for

Irish: bhur

Scottish Gaelic: ur

From Proto-Celtic *sweseros, from *swīs (“you (pl.)”); compare Latin vester.

you (plural; as the object of a preposition that takes the genitive)


dia

head

dïa (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Univerbation of di (“of/from”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)


dia

Univerbation of do (“to/for”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)


so

Irish: seo

Scottish Gaelic: seo

Manx: shoh

From Proto-Celtic *so (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

ind epistil so

this (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)


do

Middle Irish: do

Irish: do

Scottish Gaelic: do

Manx: dty


tall

a tadall tall

that (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)


sin

Irish: sin

Scottish Gaelic: sin

Manx: shen

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”

Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

that, those (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)


ha

in the masculine and neuter singular (triggers-lenition)

c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, Wb. 6ᵃ13

It is reasonable to fear him [lit. "his fearing is reasonable"], for it is to inflict punishment that he bears that sword.

Is deidbir ha áigthiu, ar is do thabirt díglae berid in claideb sin.


ar

Irish: ár

Scottish Gaelic: ar

From Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.


se

Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels


nach

nach (masculine nominative)
nach (feminine nominative)
nacha (nominative plural)
nach (accusative masculine)
nach (accusative feminine)
nacha (accusative plural)
nach (genitive masculine)
naich (genitive masculine)
nacha (feminine genitive)
nach (genitive neuter)
nach (dative masculine)
nach (dative feminine neuter)
nach (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *nekʷos (“someone, something”); compare nech (“someone”). Cognate with Welsh neb.

inh

it essamnu de ar ro·fitetar is ar nach n-indocbáil móir fo·daimim-se inso

i.e. they are the more fearless, for they know that it is for some great glory that I endure this

In tan imme·romastar són nach noíb, ara cuintea dílgud Dé isind aimsir sin.

That is, when any saint sins, that he may seek the forgiveness of God at that time.

Nach torbatu coitchenn ro·boí indib fri dénum n-uilc, at·rubalt tar hǽsi á pectha.

Any common advantage that had been in them for doing evil, it has perished for their sin.


head

na (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Aphetic form of inna (“in his/her/its/their”)


neuter nominative/accusative singular of nach (“any”)


dom

Univerbation of do (“to, for”) + mo (“my”)


tra

head

tra (triggers lenition in the masculine/neuter singular, /h/-prothesis of the feminine singular, and nasalization (eclipsis) in the plural)

in the masculine (triggers-lenition)
neuter singular (triggers-lenition)
tra (mutation mutation-radical)
thra (mutation mutation-nasal)
tra (mutation)

Univerbation of tar (“over, across”) + a (“his, her, its, their”)


fora

head

fora (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Univerbation of for (“on”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)

univerbation

Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doib di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coimnacuir ⁊ issi dano insin ind frescissiu co fochaid.

It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that Good would not give it to them, and [even] that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.


huile

huile (masculine nominative singular)
huile (feminine nominative singular)
huile (neuter nominative singular)
huili (masculine singular vocative)
huile (feminine singular vocative)
huile (neuter singular vocative)
huile (accusative masculine singular)
huili (accusative feminine singular)
huile (accusative neuter singular)
huili (genitive masculine singular)
huile (feminine genitive singular)
huili (genitive neuter singular)
huiliu (dative masculine singular)
huili (dative feminine singular)
huiliu (dative neuter singular)
huili (masculine nominative plural)
huili (feminine neuter nominative plural)
huili (masculine plural vocative)
huiliu (masculine plural vocative)
huili (feminine neuter plural vocative)
huili (accusative masculine plural)
huiliu (accusative masculine plural)
huili (accusative feminine neuter plural)
huile (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
huilib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
huile (mutation mutation-radical)
nhuile (mutation)


mo

Irish: mo

Scottish Gaelic: mo

Manx: my

From Proto-Celtic *mene, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁mene, genitive of *éǵh₂. The Goidelic forms came from *mene being remodelled into *mowe by analogy with *towe (“your”) (whence do (“your”)).

Mad ar lóg pridcha-sa, .i. ar m’étiuth et mo thoschith, ním·bia fochricc dar hési mo precepte.

If I preach for pay, that is, for my clothing and my sustenance, I shall not have a reward for my teaching.

Fu·lilsain-se .i. matis mu námait duda·gnetis ⁊ maniptis mu chara⟨i⟩t duda·gnetis.

I would have endured, i.e. if it had been my enemies who did them and if it had not been my friends who did them.


ara

head

ara (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Univerbation of ar (“for (the sake of), because of”) + a (“his/her/their”)

univerbation

for (the sake of) his/her/its/their, because of his/her/its/their


á

Mad·genatar á thimthirthidi.
Blessed are his servants.

Nach torbatu coitchenn ro·boí indib fri denum n-uilc at·rubalt tar hesi á pectha.
Every common advantage that had been in them for doing evil has perished for their sin.

Alternative form of a (“his, her, its, their”)


a

aí (predicative)
áe (predicative)
in the masculine and neuter singular (triggers-lenition)

Irish: a (“his, her, its, their”)

Scottish Gaelic: a (“his, her, its”); an (“their”)

From Proto-Celtic *esyo (m and n), *esyās (f), and *ēsom (pl), from Proto-Indo-European *ésyo, genitive singular of *ís and *íd; compare Welsh ei (“his, her, its”), eu (“their”); Old High German iro (“their”); and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, “his, its”), अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”), and एषाम् (eṣā́m, “their”).


lat

Univerbation of la (“with”) + do (“your sg”)

univ

your <abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr>


im

so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] mouth and what I might think with [my] heart might be different


dara

head

dara (triggers lenition in the meaning “his, its”, h-prothesis in the meaning “her”, and nasalization in the meaning “their”)

in the meaning “his (triggers-lenition)
its” (triggers-lenition)


fria

frïa (triggers lenition in the masculine/neuter singular, /h/-prothesis in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)

frïa (canonical)
in the masculine (triggers-lenition)
neuter singular (triggers-lenition)

Univerbation of fri + a (“his, her, its, their”)


cech

cech (usual form in the Milan glosses, also common in the Würzburg glosses)

the Würzburg glosses (also regional)
cech (mutation mutation-radical)
chech (mutation mutation-nasal)
cech (mutation)

Alternative form of cach (“each, every”)


huili

huili (mutation mutation-radical)
nhuili (mutation)


dará

Alternative spelling of dara (“over/across his/her/its/their”)


cisi

cisi (mutation mutation-radical)
chisi (mutation mutation-nasal)
cisi (mutation)


frisa

Univerbation of fri (“toward, against, with”) + a (“the”, neuter accusative singular)


cona

head

cona (triggers lenition in the masculine and neuter singular, /h/-prothesis in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Amal nád n-airigther ⁊ nád fintar a ndu·gníther hi suidi, sic ba in fortgidiu ⁊ ba hi temul du·gníth Saul cona muntair intleda ⁊ erelca fri Dauid.

As what is done in this is not perceived and discovered, so it was covertly and it was in darkness that Saul with his people was making snares and ambushes against David.

Univerbation of co (“with”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)


cía

head

cía (triggers h-prothesis, feminine (triggers lenition) cesí or cessi or cisí, neuter (triggers lenition) ced or cid, plural citné or cisné)

cesí (feminine triggers-lenition)
cessi (feminine)
cisí (feminine)
ced (neuter triggers-lenition)
cid (neuter)
citné (plural)
cisné (plural)

From Proto-Celtic *kʷei (compare Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

cid torbae ara·torsata

for what use (neuter) have they been created?

ɔ eperthae cía aiccent ⁊ cisí aimser derb thechtas

so that it might be said what accent (masculine) and what certain time (feminine) it has

which, what (agreeing with following noun in gender and number)


inna

inna (‘his’/‘its’ triggers lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Univerbation of hi (“in”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)

univ

Rethit huili, et is oínḟer gaibes búaid diib inna chomalnad.

All run, and it is one man of them who gets victory for completing it

Má beid ní di rúnaib do·théi ar menmuin ind ḟir bíis inna ṡuidiu et ad·reig.

If there are any of the mysteries that may come upon the mind of the man who is sitting, and he rises.

Ní·guid dígail du thabairt foraib, acht corru·anat inna arrad.

He prays not that punishment should be inflicted on them, but that they may remain in his company.


uile

uile (masculine nominative singular)
uile (feminine nominative singular)
uile (neuter nominative singular)
uili (masculine singular vocative)
uile (feminine singular vocative)
uile (neuter singular vocative)
uile (accusative masculine singular)
uili (accusative feminine singular)
uile (accusative neuter singular)
uili (genitive masculine singular)
uile (feminine genitive singular)
uili (genitive neuter singular)
uiliu (dative masculine singular)
uili (dative feminine singular)
uiliu (dative neuter singular)
uili (masculine nominative plural)
uili (feminine neuter nominative plural)
uili (masculine plural vocative)
uiliu (masculine plural vocative)
uili (feminine neuter plural vocative)
uili (accusative masculine plural)
uiliu (accusative masculine plural)
uili (accusative feminine neuter plural)
uile (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
uilib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
uile (mutation mutation-radical)
n-uile (mutation)

desctree

Middle Irish: uile
Irish: uile
Scottish Gaelic: uile
Manx: ooilley

From Proto-Celtic *olyos (“all, whole, every”) (compare Welsh oll, Gaulish ollon), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂olyos (compare Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍃 (alls, “all, whole”), Old Armenian ողջ (ołǰ)).

inh

huili doíni talman

Israheldai huli

in tain do·n-airbertar in boill uili

int huile talam

arin duiniu huiliu


tarm

tarm (mutation mutation-radical)
tharm (mutation mutation-nasal)
tarm (mutation)

Univerbation of tar (“over, across”) + mo (“my”)


úa

head

úa (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition; ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis; ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Univerbation of úa (“from”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)


siu

Alternative form of so used after the deictic particle í and its derivatives


assa

head

assa (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition; ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis; ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Univerbation of ass- (“out of”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)

univerbation

arna dich cách assa dligud i n-adaltras tri láthar demuin et tri bar nebcongabthetit-si

lest everyone go out of his duty into adultery through the Devil’s machination and through your incontinence


imma

head

imma (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Univerbation of imb (“around”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)

univerbation

Hó goistiu .i. do·bert goiste imma brágait fadesin ɔid·marb, húare nád ndigni Abisolón a chomairli.

By a noose, i.e. he put a noose around his own neck so that it killed him, because Absalom did not follow his advice.


fua

Univerbation of fo (“under (etc.)”) + a (various meanings, see individual entries)

univ

fo + a (“his, its”, triggers lenition): under (etc.) his/its

fo + a (“her”, triggers h-prothesis): under (etc.) her

fo + a (“their”, triggers eclipsis): under (etc.) their


óen

desctree

Middle Irish: óen
Irish: aon
Manx: un
Scottish Gaelic: aon

óen (mutation mutation-radical)
n-óen (mutation)

From Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.

cech oín gessid .i. giges Día

every single supplicant i.e. who will pray to God

single (especially after cech (“every”))


imme

imme (mutation mutation-radical)
n-imme (mutation)

Alternative form of imma (“around his/her/its/their”)


huli

huli (mutation mutation-radical)
nhuli (mutation)


asmo

Univerbation of ass- (“out of”) + mo (“my”)

univerbation

Hóre am essamin-se precepte asmo chuimriug, is lia de creitfess.

Since I am fearless in preaching out of my captivity, the more it is who will believe.


cach

head

cach (usual form in the St Gall glosses; also common in the Würzburg glosses)

desctree

Middle Irish: cach, gach
Irish: gach
Manx: dagh
Scottish Gaelic: gach

Shortened from cách (“everyone, everything”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷākʷos; cognate with Middle Welsh pawb (modern Welsh pob).


diar

Univerbation of do (“to/for”) + ar (“our”)

univ

Is hed didiu for·théit in spirut, in tain guidme-ni inducbáil dïar corp et dïar n-animm iar n-esséirgiu.

Then the spirit helps when we pray for glory for our body and for our soul after resurrection.


intí

Univerbation of int (definite article) + í (deictic particle)

univerbation

dona⟨ib⟩hí dïand·rérchoíl intí Día

to those for whom God himself has determined it

used in apposition with proper nouns or common nouns denoting a specific individual to indicate that the individual has already been named previously: the aforementioned but more idiomatically translated into English with an emphatic reflexive such as himself


ísin

ísin (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ísin (mutation)

From í (deictic particle) + sin (“that”).

Bíid didiu a confessio hísin do foísitin pecthae, bíid dano do molad, bíid dano do atlugud buide; do foísitin didiu atá-som sunt.

That confessio, then, is for confessing sins, it is also for praising, it is also for offering thanks; here, then, it is for confessing.

that (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article; emphatic)


uiliu

uiliu (mutation mutation-radical)
n-uiliu (mutation)

inflection of uile:
dative singular masculine/neuter

inflection of uile:
vocative/accusative plural


huiliu

huiliu (mutation mutation-radical)
nhuiliu (mutation)

Alternative spelling of uiliu: inflection of huile:


uili

uili (mutation mutation-radical)
n-uili (mutation)

inflection of uile:
vocative/genitive singular masculine

inflection of uile:
accusative/dative singular feminine

inflection of uile:
genitive singular neuter


indala

head

indala (uninflected, triggers lenition of a feminine noun and eclipsis of a neuter noun)

Irish: dara

Manx: derrey

Scottish Gaelic: dara

Cía techtid nach aile ní ad·chobrai-siu ⁊ ní techtai-siu ón immurgu, ní étaigther-su immanísin, .i. ní ascnae ⁊ ní charae; is sí indala ch[í]all les isindí as emulari in sin.

Though another may possess what you may desire and you do however not possess, you should not be jealous of that thing, i.e. you should not seek after and love it; that is one of the two meanings that he finds in emulari.

Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.

It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.


caich

caich (mutation mutation-radical)
chaich (mutation mutation-nasal)
caich (mutation)


cisí

cisí (mutation mutation-radical)
chisí (mutation mutation-nasal)
cisí (mutation)


frisin

Univerbation of fri (“toward, against, with”) + in (“the”, masculine/feminine accusative singular)

univ

Is samlid léicfimmi-ni doïbsom aisndís dint ṡéns ⁊ din mórálus, manip écóir frisin stoir ad·fíadam-ni.

It is thus we shall leave to them the exposition of the sense and the morality, if it is not at variance with the history that we relate.


alaili

alaili (mutation mutation-radical)
n-alaili (mutation)

inflection of alaile:
masculine/neuter genitive singular

inflection of alaile:
feminine accusative/dative singular


alaile

alaile (masculine nominative singular)
alaile (feminine nominative singular)
alaill (neuter nominative singular)
alaili (masculine singular vocative)
alaile (feminine singular vocative)
alaill (neuter singular vocative)
alaile (accusative masculine singular)
alaili (accusative feminine singular)
alaill (accusative neuter singular)
alaili (genitive masculine singular)
alaile (feminine genitive singular)
alaili (genitive neuter singular)
alailiu (dative masculine singular)
alaili (dative feminine singular)
alailiu (dative neuter singular)
alaili (masculine nominative plural)
alaili (feminine neuter nominative plural)
alaili (masculine plural vocative)
alailiu (masculine plural vocative)
alaili (feminine neuter plural vocative)
alaili (accusative masculine plural)
alailiu (accusative masculine plural)
alaili (accusative feminine neuter plural)
alaile (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
alailib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
alaile (mutation mutation-radical)
n-alaile (mutation)

From Proto-Celtic *alalyos, reduplicated form of *alyos. The alternative form with r existed already in Proto-Celtic and is the source of the Brythonic forms: Breton/Welsh arall, Cornish aral.

Bui alaili caildech doim oc ernaide Duiblittri isind faichti do guide do-som con·atallad hillis callech.

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 7, pages 115-179:

There was a certain poor old woman waiting for Dublitir in the field, praying for him to let her sleep in the nuns’ hostel.


ucut

Irish: úd

Scottish Gaelic: ud

Probably identical with the prepositional pronoun ocut (“at you”).

Cía for·comam-ni ríagoil sen-Gréc hi scríbunt in dá caractar isnaib ɔsonaib ucut, ro·cruthaigsemmar camaiph immurgu óen charactar – ·f· tar hési ·p· co tinfeth – i n‑epertaib Latinṅdaib.

Although we preserve the rule of the ancient Greeks in writing the two characters in those consonants, we have, however, formed one character – f instead of p with lenition – in Latin words.

(used with the definite article) yon, yonder; that...over there (distal)


ísiu

ísiu (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ísiu (mutation)

From í (deictic particle) + siu (“this”).

Is dúnn imchumurc fil isin chanóin fris·gair lessóm a n‑imchomarc n-ísiu .i. ne occideris .i. in ⸉n‑í⸊írr-siu .i. non. .i. nís·n‑ulemairbfe ci asid·roilliset.

It is to the interrogation that is in the Scripture text that this interrogation answers with him, i.e. ne occideris i.e. will you sg slay i.e. non i.e. you will not slay them all although they have deserved it.

this (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article; emphatic)