ibid

·ib (conjunct)
ól (noun-from-verb)
ibiu (absolute first-person indicative present singular)
ibid (absolute indicative present singular third-person)
ebait (absolute indicative plural present third-person)
ebair (absolute indicative passive present singular)
·ib (conjunct indicative present singular third-person)
·ebat (conjunct indicative plural present third-person)
·ebar (conjunct indicative passive present singular)
ibes (indicative present relative singular third-person)
·ibed (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
·ibtis (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ibis (absolute preterite singular third-person)
as·ib (deuterotonic perfect singular third-person)
as·ibsem (deuterotonic first-person perfect plural)
as·ibset (deuterotonic perfect plural third-person)
as·ibed (deuterotonic passive perfect singular)
·esbius (first-person perfect prototonic singular)
·essib (perfect prototonic singular third-person)
·esbetar (perfect plural prototonic third-person)
·esbed (passive perfect prototonic singular)
íba (absolute first-person future singular)
íbthuss (absolute future singular third-person)
íbait (absolute future plural third-person)
·íb (conjunct first-person future singular)
·íba (conjunct future singular third-person)
·íbthar (conjunct future passive singular)
·íbad (conditional singular third-person)
ebthae (absolute plural present second-person subjunctive)
·ebae (conjunct present second-person singular subjunctive)
·roíba (conjunct present singular subjunctive third-person)
·ebam (conjunct first-person plural present subjunctive)
·ebat (conjunct plural present subjunctive third-person)
·ebad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
·ebtais (past plural subjunctive third-person)
ib (imperative second-person singular)
ebam (first-person imperative plural)
ibid (imperative plural second-person)
ól (first-person noun-from-verb singular)
ibid
n-ibid

sga-conj-simple

with suffixed pronoun <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">-us</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">ro-</i>form

Irish: ibh

Manx: iu

From Proto-Celtic *ɸibeti, from Proto-Indo-European *píph₃eti.
Compare Latin bibō, Sanskrit पिबति (pibati), Old Church Slavonic пити (piti), Ancient Greek πίνω (pínō).


im

co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] mouth and what I might think with [my] heart might be different


lat

Univerbation of la (“with”) + tú (“you sg”)

univ

you <abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr>


lat

Univerbation of la (“with”) + do (“your sg”)

your <abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr>


fid

fid (nominative singular)
fid (dual nominative)
fedae (nominative plural)
fid (singular vocative)
fid (dual vocative)
fidu (plural vocative)
fid (accusative singular)
fid (accusative dual)
fidu (accusative plural)
fedo (genitive singular)
feda (genitive singular)
fedo (dual genitive)
feda (dual genitive)
fedae (genitive plural)
fid (dative singular)
fedaib (dative dual)
fedaib (dative plural)
fid
ḟid
fid

Irish: fiodh

Scottish Gaelic: fiodh

⇒ Manx: fuygh


Fergus

Fergusso (genitive)
Fergus (nominative singular)
Fergus (dual nominative)
Fergusae (nominative plural)
Fergus (singular vocative)
Fergus (dual vocative)
Fergusu (plural vocative)
Fergus (accusative singular)
Fergus (accusative dual)
Fergusu (accusative plural)
Ferguso (genitive singular)
Fergusa (genitive singular)
Ferguso (dual genitive)
Fergusa (dual genitive)
Fergusae (genitive plural)
Fergus (dative singular)
Fergusaib (dative dual)
Fergusaib (dative plural)
Fergus
Ḟergus
Fergus

Irish: Fearghas

Scottish Gaelic: Fearghas

From Proto-Celtic *Wirogustus, equivalent to fer (“man”) + guss (“vigour”), which is from Proto-Celtic *gustus (“choice”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus.


birr

inflection of berr:
vocative/genitive singular masculine

inflection of berr:
accusative/dative singular feminine

inflection of berr:
genitive singular neuter

inflection of berr:
nominative plural masculine


é

head

é (feminine sí, neuter ed, emphatic ésom)

sí (feminine)
ed (neuter)
ésom (emphatic)

Irish: sé, Irish: é

Scottish Gaelic: e

Manx: eh

From Proto-Celtic *es or *ēs, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Is hé as airchinnech inna n-uile.

Ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.

It is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you.


é

From Proto-Celtic *eyes (nom. pl.) or *ens (acc. pl.) (compare Middle Welsh wy), from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Nitat pecthi collnidi híccatar and ind echt so cebtar hé riam.

It is not fleshly sins that are paid for there now, though it was they before.


ingen

ingine (genitive)
ingen (nominative singular)
ingin (dual nominative)
ingena (nominative plural)
ingen (singular vocative)
ingin (dual vocative)
ingena (plural vocative)
ingin (accusative singular)
ingin (accusative dual)
ingena (accusative plural)
ingine (genitive singular)
ingen (dual genitive)
ingen (genitive plural)
ingin (dative singular)
ingenaib (dative dual)
ingenaib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: ingen

desc

Irish: iníon, inghean (superseded), inghin, inín (Connacht), nighean, níon (Ulster), inín

Manx: inneen

Scottish Gaelic: nighean, nigheann, inghean

⇒ Middle Irish: ingenach

⇒ Middle Irish: ingenas
Irish: iníonas

From Primitive Irish ᚔᚅᚔᚌᚓᚅᚐ (inigena), from Proto-Celtic *enigenā (literally “born within, indigenous”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”); compare Latin indigena (“native”) and Ancient Greek ἐγγόνη (engónē, “granddaughter”).


ingen

ingen (genitive)
ingen (nominative singular)
ingin (dual nominative)
ingnea (nominative plural)
ingen (singular vocative)
ingin (dual vocative)
ingnea (plural vocative)
ingin (accusative singular)
ingin (accusative dual)
ingnea (accusative plural)
ingne (genitive singular)
ingen (dual genitive)
ingen (genitive plural)
ingin (dative singular)
ingnib (dative dual)
ingnib (dative plural)

Irish: ionga

Manx: ingin

Scottish Gaelic: ionga

From Proto-Celtic *angʷīnā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nṓgʰs.
Cognate with Welsh ewin, Breton ivin; and with Latin unguis, English nail, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux), Russian но́готь (nógotʹ), Sanskrit नख (nakhá).


benn

head

benn f (genitive beinne or beinde, nominative plural benna or benda)

beinne (genitive)
beinde (genitive)
benna (nominative plural)
benda (nominative plural)
benn (nominative singular)
beinn (dual nominative)
benna (nominative plural)
benn (singular vocative)
beinn (dual vocative)
benna (plural vocative)
beinn (accusative singular)
beinn (accusative dual)
benna (accusative plural)
beinne (genitive singular)
benn (dual genitive)
benn (genitive plural)
beinn (dative singular)
bennaib (dative dual)
bennaib (dative plural)
benn
mbenn

Irish: beann, binn

Manx: beinn

Scottish Gaelic: beann, beinn

→ Galician: beán

⇒ Middle Irish: bennán


arcu

arcu (absolute first-person indicative present singular)
arco (absolute first-person indicative present singular)

From Proto-Celtic *ɸarsketi, cognate to Welsh erchi and more distantly Latin posco. Other forms of this verb mainly survive in derivatives formed with com-; see Related terms for these.


dama

third-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of daimid


sál

sál (nominative singular)
sáil (singular vocative)
sál (accusative singular)
sáil (genitive singular)
sál (dative singular)

Irish: sáile

Scottish Gaelic: sàl

From Proto-Celtic *sālos (whence Welsh hâl (“salty water”)), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Akin to Latin sal and English salt.

sáil-onn .i. cloch sáil


sál

sál (nominative singular)
sáil (dual nominative)
sála (nominative plural)
sál (singular vocative)
sáil (dual vocative)
sála (plural vocative)
sáil (accusative singular)
sáil (accusative dual)
sála (accusative plural)
sáile (genitive singular)
sál (dual genitive)
sál (genitive plural)
sáil (dative singular)
sálaib (dative dual)
sálaib (dative plural)
sál
ṡál

Irish: sáil

Manx: saayl

Scottish Gaelic: sàil

From Proto-Celtic *stātlā (compare Welsh sawdl), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).

der

sál


lind

linde (genitive)
lind (nominative singular)
lind (dual nominative)
lindi (nominative plural)
lind (singular vocative)
lind (dual vocative)
lindi (plural vocative)
lind (accusative singular)
lindi (accusative singular)
lind (accusative dual)
lindi (accusative plural)
linde (genitive singular)
linde (dual genitive)
linde (genitive plural)
lind (dative singular)
lindi (dative singular)
lindib (dative dual)
lindib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *lindos, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to flow”). The two differently-inflecting nouns are closely related, but their morphologies are mysterious.

.i. lind te

i.e. hot pool [The glossator having misunderstood Latin termes (“branch”) as being related to therma (“hot bath”)]


lind

lenda (genitive)
lind (nominative singular)
lind (dual nominative)
lind (nominative plural)
lenda (nominative plural)
lind (singular vocative)
lind (dual vocative)
lind (plural vocative)
lind (accusative singular)
lind (accusative dual)
lind (accusative plural)
lendo (genitive singular)
lenda (genitive singular)
lendo (dual genitive)
lenda (dual genitive)
lend (genitive plural)
lind (dative singular)
lendaib (dative dual)
lendaib (dative plural)
lind
also llind after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

[…]hi sunt tra ↄricc frissa lind serb in chúrsactha, lase fo·ruillecta beóil in chalich di mil cosse anall[…]

[…] Herein, then, he comes into contact with the bitter drink of the reproval, when the lips of the chalice have hitherto been smeared with honey […]

[…]céne con·n-oither mo thimnasa insin purt-sa, nícon·ibthar lind dermait dé and.

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 6, pages 115-179:

[…] as long as my rules are upheld in this place, liquor that leads to us forgetting about God are not to be drunk.

lind

Acht is mí-chumne spiride fri télach neich din imarcraid lenda bís isind churp.

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 88, pages 115-179:

But it is an evil recollection of the spirit, accompanying a discharge of some of the excess liquid that is usually in the body.

ibthecha .i. it mathi inna ganema oc oul ind lenda.

absorbent, i.e. the sands are good at absorbing the liquid.


cham

Alternative spelling of chamm: lenited form of cam.


fliuch

fliuchu (comparative)
fliuch (masculine nominative singular)
fliuch (feminine nominative singular)
fliuch (neuter nominative singular)
fliuch (masculine singular vocative)
fliuch (feminine singular vocative)
fliuch (neuter singular vocative)
fliuch (accusative masculine singular)
flich (accusative feminine singular)
fliuch (accusative neuter singular)
flich (genitive masculine singular)
fliuchae (feminine genitive singular)
flich (genitive neuter singular)
fliuch (dative masculine singular)
flich (dative feminine singular)
fliuch (dative neuter singular)
fliuchai (masculine nominative plural)
fliuchai (feminine neuter nominative plural)
fliuchai (masculine plural vocative)
fliuchai (feminine neuter plural vocative)
fliuchai (accusative masculine plural)
fliuchai (accusative feminine neuter plural)
fliuchaib (dative feminine masculine neuter)

sga-decl-adj-table

*not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish

Irish: fliuch

Manx: fliugh

Scottish Gaelic: fliuch

From Proto-Celtic *wlikʷos (compare Welsh gwlyb, Cornish glyb), from Proto-Indo-European *wleykʷ- (compare Latin liquō (“to melt”), Tocharian A lyīktsi (“to wash”)).


rí

head

rí m (genitive ríg, nominative plural ríg)

ríg (genitive)
ríg (nominative plural)
rí (nominative singular)
ríg (dual nominative)
ríg (nominative plural)
rí (singular vocative)
ríg (dual vocative)
ríga (plural vocative)
ríg (accusative singular)
ríg (accusative dual)
ríga (accusative plural)
ríg (genitive singular)
ríg (dual genitive)
ríg (genitive plural)
ríg (dative singular)
rígaib (dative dual)
rígaib (dative plural)
rí
also rrí after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

desctree

Middle Irish: rí
Irish: rí
Manx: ree
Scottish Gaelic: rìgh

From Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”), which is derived from *h₃reǵ-. Cognates include Sanskrit राज् (rāj, “king”), राजन् (rājan), and Latin rēx (“king”).


mí

head

mí m (genitive mís, nominative plural mís)

mís (genitive)
mís (nominative plural)
mí (nominative singular)
mí (dual nominative)
mís (nominative plural)
mí (singular vocative)
mí (dual vocative)
mísa (plural vocative)
mís (accusative singular)
mí (accusative dual)
mísa (accusative plural)
mís (genitive singular)
mí (dual genitive)
mís (genitive plural)
mís (dative singular)
mísaib (dative dual)
mísaib (dative plural)
mí
also mmí after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: mí

Manx: mee

Scottish Gaelic: mìos

From Proto-Celtic *mīns, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s.


esta

second-person singular past subjunctive of ithid


inis

inis f (genitive inse, nominative plural insi)

inse (genitive)
insi (nominative plural)
inis (nominative singular)
inis (dual nominative)
insi (nominative plural)
inis (singular vocative)
inis (dual vocative)
insi (plural vocative)
insi (accusative singular)
inis (accusative dual)
insi (accusative plural)
inse (genitive singular)
inse (dual genitive)
inse (genitive plural)
insi (dative singular)
insib (dative dual)
insib (dative plural)
inis
n-inis

Middle Irish: inis

Irish: inis

Manx: innis

desctree

Scottish Gaelic: innis
→ Scots: inch
→ English: inch (“small island”)

From Proto-Celtic *enistī (“standing in (the water)”), from Proto-Indo-European *en- (“in”) + *steh₂- (“stand”). Cognate with Welsh ynys.


ata

third-person plural present indicative relative of is


Cú Roí

Con Roí (genitive)
Cú Roí
Chú Roí
Cú Roí

Cinaedh m. Con Roi, rex Generis Loighaire, iugulatus est o Delbhni.

Cinaedh, son of Cú Roí, king of the People of Leary, is killed by the Delbhni.

Cú Roí (character in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology)


luch

head

luch f (genitive lochad, nominative plural lochaid)

lochad (genitive)
lochaid (nominative plural)
luch (nominative singular)
lochaid (dual nominative)
luch (dual nominative)
lochaid (nominative plural)
luch (singular vocative)
lochaid (dual vocative)
luch (dual vocative)
lochtha (plural vocative)
lochaid (accusative singular)
lochaid (accusative dual)
luch (accusative dual)
lochtha (accusative plural)
lochad (genitive singular)
lochad (dual genitive)
lochad (genitive plural)
lochaid (dative singular)
lochthaib (dative dual)
lochthaib (dative plural)
luch
also lluch after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: luch

Manx: lugh

Scottish Gaelic: luch

From Proto-Celtic *lukūts; cognate with Welsh llygod.


crith

Middle Irish: crith

Irish: crith

Manx: crie

Scottish Gaelic: crith

From Proto-Celtic *kritos (“trembling, fever”). Cognate to Welsh cryd (“fever”).


-sam

Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor

and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject

and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object


dara

head

dara (triggers lenition in the meaning “his, its”, h-prothesis in the meaning “her”, and nasalization in the meaning “their”)

in the meaning “his (triggers-lenition)
its” (triggers-lenition)

Univerbation of tar (“over, across”) + a (“his, her, its, their”)


Lebor Gabála Érenn

Lebor Gabála Érenn
Lebor Gabála Érenn#English


loth

head

loth f (genitive loithe, nominative plural latha)

loithe (genitive)
latha (nominative plural)
loth (nominative singular)
loith (dual nominative)
lotha (nominative plural)
loth (singular vocative)
loith (dual vocative)
lotha (plural vocative)
loith (accusative singular)
loith (accusative dual)
lotha (accusative plural)
loithe (genitive singular)
loth (dual genitive)
loth (genitive plural)
loith (dative singular)
lothaib (dative dual)
lothaib (dative plural)
loth
also lloth after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


tussu

Irish: tusa

Manx: uss

Scottish Gaelic: thusa

Bed indbadigthi .i. bed chuintechti .i. cid fáilte ad·cot-sa ⁊ du·ngnéu, is túsu immid·folngi dam, a Dǽ; cid indeb dano ad·cot, is tú, Dǽ, immid·folngi dam.

To be enriched, i.e. to be sought, i.e. though it is joy that I obtain and make, it is you who effects it for me, O God; so too, though it is wealth that I obtain, it is you, God, who effects it for me.


aul

elo (genitive)
aul (nominative singular)
aul (dual nominative)
elae (nominative plural)
aul (singular vocative)
aul (dual vocative)
elu (plural vocative)
aul (accusative singular)
aul (accusative dual)
elu (accusative plural)
elo (genitive singular)
ela (genitive singular)
elo (dual genitive)
ela (dual genitive)
elae (genitive plural)
aul (dative singular)
elaib (dative dual)
elaib (dative plural)
aul
n-aul


luid

·luid (canonical)
luid
also lluid after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

This "suffixless preterite" is the descendant of Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰét (“climbed, grew”, thematic(?) aorist). When and how it acquired perfect morphology on the way to Old Irish is unclear. Cognate with Sanskrit अरुधत् (arudhát), Ancient Greek ἦλθον (êlthon), ἤλυθον (ḗluthon), and Tocharian A läc.

inh

third-person singular preterite absolute of téit

third-person singular preterite conjunct of téit


coll

coll (nominative singular)
coll (dual nominative)
cuill (nominative plural)
cuill (singular vocative)
coll (dual vocative)
cullu (plural vocative)
coll (accusative singular)
coll (accusative dual)
cullu (accusative plural)
cuill (genitive singular)
coll (dual genitive)
coll (genitive plural)
cull (dative singular)
collaib (dative dual)
collaib (dative plural)

Irish: coll

Manx: coull

Scottish Gaelic: coll

From Proto-Celtic *koslos (“hazel”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóslos (“hazel”) (compare Welsh cyll).

hazel (tree or shrub of the genus Corylus)


coll

coll (nominative singular)
coll (dual nominative)
coll (nominative plural)
colla (nominative plural)
coll (singular vocative)
coll (dual vocative)
coll (plural vocative)
colla (plural vocative)
coll (accusative singular)
coll (accusative dual)
coll (accusative plural)
colla (accusative plural)
cuill (genitive singular)
coll (dual genitive)
coll (genitive plural)
cull (dative singular)
collaib (dative dual)
collaib (dative plural)
coll
choll
coll

desc

Middle Irish: coll, call m, coill, caill f

Scottish Gaelic: coll m (“destruction”)

Irish: caill f (“loss”)

From Proto-Celtic *kolCos (“lost”), precise form uncertain, C could represent n, s, or d. Ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to break”).


lucht

head

lucht m (genitive luchta or lochta, no plural)

luchta (genitive)
lochta (genitive)
lucht (nominative singular)
lucht (singular vocative)
lucht (accusative singular)
luchto (genitive singular)
luchta (genitive singular)
lochta (genitive singular)
lucht (dative singular)

Irish: lucht

Manx: lught

Scottish Gaelic: luchd

From Proto-Celtic *luxtus (“contents, crowd, people”), of unknown origin. Cognate with Welsh llwyth (“cargo; litter (of baby animals)”) and Gaulish luxtos.

cog

(sailing) complement, crew, (by extension) vessel


noch

From Proto-Celtic *nu-kʷe (“and now”), from Proto-Indo-European *nu-kʷe, equivalent to no- + -ch-. Cognate with Old High German noh (from Proto-Germanic *nuh).


fris

third-person singular masculine/neuter of fri


cerc

cerc (nominative singular)
circ (dual nominative)
cerca (nominative plural)
cerc (singular vocative)
circ (dual vocative)
cerca (plural vocative)
circ (accusative singular)
circ (accusative dual)
cerca (accusative plural)
circe (genitive singular)
cerc (dual genitive)
cerc (genitive plural)
circ (dative singular)
cercaib (dative dual)
cercaib (dative plural)
cerc
cherc
cerc

Irish: cearc

Manx: kiark

Scottish Gaelic: cearc

From Proto-Celtic *kerkā, imitative of harsh sounds, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-, same source as Latin cornix (“crow”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


ó

úaim (first-person singular)
húaim (first-person singular)
úaimm (first-person singular)
húaimm (first-person singular)
úaimse (emphatic first-person singular)
húaimse (emphatic first-person singular)
úait (second-person singular)
húait (second-person singular)
úaitsu (emphatic second-person singular)
húaitsu (emphatic second-person singular)
úaitsiu (emphatic second-person singular)
húaitsiu (emphatic second-person singular)
úad (dative singular)
húad (dative singular)
úaid (dative singular)
húaid (dative singular)
úadi (dative singular)
húade (dative singular)
úadisi (dative emphatic singular)
úainn (first-person plural)
húainn (first-person plural)
úain (first-person plural)
húain (first-person plural)
úan (first-person plural)
húan (first-person plural)
úann (first-person plural)
húann (first-person plural)
úanni (emphatic first-person plural)
húanni (emphatic first-person plural)
úaib (plural second-person)
húaib (plural second-person)
úaibsi (emphatic plural second-person)
húaibsi (emphatic plural second-person)
úadib (dative plural third-person)
húadib (dative plural third-person)
úaidib (dative plural third-person)
húaidib (dative plural third-person)
úaidibsom (dative emphatic plural third-person)
húadibsem (dative emphatic plural third-person)

desctree

Middle Irish: ó
Irish: ó
Scottish Gaelic: o, bho
Manx: veih, voish

Contested.
* From Proto-Celtic *au (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, down”). Cognate with Latin au-, Sanskrit अव (ava, “down”), Old Church Slavonic оу- (u-).
* From Proto-Celtic *aɸu (“away”), from *apó/*h₂epó (“away”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó), Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”), Latin ab (“from”), Old Church Slavonic по (po), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af).

inh

ó thurcbáil co fuinud


ó

head

ó (triggers lenition, takes independent verbs)


lus

lus (nominative singular)
lus (dual nominative)
losae (nominative plural)
lus (singular vocative)
lus (dual vocative)
losu (plural vocative)
lus (accusative singular)
lus (accusative dual)
losu (accusative plural)
loso (genitive singular)
losa (genitive singular)
loso (dual genitive)
losa (dual genitive)
losae (genitive plural)
lus (dative singular)
losaib (dative dual)
losaib (dative plural)
lus
also llus after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: lus

Manx: lus

Scottish Gaelic: lus

From Proto-Celtic *lussus (“medicinal herb, vegetable”), likely influenced by Proto-Celtic *lubā (“herb, plant”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“leaf”).


achar

sga-decl-adj-table

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

achar (masculine nominative singular)
achar (feminine nominative singular)
achar (neuter nominative singular)
achair (masculine singular vocative)
achar (masculine singular vocative)
achar (feminine singular vocative)
achar (neuter singular vocative)
achar (accusative masculine singular)
achair (accusative feminine singular)
achar (accusative neuter singular)
achair (genitive masculine singular)
achrae (feminine genitive singular)
achaire (feminine genitive singular)
achair (genitive neuter singular)
achur (dative masculine singular)
achair (dative feminine singular)
achur (dative neuter singular)
achair (masculine nominative plural)
achra (feminine neuter nominative plural)
achru (masculine plural vocative)
achra (masculine plural vocative)
achra (feminine neuter plural vocative)
achru (accusative masculine plural)
achra (accusative masculine plural)
achra (accusative feminine neuter plural)
achar (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
achraib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
achar
n-achar


ful

third-person singular present subjunctive prototonic of fo·loing


crie

second-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of crenaid


rann

head

rann f (genitive rainne, nominative plural ranna)

rainne (genitive)
ranna (nominative plural)
rann (nominative singular)
rainn (dual nominative)
ranna (nominative plural)
rann (singular vocative)
rainn (dual vocative)
ranna (plural vocative)
rainn (accusative singular)
rainn (accusative dual)
ranna (accusative plural)
rainne (genitive singular)
rann (dual genitive)
rann (genitive plural)
rainn (dative singular)
rannaib (dative dual)
rannaib (dative plural)
rann
also rrann after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: rann

Manx: rheynn

Scottish Gaelic: rann


rath

raith (genitive)
rath (nominative singular)
rath (dual nominative)
rath (nominative plural)
ratha (nominative plural)
rath (singular vocative)
rath (dual vocative)
rath (plural vocative)
ratha (plural vocative)
rath (accusative singular)
rath (accusative dual)
rath (accusative plural)
ratha (accusative plural)
raith (genitive singular)
rath (dual genitive)
rath (genitive plural)
rath (dative singular)
rathaib (dative dual)
rathaib (dative plural)
rath
also rrath after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: rath

Irish: rath

From Proto-Celtic *ɸratom (“grace, virtue, good fortune”), from the root of *ɸarnati (“bestow”) (whence ernaid), from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“bestow, give”) (whence also Sanskrit पृणाक्ति (pṛṇā́kti, “grant, bestow”), Latin parō (“prepare”).

cog

Ní derlaicht⟨h⟩a a pecdæ doïb acht du·ratad dígal forru. Cenotad maic-si raith dano, má im·roimsid ní dílgibther dúib.

Their sins have not been forgiven them, but punishment has been inflicted upon them. Though you pl, then, are children of grace, if you sin, you will not be forgiven.


sain

sain (masculine nominative singular)
sain (feminine nominative singular)
sain (neuter nominative singular)
sain (masculine singular vocative)
sain (feminine singular vocative)
sain (neuter singular vocative)
sain (accusative masculine singular)
sain (accusative feminine singular)
sain (accusative neuter singular)
sain (genitive masculine singular)
saine (feminine genitive singular)
sain (genitive neuter singular)
sain (dative masculine singular)
sain (dative feminine singular)
sain (dative neuter singular)
saini (masculine nominative plural)
saini (feminine neuter nominative plural)
saini (masculine plural vocative)
saini (feminine neuter plural vocative)
saini (accusative masculine plural)
saini (accusative feminine neuter plural)
sain (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
sainib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sain
ṡain

From Proto-Celtic *sanis (“different”) (whence Welsh hân (“separation”), from Proto-Indo-European *senH-; cognate with Latin sine, Ancient Greek ἄτερ (áter, “without, apart from”), Sanskrit सनितुर् (sanitúr, “without”), Old English sundor (“apart, separately”).

so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

A·tá tairmthechtas persan híc .i. is sain indí asid·rubart ⁊ indí frisa n-érbrath.

There is a transition of persons here, i.e. the one who has said it and the one to whom it has been said are different.

Ná eiplet húan bás coitchen húa n‑epil cách, acht foircniter húa sain-bás sech cách.

Let them not die by the common death by which everyone dies, but let them be ended by a special death different from everyone.

Messe ocus Pangur Bán, cechtar náthar fria sain-dán
bíth a menma-sam fri seilgg mu menma céin im sain-cheirdd.

I and Pangur Bán, each of us two at his special art:
his mind is at hunting, my own mind is in my special craft.


douc

third-person singular perfect deuterotonic of do·beir


bec

lugu (comparative)
bec (masculine nominative singular)
bec (feminine nominative singular)
bec (neuter nominative singular)
bic (masculine singular vocative)
bec (masculine singular vocative)
bec (feminine singular vocative)
bec (neuter singular vocative)
bec (accusative masculine singular)
bic (accusative feminine singular)
bec (accusative neuter singular)
bic (genitive masculine singular)
bice (feminine genitive singular)
bic (genitive neuter singular)
biuc (dative masculine singular)
bic (dative feminine singular)
biuc (dative neuter singular)
bic (masculine nominative plural)
beca (feminine neuter nominative plural)
bicu (masculine plural vocative)
beca (masculine plural vocative)
beca (feminine neuter plural vocative)
bicu (accusative masculine plural)
beca (accusative masculine plural)
beca (accusative feminine neuter plural)
bec (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
becaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Irish: beag

Manx: beg

Scottish Gaelic: beag


bec

Irish: beagnach

.i. bec nacham·ralae i nderchoíniud ón

i.e. that is, it has almost cast me into despair.

almost (followed by the negative particle nach)


festa

From earlier fecht (“occasion”) + -sa (“this”).


festa

second-person singular past subjunctive/conditional prototonic of ro·finnadar


damar

passive singular present indicative conjunct of daimid


roba

first-person singular perfect prototonic of at·tá


teg

head

teg n (genitive tige or taige, nominative plural tige)

tige (genitive)
taige (genitive)
tige (nominative plural)
teg
theg
teg


-am

oll (“great, vast”) + -am → ollam (“master, expert”)


mol

muil (genitive)
mol (nominative singular)
mol (dual nominative)
muil (nominative plural)
muil (singular vocative)
mol (dual vocative)
mulu (plural vocative)
mol (accusative singular)
mol (accusative dual)
mulu (accusative plural)
muil (genitive singular)
mol (dual genitive)
mol (genitive plural)
mul (dative singular)
molaib (dative dual)
molaib (dative plural)
mol
also mmol after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: mol (“hub, shaft”)

desc

Scottish Gaelic: mul (“axis, axle-tree”)

From Proto-Celtic *molos, from Proto-Indo-European *molós, from *melh₂- (“to grind”) + *-ós (agent suffix).


bér

first-person singular future conjunct of beirid


duine

head

duine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni)

duini (genitive)
doíni (nominative plural)
duine (nominative singular)
doíni (nominative plural)
duini (singular vocative)
doíni (plural vocative)
duine (accusative singular)
doíni (accusative plural)
duini (genitive singular)
doíne (genitive plural)
duiniu (dative singular)
doínib (dative plural)
duine
nduine

desctree

Middle Irish: duine
Irish: duine
Manx: dooinney
Scottish Gaelic: duine

From Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) (whence also dú (“place, spot”)).
Akin to Breton den (“man”) and Welsh dyn (“man”). For the parallel semantic development of the noun for "man, human" from the cognate nominal stem for "earth", compare Latin homō (“man, person”), Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma).
The plural doíni is suppletive, coming from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”) generally reconstructed as Proto-Celtic *dowenis.

der

arná{m}·tomnad námmin duine sed deus

that he should not suppose that I am a human but a god

Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n‑anduch, air is fechtnach a n‑andach mani erthroítar húa Día.

You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil people, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.


dorn

duirn (genitive)
dorn (nominative singular)
dorn (dual nominative)
duirn (nominative plural)
duirn (singular vocative)
dorn (dual vocative)
durnu (plural vocative)
dorn (accusative singular)
dorn (accusative dual)
durnu (accusative plural)
duirn (genitive singular)
dorn (dual genitive)
dorn (genitive plural)
durn (dative singular)
dornaib (dative dual)
dornaib (dative plural)
dorn
ndorn

Middle Irish: dorn

Irish: dorn

Scottish Gaelic: dòrn

Manx: doarn

From Proto-Celtic *durnos, further etymology unknown; possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate language. Cognate with Welsh dwrn.


lenn

lenn (nominative singular)
leinn (dual nominative)
lenna (nominative plural)
lenn (singular vocative)
leinn (dual vocative)
lenna (plural vocative)
leinn (accusative singular)
leinn (accusative dual)
lenna (accusative plural)
leinne (genitive singular)
lenn (dual genitive)
lenn (genitive plural)
leinn (dative singular)
lennaib (dative dual)
lennaib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *linnā, of unclear origin.

lenn nó brat formtha


lenn

lenn
also llenn after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Is and didiu for·téit spiritus ar n-énirti-ni in tain bes n-inun accobor lenn .i. la corp et anim et la spirut.

So it is then that the spirit helps our weakness when we have the same desire, i.e. body and soul and spirit.


és

és (nominative singular)
éis (dual nominative)
ésa (nominative plural)
és (singular vocative)
éis (dual vocative)
ésa (plural vocative)
éis (accusative singular)
éis (accusative dual)
ésa (accusative plural)
éise (genitive singular)
és (dual genitive)
és (genitive plural)
éis (dative singular)
ésaib (dative dual)
ésaib (dative plural)
éis
n-éis

From Proto-Celtic *ɸanssā, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out”).


teine

head

teine m (genitive teined, nominative plural teinid)

teined (genitive)
teinid (nominative plural)
teine (nominative singular)
teinid (dual nominative)
teine (dual nominative)
teinid (nominative plural)
teine (singular vocative)
teinid (dual vocative)
teine (dual vocative)
teintea (plural vocative)
teinid (accusative singular)
teinid (accusative dual)
teine (accusative dual)
teintea (accusative plural)
teined (genitive singular)
teined (dual genitive)
teined (genitive plural)
teinid (dative singular)
tein (dative singular)
teintib (dative dual)
teintib (dative plural)
teine
theine
teine

Irish: tine

Manx: çhenney

Scottish Gaelic: teine

From Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”) (compare Cornish and Breton tan, Welsh tân).

Middle Irish: tellachIrish: teallachManx: çhiollaghScottish Gaelic: teallach


muir

muir n (genitive moro or mora, nominative plural muire)

moro (genitive)
mora (genitive)
muire (nominative plural)
muir (nominative singular)
muir (dual nominative)
muire (nominative plural)
muir (singular vocative)
muir (dual vocative)
muire (plural vocative)
muir (accusative singular)
muir (accusative dual)
muire (accusative plural)
moro (genitive singular)
mora (genitive singular)
moro (dual genitive)
mora (dual genitive)
muire (genitive plural)
muir (dative singular)
muirib (dative dual)
muirib (dative plural)
muir
also mmuir after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: muir

Irish: muir

Manx: mooir

Scottish Gaelic: muir

inna fudumnai in moro

arna té .i. féith forsna muire

so that it may not go, i.e. a calm over the seas

Ainle sochla slúagach, fris mbrúchta muir mílach,

c. 808, Félire Oengusso, June 21; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:

Ainle the famous and hostful, against whom the animal-filled sea bursts forth,


grian

grïan (canonical)
grïan (nominative singular)
grïain (singular vocative)
grïan (accusative singular)
grïain (genitive singular)
grïun (dative singular)
grïan (nominative singular)
grïan (singular vocative)
grïan (accusative singular)
grïain (genitive singular)
grïun (dative singular)
grïan
ngrïan

Irish: grean

Cognate to Welsh graean. The exact shape of their common etymon is obscure; Proto-Celtic *griyano- is one reconstruction.


mér

mér (nominative singular)
mér (dual nominative)
méoir (nominative plural)
méoir (singular vocative)
mér (dual vocative)
méru (plural vocative)
mér (accusative singular)
mér (accusative dual)
méru (accusative plural)
méoir (genitive singular)
mér (dual genitive)
mér (genitive plural)
méor (dative singular)
méraib (dative dual)
méraib (dative plural)
mér
also mmér after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: méar

Manx: mair

Scottish Gaelic: meur

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós. Cognates include Latin macer, Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós) and Old English mæġer.


dath

dath (nominative singular)
dath (dual nominative)
dath (nominative plural)
datha (nominative plural)
dath (singular vocative)
dath (dual vocative)
dath (plural vocative)
dath (accusative singular)
dath (accusative dual)
dath (accusative plural)
datho (genitive singular)
datha (genitive singular)
datho (dual genitive)
datha (dual genitive)
dath (genitive plural)
dath (dative singular)
dathaib (dative dual)
dathaib (dative plural)
dath
ndath

Irish: dath

Manx: daah

Scottish Gaelic: dath


dona

Irish: dona

Manx: donney

Scottish Gaelic: dona


eper

first-person singular present subjunctive prototonic of as·beir


ordu

ordu (nominative singular)
ordain (dual nominative)
ordain (nominative plural)
ordu (singular vocative)
ordain (dual vocative)
ordain (accusative singular)
ordain (accusative dual)
ordan (genitive singular)
ordan (dual genitive)
ordan (genitive plural)
ordain (dative singular)
ordu (dative singular)
ordu
n-ordu

⇒ Irish: ordóg


cen

cen (governs the accusative; triggers lenition)

cenutsu (emphatic second-person singular)
cene (accusative singular)
cenae (accusative singular)
cenuibsi (dative emphatic plural second-person)
cenaib (accusative plural third-person)
cen
chen
cen

Irish: gan

Manx: gyn

Scottish Gaelic: gun

From Proto-Celtic *kina (“on this side of”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“this, here”); compare Breton ken (“otherwise”).

Cía ru·bé cen ní diib, ní·rubai cenaib huli.

Though he might be without some of them, he could not be without all of them.

cid atob·aich cen dílgud cech ancridi do·gnethe frib, et ní bethe fria acre

what impels you pl not to forgive every injury that may have been done to you, and that you should not be about to sue [because of] it?


fuar

fuär (canonical neuter)
fuar (nominative singular)
fuar (dual nominative)
fuar (nominative plural)
fúra (nominative plural)
fuar (singular vocative)
fuar (dual vocative)
fuar (plural vocative)
fúra (plural vocative)
fuar (accusative singular)
fuar (accusative dual)
fuar (accusative plural)
fúra (accusative plural)
fuair (genitive singular)
fuar (dual genitive)
fuar (genitive plural)
fuar (dative singular)
fuaraib (dative dual)
fuaraib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: fúr m

Irish: fúr

.i. trisin fuarinbudcaid .i. tri Iohain. Fo·ruar inna inbotha .i. do·rigni tochmarc inna ecailse do Chríst.

i.e. through the bridesman [lit. preparation-of-marriage-(person)], i.e. through John. [John] had prepared the nuptials i.e. he had wooed the Church for Christ.

a fuar inna mbiad [⁊]rl

verbal noun of fo·fera: provision, preparation


bricht

bricht (nominative singular)
bricht (dual nominative)
brechtae (nominative plural)
bricht (singular vocative)
bricht (dual vocative)
brechtu (plural vocative)
bricht (accusative singular)
bricht (accusative dual)
brechtu (accusative plural)
brechto (genitive singular)
brechta (genitive singular)
brechto (dual genitive)
brechta (dual genitive)
brechtae (genitive plural)
bricht (dative singular)
brechtaib (dative dual)
brechtaib (dative plural)
bricht
mbricht

Middle Irish: bricht

Irish: briocht


biri

second-person singular present indicative absolute of beirid


to-

prefix used to create verbs and associated verbal nouns


muntar

muntar (nominative singular)
muntair (dual nominative)
muntara (nominative plural)
muntar (singular vocative)
muntair (dual vocative)
muntara (plural vocative)
muntair (accusative singular)
muntair (accusative dual)
muntara (accusative plural)
muntaire (genitive singular)
muntar (dual genitive)
muntar (genitive plural)
muntair (dative singular)
muntaraib (dative dual)
muntaraib (dative plural)
muntar
also mmuntar after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


dég

From di (“from”) + fíach (“debt”), literally "from the debt of".

in sechtugud .i. tabairt almsan son ⁊ denum maith amal dund·gniid-si huare ad·ciat-som do·n-indnagar cech maith duibsi deg innanani-sin [leg. inna n-í-sin].

The deception, i.e. giving alms and doing good, as you do it, because they see that every good thing is given to you because of those things.

.i. deg i[n]d ainmnedo hó cho[m]s[uidigud].

i.e. because of the nominative by composition.


dég

Middle Irish: déig

Lín a ḟertae maic Dé bí, ní·raisnedat cit ecnae, dég is du híic cech duini do·dechuid mo chlothruiri.

The number of the son of the living God's miracles, not even sages can tell, because it is for saving every person that my famous King has come.

Is díriuch a ndechor deg cinte persana.

Right is their difference since they define persons.

.i. dég ro·bói in spiurt nóib less.

That is, because the Holy Spirit has been with him.


lud

first-person singular preterite conjunct of téit


cair

Univerbation of cía (“what?”) + air (“for”), although the existence of Middle Welsh pyr (“why?”) suggests the univerbation may have happened already in Proto–Insular Celtic.
Thurneysen suggests that the above etymology applies only to the sense “why?”, while the interrogative particle is from Latin quaere. This seems unnecessary, especially since quaere itself is never used this way.


cair

particle introducing a direct question, generally used in addition to another question word such as in or a wh-word


berat

third-person plural present indicative/subjunctive conjunct of beirid


fiche

head

fiche m (genitive singular fichet, nominative plural fichit)

fichet (genitive singular)
fichit (nominative plural)
fiche (nominative singular)
fichit (dual nominative)
fichit (nominative plural)
fiche (singular vocative)
fichit (dual vocative)
fichtea (plural vocative)
fichit (accusative singular)
fichit (accusative dual)
fichtea (accusative plural)
fichet (genitive singular)
fichet (dual genitive)
fichet (genitive plural)
fichit (dative singular)
fichtib (dative dual)
fichtib (dative plural)
fiche
ḟiche
fiche

Irish: fiche

Manx: feed

Scottish Gaelic: fichead

From Proto-Celtic *wikantī, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥t, from *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two-ten”).

fiche ar chét

one hundred and twenty [lit. twenty in front of a hundred]

De Ira, published in "An Irish Penitential", Ériu vol. 7, page 166, edited and with translations by Edward J. Gwynn
Nech marbus a mac nó a ingin, peinnid blíadain ar xx.it.

Anyone who kills their son or daughter [must do] 21 years [lit. a year in front of twenty] in penance.


áru

áru f or n (genitive árann, nominative plural árainn)

árann (genitive)
árainn (nominative plural)
áru (nominative singular)
árainn (dual nominative)
árainn (nominative plural)
áru (singular vocative)
árainn (dual vocative)
áirne (plural vocative)
árainn (accusative singular)
árainn (accusative dual)
áirne (accusative plural)
árann (genitive singular)
árann (dual genitive)
árann (genitive plural)
árainn (dative singular)
árnib (dative dual)
árnib (dative plural)
áru
n-áru

From Proto-Celtic *ārū. Cognate with Welsh aren and perhaps more distantly with Hittite [script needed] (ḫaḫri-), Latin rēn, and Tocharian A āriñc (“heart”).


ardi

Alternative spelling of airdi: genitive singular of arde


imbe

imbi (genitive)
imbe (nominative singular)
imbe (dual nominative)
imbe (nominative plural)
imbe (singular vocative)
imbe (dual vocative)
imbe (plural vocative)
imbe (accusative singular)
imbe (accusative dual)
imbe (accusative plural)
imbi (genitive singular)
imbe (dual genitive)
imbe (genitive plural)
imbiu (dative singular)
imbib (dative dual)
imbib (dative plural)
imbe
n-imbe


fili

fili m (genitive filed, nominative plural filid)

filed (genitive)
filid (nominative plural)
fili (nominative singular)
filid (dual nominative)
fili (dual nominative)
filid (nominative plural)
fili (singular vocative)
filid (dual vocative)
fili (dual vocative)
fileda (plural vocative)
filid (accusative singular)
filid (accusative dual)
fili (accusative dual)
fileda (accusative plural)
filed (genitive singular)
filed (dual genitive)
filed (genitive plural)
filid (dative singular)
filedaib (dative dual)
filedaib (dative plural)
fili
ḟili
fili

Irish: file

Manx: feelee

Scottish Gaelic: filidh

From Primitive Irish ᚃᚓᚂᚔᚈᚐᚄ (velitas), from Proto-Celtic *welīts.

In tan labratar ind ḟilid a persin inna ṅdea, do·gniat primam ⁊ secundam in illis.

When the poets speak in the person of the gods, they make a first and second [person] in them.

Middle Irish: filidechtIrish: filíochtManx: feeleeaghtScottish Gaelic: filidheachd


clé

clé (masculine nominative singular)
clé (feminine nominative singular)
clé (neuter nominative singular)
clí (masculine singular vocative)
clé (feminine singular vocative)
clé (neuter singular vocative)
clé (accusative masculine singular)
clí (accusative feminine singular)
clé (accusative neuter singular)
clí (genitive masculine singular)
clé (feminine genitive singular)
clí (genitive neuter singular)
clíu (dative masculine singular)
clí (dative feminine singular)
clíu (dative neuter singular)
clí (masculine nominative plural)
clí (feminine neuter nominative plural)
clí (masculine plural vocative)
clíu (masculine plural vocative)
clí (feminine neuter plural vocative)
clí (accusative masculine plural)
clíu (accusative masculine plural)
clí (accusative feminine neuter plural)
clé (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
cléib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
clé
chlé
clé

Middle Irish: clé

Irish: clé

Scottish Gaelic: clì

Manx: clee


arde

arde n (genitive ardi, nominative plural arde)

ardi (genitive)
arde (nominative plural)
arde (nominative singular)
arde (dual nominative)
arde (nominative plural)
arde (singular vocative)
arde (dual vocative)
arde (plural vocative)
arde (accusative singular)
arde (accusative dual)
arde (accusative plural)
ardi (genitive singular)
arde (dual genitive)
arde (genitive plural)
ardiu (dative singular)
ardib (dative dual)
ardib (dative plural)
arde
n-arde


lega

third-person singular present indicative conjunct of legaid


tí

tí (nominative singular)
tíg (dual nominative)
tíg (nominative plural)
tí (singular vocative)
tíg (dual vocative)
tíga (plural vocative)
tíg (accusative singular)
tíg (accusative dual)
tíga (accusative plural)
tíg (genitive singular)
tíg (dual genitive)
tíg (genitive plural)
tíg (dative singular)
tígaib (dative dual)
tígaib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *tīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).

der

Gabthae tí chorcrae imon ríg lasa senad co ndimbríg.
Ba do genuch fo·cres sin níbu dúthracht a chumtaig.

The king was dressed with a purple cloak   by the contemptible assembly.
 It was for mocking that it was put [over him];   it was not a desire to cover him.


tí

third-person singular present subjunctive prototonic of do·icc


bem

first-person plural present subjunctive conjunct of at·tá


sír

head

sír (comparative síriu, superlative sírem)

síriu (comparative)
sírem (superlative)
sír
ṡír

Irish: síor

Manx: sheer-

Scottish Gaelic: sìor

From Proto-Celtic *sīros (“long”) (compare Welsh hir, Breton hir, and Cornish hyr).


tó

first-person singular present progressive conjunct of at·tá


ruis

ruis
also rruis after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

inflection of ros:
vocative/genitive singular

inflection of ros:
nominative plural (both etymologies)


cene

third-person singular masculine/neuter of cen: without him/it


cene

Irish: cheana

Manx: hannah

Scottish Gaelic: a-cheana


mucca

mucca
also mmucca after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of mucc


fedan

fednae (genitive)
fedan (nominative singular)
fedan (singular vocative)
fedain (accusative singular)
fednae (genitive singular)
fedain (dative singular)
fedan
ḟedan
fedan

Middle Irish: fedan (“band, company”)

Irish: feadhain

Scottish Gaelic: feadhainn

From Proto-Celtic *wedonā, an unusual double-thematic formation in -o-nā. Two other basic verbal nouns, mlegon (“milking”) (from *mlig-o-nos) and orcun (“slaying”) (from *org-e-nā) also have double-thematic *-V-no/ā- formations. Their closest parallels are Proto-Germanic *-aną and past participles in *-anaz, in addition to Slavic past passive participles in original -enъ.

…arad cacha fedna[e], crand fedna[e] collna…

…[a rack] for each carriage, wood for carrying bodies [in biers]…

inna fednae

verbal noun of feidid: carrying, conveying

.i. nabad inunn fedan i mbeith.

i.e. let not the yoke in which you pl are be the same.


loc

loc (nominative singular)
loc (dual nominative)
luic (nominative plural)
luic (singular vocative)
loc (dual vocative)
lucu (plural vocative)
loc (accusative singular)
loc (accusative dual)
lucu (accusative plural)
luic (genitive singular)
loc (dual genitive)
loc (genitive plural)
luc (dative singular)
locaib (dative dual)
locaib (dative plural)
loc
also lloc after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: log

Borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *llog (whence Welsh llog), from Latin locus.

Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.

Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.

place (usually inhabited, or suited thereto)


ná

Middle Irish: ná

Irish: ná

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme

Uncertain. According to Matasović originally short /na/, from Proto-Celtic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”). According to Dunkel from Proto-Celtic *nā, from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁, from *ne + adverbial suffix *-h₁. In Old Irish the expected outcome would be *nú in a final syllable. The variant with á would adopted from originally disyllabic forms like nád (relative) and nách (before infixed pronoun).

Ná bíth i cobadlus doïb, ar atá torad la gnímu soilse .i. praemia aeterna ní ḟil immurgu acht infructuosa.

Do not be in fellowship with them, for there is fruit with works of light, i.e. praemia aeterna. There is nothing [with works of darkness], however, save infructuosa.

Hóre ammi maicc laí et soilse, ná seichem nahísiu.

Since we are children of day and light, let us not follow these things.

Ná déne ainmnit.

don’t, let…not (particle used to introduce a negative imperative)


ná

Middle Irish: ná

Irish: ná

Maybe from Proto-Celtic *nāwe (“or not”), from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (“not”) + *-we (“or”). Compare nó (“or”).


mide

midi (genitive)
mide (nominative singular)
midi (singular vocative)
mide (accusative singular)
midi (genitive singular)
midiu (dative singular)
mide
also mmide after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: mide

Irish: mí

From Proto-Celtic *medyos, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos.


sona

Irish: sona

Manx: sonney

Scottish Gaelic: sona

From Proto-Celtic *sugnāwos (“well grown”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).


sund

Inherited from Proto-Celtic *sondos (more specifically, its dative singular *sondūi); cognate with Welsh hwn (“this”).


cú

cú m (genitive con, nominative plural coin)

con (genitive)
coin (nominative plural)
cú (nominative singular)
coin (dual nominative)
coin (nominative plural)
cú (singular vocative)
coin (dual vocative)
cona (plural vocative)
coin (accusative singular)
coin (accusative dual)
cona (accusative plural)
con (genitive singular)
con (dual genitive)
con (genitive plural)
coin (dative singular)
cú (dative singular)
conaib (dative dual)
conaib (dative plural)
cú
chú
cú

desctree

Middle Irish: cú
Irish: cú
Manx: coo
Scottish Gaelic: cù

From Primitive Irish ᚉᚒᚅᚐ (cuna, genitive), from Proto-Celtic *kū (compare Welsh ci), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.


téged

·téged (canonical)
·téged
·théged
·téged


áss

áss (nominative singular)
áss (singular vocative)
áss (accusative singular)
áiss (genitive singular)
áss (dative singular)
áss
n-áss

Middle Irish: ás

Irish: fás

Scottish Gaelic: fàs

Manx: aase

From Proto-Celtic *ɸāstom, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect, shepherd”).

der

Uisse in boill dó ass ón chiunn.

[It is] proper for the members to grow from the head.

Ba erdath ⁊ ba lith mor iarum la Colum Cille ann dogress dona braithribh. Ass n-ingnama doib: ann nobithe tremsi oc aurcilliud ⁊ oc legcude usce trit. Feil na n-Airemon leisom insin fo bithin is ann for·centai a n-as.

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 68, pages 115-179:

A great festivity and merrymaking was regularly allowed by Colum Cille thereafter to the brethren. The growth of the crops was given to them then: three months were spent in tending and watering them. He called that the Feast of the Ploughmen, because it was then that the crops reached their full growth.


fáilte

fáilte (nominative singular)
fáilti (dual nominative)
fáilti (nominative plural)
fáilte (singular vocative)
fáilti (dual vocative)
fáilti (plural vocative)
fáilti (accusative singular)
fáilti (accusative dual)
fáilti (accusative plural)
fáilte (genitive singular)
fáilte (dual genitive)
fáilte (genitive plural)
fáilti (dative singular)
fáiltib (dative dual)
fáiltib (dative plural)

desctree

Middle Irish: fáilte
Irish: fáilte
Manx: failt
Scottish Gaelic: fàilte

[ˈɸaːl͈ʲtʲe]

From Proto-Celtic *wāletiyā. By surface analysis, fáilid + -e.
Cognate with Old English wele, wela, willan (“to wish”), Latin volō (“to want”).

Bed indbadigthi .i. bed chuintechti .i. cid fáilte ad·cot-sa ⁊ du·ngnéu, is túsu immid·folngi dam, a Dǽ; cid indeb dano ad·cot, is tú, Dǽ, immid·folngi dam.

To be enriched, i.e. to be sought, i.e. though it is joy that I obtain and make, it is you who effects it for me, O God; so too, though it is wealth that I obtain, it is you, God, who effects it for me.


fáilte

[ˈɸaːl͈ʲtʲe]

inflection of fáilid:
feminine genitive singular

inflection of fáilid:
all genders genitive plural


sinni

Irish: sinn

Scottish Gaelic: sinn

Manx: shin

From *sisni, dissimilated from Proto-Celtic *snisni, from *snīs (“we”) (compare Welsh nini, ni).

Is sinni.


scara

third-person singular present indicative conjunct of scaraid


berr

berr (masculine nominative singular)
berr (feminine nominative singular)
berr (neuter nominative singular)
birr (masculine singular vocative)
berr (masculine singular vocative)
berr (feminine singular vocative)
berr (neuter singular vocative)
berr (accusative masculine singular)
birr (accusative feminine singular)
berr (accusative neuter singular)
birr (genitive masculine singular)
birre (feminine genitive singular)
birr (genitive neuter singular)
biurr (dative masculine singular)
birr (dative feminine singular)
biurr (dative neuter singular)
birr (masculine nominative plural)
berra (feminine neuter nominative plural)
birru (masculine plural vocative)
berra (masculine plural vocative)
berra (feminine neuter plural vocative)
birru (accusative masculine plural)
berra (accusative masculine plural)
berra (accusative feminine neuter plural)
berr (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
berraib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)


berr

third-person singular preterite conjunct of berraid


bede

second-person plural present subjunctive of is


derb

derbu (comparative)
derb (masculine nominative singular)
derb (feminine nominative singular)
derb (neuter nominative singular)
deirb (masculine singular vocative)
derb (masculine singular vocative)
derb (feminine singular vocative)
derb (neuter singular vocative)
derb (accusative masculine singular)
deirb (accusative feminine singular)
derb (accusative neuter singular)
deirb (genitive masculine singular)
deirbe (feminine genitive singular)
deirb (genitive neuter singular)
derb (dative masculine singular)
deirb (dative feminine singular)
derb (dative neuter singular)
deirb (masculine nominative plural)
derba (feminine neuter nominative plural)
derbu (masculine plural vocative)
derba (masculine plural vocative)
derba (feminine neuter plural vocative)
derbu (accusative masculine plural)
derba (accusative masculine plural)
derba (accusative feminine neuter plural)
derb (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
derbaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
derb
nderb

Irish: dearbh

Manx: jarroo

Scottish Gaelic: dearbh

From Proto-Celtic *derwos (“firm”), from Proto-Indo-European *drewh₂- (“steady, firm”), extension of *dóru (“tree”). Compare Old English trīewe, English true.

der

ɔ eperthae cía aiccent ⁊ cisí aimser derb thechtas

so that it might be said what accent and what certain time it has


éta

third-person singular present indicative prototonic

second/third-person singular present subjunctive prototonic


cria

third-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of crenaid


lon

lon (nominative singular)
lon (dual nominative)
luin (nominative plural)
luin (singular vocative)
lon (dual vocative)
lunu (plural vocative)
lon (accusative singular)
lon (accusative dual)
lunu (accusative plural)
luin (genitive singular)
lon (dual genitive)
lon (genitive plural)
lun (dative singular)
lonaib (dative dual)
lonaib (dative plural)
lon
also llon after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: lon, lon dubh

Manx: lhondoo, lhonnag

Scottish Gaelic: lon, lon-dubh

According to Stokes, from Proto-Celtic *lux-no-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”).

Turdus merula
Turdus merula#Translingual


adora

ad·ora (canonical)
adrad (noun-from-verb)
ad·ora (deuterotonic indicative present singular third-person)
ad·orthar (deuterotonic indicative passive present singular)
·adraim (first-person indicative present prototonic singular)
adraid (simplex absolute) (indicative present prototonic singular third-person)
adras (simplex relative) (indicative present prototonic singular third-person)
·adrat (indicative plural present prototonic third-person)
ad·ordais (deuterotonic imperfect indicative plural third-person)
at·ror (deuterotonic perfect preterite singular third-person)
ad·rorsat (deuterotonic perfect plural preterite third-person)
ad·orfa (deuterotonic future preterite singular third-person)
·radar (first-person present prototonic singular subjunctive)
·roadrae (present prototonic second-person singular subjunctive)
ad·ora
ad·n-ora

sga-conj-complex

<i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">ro-</i>form

Irish: adhair

From Latin adōrō, reanalyzed as having the prefix ad-.


lia

Irish: lia

From Proto-Celtic *ɸleis, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-yōs.

Hóre am essamin-se precepte asmo chuimriug, is lïa de creitfess.

Since I am fearless in preaching out of my captivity, the more it is who will believe.


lia

lïa (canonical)
lïa
also llïa after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Univerbation of la (“with”) + a (“his, her, their”)


dorus

head

dorus n (genitive doirseo, nominative plural dorus or doirsea)

doirseo (genitive)
dorus (nominative plural)
doirsea (nominative plural)
dorus (nominative singular)
dorus (dual nominative)
dorus (nominative plural)
doirsea (nominative plural)
dorus (singular vocative)
dorus (dual vocative)
dorus (plural vocative)
doirsea (plural vocative)
dorus (accusative singular)
dorus (accusative dual)
dorus (accusative plural)
doirsea (accusative plural)
doirseo (genitive singular)
doirsea (genitive singular)
doirseo (dual genitive)
doirsea (dual genitive)
doirsea (genitive plural)
dorus (dative singular)
doirsib (dative dual)
doirsib (dative plural)
dorus
ndorus

desctree

Middle Irish: dorus
Irish: doras
Manx: dorrys
Scottish Gaelic: dorus, doras

From Proto-Celtic *dworestus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”). Cognates include Sanskrit द्वार् (dvār), Ancient Greek θύρα (thúra), Latin foris, forum, Old Church Slavonic двьри (dvĭri) and Old English duru and dor (English door).


trom

trom (masculine nominative singular)
trom (feminine nominative singular)
trom (neuter nominative singular)
truim (masculine singular vocative)
trom (masculine singular vocative)
trom (feminine singular vocative)
trom (neuter singular vocative)
trom (accusative masculine singular)
truim (accusative feminine singular)
trom (accusative neuter singular)
truim (genitive masculine singular)
truime (feminine genitive singular)
truim (genitive neuter singular)
trom (dative masculine singular)
truim (dative feminine singular)
trom (dative neuter singular)
truim (masculine nominative plural)
troma (feminine neuter nominative plural)
tromu (masculine plural vocative)
troma (masculine plural vocative)
troma (feminine neuter plural vocative)
tromu (accusative masculine plural)
troma (accusative masculine plural)
troma (accusative feminine neuter plural)
trom (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
tromaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Middle Irish: trom

Irish: trom

Manx: trome

Scottish Gaelic: trom

desctree

⇒ Middle Irish: tromaigid
Irish: tromaigh

From Proto-Celtic *trummos (compare Welsh trwm).

coní árim-se peccad libsi uili, ꝉ ara·tart-sa fortacht dúibsi, arnap trom fuirib for n‑oínur

so that I may not count sin with you all, or so that I may give aid to you lest it be heavy on you by yourselves


trom

trom (nominative singular)
trom (dual nominative)
trom (nominative plural)
troma (nominative plural)
trom (singular vocative)
trom (dual vocative)
trom (plural vocative)
troma (plural vocative)
trom (accusative singular)
trom (accusative dual)
trom (accusative plural)
troma (accusative plural)
truim (genitive singular)
trom (dual genitive)
trom (genitive plural)
trom (dative singular)
tromaib (dative dual)
tromaib (dative plural)
trom
throm
trom


caraid

head

caraid (conjunct ·cara, verbal noun serc or carthain)

·cara (conjunct)
serc (noun-from-verb)
carthain (noun-from-verb)
caraim (absolute first-person indicative present singular)
caraid (absolute indicative present singular third-person)
carait (absolute indicative plural present third-person)
·caraim (conjunct first-person indicative present singular)
·cari (conjunct indicative present second-person singular)
·cara (conjunct indicative present singular third-person)
·caram (conjunct first-person indicative plural present)
·carat (conjunct indicative plural present third-person)
·carthar (conjunct indicative passive present singular)
·cartar (conjunct indicative passive plural present)
caras (indicative present relative singular third-person)
cartae (indicative plural present relative third-person)
nob·carad (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
carsait (absolute plural preterite third-person)
·carsat (conjunct plural preterite third-person)
rot·charus (deuterotonic first-person perfect singular)
ro·car (deuterotonic perfect singular third-person)
rondob·carsam (deuterotonic first-person perfect plural)
ro·carsat (deuterotonic perfect plural third-person)
·cechra (absolute conjunct future singular third-person)
·cechrat (absolute conjunct future plural third-person)
·cechrainn (absolute conditional first-person singular)
carae (absolute present second-person singular subjunctive)
·carae (absolute conjunct present second-person singular subjunctive)
·chara (absolute conjunct present singular subjunctive third-person)
·rochra (absolute conjunct present singular subjunctive third-person)
·carat (absolute conjunct plural present subjunctive third-person)
carad (absolute imperative past singular third-person)
serc (absolute first-person noun-from-verb past singular subjunctive)
carthain (absolute first-person noun-from-verb past singular subjunctive)
carthi (absolute first-person necessitative participle past singular)
caraid
charaid
caraid

sga-conj-simple

with dummy particle no- and infixed pronoun b-

with infixed pronoun <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">t-</i>

with infixed pronoun <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">dob-</i> in a nasal relative clause

<i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">ro</i>-form

Irish: car

From Proto-Celtic *karāti (“to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

der

nob·carad glosses uos desiderabat

Cía techtid nach aile ní ad·chobrai-siu ⁊ ní techtai-siu ón immurgu, ní étaigther-su immanísin, .i. ní ascnae ⁊ ní charae; is sí indala ch⟨í⟩all les isindí as emulari in sin.

Though another may possess what you may desire and you may however not possess, you should not be jealous of that thing, i.e. you should not seek after and love it; that is one of the two meanings that he finds in emulari.

Ad·n‑amraigther .i. no·n‑étaigther .i. ad·cosnae són nó no·carae

that you sg may admire, i.e. that you may emulate i.e. that you may strive after or love


sech

sechum (first-person singular)
sechut (second-person singular)
seche (accusative singular)
sechae (accusative singular)
sechæ (accusative singular)
secce (accusative singular)
sechund (dative first-person plural)
seccu (accusative plural third-person)

Irish: seach

Manx: shagh

Scottish Gaelic: seach

Probably from Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”) (compare Welsh heb (“without”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”) (compare Latin secus (“along”) and Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “without”)), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Alternatively, from *sek- (“to cut”).

inh

.i. air ní derb linnai etarcnae inna lloc sech-a·retham

i.e. for the knowledge of places past which we run is not certain to us.

.i. ceit leu precept domsa seccu

i.e. they are jealous that I preach rather than they.

in preference to, rather than, instead of

Ná eiplet húan bás coitchen húa n‑epil cách, acht foircniter húa sain-bás sech cách.

Let them not die by the common death by which everyone dies, but let them be ended by a special death different from everyone.

tria degmaini dom·beir do doinib 7 do iudeib sech [c]ach

through His benefits which He confers on men, and on the Jews above all.


salainn

vocative/genitive singular of salann (“salt”)


agad

agad (nominative singular)
agaid (dual nominative)
aigthea (nominative plural)
agad (singular vocative)
agaid (dual vocative)
aigthea (plural vocative)
agaid (accusative singular)
agaid (accusative dual)
aigthea (accusative plural)
aigthe (genitive singular)
agad (dual genitive)
agad (genitive plural)
agaid (dative singular)
aigthib (dative dual)
aigthib (dative plural)

Irish: aghaidh

Scottish Gaelic: aghaidh

Uncertain, possibly related to aigid (“to drive”), similarly to how Latin faciēs (“form, face”) is related to faciō (“to make”).


agad

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

third-person singular past subjunctive of aigid


ág

áig (genitive)
ága (genitive)
ág (nominative singular)
ág (dual nominative)
áig (nominative plural)
áig (singular vocative)
ág (dual vocative)
águ (plural vocative)
ág (accusative singular)
ág (accusative dual)
águ (accusative plural)
áig (genitive singular)
ág (dual genitive)
ág (genitive plural)
ág (dative singular)
ágaib (dative dual)
ágaib (dative plural)
ág (nominative singular)
ág (dual nominative)
ágae (nominative plural)
ág (singular vocative)
ág (dual vocative)
águ (plural vocative)
ág (accusative singular)
ág (accusative dual)
águ (accusative plural)
ágo (genitive singular)
ága (genitive singular)
ágo (dual genitive)
ága (dual genitive)
ágae (genitive plural)
ág (dative singular)
ágaib (dative dual)
ágaib (dative plural)
ág
n-ág

Irish: ágh

From Proto-Celtic *āgos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).


occo

third-person singular masculine dative of oc


camma

inflection of camm:
nominative plural feminine/neuter

inflection of camm:
vocative/accusative plural all genders


ib

second-person singular imperative of ibid


ib

third-person singular present indicative conjunct of ibid


guid

third-person singular present indicative conjunct of guidid


ceto

Univerbation of ce, cía (“although”) + it (“they are”)

univerbation

Ní airegdu a persan-som ol·daas persan na n‑abstal olchene, ceto thoísegu i n‑iriss.

Their persons are not more eminent than the persons of the rest of the apostles, though they are prior in faith.


gell

gell (nominative singular)
gell (dual nominative)
gell (nominative plural)
gella (nominative plural)
gell (singular vocative)
gell (dual vocative)
gell (plural vocative)
gella (plural vocative)
gell (accusative singular)
gell (accusative dual)
gell (accusative plural)
gella (accusative plural)
gill (genitive singular)
gell (dual genitive)
gell (genitive plural)
giull (dative singular)
gellaib (dative dual)
gellaib (dative plural)
gell
ngell

Middle Irish: gell

Irish: geall

Scottish Gaelic: geall

⇒ Middle Irish: gillán

From Proto-Celtic *geldom (“pledge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (compare Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to pay”)).


lige

lige (nominative singular)
lige (dual nominative)
lige (nominative plural)
lige (singular vocative)
lige (dual vocative)
lige (plural vocative)
lige (accusative singular)
lige (accusative dual)
lige (accusative plural)
ligi (genitive singular)
lige (dual genitive)
lige (genitive plural)
ligiu (dative singular)
ligib (dative dual)
ligib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *legyom, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie (down)”).

der

Nicon fordamar suide nó ligi do fir díob con·gabsat an deorad iterum.

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 85, pages 115-179:

[Adamnan] did not allow them to sit or lie down unless they receive the stranger again.

Cid in tan no·mbíth inna ligiu, ba ac imrádud chloíne no·bíth.

Even when he used to be in his bed, he used to be meditating iniquity.


lige

lige (nominative singular)
ligi (dual nominative)
ligi (nominative plural)
lige (singular vocative)
ligi (dual vocative)
ligi (plural vocative)
ligi (accusative singular)
ligi (accusative dual)
ligi (accusative plural)
lige (genitive singular)
lige (dual genitive)
lige (genitive plural)
ligi (dative singular)
ligib (dative dual)
ligib (dative plural)
lige
also llige after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


ebla

third-person singular future conjunct of aigid

third-person singular future conjunct of ailid


bó

head

bó f (genitive bóu or bó, nominative plural baí)

bóu (genitive)
bó (genitive)
baí (nominative plural)
bó (nominative singular)
baí (dual nominative)
baí (nominative plural)
bó (singular vocative)
baí (dual vocative)
bú (plural vocative)
boin (accusative singular)
baí (accusative dual)
bú (accusative plural)
bóu (genitive singular)
bó (genitive singular)
bó (dual genitive)
báo (genitive plural)
bó (genitive plural)
boin (dative singular)
buaib (dative dual)
buaib (dative plural)
bó
mbó

Irish: bó

Manx: booa

Scottish Gaelic: bó, bò

From Proto-Celtic *bāus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.


cote

Irish: goidé, cad é, cad

Scottish Gaelic: ciod e, dè, ciod

Univerbation of co (“how”) + de (“from it”).

univerbation

Cote mo thorbe-se dúib mad [a]mne labrar?

What do I profit you pl (lit. ‘what is my profit to you’) if it be thus that I speak (subj.)?


cathair

head

cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)

cathrach (genitive)
cathraig (nominative plural)
cathair (nominative singular)
cathraig (dual nominative)
cathraig (nominative plural)
cathair (singular vocative)
cathraig (dual vocative)
cathracha (plural vocative)
cathraig (accusative singular)
cathraig (accusative dual)
cathracha (accusative plural)
cathrach (genitive singular)
cathrach (dual genitive)
cathrach (genitive plural)
cathraig (dative singular)
caithir (dative singular)
cathrachaib (dative dual)
cathrachaib (dative plural)
cathair
chathair
cathair

Irish: cathair

Manx: caayr

Scottish Gaelic: cathair

From Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”); possibly cognate with Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”) or Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”).

cog

stone enclosure, fortress, castle; dwelling

Nī bo fri óigthea acher cāinbói fri lobru trúagu:

c. 800, Broccán’s Hymn, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, p. 328, ll. 9–10

She was not harsh to guests: gentle was she to the wretched sick:
on a plain she built a convent: may it protect hosts into the Kingdom!

for maig arutacht cathir dollaid rosnāde slúagu.

monastic settlement, enclosure; monastery, convent

(do·adb)adar in taidbsiu hi siu tra do(naib) coic cetaib […] ro·bói isin chaithir isind aimsir sin

this appearance, then, is manifested to the five hundred […] that was in the city at that time

Amal rund·gab slíab Sión andes ⁊ antúaid du⟨n⟩ chath⟨raig⟩ dïa dítin, sic rund·gabsat ar ṅdá thoíb du dítin ar n-inmedónach-ni.

As Mount Sion is located on the south and the north of the city to protect it, so are our two sides there to protect our insides.


fae

PIE word
 *wáy
From Proto-Celtic *wai, from Proto-Indo-European *wáy.


ní

Middle Irish: ní
Irish: ní

From Proto-Celtic *nīs (compare Welsh ni), from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”) (compare Sanskrit न (na), Latin ne, Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni)).


ní

nech (animate nominative)
ní (neuter nominative)
nech (accusative animate)
ní (accusative neuter)
neich (genitive)
neuch (dative)
neoch (dative)
ní
also nní after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

something, anything; some, any [with di ‘of’]


aig

ega (genitive)
aig (nominative singular)
aig (singular vocative)
aig (accusative singular)
ego (genitive singular)
ega (genitive singular)
aig (dative singular)

Scottish Gaelic: eigh


aig

third-person singular present indicative conjunct of aigid


aig

second-person singular imperative of aigid


batir

third-person plural preterite/imperfect indicative of is


bé

Irish: bé

From Proto-Celtic *ben, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn (“woman”).


bé

second/third-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of at·tá


labrar

labrar
also llabrar after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

first-person singular present subjunctive absolute of labraithir


dess

dess (masculine nominative singular)
dess (feminine nominative singular)
dess (neuter nominative singular)
deiss (masculine singular vocative)
dess (masculine singular vocative)
dess (feminine singular vocative)
dess (neuter singular vocative)
dess (accusative masculine singular)
deiss (accusative feminine singular)
dess (accusative neuter singular)
deiss (genitive masculine singular)
deisse (feminine genitive singular)
deiss (genitive neuter singular)
dess (dative masculine singular)
deiss (dative feminine singular)
dess (dative neuter singular)
deiss (masculine nominative plural)
dessa (feminine neuter nominative plural)
dessu (masculine plural vocative)
dessa (masculine plural vocative)
dessa (feminine neuter plural vocative)
dessu (accusative masculine plural)
dessa (accusative masculine plural)
dessa (accusative feminine neuter plural)
dess (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
dessaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dess
ndess

Irish: deas

Manx: jiass

Scottish Gaelic: deas

a lleth o laim deiss


calad

calad (masculine nominative singular)
calad (feminine nominative singular)
calad (neuter nominative singular)
calaid (masculine singular vocative)
calad (masculine singular vocative)
calad (feminine singular vocative)
calad (neuter singular vocative)
calad (accusative masculine singular)
calaid (accusative feminine singular)
calad (accusative neuter singular)
calaid (genitive masculine singular)
cailte (feminine genitive singular)
calaid (genitive neuter singular)
calad (dative masculine singular)
calaid (dative feminine singular)
calad (dative neuter singular)
calaid (masculine nominative plural)
cailtea (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cailtiu (masculine plural vocative)
cailtea (masculine plural vocative)
cailtea (feminine neuter plural vocative)
cailtiu (accusative masculine plural)
cailtea (accusative masculine plural)
cailtea (accusative feminine neuter plural)
calad (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
cailtib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Middle Irish: calad

Irish: caladh

From Proto-Celtic *kaletos. Cognate with Welsh caled.


calad

calad (nominative singular)
calad (dual nominative)
calaid (nominative plural)
calaid (singular vocative)
calad (dual vocative)
caladu (plural vocative)
calad (accusative singular)
calad (accusative dual)
caladu (accusative plural)
calaid (genitive singular)
calad (dual genitive)
calad (genitive plural)
calad (dative singular)
caladaib (dative dual)
caladaib (dative plural)
calad
chalad
calad

Middle Irish: calad

Irish: caladh

Scottish Gaelic: cala, caladh

Possibly from Late Latin calatum, but more likely a substantive use of Etymology 1, i.e. solid land as opposed to the sea (eDIL).


combad

Univerbation of co (“so that”) + bid (third-person singular past subjunctive of is)

univ

third-person singular past subjunctive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">is</i>

trisin intamail sin .i. combad ǽt leu buid domsa i n-iriss et duús in intamlitis

through that imitation, i.e. so that there may be jealousy with them for me to be in faith and if by chance they might imitate [me]

co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] mouth and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

Combad notire rod·scríbad cosse.

It would have been a secretary who had written it until now.


cose

Alternative spelling of cosse (“up to now”)


debe

debe (nominative singular)
debe (dual nominative)
debe (nominative plural)
debe (singular vocative)
debe (dual vocative)
debe (plural vocative)
debe (accusative singular)
debe (accusative dual)
debe (accusative plural)
debi (genitive singular)
debe (dual genitive)
debe (genitive plural)
debiu (dative singular)
debib (dative dual)
debib (dative plural)
debe
ndebe

Do·adbadar sund trá causa pro qua scripta est æpistola .i. irbága ro·bátar leosom eter desciplu et debe; óentu immurgu eter a magistru.

Here, then is shown the reason for which the epistle was written, i.e. they had had contentions and disagreements between the disciples; unity, however, among their masters.


anse

head

anse (comparative ansu, superlative ansam)

ansu (comparative)
ansam (superlative)
anse (masculine nominative singular)
anse (feminine nominative singular)
anse (neuter nominative singular)
ansi (masculine singular vocative)
anse (feminine singular vocative)
anse (neuter singular vocative)
anse (accusative masculine singular)
ansi (accusative feminine singular)
anse (accusative neuter singular)
ansi (genitive masculine singular)
anse (feminine genitive singular)
ansi (genitive neuter singular)
ansu (dative masculine singular)
ansi (dative feminine singular)
ansu (dative neuter singular)
ansi (masculine nominative plural)
ansi (feminine neuter nominative plural)
ansi (masculine plural vocative)
ansu (masculine plural vocative)
ansi (feminine neuter plural vocative)
ansi (accusative masculine plural)
ansu (accusative masculine plural)
ansi (accusative feminine neuter plural)
anse (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
ansib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
anse
n-anse

From an- (“un-”) + asse (“easy”), or directly from Proto-Celtic *an-sādo-syos (compare Middle Welsh anhawð, modern Welsh anodd (“difficult, troublesome”).

is inse ṅduit; ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.

it is impossible for you sg; it is not you that nourish it, but it that nourishes you


doté

third-person singular present subjunctive of do·tét


dotéis

do·téis (canonical)
do·téis
do·théis
do·téis

second-person singular present subjunctive of do·tét


fintar

·fintar (canonical)
·fintar
·ḟintar
·fintar

passive singular present indicative prototonic of ro·finnadar


fomentar

fo·mentar (canonical)
fo·mentar
also fo·mmentar

second-person singular present subjunctive deuterotonic of fo·muinethar


labrad

labrada (genitive)
labrad (nominative singular)
labrad (dual nominative)
labradae (nominative plural)
labrad (singular vocative)
labrad (dual vocative)
labradu (plural vocative)
labrad (accusative singular)
labrad (accusative dual)
labradu (accusative plural)
labrado (genitive singular)
labrada (genitive singular)
labrado (dual genitive)
labrada (dual genitive)
labradae (genitive plural)
labrad (dative singular)
labradaib (dative dual)
labradaib (dative plural)
labrad
also llabrad after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


cosca

third-person singular present subjunctive prototonic of con·secha


matan

matan (nominative singular)
matain (dual nominative)
maitnea (nominative plural)
matan (singular vocative)
matain (dual vocative)
maitnea (plural vocative)
matain (accusative singular)
matain (accusative dual)
maitnea (accusative plural)
maitne (genitive singular)
matan (dual genitive)
matan (genitive plural)
matain (dative singular)
maitneaib (dative dual)
maitneaib (dative plural)

Irish: maidin

Manx: maddin, madjin

Scottish Gaelic: madainn

Borrowed from Latin mātūtīnus (“of the morning”).


robad

third-person singular past subjunctive ro-form prototonic of at·tá


robé

second/third-person singular present subjunctive ro-form of at·tá


sanas

head

sanas f (genitive sanaise, nominative plural sanasa)

sanaise (genitive)
sanasa (nominative plural)
sanas (nominative singular)
sanais (dual nominative)
sanasa (nominative plural)
sanas (singular vocative)
sanais (dual vocative)
sanasa (plural vocative)
sanais (accusative singular)
sanais (accusative dual)
sanasa (accusative plural)
sanaise (genitive singular)
sanas (dual genitive)
sanas (genitive plural)
sanais (dative singular)
sanasaib (dative dual)
sanasaib (dative plural)
sanas
ṡanas

Irish: sanas

⇒ Irish: sanasán

Manx: sannish

Scottish Gaelic: sanas

⇒ Middle Irish: sanusach

From Proto-Celtic *sanestos (“advice; whisper”).


testas

testassa (genitive)
testas (nominative singular)
testas (singular vocative)
testas (accusative singular)
testasso (genitive singular)
testassa (genitive singular)
testas (dative singular)
testas
thestas
testas

From teist (“witness”) (from Latin testis) + -as.

Is dúibsi proficit; ba coïr dúibsi cía do·berthe testas dinni

It is you that it benefits; it would be right for you if you gave testimony of us.


bertha

second-person singular past subjunctive of beirid


fria

head

frïa (triggers lenition in the masculine/neuter singular, /h/-prothesis in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)

frïa (canonical)
in the masculine (triggers-lenition)
neuter singular (triggers-lenition)

Univerbation of fri + a (“his, her, its, their”)


masse

masse
also mmasse after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


oc

ocum (first-person singular)
ocom (first-person singular)
ocut (second-person singular)
oco (dative singular)
occo (dative singular)
oca (dative singular)
occa (dative singular)
occi (dative singular)
occai (dative singular)
ocae (dative singular)
occae (dative singular)
ocunn (first-person plural)
occaib (plural second-person)
occaib (dative plural third-person)

desctree

Middle Irish: oc
Irish: ag
Manx: ec
Scottish Gaelic: aig

From Proto-Celtic *onkos (“near”), probably ultimately related to the root of the verbal suffix icc. Compare Old Irish ocus.

at, beside, by (also used with a form of the substantive verb at·tá to express “have”)


cren

third-person singular present indicative conjunct of crenaid

second-person singular imperative of crenaid


nim

nim
also nnim after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


ais

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *axsi-, from Proto-Celtic *axsilā (“axis”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).


tige

nominative/vocative/accusative and genitive plural


hed

Ní hed not·beir i nem, cía ba loingthech.

It is not this that brings you sg into heaven, that you may be gluttonous.

Is hed no·molfar.

Is hed inso no·guidimm.


ruba

third-person singular habitual present indicative ro-form prototonic of at·tá

first/second-person singular perfect prototonic of benaid


rubai

third-person singular perfect prototonic

second-person singular present subjunctive prototonic ro-form


nocht

nocht (masculine nominative singular)
nocht (feminine nominative singular)
nocht (neuter nominative singular)
nocht (masculine singular vocative)
nocht (feminine singular vocative)
nocht (neuter singular vocative)
nocht (accusative masculine singular)
nocht (accusative feminine singular)
nocht (accusative neuter singular)
nocht (genitive masculine singular)
nochtae (feminine genitive singular)
nocht (genitive neuter singular)
nocht (dative masculine singular)
nocht (dative feminine singular)
nocht (dative neuter singular)
nocht (masculine nominative plural)
nochta (feminine neuter nominative plural)
nochtu (masculine plural vocative)
nochta (masculine plural vocative)
nochta (feminine neuter plural vocative)
nochtu (accusative masculine plural)
nochta (accusative masculine plural)
nochta (accusative feminine neuter plural)
nocht (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
nochtaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nocht
also nnocht after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: nocht

Scottish Gaelic: nochd

From Proto-Celtic *noxtos (“naked”) (compare Welsh noeth), from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós.


ór

óir (genitive)
ór (nominative singular)
ór (singular vocative)
ór (accusative singular)
óir (genitive singular)
ór (dative singular)
ór
n-ór

Irish: ór

Manx: airh

Scottish Gaelic: òr


flaith

flaith (nominative singular)
flaith (dual nominative)
flathai (nominative plural)
flaith (singular vocative)
flaith (dual vocative)
flathai (plural vocative)
flaith (accusative singular)
flaith (accusative dual)
flathai (accusative plural)
flatho (genitive singular)
flatha (genitive singular)
flatho (dual genitive)
flatha (dual genitive)
flathae (genitive plural)
flaith (dative singular)
flathaib (dative dual)
flathaib (dative plural)
flaith
ḟlaith
flaith

Irish: flaith

Manx: flah

Scottish Gaelic: flath

From Proto-Celtic *wlatis (“sovereignty”).

kingdom, realm (especially the Kingdom of Heaven)


dá

dá (accusative masculine nominative)
dí (accusative feminine nominative)
dá (accusative neuter nominative)
dá (genitive masculine)
dá (feminine genitive)
dá (genitive neuter)
dib (dative)
dá
ndá

Irish: dhá, dá, a dó

Manx: daa

Scottish Gaelic: dà, dhà

From Proto-Celtic *duwo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.

It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.


dí

Irish: di

Manx: j'ee

Scottish Gaelic: dhith

third-person singular feminine of di: from her

third-person singular feminine of do: to/for her


dú

dú (nominative singular)
dú (singular vocative)
doin (accusative singular)
don (genitive singular)
doin (dative singular)
dú (dative singular)
dú
ndú

From Proto-Celtic *xdū, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

someone's particular place; native place; patrimony


dún

head

dún n (genitive dúin or dúine, nominative plural dúna or dúine)

dúin (genitive)
dúine (genitive)
dúna (nominative plural)
dúine (nominative plural)
dún (nominative singular)
dún (dual nominative)
dún (nominative plural)
dúna (nominative plural)
dún (singular vocative)
dún (dual vocative)
dún (plural vocative)
dúna (plural vocative)
dún (accusative singular)
dún (accusative dual)
dún (accusative plural)
dúna (accusative plural)
dúin (genitive singular)
dún (dual genitive)
dún (genitive plural)
dún (dative singular)
dúnaib (dative dual)
dúnaib (dative plural)
dún (nominative singular)
dún (dual nominative)
dúine (nominative plural)
dún (singular vocative)
dún (dual vocative)
dúine (plural vocative)
dún (accusative singular)
dún (accusative dual)
dúine (accusative plural)
dúine (genitive singular)
dúine (dual genitive)
dúine (genitive plural)
dúin (dative singular)
dúinib (dative dual)
dúinib (dative plural)

Irish: dún

Manx: doon

Scottish Gaelic: dùn

From Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”).


dún

ind roisc du·n-écomnacht-su dún, a Dǽ

of the eye that you sg have given (to) us, O God


fén

fén m (genitive féoin, nominative plural féoin)

féoin (genitive)
féoin (nominative plural)
fén (nominative singular)
fén (dual nominative)
féoin (nominative plural)
féoin (singular vocative)
fén (dual vocative)
féonu (plural vocative)
fén (accusative singular)
fén (accusative dual)
féonu (accusative plural)
féoin (genitive singular)
fén (dual genitive)
fén (genitive plural)
fén (dative singular)
fénaib (dative dual)
fénaib (dative plural)
fén
ḟén
fén

Irish: féan

From Proto-Celtic *wegnos, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰnos, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to go, transport”).


fóu

Ní hé apstal cita·rogab in testimin so. Aliter: Ní fóu da·uc int apstal fon chéill fuand·rogab in fáith.

It is not (the) apostle who first uttered this text. Otherwise: The apostle did not apply it in the sense in which the prophet uttered it.

third-person singular masculine/neuter dative of fo


gé

third-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of guidid


lá

head

lá n (genitive laí, nominative plural lá or láa or lae)

laí (genitive)
lá (nominative plural)
láa (nominative plural)
lae (nominative plural)
lá (nominative singular)
lae (nominative singular)
láa (nominative singular)
lá (dual nominative)
lae (dual nominative)
láa (dual nominative)
lá (nominative plural)
lae (nominative plural)
láa (nominative plural)
lá (singular vocative)
lae (singular vocative)
láa (singular vocative)
lá (dual vocative)
lae (dual vocative)
láa (dual vocative)
lá (plural vocative)
lae (plural vocative)
láa (plural vocative)
lá (accusative singular)
lae (accusative singular)
láa (accusative singular)
lá (accusative dual)
lae (accusative dual)
láa (accusative dual)
lá (accusative plural)
lae (accusative plural)
láa (accusative plural)
laí (genitive singular)
lá (dual genitive)
lae (dual genitive)
láa (dual genitive)
lá (genitive plural)
lae (genitive plural)
láa (genitive plural)
láu (dative singular)
láo (dative singular)
ló (dative singular)
láib (dative dual)
láib (dative plural)

Irish: lá

Manx: laa

Scottish Gaelic: là, lò

Unknown. Thurneysen has tried to derive this term from the contraction of its synonym laithe, itself from Proto-Celtic *latyom, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁t- (“warm part of the year”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *lěto n (“summer, year”). Hence, in the original versions of the Dictionary of the Irish Language, lá and laithe were formerly given in the same entry. However, Stifter remains skeptical of this etymology (and believes that the two words are not closely related at all), and eventually the 2019 edition of DIL separated the two terms into separate entries.

inh

Hóre ammi maicc laí et soilse, ná seichem nahísiu.

Since we are children of day and light, let us not follow these things.

(in adverbial phrases) Denoting point in time.


lá

·lá (canonical)
-l (noun-from-verb)
lá
also llá after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

From Proto-Celtic *layeti, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“to leave”).

unattested by itself; takes various preverbs to form verbs


láo

láo
also lláo after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


lí

lí (nominative singular)
lí (dual nominative)
líga (nominative plural)
lí (singular vocative)
lí (dual vocative)
líga (plural vocative)
lí (accusative singular)
lí (accusative dual)
líga (accusative plural)
lí (genitive singular)
lí (dual genitive)
líg (genitive plural)
lí (dative singular)
lígaib (dative dual)
lígaib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: lí

Irish: lí

The spoils of Feradach: a good diadem, …, its shining robes...

"Hail Brigit", from the Book of Leinster, published in Hail Brigit: an Old-Irish poem on the Hill of Alenn. ed. and trans. Kuno Meyer. Halle a.S., M. Niemeyer, 1912. Fodbae Feradaig, fó mind, [...] a brat líg, [...]

Líi gréne fris·ben att, benith galar.

c. 800, Stowe Missal, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, p. 250, lines 11-12

The sun's brightness that heals the swelling, it will quell the disease.


lín

lín (nominative singular)
lín (dual nominative)
lín (nominative plural)
lína (nominative plural)
lín (singular vocative)
lín (dual vocative)
lín (plural vocative)
lín (accusative singular)
lín (accusative dual)
lín (accusative plural)
líno (genitive singular)
lína (genitive singular)
líno (dual genitive)
lína (dual genitive)
lín (genitive plural)
lín (dative singular)
línaib (dative dual)
línaib (dative plural)

Irish: líon (“full number”)

From Proto-Celtic *līnom (“flood, flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“flow”).

(followed by the genitive of another noun or verbal noun) number sufficient to perform a particular deed, full complement


lín

second-person singular imperative of línaid

third-person singular preterite conjunctive

first-person singular present subjunctive conjunctive


lín

lín (nominative singular)
lín (dual nominative)
lín (nominative plural)
lína (nominative plural)
lín (singular vocative)
lín (dual vocative)
lín (plural vocative)
lína (plural vocative)
lín (accusative singular)
lín (accusative dual)
lín (accusative plural)
lína (accusative plural)
lín (genitive singular)
lín (dual genitive)
lín (genitive plural)
lín (dative singular)
línaib (dative dual)
línaib (dative plural)
lín
also llín after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: líon (“flax”)

Scottish Gaelic: lìon (“net”)


má

Irish: má

Manx: my

Scottish Gaelic: ma

From Proto-Celtic *mā, *ma (compare Cornish and Breton mar), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂. Cognate with Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn, “surely, truly”), Sanskrit स्म (sma).

cog

Má beid ní di rúnaib do·théi ar menmuin ind ḟir bíis inna ṡuidiu et ad·reig.

If there is anything of the mysteries that may come upon the mind of the man who is sitting, and he rises.

Má nudub·feil i n‑ellug coirp Críst, adib cland Abrache amal ṡodin, et it sib ata chomarpi Abracham.

If you pl are in the union of the body of Christ, you are Abraham’s children in that case, and it is you who are Abraham’s heirs.


móu

móu
also mmóu after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


ré

rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
rïam (dative singular)
ríam (dative singular)
remi (dative singular)
remisi (dative emphatic singular)
riun (first-person plural)
reuib (plural second-person)
remib (dative plural third-person)

desc

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">rïam</i> (third-person singular masculine)

⇒ Irish: roimh (from rïam (third-person singular masculine))

From Proto-Celtic *ɸrīs (compare Gaulish ris), from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognate with English first and Latin prīscus (“former”). The eclipsis trigger is analogical to íar (“after”). The inflected forms in -m, as well as the cognate prefix rem-, are from the superlative *ɸrīsamos (compare Latin prīmus (“first”)).

Is hé ru·fiastar cumachtae inna díglae do·mbi{u}r-siu húa londas, intí du·écigi{gi} is ar trócairi ⁊ censi du·bir-siu forunni siu innahí fo·daimem ré techt innúnn.

He who will know the power of the punishment which you sg inflict by means of wrath, it is he who will see that it is for the sake of mercy and gentleness that you inflict on us here the things that we suffer before going there.


rún

head

rún f (genitive rúine, nominative plural rúna)

rúine (genitive)
rúna (nominative plural)
rún (nominative singular)
rúin (dual nominative)
rúna (nominative plural)
rún (singular vocative)
rúin (dual vocative)
rúna (plural vocative)
rúin (accusative singular)
rúin (accusative dual)
rúna (accusative plural)
rúine (genitive singular)
rún (dual genitive)
rún (genitive plural)
rúin (dative singular)
rúnaib (dative dual)
rúnaib (dative plural)
rún
also rrún after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: rún

Scottish Gaelic: rùn

Manx: roon

From Proto-Celtic *rūnā. Cognate with Welsh rhin.

If there are any of the mysteries that may come upon the mind of the man who is sitting, and he rises.

Is airi am cimbid-se hóre no·pridchim in rúin sin.

It is for that reason that I am a captive, because I preach that mystery.


athair

athair m (genitive athar, nominative plural aithir)

athar (genitive)
aithir (nominative plural)
athair (nominative singular)
athair (dual nominative)
aithir (nominative plural)
athair (singular vocative)
athair (dual vocative)
aithrea (plural vocative)
athair (accusative singular)
athair (accusative dual)
aithrea (accusative plural)
athar (genitive singular)
athar (dual genitive)
aithre (genitive plural)
athrae (genitive plural)
athair (dative singular)
aithrib (dative dual)
athraib (dative dual)
aithrib (dative plural)
athraib (dative plural)
athair
n-athair

Irish: athair

Manx: ayr
→ English: ayr

Scottish Gaelic: athair

From Proto-Celtic *ɸatīr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.

Ní du ṡémigud pectha at·ber-som inso .i. combad dó fa·cherred: “ní sní cetid·deirgni ⁊ ní sní dud·rigni nammá”; acht is do chuingid dílguda dosom, amal du·rolged dïa aithrib íar n-immarmus.

It is not to palliate sin that he says this, i.e. so that he might put it for this: “we have not done it first and we have not done it only”; but it is to seek forgiveness for himself, as his fathers had been forgiven after sinning.


máthair

máthair f (genitive máthar, nominative plural máithir)

máthar (genitive)
máithir (nominative plural)
máthair
also mmáthair after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


anglan

anglan (masculine nominative singular)
anglan (feminine nominative singular)
anglan (neuter nominative singular)
anglain (masculine singular vocative)
anglan (masculine singular vocative)
anglan (feminine singular vocative)
anglan (neuter singular vocative)
anglan (accusative masculine singular)
anglain (accusative feminine singular)
anglan (accusative neuter singular)
anglain (genitive masculine singular)
anglaine (feminine genitive singular)
anglain (genitive neuter singular)
anglan (dative masculine singular)
anglain (dative feminine singular)
anglan (dative neuter singular)
anglain (masculine nominative plural)
anglana (feminine neuter nominative plural)
anglanu (masculine plural vocative)
anglana (masculine plural vocative)
anglana (feminine neuter plural vocative)
anglanu (accusative masculine plural)
anglana (accusative masculine plural)
anglana (accusative feminine neuter plural)
anglan (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
anglanaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
anglan
n-anglan

Mainip in chrud so bid anglan for cland, .i. a lliles dind ancretmiuch bid ancretmech.

Unless it is in this way, your children will be unclean, i.e. whatever follows the unbelieving will be unbelieving.