and

From Proto-Celtic *andom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó. The adverbial sense of this term is the original one, and it has an etymology independent of i.

in bélrai .i. is and atá gním tengad isind huiliu labramar-ni

of speech, i.e. the action of the tongue is in it, in all that we say

third-person singular masculine/neuter dative of hi: in him, in it


de

De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”

Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

third-person singular masculine/neuter of di (“of, from”)

lía de

Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.

Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.

Used after the comparative degree of an adjective in the meaning of English “the” before a comparative


tree

Cain ro·noíbad Abracham tri hiris? In tree ǽm didiu fa nacc?

Hasn’t Abraham been sanctified through faith? Through it then indeed or not?

third-person singular feminine accusative of tri: through her/it sg


as

third-person singular masculine of a (“out of”)


an

head

an (triggers eclipsis, takes a leniting relative clause)

Is demniu liunn a n-ad·chiam hua sulib ol·daas an ro·chluinemmar hua chluasaib.

What we see with the eyes is more certain for us than what we hear with the ears.


do

From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.


sin

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.

It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)


es

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Alternative spelling of as: third-person singular masculine of a


side

nominative/accusative singular masculine unstressed

inflection of suide:
genitive singular feminine unstressed


sí

Irish: sí

Manx: ee

Scottish Gaelic: i

From Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Welsh hi), from a blend of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”) + *íh₂.

Sí fri gábud condon·fóir.

Is sí thol Dée.


ed

Irish: ea

Scottish Gaelic: eadh

From Proto-Indo-European *id, cognate with Latin id.

Is ed as·berat ind heretic.


less

less
also lless after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Alternative spelling of les (third-person singular masculine of la)


fair

third-person singular masculine/neuter accusative of for


dom

Irish: dom, domh

Manx: dou

Scottish Gaelic: dhomh, domh

Univerbation of do (“to, for”) + mé (“me”)


duit

second-person singular of do: to/for you sg


cuci

Hóre is cuci rigmi, is ferr dún placere illi.

Since it is to him we will go, it is better for us to please him.

third-person singular masculine accusative of co (“to, until”)


leu

trisin intamail sin .i. combad ǽt leu buid domsa i n-iriss et duús in intamlitis

through that imitation, i.e. so that there may be jealousy with them for me to be in faith and if by chance they might imitate [me]

Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doib di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coimnacuir ⁊ issi dano insin ind frescissiu co fochaid.

It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that Good would not give it to them, and [even] that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.


-a

ar (“for the sake of”) + -a → ara (“for the sake of whom/which”)

combines with prepositions to form a relative pronoun


sib

Irish: sibh

Manx: shiu

Scottish Gaelic: sibh

From Proto-Celtic *swiswis (compare Welsh chwichwi), a reduplicated form of *swīs (“you, ye”), from Proto-Indo-European *wos.

It sib ata chomarpi Abracham.


dun

Alternative spelling of dúnn (“to/for us”)


fort

Irish: ort

Manx: ort

Scottish Gaelic: ort

on you


tú

Irish: tú

Manx: oo

Scottish Gaelic: thu

From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (compare Ancient Greek σύ (sú), Latin tū, Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty), Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu), Welsh ti).

Ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.

It is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you.

Bed indbadigthi .i. bed chuintechti .i. cid fáilte ad·cot-sa ⁊ du·ngnéu, is túsu immid·folngi dam, a Dǽ; cid indeb dano ad·cot, is tú, Dǽ, immid·folngi dam.

To be enriched, i.e. to be sought, i.e. though it is joy that I obtain and make, it is you who effects it for me, O God; so too, though it is wealth that I obtain, it is you, God, who effects it for me.


mé

Irish: mé

Manx: mee

Scottish Gaelic: mi

From Proto-Celtic *mī, from Proto-Indo-European *me (“me”) (compare Sanskrit मा (mā), Ancient Greek με (me), Latin mē, Welsh mi).


fora

In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora·tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.

The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit against it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes


lib

Irish: libh

Manx: lhiu

Scottish Gaelic: leibh


ara

head

ara· (triggers lenition in direct relative clauses and eclipsis in indirect relative clauses)

ar (“for (the sake of), because of”) + -a (relative pronoun)

af

for (the sake of) whom/which, because of whom/which


linn

Gigeste-si Día linn ara·fulsam ar fochidi.

You pl will pray to God for us so that we may endure our sufferings.

Cit comṡuidigthi la Grécu ní écen dúnni beta comṡuidigthi linn.

Although they are compounds in Greek (lit. “with the Greeks”), it is not necessary for us that they be compounds in our language (lit. “with us”).


sidi

genitive singular masculine/neuter unstressed

inflection of suide:
accusative singular feminine unstressed

inflection of suide:
nominative/accusative plural unstressed


dé

Alternative spelling of de: third-person singular masculine of di (“of, from”)


lat

Univerbation of la (“with”) + tú (“you sg”)

univ

you <abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr>


a

Irish: a

Scottish Gaelic: a


é

head

é (feminine sí, neuter ed, emphatic ésom)

sí (feminine)
ed (neuter)
ésom (emphatic)

Irish: sé, Irish: é

Scottish Gaelic: e

Manx: eh

From Proto-Celtic *es or *ēs, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Is hé as airchinnech inna n-uile.

Ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.


é

From Proto-Celtic *eyes (nom. pl.) or *ens (acc. pl.) (compare Middle Welsh wy), from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Nitat pecthi collnidi híccatar and ind echt so cebtar hé riam.

It is not fleshly sins that are paid for there now, though it was they before.


tussu

Irish: tusa

Manx: uss

Scottish Gaelic: thusa


fris

third-person singular masculine/neuter of fri


lenn

lenn
also llenn after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Is and didiu for·téit spiritus ar n-énirti-ni in tain bes n-inun accobor lenn .i. la corp et anim et la spirut.

So it is then that the spirit helps our weakness when we have the same desire, i.e. body and soul and spirit.


cene

third-person singular masculine/neuter of cen: without him/it


sinni

Irish: sinn

Scottish Gaelic: sinn

Manx: shin

From *sisni, dissimilated from Proto-Celtic *snisni, from *snīs (“we”) (compare Welsh nini, ni).

Is sinni.


occo

third-person singular masculine dative of oc


ní

nech (animate nominative)
ní (neuter nominative)
nech (accusative animate)
ní (accusative neuter)
neich (genitive)
neuch (dative)
neoch (dative)
ní
also nní after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

something, anything; some, any [with di ‘of’]


hed

Ní hed not·beir i nem, cía ba loingthech.

It is not this that brings you sg into heaven, that you may be gluttonous.

Is hed no·molfar.

Is hed inso no·guidimm.


fóu

Ní hé apstal cita·rogab in testimin so. Aliter: Ní fóu da·uc int apstal fon chéill fuand·rogab in fáith.

It is not (the) apostle who first uttered this text. Otherwise: The apostle did not apply it in the sense in which the prophet uttered it.

third-person singular masculine/neuter dative of fo


dí

Irish: di

Manx: j'ee

Scottish Gaelic: dhith

third-person singular feminine of di: from her

third-person singular feminine of do: to/for her


dún

ind roisc du·n-écomnacht-su dún, a Dǽ

of the eye that you sg have given (to) us, O God


messe

Irish: mise

Manx: mish

Scottish Gaelic: mise


indi

third-person singular feminine dative of hi: in her, in it f


dó

third-person singular masculine/neuter of do (“to, for”)


nini

From Proto-Celtic *snisni (compare Welsh nini).

Is nini fo·rálaig.


aí

his, hers, theirs (optionally governed by the definite article)

Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑aí fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.

It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.

(partitive genitive) of him, of her, of them


dúnn

Irish: dúinn

Manx: dooin

Scottish Gaelic: dhuinn

first-person plural of do: to us, for us


féin

féin
fadéin
céin
cadéin
fesin
fessin
feisin
feissin
fadesin
fadessin
fadeisin
fadeissin
fadéne
cesin
cessin
ceisin
ceissin
cadesin
cadessin
cadeisin
cadeissin
fissin
fesine
fessine
feisine
feisne
feissne
fadisin
fadesne
fadeissne
fanisin
fanissin
canisin
fedesin
fadesine
fadessine
fadeisine
fadeisne
ceisne
cadesine
cadessine
cadeisine
cadesne
féin
ḟéin
féin

From Proto-Celtic *swesin (from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”)) + *sin (anaphoric pronoun).

Non·samlafammar frinn fesine.


frisa

Univerbation of fri (“toward, against, with”) + a (“whom, which”)

univ

A·tá tairmthechtas persan híc .i. is sain indí asid·rubart ⁊ indí frisa n-érbrath.

There is a transition of persons here, i.e. the one who has said it and the one to whom it has been said are different.


ind

third-person singular masculine/neuter accusative of hi (“in”): into him/it


cía

head

cía (triggers h-prothesis, neuter (triggers lenition) cid, plural citné or cisné)

cid (neuter triggers-lenition)
citné (plural)
cisné (plural)

Irish: cé

Scottish Gaelic: cò

Manx: quoi

From Proto-Celtic *kʷei (compare Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

Air cía dunaibhí do·foirmsed?

(stressed interrogative pronoun) who? what?


cía

cía (canonical)
ce (canonical)
ci (canonical)

Cía cethrar? Rí ⁊ brithem ⁊ dias i manchuini.

c. 700, Críth Gablach, published in Críth Gablach (1941, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited by Daniel Anthony Binchy, p. 21, paragraph 40, line 536

Who are the four people (plural)? A king, judge, and two others in service.

As·biurt-sa frie: "Cía lóg rom·bia latt ara fagbáil?" As·bert-si frim-sa dom·bérad seirc mblíadnae dam-sa.

c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 299:

I said to her, "what (is the) reward (neuter) I will have for finding it?" She said to me that she would give me [her] love in one year.

cía·bed flaith

(unstressed interrogative pronoun) who? what?

cía·tíasam

whereever we go (literally, “whatever we go to”)

(indefinite) whoever, whatever (followed by the subjunctive in the present tense)


innaní

masculine/feminine/neuter genitive plural of intí


síi

From Proto-Celtic *swīs (compare Welsh chwi), from Proto-Indo-European *wos (compare Latin vōs, Old Church Slavonic вꙑ (vy)).


cid

Irish: cad

Scottish Gaelic: ciod

Manx: quoid

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷis); compare Latin quid, Cornish pyth, Welsh pa.

"Ceist, cid do·gén-sa?" olsé ria máthair.

c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 322:

"Question: what will I do?" he said before his mother.

cid atob·aich cen dílgud cech ancridi do·gnethe frib, et ní bethe fria acre

what impels you pl not to forgive every injury that may have been done to you, and that you should not be about to sue [because of] it?

Ro·cluinethar cách in fogur et nícon·ḟitir cid as·beir.

Everyone hears the sound and does not know what it says.


snisni

snisni ata sonortu


sní

From Proto-Celtic *snīs (compare Welsh ni), from Proto-Indo-European *nos, compare Latin nōs, Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃 (uns).

o sní credentes in Christo

Ní sní cetid·deirgni ⁊ ní sní dud·rigni nammá.

We have not done it first, and we have not done it alone.


úan

Univerbation of úa (“from”) + sinn (“us”)

univ

first-person plural of úa; alternative spelling of úainn


itir

between him/it


etir

between him/it


úainn

Irish: uainn

Scottish Gaelic: uainn


ocut

Irish: agat

Manx: ayd

Scottish Gaelic: agad

at you


cách

Irish: cách

Scottish Gaelic: càch

From Proto-Celtic *kʷākʷos from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂-kʷo-. Cognate with Middle Welsh pawb and modern Welsh pawb, Old Church Slavonic какъ (kakŭ, “what kind of”), Lithuanian kõks (“what kind of”).


forna

Univerbation of for (“on”) + nád (negative relative particle)

univ

Ní digénam-ni nach ngním forna mmestar-som.

We will do no work on which he may not pass judgment.


aní

nominative/accusative singular neuter of intí


fessin

féin
fadéin
céin
cadéin
fesin
fessin
feisin
feissin
fadesin
fadessin
fadeisin
fadeissin
fadéne
cesin
cessin
ceisin
ceissin
cadesin
cadessin
cadeisin
cadeissin
fissin
fesine
fessine
feisine
feisne
feissne
fadisin
fadesne
fadeissne
fanisin
fanissin
canisin
fedesin
fadesine
fadessine
fadeisine
fadeisne
ceisne
cadesine
cadessine
cadeisine
cadesne

From Proto-Celtic *swe- (“oneself”) (from Proto-Indo-European *swé) + *es (“he”) (in the singular) or *ens (“them”) (in the plural) + *sin (anaphoric pronoun). The initial f is from earlier *hw, the lenited form of the Proto-Celtic *sw.

Taiccéra cách dara chen⟨n⟩ fessin.

Ní ind fessin eirbthi, ⁊ nách dó du·aisilbi na nní do·gní, acht is do Dia-

It is not in himself that he trusts, and it is not to himself that he ascribes whatever he does, but it is to God.

Alternative form of féin in the second-person plural and the third-person singular and plural


airi

third-person singular masculine/neuter accusative of ar


immi

Irish: uime

Scottish Gaelic: uime

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

third-person singular masculine/neuter accusative of imb


fua

Univerbation of fo (“under (etc.)”) + a (various meanings, see individual entries)

Ní hé apstal cita·rogab in testimin so. Aliter: Ní fou da·uc int apstal fon chéill fuänd·rogab in fáith.

fo + a (“that which, what”): under (etc.) which/whom


foir

third-person singular masculine/neuter accusative of for


latt

Alternative spelling of lat: second-person singular of la (“with”)


níi

Alternative spelling of ní (“something, anything”)


domsa

trisin intamail sin .i. combad ǽt leu buid domsa i n-iriss et duús in intamlitis

through that imitation, i.e. so that there may be jealousy with them for me to be in faith and if by chance they might imitate [me]


suide

sodain (neuter)
sude (masculine nominative singular stressed)
suide (masculine nominative singular stressed)
side (masculine nominative singular unstressed)
sude (feminine nominative singular stressed)
suide (feminine nominative singular stressed)
de (feminine nominative singular unstressed)
ade (feminine nominative singular unstressed)
sodin (neuter nominative singular stressed)
sodain (neuter nominative singular stressed)
ón (neuter nominative singular unstressed)
són (neuter nominative singular unstressed)
sude (accusative masculine singular stressed)
suide (accusative masculine singular stressed)
side (accusative masculine singular unstressed)
sudi (accusative feminine singular stressed)
suidi (accusative feminine singular stressed)
sidi (accusative feminine singular unstressed)
sodin (accusative neuter singular stressed)
sodain (accusative neuter singular stressed)
ón (accusative neuter singular unstressed)
són (accusative neuter singular unstressed)
sidi (genitive masculine singular unstressed)
adi (genitive masculine singular unstressed)
side (feminine genitive singular unstressed)
sidi (genitive neuter singular unstressed)
adi (genitive neuter singular unstressed)
sudiu (dative masculine singular stressed)
suidiu (dative masculine singular stressed)
sudi (dative feminine singular stressed)
suidi (dative feminine singular stressed)
sudiu (dative neuter singular stressed)
suidiu (dative neuter singular stressed)
sudi (masculine nominative plural stressed)
suidi (masculine nominative plural stressed)
sidi (masculine nominative plural unstressed)
di (masculine nominative plural unstressed)
adi (masculine nominative plural unstressed)
sudi (feminine neuter nominative plural stressed)
suidi (feminine neuter nominative plural stressed)
sidi (feminine neuter nominative plural unstressed)
di (feminine neuter nominative plural unstressed)
adi (feminine neuter nominative plural unstressed)
sudiu (accusative masculine plural stressed)
suidiu (accusative masculine plural stressed)
sidi (accusative masculine plural unstressed)
di (accusative masculine plural unstressed)
adi (accusative masculine plural unstressed)
sudi (accusative feminine neuter plural stressed)
suidi (accusative feminine neuter plural stressed)
sidi (accusative feminine neuter plural unstressed)
di (accusative feminine neuter plural unstressed)
adi (accusative feminine neuter plural unstressed)
ade (genitive masculine plural unstressed)
ade (feminine genitive neuter plural stressed)
ade (feminine genitive neuter plural unstressed)
sudib (dative masculine plural stressed)
suidib (dative masculine plural stressed)
sudib (dative feminine neuter plural stressed)
suidib (dative feminine neuter plural stressed)
sudib (dative feminine neuter plural unstressed)
suidib (dative feminine neuter plural unstressed)

From the root of so (“this”); an extension of Proto-Celtic *so, specifically via an extension *so-de-sos.


cach

Shortened from cách (“everyone, everything”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷākʷos; cognate with Middle Welsh pawb (modern Welsh pob).


lemm

Ní mebul lemm cía fa·dam.


sodain

nominative/accusative neuter singular of suide


taí

From Proto-Celtic *towe (genitive of *tū), from Proto-Indo-European *tewe (genitive of *túh₂); cognate with Sanskrit तव (tava) and Doric Greek τεῦ (teû).

genitive singular of tú: yours sg, thine


friusom

third-person plural accusative emphatic of fri


suidiu

dative singular masculine/neuter of suide (“this”)


intí

intí (masculine nominative)
inthí (masculine nominative)
indí (feminine nominative)
indhí (feminine nominative)
aní (neuter nominative)
indí (masculine nominative)
indhí (masculine nominative)
nahí (feminine neuter nominative)
innahí (feminine neuter nominative)
inní (accusative masculine)
inní (accusative feminine)
aní (accusative neuter)
nahí (accusative masculine)
nahí (accusative feminine neuter)
innahí (accusative masculine)
innahí (accusative feminine neuter)
indí (genitive masculine)
indhí (genitive masculine)
nahí (feminine genitive)
innahí (feminine genitive)
indí (genitive neuter)
indhí (genitive neuter)
naní (genitive masculine)
naní (feminine genitive neuter)
innaní (genitive masculine)
innaní (feminine genitive neuter)
dondí (dative masculine)
dondí (dative feminine neuter)
dondhí (dative masculine)
dondhí (dative feminine neuter)
cossindí (dative masculine)
cossindí (dative feminine neuter)
cossindhí (dative masculine)
cossindhí (dative feminine neuter)
etc. (dative masculine)
etc. (dative feminine neuter)
donaibí (dative masculine)
donaibí (dative feminine neuter)
donaibhí (dative masculine)
donaibhí (dative feminine neuter)
cosnaibí (dative masculine)
cosnaibí (dative feminine neuter)
cosnaibhí (dative masculine)
cosnaibhí (dative feminine neuter)

Irish: an té

Irish: ní (“thing”)

Univerbation of int (definite article) + í (deictic particle)

univerbation

(s)he who, that which; the one who, the one which; whoever, what(ever)


nech

nech (animate nominative)
ní (neuter nominative)
nech (accusative animate)
ní (accusative neuter)
neich (genitive)
neuch (dative)
neoch (dative)

From Proto-Celtic *nekʷos (“someone, something”); compare nach (“some, any”). Cognate with Welsh neb.

inh

someone, anyone, (after a negative particle) no one


na ní

ní ind fessin eirbthi, ⁊ nách dó du·aisilbi na nní do·gní, acht is do Dia

it is not in himself that he trusts, and it is not to himself that he ascribes whatever he does, but it is to God

a n‑imbed són ind slóig do·lega na ní téte, fo chosmailius dílenn

the abundance of the army which destroys whatever it comes to, like a deluge


remib

[ˈr͈ʲeβ̃ʲiβʲ]


suidi

inflection of suide:
genitive singular masculine and neuter

inflection of suide:
accusative and dative singular feminine

nominative and accusative plural all genders


neich

genitive singular of nech (“someone, anyone”) and ní (“something, anything”)


doib

Irish: dóibh, dhóibh

Manx: daue

Scottish Gaelic: daibh, dhaibh


dúibsi

coní árim-se peccad libsi uili, ꝉ ara·tart-sa fortacht dúibsi, arnap trom fuirib for n‑oínur

so that I may not count sin with you all, or so that I may give aid to you lest it be heavy on you by yourselves

Is dúibsi proficit; ba coïr dúibsi cía do·berthe testas dinni.

It is you that it benefits; it would be right for you if you gave testimony of us.

Niba dimicthe-se libsi cía·béo i fochidib, ar [is] gloria dúibsi ón.

I should not be despised by you although I may be in sufferings: for this is glory to you.


dúib

Mad áill dúib cid accaldam neich diib, da·rigénte.

If you pl desired even to address any of them, you could do it.

Ro·pridchad dúib céssad Críst amal ad·cethe ꝉ fo·rócrad dúib amal bid fíadib no·crochthe.

Christ’s Passion has been preached to you as though it were seen; or it has been announced to you as if he had been crucified before you.


forru

Irish: orthu

Manx: orroo

Scottish Gaelic: orra

Ní taibre grád for nech causa a pectha ꝉ a chaíngníma: ar bíit alaili and ro·finnatar a pecthe resíu do·coí grád forru; alaili is íarum ro·finnatar. Berir dano fri láa brátha.

You sg should not confer orders on anyone because of his sin or of his good deed: for there are some whose sins are found out before their ordination, others whose [sins] are found out afterwards. Reference is made, then, to the day of judgment.

Ní derlaicht⟨h⟩a a pecdæ doïb acht du·ratad dígal forru. Cenotad maic-si raith dano, má im·roimsid ní dílgibther dúib.

Their sins have not been forgiven them, but punishment has been inflicted upon them. Though you pl, then, are children of grace, if you sin, you will not be forgiven.


liunn

Is demniu liunn a n-ad·chiam húa súlib ol·daas an ro·chluinemmar húa chlúasaib.

What we see with (lit. from) the eyes is more certain to us than what we hear with (lit. from) the ears.


diib

Rethit huili, et is oínḟer gaibes búaid diib inna chomalnad.

All run, and it is one man of them who gets victory for completing it (lit. in its completion).

Cía ru·bé cen ní diib, ní·rubai cenaib huli.

Though he might be without some of them, he could not be without all of them.


indí

inflection of intí:
masculine/neuter genitive singular

inflection of intí:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of intí:
masculine nominative plural


úadisi

third-person feminine singular dative emphatic of úa


íarum

masculine third-person singular dative of íar


dosom

Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.

This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.

Ní du ṡémigud pectha at·ber-som inso .i. combad dó fa·cherred: “ní sní cetid·deirgni ⁊ ní sní dud·rigni nammá”; acht is do chuingid dílguda dosom, amal du·rolged dïa aithrib íar n-immarmus.

It is not to palliate sin that he says this, i.e. so that he might put it for this: “we have not done it first and we have not done it only”; but it is to seek forgiveness for himself, as his fathers had been forgiven after sinning.

Bés as·bera-su as n‑ai⟨n⟩m dosom animus ci at·bela.

Maybe you would say that animus is its name though it may die.

third-person singular masculine dative emphatic of do


anísiu

neuter nominative/accusative singular of intísiu


intísiu

intísiu (masculine nominative)
inthísiu (masculine nominative)
indísiu (feminine nominative)
indhísiu (feminine nominative)
anísiu (neuter nominative)
indísiu (masculine nominative)
indhísiu (masculine nominative)
nahísiu (feminine neuter nominative)
innahísiu (feminine neuter nominative)
innísiu (accusative masculine)
innísiu (accusative feminine)
anísiu (accusative neuter)
nahísiu (accusative masculine)
nahísiu (accusative feminine neuter)
innahísiu (accusative masculine)
innahísiu (accusative feminine neuter)
indísiu (genitive masculine)
indhísiu (genitive masculine)
nahísiu (feminine genitive)
innahísiu (feminine genitive)
indísiu (genitive neuter)
indhísiu (genitive neuter)
nanísiu (genitive masculine)
nanísiu (feminine genitive neuter)
innanísiu (genitive masculine)
innanísiu (feminine genitive neuter)
dondísiu (dative masculine)
dondísiu (dative feminine neuter)
dondhísiu (dative masculine)
dondhísiu (dative feminine neuter)
cossindísiu (dative masculine)
cossindísiu (dative feminine neuter)
cossindhísiu (dative masculine)
cossindhísiu (dative feminine neuter)
etc. (dative masculine)
etc. (dative feminine neuter)
donaibísiu (dative masculine)
donaibísiu (dative feminine neuter)
donaibhísiu (dative masculine)
donaibhísiu (dative feminine neuter)
cosnaibísiu (dative masculine)
cosnaibísiu (dative feminine neuter)
cosnaibhísiu (dative masculine)
cosnaibhísiu (dative feminine neuter)

Is bés trá dosom anísiu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.

Hóre ammi maicc laí et soilse, ná seichem nahísiu.

Since we are children of day and light, let us not follow these things.

Fa·didmed aicned, acht dond·ecmaiṅg anísiu.

Nature would have allowed it, except that this happens.


libsi

Niba dimicthe-se libsi cía·béo i fochidib, ar [is] gloria dúibsi ón

I should not be despised by you although I may be in sufferings: for this is glory to you


nach aile

Cía techtid nach aile ní ad·chobrai-siu ⁊ ní techtai-siu ón immurgu, ní étaigther-su immanísin, .i. ní ascnae ⁊ ní charae; is sí indala ch[í]all les isindí as emulari in sin.

Though another may possess what you may desire and you do however not possess, you should not be jealous of that thing, i.e. you should not seek after and love it; that is one of the two meanings that he finds in emulari.


isindí

Univerbation of i (“in”) + *indí (“(s)he who, that which”, dative singular)

univ

Though another may possess what you may desire and you do however not possess, you should not be jealous of that thing, i.e. you should not seek after and love it; that is one of the two meanings that he finds in that which is emulari.


samlaid

third-person singular masculine neuter accusative of amal


cenaib

third-person plural accusative of cen (“without”)


chach

Lenited form of cach: alternative spelling of chách


leosom

Do·adbadar sund trá causa pro qua scripta est æpistola .i. irbága ro·bátar leosom eter desciplu et debe; óentu immurgu eter a magistru.

Here, then is shown the reason for which the epistle was written, i.e. they had had contentions and disagreements between the disciples; unity, however, among their masters.

third-person plural accusative emphatic of la


dait

second-person singular of do: to/for you sg


dúnni

Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.

Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.


dindí

Univerbation of de (“of, from”) + *indí (“(s)he who, that which”, dative singular)

Amal nád ṅdéni neutur dindí as Tiberis cía do·berthar flumen friss, síc ní déni neutur dindí as Suthul ci ad·comaltar oppidum friss.

As it does not make a neuter of [that which is] Tiberis that flumen is put with it, so it does not make a neuter of [that which is] Suthul, that oppidum is conjoined to it.


innahí

inflection of intí:
feminine genitive singular

inflection of intí:
masculine accusative plural


hésom

Alternative spelling of ésom: emphatic of hé


ésom

Léic úait inna bíada milsi et tomil innahí-siu do·mmeil do chenél arnáp hésom con·éit détso.

Put away from you sg the sweet foods, and consume those that your race consumes, so that it may not be he who is indulgent to you.


nahísiu

inflection of intísiu:
feminine genitive singular

inflection of intísiu:
feminine/neuter nominative plural


fadesin

féin
fadéin
céin
cadéin
fesin
fessin
feisin
feissin
fadesin
fadessin
fadeisin
fadeissin
fadéne
cesin
cessin
ceisin
ceissin
cadesin
cadessin
cadeisin
cadeissin
fissin
fesine
fessine
feisine
feisne
feissne
fadisin
fadesne
fadeissne
fanisin
fanissin
canisin
fedesin
fadesine
fadessine
fadeisine
fadeisne
ceisne
cadesine
cadessine
cadeisine
cadesne
fadesin
ḟadesin
fadesin

Hó goistiu .i. do·bert goiste imma brágait fadesin ɔid·marb, húare nád ndigni Abisolón a chomairli.

By a noose, i.e. he put a noose around his own neck so that it killed him, because Absalom did not follow his advice.

Is ed as·bertis b⟨a⟩ a nert fadesin imme·folnged choscur doib, níbu Día.

That is, they used to say that it was their own strength that produced victory for them, not God.


anísin

neuter nominative/accusative singular of intísin


intísin

intísin (masculine nominative)
inthísin (masculine nominative)
indísin (feminine nominative)
indhísin (feminine nominative)
anísin (neuter nominative)
indísin (masculine nominative)
indhísin (masculine nominative)
nahísin (feminine neuter nominative)
innahísin (feminine neuter nominative)
innísin (accusative masculine)
innísin (accusative feminine)
anísin (accusative neuter)
nahísin (accusative masculine)
nahísin (accusative feminine neuter)
innahísin (accusative masculine)
innahísin (accusative feminine neuter)
indísin (genitive masculine)
indhísin (genitive masculine)
nahísin (feminine genitive)
innahísin (feminine genitive)
indísin (genitive neuter)
indhísin (genitive neuter)
nanísin (genitive masculine)
nanísin (feminine genitive neuter)
innanísin (genitive masculine)
innanísin (feminine genitive neuter)
dondísin (dative masculine)
dondísin (dative feminine neuter)
dondhísin (dative masculine)
dondhísin (dative feminine neuter)
cossindísin (dative masculine)
cossindísin (dative feminine neuter)
cossindhísin (dative masculine)
cossindhísin (dative feminine neuter)
etc. (dative masculine)
etc. (dative feminine neuter)
donaibísin (dative masculine)
donaibísin (dative feminine neuter)
donaibhísin (dative masculine)
donaibhísin (dative feminine neuter)
cosnaibísin (dative masculine)
cosnaibísin (dative feminine neuter)
cosnaibhísin (dative masculine)
cosnaibhísin (dative feminine neuter)

Amal du·berad nech hi ceist do Dauid: “Húare is móir sléb fírinne Dǽ, cid ara fodmai-siu, ⟨a⟩ Dauid, didiu a ndu imnedaib ⁊ frithoircnib fo·daimi? Air it fírián-⟨s⟩u.” Ícaid-som didiu anísin, a n‑as·mbeir iudicia Domini abisus multa .i. ataat mesai Dǽ nephchomtetarrachti amal abis ⁊ amal fudumain. Is ed in sin fod·era in n‑erígim, cid ara fodaim int aís fírián inna fochaidi, ⁊ cid ara mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib.

As though someone had put as a question to David: “Because God’s righteousness is as great as a mountain, why then, David, dost thou suffer what of afflictions and injuries thou sufferest? For thou art righteous.” He solves that then when he says “iudicia Domini abyssus multa”, i.e. there are judgments of God incomprehensible like an abyss and like a depth. That is what causes the complaint why the righteous folk endure tribulations, and why sinners are in prosperity.

Is hé forcan du·rat-som forsna mmórchol du·rigénsat a námait fris, díltud remdéicsen Dǽ desom, húare nád tarat dígail forsnahí du·rigénsat in⟨na⟩hísin frissium.

It is the end that he has put on the great sins that his enemies have committed against him, the denial of God’s providence for him, because he has not inflicted punishment on those who have done those things to him.

is dó du·gníinn-se anísin, combin cosmail fri encu

It is for that [reason] that I used to do that, so that I might be like innocent ones


dúun

Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.

It would be a fruit of labor for us in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.

Alternative spelling of dúnn (first-person plural of do (“to, for”))


dínni

Is dúibsi proficit; ba coïr dúibsi cía do·berthe testas dínni.

It is you that it benefits; it would be right for you if you gave testimony of us.

Aní as·berinn cosse, is ed as·bǽr beus .i. derchoíniud du remcaisin Dǽ dínni ón.

What I used to say up to now, I will say still, namely that is the despair of us for a providence of God.


cucuibsi

Níba cuit adíll ⁊ cucuibsi, acht ainfa lib, ar nídad foirbthi-si; it foirbthi immurgu Macidonii.

It will not be merely a passing visit to you pl, but I will remain with you, for you are not perfect; the Macedonians, however, are perfect.

second-person plural emphatic of co (“to, toward”)


doibsom

Is samlid léicfimmi-ni doïbsom aisndís dint ṡéns ⁊ din mórálus, manip écóir frisin stoir ad·fíadam-ni.

It is thus we shall leave to them the exposition of the sense and the morality, if it is not at variance with the history that we relate.

Air du·roimnibetar mo popuil-se a rrecht dia n‑uilemarbae-siu a náimtea .i. mani bé nech fris·chomarr doïbsom ⁊ ⟨du⟩da·imchomarr dia chomalnad tri fochaidi ⁊ ingraimmen.

For my peoples will forget their law if you sg kill all their enemies, i.e. if there is no one who will hurt them and constrain them to fulfill it through tribulations and persecutions.

third-person plural emphatic of do (“to, for”)


nach oín

Bid sochaide a·trefea indiutsiu ⁊ bid fáilid nach oín adid·trefea.

There will be many who will dwell in thee, and anyone will be joyful who will so dwell.


indiutsiu

There will be many who will dwell in you sg, and anyone will be joyful who will so dwell.

Alternative form of indiutsu (presumably a scribal error)


indiutsu

af

in you <abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr>


frinn

Middle Irish: frinn

⇒ Irish: fruinn, frinn, froinn

Manx: rooin

Scottish Gaelic: rinn

Non·samlafammar frinn fesine.


fesine

inflection of féin:
third-person singular feminine

inflection of féin:
first/third-person plural


díimsa

is díimsa tairrchet ad·cichitis genti per mé

Of me it has been prophesied that the Gentiles will see by means of me.


fíadib

[ˈɸʲiːa̯ðɨβʲ]


dar far cenn

As·ririu-sa mo chumang dar far cenn.

I will expend my power on your pl behalf.

second-person plural of tar cenn: “for your pl sake, on your pl behalf”


dara n-ési

As·riri Día dígail dar⟨a n-⟩ési.


lesom

In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.

When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.

Is dúnn imchumurc fil isin chanóin fris·gair lessóm a n‑imchomarc n-ísiu .i. ne occideris .i. in ⸉n‑í⸊írr-siu .i. non. .i. nís·n‑ulemairbfe ci asid·roilliset.

It is to the interrogation that is in the Scripture text that this interrogation answers with him, i.e. ne occideris i.e. will you sg slay i.e. non i.e. you will not slay them all although they have deserved it.

Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doib di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coimnacuir ⁊ issi dano insin ind frescissiu co fochaid.

It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that Good would not give it to them, and [even] that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.

third-person singular accusative emphatic of la


insin

Ɔna tíssed etir in dígal; níba samlid insin, acht du·fïastar tra cenn-som.

So that the punishment should not come at all; that will not be so, but punishment will be inflicted because of them.

Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doïb di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coímnacuir ⁊ is sí dano insin ind ḟrescissiu co fochaid.

It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that God would not give it to them, and [even] that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.


lium

Co n-epred, “Du·gén a nnoíb sa ⁊ ní digén ⟨a n-⟩ærgarthae se, cid accubur lium”; ní eper insin.

So that he should say, “I will do this holy thing and I will not do this forbidden thing, though it is a desire of mine”; he does not say that.


suidib

masculine/feminine/neuter dative plural of suide


dara chenn

Taiccéra cách dara chen⟨n⟩ fessin.

third-person singular masculine/neuter of tar cenn: “for his/its sake, on his/its behalf”


húaibsi

[ˈuːa̯βʲsʲi]


daitsiu

Conda·rías .i. noch is nonda·ges ón, co nderlaig⟨e⟩ dam són innahí no·guidim daitsiu.

that I may bind them, i.e. that I pray that for them thus, that is to say, that you pl forgive me for the things that I pray for to you

second-person singular epmh of do: to/for you sg


húaim

cía nu·tíastais húaim ón


alaili

inflection of alaile:
masculine/neuter genitive singular

inflection of alaile:
feminine accusative/dative singular

inflection of alaile:
masculine nominative plural


alaile

alaile (masculine nominative singular)
alaile (feminine nominative singular)
alaill (neuter nominative singular)
alaili (masculine singular vocative)
alaile (feminine singular vocative)
alaill (neuter singular vocative)
alaile (accusative masculine singular)
alaili (accusative feminine singular)
alaill (accusative neuter singular)
alaili (genitive masculine singular)
alaile (feminine genitive singular)
alaili (genitive neuter singular)
alailiu (dative masculine singular)
alaili (dative feminine singular)
alailiu (dative neuter singular)
alaili (masculine nominative plural)
alaili (feminine neuter nominative plural)
alaili (masculine plural vocative)
alailiu (masculine plural vocative)
alaili (feminine neuter plural vocative)
alaili (accusative masculine plural)
alailiu (accusative masculine plural)
alaili (accusative feminine neuter plural)
alaile (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
alailib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Irish: araile

From Proto-Celtic *alalyos, reduplicated form of *alyos. The alternative form with r existed already in Proto-Celtic and is the source of the Brythonic forms: Breton/Welsh arall, Cornish aral.

Mát epthai día n-apallar da·bera nech do alailiu, féich dunetáiti ind.

If it be charms by which death is caused by anyone on another, a fine for murder with concealment of the body [is to be paid] for it.

Íadais indala súil connarbo lethiu andás cró snáthaidi; as·oilg alaile comba mor béolu fid-chóich.

He closed one eye so that it was no wider than the eye of a needle; he opened the other until it was as large as the mouth of a mead-goblet.

Bíthi cloï tria chossa, alaili tria bánbossa.

Nails were driven through his feet, others through his white palms.

hua détnaig a fiaclae fri alailiu

from gnashing his teeth against each other

(in the plural) some people (supplying the plural of nach in positive clauses)


tra cenn

inflection of tar cenn:
third-person singular feminine

inflection of tar cenn:
third-person plural


forunni

Is hé ru·fiastar cumachtae inna díglae do·mbi{u}r-siu húa londas, intí du·écigi{gi} is ar trócairi ⁊ censi du·bir-siu forunni siu innahí fo·daimem ré techt innúnn.

He who will know the power of the punishment which you sg inflict by means of wrath, it is he who will see that it is for the sake of mercy and gentleness that you inflict on us here the things that we suffer before going there.


donaibhí

Air cía dunaibhí do·foirmsed?

dona⟨ib⟩hí dïand·rérchoíl intí Día

to those for whom God himself has determined it

Univerbation of do (“to”) + *inaibhí (“the one who”, dative plural)


desom

third-person singular masculine/neuter dative emphatic of di


innahísin

inflection of intísin:
feminine genitive singular

inflection of intísin:
masculine accusative plural


forsnahí

Univerbation of for (“on”) + innahí (“those who”, accusative plural)

univerbation

Is hé forcan du·rat-som forsna mmórchol du·rigénsat a námait fris, díltud remdéicsen Dǽ desom, húare nád tarat dígail forsnahí du·rigénsat in⟨na⟩hísin frissium.

It is the end that he has put on the great sins that his enemies have committed against him, the denial of God’s providence for him, because he has not inflicted punishment on those who have done those things to him.


frissium

third-person singular masculine/neuter accusative emphatic of fri


foraibsom

Húare ro·comallada inna imneda ⁊ fo·ruirmed cenn forsnaib cotarsnaib du·rairngirt-siu, is fíri{ri}én trá fuä n-indas sin tabart díglae foraibsom.

Because the troubles have been fulfilled, and an end has been put to the adversities that you sg have promised, it is just, then, to inflict vengeance on them in that way.

third-person plural emphatic of for: on them


indib

Irish: ionaibh

Scottish Gaelic: annaibh

[ˈin͈ʲdʲiβʲ]

inflection of i:
third-person plural dative

Nach torbatu coitchenn ro·boí indib fri dénum n-uilc, at·rubalt tar hǽsi á pectha.

Any common advantage that had been in them for doing evil, it has perished for their sin.


dímsa

ci a{s}⟨r⟩id·roga⟨r⟩t dímsa do guidi-siu, a Dǽ

although he has forbidden me to pray to you, O God


úaib

Irish: uaibh

Manx: veue

Scottish Gaelic: uaibh, bhuaibh


lessom

third-person singular masculine emphatic of la


frinni

Middle Irish: frinni

⇒ Irish: fruinne, frinne, froinne

Manx: rooinyn

Scottish Gaelic: rinne

[ˈɸʲrʲin͈ʲi]