abb

abb (nominative singular)
abbaith (dual nominative)
abb (dual nominative)
abbaith (nominative plural)
abb (singular vocative)
abbaith (dual vocative)
abb (dual vocative)
aptha (plural vocative)
abbaith (accusative singular)
abbaith (accusative dual)
abb (accusative dual)
aptha (accusative plural)
abbath (genitive singular)
abbath (dual genitive)
abbath (genitive plural)
abbaith (dative singular)
abb (dative singular)
apthaib (dative dual)
apthaib (dative plural)
abb
n-abb


mann

mainne (genitive)
mann (nominative singular)
mann (singular vocative)
mainn (accusative singular)
mainne (genitive singular)
mainn (dative singular)
mann
also mmann after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

From Late Latin manna, from Ancient Greek μάννα (mánna), from Biblical Hebrew מָן (mān, “manna”).

Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doïb di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coimnacuir ⁊ issi dano insin ind frescissiu co fochaid.

It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that God would not give it to them, and [even] that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.


port

head

port m (genitive puirt, nominative plural puirt)

puirt (genitive)
puirt (nominative plural)
port (nominative singular)
port (dual nominative)
puirt (nominative plural)
puirt (singular vocative)
port (dual vocative)
portu (plural vocative)
port (accusative singular)
port (accusative dual)
portu (accusative plural)
puirt (genitive singular)
port (dual genitive)
port (genitive plural)
purt (dative singular)
portaib (dative dual)
portaib (dative plural)
port
phort
or unchanged
port

Irish: port

Manx: purt

Scottish Gaelic: port


amar

amar (nominative singular)
amar (dual nominative)
amar (nominative plural)
amra (nominative plural)
amar (singular vocative)
amar (dual vocative)
amar (plural vocative)
amra (plural vocative)
amar (accusative singular)
amar (accusative dual)
amar (accusative plural)
amra (accusative plural)
amair (genitive singular)
amar (dual genitive)
amar (genitive plural)
amar (dative singular)
amraib (dative dual)
amraib (dative plural)
amar
n-amar
amor (alternative)

desctree

⇒ Middle Irish: amrán
Irish: amhrán
Manx: arrane
Scottish Gaelic: òran, amhran

From Proto-Celtic *amarom (“wailing, crying”); compare Welsh afar (“lamentation”).


coin

inflection of cú:
accusative/dative singular

inflection of cú:
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


fall

head

fall f (genitive faille, nominative plural falla)

faille (genitive)
falla (nominative plural)
fall (nominative singular)
faill (dual nominative)
falla (nominative plural)
fall (singular vocative)
faill (dual vocative)
falla (plural vocative)
faill (accusative singular)
faill (accusative dual)
falla (accusative plural)
faille (genitive singular)
fall (dual genitive)
fall (genitive plural)
faill (dative singular)
fallaib (dative dual)
fallaib (dative plural)
fall
ḟall
fall
faill (alternative)

Middle Irish: faill

Irish: faill

From Proto-Celtic *walsā. Cognate to Welsh gwall and Breton gwall.


mind

mind (nominative plural)
mind (nominative singular)
mind (dual nominative)
mind (nominative plural)
minda (nominative plural)
mind (singular vocative)
mind (dual vocative)
mind (plural vocative)
mind (accusative singular)
mind (accusative dual)
mind (accusative plural)
mindo (genitive singular)
minda (genitive singular)
mindo (dual genitive)
minda (dual genitive)
mind (genitive plural)
mind (dative singular)
mindaib (dative dual)
mindaib (dative plural)
mind
also mmind after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: mionn

Scottish Gaelic: mionn

From Proto-Celtic *mandu (“mark, sign, spot”), cognate to Welsh man (“spot”).

inh

A symbol indicating honour or rank; a crown, insignia, emblem


all

Irish: aill

Scottish Gaelic: aill

From Proto-Celtic *ɸallom, from Proto-Indo-European *pels- (“stone”). Cognate with Old Norse fjall.
Apparently originally a neuter o-stem, but forms indicating a neuter u-stem or a feminine ā-stem (the form that eventually won out in the later language) are also found.


art

art (nominative singular)
art (dual nominative)
airt (nominative plural)
airt (singular vocative)
art (dual vocative)
artu (plural vocative)
art (accusative singular)
art (accusative dual)
artu (accusative plural)
airt (genitive singular)
art (dual genitive)
art (genitive plural)
art (dative singular)
artaib (dative dual)
artaib (dative plural)
art
n-art

From Proto-Celtic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Cornish arth, Welsh arth.


as

ais (genitive)
as (nominative singular)
as (dual nominative)
as (nominative plural)
asa (nominative plural)
as (singular vocative)
as (dual vocative)
as (plural vocative)
asa (plural vocative)
as (accusative singular)
as (accusative dual)
as (accusative plural)
asa (accusative plural)
ais (genitive singular)
as (dual genitive)
as (genitive plural)
as (dative singular)
asaib (dative dual)
asaib (dative plural)
as
n-as
ass (alternative)
es (alternative)

dí laulgaich deec ó mmeltar ól n-aiss ó cech áe

c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 164:

twelve milk-cows, so that drinks of milk are milked from each of them


son

son (nominative singular)
son (dual nominative)
suin (nominative plural)
suin (singular vocative)
son (dual vocative)
sunu (plural vocative)
son (accusative singular)
son (accusative dual)
sunu (accusative plural)
suin (genitive singular)
son (dual genitive)
son (genitive plural)
sun (dative singular)
sonaib (dative dual)
sonaib (dative plural)


men

mine (genitive)
men (nominative singular)
men (singular vocative)
min (accusative singular)
mine (genitive singular)
min (dative singular)
men
also mmen after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

desc

Middle Irish: min (from the dative/accusative)

Irish: min

Manx: meinn

Scottish Gaelic: min

From Proto-Celtic *menā, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *menH- (“to trample, tread”).


both

both (nominative singular)
both (singular vocative)
buith (accusative singular)
buithe (genitive singular)
buith (dative singular)


tan

tan (nominative singular)
tain (dual nominative)
tana (nominative plural)
tan (singular vocative)
tain (dual vocative)
tana (plural vocative)
tain (accusative singular)
tain (accusative dual)
tana (accusative plural)
taine (genitive singular)
tan (dual genitive)
tan (genitive plural)
tain (dative singular)
tanaib (dative dual)
tanaib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: tan
Irish: tan

From Proto-Celtic *tanā (“(point in) time”), from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂, from *ten- (“to stretch”).


dub

dubo (genitive)
dub (nominative singular)
dub (singular vocative)
dub (accusative singular)
dubo (genitive singular)
duba (genitive singular)
dub (dative singular)
dub
ndub

From Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”).

inh

ó dub glosses atramento

in maith a n-dubso amne

Memmbrum naue, droch dub! Ó, ní epur na haill.

New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.


ag

ag (nominative singular)
ag (dual nominative)
aige (nominative plural)
ag (singular vocative)
ag (dual vocative)
aige (plural vocative)
ag (accusative singular)
ag (accusative dual)
aige (accusative plural)
aige (genitive singular)
aige (dual genitive)
aige (genitive plural)
aig (dative singular)
aigib (dative dual)
aigib (dative plural)
ag
n-ag

Irish: agh

Scottish Gaelic: agh ‘heifer’

From Proto-Celtic *agos (“cow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ǵʰós. Compare Old Armenian եզն (ezn), Sanskrit अही (ahī́).


ben

head

ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)

mná (genitive)
mná (nominative plural)
ben (nominative singular)
mnaí (dual nominative)
mná (nominative plural)
ben (singular vocative)
mnaí (dual vocative)
mná (plural vocative)
bein (accusative singular)
mnaí (accusative singular)
mnaí (accusative dual)
mná (accusative plural)
mná (genitive singular)
ban (dual genitive)
ban (genitive plural)
mnaí (dative singular)
mnáib (dative dual)
mnáib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: ben

Irish: bean

Manx: ben

Scottish Gaelic: bean

⇒ Middle Irish: benagán

From Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

arna érbarthar, “Ó chretsit, nín·tá airli ar mban”

lest it be said, “Since they believed, we do not have management (?) of our women”

Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.

This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.


bran

bran m (genitive brain or broin, nominative plural brain or broin)

brain (genitive)
broin (genitive)
brain (nominative plural)
broin (nominative plural)
bran (nominative singular)
bran (dual nominative)
brain (nominative plural)
brain (singular vocative)
bran (dual vocative)
branu (plural vocative)
bran (accusative singular)
bran (accusative dual)
branu (accusative plural)
brain (genitive singular)
bran (dual genitive)
bran (genitive plural)
bran (dative singular)
branaib (dative dual)
branaib (dative plural)
bran
mbran

Irish: bran

From Primitive Irish ᚁᚏᚐᚅᚐ (brana), from Proto-Celtic *branos (“raven”), from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”) (compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna).


moro

moro
also mmoro after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


ingin

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of ingen (“daughter”):
accusative/dative singular

inflection of ingen (“daughter”):
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


ingin

inflection of ingen (“nail”):
accusative/dative singular

inflection of ingen (“nail”):
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


día

día (nominative singular)
die (nominative singular)
dé (accusative singular)
dei (accusative singular)
día (genitive singular)
die (genitive singular)
dé (dative singular)
dei (dative singular)

From Proto-Celtic *dyīus (compare Welsh dydd), from Proto-Indo-European *dyew-. Cognate with Latin diēs.


día

head

día m (genitive dé, nominative plural dé)

dé (genitive)
dé (nominative plural)
día (nominative singular)
día (dual nominative)
dé (nominative plural)
dé (singular vocative)
día (dual vocative)
déu (plural vocative)
día (accusative singular)
día (accusative dual)
déu (accusative plural)
dé (genitive singular)
día (dual genitive)
día (genitive plural)
dea (genitive plural)
día (dative singular)
déib (dative dual)
déib (dative plural)
día
ndía

Irish: dia

Manx: jee

Scottish Gaelic: dia

→ Old Norse: díar

From Proto-Celtic *deiwos (compare Welsh duw), from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (compare Sanskrit देव (devá), Latin deus, Old English Tīw (“Germanic god of heroic glory”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to shine”).

cog

Mógi sidi uili do Día; acht do·rigénsat in descipuil dechor etarru et déu diib: is hed on ɔsecha-som hic.

They are all servants to God; but the disciples had made a distinction between them and (made) gods of them; that is what he corrects here.

Níbu machdath do·rónta día dind lïac.

It was not a wonder that a god would be made of the stone.

In tan labratar ind ḟilid a persin inna ṅdea, do·gniat primam ⁊ secundam in illis.

When the poets speak in the person of the gods, they make a first and second [person] in them.


ail

head

ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)

ailech (genitive)
ailich (nominative plural)
ail (nominative singular)
ail (dual nominative)
aili (nominative plural)
ail (singular vocative)
ail (dual vocative)
aili (plural vocative)
ail (accusative singular)
ail (accusative dual)
aili (accusative plural)
alo (genitive singular)
ala (genitive singular)
alo (dual genitive)
ala (dual genitive)
aile (genitive plural)
ail (dative singular)
ailib (dative dual)
ailib (dative plural)
ail (nominative singular)
ailich (dual nominative)
ailich (nominative plural)
ail (singular vocative)
ailich (dual vocative)
ailchea (plural vocative)
ailich (accusative singular)
ailich (accusative dual)
ailchea (accusative plural)
ailech (genitive singular)
ailech (dual genitive)
ailech (genitive plural)
ailich (dative singular)
ailchib (dative dual)
ailchib (dative plural)
ail
n-ail

Middle Irish: ail

Irish: ail

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *ɸalos, from Proto-Indo-European *pels-, *pelis- (“rock, cliff”), see also German Fels (“rock”).
The declension was not stable at the start of the Old Irish period, with a shift from an i-stem declension to a k-stem declension ongoing.


bid

accusative/dative singular of buith (“being”)


bled

bled (nominative singular)
bleid (dual nominative)
bleda (nominative plural)
bled (singular vocative)
bleid (dual vocative)
bleda (plural vocative)
bleid (accusative singular)
bleid (accusative dual)
bleda (accusative plural)
bleide (genitive singular)
bled (dual genitive)
bled (genitive plural)
bleid (dative singular)
bledaib (dative dual)
bledaib (dative plural)
bled
mbled


dig

inflection of deug:
accusative/dative singular

inflection of deug:
nominative/accusative/vocative dual


fled

fled (nominative singular)
flid (dual nominative)
fleda (nominative plural)
fled (singular vocative)
flid (dual vocative)
fleda (plural vocative)
flid (accusative singular)
flid (accusative dual)
fleda (accusative plural)
flide (genitive singular)
fled (dual genitive)
fled (genitive plural)
flid (dative singular)
fledaib (dative dual)
fledaib (dative plural)
fled
ḟled
fled

desctree

Irish: fleá, fleadh, fleidh
→ English: fleadh

Manx: fleah

Scottish Gaelic: fleadh

From Proto-Celtic *wlidā (compare Welsh gwledd).


lie

lïac (genitive)
lïacc (genitive)
lie (nominative singular)
liic (dual nominative)
liic (nominative plural)
lie (singular vocative)
liic (dual vocative)
lïaca (plural vocative)
liic (accusative singular)
lieic (accusative singular)
liic (accusative dual)
lïaca (accusative plural)
lïac (genitive singular)
lïacc (genitive singular)
lïac (dual genitive)
lïacc (dual genitive)
lïac (genitive plural)
lïacc (genitive plural)
liic (dative singular)
lieic (dative singular)
lïacaib (dative dual)
lïacaib (dative plural)
lie
also llie after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

→ Breton: liac'h

Middle Irish: lía

Irish: lia

From Proto-Celtic *līwanks (compare *līwos), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁w- (“stone”) (compare Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Albanian lerë (“boulder”)).

In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.

The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit against it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes

Níbu machdath do·rónta día dind lïac.


cell

cell (nominative singular)
ceill (dual nominative)
cill (dual nominative)
cella (nominative plural)
cell (singular vocative)
ceill (dual vocative)
cill (dual vocative)
cella (plural vocative)
ceill (accusative singular)
cill (accusative singular)
ceill (accusative dual)
cill (accusative dual)
cella (accusative plural)
cille (genitive singular)
cell (dual genitive)
cell (genitive plural)
ceill (dative singular)
cill (dative singular)
cellaib (dative dual)
cellaib (dative plural)
cell
chell
cell

Irish: cill

Manx: keeill

Scottish Gaelic: cill


cloth

head

cloth n (genitive cluith, nominative plural clotha)

cluith (genitive)
clotha (nominative plural)
cloth (nominative singular)
cloth (dual nominative)
cloth (nominative plural)
clotha (nominative plural)
cloth (singular vocative)
cloth (dual vocative)
cloth (plural vocative)
clotha (plural vocative)
cloth (accusative singular)
cloth (accusative dual)
cloth (accusative plural)
clotha (accusative plural)
cluith (genitive singular)
cloth (dual genitive)
cloth (genitive plural)
cloth (dative singular)
clothaib (dative dual)
clothaib (dative plural)
cluith
chluith
cluith

Middle Irish: cloth

Irish: cloth

Scottish Gaelic: clòth

From Proto-Celtic *klutom (compare Welsh clod), nominalization of Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós (“famous”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλυτός (klutós, “famous”), Sanskrit श्रुत (śruta, “famous”), and English loud.


cloud

cloüd (canonical masculine)
cloita (genitive)
cloud (nominative singular)
cloud (singular vocative)
cloud (accusative singular)
clótho (genitive singular)
cloita (genitive singular)
cloud (dative singular)
cloüd
chloüd
cloüd

Middle Irish: clód

Irish: cló

Scottish Gaelic: clòthadh

Do chloud tra in dligid-sin, ro·gabad in-salm-so.

To overthrow this view, then, this psalm was sung.


brain

inflection of bran:
vocative/genitive singular


ball

ball (nominative singular)
ball (dual nominative)
baill (nominative plural)
baill (singular vocative)
ball (dual vocative)
baullu (plural vocative)
bullu (plural vocative)
ball (accusative singular)
ball (accusative dual)
baullu (accusative plural)
bullu (accusative plural)
baill (genitive singular)
ball (dual genitive)
ball (genitive plural)
baull (dative singular)
ballaib (dative dual)
ballaib (dative plural)
baill
mbaill

Irish: ball

Scottish Gaelic: ball

Mani ro{i}ma fora cenn, ní mema forsna bullu.

If their head is not defeated, the members will not be defeated.


bir

bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)

bero (genitive)
bera (genitive)
beura (nominative plural)
bir (nominative singular)
biur (nominative singular)
bir (dual nominative)
biur (dual nominative)
beura (nominative plural)
bira (nominative plural)
bir (singular vocative)
biur (singular vocative)
bir (dual vocative)
biur (dual vocative)
beura (plural vocative)
bir (accusative singular)
biur (accusative singular)
bir (accusative dual)
biur (accusative dual)
beura (accusative plural)
bero (genitive singular)
bera (genitive singular)
bero (dual genitive)
bera (dual genitive)
berae (genitive plural)
biur (dative singular)
beraib (dative dual)
beraib (dative plural)
biur (alternative)

Irish: bior

Scottish Gaelic: bior

beura glosses sudes (“stake”)


bir

bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)

From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.

bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur

spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well


lem

lim (genitive)
lem (nominative singular)
lem (dual nominative)
lim (nominative plural)
lim (singular vocative)
lem (dual vocative)
lemu (plural vocative)
lem (accusative singular)
lem (accusative dual)
lemu (accusative plural)
lim (genitive singular)
lem (dual genitive)
lem (genitive plural)
lem (dative singular)
lemaib (dative dual)
lemaib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *limos (compare Welsh llwyf, from a variant *leimos), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”); compare Latin ulmus.


dead

deïd (genitive)
dead (nominative singular)
dead (singular vocative)
dead (accusative singular)
deïd (genitive singular)
dïud (dative singular)
deüd (dative singular)
dead
ndead
dïad (alternative)

Irish: diaidh

desc

⇒ Middle Irish: co dead (“forever”, literally “to the end”)

Irish: go deo

Scottish Gaelic: dèidh

Manx: jei

From Proto-Celtic *dīwedom, verbal noun of *dīwedeti (“to stop”) (whence Welsh diwedd (“end, ending”)).


long

head

long f (genitive lungae, nominative plural longa)

lungae (genitive)
longa (nominative plural)
long (nominative singular)
loing (dual nominative)
luing (dual nominative)
longa (nominative plural)
long (singular vocative)
loing (dual vocative)
luing (dual vocative)
longa (plural vocative)
loing (accusative singular)
luing (accusative singular)
loing (accusative dual)
luing (accusative dual)
longa (accusative plural)
lungae (genitive singular)
long (dual genitive)
long (genitive plural)
loing (dative singular)
luing (dative singular)
longaib (dative dual)
longaib (dative plural)
long
also llong after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: long

Manx: lhong

Scottish Gaelic: long

Generally assumed to be a Latin loan, from (navis) longa, but Joseph Loth believed it to be from Proto-Celtic *longā; either way, cognate to Welsh llong.


sal

saile (genitive)
sal (nominative singular)
sail (dual nominative)
sala (nominative plural)
sal (singular vocative)
sail (dual vocative)
sala (plural vocative)
sail (accusative singular)
sail (accusative dual)
sala (accusative plural)
saile (genitive singular)
sal (dual genitive)
sal (genitive plural)
sail (dative singular)
salaib (dative dual)
salaib (dative plural)
sal
ṡal

Irish: sail

Scottish Gaelic: sal

.i. ní do is ainm du grés pullutum dun elled ass·lentar huanaib salaib corpt[h]aib acht is ainm cac[h] la cein du cach escmun as·lentar hua drochgnimaib.

It is not for that the term pollutum refers to pollution whereby one is defiled by bodily stains; other times, it is also a term for every impure one who is defiled by bad deeds.


loch

locho (genitive)
loch (nominative singular)
loch (dual nominative)
loch (nominative plural)
locha (nominative plural)
loch (singular vocative)
loch (dual vocative)
loch (plural vocative)
loch (accusative singular)
loch (accusative dual)
loch (accusative plural)
locho (genitive singular)
locha (genitive singular)
locho (dual genitive)
locha (dual genitive)
loch (genitive plural)
loch (dative singular)
lochaib (dative dual)
lochaib (dative plural)

desctree

Irish: loch
→ English: lough
→ Yola: Lough

Manx: logh

Scottish Gaelic: loch
→ Middle English: lough, loch, louche, luh
English: lough, loch
Scots: loch

From Proto-Celtic *loku, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus. Welsh llwch, Breton loc'h, and Cornish logh might be borrowed from Old Irish.


brat

broite (genitive)
brat (nominative singular)
broit (dual nominative)
brata (nominative plural)
brat (singular vocative)
broit (dual vocative)
brata (plural vocative)
broit (accusative singular)
broit (accusative dual)
brata (accusative plural)
broite (genitive singular)
brat (dual genitive)
brat (genitive plural)
broit (dative singular)
brataib (dative dual)
brataib (dative plural)
brat
mbrat

Irish: brad

desc

Middle Irish: broit (originally the dative)

Irish: broid


moth

moth (nominative singular)
muith (singular vocative)
moth (accusative singular)
muith (genitive singular)
moth (dative singular)
muth (dative singular)
moth
also mmoth after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

The word also carried the original meaning of "male organ," from Proto-Celtic *muto-, from Proto-Indo-European *mHú-to- (“strong one”), perhaps later "penis," related to Hittite [script needed] (mūwa, “something awe-inspiring”) and Luwian [script needed] (mūwa-, “to overpower”), possibly also Latin muto (“penis”).

cog

cia beith ar n‑acathar nech inna rétu inducbaidi in betha so, arnach·corathar i mmoth ⁊ machthad dia seirc ⁊ dia n‑accubur

though it be that someone sees the glorious things of this world, that he may not be put in stupor and admiration by love for them and by desire for them


arbor

head

arbor n (genitive arbae, nominative plural arbann)

arbae (genitive)
arbann (nominative plural)
arbor (nominative singular)
arban (nominative plural)
arbor (singular vocative)
arban (plural vocative)
arbor (accusative singular)
arban (accusative plural)
arbae (genitive singular)
arban (genitive plural)
arbaim (dative singular)
arbanaib (dative plural)
arbor
n-arbor

Irish: arbhar

Manx: arroo

Scottish Gaelic: arbhar

From Proto-Celtic *arwar, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-.


boc

boc m (genitive buic, nominative plural buic)

buic (genitive)
buic (nominative plural)
boc (nominative singular)
bocc (nominative singular)
boc (dual nominative)
bocc (dual nominative)
buic (nominative plural)
buicc (nominative plural)
buic (singular vocative)
buicc (singular vocative)
boc (dual vocative)
bocc (dual vocative)
buccu (plural vocative)
boc (accusative singular)
bocc (accusative singular)
boc (accusative dual)
bocc (accusative dual)
buccu (accusative plural)
buic (genitive singular)
buicc (genitive singular)
boc (dual genitive)
bocc (dual genitive)
boc (genitive plural)
bocc (genitive plural)
buc (dative singular)
bucc (dative singular)
bocaib (dative dual)
bocaib (dative plural)
boc
mboc
bocc (alternative)

Irish: boc

Scottish Gaelic: boc

Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.

It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.


cor

cuir (genitive)
cor (nominative singular)
cuir (singular vocative)
cor (accusative singular)
cuir (genitive singular)
cor (dative singular)
cor
chor
cor

Middle Irish: cor

Irish: cor, cur

Scottish Gaelic: cur

Manx: cur

Inherited from Proto-Celtic *koros (“casting, a throw”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn”).


dam

daim (genitive)
dam (nominative singular)
dam (dual nominative)
daim (nominative plural)
doim (nominative plural)
daim (singular vocative)
doim (singular vocative)
dam (dual vocative)
daumu (plural vocative)
dumu (plural vocative)
damu (plural vocative)
dam (accusative singular)
dam (accusative dual)
daumu (accusative plural)
dumu (accusative plural)
damu (accusative plural)
daim (genitive singular)
doim (genitive singular)
dam (dual genitive)
dam (genitive plural)
daum (dative singular)
dum (dative singular)
dam (dative singular)
damaib (dative dual)
damaib (dative plural)

desctree

Middle Irish: dam
Irish: damh
Manx: dow
Scottish Gaelic: damh

From Proto-Celtic *damos, from Proto-Indo-European *dm̥h₂-ó- (“bull”) (compare Albanian dem (“bullock”), Ancient Greek δάμαλος (dámalos, “calf”)), from *demh₂- (“to tame”) (compare Old Irish daimid (“to allow, give in”), Latin domō, English tame).

.i. do·fuáircc .i. ar is bés leosom in daim do thúarcuin ind arbe

Which tramples, i.e. for it is custom among them to have the oxen trample on the corn.


dam

hind, cow (old feminine form of previous)


atom

atom (nominative singular)
atom (dual nominative)
atoim (nominative plural)
atoim (singular vocative)
atom (dual vocative)
atomu (plural vocative)
atom (accusative singular)
atom (accusative dual)
atomu (accusative plural)
atoim (genitive singular)
atom (dual genitive)
atom (genitive plural)
atom (dative singular)
atomaib (dative dual)
atomaib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: atam
Irish: adamh


dord

duird (genitive)
dord (nominative singular)
duird (singular vocative)
dord (accusative singular)
duird (genitive singular)
dord (dative singular)
dord
ndord

Irish: dord

From Proto-Celtic *dor-d-, from imitative Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-, *dʰreh₁n- (“drone; to murmur”), see also English drone, dor and Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “dirge, lament”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


ar

aire (genitive)
ar (nominative singular)
ar (dual nominative)
ar (nominative plural)
ara (nominative plural)
ar (singular vocative)
ar (dual vocative)
ar (plural vocative)
ara (plural vocative)
ar (accusative singular)
ar (accusative dual)
ar (accusative plural)
ara (accusative plural)
air (genitive singular)
ar (dual genitive)
ar (genitive plural)
ar (dative singular)
araib (dative dual)
araib (dative plural)
ar (nominative singular)
ar (dual nominative)
aire (nominative plural)
ar (singular vocative)
ar (dual vocative)
aire (plural vocative)
ar (accusative singular)
ar (accusative dual)
aire (accusative plural)
aire (genitive singular)
aire (dual genitive)
aire (genitive plural)
air (dative singular)
airib (dative dual)
airib (dative plural)
ar
n-ar

Middle Irish: ar m

Irish: ar m

From Proto-Celtic *arom, whence also Welsh âr; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”).

der

verbal noun of airid: ploughing, tilling


net

head

net m (genitive nit, nominative plural nit)

nit (genitive)
nit (nominative plural)
net (nominative singular)
net (dual nominative)
nit (nominative plural)
nit (singular vocative)
net (dual vocative)
nitu (plural vocative)
net (accusative singular)
net (accusative dual)
nitu (accusative plural)
nit (genitive singular)
net (dual genitive)
net (genitive plural)
net (dative singular)
netaib (dative dual)
netaib (dative plural)

Irish: nead

Scottish Gaelic: nead

Manx: edd (“nest”)

From Proto-Celtic *nizdos, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós.


sine

sine (nominative singular)
sine (dual nominative)
sini (nominative plural)
sini (singular vocative)
sine (dual vocative)
siniu (plural vocative)
sine (accusative singular)
sine (accusative dual)
siniu (accusative plural)
sini (genitive singular)
sine (dual genitive)
sine (genitive plural)
siniu (dative singular)
sinib (dative dual)
sinib (dative plural)
sine (nominative singular)
sinid (dual nominative)
sine (dual nominative)
sinid (nominative plural)
sine (singular vocative)
sinid (dual vocative)
sine (dual vocative)
sineda (plural vocative)
sinid (accusative singular)
sinid (accusative dual)
sine (accusative dual)
sineda (accusative plural)
sined (genitive singular)
sined (dual genitive)
sined (genitive plural)
sinid (dative singular)
sinedaib (dative dual)
sinedaib (dative plural)
sine
ṡine
sine
phine
fine

Irish: sine

Manx: sheeiney

Scottish Gaelic: sine

desc

⇒ Middle Irish: triphne (“having three teats”)

From Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, itself from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn.


sail

sailech (genitive)
sail (nominative singular)
sailig (dual nominative)
sailig (nominative plural)
sail (singular vocative)
sailig (dual vocative)
sailecha (plural vocative)
sailig (accusative singular)
sailig (accusative dual)
sailecha (accusative plural)
sailech (genitive singular)
sailech (dual genitive)
sailech (genitive plural)
sailig (dative singular)
sailechaib (dative dual)
sailechaib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: sail

Irish: sail

⇒ Middle Irish: *sailech

Irish: saileach

Manx: shellagh

Scottish Gaelic: seileach

From Proto-Celtic *salixs (whence also Welsh helyg, Breton halegen), seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂el-ik-s or *sl̥h₂-ik-s. Cognate with Latin salix, Old English sealh (English sallow), and Ancient Greek ἑλίκη (helíkē), which all mean "willow", but the forms are hard to unify. The history of the word therefore must involve borrowing, possibly involving pre-Indo-European languages. Cognate with Latin salix, Old English sealh (English sallow), and Ancient Greek ἑλίκη (helíkē), which all mean "willow", but the forms are hard to unify. The history of the word therefore must involve borrowing, possibly involving pre-Indo-European languages.

willow (any of various trees or shrubs in the genus Salix)


sail

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of sal:
dative/accusative singular

inflection of sal:
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


nem

head

nem n (genitive nime, nominative plural nime)

nime (genitive)
nime (nominative plural)
nem (nominative singular)
nem (dual nominative)
nime (nominative plural)
nem (singular vocative)
nem (dual vocative)
nime (plural vocative)
nem (accusative singular)
nem (accusative dual)
nime (accusative plural)
nime (genitive singular)
nime (dual genitive)
nime (genitive plural)
nim (dative singular)
nimib (dative dual)
nimib (dative plural)
nem
also nnem after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: neamh

Manx: niau

Scottish Gaelic: nèamh

From Proto-Celtic *nemos, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.

Ní hed not·beir i nem, cía ba loingthech.

It is not this that brings you sg into heaven, that you may be gluttonous.

Ci as·bera nech ro·pïa nem cía du·gneid na rétu sa, nípa fír.

Even if anyone says you pl will have heaven although you do these things, it will not be true.


sel

sel (nominative singular)
sel (dual nominative)
sil (nominative plural)
sil (singular vocative)
sel (dual vocative)
selu (plural vocative)
sel (accusative singular)
sel (accusative dual)
selu (accusative plural)
sil (genitive singular)
sel (dual genitive)
sel (genitive plural)
sel (dative singular)
selaib (dative dual)
selaib (dative plural)
sel
phel
fel

Middle Irish: sel

Irish: seal

Manx: shayll

Scottish Gaelic: seal (“while”)

⇒ Middle Irish: dessel

desctree

Irish: deiseal
→ English: deiseal, deisal, deasil, deisul, deshil

Scottish Gaelic: deiseil

⇒ Middle Irish: túaithbel

Irish: tuathal

Scottish Gaelic: tuathal


land

land
also lland after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


cos

head

cos f (genitive coise, nominative plural cossa)

coise (genitive)
cossa (nominative plural)
cos (nominative singular)
cois (dual nominative)
cosa (nominative plural)
cossa (nominative plural)
cos (singular vocative)
cois (dual vocative)
cosa (plural vocative)
cossa (plural vocative)
cois (accusative singular)
cois (accusative dual)
cosa (accusative plural)
cossa (accusative plural)
coise (genitive singular)
cos (dual genitive)
cos (genitive plural)
cois (dative singular)
cosaib (dative dual)
cosaib (dative plural)
cos
chos
cos

Irish: cos

Manx: cass

Scottish Gaelic: cas

From Proto-Celtic *koxsā (cf. Welsh coes), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *koḱs-. Cognate with Latin coxa (“hip”).


don

Irish: don


main

main
also mmain after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


mug

mug (nominative singular)
mug (dual nominative)
mogæ (nominative plural)
moge (nominative plural)
moga (nominative plural)
mug (singular vocative)
mug (dual vocative)
mogu (plural vocative)
mug (accusative singular)
mug (accusative dual)
mogu (accusative plural)
mogo (genitive singular)
moga (genitive singular)
mogo (dual genitive)
moga (dual genitive)
mogæ (genitive plural)
moge (genitive plural)
mug (dative singular)
mogaib (dative dual)
mogaib (dative plural)
mug
also mmug after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: mogh

From Proto-Celtic *mogus, from Proto-Indo-European *mogʰus (“young person”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌿𐍃 (magus, “boy”).

inh

Mógi sidi uili do Día; acht do·rigénsat in descipuil dechor etarru et déu diib: is hed on ɔsecha-som hic.


ros

head

ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

ruis (genitive)
ruis (nominative plural)
ros (nominative singular)
ros (dual nominative)
ruis (nominative plural)
ruis (singular vocative)
ros (dual vocative)
rusu (plural vocative)
ros (accusative singular)
ros (accusative dual)
rusu (accusative plural)
ruis (genitive singular)
ros (dual genitive)
ros (genitive plural)
rus (dative singular)
rosaib (dative dual)
rosaib (dative plural)

Irish: ros (“wood”)

Scottish Gaelic: ros (“promontory”)

From Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”). The same construction as Sanskrit प्रस्थ (prastha, “plateau”), but probably coined separately in the two languages.

wood, that is, a triad of meanings, that is, a wood of yellow trees, […]

ross .i. trēde fordingair .i. ros fidbuide, […]


ros

ruis (genitive)
ruis (nominative plural)
ros (nominative singular)
ros (dual nominative)
ruis (nominative plural)
ruis (singular vocative)
ros (dual vocative)
rusu (plural vocative)
ros (accusative singular)
ros (accusative dual)
rusu (accusative plural)
ruis (genitive singular)
ros (dual genitive)
ros (genitive plural)
rus (dative singular)
rosaib (dative dual)
rosaib (dative plural)
ros
also rros after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: ros (“linseed”)

Scottish Gaelic: ros (“linseed”)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so-, which is most likely a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language. See also Latin porrum (“leek”), English furze, and possibly Ancient Greek πράσον (práson, “leek”).

ros līn
linseed


less

lesso (genitive)
less (nominative singular)
less (dual nominative)
lessae (nominative plural)
less (singular vocative)
less (dual vocative)
lessu (plural vocative)
less (accusative singular)
less (accusative dual)
lessu (accusative plural)
lesso (genitive singular)
lessa (genitive singular)
lesso (dual genitive)
lessa (dual genitive)
lessae (genitive plural)
less (dative singular)
lessaib (dative dual)
lessaib (dative plural)
les (alternative)

Irish: leas

Manx: lhiass

Scottish Gaelic: leas

Derived by Irslinger from Proto-Celtic *lexstus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek- (“to protect”).
An old etymology suggested by Stokes derives this from Proto-Celtic *lesso-, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”), similar to Proto-Slavic *plodъ (“fruit”). However, the advent of laryngeal theory makes this etymology impossible, and Irslinger criticizes this derivation for having an unclear suffixation process.


recht

head

recht m (genitive rechto or rechta, nominative plural rechtae)

rechto (genitive)
rechta (genitive)
rechtae (nominative plural)
recht (nominative singular)
rect (nominative singular)
recht (dual nominative)
rect (dual nominative)
rechtae (nominative plural)
recte (nominative plural)
recht (singular vocative)
rect (singular vocative)
recht (dual vocative)
rect (dual vocative)
rechtu (plural vocative)
recht (accusative singular)
rect (accusative singular)
recht (accusative dual)
rect (accusative dual)
rechtu (accusative plural)
rechto (genitive singular)
recto (genitive singular)
rectto (genitive singular)
recta (genitive singular)
rechta (genitive singular)
rechto (dual genitive)
recto (dual genitive)
rectto (dual genitive)
recta (dual genitive)
rechta (dual genitive)
rechtae (genitive plural)
recht (dative singular)
rect (dative singular)
rechtaib (dative dual)
rechtaib (dative plural)
rect (alternative)

Irish: reacht

Scottish Gaelic: reachd

From Proto-Celtic *rextus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-tus. Cognate with Welsh rhaith (“a right, entitlement”) (from Proto-Brythonic *rreiθ (“rule, law”)) and indirectly German Recht (“law”) (from Proto-Germanic *rehtą (“a right, privilege”)).


recht

recht (nominative singular)
recht (dual nominative)
rechtae (nominative plural)
recht (singular vocative)
recht (dual vocative)
rechtu (plural vocative)
recht (accusative singular)
recht (accusative dual)
rechtu (accusative plural)
rechto (genitive singular)
rechta (genitive singular)
rechto (dual genitive)
rechta (dual genitive)
rechtae (genitive plural)
recht (dative singular)
rechtaib (dative dual)
rechtaib (dative plural)
recht
also rrecht after a proclitic
ending in a vowel
rect (alternative)

Irish: racht

Possibly related to Proto-Germanic *rōkijaną (“to care for, worry about”). If so, ultimately cognate to Etymology 1 above.

paroxysm, outburst (of anger, passion, etc.)


cob

cuib (genitive)
cob (nominative singular)
cob (dual nominative)
cob (nominative plural)
coba (nominative plural)
cob (singular vocative)
cob (dual vocative)
cob (plural vocative)
coba (plural vocative)
cob (accusative singular)
cob (accusative dual)
cob (accusative plural)
coba (accusative plural)
cuib (genitive singular)
cob (dual genitive)
cob (genitive plural)
cob (dative singular)
cobaib (dative dual)
cobaib (dative plural)
cob
chob
cob

From Proto-Indo-European *kob- (“good fortune, prophecy”). Cognate with Old Norse happ (“good luck”) and Old Church Slavonic кобь (kobĭ, “fate”).


doe

head

döe f (genitive doat, nominative plural doit)

döe (canonical feminine)
doat (genitive)
doit (nominative plural)
doe (nominative singular)
doit (dual nominative)
doit (nominative plural)
doe (singular vocative)
doit (dual vocative)
doitea (plural vocative)
doit (accusative singular)
doit (accusative dual)
doitea (accusative plural)
doat (genitive singular)
doat (dual genitive)
doat (genitive plural)
doit (dative singular)
doitib (dative dual)
doitib (dative plural)
doe
ndoe

Middle Irish: dóit

Irish: dóid


ler

lir (genitive)
ler (nominative singular)
ler (dual nominative)
lir (nominative plural)
lir (singular vocative)
ler (dual vocative)
liru (plural vocative)
ler (accusative singular)
ler (accusative dual)
liru (accusative plural)
lir (genitive singular)
ler (dual genitive)
ler (genitive plural)
liur (dative singular)
leraib (dative dual)
leraib (dative plural)
ler (nominative singular)
ler (dual nominative)
ler (nominative plural)
lera (nominative plural)
ler (singular vocative)
ler (dual vocative)
ler (plural vocative)
lera (plural vocative)
ler (accusative singular)
ler (accusative dual)
ler (accusative plural)
lera (accusative plural)
lir (genitive singular)
ler (dual genitive)
ler (genitive plural)
liur (dative singular)
leraib (dative dual)
leraib (dative plural)
ler
also ller after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: lear

Scottish Gaelic: lear

From Proto-Celtic *liros, either borrowed from an unknown substrate language or from Proto-Indo-European *leyH-. Cognate with Welsh llŷr.


bos

bos (nominative singular)
bois (dual nominative)
boiss (dual nominative)
bossa (nominative plural)
bos (singular vocative)
bois (dual vocative)
boiss (dual vocative)
bossa (plural vocative)
bois (accusative singular)
boiss (accusative singular)
bois (accusative dual)
boiss (accusative dual)
bossa (accusative plural)
boise (genitive singular)
bos (dual genitive)
bos (genitive plural)
bois (dative singular)
boiss (dative singular)
bossaib (dative dual)
bossaib (dative plural)
bos
mbos


dom

dom (nominative singular)
dom (dual nominative)
domae (nominative plural)
dom (singular vocative)
dom (dual vocative)
domu (plural vocative)
dom (accusative singular)
dom (accusative dual)
domu (accusative plural)
domo (genitive singular)
doma (genitive singular)
domo (dual genitive)
doma (dual genitive)
domae (genitive plural)
doim (dative singular)
domaib (dative dual)
domaib (dative plural)

Scottish Gaelic: domh

From Proto-Indo-European *dṓm, from the root *dem- (“to build”).


guide

guide f (genitive guide, nominative plural guidi)

guide (genitive)
guidi (nominative plural)
guide (nominative singular)
guidi (dual nominative)
guidi (nominative plural)
guide (singular vocative)
guidi (dual vocative)
guidi (plural vocative)
guidi (accusative singular)
guidi (accusative dual)
guidi (accusative plural)
guide (genitive singular)
guide (dual genitive)
guide (genitive plural)
guidi (dative singular)
guidib (dative dual)
guidib (dative plural)
guide
nguide

Irish: guí

Manx: gwee (“curse, imprecation”)

Scottish Gaelic: guidhe

From Proto-Celtic *gʷedyā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰedʰ-yeh₂.

ci a{s}⟨r⟩id·roga⟨r⟩t dímsa do guidi-siu, a Dǽ

although he has forbidden me to pray to you, O God

In guide ro·ngád-sa, ní ar ulc fri doíni.

c. 808, Félire Oengusso, Epilogue, line 421; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:

The prayer that I have prayed, it is not for evil onto humanity.


demon

demon m (genitive demuin, nominative plural demna)

demuin (genitive)
demna (nominative plural)
demon (nominative singular)
demun (nominative singular)
demon (dual nominative)
demun (dual nominative)
demna (nominative plural)
demuin (singular vocative)
demon (dual vocative)
demun (dual vocative)
demnu (plural vocative)
demon (accusative singular)
demun (accusative singular)
demon (accusative dual)
demun (accusative dual)
demnai (accusative plural)
demuin (genitive singular)
demon (dual genitive)
demun (dual genitive)
demon (genitive plural)
demun (genitive plural)
demne (genitive plural)
demon (dative singular)
demun (dative singular)
demnaib (dative dual)
demnib (dative dual)
demnaib (dative plural)
demnib (dative plural)
demon
ndemon
demun (alternative)

Irish: deamhan

Scottish Gaelic: deamhan

From Latin daemōn, from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn), though the plural seems to be from daemonia, the plural of the diminutive daemonium.

arna dich cách assa dligud i n-adaltras tri láthar demuin et tri bar nebcongabthetit-si

lest everyone go out of his duty into adultery through the Devil’s machination and through your incontinence


ló

ló
also lló after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


liter

liter (nominative singular)
litir (dual nominative)
litre (nominative plural)
litrae (nominative plural)
litri (nominative plural)
liter (singular vocative)
litir (dual vocative)
litre (plural vocative)
litrae (plural vocative)
litri (plural vocative)
litir (accusative singular)
litir (accusative dual)
litre (accusative plural)
litrae (accusative plural)
litri (accusative plural)
litre (genitive singular)
litrae (genitive singular)
liter (dual genitive)
liter (genitive plural)
litir (dative singular)
litrib (dative dual)
litrib (dative plural)
liter
also lliter after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: litir

Manx: lettyr

Scottish Gaelic: litir

(in the plural) act of writing, (Christianity) written law


tech

tech n (genitive tige or taige, nominative plural tige or taige)

tige (genitive)
taige (genitive)
tige (nominative plural)
taige (nominative plural)
tech (nominative singular)
teg (nominative singular)
tech (dual nominative)
teg (dual nominative)
tige (nominative plural)
taige (nominative plural)
tech (singular vocative)
teg (singular vocative)
tech (dual vocative)
teg (dual vocative)
tige (plural vocative)
taige (plural vocative)
tech (accusative singular)
teg (accusative singular)
tech (accusative dual)
teg (accusative dual)
tige (accusative plural)
taige (accusative plural)
tige (genitive singular)
taige (genitive singular)
tige (dual genitive)
taige (dual genitive)
tige (genitive plural)
taige (genitive plural)
tig (dative singular)
taig (dative singular)
tigib (dative dual)
tigib (dative plural)
tech
thech
tech
teg (alternative)

Irish: teach

Manx: çhagh, thie

Scottish Gaelic: taigh

⇒ Middle Irish: tech midchuarta

⇒ Middle Irish: tech n-óil

⇒ Middle Irish: tech talman

⇒ Classical Gaelic: teach othuir

From Proto-Celtic *tegos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tégos (“cover, roof”), from *(s)teg- (“to cover”); cognate with Ancient Greek τέγος (tégos).
The -ch is analogical to other nouns and adjectives where final non-palatal -ch alternates with palatal -ig.


aer

head

aer m (genitive aeir, nominative plural aeir)

aeir (genitive)
aeir (nominative plural)
aer (nominative singular)
aer (dual nominative)
aeir (nominative plural)
aeir (singular vocative)
aer (dual vocative)
aeru (plural vocative)
aer (accusative singular)
aer (accusative dual)
aeru (accusative plural)
aeir (genitive singular)
aer (dual genitive)
aer (genitive plural)
aer (dative singular)
aeraib (dative dual)
aeraib (dative plural)
aer
n-aer

Irish: aer, aidhéar

Manx: aer

Scottish Gaelic: adhar

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).


bun

bun m (genitive bona, nominative plural bonai)

bona (genitive)
bonai (nominative plural)
bun (nominative singular)
bun (dual nominative)
bonae (nominative plural)
bun (singular vocative)
bun (dual vocative)
bonu (plural vocative)
bun (accusative singular)
bun (accusative dual)
bonu (accusative plural)
bono (genitive singular)
bona (genitive singular)
bono (dual genitive)
bona (dual genitive)
bonae (genitive plural)
bun (dative singular)
bonaib (dative dual)
bonaib (dative plural)
bun
mbun

Irish: bun

Manx: bun

Scottish Gaelic: bun

From Proto-Celtic *bonus. Cognate with Welsh bôn.


format

format (nominative singular)
format (dual nominative)
format (nominative plural)
formata (nominative plural)
format (singular vocative)
format (dual vocative)
format (plural vocative)
formata (plural vocative)
format (accusative singular)
format (accusative dual)
format (accusative plural)
formata (accusative plural)
formait (genitive singular)
format (dual genitive)
format (genitive plural)
formut (dative singular)
formataib (dative dual)
formataib (dative plural)
format
ḟormat
format

Irish: formad

Scottish Gaelic: farmad

From Proto-Celtic *uɸor-men-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over”) + *men- (“to think”). Cognate to archaic Welsh gorfynt (“ambition, jealousy”).

8th century, St. Patrick's Breastplate
Cech duine nos·géba cech dia co n-innithem léir i nDia, ní thairisfet demna fria gnúis, bid dítin dó ar cech neim ⁊ ḟormat, bid cóemna dó fri dianbas, bid lúrech dia anmain iarna étsecht.

When anyone shall repeat it every day with diligent intentness on God, devils shall not dare to face him, it shall be a protection to him against every poison and envy, it shall be a defence to him against sudden death, it shall be a corslet to his soul after his death.

Ní ar formut frib-si as·biur-sa inso.

It is not because of envy towards you that I say this.


ord

ord m (genitive uird, nominative plural uird)

uird (genitive)
uird (nominative plural)
ord (nominative singular)
ord (dual nominative)
uird (nominative plural)
uird (singular vocative)
ord (dual vocative)
ordu (plural vocative)
ord (accusative singular)
ord (accusative dual)
ordu (accusative plural)
uird (genitive singular)
ord (dual genitive)
ord (genitive plural)
ord (dative singular)
ordaib (dative dual)
ordaib (dative plural)
ordd (alternative)

Irish: ord

Manx: oard

Scottish Gaelic: òrd

From Proto-Celtic *ordos (whence also Welsh gordd and Breton horzh). Connections outside Celtic are uncertain, but it may be related to Old Armenian ուռն (uṙn, “hammer”).


ord

uird (genitive)
uird (nominative plural)
ord (nominative singular)
ord (dual nominative)
uird (nominative plural)
uird (singular vocative)
ord (dual vocative)
ordu (plural vocative)
ord (accusative singular)
ord (accusative dual)
ordu (accusative plural)
uird (genitive singular)
ord (dual genitive)
ord (genitive plural)
ord (dative singular)
ordaib (dative dual)
ordaib (dative plural)
ord
n-ord
ordd (alternative)

Irish: ord

Scottish Gaelic: òrd


ess

Alternative form of es (“cataract, rapid”) m


mac

mac m (genitive maic or meic, nominative plural maic or meic)

maic (genitive)
meic (genitive)
maic (nominative plural)
meic (nominative plural)
mac (nominative singular)
mac (dual nominative)
maic (nominative plural)
meic (nominative plural)
maic (singular vocative)
meic (singular vocative)
mac (dual vocative)
macu (plural vocative)
mac (accusative singular)
mac (accusative dual)
macu (accusative plural)
maic (genitive singular)
meic (genitive singular)
mac (dual genitive)
mac (genitive plural)
mac (dative singular)
macaib (dative dual)
macaib (dative plural)

Alternative spelling of macc (“son, child”)


les

les
also lles after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Alternative spelling of less (“benefit, advantage”)


fot

fuit (genitive)
fot (nominative singular)
fuit (singular vocative)
fot (accusative singular)
fuit (genitive singular)
fut (dative singular)

Middle Irish: fot, fat

Irish: fad

Manx: fod (“at length”)

Scottish Gaelic: fad

From Proto-Celtic *wazdos, which could be from the same root as *wāstos (“empty”).


fine

fine (nominative singular)
fini (dual nominative)
fini (nominative plural)
fine (singular vocative)
fini (dual vocative)
fini (plural vocative)
fini (accusative singular)
fini (accusative dual)
fini (accusative plural)
fine (genitive singular)
fine (dual genitive)
fine (genitive plural)
fini (dative singular)
finib (dative dual)
finib (dative plural)
fine
ḟine
fine

Irish: fine

family, kin, group of people of common descent


fine

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


fer

head

fer m (genitive fir, nominative plural fir)

fir (genitive)
fir (nominative plural)
fer (nominative singular)
fer (dual nominative)
fir (nominative plural)
fir (singular vocative)
fer (dual vocative)
firu (plural vocative)
fer (accusative singular)
fer (accusative dual)
firu (accusative plural)
fir (genitive singular)
fer (dual genitive)
fer (genitive plural)
fiur (dative singular)
feraib (dative dual)
feraib (dative plural)

desctree

Middle Irish: fer
Irish: fear
Manx: fer
Scottish Gaelic: fear

From Primitive Irish *ᚃᚔᚏᚐᚄ (*viras), from Proto-Celtic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Latin vir, Sanskrit वीर (vīrá) and Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair).

Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.

This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.


aire

head

aire m (genitive airech, nominative plural airig)

airech (genitive)
airig (nominative plural)
aire (nominative singular)
airig (dual nominative)
airig (nominative plural)
aire (singular vocative)
airig (dual vocative)
airecha (plural vocative)
airig (accusative singular)
airig (accusative dual)
airecha (accusative plural)
airech (genitive singular)
airech (dual genitive)
airech (genitive plural)
airig (dative singular)
airechaib (dative dual)
airib (dative dual)
airechaib (dative plural)
airib (dative plural)
aire
n-aire

Originally a io-stem (as shown by the dative plural form airib and the personal name Lóegaire (literally “favorite nobleman”) with vocative and genitive Lóegairi), later reanalyzed as a k-stem due to conflation with the synonymous airech. From Proto-Celtic *aryos (compare Gaulish personal names with Ario-, such as Ario-manus and Ario-vistus), of unknown origin.
* Historically (since the now-defunct derivation of Adolphe Pictet, 1858) speculated to mean "freeman", and furthermore supposed to be related to Indo-Iranian *áryas (via Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryos). This idea was especially popular in the 19th- and early 20th-century context of "Aryan" race and language theory, which posited Aryans as "noble" "freemen" opposed to slave-like दास (dāsa)/Semites. Today, for linguistic reasons, any attempt to find a European cognate for the Indo-Iranian autonym is treated with extreme skepsis. See *áryas for details.
* According to Meid, it is from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃- (“first”) (Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrvá), Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos), Lithuanian pirmas). According to Matasović this is less convincing because there are no traces of the laryngeal in the purported Celtic reflexes: *pr̥h₃yos would have given *ɸrāyos. See ro-.


mes

mes
also mmes after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


mag

mag n (genitive maige, nominative plural maige)

maige (genitive)
maige (nominative plural)
mag (nominative singular)
mag (dual nominative)
maige (nominative plural)
mag (singular vocative)
mag (dual vocative)
maige (plural vocative)
mag (accusative singular)
mag (accusative dual)
maige (accusative plural)
maige (genitive singular)
maige (dual genitive)
maige (genitive plural)
maig (dative singular)
muig (dative singular)
maigib (dative dual)
maigib (dative plural)
mag
also mmag after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: má

Scottish Gaelic: magh

From Proto-Celtic *magos (“plain, field”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) (compare Sanskrit मही (mahī́, “earth”) from the same root).


nia

head

nïa m (genitive nïad or nïeth, nominative plural nïaid)

nïa (canonical masculine)
nïad (genitive)
nïeth (genitive)
nïaid (nominative plural)
nia (nominative singular)
nïaid (dual nominative)
nia (dual nominative)
nïaid (nominative plural)
nia (singular vocative)
nïaid (dual vocative)
nia (dual vocative)
nïada (plural vocative)
nïaid (accusative singular)
nïaid (accusative dual)
nia (accusative dual)
nïada (accusative plural)
nïad (genitive singular)
nïeth (genitive singular)
nïad (dual genitive)
nïeth (dual genitive)
nïad (genitive plural)
nïaid (dative singular)
nïadaib (dative dual)
nïadaib (dative plural)
nïae (alternative)

Irish: nia

Manx: neear

From Primitive Irish ᚅᚔᚑᚈᚈᚐ (niotta, genitive), from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss (compare Welsh nai), from Proto-Indo-European *népōts. Cognates include Sanskrit नपात् (nápāt), Old Persian 𐎴𐎱𐎠 (n-p-a /napā/), Ancient Greek ἀνεψιός (anepsiós), Latin nepos, and Old English nefa.


nia

head

nïa m (genitive nïad or nïath, nominative plural nïaid)

nïa (canonical masculine)
nïad (genitive)
nïath (genitive)
nïaid (nominative plural)
nia (nominative singular)
nïaid (dual nominative)
nia (dual nominative)
nïaid (nominative plural)
nia (singular vocative)
nïaid (dual vocative)
nia (dual vocative)
nïada (plural vocative)
nïaid (accusative singular)
nïaid (accusative dual)
nia (accusative dual)
nïada (accusative plural)
nïad (genitive singular)
nïath (genitive singular)
nïad (dual genitive)
nïath (dual genitive)
nïad (genitive plural)
nïaid (dative singular)
nïadaib (dative dual)
nïadaib (dative plural)
nïa
also nnïa after a proclitic
ending in a vowel
nïae (alternative)

Irish: nia

Scottish Gaelic: niadh

Uncertain. Macbain relates it to Ancient Greek ὄνειδος (óneidos, “blame, reproach”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃neyd- (“to revile, insult”). Matasović connects it with níth (“fight, anger”) and Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 (neiþ, “hate, malice”), from Proto-Indo-European *neyH- (“to be angry”). However, both of these etymologies imply a Proto-Celtic *neid-s/*neit-s, which would result in monosyllabic [n͈ʲiːa̯] in Old Irish, and this word is disyllabic until Middle Irish. If either of these etymologies is correct, the disyllabicity would have to be explained as due to interference from etymology 1.


math

matho (genitive)
math (nominative singular)
math (dual nominative)
mathae (nominative plural)
math (singular vocative)
math (dual vocative)
mathu (plural vocative)
math (accusative singular)
math (accusative dual)
mathu (accusative plural)
matho (genitive singular)
matha (genitive singular)
matho (dual genitive)
matha (dual genitive)
mathae (genitive plural)
math (dative singular)
mathaib (dative dual)
mathaib (dative plural)
math
also mmath after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

desctree

⇒ Middle Irish: mathgamain
Irish: mathúin
Manx: maghouin
Scottish Gaelic: mathan

From Proto-Celtic *matus, commonly understood as a euphemistic derivation from *matis (“good”), cf. Proto-Germanic *berô (“the brown one”), Proto-Slavic *medvědь (“honey-eater”), Latvian lācis (“stomper, pounder”), Sanskrit भल्ल (bhalla, “auspicious, favourable”). A cognate is apparently attested in the Gaulish personal name Matugenos if this means “born of a bear”, and a possibly related Celtiberian matus of uncertain meaning is also attested.


orc

orc (nominative singular)
orc (dual nominative)
oirc (nominative plural)
oirc (singular vocative)
orc (dual vocative)
orcu (plural vocative)
orc (accusative singular)
orc (accusative dual)
orcu (accusative plural)
oirc (genitive singular)
orc (dual genitive)
orc (genitive plural)
orc (dative singular)
orcaib (dative dual)
orcaib (dative plural)
orc
n-orc

Irish: arc

Manx: ark

From Proto-Celtic *ɸorkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos. Cognate with Latin porcus and English farrow.


foil

folach (genitive)
foil (nominative singular)
folaig (dual nominative)
folaig (nominative plural)
foil (singular vocative)
folaig (dual vocative)
foilgea (plural vocative)
folaig (accusative singular)
folaig (accusative dual)
foilgea (accusative plural)
folach (genitive singular)
folach (dual genitive)
folach (genitive plural)
folaig (dative singular)
foilgib (dative dual)
foilgib (dative plural)
foil
ḟoil
foil

Middle Irish: fail

Irish: fail

Scottish Gaelic: fail

From Proto-Celtic *uɸolexs, from *uɸo- (“under”) + *leg- (“to lie”). Cognate with Welsh gwâl (“lair, pigsty”).

foil


col

cuil (genitive)
col (nominative singular)
col (dual nominative)
col (nominative plural)
cola (nominative plural)
col (singular vocative)
col (dual vocative)
col (plural vocative)
cola (plural vocative)
col (accusative singular)
col (accusative dual)
col (accusative plural)
cola (accusative plural)
cuil (genitive singular)
col (dual genitive)
col (genitive plural)
col (dative singular)
colaib (dative dual)
colaib (dative plural)
col
chol
col

Irish: col

Scottish Gaelic: col (“incest”)


toll

toll (nominative singular)
toll (dual nominative)
tuill (nominative plural)
tuill (singular vocative)
toll (dual vocative)
tullu (plural vocative)
toll (accusative singular)
toll (accusative dual)
tullu (accusative plural)
tuill (genitive singular)
toll (dual genitive)
toll (genitive plural)
toll (dative singular)
tollaib (dative dual)
tollaib (dative plural)
toll
tholl
toll

Irish: toll

Manx: towl

Scottish Gaelic: toll


bard

head

bard m (genitive baird, nominative plural baird)

baird (genitive)
baird (nominative plural)
bard (nominative singular)
bard (dual nominative)
baird (nominative plural)
baird (singular vocative)
bard (dual vocative)
bardu (plural vocative)
bard (accusative singular)
bard (accusative dual)
bardu (accusative plural)
baird (genitive singular)
bard (dual genitive)
bard (genitive plural)
bard (dative singular)
bardaib (dative dual)
bardaib (dative plural)
bard
mbard

Irish: bard

Manx: bard

Scottish Gaelic: bàrd
→ English: bard


anim

anim f (genitive ainme, nominative plural anmi)

ainme (genitive)
anmi (nominative plural)
anim (nominative singular)
anim (dual nominative)
ainmi (nominative plural)
anim (singular vocative)
anim (dual vocative)
ainmi (plural vocative)
anim (accusative singular)
anim (accusative dual)
ainmi (accusative plural)
ainme (genitive singular)
ainme (dual genitive)
ainme (genitive plural)
anim (dative singular)
ainmib (dative dual)
ainmib (dative plural)
ainim (alternative)

Is desin ro·gníd Ocheill for Temraig sechtair .i. clasa ráth la Cormac, conid inte no·foihed-som do grés, ar ni ba hada rí co n-anim do feis i Temraig.

Hence Achaill was built by the side of Tara, that is to say a ringfort was dug by Cormac in which he would always sleep, as it was not lawful for a king with a blemish to sleep in Tara.


anim

anim f (genitive anmae, nominative plural anmain)

anmae (genitive)
anmain (nominative plural)
anim
n-anim


molto

molto
also mmolto after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


attach

ataig (genitive)
attach (nominative singular)
attach (dual nominative)
attach (nominative plural)
attacha (nominative plural)
attach (singular vocative)
attach (dual vocative)
attach (plural vocative)
attacha (plural vocative)
attach (accusative singular)
attach (accusative dual)
attach (accusative plural)
attacha (accusative plural)
attaig (genitive singular)
attach (dual genitive)
attach (genitive plural)
attuch (dative singular)
attachaib (dative dual)
attachaib (dative plural)
attach
n-attach
atach (alternative)

Middle Irish: attach

Irish: atach

Scottish Gaelic: atach

Prefixed with ad-, from Proto-Celtic *adtekʷom. The meaning "refuge" (attested mainly in the Milan glosses, where it is its only sense) is believed to be the original meaning, with its related literal sense vanishing from its associated verb before Old Irish.

.i. a·tá Día atach ṅdúnni aís de-threbo hónaib comfulidib echtrannaib .i. ar comfulidib ar chuit ceneuil .i. ais deich-thribo ro·echtrannaigtho [leg. roechtrannaigthea] huainn hua menmain naimtidiu.

i.e. God is a refuge for us of the Two Tribes from alien kinsmen, i.e. our kinsmen by race, i.e. the Ten Tribes who were alienated from us by hostile mind.

.i. nímchubandom attach trócaire frib; is tree rob·hícad.

[illegible] to entreat mercy from you; it is through it that you pl have been saved.

Tromde iarum, ro·búi frisim ind chaillech oc atach Dé co mór.

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 7, pages 115-179:

Presently, the old woman wearied him with her loud praying to God.

dígbail neich den praind ┐ attag nDé fris

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 58, pages 115-179:

to take away part of the meal, and to invoke God in the matter

verbal noun of ad·teich: invocation, beseeching


clad

clad m (genitive claid, nominative plural claid)

claid (genitive)
claid (nominative plural)
clad (nominative singular)
clad (dual nominative)
claid (nominative plural)
claid (singular vocative)
clad (dual vocative)
cladu (plural vocative)
clad (accusative singular)
clad (accusative dual)
cladu (accusative plural)
claid (genitive singular)
clad (dual genitive)
clad (genitive plural)
clud (dative singular)
cladaib (dative dual)
cladaib (dative plural)
clad
chlad
clad

Irish: cladh, claí

Manx: cleiy

Scottish Gaelic: cladh

⇒ Middle Irish: cladaire

Irish: cladhaire

Scottish Gaelic: cladhaire


conn

cuinn (genitive)
conn (nominative singular)
conn (dual nominative)
cuinn (nominative plural)
cuinn (singular vocative)
conn (dual vocative)
cunnu (plural vocative)
conn (accusative singular)
conn (accusative dual)
cunnu (accusative plural)
cuinn (genitive singular)
conn (dual genitive)
conn (genitive plural)
cunn (dative singular)
connaib (dative dual)
connaib (dative plural)
conn
chonn
conn

Middle Irish: conn

Irish: conn

Scottish Gaelic: conn (“sense, reason”)

Back-formation from the genitive singular and nominative plural cuinn and dative singular cunn, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”). In Primitive Irish, the genitive singular *kʷennī (attested as -ᚉᚓᚅᚅᚔ (-cennī)) raised to *kʷinnī and then the resulting *i was rounded by the initial labiovelar to result in Old Irish cuinn. In case-forms without raising, the etymological e remained as such since it was not regularly rounded by labiovelars, hence an original nominative singular cenn. Since u in o-stem nouns usually alternates with o, not e (which usually alternates with i in o-stems), two separate nouns, cenn and conn arose.


druid

inflection of druí:
accusative/dative singular

inflection of druí:
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


dun

Alternative spelling of dún (“fort(ress)”)


foss

foiss (genitive)
foss (nominative singular)
foss (dual nominative)
foiss (nominative plural)
foiss (singular vocative)
foss (dual vocative)
fossu (plural vocative)
foss (accusative singular)
foss (accusative dual)
fossu (accusative plural)
foiss (genitive singular)
foss (dual genitive)
foss (genitive plural)
foss (dative singular)
fossaib (dative dual)
fossaib (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *uɸostos, from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós, from *upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”). Cognate to Welsh gwas (“servant”).


foss

foiss (genitive)
foss (nominative singular)
foss (dual nominative)
foiss (nominative plural)
foiss (singular vocative)
foss (dual vocative)
fossu (plural vocative)
foss (accusative singular)
foss (accusative dual)
fossu (accusative plural)
foiss (genitive singular)
foss (dual genitive)
foss (genitive plural)
foss (dative singular)
fossaib (dative dual)
fossaib (dative plural)
foss
ḟoss
foss

Irish: fos

From Proto-Celtic *wostos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”). Cognate to Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”).

rest, halt, the state of not being in motion


gait

head

gait f (genitive gaite, nominative plural gata)

gaite (genitive)
gata (nominative plural)
gait (nominative singular)
gait (dual nominative)
gata (nominative plural)
gait (singular vocative)
gait (dual vocative)
gata (plural vocative)
gait (accusative singular)
gait (accusative dual)
gata (accusative plural)
gaite (genitive singular)
gait (dual genitive)
gait (genitive plural)
gait (dative singular)
gataib (dative dual)
gataib (dative plural)
gait
ngait

Matasović derives this from Proto-Celtic *gozdis, a variant of *gostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“stranger”). The irregular vowel change is a dissimilation from got (“stammering”).


gam

gam
ngam
gaim (alternative)
gem (alternative)


iris

Alternative spelling of iriss: accusative/dative singular of iress


marc

marc m (genitive mairc, nominative plural mairc)

mairc (genitive)
mairc (nominative plural)
marc (nominative singular)
marc (dual nominative)
mairc (nominative plural)
mairc (singular vocative)
marc (dual vocative)
marcu (plural vocative)
marc (accusative singular)
marc (accusative dual)
marcu (accusative plural)
mairc (genitive singular)
marc (dual genitive)
marc (genitive plural)
marc (dative singular)
marcaib (dative dual)
marcaib (dative plural)
marc
also mmarc after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: marc

Scottish Gaelic: marc

From Proto-Celtic *markos (“horse”). Cognate with Welsh march, Breton marc’h, and beyond Celtic with Old English mearh (“horse”).

marc .i. each


toil

inflection of tol:
accusative/dative singular

inflection of tol:
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


mess

mess m (genitive messa, nominative plural mesai)

messa (genitive)
mesai (nominative plural)
mess (nominative singular)
mess (dual nominative)
messae (nominative plural)
mesai (nominative plural)
mess (singular vocative)
mess (dual vocative)
messu (plural vocative)
mess (accusative singular)
mess (accusative dual)
messu (accusative plural)
messo (genitive singular)
messa (genitive singular)
messo (dual genitive)
messa (dual genitive)
messae (genitive plural)
mess (dative singular)
messaib (dative dual)
messaib (dative plural)
mes (alternative)

Irish: meas

Scottish Gaelic: meas

From Proto-Celtic *messus (“judgement”), from Proto-Indo-European *med-.


mess

messa (genitive)
mess
also mmess after a proclitic
ending in a vowel
mes (alternative)

Middle Irish: mes, mess

Irish: meas

Manx: mess

Scottish Gaelic: meas


slice

slice m (genitive slici, nominative plural slici)

slici (genitive)
slici (nominative plural)
slice (nominative singular)
slice (dual nominative)
slici (nominative plural)
slici (singular vocative)
slice (dual vocative)
sliciu (plural vocative)
slice (accusative singular)
slice (accusative dual)
sliciu (accusative plural)
slici (genitive singular)
slice (dual genitive)
slice (genitive plural)
sliciu (dative singular)
slicib (dative dual)
slicib (dative plural)
slice
ṡlice

Irish: slige

Manx: shlig

Scottish Gaelic: slige

desctree

⇒ Middle Irish: *slicén
Irish: sliogán
Scottish Gaelic: sligean
Manx: shliggan

[ˈsʲl͈ʲiɡʲe]

From the root of Proto-Celtic *sligeti (“to strike, hew”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyǵ- (“to smear”).


tart

tarta (genitive)
tart (nominative singular)
tart (dual nominative)
tartae (nominative plural)
tart (singular vocative)
tart (dual vocative)
tartu (plural vocative)
tart (accusative singular)
tart (accusative dual)
tartu (accusative plural)
tarto (genitive singular)
tarta (genitive singular)
tarto (dual genitive)
tarta (dual genitive)
tartae (genitive plural)
tart (dative singular)
tartaib (dative dual)
tartaib (dative plural)

Irish: tart

Scottish Gaelic: tart

Manx: taart

From Proto-Celtic *tartus, from Proto-Indo-European *térstus, from *ters- (“dry”).


clam

clam (nominative singular)
clam (dual nominative)
claim (nominative plural)
claim (singular vocative)
clam (dual vocative)
clamu (plural vocative)
clam (accusative singular)
clam (accusative dual)
clamu (accusative plural)
claim (genitive singular)
clam (dual genitive)
clam (genitive plural)
clam (dative singular)
clamaib (dative dual)
clamaib (dative plural)
clam (nominative singular)
claim (dual nominative)
clama (nominative plural)
clam (singular vocative)
claim (dual vocative)
clama (plural vocative)
claim (accusative singular)
claim (accusative dual)
clama (accusative plural)
claime (genitive singular)
clam (dual genitive)
clam (genitive plural)
claim (dative singular)
clamaib (dative dual)
clamaib (dative plural)
clam
chlam
clam

Middle Irish: clam

From Proto-Celtic *klamos (“sick, leprous”). Cognate with Welsh claf (“sick, ill”).


fir

inflection of fer:
vocative/genitive singular


fern

head

fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna)

fernae (genitive)
ferna (nominative plural)
fern (nominative singular)
feirn (dual nominative)
ferna (nominative plural)
fern (singular vocative)
feirn (dual vocative)
ferna (plural vocative)
feirn (accusative singular)
feirn (accusative dual)
ferna (accusative plural)
fernae (genitive singular)
fern (dual genitive)
fern (genitive plural)
feirn (dative singular)
fernaib (dative dual)
fernaib (dative plural)
fern
ḟern
fern

Irish: fearn

⇒ Irish: fearnóg

Manx: farney

Scottish Gaelic: feàrna

From Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Welsh gwern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran).


magister

magister m (genitive magistir, nominative plural magistir)

magistir (genitive)
magistir (nominative plural)
magister (nominative singular)
magister (dual nominative)
magistir (nominative plural)
magistir (singular vocative)
magister (dual vocative)
magistru (plural vocative)
magister (accusative singular)
magister (accusative dual)
magistru (accusative plural)
magistir (genitive singular)
magister (dual genitive)
magister (genitive plural)
magister (dative singular)
magistraib (dative dual)
magistraib (dative plural)
magister
also mmagister after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: máistir

Manx: mainshtyr

Scottish Gaelic: maighstir

Do·adbadar sund trá causa pro qua scripta est æpistola .i. irbága ro·bátar leosom eter desciplu et debe; óentu immurgu eter a magistru.

Here, then is shown the reason for which the epistle was written, i.e. they had had contentions and disagreements between the disciples; unity, however, among their masters.


dáil

inflection of dál f:
accusative/dative singular

inflection of dál f:
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


mil

melo (genitive)
mil (nominative singular)
mil (singular vocative)
mil (accusative singular)
melo (genitive singular)
mela (genitive singular)
mil (dative singular)
mil
also mmil after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: mil

Irish: mil

Scottish Gaelic: mil

Manx: mill

From Proto-Celtic *meli n, from Proto-Indo-European *mélit.

Hi sunt tra ↄ·ricc frissa lind serb in chúrsactha lase foruillecta beóil in chalich di mil cosse anall...

Herein, then, he comes into contact with the bitter drink of the reproval, when the lips of the chalice have hitherto been smeared with honey...


suí

suí m (genitive süad, nominative plural suïd)

süad (genitive)
suïd (nominative plural)
suí (nominative singular)
suïd (dual nominative)
suí (dual nominative)
suïd (nominative plural)
suí (singular vocative)
suïd (dual vocative)
suí (dual vocative)
suídea (plural vocative)
suíthiu (plural vocative)
suïd (accusative singular)
suïd (accusative dual)
suí (accusative dual)
suídea (accusative plural)
suíthiu (accusative plural)
süad (genitive singular)
süad (dual genitive)
süad (genitive plural)
suïd (dative singular)
suídib (dative dual)
suídib (dative plural)
suí
ṡuí

Middle Irish: suí

Irish: saoi

desc

Scottish Gaelic: saoidh (“worthy, righteous person”)

From Proto-Celtic *suwits, from *su- (“good”) + *wid- (“knowing”), the root ultimately being Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”).


gin

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of gen (“sword”):
accusative/dative singular

inflection of gen (“sword”):
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


mid

meda (genitive)
mid (nominative singular)
mid (singular vocative)
mid (accusative singular)
medo (genitive singular)
meda (genitive singular)
mid (dative singular)
mid
also mmid after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: mid

Irish: meá

Scottish Gaelic: meadh

From Primitive Irish *ᚋᚓᚇᚒ (*medu), from Proto-Celtic *medu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

mesce tre ol corma(e) nó chingiti meda(e)

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 40, pages 115-179:

tipsiness through drinking beer or a goblet of mead


caille

caille (nominative singular)
caille (dual nominative)
caille (nominative plural)
caille (singular vocative)
caille (dual vocative)
caille (plural vocative)
caille (accusative singular)
caille (accusative dual)
caille (accusative plural)
cailli (genitive singular)
caille (dual genitive)
caille (genitive plural)
cailliu (dative singular)
caillib (dative dual)
caillib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: caille

Irish: caille

Borrowed from Latin pallium. Doublet of paillium.


uisce

uisce (nominative singular)
uisce (dual nominative)
uisci (nominative plural)
uisci (singular vocative)
uisce (dual vocative)
uisciu (plural vocative)
uisce (accusative singular)
uisce (accusative dual)
uisciu (accusative plural)
uisci (genitive singular)
uisce (dual genitive)
uisce (genitive plural)
uisciu (dative singular)
uiscib (dative dual)
uiscib (dative plural)
uisce
n-uisce

desctree

Irish: uisce, uisge (obsolete)
→ English: whiskey

Manx: ushtey

Scottish Gaelic: uisge
→ English: whisky

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥der.
Proto-Celtic *udenskyos
Old Irish uisce
From Proto-Celtic *udenskyos, from Proto-Indo-European *wódr, *udéns.


min

min
also mmin after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


gal

gaile (genitive)
gal (nominative singular)
gail (dual nominative)
gala (nominative plural)
gal (singular vocative)
gail (dual vocative)
gala (plural vocative)
gail (accusative singular)
gail (accusative dual)
gala (accusative plural)
gaile (genitive singular)
gal (dual genitive)
gal (genitive plural)
gail (dative singular)
galaib (dative dual)
galaib (dative plural)
gal
ngal

Middle Irish: gal

Irish: gal

Scottish Gaelic: gal

Co rígaib ránaib cét ngal co láthib do·ruíchetar.

With the noble kings of a hundred feats of valour,   they have taken revenge with warriors.


mná

mná
also mmná after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

inflection of ben:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


bas

bas (nominative singular)
bass (nominative singular)
bais (dual nominative)
bois (dual nominative)
boiss (dual nominative)
bassa (nominative plural)
bas (singular vocative)
bass (singular vocative)
bais (dual vocative)
bois (dual vocative)
boiss (dual vocative)
bassa (plural vocative)
bais (accusative singular)
bois (accusative singular)
boiss (accusative singular)
bais (accusative dual)
bois (accusative dual)
boiss (accusative dual)
bassa (accusative plural)
baise (genitive singular)
boise (genitive singular)
bas (dual genitive)
bas (genitive plural)
bais (dative singular)
bois (dative singular)
boiss (dative singular)
bassaib (dative dual)
bassaib (dative plural)
bos (alternative)

Irish: bos, bas
→ Yola: baush, bash

Manx: bass

Scottish Gaelic: bas

From Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”)), from dialectal Proto-Indo-European *gʷost-eh₂ ~ *gʷosdʰ-eh₂ (“branch”).


bith

head

bith m (genitive betho or betha, nominative plural betha)

betho (genitive)
betha (genitive)
betha (nominative plural)
bith (nominative singular)
bith (dual nominative)
betha (nominative plural)
bith (singular vocative)
bith (dual vocative)
bethu (plural vocative)
bith (accusative singular)
bith (accusative dual)
bethu (accusative plural)
betho (genitive singular)
betha (genitive singular)
betho (dual genitive)
betha (dual genitive)
bethae (genitive plural)
biuth (dative singular)
bethaib (dative dual)
bethaib (dative plural)

Irish: bith

→? Middle Welsh: byth

Welsh: byth

From Proto-Celtic *bitus (compare Welsh byd).

cia beith ar n‑acathar nech inna rétu inducbaidi in betha so, arnach·corathar i mmoth ⁊ machthad dia seirc ⁊ dia n‑accubur

though it be that someone sees the glorious things of this world, that he may not be put in stupor and admiration by love for them and by desire for them


ithe

ithe (nominative singular)
ithi (dual nominative)
ithi (nominative plural)
ithe (singular vocative)
ithi (dual vocative)
ithi (plural vocative)
ithi (accusative singular)
ithi (accusative dual)
ithi (accusative plural)
ithe (genitive singular)
ithe (dual genitive)
ithe (genitive plural)
ithi (dative singular)
ithib (dative dual)
ithib (dative plural)
ithe
n-ithe
hithe (alternative)

Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aís sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.

They eat it from above and he roots it up from below; for it does not exterminate the vine to eat of anything of it from above, as do the passers-by whom he speaks of, i.e. for it is only a passing visit that they make [lit: ‘that they visit’] to the vine to take something for themselves of its fruit.


ith

etho (genitive)
ith (nominative singular)
ith (singular vocative)
ith (accusative singular)
etho (genitive singular)
atho (genitive singular)
ith (dative singular)

Irish: ioth

Scottish Gaelic: ioth

From Proto-Celtic *ɸitu, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“food, nutrition”); from the same root is derived ithid (“to eat”). Cognate with Welsh ŷd.


ól

óil (genitive)
ól (nominative singular)
óil (singular vocative)
ól (accusative singular)
óil (genitive singular)
óul (dative singular)

Irish: ól

Manx: oyl

Scottish Gaelic: òl

desctree

⇒ Middle Irish: tech n-óil (“drinking house”), tech n-óla
Irish: teach óil

From older óol. Most likely from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃(y)-, although the exact derivation is uncertain, as the vowel ó and the hiatus are hard to explain. Usually derived via Proto-Celtic *ɸotlom or *ɸōtlom from Proto-Indo-European *péh₃tlom (whence also Latin pōculum (“drinking cup”) and Sanskrit पात्र (pātra, “drinking vessel”)) from *peh₃(y)-.
Gordon prefers a derivation via Proto-Celtic *ɸoyalom from Proto-Indo-European *poyh₃-lo-m. He considers the required metathesis *h₃y* > *yh₃ unmotivated, but it is assumed by other Indo-European derivatives, e.g. Ancient Greek πῑ́νω (pī́nō, “to drink”) and Proto-Slavic *pìti (“to drink”).


ól

óil (genitive)
ól (nominative singular)
ól (dual nominative)
ól (nominative plural)
óla (nominative plural)
ól (singular vocative)
ól (dual vocative)
ól (plural vocative)
óla (plural vocative)
ól (accusative singular)
ól (accusative dual)
ól (accusative plural)
óla (accusative plural)
óil (genitive singular)
ól (dual genitive)
ól (genitive plural)
ól (dative singular)
ólaib (dative dual)
ólaib (dative plural)
ól
n-ól


gol

gol (nominative singular)
gol (dual nominative)
guil (nominative plural)
guil (singular vocative)
gol (dual vocative)
gulu (plural vocative)
gol (accusative singular)
gol (accusative dual)
gulu (accusative plural)
guil (genitive singular)
gol (dual genitive)
gol (genitive plural)
gul (dative singular)
golaib (dative dual)
golaib (dative plural)
gol
ngol

Irish: gol


dul

dula (genitive)
dul (nominative singular)
dul (singular vocative)
dul (accusative singular)
dulo (genitive singular)
dula (genitive singular)
dul (dative singular)
dul
ndul
daul (alternative)

Irish: dul

Scottish Gaelic: dol

The u in the term is commonly assumed to have arisen in the first place from u-infection of an original Proto-Celtic *dalus, which may be derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁- (“to ooze, spring up”), Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom, thrive”), Albanian dal (“to go out”). Related to Welsh deillio (“to emanate, arise”).


messa

messa
also mmessa after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


bile

head

bile m (genitive bili, nominative plural bili)

bili (genitive)
bili (nominative plural)
bile (nominative singular)
bile (dual nominative)
bili (nominative plural)
bili (singular vocative)
bile (dual vocative)
biliu (plural vocative)
bile (accusative singular)
bile (accusative dual)
biliu (accusative plural)
bili (genitive singular)
bile (dual genitive)
bile (genitive plural)
biliu (dative singular)
bilib (dative dual)
bilib (dative plural)
bile
mbile

Irish: bile

Manx: billey

From Proto-Celtic *belyos (“tree”), related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰolyo- (“leaf”). Cognate with Latin folium, Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon), and Old Armenian բողբոջ (bołboǰ).

tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one


irar

irar m (genitive irair, nominative plural irair)

irair (genitive)
irair (nominative plural)
irar (nominative singular)
irar (dual nominative)
irair (nominative plural)
irair (singular vocative)
irar (dual vocative)
iraru (plural vocative)
irar (accusative singular)
irar (accusative dual)
iraru (accusative plural)
irair (genitive singular)
irar (dual genitive)
irar (genitive plural)
irar (dative singular)
iraraib (dative dual)
iraraib (dative plural)
irar
n-irar

Middle Irish: ilar

Irish: iolar

Scottish Gaelic: iolair

Manx: urley

From Proto-Celtic *eriros (compare Welsh eryr, Breton erer), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“large bird”).


torc

torc (nominative singular)
torc (dual nominative)
tuirc (nominative plural)
tuirc (singular vocative)
torc (dual vocative)
turcu (plural vocative)
torc (accusative singular)
torc (accusative dual)
turcu (accusative plural)
tuirc (genitive singular)
torc (dual genitive)
torc (genitive plural)
turc (dative singular)
torcaib (dative dual)
torcaib (dative plural)

Irish: torc

Scottish Gaelic: torc

From Proto-Celtic *tworkos (“boar”) (compare Welsh twrch).


torc

torc (nominative singular)
torc (dual nominative)
tuirc (nominative plural)
tuirc (singular vocative)
torc (dual vocative)
turcu (plural vocative)
torc (accusative singular)
torc (accusative dual)
turcu (accusative plural)
tuirc (genitive singular)
torc (dual genitive)
torc (genitive plural)
turc (dative singular)
torcaib (dative dual)
torcaib (dative plural)
torc
thorc
torc

Irish: torc


fuil

folo (genitive)
fuil (nominative singular)
fuil (dual nominative)
fuili (nominative plural)
fuil (singular vocative)
fuil (dual vocative)
fuili (plural vocative)
fuil (accusative singular)
fuil (accusative dual)
fuili (accusative plural)
folo (genitive singular)
fola (genitive singular)
folo (dual genitive)
fola (dual genitive)
fuile (genitive plural)
fuil (dative singular)
fuilib (dative dual)
fuilib (dative plural)
fuil
ḟuil
fuil

desctree

Middle Irish: fuil
Irish: fuil
Manx: fuill
Scottish Gaelic: fuil

From Proto-Celtic *wolis, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to strike, wound”).


cailc

calca (genitive)
cailc (nominative singular)
cailc (singular vocative)
cailc (accusative singular)
calco (genitive singular)
calca (genitive singular)
cailc (dative singular)
cailc
chailc
cailc

Irish: cailc

Manx: kelk

Scottish Gaelic: cailc

⇒ Middle Irish: calcaid

Irish: calc


mór

mór (nominative singular)
mór (singular vocative)
mór (accusative singular)
móir (genitive singular)
mór (dative singular)
máar (alternative)
már (alternative)

An irregular change of már (possibly influenced by the comparative/superlative forms with ó) from Proto-Celtic *māros (compare Welsh mawr), from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁ros.
Compare Old High German māri (“famous, great”) and perhaps the element -μωρος (-mōros) in Ancient Greek ἐγχεσίμωρος (enkhesímōros, “mighty with the spear”), ἰόμωροι (iómōroi, “boasting”), σινάμωρος (sinámōros, “mischievous, hurtful”), ὑλακόμωρος (hulakómōros, “always barking”).

cog

mór fína

mór fer

a large amount, a large number; much, many (with the modified noun in the genitive)


ard

head

ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda)

aird (genitive)
arda (nominative plural)
ard (nominative singular)
ard (dual nominative)
ard (nominative plural)
arda (nominative plural)
ard (singular vocative)
ard (dual vocative)
ard (plural vocative)
arda (plural vocative)
ard (accusative singular)
ard (accusative dual)
ard (accusative plural)
arda (accusative plural)
aird (genitive singular)
ard (dual genitive)
ard (genitive plural)
ard (dative singular)
ardaib (dative dual)
ardaib (dative plural)
ard
n-ard

Irish: ard

Manx: ard

Scottish Gaelic: àrd

From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).


bocht

bocht (nominative singular)
bocht (dual nominative)
boicht (nominative plural)
boicht (singular vocative)
bocht (dual vocative)
bochtu (plural vocative)
bocht (accusative singular)
bocht (accusative dual)
bochtu (accusative plural)
boicht (genitive singular)
bocht (dual genitive)
bocht (genitive plural)
bocht (dative singular)
bochtaib (dative dual)
bochtaib (dative plural)
bocht (nominative singular)
boicht (dual nominative)
bochta (nominative plural)
bocht (singular vocative)
boicht (dual vocative)
bochta (plural vocative)
boicht (accusative singular)
boicht (accusative dual)
bochta (accusative plural)
boichte (genitive singular)
bocht (dual genitive)
bocht (genitive plural)
boicht (dative singular)
bochtaib (dative dual)
bochtaib (dative plural)

Manx: boght

From Proto-Celtic *boxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰogtós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to break”).


donn

donn (nominative singular)
donn (dual nominative)
duinn (nominative plural)
duinn (singular vocative)
donn (dual vocative)
donnu (plural vocative)
donn (accusative singular)
donn (accusative dual)
donnu (accusative plural)
duinn (genitive singular)
donn (dual genitive)
donn (genitive plural)
donn (dative singular)
donnaib (dative dual)
donnaib (dative plural)
dond (alternative)

Irish: donn


donn

duinn (genitive)
donn (nominative singular)
donn (dual nominative)
donn (nominative plural)
donna (nominative plural)
donn (singular vocative)
donn (dual vocative)
donn (plural vocative)
donna (plural vocative)
donn (accusative singular)
donn (accusative dual)
donn (accusative plural)
donna (accusative plural)
duinn (genitive singular)
donn (dual genitive)
donn (genitive plural)
donn (dative singular)
donnaib (dative dual)
donnaib (dative plural)
donn
ndonn
dond (alternative)


glas

glas (nominative singular)
glas (dual nominative)
glais (nominative plural)
glais (singular vocative)
glas (dual vocative)
glasu (plural vocative)
glas (accusative singular)
glas (accusative dual)
glasu (accusative plural)
glais (genitive singular)
glas (dual genitive)
glas (genitive plural)
glas (dative singular)
glasaib (dative dual)
glasaib (dative plural)
glas
nglas

Irish: glas

Manx: glass

Scottish Gaelic: glas

From earlier *glapsâ, which could be related to Old English clyppan (“to clasp, embrace, hold onto”).


airde

head

airde n (genitive airdi, nominative plural airde)

airdi (genitive)
airde (nominative plural)
airde (nominative singular)
airde (dual nominative)
airde (nominative plural)
airde (singular vocative)
airde (dual vocative)
airde (plural vocative)
airde (accusative singular)
airde (accusative dual)
airde (accusative plural)
airdi (genitive singular)
airde (dual genitive)
airde (genitive plural)
airdiu (dative singular)
airdib (dative dual)
airdib (dative plural)
arde (alternative)

From Proto-Celtic *ɸareweidyom, from *ɸare- + *wēd- (“to know”). Cognate to Welsh arwydd, Breton arouez.

In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.

When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.


brig

inflection of brí:
accusative/dative singular


dán

dán m (genitive dáno, nominative plural dánai)

dáno (genitive)
dánai (nominative plural)
dán (nominative singular)
dán (dual nominative)
dána (nominative plural)
dánai (nominative plural)
dán (singular vocative)
dán (dual vocative)
dánu (plural vocative)
dán (accusative singular)
dán (accusative dual)
dánu (accusative plural)
dáno (genitive singular)
dána (genitive singular)
dáno (dual genitive)
dána (dual genitive)
dánae (genitive plural)
dán (dative singular)
dánaib (dative dual)
dánaib (dative plural)
dán
ndán

From Proto-Celtic *dānus, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom. Cognate with Latin dōnum (“gift”).

Ní rïat na dánu díadi ara n-indeb domunde.

Let them not sell the divine gifts for the worldly wealth.


baile

baile m (genitive baili, nominative plural baili)

baili (genitive)
baili (nominative plural)
baile (nominative singular)
baile (dual nominative)
baili (nominative plural)
baili (singular vocative)
baile (dual vocative)
bailiu (plural vocative)
baile (accusative singular)
baile (accusative dual)
bailiu (accusative plural)
baili (genitive singular)
baile (dual genitive)
baile (genitive plural)
bailiu (dative singular)
bailib (dative dual)
bailib (dative plural)

Irish: baile

Manx: balley

Scottish Gaelic: baile

Inherited from Proto-Celtic *baliyos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to appear, grow”), see also Proto-Germanic *bōþlą (“dwelling, abode, lair”).


baile

baile (nominative singular)
baile (dual nominative)
baili (nominative plural)
baili (singular vocative)
baile (dual vocative)
bailiu (plural vocative)
baile (accusative singular)
baile (accusative dual)
bailiu (accusative plural)
baili (genitive singular)
baile (dual genitive)
baile (genitive plural)
bailiu (dative singular)
bailib (dative dual)
bailib (dative plural)
baile (nominative singular)
baili (dual nominative)
baili (nominative plural)
baile (singular vocative)
baili (dual vocative)
baili (plural vocative)
baili (accusative singular)
baili (accusative dual)
baili (accusative plural)
baile (genitive singular)
baile (dual genitive)
baile (genitive plural)
baili (dative singular)
bailib (dative dual)
bailib (dative plural)
baile
mbaile

Irish: buile

supernaturally induced frenzy or madness


céile

head

céile m (genitive céili, nominative plural céili)

céili (genitive)
céili (nominative plural)
céile (nominative singular)
céile (dual nominative)
céili (nominative plural)
céili (singular vocative)
céile (dual vocative)
céiliu (plural vocative)
céile (accusative singular)
céile (accusative dual)
céiliu (accusative plural)
céili (genitive singular)
céile (dual genitive)
céile (genitive plural)
céiliu (dative singular)
céilib (dative dual)
céilib (dative plural)
céile
chéile
céile
céele (alternative)
céle (alternative)

Irish: céile

Manx: keilley

Scottish Gaelic: cèile

From Primitive Irish ᚉᚓᚂᚔ (celi, “follower, devotee”, genitive), from Proto-Celtic *keiliyos.

inh

(law) liege, vassal, the recipient of a fief


én

head

én m (genitive éuin or éoin, nominative plural éuin or éoin)

éuin (genitive)
éoin (genitive)
éuin (nominative plural)
éoin (nominative plural)
én (nominative singular)
én (dual nominative)
éuin (nominative plural)
éuin (singular vocative)
én (dual vocative)
éunu (plural vocative)
én (accusative singular)
én (accusative dual)
éunu (accusative plural)
éuin (genitive singular)
én (dual genitive)
én (genitive plural)
éun (dative singular)
énaib (dative dual)
énaib (dative plural)
hén (alternative)

Irish: éan

Manx: eean

Scottish Gaelic: eun

⇒ Middle Irish: senén


persan

persan f (genitive persine, nominative plural persin)

persine (genitive)
persin (nominative plural)
persan (nominative singular)
persann (nominative singular)
persin (dual nominative)
persain (dual nominative)
persin (nominative plural)
persain (nominative plural)
persan (singular vocative)
persann (singular vocative)
persin (dual vocative)
persain (dual vocative)
persana (plural vocative)
persanna (plural vocative)
persin (accusative singular)
persain (accusative singular)
persin (accusative dual)
persain (accusative dual)
persana (accusative plural)
persanna (accusative plural)
persine (genitive singular)
persaine (genitive singular)
persan (dual genitive)
persann (dual genitive)
persan (genitive plural)
persann (genitive plural)
persin (dative singular)
persain (dative singular)
persanaib (dative dual)
personaib (dative dual)
persunnaib (dative dual)
persanaib (dative plural)
personaib (dative plural)
persunnaib (dative plural)
persan
phersan
or unchanged
persan

desctree

Middle Irish: persa
Irish: pearsa
Scottish Gaelic: pearsa

Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.

It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

person (individual; physical body seen as distinct from the mind)

In tan labratar ind ḟilid a persin inna ṅdea, do·gniat primam ⁊ secundam in illis.

When the poets speak in the person of the gods, they make a first and second [person] in them.

(grammar) person (linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking)


tol

head

tol f (genitive toile or tuile, nominative plural tola)

toile (genitive)
tuile (genitive)
tola (nominative plural)
tol (nominative singular)
toil (dual nominative)
tuil (dual nominative)
tola (nominative plural)
tol (singular vocative)
toil (dual vocative)
tuil (dual vocative)
tola (plural vocative)
toil (accusative singular)
tuil (accusative singular)
toil (accusative dual)
tuil (accusative dual)
tola (accusative plural)
toile (genitive singular)
tuile (genitive singular)
tol (dual genitive)
tol (genitive plural)
toil (dative singular)
tuil (dative singular)
tolaib (dative dual)
tolaib (dative plural)
tol
thol
tol

Middle Irish: toil, tail

Irish: toil

Manx: toill

Scottish Gaelic: toil

Unknown. MacBain associates it with Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, endure”), but the semantic connection is tenuous.
The form toil was originally the accusative singular, while the form tuil was the dative singular. But both forms were already confused in the Glosses.

der

Níbo in tain no·mbeid ar súil tantum do·gneith toil far coimded.

It must not be when you pl are seen (by him) only that you do your master’s will.

massu thol atom·aig dó; manid ar lóg

if it is desire that drives me to it; if it is not for pay


fini

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of fine:
accusative/dative singular


sens

Alternative spelling of séns: alternative form of síans


amm

amm (nominative singular)
amm (dual nominative)
amm (nominative plural)
amma (nominative plural)
amm (singular vocative)
amm (dual vocative)
amm (plural vocative)
amma (plural vocative)
amm (accusative singular)
amm (accusative dual)
amm (accusative plural)
amma (accusative plural)
aimm (genitive singular)
amm (dual genitive)
amm (genitive plural)
amm (dative singular)
ammaib (dative dual)
ammaib (dative plural)
am (alternative)

Irish: am

Manx: am

Scottish Gaelic: àm

From Proto-Celtic *ammen-, *ammo-, probably ultimately from the root of aimser (“point in time”). Matasović’s reconstruction *amo- cannot be correct as the unlenited /m/ of amm proves that the Proto-Celtic form did not have a singleton m between vowels.


ner

head

ner m (genitive neir, nominative plural neir)

neir (genitive)
neir (nominative plural)
ner (nominative singular)
ner (dual nominative)
neir (nominative plural)
neir (singular vocative)
ner (dual vocative)
neuru (plural vocative)
ner (accusative singular)
ner (accusative dual)
neuru (accusative plural)
neir (genitive singular)
ner (dual genitive)
ner (genitive plural)
neur (dative singular)
neraib (dative dual)
neraib (dative plural)
ner
also nner after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *neros (“hero”) (compare Middle Welsh ner (“chief, hero”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“man, male”).
Witczak rejects this explanation, deriving the word instead from a Proto-Celtic *eɸros (“boar”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epros (“boar”) (Old English eofor, Latin aper, Old Church Slavonic вепрь (veprĭ)), with the n- arising from rebracketing of the demonstrative-final n in accusative *ton eɸron, i.e. overgeneralisation of the nasal mutation. However, Witczak’s explanation ignores the fact that the cluster *‑ɸr- became *‑br- in Proto-Celtic, meaning that a **(n)eɸros should become **(n)ebros and Old Irish **(n)ebar.


aille

head

aille f (genitive aille, nominative plural ailli)

aille (genitive)
ailli (nominative plural)
aille (nominative singular)
ailli (dual nominative)
ailli (nominative plural)
aille (singular vocative)
ailli (dual vocative)
ailli (plural vocative)
ailli (accusative singular)
ailli (accusative dual)
ailli (accusative plural)
aille (genitive singular)
aille (dual genitive)
aille (genitive plural)
ailli (dative singular)
aillib (dative dual)
aillib (dative plural)
aille
n-aille

Gabis ailli.