ (perfect)
いでぬ (perfect)
idenu (perfect)
出でたり (continuative perfect)
いでたり (continuative perfect)
idetari (continuative perfect)
出でむ (volitional)
いでむ (volitional)
idemu (volitional)

Japanese: 出づ (izu)

出だす (idasu) → 出す (dasu)

出る (deru)

...阿遠夜麻邇比賀迦久良婆奴婆多麻能用波伊傅那牟...

711–712, Kojiki, upper volume (Ōkuninushi no mikoto; poem 3):

When the sun hides in the green mountain, the pitch-black night is about to fall.

...awoyama ni pi₁ ga kakuraba nubatama no₂ yo₁ pa idenamu...

宇磨佐開瀰和能等能能阿佐妬珥毛伊弟低由介那瀰和能等能渡塢

Jin'ichi Konishi (2017) Nicholas Teele, transl., Earl Roy Miner, editor, A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 1: The Archaic and Ancient Ages (Volume 4935 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 142

Morning dawns at Miwa, famous for delicious sake: let us open the shrine portals and go out into the day, opening the shrine portals of Miwa.

umasake₂ Mi₁wa no₂ to₂no₂ no₂ asato₁ ni mo idete yukana Mi₁wa no₂ to₂no₂to₁ wo

阿之我利能刀比能可布知爾伊豆流湯能余爾母多欲良爾故呂河伊波奈久爾

Like Ashigari’s riverside Tohi where the hot spring is able to be seen, never in this time she says anything bad [to me].

Asigari no₂ To₁pi₁-no₂-kaputi ni iduru yu no₂ yo₂ ni mo tayo₁rani ko₁ro₂ ga ipanaku ni

言出云忌忌山川之當都心塞耐在

Herbert E. Plutschow (1990) Chaos and Cosmos: Ritual in Early and Medieval Japanese Literature (Volume 1 of Brill's Japanese Studies Library), BRILL, →ISBN, page 83

If I said out loud what moves my heart like the swift current of a mountain river, I would break a taboo.

ko₂to₂ ni idete ipaba yuyusimi₁ yamagapa no₂ tagi₁tu ko₂ko₂ro₂ wo sekiape₂te ari

(transitive) to produce, pull out, to make apparent


抱く

mudaku (romanization)
むだく (hiragana)
抱か (irrealis stem)
むだか (irrealis stem)
mudaka (irrealis)
抱き (continuative stem)
むだき (continuative stem)
mudaki (continuative)
抱く (stem terminative)
むだく (stem terminative)
mudaku (terminative)
抱く (attributive stem)
むだく (attributive stem)
mudaku (attributive)
抱け (realis stem)
むだけ (realis stem)
mudake (realis)
抱け (imperative stem)
むだけ (imperative stem)
mudake (imperative)
抱かず (negative)
むだかず (negative)
mudakazu (negative)
抱けど (contrastive)
むだけど (contrastive)
mudakedo (contrastive)
抱けば (causative)
むだけば (causative)
mudakeba (causative)
抱かば (conditional)
むだかば (conditional)
mudakaba (conditional)
抱きき (past)
むだきき (past)
mudakiki (past)
抱きけり (past)
むだきけり (past)
mudakikeri (past)
抱きつ (perfect)
むだきつ (perfect)
mudakitu (perfect)
抱きぬ (perfect)
むだきぬ (perfect)
mudakinu (perfect)
抱けり (continuative perfect)
抱きたり (continuative perfect)
むだけり (continuative perfect)
むだきたり (continuative perfect)
mudakeri (continuative perfect)
mudakitari (continuative perfect)
抱かむ (volitional)
むだかむ (volitional)
mudakamu (volitional)

Japanese: 抱く (udaku → idaku → daku)

Probably a compound of 身 (mu, combining form of mi₂, “body”) + 綰く (taku, “to do an action using one's hands”).
First cited in the Man'yōshū of roughly 759 CE. Not attested past the early Heian period.
The Nihon Ryōiki also attests udaki (宇于伎) and udakasi■ (有太加之■).

compound

腋挾 兒乃泣毎 雄自毛能 負見抱見

I caress under those arms; every time he crys, it is like a boy; I bear with it and hug it.

WAKI₁BASAMU KO₁ no₂ NAKU GO₂TO₂ NI WOTO₂KO₁zimono₂ OPI₁ MI₁ MUDAKI₁ MI₁

可美都気努 安蘇能麻素武良 可伎武太伎 奴礼杼安加奴乎 安杼加安我世牟

I embrace those hemps at Kamitukeno Aso; although I sleep, it's not satisfactory; what should I do?

kami₁tuke₂no₁ aso₁ no₂ maso₁mura kaki₁mudaki₁ nuredo₂ akanu wo ado₂ ka a ga semu

抱持、上取也、牟太久

Daijisen
Heian period
Man'yōshū
Nihon Ryōiki
ja:松村明


重なる

kasanaru (romanization)
かさなる (hiragana)
重なら (irrealis stem)
かさなら (irrealis stem)
kasanara (irrealis)
重なり (continuative stem)
かさなり (continuative stem)
kasanari (continuative)
重なる (stem terminative)
かさなる (stem terminative)
kasanaru (terminative)
重なる (attributive stem)
かさなる (attributive stem)
kasanaru (attributive)
重なれ (realis stem)
かさなれ (realis stem)
kasanare (realis)
重なれ (imperative stem)
かさなれ (imperative stem)
kasanare (imperative)
重ならず (negative)
かさならず (negative)
kasanarazu (negative)
重なれど (contrastive)
かさなれど (contrastive)
kasanaredo (contrastive)
重なれば (causative)
かさなれば (causative)
kasanareba (causative)
重ならば (conditional)
かさならば (conditional)
kasanaraba (conditional)
重なりき (past)
かさなりき (past)
kasanariki (past)
重なりけり (past)
かさなりけり (past)
kasanarikeri (past)
重なりつ (perfect)
かさなりつ (perfect)
kasanaritu (perfect)
重なりぬ (perfect)
かさなりぬ (perfect)
kasanarinu (perfect)
重なれり (continuative perfect)
重なりたり (continuative perfect)
かさなれり (continuative perfect)
かさなりたり (continuative perfect)
kasanareri (continuative perfect)
kasanaritari (continuative perfect)
重ならむ (volitional)
かさならむ (volitional)
kasanaramu (volitional)

Japanese: 重なる (kasanaru)

Possibly the attributive -ari form of verb 重ぬ (kasanu).

to line up especially in an orderly fashion


憚る

Japanese: 憚る (habakaru)

From a pab- stem cognate with modern Japanese 阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”).

cog

, text here
...阿良志乎母多志夜波婆可流不破乃世伎久江弖和波由久...
...arasi wo mo tasi pabakaru Pupa-no₂-seki₁ kuyete wa pa yuku...
Will a wild man hesitate to stand? Across the barrier of Fuwa I go.

(intransitive) to hesitate, to be afraid to do

; Maeda-bon glosses
然重_二皇后之言_一、亦敦_二友于之義_一而忍_レ之勿_レ罪
But [the Emperor] was wary of the Empress’s words; out of respect for the rules of brotherhood, he was patient and did not punish [his son].


生ふ

opu (romanization)
おふ (hiragana)
生ひ (irrealis stem)
おひ (irrealis stem)
ofi (irrealis)
生ひ (continuative stem)
おひ (continuative stem)
ofi (continuative)
生ふ (stem terminative)
おふ (stem terminative)
ofu (terminative)
生ふる (attributive stem)
おふる (attributive stem)
ofuru (attributive)
生ふれ (realis stem)
おふれ (realis stem)
ofure (realis)
生ひよ (imperative stem)
おひよ (imperative stem)
ofiyo (imperative)
生ひず (negative)
おひず (negative)
ofizu (negative)
生ふれど (contrastive)
おふれど (contrastive)
ofuredo (contrastive)
生ふれば (causative)
おふれば (causative)
ofureba (causative)
生ひば (conditional)
おひば (conditional)
ofiba (conditional)
生ひき (past)
おひき (past)
ofiki (past)
生ひけり (past)
おひけり (past)
ofikeri (past)
生ひつ (perfect)
おひつ (perfect)
ofitu (perfect)
生ひぬ (perfect)
おひぬ (perfect)
ofinu (perfect)
生ひたり (continuative perfect)
おひたり (continuative perfect)
ofitari (continuative perfect)
生ひむ (volitional)
おひむ (volitional)
ofimu (volitional)

Japanese: 生ふ (ou)

Appears to be cognate with an op- stem that also derives the stem 大 (opo-, “big, large”) and possibly the verb 覆ふ (opu, “to cover”).

...母登爾波伊久美陀氣淤斐須恵幣爾波多斯美陀氣淤斐...

711–712, Kojiki, lower volume (Emperor Yūryaku; poem 91):

...mo₂to₂ ni pa ikumi₁dake₂ opi₂ suwepe₁ ni pa tasimi₁dake₂ opi₂...

烏玉之夜之深去者久木生留淸河原爾知鳥數鳴

nubatama no₂ yo₁ no₂ puke₂yuke₂ba pi₁sagi₂ opuru ki₁yo₁ki₁ kapara ni tido₂ri sibanaku

(of plants or trees) to grow large, spring up


生ゆ

Japanese: 生える (haeru)


けり

けら (irrealis stem)
kera (irrealis stem)
けり (continuative stem)
keri (continuative stem)
けり (stem terminative)
keri (stem terminative)
ける (attributive stem)
keru (attributive stem)
けれ (realis stem)
kere (realis stem)
けれ (imperative stem)
kere (imperative stem)
けらず (negative)
kerazu (negative)
けれど (contrastive)
keredo (contrastive)
ければ (causative)
kereba (causative)
けらば (conditional)
keraba (conditional)
けりき (past)
keriki (past)
けりけり (past)
kerikeri (past)
けりつ (perfect)
keritu (perfect)
けりぬ (perfect)
kerinu (perfect)
けりたり (continuative perfect)
keritari (continuative perfect)
けらむ (volitional)
keramu (volitional)


かへる

反る, 返る: to turn backwards, to flip or turn so the back side is facing forwards; to turn upside-down; to fall over on a side; to turn over

返る: to start again, to renew (generally in reference to the new year)

歸る: to arrive back home; to leave in order to go home


かはる

變はる: to change, become different; to renew (said of months and/or years)


かふ

kapu (romanization)
かは (irrealis stem)
kafa (irrealis stem)
かひ (continuative stem)
kafi (continuative stem)
かふ (stem terminative)
kafu (stem terminative)
かふ (attributive stem)
kafu (attributive stem)
かへ (realis stem)
kafe (realis stem)
かへ (imperative stem)
kafe (imperative stem)
かはず (negative)
kafazu (negative)
かへど (contrastive)
kafedo (contrastive)
かへば (causative)
kafeba (causative)
かはば (conditional)
kafaba (conditional)
かひき (past)
kafiki (past)
かひけり (past)
kafikeri (past)
かひつ (perfect)
kafitu (perfect)
かひぬ (perfect)
kafinu (perfect)
かへり (continuative perfect)
かひたり (continuative perfect)
kaferi (continuative perfect)
kafitari (continuative perfect)
かはむ (volitional)
kafamu (volitional)


かふ

kapu (romanization)
かへ (irrealis stem)
kafe (irrealis stem)
かへ (continuative stem)
kafe (continuative stem)
かふ (stem terminative)
kafu (stem terminative)
かふる (attributive stem)
kafuru (attributive stem)
かふれ (realis stem)
kafure (realis stem)
かへよ (imperative stem)
kafeyo (imperative stem)
かへず (negative)
kafezu (negative)
かふれど (contrastive)
kafuredo (contrastive)
かふれば (causative)
kafureba (causative)
かへば (conditional)
kafeba (conditional)
かへき (past)
kafeki (past)
かへけり (past)
kafekeri (past)
かへつ (perfect)
kafetu (perfect)
かへぬ (perfect)
kafenu (perfect)
かへたり (continuative perfect)
kafetari (continuative perfect)
かへむ (volitional)
kafemu (volitional)

Japanese: 変える (kaeru)

From Proto-Japonic *kapaCi, cognate with Etymology 1 senses above.

換ふ, 易ふ: to replace; to exchange, interchange


千早ぶ

tipayabu (romanization)
ちはやぶ (hiragana)
千早び (irrealis stem)
ちはやび (irrealis stem)
tifayabi (irrealis)
千早び (continuative stem)
ちはやび (continuative stem)
tifayabi (continuative)
千早ぶ (stem terminative)
ちはやぶ (stem terminative)
tifayabu (terminative)
千早ぶる (attributive stem)
ちはやぶる (attributive stem)
tifayaburu (attributive)
千早ぶれ (realis stem)
ちはやぶれ (realis stem)
tifayabure (realis)
千早びよ (imperative stem)
ちはやびよ (imperative stem)
tifayabiyo (imperative)
千早びず (negative)
ちはやびず (negative)
tifayabizu (negative)
千早ぶれど (contrastive)
ちはやぶれど (contrastive)
tifayaburedo (contrastive)
千早ぶれば (causative)
ちはやぶれば (causative)
tifayabureba (causative)
千早びば (conditional)
ちはやびば (conditional)
tifayabiba (conditional)
千早びき (past)
ちはやびき (past)
tifayabiki (past)
千早びけり (past)
ちはやびけり (past)
tifayabikeri (past)
千早びつ (perfect)
ちはやびつ (perfect)
tifayabitu (perfect)
千早びぬ (perfect)
ちはやびぬ (perfect)
tifayabinu (perfect)
千早びたり (continuative perfect)
ちはやびたり (continuative perfect)
tifayabitari (continuative perfect)
千早びむ (volitional)
ちはやびむ (volitional)
tifayabimu (volitional)

Japanese: 千早ぶ (chihayabu)

Shift from verb 逸早ぶ (itipayabu, “to move or act quickly and strongly”).

to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power


黄葉つ

もみつ (hiragana)
黄葉た (irrealis stem)
もみた (irrealis stem)
momita (irrealis)
黄葉ち (continuative stem)
もみち (continuative stem)
momiti (continuative)
黄葉つ (stem terminative)
もみつ (stem terminative)
momitu (terminative)
黄葉つ (attributive stem)
もみつ (attributive stem)
momitu (attributive)
黄葉て (realis stem)
もみて (realis stem)
momite (realis)
黄葉て (imperative stem)
もみて (imperative stem)
momite (imperative)
黄葉たず (negative)
もみたず (negative)
momitazu (negative)
黄葉てど (contrastive)
もみてど (contrastive)
momitedo (contrastive)
黄葉てば (causative)
もみてば (causative)
momiteba (causative)
黄葉たば (conditional)
もみたば (conditional)
momitaba (conditional)
黄葉ちき (past)
もみちき (past)
momitiki (past)
黄葉ちけり (past)
もみちけり (past)
momitikeri (past)
黄葉ちつ (perfect)
もみちつ (perfect)
momititu (perfect)
黄葉ちぬ (perfect)
もみちぬ (perfect)
momitinu (perfect)
黄葉てり (continuative perfect)
黄葉ちたり (continuative perfect)
もみてり (continuative perfect)
もみちたり (continuative perfect)
momiteri (continuative perfect)
momititari (continuative perfect)
黄葉たむ (volitional)
もみたむ (volitional)
momitamu (volitional)

Japanese: 黄葉づ (momizu)

秋山尓黄反木葉乃移去者更哉秋乎欲見世武

akiyama ni momitsu konoha no utsurinaba sara ni ya aki o mimaku-horisemu

In the autumnhills, the leaves of the trees have taken on colour; if they have changed, once again, shall not I long to see autumn?


聞こゆ

きこゆ (hiragana)
聞こえ (irrealis stem)
きこえ (irrealis stem)
kikoe (irrealis)
聞こえ (continuative stem)
きこえ (continuative stem)
kikoe (continuative)
聞こゆ (stem terminative)
きこゆ (stem terminative)
kikoyu (terminative)
聞こゆる (attributive stem)
きこゆる (attributive stem)
kikoyuru (attributive)
聞こゆれ (realis stem)
きこゆれ (realis stem)
kikoyure (realis)
聞こえよ (imperative stem)
きこえよ (imperative stem)
kikoeyo (imperative)
聞こえず (negative)
きこえず (negative)
kikoezu (negative)
聞こゆれど (contrastive)
きこゆれど (contrastive)
kikoyuredo (contrastive)
聞こゆれば (causative)
きこゆれば (causative)
kikoyureba (causative)
聞こえば (conditional)
きこえば (conditional)
kikoeba (conditional)
聞こえき (past)
きこえき (past)
kikoeki (past)
聞こえけり (past)
きこえけり (past)
kikoekeri (past)
聞こえつ (perfect)
きこえつ (perfect)
kikoetu (perfect)
聞こえぬ (perfect)
きこえぬ (perfect)
kikoenu (perfect)
聞こえたり (continuative perfect)
きこえたり (continuative perfect)
kikoetari (continuative perfect)
聞こえむ (volitional)
きこえむ (volitional)
kikoemu (volitional)

Japanese: 聞こゆ (kikoyu)

Derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 聞く (ki₁ku, “to hear, listen”) ki₁ka + ゆ (-yu, attributive suffix).

, text here
都武賀野尓須受我於等伎許由可牟思太能等能乃奈可知師登我里須良思母
Tumugano₁ ni suzu ga oto₂ ki₁ko₂yu Kamusida no₂ to₂no₂ no₂ nakati si to₂gari sura simo


もみつ

紅葉つ, 黄葉つ: to color in autumn, said of leaves


寢ぬ

inu (romanization)
いぬ (hiragana)
寢ね (irrealis stem)
いね (irrealis stem)
ine (irrealis)
寢ね (continuative stem)
いね (continuative stem)
ine (continuative)
寢ぬ (stem terminative)
いぬ (stem terminative)
inu (terminative)
寢ぬる (attributive stem)
いぬる (attributive stem)
inuru (attributive)
寢ぬれ (realis stem)
いぬれ (realis stem)
inure (realis)
寢ねよ (imperative stem)
いねよ (imperative stem)
ineyo (imperative)
寢ねず (negative)
いねず (negative)
inezu (negative)
寢ぬれど (contrastive)
いぬれど (contrastive)
inuredo (contrastive)
寢ぬれば (causative)
いぬれば (causative)
inureba (causative)
寢ねば (conditional)
いねば (conditional)
ineba (conditional)
寢ねき (past)
いねき (past)
ineki (past)
寢ねけり (past)
いねけり (past)
inekeri (past)
寢ねつ (perfect)
いねつ (perfect)
inetu (perfect)
寢ねぬ (perfect)
いねぬ (perfect)
inenu (perfect)
寢ねたり (continuative perfect)
いねたり (continuative perfect)
inetari (continuative perfect)
寢ねむ (volitional)
いねむ (volitional)
inemu (volitional)

Japanese: 寝ぬ (inu)

Derived from 寢 (i, “sleep”) + 寢 (nu, “to sleep”).

, text here
暮去者小倉乃山尓鳴鹿者今夜波不鳴寐宿家良思母
yupu sareba Wogura-no₂-yama ni naku sika pa ko₂yo₂pi₁ panakazu inenike₁rasi mo
The deer at Ogura Mountain, which cries when evening arrives, appears to have fallen asleep tonight without crying.


漕ぎ出づ

こぎいづ (hiragana)
漕ぎ出で (irrealis stem)
こぎいで (irrealis stem)
kogiide (irrealis)
漕ぎ出で (continuative stem)
こぎいで (continuative stem)
kogiide (continuative)
漕ぎ出づ (stem terminative)
こぎいづ (stem terminative)
kogiidu (terminative)
漕ぎ出づる (attributive stem)
こぎいづる (attributive stem)
kogiiduru (attributive)
漕ぎ出づれ (realis stem)
こぎいづれ (realis stem)
kogiidure (realis)
漕ぎ出でよ (imperative stem)
こぎいでよ (imperative stem)
kogiideyo (imperative)
漕ぎ出でず (negative)
こぎいでず (negative)
kogiidezu (negative)
漕ぎ出づれど (contrastive)
こぎいづれど (contrastive)
kogiiduredo (contrastive)
漕ぎ出づれば (causative)
こぎいづれば (causative)
kogiidureba (causative)
漕ぎ出でば (conditional)
こぎいでば (conditional)
kogiideba (conditional)
漕ぎ出でき (past)
こぎいでき (past)
kogiideki (past)
漕ぎ出でけり (past)
こぎいでけり (past)
kogiidekeri (past)
漕ぎ出でつ (perfect)
こぎいでつ (perfect)
kogiidetu (perfect)
漕ぎ出でぬ (perfect)
こぎいでぬ (perfect)
kogiidenu (perfect)
漕ぎ出でたり (continuative perfect)
こぎいでたり (continuative perfect)
kogiidetari (continuative perfect)
漕ぎ出でむ (volitional)
こぎいでむ (volitional)
kogiidemu (volitional)

Japanese: 漕ぎ出づ (kogiizu)

Compound of 漕ぎ (ko₂gi₁, “paddling, rowing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 漕ぐ (ko₂gu), “to paddle, row”) + 出づ (idu, “to depart, leave”).

com

, text here
熟田津爾船乘世武登月待者潮毛可奈比沼今者許藝乞菜
Niki₁ta-tu ni punano₂ri semu to₂ tuki₂ mateba sipo mo kanapi₁nu ima pa ko₂gi₁idena
We've waited for the moonrise before boarding ship in Nikitatsu harbor; now the tide is full―let us row out to sea!


淺す

asu (romanization)
あす (hiragana)
淺せ (irrealis stem)
あせ (irrealis stem)
ase (irrealis)
淺せ (continuative stem)
あせ (continuative stem)
ase (continuative)
淺す (stem terminative)
あす (stem terminative)
asu (terminative)
淺する (attributive stem)
あする (attributive stem)
asuru (attributive)
淺すれ (realis stem)
あすれ (realis stem)
asure (realis)
淺せよ (imperative stem)
あせよ (imperative stem)
aseyo (imperative)
淺せず (negative)
あせず (negative)
asezu (negative)
淺すれど (contrastive)
あすれど (contrastive)
asuredo (contrastive)
淺すれば (causative)
あすれば (causative)
asureba (causative)
淺せば (conditional)
あせば (conditional)
aseba (conditional)
淺せき (past)
あせき (past)
aseki (past)
淺せけり (past)
あせけり (past)
asekeri (past)
淺せつ (perfect)
あせつ (perfect)
asetu (perfect)
淺せぬ (perfect)
あせぬ (perfect)
asenu (perfect)
淺せたり (continuative perfect)
あせたり (continuative perfect)
asetari (continuative perfect)
淺せむ (volitional)
あせむ (volitional)
asemu (volitional)

desc

Japanese: 浅せる (aseru, “to dry up”), 褪せる (aseru, “to fade, discolor”)

The as- stem likely refers to “morning, after the dawn”; by extension, “early”.

, text here
久方乃天之探女之石船乃泊師高津者淺爾家留香裳
pi₁sakata no₂ Ama no₂ Sagume₁ ga ipapune no₂ patesi Takatu pa asenike₁ru ka mo
The eternal Ama no Sagume [and her] rocky boat came to rest at Takatsu, drying it up.

(of a body of water) to dry up, become shallow


淺す

asu (romanization)
あす (hiragana)
淺さ (irrealis stem)
あさ (irrealis stem)
asa (irrealis)
淺し (continuative stem)
あし (continuative stem)
asi (continuative)
淺す (stem terminative)
あす (stem terminative)
asu (terminative)
淺す (attributive stem)
あす (attributive stem)
asu (attributive)
淺せ (realis stem)
あせ (realis stem)
ase (realis)
淺せ (imperative stem)
あせ (imperative stem)
ase (imperative)
淺さず (negative)
あさず (negative)
asazu (negative)
淺せど (contrastive)
あせど (contrastive)
asedo (contrastive)
淺せば (causative)
あせば (causative)
aseba (causative)
淺さば (conditional)
あさば (conditional)
asaba (conditional)
淺しき (past)
あしき (past)
asiki (past)
淺しけり (past)
あしけり (past)
asikeri (past)
淺しつ (perfect)
あしつ (perfect)
asitu (perfect)
淺しぬ (perfect)
あしぬ (perfect)
asinu (perfect)
淺せり (continuative perfect)
淺したり (continuative perfect)
あせり (continuative perfect)
あしたり (continuative perfect)
aseri (continuative perfect)
asitari (continuative perfect)
淺さむ (volitional)
あさむ (volitional)
asamu (volitional)

Japanese: 浅 (asa-)

, text here
等保都安布美伊奈佐保曾江乃水乎都久思安禮乎多能米弖安佐麻之物能乎
To₂po-tu-apumi₁ Inasa-poso₂ye no₂ mi₁wotukusi are wo tano₂me₂te asamasi mono₂ wo
O Tōtōmi’s narrow inlet Inasa with its channel-markers: I’d ask you to leave me dry!


隠る

kakuru (romanization)
かくる (hiragana)
隠ら (irrealis stem)
かくら (irrealis stem)
kakura (irrealis)
隠り (continuative stem)
かくり (continuative stem)
kakuri (continuative)
隠る (stem terminative)
かくる (stem terminative)
kakuru (terminative)
隠る (attributive stem)
かくる (attributive stem)
kakuru (attributive)
隠れ (realis stem)
かくれ (realis stem)
kakure (realis)
隠れ (imperative stem)
かくれ (imperative stem)
kakure (imperative)
隠らず (negative)
かくらず (negative)
kakurazu (negative)
隠れど (contrastive)
かくれど (contrastive)
kakuredo (contrastive)
隠れば (causative)
かくれば (causative)
kakureba (causative)
隠らば (conditional)
かくらば (conditional)
kakuraba (conditional)
隠りき (past)
かくりき (past)
kakuriki (past)
隠りけり (past)
かくりけり (past)
kakurikeri (past)
隠りつ (perfect)
かくりつ (perfect)
kakuritu (perfect)
隠りぬ (perfect)
かくりぬ (perfect)
kakurinu (perfect)
隠れり (continuative perfect)
隠りたり (continuative perfect)
かくれり (continuative perfect)
かくりたり (continuative perfect)
kakureri (continuative perfect)
kakuritari (continuative perfect)
隠らむ (volitional)
かくらむ (volitional)
kakuramu (volitional)

Japanese: 隠れる (kakureru)


隠る

こもる (hiragana)
隠ら (irrealis stem)
こもら (irrealis stem)
komora (irrealis)
隠り (continuative stem)
こもり (continuative stem)
komori (continuative)
隠る (stem terminative)
こもる (stem terminative)
komoru (terminative)
隠る (attributive stem)
こもる (attributive stem)
komoru (attributive)
隠れ (realis stem)
こもれ (realis stem)
komore (realis)
隠れ (imperative stem)
こもれ (imperative stem)
komore (imperative)
隠らず (negative)
こもらず (negative)
komorazu (negative)
隠れど (contrastive)
こもれど (contrastive)
komoredo (contrastive)
隠れば (causative)
こもれば (causative)
komoreba (causative)
隠らば (conditional)
こもらば (conditional)
komoraba (conditional)
隠りき (past)
こもりき (past)
komoriki (past)
隠りけり (past)
こもりけり (past)
komorikeri (past)
隠りつ (perfect)
こもりつ (perfect)
komoritu (perfect)
隠りぬ (perfect)
こもりぬ (perfect)
komorinu (perfect)
隠れり (continuative perfect)
隠りたり (continuative perfect)
こもれり (continuative perfect)
こもりたり (continuative perfect)
komoreri (continuative perfect)
komoritari (continuative perfect)
隠らむ (volitional)
こもらむ (volitional)
komoramu (volitional)

Japanese: 籠もる (komoru)

The stem kom- relates to “fill” and “filling”, cognate with 込む (ko₂mu, “to conceal”) and possibly 米 (ko₂me₂, “husked rice”).


隠る

namaru (romanization)
なまる (hiragana)
隠ら (irrealis stem)
なまら (irrealis stem)
namara (irrealis)
隠り (continuative stem)
なまり (continuative stem)
namari (continuative)
隠る (stem terminative)
なまる (stem terminative)
namaru (terminative)
隠る (attributive stem)
なまる (attributive stem)
namaru (attributive)
隠れ (realis stem)
なまれ (realis stem)
namare (realis)
隠れ (imperative stem)
なまれ (imperative stem)
namare (imperative)
隠らず (negative)
なまらず (negative)
namarazu (negative)
隠れど (contrastive)
なまれど (contrastive)
namaredo (contrastive)
隠れば (causative)
なまれば (causative)
namareba (causative)
隠らば (conditional)
なまらば (conditional)
namaraba (conditional)
隠りき (past)
なまりき (past)
namariki (past)
隠りけり (past)
なまりけり (past)
namarikeri (past)
隠りつ (perfect)
なまりつ (perfect)
namaritu (perfect)
隠りぬ (perfect)
なまりぬ (perfect)
namarinu (perfect)
隠れり (continuative perfect)
隠りたり (continuative perfect)
なまれり (continuative perfect)
なまりたり (continuative perfect)
namareri (continuative perfect)
namaritari (continuative perfect)
隠らむ (volitional)
なまらむ (volitional)
namaramu (volitional)

Japanese: 隠る (nabaru)


參る

mawiru (romanization)
まゐる (hiragana)
參 (irrealis stem)
まゐ (irrealis stem)
mawi (irrealis)
參 (continuative stem)
まゐ (continuative stem)
mawi (continuative)
參る (stem terminative)
まゐる (stem terminative)
mawiru (terminative)
參る (attributive stem)
まゐる (attributive stem)
mawiru (attributive)
參れ (realis stem)
まゐれ (realis stem)
mawire (realis)
參よ (imperative stem)
まゐよ (imperative stem)
mawiyo (imperative)
參ず (negative)
まゐず (negative)
mawizu (negative)
參れど (contrastive)
まゐれど (contrastive)
mawiredo (contrastive)
參れば (causative)
まゐれば (causative)
mawireba (causative)
參ば (conditional)
まゐば (conditional)
mawiba (conditional)
參き (past)
まゐき (past)
mawiki (past)
參けり (past)
まゐけり (past)
mawikeri (past)
參つ (perfect)
まゐつ (perfect)
mawitu (perfect)
參ぬ (perfect)
まゐぬ (perfect)
mawinu (perfect)
參たり (continuative perfect)
まゐたり (continuative perfect)
mawitari (continuative perfect)
參む (volitional)
まゐむ (volitional)
mawimu (volitional)

Possibly from a maw- stem cognate with 申す (mawosu, “to say, be called”).

己乃美阿止乎多豆禰毛止米弖与伎比止乃伊麻須久爾爾波和禮毛麻胃弖牟毛呂毛呂乎爲弖

ko₂no₂ mi₁-ato₂ wo tadunemoto₂me₂te yo₂ki₁ pi₁to₂ no₂ imasu kuni ni pa ware mo mawitemu moro₂moro₂ wo wite

, text here
...彌夜故敞爾末為之和我世乎安良多末乃等之由吉我弊理...
...mi₁yako₁pe₁ ni mawisi waga se wo aratama no₂ to₂si yuki₁gape₁ri...

, text here
於保伎美能美許等爾作例波知知波波乎以波比弊等於枳弖麻爲弖枳爾之乎
opoki₁mi₁ no₂ mi₁-ko₂to₂ ni sareba titipapa wo ipapi₁be₁ to₂ oki₁te mawite ki₁nisi wo


參る

mawiru (romanization)
まゐる (hiragana)
參ら (irrealis stem)
まゐら (irrealis stem)
mawira (irrealis)
參り (continuative stem)
まゐり (continuative stem)
mawiri (continuative)
參る (stem terminative)
まゐる (stem terminative)
mawiru (terminative)
參る (attributive stem)
まゐる (attributive stem)
mawiru (attributive)
參れ (realis stem)
まゐれ (realis stem)
mawire (realis)
參れ (imperative stem)
まゐれ (imperative stem)
mawire (imperative)
參らず (negative)
まゐらず (negative)
mawirazu (negative)
參れど (contrastive)
まゐれど (contrastive)
mawiredo (contrastive)
參れば (causative)
まゐれば (causative)
mawireba (causative)
參らば (conditional)
まゐらば (conditional)
mawiraba (conditional)
參りき (past)
まゐりき (past)
mawiriki (past)
參りけり (past)
まゐりけり (past)
mawirikeri (past)
參りつ (perfect)
まゐりつ (perfect)
mawiritu (perfect)
參りぬ (perfect)
まゐりぬ (perfect)
mawirinu (perfect)
參れり (continuative perfect)
參りたり (continuative perfect)
まゐれり (continuative perfect)
まゐりたり (continuative perfect)
mawireri (continuative perfect)
mawiritari (continuative perfect)
參らむ (volitional)
まゐらむ (volitional)
mawiramu (volitional)

Japanese: 参る (mairu)

Compound of 參 (mawi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verb 參る (mawiru), “to call on”, see above) + 入る (iru, “to enter”), the second i removed due to absence of vowel clusters.

com

, text here
一日者千遍參入之東乃大寸御門乎入不勝鴨
pi₁to₂pi₁ ni pa titabi₁ mawirisi *pi₁mukasi no₂ opoki₁ mi₁kado₁ wo irikatenu ka mo

(humble) to go, enter, visit especially a court


とりよろふ

とりよろは (irrealis stem)
toryorofa (irrealis stem)
とりよろひ (continuative stem)
toryorofi (continuative stem)
とりよろふ (stem terminative)
toryorofu (stem terminative)
とりよろふ (attributive stem)
toryorofu (attributive stem)
とりよろへ (realis stem)
toryorofe (realis stem)
とりよろへ (imperative stem)
toryorofe (imperative stem)
とりよろはず (negative)
toryorofazu (negative)
とりよろへど (contrastive)
toryorofedo (contrastive)
とりよろへば (causative)
toryorofeba (causative)
とりよろはば (conditional)
toryorofaba (conditional)
とりよろひき (past)
toryorofiki (past)
とりよろひけり (past)
toryorofikeri (past)
とりよろひつ (perfect)
toryorofitu (perfect)
とりよろひぬ (perfect)
toryorofinu (perfect)
とりよろへり (continuative perfect)
とりよろひたり (continuative perfect)
toryoroferi (continuative perfect)
toryorofitari (continuative perfect)
とりよろはむ (volitional)
toryorofamu (volitional)

Japanese: とりよろう (toriyorou)

Derivation possibly unknown. By surface analysis, 取り (to₂ri, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 取る (to₂ru), “to take”) + 鎧ふ (yo₂ro₂pu, “to arm, wear”).

surf

, text here
山常庭村山有等取與呂布天乃香具山...
Yamato₂ ni pa murayama aredo₂ to₂riyo₂ro₂pu Ame₂ no₂ Kaguyama...

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: to dress with greenery; to equip with the beauties of nature (peaks, rocks, trees, valleys, etc.); to go around and secure (land, mountain, etc.)


強ふ

sipu (romanization)
しふ (hiragana)
強ひ (irrealis stem)
しひ (irrealis stem)
sifi (irrealis)
強ひ (continuative stem)
しひ (continuative stem)
sifi (continuative)
強ふ (stem terminative)
しふ (stem terminative)
sifu (terminative)
強ふる (attributive stem)
しふる (attributive stem)
sifuru (attributive)
強ふれ (realis stem)
しふれ (realis stem)
sifure (realis)
強ひよ (imperative stem)
しひよ (imperative stem)
sifiyo (imperative)
強ひず (negative)
しひず (negative)
sifizu (negative)
強ふれど (contrastive)
しふれど (contrastive)
sifuredo (contrastive)
強ふれば (causative)
しふれば (causative)
sifureba (causative)
強ひば (conditional)
しひば (conditional)
sifiba (conditional)
強ひき (past)
しひき (past)
sifiki (past)
強ひけり (past)
しひけり (past)
sifikeri (past)
強ひつ (perfect)
しひつ (perfect)
sifitu (perfect)
強ひぬ (perfect)
しひぬ (perfect)
sifinu (perfect)
強ひたり (continuative perfect)
しひたり (continuative perfect)
sifitari (continuative perfect)
強ひむ (volitional)
しひむ (volitional)
sifimu (volitional)

Japanese: 強ふ (shiu) → 強いる (shiiru)

From a stem sip- possibly cognate with verb 癈ふ (sipu, “to lose function (said of body organs)”).


回む

tamu (romanization)
たむ (hiragana)
回み (irrealis stem)
たみ (irrealis stem)
tami (irrealis)
回み (continuative stem)
たみ (continuative stem)
tami (continuative)
回む (stem terminative)
たむ (stem terminative)
tamu (terminative)
回むる (attributive stem)
たむる (attributive stem)
tamuru (attributive)
回むれ (realis stem)
たむれ (realis stem)
tamure (realis)
回みよ (imperative stem)
たみよ (imperative stem)
tamiyo (imperative)
回みず (negative)
たみず (negative)
tamizu (negative)
回むれど (contrastive)
たむれど (contrastive)
tamuredo (contrastive)
回むれば (causative)
たむれば (causative)
tamureba (causative)
回みば (conditional)
たみば (conditional)
tamiba (conditional)
回みき (past)
たみき (past)
tamiki (past)
回みけり (past)
たみけり (past)
tamikeri (past)
回みつ (perfect)
たみつ (perfect)
tamitu (perfect)
回みぬ (perfect)
たみぬ (perfect)
taminu (perfect)
回みたり (continuative perfect)
たみたり (continuative perfect)
tamitari (continuative perfect)
回みむ (volitional)
たみむ (volitional)
tamimu (volitional)

Appears to be cognate with 玉 (tama, “ball, bead”) and modern Japanese 訛む (damu, “to speak hoarsely, or with an accent”).

cog

何所爾可船泊爲良武安禮乃埼榜多味行之棚無小舟

Where is it going to berth? A little dugout canoe which rowed and went around the cape of Are.

iduku ni ka punapate suramu Are-no₂-saki₁ ko₂gi₁tami₂ yuki₁si tana nasi wopune

岡前多未足道乎人莫通在乍毛公之來曲道爲

A bending road in front of the hill; don't pass through here by the others forever. I want to make it a secret path where you will come.

woka-saki₁ no tami₂taru mi₁ti wo pi₁to₂ na kayo₁pi₁ so₂ aritutu mo ki₁mi₁ ga ki₁ masamu yo₂ki₂mi₁ti ni semu


蹴う

kuu (romanization)
くう (hiragana)
蹴ゑ (irrealis stem)
くゑ (irrealis stem)
kuwe (irrealis)
蹴ゑ (continuative stem)
くゑ (continuative stem)
kuwe (continuative)
蹴う (stem terminative)
くう (stem terminative)
kuu (terminative)
蹴うる (attributive stem)
くうる (attributive stem)
kuuru (attributive)
蹴うれ (realis stem)
くうれ (realis stem)
kuure (realis)
蹴ゑよ (imperative stem)
くゑよ (imperative stem)
kuweyo (imperative)
蹴ゑず (negative)
くゑず (negative)
kuwezu (negative)
蹴うれど (contrastive)
くうれど (contrastive)
kuuredo (contrastive)
蹴うれば (causative)
くうれば (causative)
kuureba (causative)
蹴ゑば (conditional)
くゑば (conditional)
kuweba (conditional)
蹴ゑき (past)
くゑき (past)
kuweki (past)
蹴ゑけり (past)
くゑけり (past)
kuwekeri (past)
蹴ゑつ (perfect)
くゑつ (perfect)
kuwetu (perfect)
蹴ゑぬ (perfect)
くゑぬ (perfect)
kuwenu (perfect)
蹴ゑたり (continuative perfect)
くゑたり (continuative perfect)
kuwetari (continuative perfect)
蹴ゑむ (volitional)
くゑむ (volitional)
kuwemu (volitional)

Japanese: 蹴る (keru)


坐す

masu (romanization)
ます (hiragana)
坐さ (irrealis stem)
まさ (irrealis stem)
masa (irrealis)
坐し (continuative stem)
まし (continuative stem)
masi (continuative)
坐す (stem terminative)
ます (stem terminative)
masu (terminative)
坐す (attributive stem)
ます (attributive stem)
masu (attributive)
坐せ (realis stem)
ませ (realis stem)
mase (realis)
坐せ (imperative stem)
ませ (imperative stem)
mase (imperative)
坐さず (negative)
まさず (negative)
masazu (negative)
坐せど (contrastive)
ませど (contrastive)
masedo (contrastive)
坐せば (causative)
ませば (causative)
maseba (causative)
坐さば (conditional)
まさば (conditional)
masaba (conditional)
坐しき (past)
ましき (past)
masiki (past)
坐しけり (past)
ましけり (past)
masikeri (past)
坐しつ (perfect)
ましつ (perfect)
masitu (perfect)
坐しぬ (perfect)
ましぬ (perfect)
masinu (perfect)
坐せり (continuative perfect)
坐したり (continuative perfect)
ませり (continuative perfect)
ましたり (continuative perfect)
maseri (continuative perfect)
masitari (continuative perfect)
坐さむ (volitional)
まさむ (volitional)
masamu (volitional)

(honorific, auxiliary) attaches to 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb as an honorific applying to the other party engaging in the action of the verb


うらぐ

uragu (romanization)
うらげ (irrealis stem)
urage (irrealis stem)
うらげ (continuative stem)
urage (continuative stem)
うらぐ (stem terminative)
uragu (stem terminative)
うらぐる (attributive stem)
uraguru (attributive stem)
うらぐれ (realis stem)
uragure (realis stem)
うらげよ (imperative stem)
urageyo (imperative stem)
うらげず (negative)
uragezu (negative)
うらぐれど (contrastive)
uraguredo (contrastive)
うらぐれば (causative)
uragureba (causative)
うらげば (conditional)
urageba (conditional)
うらげき (past)
urageki (past)
うらげけり (past)
uragekeri (past)
うらげつ (perfect)
uragetu (perfect)
うらげぬ (perfect)
uragenu (perfect)
うらげたり (continuative perfect)
uragetari (continuative perfect)
うらげむ (volitional)
uragemu (volitional)

The first two morae are ultimately from 心 (ura, “inner feelings”).

故是須須許理、釀大御酒以獻。於是天皇、宇羅宜是所獻之大御酒而_(宇羅下三字以音)御歌曰、[...]

So this Susukori brewed grand saké and made an offering of it to His Majesty. Now the heart of heaven’s sovereign was uplifted by the grand saké presented to him, and he made a mighty song that said: …

Daijirin
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten