moch

moch (masculine nominative singular)
moch (feminine nominative singular)
moch (neuter nominative singular)
muich (masculine singular vocative)
moch (masculine singular vocative)
moch (feminine singular vocative)
moch (neuter singular vocative)
moch (accusative masculine singular)
muich (accusative feminine singular)
moch (accusative neuter singular)
muich (genitive masculine singular)
muiche (feminine genitive singular)
muich (genitive neuter singular)
much (dative masculine singular)
muich (dative feminine singular)
much (dative neuter singular)
muich (masculine nominative plural)
mocha (feminine neuter nominative plural)
muchu (masculine plural vocative)
mocha (masculine plural vocative)
mocha (feminine neuter plural vocative)
muchu (accusative masculine plural)
mocha (accusative masculine plural)
mocha (accusative feminine neuter plural)
moch (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
mochaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Irish: moch

Manx: mogh

Scottish Gaelic: moch

Borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”). Doublet of mos.


moch

moch
also mmoch after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


tost

Middle Irish: tost, tocht

Irish: tost

Scottish Gaelic: tost

From Proto-Celtic *tustus, from the same root as tóe. Several phonological peculiarities relating to the evolution of this term, such as irregular final -st (which should have become -s(s) /s/) and the initial consonant fluctuating between t- and s-, are probably due to contamination from its synonym, socht. This contamination intensified over time, giving birth to Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish forms like tocht and sosd.


olc

head

olc (comparative messa, superlative mesam)

messa (comparative)
mesam (superlative)
olc (masculine nominative singular)
olc (feminine nominative singular)
olc (neuter nominative singular)
uilc (masculine singular vocative)
olc (masculine singular vocative)
olc (feminine singular vocative)
olc (neuter singular vocative)
olc (accusative masculine singular)
uilc (accusative feminine singular)
olc (accusative neuter singular)
uilc (genitive masculine singular)
uilce (feminine genitive singular)
uilc (genitive neuter singular)
ulc (dative masculine singular)
uilc (dative feminine singular)
ulc (dative neuter singular)
uilc (masculine nominative plural)
olca (feminine neuter nominative plural)
ulcu (masculine plural vocative)
olca (masculine plural vocative)
olca (feminine neuter plural vocative)
ulcu (accusative masculine plural)
olca (accusative masculine plural)
olca (accusative feminine neuter plural)
olc (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
olcaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
olc
n-olc

sga-decl-adj-table

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Irish: olc

Manx: olk

Scottish Gaelic: olc

From Proto-Celtic *ulkos, of uncertain etymology. May be related to Latin ulcus and English ill. Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), although there are considerable phonological and semantic difficulties with this etymology.

In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.

When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.

Nach torbatu coitchenn ro·boí indib fri dénum n-uilc, at·rubalt tar hǽsi á pectha.

Any common advantage that had been in them for doing evil, it has perished for their sin.


do-

From Proto-Celtic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.


rón

róin (genitive)
rón (nominative singular)
rón (dual nominative)
róin (nominative plural)
róin (singular vocative)
rón (dual vocative)
rónu (plural vocative)
rón (accusative singular)
rón (accusative dual)
rónu (accusative plural)
róin (genitive singular)
rón (dual genitive)
rón (genitive plural)
rón (dative singular)
rónaib (dative dual)
rónaib (dative plural)
rón
also rrón after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: rón

Unknown. Cognate with Welsh moelrhon (“seal”), which is prefixed with moel (“bald", i.e., "earless”), and Welsh Rhonech, "Steep Holm" (i.e., "place of seals"). Stifter dismisses traditional connections with Welsh rhawn (“coarse animal hair”) as implausible, and supposes that it is instead a Wanderwort from elsewhere. The DIL compares Old English hran (“whale”), but the short vowel of the latter makes it unlikely that the Irish word is borrowed from the English.


nathair

nathair
also nnathair after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


ban-

Middle Irish: ban-

Irish: ban-

Scottish Gaelic: ban-

From Proto-Celtic *bano-. Related to ben (“woman”).

ban- + éces (“poet”) → banéces (“poetess”)

ban- + airchinnech (“leader, superior”) → banairchinnech (“female leader, superior”)

A prefix appended to words to make a female counterpart, similar to -ette or -ess in English.


-ach

-ach (masculine nominative singular)
-ach (feminine nominative singular)
-ach (neuter nominative singular)
-aig (masculine singular vocative)
-ach (masculine singular vocative)
-ach (feminine singular vocative)
-ach (neuter singular vocative)
-ach (accusative masculine singular)
-aig (accusative feminine singular)
-ach (accusative neuter singular)
-aig (genitive masculine singular)
-aige (feminine genitive singular)
-aig (genitive neuter singular)
-uch (dative masculine singular)
-aig (dative feminine singular)
-uch (dative neuter singular)
-aig (masculine nominative plural)
-acha (feminine neuter nominative plural)
-achu (masculine plural vocative)
-acha (masculine plural vocative)
-acha (feminine neuter plural vocative)
-achu (accusative masculine plural)
-acha (accusative masculine plural)
-acha (accusative feminine neuter plural)
-ach (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-achaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ach (nominative singular)
-ach (dual nominative)
-aig (nominative plural)
-aig (singular vocative)
-ach (dual vocative)
-achu (plural vocative)
-ach (accusative singular)
-ach (accusative dual)
-achu (accusative plural)
-aig (genitive singular)
-ach (dual genitive)
-ach (genitive plural)
-uch (dative singular)
-achaib (dative dual)
-achaib (dative plural)

desctree

Middle Irish: -ach
Irish: -ach
Manx: -agh
Scottish Gaelic: -ach

From Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.
Compare Latin -ācus, -icus.

Forms adjectives meaning "related to, having, characterised by, prone to".

Forms nouns meaning "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having".


guth

gotho (genitive)
gotha (genitive)
guth (nominative singular)
guth (dual nominative)
gothae (nominative plural)
guth (singular vocative)
guth (dual vocative)
gothu (plural vocative)
guth (accusative singular)
guth (accusative dual)
gothu (accusative plural)
gotho (genitive singular)
gotha (genitive singular)
gotho (dual genitive)
gotha (dual genitive)
gothae (genitive plural)
guth (dative singular)
gothaib (dative dual)
gothaib (dative plural)
guth
nguth

Irish: guth

Manx: goo

Scottish Gaelic: guth

From Proto-Celtic *gutus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰuHtus, from *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”).

Is déniu ad·ciam húa ṡúlib risíu ro·cloammar in fogur húa chluasaib, ut est is toísigiu ad·ciam teilciud in béla resíu ro·cloammar a guth sidi.

We see more quickly with the eyes before we hear the sound with the ears, ut est we see the throwing of the axe sooner before we hear the sound of this.


sorn

head

sorn m (genitive suirn, nominative plural suirn)

suirn (genitive)
suirn (nominative plural)
sorn (nominative singular)
sorn (dual nominative)
suirn (nominative plural)
suirn (singular vocative)
sorn (dual vocative)
surnu (plural vocative)
sorn (accusative singular)
sorn (accusative dual)
surnu (accusative plural)
suirn (genitive singular)
sorn (dual genitive)
sorn (genitive plural)
surn (dative singular)
sornaib (dative dual)
sornaib (dative plural)
sorn
ṡorn

Irish: sorn

Manx: sorn

Scottish Gaelic: sòrn

→ Faroese: sornur

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sonn

From Late Primitive Irish *sworn (around AD 500), from Middle Primitive Irish *swornah (around AD 475), from Early Primitive Irish *swurnus (around AD 450), borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *furn, from Latin furnus. The irregular replacement of Latin f- with Primitive Irish sw- was likely on analogy with Primitive Irish words (such as the ancestor of siur and seir) that regularly alternated between unlenited *sw- (yielding Old Irish s-) and lenited *hw- (yielding Old Irish f-). Confer sroigell from Latin flagellum.


doeth

passive singular preterite deuterotonic of do·tét


coire

coire m (genitive coiri, nominative plural coiri)

coiri (genitive)
coiri (nominative plural)
coire (nominative singular)
coire (dual nominative)
coiri (nominative plural)
coiri (singular vocative)
coire (dual vocative)
coiriu (plural vocative)
coire (accusative singular)
coire (accusative dual)
coiriu (accusative plural)
coiri (genitive singular)
coire (dual genitive)
coire (genitive plural)
coiriu (dative singular)
coirib (dative dual)
coirib (dative plural)
coire
choire
coire

desctree

Middle Irish: coire
Irish: coire
Manx: coirrey
Scottish Gaelic: coire


lour

lour (masculine nominative singular)
lour (feminine nominative singular)
lour (neuter nominative singular)
loïr (masculine singular vocative)
lour (masculine singular vocative)
lour (feminine singular vocative)
lour (neuter singular vocative)
lour (accusative masculine singular)
loïr (accusative feminine singular)
lour (accusative neuter singular)
loïr (genitive masculine singular)
lóire (feminine genitive singular)
loïr (genitive neuter singular)
lour (dative masculine singular)
loïr (dative feminine singular)
lour (dative neuter singular)
loïr (masculine nominative plural)
lóra (feminine neuter nominative plural)
lóru (masculine plural vocative)
lóra (masculine plural vocative)
lóra (feminine neuter plural vocative)
lóru (accusative masculine plural)
lóra (accusative masculine plural)
lóra (accusative feminine neuter plural)
lour (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
lóraib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lour
also llour after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: lór

Irish: leor

Manx: liooar

Scottish Gaelic: leòr

Definitely connected with Welsh llawer (“a lot”). There are two possibilities:
* The usual etymology, from Thurneysen onwards, derives the term from Proto-Celtic *ɸroweros. This may be connected to roär found in law texts. The initial /l/ is assumed to have arisen from dissimilation.
* Matasović instead reconstructs Proto-Celtic *laweros. He further derives this etymon from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- (“benefit, prize”), from which also Ancient Greek λᾱρός (lārós, “tasty”).

der

Is airi ní táet comṡuidigud fri rangabáil, húare as coibnesta do bréthir: ar is lour comṡuidigud fri suidi, air bid comṡuidigud etarscartha comṡuidigud rangabálae.

This is why composition does not occur with a participle, because it is akin to a verb: for composition with the latter is sufficient, for composition of a participle will be separated composition.

Brill Publishers
D. A. Binchy
Osborn Bergin


beir

second-person singular imperative of beirid

third-person singular present conjunct of beirid


borb

borb (masculine nominative singular)
borb (feminine nominative singular)
borb (neuter nominative singular)
buirb (masculine singular vocative)
borb (masculine singular vocative)
borb (feminine singular vocative)
borb (neuter singular vocative)
borb (accusative masculine singular)
buirb (accusative feminine singular)
borb (accusative neuter singular)
buirb (genitive masculine singular)
buirbe (feminine genitive singular)
buirb (genitive neuter singular)
burb (dative masculine singular)
buirb (dative feminine singular)
burb (dative neuter singular)
buirb (masculine nominative plural)
borba (feminine neuter nominative plural)
burbu (masculine plural vocative)
borba (masculine plural vocative)
borba (feminine neuter plural vocative)
burbu (accusative masculine plural)
borba (accusative masculine plural)
borba (accusative feminine neuter plural)
borb (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
borbaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
borb
mborb

Irish: borb

Scottish Gaelic: borb

Manx: barb

foolish, silly, senseless; stupid, ignorant, unlearned; rude, uncouth

fierce, rough, rude, violent, harsh; arrogant


ammus

ammus (nominative singular)
ammus (dual nominative)
aimse (nominative plural)
ammus (singular vocative)
ammus (dual vocative)
amsiu (plural vocative)
ammus (accusative singular)
ammus (accusative dual)
amsiu (accusative plural)
aimseo (genitive singular)
aimsea (genitive singular)
aimseo (dual genitive)
aimsea (dual genitive)
aimse (genitive plural)
ammus (dative singular)
aimsib (dative dual)
aimsib (dative plural)
ammus
n-ammus

Irish: amas

From a byform *admessus, a derivative of Proto-Celtic *messus, the ancestor of mess (“judgement”). Equivalent henceforth to ad- + mess. The syncope of the front vowel in the second syllable triggered the palatalization of the ms cluster in the oblique stems, with u-infection obscuring the original front vowel in the rest of the declension.


ette

head

ette f (genitive ette, nominative plural etti)

ette (genitive)
etti (nominative plural)
ette (nominative singular)
etti (dual nominative)
etti (nominative plural)
ette (singular vocative)
etti (dual vocative)
etti (plural vocative)
etti (accusative singular)
etti (accusative dual)
etti (accusative plural)
ette (genitive singular)
ette (dual genitive)
ette (genitive plural)
etti (dative singular)
ettib (dative dual)
ettib (dative plural)
ette
n-ette

Irish: eite, eiteog

Manx: fedjag

Scottish Gaelic: ite, iteag

From Proto-Celtic *ɸettiyā, from *ɸeteti (“to fly”), from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to fly”).

ettech

winged; having fins; having wing-like appendages; flying, fluttering


fessa

passive plural perfect prototonic of ro·finnadar


tuit

third-person singular present indicative prototonic of do·tuit

second-person singular present imperative of do·tuit


tonn

tonn (nominative singular)
tuinn (dual nominative)
tonna (nominative plural)
tonn (singular vocative)
tuinn (dual vocative)
tonna (plural vocative)
tuinn (accusative singular)
tuinn (accusative dual)
tonna (accusative plural)
tuinne (genitive singular)
tonn (dual genitive)
tonn (genitive plural)
tuinn (dative singular)
tonnaib (dative dual)
tonnaib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: tonn

Irish: tonn

Manx: tonn

Scottish Gaelic: tonn


tonn

tonn (nominative singular)
tonn (singular vocative)
tuinn (accusative singular)
tuinne (genitive singular)
tuinn (dative singular)
tonn
thonn
tonn

From Proto-Celtic *tondā (“surface, skin”).


goirt

Irish: goirt

Manx: gort

Scottish Gaelic: goirt

From Proto-Celtic *gʷereti, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷorti-, a variant of *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”), if the meaning developed from "hot." MacBain prefers a derivation from *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”). Both roots have compared to German garstig (“nasty, rude”).


messe

Irish: mise

Manx: mish

Scottish Gaelic: mise


messe

messe
also mmesse after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


capall

capall m (genitive capaill, nominative plural capaill)

capaill (genitive)
capaill (nominative plural)
capall (nominative singular)
capall (dual nominative)
capaill (nominative plural)
capaill (singular vocative)
capall (dual vocative)
caipliu (plural vocative)
capall (accusative singular)
capall (accusative dual)
caipliu (accusative plural)
capaill (genitive singular)
capall (dual genitive)
capall (genitive plural)
capull (dative singular)
caiplib (dative dual)
caiplib (dative plural)
capall
chapall
capall

Irish: capall

Manx: cabbyl

Scottish Gaelic: capall

→ Old Norse: kapall

Icelandic: kapall

Uncertain. The Old Irish /p/ and the /f/ in Welsh ceffyl suggest an earlier *pp, making it impossible to be directly related to Gaulish Caballo-, which occurs in proper nouns. A common source of the Irish and Welsh words could be a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *cappillus, some kind of contamination of caballus (“horse”) and capellus (“small goat”). Latin caballus is assumed to be a borrowing from Gaulish. This might in turn be a Wanderwort originating in Asia, compare Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “a nag”).


droch

Irish: droch-, droch

Manx: drogh

Scottish Gaelic: droch

From Proto-Celtic *drukos (compare Welsh drwg).

Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n-anduch, air is fechtnach a n-andach mani erthroítar húa Día.

You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil men, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.

Memmbrum naue, droch dub! Ó, ní epur na haill.

New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.


droch

droch (nominative singular)
droch (dual nominative)
droich (nominative plural)
droich (singular vocative)
droch (dual vocative)
drochu (plural vocative)
droch (accusative singular)
droch (accusative dual)
drochu (accusative plural)
droich (genitive singular)
droch (dual genitive)
droch (genitive plural)
droch (dative singular)
drochaib (dative dual)
drochaib (dative plural)
droch
ndroch

From Proto-Celtic *drokos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”), τροχός (trokhós, “wheel, grindstone”), Breton troc'h (“cut”).


lann

head

lann f (genitive lainne, nominative plural lanna)

lainne (genitive)
lanna (nominative plural)
lann (nominative singular)
lainn (dual nominative)
lanna (nominative plural)
lann (singular vocative)
lainn (dual vocative)
lanna (plural vocative)
lainn (accusative singular)
lainn (accusative dual)
lanna (accusative plural)
lainne (genitive singular)
lann (dual genitive)
lann (genitive plural)
lainn (dative singular)
lannaib (dative dual)
lannaib (dative plural)

Irish: lann

Scottish Gaelic: lann

From Proto-Celtic *ɸlaxsnā, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Welsh llafn and with Old Norse flatr (English flat), Latin plānus (“flat”).


lann

lann f or m (genitive lainne or lainn, nominative plural lanna or lainn)

lainne (genitive)
lainn (genitive)
lanna (nominative plural)
lainn (nominative plural)
lann (nominative singular)
lainn (dual nominative)
lanna (nominative plural)
lann (singular vocative)
lainn (dual vocative)
lanna (plural vocative)
lainn (accusative singular)
lainn (accusative dual)
lanna (accusative plural)
lainne (genitive singular)
lann (dual genitive)
lann (genitive plural)
lainn (dative singular)
lannaib (dative dual)
lannaib (dative plural)
lann (nominative singular)
lann (dual nominative)
lainn (nominative plural)
lainn (singular vocative)
lann (dual vocative)
lannu (plural vocative)
lann (accusative singular)
lann (accusative dual)
lannu (accusative plural)
lainn (genitive singular)
lann (dual genitive)
lann (genitive plural)
lann (dative singular)
lannaib (dative dual)
lannaib (dative plural)
lann
also llann after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: lann

Manx: lann

Scottish Gaelic: lann

desctree

⇒ Middle Irish: -lann
Irish: -lann
Manx: -lan
Scottish Gaelic: -lann

From Proto-Celtic *landā, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”). Cognate with Welsh llan; and with Old English land (English land).


mullach

mullach (nominative singular)
mullach (dual nominative)
mullaig (nominative plural)
mullaig (singular vocative)
mullach (dual vocative)
mullachu (plural vocative)
mullach (accusative singular)
mullach (accusative dual)
mullachu (accusative plural)
mullaig (genitive singular)
mullach (dual genitive)
mullach (genitive plural)
mulluch (dative singular)
mullachaib (dative dual)
mullachaib (dative plural)
mullach
also mmullach after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: mullach

Scottish Gaelic: mullach

DIL assumes this to be mul (“lump, heap”) + -ach, but the lack of lenition on the l is unexplainable if this route is taken.

di mulluch int slebe

Iarsin trosc[ud] tanaise ro·tuit in tenid co rro·loisc hé o mulluch co talmin.

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 72, pages 115-179:

After [Máel Ruain's] second fasting, fire came down [on the king] and burnt [the king] from head to toe.


altram

altrama (genitive)
altram (nominative singular)
altram (dual nominative)
altramae (nominative plural)
altram (singular vocative)
altram (dual vocative)
altramu (plural vocative)
altram (accusative singular)
altram (accusative dual)
altramu (accusative plural)
altramo (genitive singular)
altrama (genitive singular)
altramo (dual genitive)
altrama (dual genitive)
altramae (genitive plural)
altram (dative singular)
altramaib (dative dual)
altramaib (dative plural)
altram
n-altram

Irish: altram

Scottish Gaelic: altram

From *altar m (“fosterage”), which occurs in compounds such as míaltar (“bad fosterage”), from Proto-Celtic *altrom.


triath

head

triäth (gender unknown, genitive trethan)

triäth (canonical)
trethan (genitive)
triath (nominative singular)
trethain (dual nominative)
trethain (nominative plural)
triath (singular vocative)
trethain (dual vocative)
trethna (plural vocative)
trethain (accusative singular)
trethain (accusative dual)
trethna (accusative plural)
trethan (genitive singular)
trethan (dual genitive)
trethan (genitive plural)
trethain (dative singular)
triath (dative singular)
trethnaib (dative dual)
trethnaib (dative plural)
triath
thriath
triath

From Proto-Celtic *treyatū, cognate with Welsh *trwyth, attested in Twrch Trwyth, which is a cognate to Torc Triath, both refer to mythological boar. Connected by Pokorny to Ancient Greek Τρίτων (Trítōn, name of a sea god).


allais

genitive singular of allas (“sweat, perspiration”)


slige

slige (genitive)
slige (nominative singular)
sligi (dual nominative)
sligi (nominative plural)
slige (singular vocative)
sligi (dual vocative)
sligi (plural vocative)
sligi (accusative singular)
sligi (accusative dual)
sligi (accusative plural)
slige (genitive singular)
slige (dual genitive)
slige (genitive plural)
sligi (dative singular)
sligib (dative dual)
sligib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: slige

Irish: slí

From Old Irish sligid (“to hit, beat”), a way being a stretch of land where the soil has been beaten down.


slige

Unknown. Perhaps related to adslig (“to tempt, entreat”), not related to slinn (“shingle, flat weapenhead, weaver's reed”).


cochall

head

cochall m (genitive cochaill, nominative plural cochaill)

cochaill (genitive)
cochaill (nominative plural)
cochall (nominative singular)
cochall (dual nominative)
cochaill (nominative plural)
cochaill (singular vocative)
cochall (dual vocative)
cochlu (plural vocative)
cochall (accusative singular)
cochall (accusative dual)
cochlu (accusative plural)
cochaill (genitive singular)
cochall (dual genitive)
cochall (genitive plural)
cochull (dative singular)
cochlaib (dative dual)
cochlaib (dative plural)
cochall
chochall
cochall

Irish: cochall

Manx: coghal

Scottish Gaelic: cochall


bert

bert (nominative singular)
beirt (dual nominative)
berta (nominative plural)
bert (singular vocative)
beirt (dual vocative)
berta (plural vocative)
beirt (accusative singular)
beirt (accusative dual)
berta (accusative plural)
beirte (genitive singular)
bert (dual genitive)
bert (genitive plural)
beirt (dative singular)
bertaib (dative dual)
bertaib (dative plural)
bert (nominative singular)
bert (dual nominative)
bert (nominative plural)
berta (nominative plural)
bert (singular vocative)
bert (dual vocative)
bert (plural vocative)
berta (plural vocative)
bert (accusative singular)
bert (accusative dual)
bert (accusative plural)
berta (accusative plural)
beirt (genitive singular)
bert (dual genitive)
bert (genitive plural)
bert (dative singular)
bertaib (dative dual)
bertaib (dative plural)

Irish: beart

Scottish Gaelic: beart

⇒ Middle Irish: bertach

Irish: beartach

From Proto-Celtic *bertā, derivative of *bereti (“to carry”).
Cognate with the Gaulish source of Vulgar Latin berciolum (“cradle”), which is the source of French berceau and Catalan bressol.

Etar·scarfaider cach mbert corcai chuindfig fri cruithnecht.

He will separate every bundle of tares from wheat.

(figurative) burden, weight (of grief, etc.)

clothing, covering, clothes, attire, apparel; accoutrement

deed, exploit; feat, trick; effort, task; action, behaviour; move, play (in a game), game


bert

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

third-person singular preterite conjunct of beirid


bert

third-person singular preterite relative of beirid


Petur

Petair (genitive)
Petur
Phetur
or unchanged
Petur

Irish: Peadar

Manx: Peddyr

Scottish Gaelic: Peadar

From Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”), related to πέτρα (pétra).

Petur et Iacób et Iohain


Bethel

Beithile (genitive)
Bethil (genitive)
Bethel (nominative singular)
Bethel (singular vocative)
Beithil (accusative singular)
Beithile (genitive singular)
Beithil (dative singular)
Bethel
mBethel

Middle Irish: Bethel

Irish: An Bheithil

(biblical) Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


fonn

fonn (nominative singular)
fonn (dual nominative)
fuinn (nominative plural)
fuinn (singular vocative)
fonn (dual vocative)
fonnu (plural vocative)
fonn (accusative singular)
fonn (accusative dual)
fonnu (accusative plural)
fuinn (genitive singular)
fonn (dual genitive)
fonn (genitive plural)
fonn (dative singular)
fonnaib (dative dual)
fonnaib (dative plural)
fonn (nominative singular)
fonn (dual nominative)
fonn (nominative plural)
fonna (nominative plural)
fonn (singular vocative)
fonn (dual vocative)
fonn (plural vocative)
fonna (plural vocative)
fonn (accusative singular)
fonn (accusative dual)
fonn (accusative plural)
fonna (accusative plural)
fuinn (genitive singular)
fonn (dual genitive)
fonn (genitive plural)
fonn (dative singular)
fonnaib (dative dual)
fonnaib (dative plural)
fonn
ḟonn
fonn

Possibly a late or variant form of bonn (“sole, foot”).

soil, ground, (by extension) piece of land, territory


traite

traite (nominative singular)
traite (singular vocative)
traiti (accusative singular)
traite (genitive singular)
traiti (dative singular)
traite
thraite
traite


mou

moü (canonical)
moü
also mmoü after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Remodelled from the superlative moäm on the analogy with regular adjectives.


lóg

lóge (genitive)
lóg (nominative singular)
lóg (dual nominative)
lóge (nominative plural)
lóg (singular vocative)
lóg (dual vocative)
lóge (plural vocative)
lóg (accusative singular)
lóg (accusative dual)
lóge (accusative plural)
lóge (genitive singular)
lóge (dual genitive)
lóge (genitive plural)
lóig (dative singular)
lógaib (dative dual)
lógaib (dative plural)
lóg
also llóg after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: lúach, lúag

Irish: luach

Scottish Gaelic: luach

From Proto-Celtic *lougos, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- (“benefit, prize”). The nature of the suffix and the ablaut grade of the base are unclear.

Mad ar lóg pridcha-sa, .i. ar m’étiuth et mo thoschith, ním·bia fochricc dar hési mo precepte.

If I preach for pay, that is, for my clothing and my sustenance, I shall not have a reward for my teaching.

massu thol atom·aig dó; manid ar lóg

if it is desire that drives me to it; if it is not for pay

reward, requital, compensation, payment, price


mísa

mísa
also mmísa after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


nerta

third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive conjunct of nertaid


nerta

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of nert


nerta

nerta
also nnerta after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


asse

assu (comparative)
assae (masculine nominative singular)
assae (feminine nominative singular)
assae (neuter nominative singular)
assai (masculine singular vocative)
assae (feminine singular vocative)
assae (neuter singular vocative)
assae (accusative masculine singular)
assai (accusative feminine singular)
assae (accusative neuter singular)
assai (genitive masculine singular)
assae (feminine genitive singular)
assai (genitive neuter singular)
assu (dative masculine singular)
assai (dative feminine singular)
assu (dative neuter singular)
assai (masculine nominative plural)
assai (feminine neuter nominative plural)
assai (masculine plural vocative)
assu (masculine plural vocative)
assai (feminine neuter plural vocative)
assai (accusative masculine plural)
assu (accusative masculine plural)
assai (accusative feminine neuter plural)
assae (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
assaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
asse
n-asse


damán

damán (nominative singular)
damán (dual nominative)
damáin (nominative plural)
damáin (singular vocative)
damán (dual vocative)
damánu (plural vocative)
damán (accusative singular)
damán (accusative dual)
damánu (accusative plural)
damáin (genitive singular)
damán (dual genitive)
damán (genitive plural)
damán (dative singular)
damánaib (dative dual)
damánaib (dative plural)


gile

gile (nominative singular)
gili (dual nominative)
gili (nominative plural)
gile (singular vocative)
gili (dual vocative)
gili (plural vocative)
gili (accusative singular)
gili (accusative dual)
gili (accusative plural)
gile (genitive singular)
gile (dual genitive)
gile (genitive plural)
gili (dative singular)
gilib (dative dual)
gilib (dative plural)


cani

From cía (“although, even if”) + ní (“not”).

Cain ro·noíbad Abracham tri hiris? In tree ǽm didiu fa nacc?

Hasn’t Abraham been sanctified through faith? Through it then indeed or not?

particle introducing a question that expects the answer “yes”


tarb

head

tarb m (genitive tairb, nominative plural tairb)

tairb (genitive)
tairb (nominative plural)
tarb (nominative singular)
tarb (dual nominative)
tairb (nominative plural)
tairb (singular vocative)
tarb (dual vocative)
tarbu (plural vocative)
tarb (accusative singular)
tarb (accusative dual)
tarbu (accusative plural)
tairb (genitive singular)
tarb (dual genitive)
tarb (genitive plural)
tarb (dative singular)
tarbaib (dative dual)
tarbaib (dative plural)
tarb
tharb
tarb

Irish: tarbh

Manx: tarroo

Scottish Gaelic: tarbh

desctree

→ Old Norse: tarfr
Icelandic: tarfur m
Faroese: tarvur m

From Proto-Celtic *tarwos (compare Gaulish taruos), from Proto-Indo-European *táwros (compare Latin taurus).


nau

naue (genitive)
nau (nominative singular)
nau (dual nominative)
noa (nominative plural)
nau (singular vocative)
nau (dual vocative)
noa (plural vocative)
nau (accusative singular)
nau (accusative dual)
noa (accusative plural)
naue (genitive singular)
nau (dual genitive)
nau (genitive plural)
nau (dative singular)
noïb (dative dual)
noïb (dative plural)

Middle Irish: nó, nóe
Irish: nae

From Proto-Celtic *nāwā, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us. Cognate with Latin navis and Ancient Greek ναῦς (naûs)


dorata

do·rata (canonical)
do·rata
also do·rrata

inflection of do·beir:
passive plural perfect deuterotonic

third-person singular present subjunctive perfective deuterotonic


anís

Irish: aníos

Manx: neese

Scottish Gaelic: a-nis

From an- (“from”) + ís (“below, under”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸīssu, from Proto-Indo-European *pedsú, locative plural of *pṓds (“foot”).

Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aīs sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.

They eat it from above and he roots it up from below; for it does not exterminate the vine to eat of anything of it from above, as do the passers-by whom he speaks of, i.e. for it is only a passing visit that they make [lit: ‘that they visit’] to the vine to take something for themselves of its fruit.


guidi

inflection of guide:
accusative/dative singular


indi

third-person singular feminine dative of hi: in her, in it f


berte

third-person plural present indicative/subjunctive relative of beirid


morbi

morbi
also mmorbi after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of moirb


gela

inflection of gel:
nominative plural feminine/neuter

inflection of gel:
vocative/accusative all genders


conici

second-person singular present indicative deuterotonic of con·icc


connessa

head

con·nessa (prototonic ·comainsea, verbal noun comainsem)

con·nessa (canonical)
·comainsea (prototonic)
comainsem (noun-from-verb)
con·nessat (deuterotonic indicative plural present third-person)
·comainsea (indicative present prototonic singular third-person)
con·runes (deuterotonic perfect preterite singular third-person)
con·nessiub (deuterotonic first-person future preterite singular)
con·nesfea (deuterotonic future preterite singular third-person)
comainsem (first-person imperative noun-from-verb singular)
con·nessa
also con·nnessa

Con·nessat immurgu in gníim n-olcc et ara·ngairet.

They contemn, however, the evil deed and forbid it.


diafana

Borrowed from Medieval Latin diaphanus, from Ancient Greek διαφανής (diaphanḗs).


tuile

tuile (nominative singular)
tuile (dual nominative)
tuile (nominative plural)
tuile (singular vocative)
tuile (dual vocative)
tuile (plural vocative)
tuile (accusative singular)
tuile (accusative dual)
tuile (accusative plural)
tuili (genitive singular)
tuile (dual genitive)
tuile (genitive plural)
tuiliu (dative singular)
tuilib (dative dual)
tuilib (dative plural)
tuile
thuile
tuile

Middle Irish: tuile

Irish: tuile

Scottish Gaelic: tuil

Manx: thooilley

.i. on tuiliu

from the flood (glossing Latin enundatione)

.i. teora cethramdin huare aequinocht indid mailliu a tuile ar cach óen-laithiu

i.e. three-quarters of an equinoctial hour by which the flood is slower day by day.

verbal noun of do·lin: flowing, flooding, inundation


imbed

imbid (genitive)
imbed (nominative singular)
imbed (dual nominative)
imbed (nominative plural)
imbeda (nominative plural)
imbed (singular vocative)
imbed (dual vocative)
imbed (plural vocative)
imbeda (plural vocative)
imbed (accusative singular)
imbed (accusative dual)
imbed (accusative plural)
imbeda (accusative plural)
imbid (genitive singular)
imbed (dual genitive)
imbed (genitive plural)
imbiud (dative singular)
imbud (dative singular)
imbedaib (dative dual)
imbedaib (dative plural)
imbed
n-imbed

Irish: iomad

Scottish Gaelic: iomadh

Manx: ymmod

Uncertain. May be cognate with Old Welsh immet, but both the reading and the meaning of that term are uncertain. If the Proto-Celtic term was *ɸembetom, then it might be cognate with Latin pinguis (“fat”) and/or Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑 (pa-an-ku-uš /pankuš/, “all, entire”).

cog

a n-imbed són ind slóig do·lega na ní téte, fo chosmailius dílenn

the abundance of the army which destroys whatever it comes to, like a deluge

a large quantity, a large number, abundance, excess; especially an abundance of wealth, riches, food

(law, in the dual number) the two parties to a suit, contract, etc.


no-

From Proto-Indo-European *nū, cognate with Sanskrit नु (nu, “now”) and Hittite 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”).

Má nudub·feil i n‑ellug coirp Críst, adib cland Abrache amal ṡodin, et it sib ata chomarpi Abracham.

If you pl are in the union of the body of Christ, you are Abraham’s children in that case, and it is you who are Abraham’s heirs.

Is hed inso no·guidimm.

Is airi am cimbid-se hóre no·pridchim in rúin sin.

It is for that reason that I am a captive, because I preach that mystery.

Used to support prototonic verb forms where no deuterotonic forms exist (imperfect, past subjunctive, conditional) and to support infixed object pronouns, including the relative pronoun that has no form except for a mutation on the following consonant


isin

Univerbation of hi (“in”) + in (“the”, accusative masculine/feminine singular)

univ

in the (accusative masculine/feminine singular)

Is dúnn imchumurc fil isin chanóin fris·gair lessóm a n‑imchomarc n-ísiu .i. ne occideris .i. in ⸉n‑í⸊írr-siu .i. non. .i. nís·n‑ulemairbfe ci asid·roilliset.

It is to the interrogation that is in the canon that this interrogation answers with him, i.e. ne occideris i.e. will you sg slay i.e. non i.e. you will not slay them all although they have deserved it.

Alternative form of isind (“in the (dative singular)”)


reet

reet glosses Latin inpitiginem

9th or 10th century, Glosses on Canons in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, Parker 279, p. 134. Published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, vol. II, p. 38, line 17


loman

lomna (nominative plural)
loman (nominative singular)
lomain (dual nominative)
lomna (nominative plural)
loman (singular vocative)
lomain (dual vocative)
lomna (plural vocative)
lomain (accusative singular)
lomain (accusative dual)
lomna (accusative plural)
lomnae (genitive singular)
loman (dual genitive)
loman (genitive plural)
lomain (dative singular)
lomnaib (dative dual)
lomnaib (dative plural)
loman
also lloman after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: loman

Irish: lomhain

Scottish Gaelic: lomhainn

From Proto-Celtic *lomanā. Cognate with archaic Welsh llyfan, Breton louan (“belt, strap”), and Cornish lovan (“rope”).

sainchenelæ srogill imbí .xl. loman

a special type of whip wherein are 40 strips of leather


maissi

maissi
also mmaissi after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


nó

ꝉ (abbreviation)
nó
also nnó after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: nó

Manx: ny

Scottish Gaelic: no, neo

From Proto-Celtic *nowe (compare Welsh neu and Old Breton nou); nowadays derived from Proto-Indo-European *ne-we, from *ne (“not”) + *-wē (“or”), literally “or not”. Compare Latin nēve, which was formed identically.
Stokes derives it from Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to nod”), but in a later publication, prefers *nu (“and, now”).


díl

díl (nominative singular)
díl (dual nominative)
díl (nominative plural)
díla (nominative plural)
díl (singular vocative)
díl (dual vocative)
díl (plural vocative)
díla (plural vocative)
díl (accusative singular)
díl (accusative dual)
díl (accusative plural)
díla (accusative plural)
díl (genitive singular)
díl (dual genitive)
díl (genitive plural)
díl (dative singular)
dílaib (dative dual)
dílaib (dative plural)
díl
ndíl

desc

Middle Irish: díl (converted into a u-stem)


ón

Univerbation of úa (“from/of/by”) + in (“the”, dative singular)


ón

ónae (genitive)
ón (nominative singular)
ón (singular vocative)
óin (accusative singular)
ónae (genitive singular)
óin (dative singular)
ón
n-ón


maith

head

maith (comparative ferr, superlative dech)

ferr (comparative)
dech (superlative)
maith (masculine nominative singular)
maith (feminine nominative singular)
maith (neuter nominative singular)
maith (masculine singular vocative)
maith (feminine singular vocative)
maith (neuter singular vocative)
maith (accusative masculine singular)
maith (accusative feminine singular)
maith (accusative neuter singular)
maith (genitive masculine singular)
maithe (feminine genitive singular)
maith (genitive neuter singular)
maith (dative masculine singular)
maith (dative feminine singular)
maith (dative neuter singular)
maithi (masculine nominative plural)
maithi (feminine neuter nominative plural)
maithi (masculine plural vocative)
maithi (feminine neuter plural vocative)
maithi (accusative masculine plural)
maithi (accusative feminine neuter plural)
maith (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
maithib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Irish: maith

Manx: mie

Scottish Gaelic: math

From Proto-Celtic *matis, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂tis (“ripe, good”), from *meh₂- (“to ripen, to mature”). Cognate with Welsh mad and Gaulish mat.

inh

Hóre is cuci rigmi, is ferr dún placere illi.

Since it is to him we will go, it is better for us to please him.

Ní indráigne dúib cinin·fil lib, ar idib maithi cene.

It is no detriment to you pl, though we are not with you, for you are good already.

Fomnid-si, a phopul núíednissi, ar ce dud·rónath ní di maith fri maccu Israhél…

Take heed, O people of the New Testament, for although some good has been done to the children of Israel…

In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.

When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.


maith

·maith (canonical)
maith
also mmaith after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

third-person singular present indicative conjunct of maidid


terga

·terga (canonical)
·terga
·therga
·terga

third-person singular future prototonic of do·tét


múr

head

múr m (genitive múir, nominative plural múir)

múir (genitive)
múir (nominative plural)
múr (nominative singular)
múr (dual nominative)
múir (nominative plural)
múir (singular vocative)
múr (dual vocative)
múru (plural vocative)
múr (accusative singular)
múr (accusative dual)
múru (accusative plural)
múir (genitive singular)
múr (dual genitive)
múr (genitive plural)
múr (dative singular)
múraib (dative dual)
múraib (dative plural)
múr
also mmúr after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: múr

Scottish Gaelic: mùr


arna

Univerbation of ara (“so that”) + ná (“not”)

univerbation

arna dich cách assa dligud i n-adaltras tri láthar demuin et tri bar nebcongabthetit-si

lest everyone go out of his duty into adultery through the Devil's machination and through your incontinence

arna té .i. féith forsna muire

so that it may not go, i.e. a calm over the seas

arna derṅmis cum nobis; air dïa ndénmis cum me, do·génmis dano cum nobis

that we might not make cum nobis; for if we made cum me, then we should make cum nobis


arna

Univerbation of ar (“for (the sake of), because of”) + inna (“the”, accusative plural)

for (the sake of) the (accusative plural), because of the (accusative plural)


da-

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


tair

second-person singular imperative of do·airicc, do·icc, and do·tét


trá

Irish: trá

Unknown. Maybe related to tar (“across”).

now, therefore, then (in conclusion to what comes before)


dó

third-person singular masculine/neuter of do (“to, for”)


cain

Hasn’t Abraham been sanctified through faith? Through it then indeed or not?

Alternative form of cani used before the preverb ro-


cosse

Univerbation of co (“up to, until”) + se (“this”)


fording

for·ding (canonical)
for·dengat (deuterotonic indicative plural present third-person)
for·dengar (deuterotonic indicative passive present singular)
for·ndinginn (deuterotonic first-person imperfect indicative singular)
for·rudedach (deuterotonic perfect preterite second-person singular)
for·rudedgatar (deuterotonic perfect plural preterite third-person)
for·ndiassatar (deuterotonic passive plural present subjunctive)
fortige (first-person imperative noun-from-verb singular)


fecht

fechtae (genitive)
fecht (nominative singular)
fecht (dual nominative)
fechta (nominative plural)
fecht (singular vocative)
fecht (dual vocative)
fechta (plural vocative)
fecht (accusative singular)
fecht (accusative dual)
fechta (accusative plural)
fechtae (genitive singular)
fecht (dual genitive)
fecht (genitive plural)
fecht (dative singular)
fechtaib (dative dual)
fechtaib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *wixtā (compare Welsh gwaith), from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to overcome”).


fecht

fecht (nominative singular)
fecht (dual nominative)
fecht (nominative plural)
fechta (nominative plural)
fecht (singular vocative)
fecht (dual vocative)
fecht (plural vocative)
fechta (plural vocative)
fecht (accusative singular)
fecht (accusative dual)
fecht (accusative plural)
fechta (accusative plural)
fecht (genitive singular)
fecht (dual genitive)
fecht (genitive plural)
fecht (dative singular)
fechtaib (dative dual)
fechtaib (dative plural)
fecht (nominative singular)
fecht (dual nominative)
fecht (nominative plural)
fecht (singular vocative)
fecht (dual vocative)
fechtu (plural vocative)
fecht (accusative singular)
fecht (accusative dual)
fechtu (accusative plural)
fecht (genitive singular)
fecht (dual genitive)
fecht (genitive plural)
fecht (dative singular)
fechtaib (dative dual)
fechtaib (dative plural)
fecht
ḟecht
fecht

Irish: feacht

Scottish Gaelic: feachd

From Proto-Celtic *wextom, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to carry”).


balba

inflection of balb:
nominative plural feminine/neuter

inflection of balb:
vocative/accusative plural all genders


Cormac

Cormac (nominative singular)
Cormaic (singular vocative)
Cormac (accusative singular)
Cormaic (genitive singular)
Cormac (dative singular)
Cormac
Chormac
Cormac

→ Old Norse: Kormákr

From older Corbmac, from corb (possibly meaning “raven” or “wheel” or “chariot”) + macc (“son”). For the first element see carbad.


indossa

Irish: anois

Manx: nish

Scottish Gaelic: a-nis


abla

inflection of aball:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


són

Conda·rías .i. noch is nonda·ges ón, co nderlaig⟨e⟩ dam són innahí no·guidim daitsiu.

that I may bind them, i.e. that I pray that for them thus, that is to say, that you pl forgive me (for) the things that I pray for to you

In tan imme·romastar són nach noíb, ara cuintea dílgud Dé isind aimsir sin.

That is to say, when any saint sins, that he may seek the forgiveness of God at that time.

Ad·n‑amraigther .i. no·n‑étaigther .i. ad·cosnae són nó no·carae

that you sg may admire, i.e. that you may emulate i.e. that is to say that you may strive after or love


init

inite (genitive)
init (nominative singular)
init (singular vocative)
init (accusative singular)
inite (genitive singular)
init (dative singular)
init
n-init

Middle Irish: init

Irish: Inid

Manx: Ynnyd

Scottish Gaelic: Inid

From Latin initium (“beginning”), as it refers to the beginning of Lent.


-aire

Irish: -aire

Scottish Gaelic: -air

Agentive affix, similar to English -er, -or


cech

head

cech (usual form in the Milan glosses, also common in the Würzburg glosses)

the Würzburg glosses (also regional)
cech
chech
cech

Alternative form of cach (“each, every”)


ap

apad (genitive)
ap (nominative singular)
apid (dual nominative)
ap (dual nominative)
apid (nominative plural)
ap (singular vocative)
apid (dual vocative)
ap (dual vocative)
aptha (plural vocative)
apid (accusative singular)
apid (accusative dual)
ap (accusative dual)
aptha (accusative plural)
apad (genitive singular)
apad (dual genitive)
apad (genitive plural)
apid (dative singular)
ap (dative singular)
apthaib (dative dual)
apthaib (dative plural)
ap
n-ap

Irish: ab

Manx: abb

Scottish Gaelic: aba

Borrowed from Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).

Seiss i tempul amal do·n-essid Críst; ꝉ do·géntar aidchumtach tempuil less, et pridchibid smactu rechto fetarlicce, et gébtit Iudei i n-apid, et ɔ·scéra rect núíadnissi.

He will sit in the temple as Christ sat; or rebuilding of the temple will be done by him, and he will preach the institutes of the law of the Old Testament, and the Jews will accept him as lord, and he will destroy the law of the New Testament.


beca

inflection of bec:
nominative plural feminine/neuter

inflection of bec:
vocative/accusative plural all genders


nini

From Proto-Celtic *snisni (compare Welsh nini).

Is nini fo·rálaig.


sín

sín f (genitive síne, nominative plural sína)

síne (genitive)
sína (nominative plural)
sín (nominative singular)
sín (dual nominative)
sína (nominative plural)
sín (singular vocative)
sín (dual vocative)
sína (plural vocative)
sín (accusative singular)
sín (accusative dual)
sína (accusative plural)
síne (genitive singular)
sín (dual genitive)
sín (genitive plural)
sín (dative singular)
sínaib (dative dual)
sínaib (dative plural)
sín
ṡín

Middle Irish: sín

Irish: síon

Scottish Gaelic: sian

From Proto-Celtic *sīnā (“weather”). Cognate with Welsh hin and Breton hinon (“good weather”).

.i. conscuchud suas ar ómun inna sín.

i.e. moving upwards for fear of the storms.

Dech do sínaib céo[…]


bláthach

bláthach (nominative singular)
bláthaig (dual nominative)
bláthcha (nominative plural)
bláthach (singular vocative)
bláthaig (dual vocative)
bláthcha (plural vocative)
bláthaig (accusative singular)
bláthaig (accusative dual)
bláthcha (accusative plural)
bláthchae (genitive singular)
bláthach (dual genitive)
bláthach (genitive plural)
bláthaig (dative singular)
bláthchaib (dative dual)
bláthchaib (dative plural)
bláthach
mbláthach

Middle Irish: bláthach

Irish: bláthach

Scottish Gaelic: blàthach

→ Faroese: blak

→ Norn: blatho


-ne

From Proto-Celtic *-inyos. Cognate with Proto-Brythonic *-ɨnn, *-enn.

grán (“grain”) + -ne → gráinne (“a grain”)

folt (“hair”) + -ne → foiltne (“a hair”)

froích (“heather”) + -ne → froíchne (“a sprig of heather”)

Forms singulatives of certain plural nouns.

sreng (“string, cord”) + -ne → sringne (“umbilical cord”)

Forms abstract derivatives of certain nouns.


legar

legar
also llegar after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


aí

his, hers, theirs (optionally governed by the definite article)

Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑aí fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.

It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.

(partitive genitive) of him, of her, of them


borba

inflection of borb:
nominative plural feminine/neuter

inflection of borb:
vocative/accusative plural all genders


benar

third-person singular present indicative passive relative

third-person singular imperative passive


tracht

trachta (genitive)
tracht (nominative singular)
tracht (dual nominative)
trachtae (nominative plural)
tracht (singular vocative)
tracht (dual vocative)
trachtu (plural vocative)
tracht (accusative singular)
tracht (accusative dual)
trachtu (accusative plural)
trachto (genitive singular)
trachta (genitive singular)
trachto (dual genitive)
trachta (dual genitive)
trachtae (genitive plural)
tracht (dative singular)
trachtaib (dative dual)
trachtaib (dative plural)
tracht
thracht
tracht

Middle Irish: tracht

Irish: trácht

From Proto-Celtic *traxtus, and either borrowed from Latin tractus or otherwise a cognate of it. Cognate with Welsh traeth.


cit

Univerbation of cía (“though”) + bat (“be”, 3rd person plural present subjunctive)

univerbation

Cit comṡuidigthi la Grécu ní écen dúnni beta comṡuidigthi linn.

Although they are compounds in Greek (lit. “with the Greeks”), it is not necessary for us that they be compounds in our language (lit. “with us”).


tarta

nonlemma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


tarta

·tarta (canonical)
·tarta
·tharta
·tarta

inflection of do·beir (“bring; give; place, put”):

third-person singular present subjunctive perfective prototonic


días

días (nominative singular)
déis (dual nominative)
díasa (nominative plural)
días (singular vocative)
déis (dual vocative)
díasa (plural vocative)
déis (accusative singular)
déis (accusative dual)
díasa (accusative plural)
déise (genitive singular)
días (dual genitive)
días (genitive plural)
déis (dative singular)
díasaib (dative dual)
díasaib (dative plural)
días
ndías

Middle Irish: días

Irish: dias

Scottish Gaelic: dias

Manx: jeeas


daire

daire (nominative singular)
daire (dual nominative)
daire (nominative plural)
daire (singular vocative)
daire (dual vocative)
daire (plural vocative)
daire (accusative singular)
daire (accusative dual)
daire (accusative plural)
dairi (genitive singular)
daire (dual genitive)
daire (genitive plural)
dairiu (dative singular)
dairib (dative dual)
dairib (dative plural)
daire
ndaire

Irish: doire


biru

first-person singular present indicative absolute of beirid


cér

first-person singular preterite conjunct of crenaid


Róm

Rómae (genitive)
Róm (nominative singular)
Róm (singular vocative)
Róim (accusative singular)
Rómae (genitive singular)
Róim (dative singular)

Middle Irish: Róim

Irish: An Róimh

Manx: Yn Raue

Scottish Gaelic: An Ròimh

For·comnacair buith a maicc-som hí Róim.

.i. ind Róm fil hí Constantinopoil. Ar ro·hucad airechas inna Rómae co Constantinopoil, rucad dano aainmm.

i.e. the Rome that is in Constantinople. Because the Roman Empire was brought to Constantinople, its name was thus brought with it.

"Ní maith a ndu·gní," ol Pátraic. "Día léicthe dam-sa congbáil súnd, roba[d] tánaise Romae Letha cona Tibir tréthi, mo chathir-se cona Ess Rúaid trea, ⁊ robad do chland-su betis comarpai indi.

"What you're doing isn't good." said Patrick. "If you let me have a settlement here, my city, with its Ess Rúaid [flowing] through it, could have been a second Rome in Latium with its Tiber [flowing] through it, and it would be your children who would be my successors therein."

Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of the Papal States)


míle

Middle Irish: míle

Irish: míle

Manx: milley

Scottish Gaelic: mìle


selg

selg (nominative singular)
seilg (dual nominative)
selga (nominative plural)
selg (singular vocative)
seilg (dual vocative)
selga (plural vocative)
seilg (accusative singular)
seilg (accusative dual)
selga (accusative plural)
seilge (genitive singular)
selg (dual genitive)
selg (genitive plural)
seilg (dative singular)
selgaib (dative dual)
selgaib (dative plural)
selg
ṡelg

Irish: seilg

Scottish Gaelic: sealg

Manx: shelg

From Proto-Celtic *selgā, from Proto-Indo-European *selǵ- (“let loose, send”).


cloch

cloch (nominative singular)
cloich (dual nominative)
clocha (nominative plural)
cloch (singular vocative)
cloich (dual vocative)
clocha (plural vocative)
cloich (accusative singular)
cloich (accusative dual)
clocha (accusative plural)
cloiche (genitive singular)
cloch (dual genitive)
cloch (genitive plural)
cloich (dative singular)
clochaib (dative dual)
clochaib (dative plural)
cloch
chloch
cloch

Irish: cloch

Manx: clagh

Scottish Gaelic: clach

something built of stone, castle, fortress, stronghold


llac

Alternative spelling of lac (when unlenited)


máthir

head

máthir f (genitive máthar, nominative plural máithir)

máthar (genitive)
máithir (nominative plural)
máthir (nominative singular)
máthair (nominative singular)
máthir (dual nominative)
máthair (dual nominative)
máithir (nominative plural)
máthir (singular vocative)
máthair (singular vocative)
máthir (dual vocative)
máthair (dual vocative)
máithrea (plural vocative)
máthir (accusative singular)
máthair (accusative singular)
máthir (accusative dual)
máthair (accusative dual)
máithrea (accusative plural)
máthar (genitive singular)
máthar (dual genitive)
máithre (genitive plural)
máthir (dative singular)
máthair (dative singular)
máithrib (dative dual)
máithrib (dative plural)
máthir
also mmáthir after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: máthair

Manx: moir

Scottish Gaelic: màthair

From Proto-Celtic *mātīr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.


deich

Irish: deich

Manx: jeih

Scottish Gaelic: deich

From Proto-Celtic *dekam, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.


deich

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

second-person singular imperative of do·fich


raba

first-person singular perfect prototonic of at·tá


trí

teoir (feminine)
trí (masculine nominative plural)
teoir (feminine nominative plural)
téora (feminine nominative plural)
trí (neuter nominative plural)
trí (masculine plural vocative)
teoir (feminine plural vocative)
téora (feminine plural vocative)
trí (neuter plural vocative)
trí (accusative masculine plural)
téora (accusative feminine plural)
trí (accusative neuter plural)
trí (genitive masculine plural)
téora (feminine genitive plural)
trí (genitive neuter plural)
trib (dative masculine plural)
téoraib (dative feminine plural)
trib (dative neuter plural)

Middle Irish: trí

Irish: trí

Manx: tree

Scottish Gaelic: trì

From Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


ibar

ibar m (genitive ibair, nominative plural ibair)

ibair (genitive)
ibair (nominative plural)
ibar (nominative singular)
ibar (dual nominative)
ibair (nominative plural)
ibair (singular vocative)
ibar (dual vocative)
ibru (plural vocative)
ibar (accusative singular)
ibar (accusative dual)
ibru (accusative plural)
ibair (genitive singular)
ibar (dual genitive)
ibar (genitive plural)
ibur (dative singular)
ibraib (dative dual)
ibraib (dative plural)
ibar
n-ibar

Irish: iúr, iobhar (obsolete), úr

Manx: euar

Scottish Gaelic: iubhar

From Proto-Celtic *eburos. Cognate with Middle Welsh efwr (“hogweed”).


gus

gossa (genitive)
gus (nominative singular)
gus (dual nominative)
gossae (nominative plural)
gus (singular vocative)
gus (dual vocative)
gussu (plural vocative)
gus (accusative singular)
gus (accusative dual)
gussu (accusative plural)
gosso (genitive singular)
gossa (genitive singular)
gosso (dual genitive)
gossa (dual genitive)
gossae (genitive plural)
gus (dative singular)
gossaib (dative dual)
gossaib (dative plural)
gus
ngus

Middle Irish: gus

Irish: gus

From Proto-Celtic *gustus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus (“choice, taste”).


cruim

cruim (nominative singular)
cruim (dual nominative)
crumai (nominative plural)
cruim (singular vocative)
cruim (dual vocative)
crumai (plural vocative)
cruim (accusative singular)
cruim (accusative dual)
crumai (accusative plural)
crumo (genitive singular)
cruma (genitive singular)
crumo (dual genitive)
cruma (dual genitive)
crumae (genitive plural)
cruim (dative singular)
crumaib (dative dual)
crumaib (dative plural)
cruim
chruim
cruim

Irish: cruimh

Scottish Gaelic: cnuimh

q

compare Irish <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">crumhóg</i> (“maggot”)

⇒ Manx: crooag (compare Irish crumhóg (“maggot”))

From Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis (“worm”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic чрьвь (črĭvĭ), Sanskrit कृमि (kṛ́mi, “worm”).


rím

rím (nominative singular)
rím (singular vocative)
rím (accusative singular)
rímae (genitive singular)
rím (dative singular)

Irish: ríomh

From Proto-Celtic *rīmā (“number”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (“to count”).


llega

Alternative spelling of ·lega when unlenited


fodera

Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns#English

third-person singular present indicative of fo·fera with infixed pronoun d- (“it”)


cride

head

cride n (genitive cridi, nominative plural cride)

cridi (genitive)
cride (nominative plural)
cride (nominative singular)
cride (dual nominative)
cride (nominative plural)
cride (singular vocative)
cride (dual vocative)
cride (plural vocative)
cride (accusative singular)
cride (accusative dual)
cride (accusative plural)
cridi (genitive singular)
cride (dual genitive)
cride (genitive plural)
cridiu (dative singular)
cridib (dative dual)
cridib (dative plural)
cride
chride
cride

Irish: croí

Manx: cree

Scottish Gaelic: cridhe

From Proto-Celtic *kridyom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

ɔrop inonn cretem bes hi far cridiu et a n-as·beraid hó bélib

so that the belief which is in your pl heart and what you utter with [your] lips may be the same

co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] mouth and what I might think with [my] heart might be different


mám

máma (genitive)
mám (nominative singular)
mám (dual nominative)
mámae (nominative plural)
mám (singular vocative)
mám (dual vocative)
mámu (plural vocative)
mám (accusative singular)
mám (accusative dual)
mámu (accusative plural)
mámo (genitive singular)
máma (genitive singular)
mámo (dual genitive)
máma (dual genitive)
mámae (genitive plural)
mám (dative singular)
mámaib (dative dual)
mámaib (dative plural)
mám
also mmám after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: mám

Irish: mám

Uncertain. Has been connected to Proto-Germanic *makaz (“fit, suitable”), though this is dubious.


garait

garait (masculine nominative singular)
garait (feminine nominative singular)
garait (neuter nominative singular)
garait (masculine singular vocative)
garait (feminine singular vocative)
garait (neuter singular vocative)
garait (accusative masculine singular)
garait (accusative feminine singular)
garait (accusative neuter singular)
garait (genitive masculine singular)
gairte (feminine genitive singular)
garait (genitive neuter singular)
garait (dative masculine singular)
garait (dative feminine singular)
garait (dative neuter singular)
gairti (masculine nominative plural)
gairti (feminine neuter nominative plural)
gairti (masculine plural vocative)
gairti (feminine neuter plural vocative)
gairti (accusative masculine plural)
gairti (accusative feminine neuter plural)
garait (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
gairtib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
garait
ngarait

Middle Irish: gairit

Irish: gairid

Scottish Gaelic: goirid

From Proto-Celtic *gari- (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“short”). Related to Middle Irish gerr (“short”).

.i. is garait ar saigul.


classa

·classa (canonical)
·classa
·chlassa
·classa

plural passive preterite conjunct of claidid


genti

genti (nominative plural)
genti (plural vocative)
genti (accusative plural)
gente (genitive plural)
gentib (dative plural)
genti
ngenti

Irish: ginte

[ˈɡʲen͈ʲtʲi]

ɔ·ríctar huili genti ꝉ drécht caich ceníuil

till all the Gentiles are saved, or a portion of every nation

is díimsa tairrchet ad·cichitis genti per mé

Of me it has been prophesied that the Gentiles will see by means of me.


éc

éca (genitive)
éc (nominative singular)
éc (dual nominative)
écae (nominative plural)
éc (singular vocative)
éc (dual vocative)
écu (plural vocative)
éc (accusative singular)
éc (accusative dual)
écu (accusative plural)
éco (genitive singular)
éca (genitive singular)
éco (dual genitive)
éca (dual genitive)
écae (genitive plural)
éc (dative singular)
écaib (dative dual)
écaib (dative plural)

Irish: éag

Scottish Gaelic: eug

From Proto-Celtic *ankus, from Proto-Indo-European *néḱus.


caí

caí (nominative singular)
caí (dual nominative)
caí (nominative plural)
caí (singular vocative)
caí (dual vocative)
caí (plural vocative)
caí (accusative singular)
caí (accusative dual)
caí (accusative plural)
caí (genitive singular)
caí (dual genitive)
caí (genitive plural)
caí (dative singular)
caí (dative dual)
caí (dative plural)
caí
chaí
caí

Scottish Gaelic: caoidh

Manx: coe


dará

Alternative spelling of dara (“over/across his/her/its/their”)


téta

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of tét


ailes

third-person singular present indicative relative of ailid


cubus

cubus (nominative singular)
cubus (dual nominative)
cuibse (nominative plural)
cuibsea (nominative plural)
cubus (singular vocative)
cubus (dual vocative)
cubus (plural vocative)
cubus (accusative singular)
cubus (accusative dual)
cubus (accusative plural)
cuibseo (genitive singular)
cuibsea (genitive singular)
cuibseo (dual genitive)
cuibsea (dual genitive)
cuibse (genitive plural)
cubus (dative singular)
cuibsib (dative dual)
cuibsib (dative plural)
cubus
chubus
cubus

Irish: cúis (“conscience”)

com- (“mutual, equal”) + fius (“knowledge”). Calque of Latin conscientia.


arán

arán (nominative singular)
arán (dual nominative)
aráin (nominative plural)
aráin (singular vocative)
arán (dual vocative)
aránu (plural vocative)
arán (accusative singular)
arán (accusative dual)
aránu (accusative plural)
aráin (genitive singular)
arán (dual genitive)
arán (genitive plural)
arán (dative singular)
aránaib (dative dual)
aránaib (dative plural)
arán
n-arán

Middle Irish: arán

Irish: arán

Manx: arran

Scottish Gaelic: aran

Derived by Eric Hamp from Proto-Celtic *aragnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) + *ǵenh₁- (“born”), literally “born of the plough”.


taat

third-person plural progressive present indicative prototonic of at·tá


dam-

head

dam- (class B & C infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)


-m

-m (nominative singular)
-m (dual nominative)
-mae (nominative plural)
-m (singular vocative)
-m (dual vocative)
-mu (plural vocative)
-m (accusative singular)
-m (accusative dual)
-mu (accusative plural)
-mo (genitive singular)
-ma (genitive singular)
-mo (dual genitive)
-ma (dual genitive)
-mae (genitive plural)
-m (dative singular)
-maib (dative dual)
-maib (dative plural)

Forms verbal nouns of A III (hiatus) verbs


chama

Alternative spelling of chamma: Lenited form of cama.


cois

inflection of cos:
accusative/dative singular

inflection of cos:
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


innocht

Irish: anocht

Manx: noght

Scottish Gaelic: a-nochd

From in (“the”, definite article) followed by some oblique case-form of Proto-Celtic *noxs.


rop

third-person singular present subjunctive ro-form of is


ocht

Irish: ocht

Manx: hoght

Scottish Gaelic: ochd

From Proto-Celtic *oxtū, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.


ithim

first-person singular present indicative absolute of ithid


féin

féin
fadéin
céin
cadéin
fesin
fessin
feisin
feissin
fadesin
fadessin
fadeisin
fadeissin
fadéne
cesin
cessin
ceisin
ceissin
cadesin
cadessin
cadeisin
cadeissin
fissin
fesine
fessine
feisine
feisne
feissne
fadisin
fadesne
fadeissne
fanisin
fanissin
canisin
fedesin
fadesine
fadessine
fadeisine
fadeisne
ceisne
cadesine
cadessine
cadeisine
cadesne
féin
ḟéin
féin

From Proto-Celtic *swesin (from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”)) + *sin (anaphoric pronoun).

Non·samlafammar frinn fesine.


dúnn

Irish: dúinn

Manx: dooin

Scottish Gaelic: dhuinn

first-person plural of do: to us, for us


dúnn

Is dúnn imchumurc fil isin chanóin fris·gair lessóm a n‑imchomarc n-ísiu .i. ne occideris .i. in ⸉n‑í⸊írr-siu .i. non. .i. nís·n‑ulemairbfe ci asid·roilliset.

It is to the interrogation that is in the canon that this interrogation answers with him, i.e. ne occideris i.e. will you sg slay i.e. non i.e. you will not slay them all although they have deserved it.

Alternative form of don (“to/for the sg”)


frisa

Univerbation of fri (“toward, against, with”) + a (“the”, neuter accusative singular)


frisa

Univerbation of fri (“toward, against, with”) + a (“whom, which”)

A·tá tairmthechtas persan híc .i. is sain indí asid·rubart ⁊ indí frisa n-érbrath.

There is a transition of persons here, i.e. the one who has said it and the one to whom it has been said are different.


brón

bróin (genitive)
brón (nominative singular)
brón (dual nominative)
bróin (nominative plural)
bróin (singular vocative)
brón (dual vocative)
brónu (plural vocative)
brón (accusative singular)
brón (accusative dual)
brónu (accusative plural)
bróin (genitive singular)
brón (dual genitive)
brón (genitive plural)
brón (dative singular)
brónaib (dative dual)
brónaib (dative plural)
brón
mbrón

Irish: brón

Scottish Gaelic: bròn

From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”) (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.

"brón caích bad brón dúibsi" glosses flete cum flentibus

"ni far mbrón si ..." glosses contristati

"in brón" glosses mestitudinem

sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden


dál

dál (nominative singular)
dál (dual nominative)
dál (nominative plural)
dála (nominative plural)
dál (singular vocative)
dál (dual vocative)
dál (plural vocative)
dála (plural vocative)
dál (accusative singular)
dál (accusative dual)
dál (accusative plural)
dála (accusative plural)
dáil (genitive singular)
dál (dual genitive)
dál (genitive plural)
dál (dative singular)
dálaib (dative dual)
dálaib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *dālom, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- (“to share, divide”).


dál

dál (nominative singular)
dáil (dual nominative)
dála (nominative plural)
dál (singular vocative)
dáil (dual vocative)
dála (plural vocative)
dáil (accusative singular)
dáil (accusative dual)
dála (accusative plural)
dáile (genitive singular)
dál (dual genitive)
dál (genitive plural)
dáil (dative singular)
dálaib (dative dual)
dálaib (dative plural)

Irish: dáil

Scottish Gaelic: dàil


dál

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

third-person singular preterite conjunct of dáilid


náire

náire (nominative singular)
náire (singular vocative)
náiri (accusative singular)
náire (genitive singular)
náiri (dative singular)
náire
also nnáire after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: náire

Manx: nearey

Scottish Gaelic: nàire

⇒ Middle Irish: innáire

From Proto-Celtic *nāryā. By surface analysis, *nár (first attested in Middle Irish) + -e. See the etymology of modern Irish náir for more.

shamefacedness, bashfulness, diffidence, backwardness, reluctance

modesty, sense of decorum, nobility of behaviour, generosity


nert

head

nert n (genitive neirt, nominative plural nert)

neirt (genitive)
nert (nominative plural)
nert (nominative singular)
nert (dual nominative)
nert (nominative plural)
nerta (nominative plural)
nert (singular vocative)
nert (dual vocative)
nert (plural vocative)
nerta (plural vocative)
nert (accusative singular)
nert (accusative dual)
nert (accusative plural)
nerta (accusative plural)
neirt (genitive singular)
nert (dual genitive)
nert (genitive plural)
niurt (dative singular)
nertaib (dative dual)
nertaib (dative plural)

Irish: neart

Manx: niart

Scottish Gaelic: neart

From Proto-Celtic *nertom (“strength, force”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ner-to- (“virile, strong”), a derivative of *h₂nḗr (“man; vital energy”).


nert

·nert (canonical)
nert
also nnert after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

second-person singular imperative of nertaid

third-person singular preterite conjunct of nertaid


brónach

brónchu (comparative)
brónach (masculine nominative singular)
brónach (feminine nominative singular)
brónach (neuter nominative singular)
brónaig (masculine singular vocative)
brónach (masculine singular vocative)
brónach (feminine singular vocative)
brónach (neuter singular vocative)
brónach (accusative masculine singular)
brónaig (accusative feminine singular)
brónach (accusative neuter singular)
brónaig (genitive masculine singular)
brónaige (feminine genitive singular)
brónaig (genitive neuter singular)
brónuch (dative masculine singular)
brónaig (dative feminine singular)
brónuch (dative neuter singular)
brónaig (masculine nominative plural)
brónacha (feminine neuter nominative plural)
brónachu (masculine plural vocative)
brónacha (masculine plural vocative)
brónacha (feminine neuter plural vocative)
brónachu (accusative masculine plural)
brónacha (accusative masculine plural)
brónacha (accusative feminine neuter plural)
brónach (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
brónachaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
brónach
mbrónach

Irish: brónach

Scottish Gaelic: brònach


súil

head

súil f (genitive súlo or súla, nominative plural súili)

súlo (genitive)
súla (genitive)
súili (nominative plural)
súil (nominative singular)
súil (dual nominative)
súili (nominative plural)
súli (nominative plural)
súil (singular vocative)
súil (dual vocative)
súili (plural vocative)
súli (plural vocative)
súil (accusative singular)
súil (accusative dual)
súili (accusative plural)
súli (accusative plural)
súlo (genitive singular)
súla (genitive singular)
súlo (dual genitive)
súla (dual genitive)
súile (genitive plural)
súil (dative singular)
súilib (dative dual)
súlib (dative dual)
súilib (dative plural)
súlib (dative plural)
súil
ṡúil

Irish: súil

Manx: sooill

Scottish Gaelic: sùil

From Proto-Celtic *sūle, dual of *sāwūl (“sun”) (compare Welsh haul (“sun”), Breton heol (“sun”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).

Is déniu ad·ciam húa ṡúlib risíu ro·cloammar in fogur húa chluasaib, ut est is toísigiu ad·ciam teilciud in béla resíu ro·cloammar a guth sidi.

We see more quickly with the eyes before we hear the sound with the ears, ut est we see the throwing of the axe sooner before we hear the sound of this.


sét

séta (genitive)
sét (nominative singular)
sét (dual nominative)
sétae (nominative plural)
sét (singular vocative)
sét (dual vocative)
séotu (plural vocative)
sét (accusative singular)
sét (accusative dual)
séotu (accusative plural)
séto (genitive singular)
séta (genitive singular)
séto (dual genitive)
séta (dual genitive)
sétae (genitive plural)
séit (dative singular)
sétaib (dative dual)
sétaib (dative plural)

Irish: séad

From Proto-Celtic *sentus, from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to head for, go”). Cognate with Welsh hynt (“path”) and Old English sīþ (“time”).


sét

head

sét m (genitive séuit, nominative plural séuit)

séuit (genitive)
séuit (nominative plural)
sét (nominative singular)
sét (dual nominative)
séuit (nominative plural)
séuit (singular vocative)
sét (dual vocative)
séutu (plural vocative)
séuti (plural vocative)
sét (accusative singular)
sét (accusative dual)
séutu (accusative plural)
séuti (accusative plural)
séuit (genitive singular)
sét (dual genitive)
sét (genitive plural)
sét (dative singular)
sétaib (dative dual)
sétaib (dative plural)
sét
ṡét

Irish: seoid, séad

Scottish Gaelic: seud

From Proto-Celtic *swantos (“desire”). Cognate with Welsh chwant, Breton c'hoant, and Cornish whans.


ceist

ceist f (genitive cestae, nominative plural cesti)

cestae (genitive)
cesti (nominative plural)
ceist (nominative singular)
ceist (dual nominative)
cestai (nominative plural)
ceist (singular vocative)
ceist (dual vocative)
cestai (plural vocative)
ceist (accusative singular)
ceist (accusative dual)
cestai (accusative plural)
cestae (genitive singular)
cestae (dual genitive)
cestae (genitive plural)
ceist (dative singular)
cestaib (dative dual)
cestaib (dative plural)
ceist
cheist
ceist

Irish: ceist

Manx: keisht

Scottish Gaelic: ceist

Amal du·berad nech hi ceist do Dauid: “Húare is móir sléb fírinne Dǽ, cid ara fodmai-siu, ⟨a⟩ Dauid, didiu a ndu imnedaib ⁊ frithoircnib fodaimi? Air it fírián-⟨s⟩u.” Ícaid-som didiu anísin, a n-as·mbeir iudicia Domini abisus multa .i. ataat mesai Dǽ nephchomtetarrachti amal abis ⁊ amal fudumain. Is ed in sin fod·era in n-erígim, cid ara fodaim int aís fírián inna fochaidi, ⁊ cid ara mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib.

As though someone had put as a question to David: “Because God’s righteousness is as great as a mountain, why then, David, dost thou suffer what of afflictions and injuries thou sufferest? For thou art righteous.” He solves that then when he says “iudicia Domini abyssus multa”, i.e. there are judgments of God incomprehensible like an abyss and like a depth. That is what causes the complaint why the righteous folk endure tribulations, and why sinners are in prosperity.


caill

caille (genitive)
caill (nominative singular)
caill (dual nominative)
cailli (nominative plural)
caill (singular vocative)
caill (dual vocative)
cailli (plural vocative)
caill (accusative singular)
caill (accusative dual)
cailli (accusative plural)
caille (genitive singular)
caille (dual genitive)
caille (genitive plural)
caill (dative singular)
caillib (dative dual)
caillib (dative plural)
caill
chaill
caill

Irish: coill

Manx: keyll

Scottish Gaelic: coille


fírinne

fírinne (nominative singular)
fírinne (singular vocative)
fírinni (accusative singular)
fírinne (genitive singular)
fírinni (dative singular)
fírinne
ḟírinne
fírinne

Irish: fírinne

Manx: firriney

Scottish Gaelic: fìrinne

[ˈɸʲiːrʲin͈ʲe]


gréine

/ˈɡʲrʲeːnʲe/


salann

salainn (genitive)
salann (nominative singular)
salainn (singular vocative)
salann (accusative singular)
salainn (genitive singular)
salunn (dative singular)
salann
ṡalann

Irish: salann

Manx: sollan

Scottish Gaelic: salann

From Proto-Celtic *saleinos (compare Welsh halen), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls, whence also English salt, Latin sāl.


lacht

lachta (genitive)
lacht (nominative singular)
lacht (singular vocative)
lacht (accusative singular)
lachto (genitive singular)
lachta (genitive singular)
lacht (dative singular)
lacht
also llacht after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: lacht

Scottish Gaelic: lac, lachd

Borrowed from Latin lac, presumably via Late Latin lactis.


már

már (masculine nominative singular)
már (feminine nominative singular)
már (neuter nominative singular)
máir (masculine singular vocative)
már (masculine singular vocative)
már (feminine singular vocative)
már (neuter singular vocative)
már (accusative masculine singular)
máir (accusative feminine singular)
már (accusative neuter singular)
máir (genitive masculine singular)
máire (feminine genitive singular)
máir (genitive neuter singular)
már (dative masculine singular)
máir (dative feminine singular)
már (dative neuter singular)
máir (masculine nominative plural)
mára (feminine neuter nominative plural)
máru (masculine plural vocative)
mára (masculine plural vocative)
mára (feminine neuter plural vocative)
máru (accusative masculine plural)
mára (accusative masculine plural)
mára (accusative feminine neuter plural)
már (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
máraib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)


géc

géc (nominative singular)
géic (dual nominative)
géca (nominative plural)
géc (singular vocative)
géic (dual vocative)
géca (plural vocative)
géic (accusative singular)
géic (accusative dual)
géca (accusative plural)
géice (genitive singular)
géc (dual genitive)
géc (genitive plural)
géic (dative singular)
gécaib (dative dual)
gécaib (dative plural)
géc
ngéc

Irish: géag

Scottish Gaelic: geug

From Proto-Celtic *kankā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱak- (“branch”). Cognate with Sanskrit शाखा (śā́khā), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”) and Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”).


-em

-em (nominative singular)
-emain (dual nominative)
-emain (nominative plural)
-em (singular vocative)
-emain (dual vocative)
-emna (plural vocative)
-emain (accusative singular)
-emain (accusative dual)
-emna (accusative plural)
-eman (genitive singular)
-eman (dual genitive)
-eman (genitive plural)
-emain (dative singular)
-em (dative singular)
-emnaib (dative dual)
-emnaib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *-mū, from Proto-Indo-European *-mō.

flaith (“rule”) + -em → flaithem (“ruler”)

breth (“judgement”) + -em → brithem (“judge”)

fíach (“debt”) + -em → féchem (“debtor”)


-em

-em (nominative singular)
-em (singular vocative)
-im (accusative singular)
-me (genitive singular)
-im (dative singular)

Irish: -amh

Scottish Gaelic: -amh

From Proto-Celtic *-īmā, a verbal noun suffix for -ī- verbs in Celtic. Cognate with Welsh -i, from Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃.

feithid (“to watch over”) + -em → fethem (“watching over”)

moídid (“to boast”) + -em → moídem (“boasting”)

ad·gládathar (“to converse with”) + -em → acaldam (“conversation”)

Forms verbal nouns of class A II weak verbs with roots ending in dentals.


ind

inflection of in:
genitive singular masculine/neuter

inflection of in:
nominative singular feminine

inflection of in:
nominative plural masculine


ind

third-person singular masculine/neuter accusative of hi (“in”): into him/it


tain

inflection of tan:
accusative/dative singular

inflection of tan:
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


cin

cin (nominative singular)
cinaid (dual nominative)
cin (dual nominative)
cinaid (nominative plural)
cin (singular vocative)
cinaid (dual vocative)
cin (dual vocative)
cinta (plural vocative)
cinaid (accusative singular)
cinaid (accusative dual)
cin (accusative dual)
cinta (accusative plural)
cinad (genitive singular)
cinad (dual genitive)
cinad (genitive plural)
cinaid (dative singular)
cintaib (dative dual)
cintaib (dative plural)
cin
chin
cin

desc

Middle Irish: cin (“guilt; payment due, fee”)

Classical Gaelic: cion (“guilt; due portion; partiality”)

Irish: cion (“transgression; share; affection”)

From Proto-Celtic *kʷinuts, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to pay, avenge”).


íss

first-person singular future conjunct of ithid


rét

rét (nominative singular)
rét (dual nominative)
rétae (nominative plural)
réte (nominative plural)
rét (singular vocative)
rét (dual vocative)
rétu (plural vocative)
rét (accusative singular)
rét (accusative dual)
rétu (accusative plural)
réto (genitive singular)
réta (genitive singular)
réto (dual genitive)
réta (dual genitive)
rétae (genitive plural)
réte (genitive plural)
rét (dative singular)
rétaib (dative dual)
rétaib (dative plural)

Irish: réad, rud

Manx: red

Scottish Gaelic: rud

Without other cognates in Celtic, but theoretically from Proto-Celtic *rentus, perhaps related to Sanskrit रत्न (rátna, “possession; precious object, treasure, riches, goods”) via a common Proto-Indo-European *(H)ren-t-.

cog

i cach réit ro·hí a less

Ci as·bera nech ro·pïa nem cía du·gneid na rétu sa, nípa fír.

Even if anyone says you pl will have heaven although you do these things, it will not be true.

cia beith ar n‑acathar nech inna rétu inducbaidi in betha so, arnach·corathar i mmoth ⁊ machthad dia seirc ⁊ dia n‑accubur

though it be that someone sees the glorious things of this world, that he may not be put in stupor and admiration by love for them and by desire for them


rét

·rét (canonical)
rét
also rrét after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

nonlemma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

third-person singular present indicative conjunct of réidid


láma

láma
also lláma after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of lám


-l

-l (nominative singular)
-l (dual nominative)
-l (nominative plural)
-la (nominative plural)
-l (singular vocative)
-l (dual vocative)
-l (plural vocative)
-la (plural vocative)
-l (accusative singular)
-l (accusative dual)
-l (accusative plural)
-la (accusative plural)
-il (genitive singular)
-l (dual genitive)
-l (genitive plural)
-l (dative singular)
-laib (dative dual)
-laib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *-lom, from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“to let, leave”).

der

Forms verbal nouns for verbs ending in ·lá


forsa

Univerbation of for (“on”) + a (“the”, neuter accusative singular)


regas

regas
also rregas after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

third-person singular future relative of téit


gil

inflection of gel:
vocative/genitive singular masculine

inflection of gel:
dative/accusative singular feminine

inflection of gel:
genitive singular neuter

inflection of gel:
nominative plural masculine


bél

head

bél m (genitive béoil or béuil, nominative plural béoil or béuil)

béoil (genitive)
béuil (genitive)
béoil (nominative plural)
béuil (nominative plural)
bél (nominative singular)
bél (dual nominative)
béoil (nominative plural)
béuil (nominative plural)
béoil (singular vocative)
béuil (singular vocative)
bél (dual vocative)
béolu (plural vocative)
bél (accusative singular)
bél (accusative dual)
béolu (accusative plural)
béoil (genitive singular)
béuil (genitive singular)
bél (dual genitive)
bél (genitive plural)
béul (dative singular)
bélaib (dative dual)
bélib (dative dual)
bélaib (dative plural)
bélib (dative plural)
bél
mbél

Irish: béal, beola

Manx: beeal

Scottish Gaelic: beul

⇒ Middle Irish: bélbach

Irish: béalbhach

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *weblos. Compare Welsh gwefl (“animal lip”), Cornish gwevel.

co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu


míl

míl n (genitive míl, nominative plural míla or míl)

míl (genitive)
míla (nominative plural)
míl (nominative plural)
míl (nominative singular)
míl (dual nominative)
míl (nominative plural)
míla (nominative plural)
míl (singular vocative)
míl (dual vocative)
míl (plural vocative)
míla (plural vocative)
míl (accusative singular)
míl (accusative dual)
míl (accusative plural)
míla (accusative plural)
míl (genitive singular)
míl (dual genitive)
míl (genitive plural)
míl (dative singular)
mílaib (dative dual)
mílaib (dative plural)
míl
also mmíl after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: míol

Manx: meeyl

Scottish Gaelic: mial

From Proto-Celtic *mīlom (compare Welsh mil), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (compare Dutch maal (“calf”), Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “sheep”)).


mitter

second-person singular present indicative absolute of midithir


mitter

·mitter (canonical)
mitter
also mmitter after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

second-person singular present indicative conjunct

passive singular present indicative conjunct


glé

Irish: glé

Scottish Gaelic: glè


fíu

Irish: fiú

Manx: feeu

Scottish Gaelic: fiù

From Proto-Celtic *wesus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus (“excellent”). Cognate to Welsh gwiw, Sanskrit वसु (vásu, “excellent, good, beneficent”).

cog

.i. air bin fiu leu etir

[As if] I was worthy at all in their opinion. [The use of air (“for, since”) in this gloss has long been considered illegible. Editors tend to replace the air with some other construction.]

amal ní bimmis fíu ní etir

(following co) to the extent of, even including


cona

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


cona

head

cona (triggers lenition in the masculine and neuter singular, /h/-prothesis in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)

in the masculine and neuter singular (triggers-lenition)

Amal nád n-airigther ⁊ nád fintar a ndu·gníther hi suidi, sic ba in fortgidiu ⁊ ba hi temul du·gníth Saul cona muntair intleda ⁊ erelca fri Dauid.

As what is done in this is not perceived and discovered, so it was covertly and it was in darkness that Saul with his people was making snares and ambushes against David.

Univerbation of co (“with”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)


cona

Alternative spelling of conna (“so that…not”)


ét

éuit (genitive)
ét (nominative singular)
éuit (singular vocative)
ét (accusative singular)
éuit (genitive singular)
éut (dative singular)

Irish: éad

Manx: ead

Scottish Gaelic: eud

From Proto-Celtic *yantus, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-. Cognates include Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos) and Sanskrit यत्न (yatna, “zeal”)), यस्यति (yasyati, “strive for”).

trisin intamail sin .i. combad ǽt leu buid domsa i n-iriss et duús in intamlitis

through that imitation, i.e. so that there may be jealousy with them for me to be in faith and if by chance they might imitate [me]


ét

ét (nominative singular)
ét (singular vocative)
éit (accusative singular)
éite (genitive singular)
éit (dative singular)
ét
n-ét

From Proto-Celtic *intā, containing the prefix in-.


legas

legas
also llegas after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

third-person singular present indicative relative of legaid


snig

third-person singular present indicative conjunct of snigid


llegas

Alternative spelling of legas when unlenited


topar

topar (nominative singular)
topar (dual nominative)
topair (nominative plural)
topair (singular vocative)
topar (dual vocative)
topru (plural vocative)
topar (accusative singular)
topar (accusative dual)
topru (accusative plural)
topair (genitive singular)
topar (dual genitive)
topar (genitive plural)
topar (dative singular)
topraib (dative dual)
topraib (dative plural)
topar
thopar
topar

Irish: tobar

Manx: çhibbyr

Scottish Gaelic: tobar

From Proto-Celtic *to-od-bur, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”). However, compare inbhir (“mouth of a river”). Synonymous with tipra.


ataré

third-person singular feminine future/present subjunctive deuterotonic of at·reig


tocad

tocaid (genitive)
tocad (nominative singular)
tocad (dual nominative)
tocaid (nominative plural)
tocaid (singular vocative)
tocad (dual vocative)
toicdiu (plural vocative)
tocad (accusative singular)
tocad (accusative dual)
toicdiu (accusative plural)
tocaid (genitive singular)
tocad (dual genitive)
tocad (genitive plural)
tocud (dative singular)
toicdib (dative dual)
toicdib (dative plural)
tocad
thocad
tocad

From Proto-Celtic *tonketos. Cognate with Welsh tynged (“destiny, fate”).


abis

Irish: aibhéis (possibly or partially)

Borrowed from Latin abyssus, from Ancient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos).

is samlid insin rodaingnigestar Dia imna abissiu

even so hath God made firm about the abysses

Amal du·berad nech hi ceist do Dauid: “Húare is móir sléb fírinne Dǽ, cid ara fodmai-siu, ⟨a⟩ Dauid, didiu a ndu imnedaib ⁊ frithoircnib fo·daimi? Air it fírián-⟨s⟩u.” Ícaid-som didiu anísin, a n‑as·mbeir iudicia Domini abisus multa .i. ataat mesai Dǽ nephchomtetarrachti amal abis ⁊ amal fudumain. Is ed in sin fod·era in n‑erígim, cid ara fodaim int aís fírián inna fochaidi, ⁊ cid ara mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib.


adi

Hóre adi ellachti i corp Crist, rob·bia-si ind indocbál do·ratad do suidiu.

Since ye are united into Christ's body, ye shall have the glory which has been given to him.

second-person plural present indicative of is


criad

·crïad (canonical)
crïad (canonical)
crïad
chrïad
crïad

third-person singular past subjunctive conjunct of crenaid

third-person singular imperative of crenaid


cían

cían (masculine nominative singular)
cían (feminine nominative singular)
cían (neuter nominative singular)
céin (masculine singular vocative)
cían (masculine singular vocative)
cían (feminine singular vocative)
cían (neuter singular vocative)
cían (accusative masculine singular)
céin (accusative feminine singular)
cían (accusative neuter singular)
céin (genitive masculine singular)
céine (feminine genitive singular)
céin (genitive neuter singular)
cían (dative masculine singular)
céin (dative feminine singular)
cían (dative neuter singular)
céin (masculine nominative plural)
cíana (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cíanu (masculine plural vocative)
cíana (masculine plural vocative)
cíana (feminine neuter plural vocative)
cíanu (accusative masculine plural)
cíana (accusative masculine plural)
cíana (accusative feminine neuter plural)
cían (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
cíanaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

From Proto-Celtic *keinos. The noun is a feminine substantivization of the adjective.


cían

cían (nominative singular)
céin (dual nominative)
cíana (nominative plural)
cían (singular vocative)
céin (dual vocative)
cíana (plural vocative)
céin (accusative singular)
céin (accusative dual)
cíana (accusative plural)
céine (genitive singular)
cían (dual genitive)
cían (genitive plural)
céin (dative singular)
cíanaib (dative dual)
cíanaib (dative plural)
cían
chían
cían

Middle Irish: cían

Irish: cian

Scottish Gaelic: cian


cía

head

cía (triggers h-prothesis, neuter (triggers lenition) cid, plural citné or cisné)

cid (neuter triggers-lenition)
citné (plural)
cisné (plural)

Irish: cé

Scottish Gaelic: cò

Manx: quoi

From Proto-Celtic *kʷei (compare Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

Air cía dunaibhí do·foirmsed?

(stressed interrogative pronoun) who? what?


cía

cía (canonical)
ce (canonical)
ci (canonical)

Cía cethrar? Rí ⁊ brithem ⁊ dias i manchuini.

c. 700, Críth Gablach, published in Críth Gablach (1941, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited by Daniel Anthony Binchy, p. 21, paragraph 40, line 536

Who are the four people (plural)? A king, judge, and two others in service.

As·biurt-sa frie: "Cía lóg rom·bia latt ara fagbáil?" As·bert-si frim-sa dom·bérad seirc mblíadnae dam-sa.

c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 299:

I said to her, "what (is the) reward (neuter) I will have for finding it?" She said to me that she would give me [her] love in one year.

cía·bed flaith

(unstressed interrogative pronoun) who? what?

cía·tíasam

whereever we go (literally, “whatever we go to”)

(indefinite) whoever, whatever (followed by the subjunctive in the present tense)


cía

cía (triggers h-prothesis, feminine (triggers lenition) cesí or cessi or cisí, neuter (triggers lenition) ced or cid, plural citné or cisné)

cesí (feminine triggers-lenition)
cessi (feminine)
cisí (feminine)
ced (neuter triggers-lenition)
cid (neuter)
citné (plural)
cisné (plural)

which, what (agreeing with following noun in gender and number)


cía

Middle Irish: cía

Irish: cé go

Scottish Gaelic: ged

Manx: ga dy

Uncertain; possibly from the pronoun (Etymology 1).


áram

áirme (genitive)
áram (nominative singular)
áraim (dual nominative)
áirim (dual nominative)
áirmea (nominative plural)
áram (singular vocative)
áraim (dual vocative)
áirim (dual vocative)
áirmea (plural vocative)
áraim (accusative singular)
áirim (accusative singular)
áraim (accusative dual)
áirim (accusative dual)
áirmea (accusative plural)
áirme (genitive singular)
áram (dual genitive)
áram (genitive plural)
áraim (dative singular)
áirim (dative singular)
áirmib (dative dual)
áirmib (dative plural)
árem
n-árem

Middle Irish: áirem

Irish: áireamh

Manx: earroo

Scottish Gaelic: àireamh

desctree

⇒ Middle Irish: comáirem
Irish: comhaireamh

tri togair inn anmae Dǽ ⁊ árim a degmaine

through calling on the name of God and enumerating his benefits

certain collective quantity, amount, sum


rían

rían (nominative singular)
rían (dual nominative)
réin (nominative plural)
réin (singular vocative)
rían (dual vocative)
ríanu (plural vocative)
rían (accusative singular)
rían (accusative dual)
ríanu (accusative plural)
réin (genitive singular)
rían (dual genitive)
rían (genitive plural)
rían (dative singular)
ríanaib (dative dual)
ríanaib (dative plural)

Irish: rian

Scottish Gaelic: rian


rige

rige (nominative singular)
rigi (dual nominative)
rigi (nominative plural)
rige (singular vocative)
rigi (dual vocative)
rigi (plural vocative)
rigi (accusative singular)
rigi (accusative dual)
rigi (accusative plural)
rige (genitive singular)
rige (dual genitive)
rige (genitive plural)
rigi (dative singular)
rigib (dative dual)
rigib (dative plural)
rige
also rrige after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


legad

legtha (genitive)
lechtha (genitive)
legad (nominative singular)
legad (singular vocative)
legad (accusative singular)
legtha (genitive singular)
lechtha (genitive singular)
legud (dative singular)
legad
also llegad after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: leá

Scottish Gaelic: leaghadh


certu

vocative/accusative masculine plural of cert


lég

·lég (canonical)
lég
also llég after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

third-person singular preterite conjunct of légaid


regad

third-person singular conditional conjunct of téit


opar

oipre (genitive)
opar (nominative singular)
opair (dual nominative)
oiprea (nominative plural)
opar (singular vocative)
opair (dual vocative)
oiprea (plural vocative)
opair (accusative singular)
opair (accusative dual)
oiprea (accusative plural)
oipre (genitive singular)
opar (dual genitive)
opar (genitive plural)
opair (dative singular)
oiprib (dative dual)
oiprib (dative plural)
opar
n-opar

Middle Irish: opar, opair

Irish: obair

Manx: obbyr

Scottish Gaelic: obair


ardu

inflection of ard:
vocative/accusative plural masculine


so-

head

so- (triggers lenition of a following term)

From Proto-Celtic *su-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-. Cognate with Welsh hy- (“very, easy to”), Ancient Greek εὖ (eû), Sanskrit सु- (su-).

so- + cor (“contract”) → sochar (“good contract”)

so- + cenél (“kindred”) → sochenéuil (“well-born”)

so- + atrab (“inhabiting”) → suaitribthide (“habitable”)

so- + cosc (“correction”) → sochoisc (“docile”)

so- + cairdech (“friendly”) → sochairdech (“very friendly”)


molad

molto (genitive)
molad (nominative singular)
molad (dual nominative)
moltai (nominative plural)
molad (singular vocative)
molad (dual vocative)
moltu (plural vocative)
molad (accusative singular)
molad (accusative dual)
moltu (accusative plural)
molto (genitive singular)
molta (genitive singular)
molto (dual genitive)
molta (dual genitive)
moltae (genitive plural)
molad (dative singular)
moltaib (dative dual)
moltaib (dative plural)
molad
also mmolad after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: moladh

Scottish Gaelic: moladh

From Proto-Celtic *molātus. See also Middle Welsh molawdd and Gaulish molatus.

Inna c{h}enél fo·rrorbris, fos·roammámigestar dïa molad ⁊ dïa adrad.

The peoples whom he has routed, he has subjugated them to his praise and to his worship.

Im·folṅgi inducbáil dó in molad ro·mmolastar Día.

The praise (with) which he has praised God causes glory to him.


indiu

Irish: inniu

Manx: jiu

Scottish Gaelic: an-diugh

From either i (“in”) or in (“the”) plus the dative singular of día (“day”).


meirle

meirle (nominative singular)
meirli (dual nominative)
meirli (nominative plural)
meirle (singular vocative)
meirli (dual vocative)
meirli (plural vocative)
meirli (accusative singular)
meirli (accusative dual)
meirli (accusative plural)
meirle (genitive singular)
meirle (dual genitive)
meirle (genitive plural)
meirli (dative singular)
meirlib (dative dual)
meirlib (dative plural)
meirle
also mmeirle after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Scottish Gaelic: mèirle


graig

graig f or m (genitive grega, nominative plural graigi)

grega (genitive)
graigi (nominative plural)
graig (nominative singular)
graig (dual nominative)
graigi (nominative plural)
graig (singular vocative)
graig (dual vocative)
graigi (plural vocative)
graig (accusative singular)
graig (accusative dual)
graigi (accusative plural)
grego (genitive singular)
grega (genitive singular)
grego (dual genitive)
grega (dual genitive)
graige (genitive plural)
graig (dative singular)
graigib (dative dual)
graigib (dative plural)
graig
ngraig

Báite Pharo lia ṡlúag sain co cairptib ocus mór-graig.

Pharaoh was drowned with his own host,   with chariots and a great number of horses.

Sarugad Eugain Mainisdreach, abbatis Airdd Machae hi foigaillnaig la Conchobar m. n-Donnchada co n-arrgabtha a muinnter & co ructha a graigi.

Eógan of Mainister, abbot of Armagh, was dishonoured over … by Conchobor, son of Donnchad; and his followers were taken prisoner; and his horses taken away.


eter

etrom (first-person singular)
etrum (first-person singular)
etrut (second-person singular)
etir (accusative singular)
itir (accusative singular)
etron (dative first-person plural)
etronn (dative first-person plural)
etrunn (dative first-person plural)
etrunni (dative emphatic first-person plural)
etruib (dative plural second-person)
etarru (accusative plural third-person)
etarro (accusative plural third-person)

Irish: idir

Manx: eddyr

Scottish Gaelic: eadar

From Proto-Celtic *enter (whence Welsh ythr), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁enter (“between”). Cognate with Latin inter (“between”) and Sanskrit अन्तर् (antár, “between, within, into”).

cog

Do·adbadar sund trá causa pro qua scripta est æpistola .i. irbága ro·bátar leosom eter desciplu et debe; óentu immurgu eter a magistru. Mógi sidi uili do Día; acht do·rigénsat in descipuil dechor etarru et déu diib: is hed on ɔsecha-som hic.

Here, then is shown the reason for which the epistle was written, i.e. they had had contentions and disagreements between the disciples; unity, however, among their masters. They are all servants to God; but the disciples had made a distinction between them and (made) gods of them; that is what he corrects here.