fa

Apparently a derivative of some form of the copula is that is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-.

fá (alternative)
ba (alternative)
bá (alternative)


os

ot (plural third-person)
as (alternative)
es (alternative)
is (alternative)

Middle Irish: os

Hamp derives this from Proto-Celtic *sonts, plural *sontes (whence ot); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts. Copular origin explains the use of independent subject pronouns with this conjunction, which otherwise are usually used with the copula is.
A more traditional theory, assumed by Pedersen and Thurneysen among others, supposes that this is a contraction of ocus (“and”), with the apparent copular behaviour being analogical.


air

From the same root as ar (“for”, preposition).


dia

Middle Irish: dia

Irish: dá

Manx: dy

Scottish Gaelic: nan


con

con festar cách


ol

ol is lond [translating commotus est]


ol

in bec máo .i. is bec as máo ol dáu-sa .i. is bec in derscugud

a little greater i.e. she is a little greater than I (am), i.e. the distinction is small


(chiefly in the negative) Alternative spelling of ná (“or, nor”)


ar

From Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂í. Cognates include Ancient Greek παραί (paraí, “beside”) and Old English fore (modern English for and fore).

Alternative spelling of air (“for, since”)


co

head

co (triggers nasalization, followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb, may be followed by an infixed pronoun)

Irish: go

Scottish Gaelic: gu

Manx: dy

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme

From Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”), cognate with Middle Welsh py (“to”). This may be from Proto-Italo-Celtic *kuts ‘some (of the) way’, whence Latin us-quam (“somewhere”), us-que (“all of the way”), and Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction). See Proto-Indo-European *kú (“where”).
The inflected forms on the other hand are from Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe ← *kʷum + *-kʷe, for which compare Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”).

coní

so that…not; corresponding to the nasalizing conjunction

conna

so that…not; corresponding to the leniting conjunction


ce

Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.

It would be a fruit of our labor in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.

Fomnid-si, a phopul núíednissi, ar ce dud·rónath ní di maith fri maccu Israhél…

Take heed, O people of the New Testament, for although some good has been done to the children of Israel…

ɔrabad cech bráthair post alium .i. is huisse ce ru·samaltar fri Críst

so that each brother should be after the other, i.e. it is right that he be compared to Christ


acht

Irish: ach

Manx: agh

Scottish Gaelic: ach

From Proto-Celtic *extos (“except, but”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsto- (“out”), from *h₁eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós, “outside”).

Mógi sidi uili do Día; acht do·rigénsat in descipuil dechor etarru et déu diib: is hed on ɔsecha-som hic.

They are all servants to God; but the disciples had made a distinction between them and (made) gods of them; that is what he corrects here.

Ní imned lim act rop Críst pridches et imme·ráda cách.

It is not tribulation for me provided that it is Christ on whom everyone preaches and meditates.

provided (that) (followed by ro- and the subjunctive mood of the verb)

Fa·didmed aicned, acht dond·ecmaiṅg anísiu.

Nature would have allowed it, except that this happens.

(followed by a nasalizing relative clause) except that


lase

head

lase (followed by a nasalizing relative clause)

Univerbation of la (“with”) + so (“this”)

univ

lase celebirsimme

hi sunt tra con·ricc frissa lind serb in chúrsachta lase fo·ruillecta beóil in chalich di mil cosse anall

Herein, then, he comes into contact with the bitter drink of the reproval, whereas the lips of the chalice have hitherto been smeared with honey


ara

head

ara (negative arna or arná or arnacon or arnachon)

arna (negative)
arná (negative)
arnacon (negative)
arnachon (negative)

ar (“for (the sake of), because of”) + -a (relative pronoun)


noch

From Proto-Celtic *nu-kʷe (“and now”), from Proto-Indo-European *nu-kʷe, equivalent to no- + -ch-. Cognate with Old High German noh (from Proto-Germanic *nuh).


ó

head

ó (triggers lenition, takes independent verbs)

Contested.
* From Proto-Celtic *au (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, down”). Cognate with Latin au-, Sanskrit अव (ava, “down”), Old Church Slavonic оу- (u-).
* From Proto-Celtic *aɸu (“away”), from *apó/*h₂epó (“away”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó), Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”), Latin ab (“from”), Old Church Slavonic по (po), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af).

inh

hó (alternative)
úa (alternative)
húa (alternative)


dég

Middle Irish: déig

From di (“from”) + fíach (“debt”), literally "from the debt of".

Lín a ḟertae maic Dé bí, ní·raisnedat cit ecnae, dég is du híic cech duini do·dechuid mo chlothruiri.

The number of the son of the living God's miracles, not even sages can tell, because it is for saving every person that my famous King has come.

Is díriuch a ndechor deg cinte persana.

Right is their difference since they define persons.

.i. dég ro·bói in spiurt nóib less.

That is, because the Holy Spirit has been with him.


ná

Middle Irish: ná

Irish: ná

Maybe from Proto-Celtic *nāwe (“or not”), from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (“not”) + *-we (“or”). Compare nó (“or”).


sech

Brill Publishers
D. A. Binchy
Osborn Bergin

Probably from Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”) (compare Welsh heb (“without”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”) (compare Latin secus (“along”) and Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “without”)), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Alternatively, from *sek- (“to cut”).

(coordinating) both…and, neither…nor (before negative clauses)


má

Irish: má

Manx: my

Scottish Gaelic: ma

From Proto-Celtic *mā, *ma (compare Cornish and Breton mar), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂. Cognate with Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn, “surely, truly”), Sanskrit स्म (sma).

cog

Má beid ní di rúnaib do·théi ar menmuin ind ḟir bíis inna ṡuidiu et ad·reig.

If there is anything of the mysteries that may come upon the mind of the man who is sitting, and he rises.

Má nudub·feil i n‑ellug coirp Críst, adib cland Abrache amal ṡodin, et it sib ata chomarpi Abracham.

If you pl are in the union of the body of Christ, you are Abraham’s children in that case, and it is you who are Abraham’s heirs.


nó

ꝉ (abbreviation)
nó
also nnó after a proclitic
ending in a vowel
no (alternative)
nú (alternative)
ꝉ (alternative)

Irish: nó

Manx: ny

Scottish Gaelic: no, neo

From Proto-Celtic *nowe (compare Welsh neu and Old Breton nou); nowadays derived from Proto-Indo-European *ne-we, from *ne (“not”) + *-we (“or”), literally “or not”. Compare Latin nēve, which was formed identically.
Stokes derives it from Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to nod”), but in a later publication, prefers *nu (“and, now”).


arna

Univerbation of ara (“so that”) + ná (“not”)

univerbation

arna dich cách assa dligud i n-adaltras tri láthar demuin et tri bar nebcongabthetit-si

lest everyone go out of his duty into adultery through the Devil's machination and through your incontinence

arna té .i. féith forsna muire

so that it may not go, i.e. a calm over the seas

arna derṅmis cum nobis; air dïa ndénmis cum me, do·génmis dano cum nobis

that we might not make cum nobis; for if we made cum me, then we should make cum nobis


cona

Alternative spelling of conna (“so that…not”)


cía

Middle Irish: cía

Irish: cé go

Scottish Gaelic: ged

Manx: ga dy

cía
chía
cía
ce (alternative)
ci (alternative)
cia (alternative)

Uncertain; possibly from the pronoun (Etymology 1).


ocus

desctree

Middle Irish: ocus, acus
Irish: agus
Manx: as
Scottish Gaelic: agus

The adjective, at least, is from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”), with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos.
Griffith separates the origins of the adjective and the conjunction, proposing that the conjunction is instead indeed a derivative of oc (“at”), more specifically as a contraction of occa as (literally “at it which is”).


úa

From Proto-Celtic *aw (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, down”).


assa

Univerbation of ass- (“out of”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)

univerbation

ferr assa ferr

Nesso assa nesso, ↄdid·tánicc fessin.

Nearer and nearer, until [Paul] has come to himself.

Added between two copies of a comparative adjective to indicate a gradual increase of degree: and


indas

Maybe originally a verbal noun of in·fét, from Proto-Celtic *ande-wissu. By surface analysis, ind- + fius.


hóre

⇒ Middle Irish: úair

Genitive singular of úar (“hour, time”), from Latin hōra.

húare (alternative)
óire (alternative)
úaire (alternative)


amal

Irish: amhail


immar

Proposed to be from *ambi-are (“quasi”), from Proto-Celtic *ambi (compare Old Irish imb) and from for, from Proto-Celtic *uɸor (compare Welsh ar), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer)


-ch-

From Proto-Celtic *-kʷe (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”). Cognates include Latin -que, Sanskrit च (ca), Ancient Greek τε (te), Proto-Germanic *-hw → English (thou)gh.

and, used to introduce a word or clause in addition to something preceding.


in tan

head

in tan (followed by the indirect relative)

Middle Irish: in tan
Irish: an tan

Originally the accusative singular of tan (“(point in) time”) after the definite article; thus literally, ‘(at) the time (that)’. The alternative form in tain is older; in tan has been depalatalized in proclitic position.


ní ed a méit

[n͈ʲiː heð a β̃ʲeːdʲ]

Literally, ‘it is not its size’, i.e. that is not all there is to it.

Ní hed a méit non·chretid-si act fo·daimid fochidi airi.

Not only do you pl believe it, but you endure sufferings for it.


huare

Alternative spelling of húare: alternative form of hóre (“because”)


coní

Univerbation of co (“so that”, leniting) + ní (“not”)

univerbation

coní·árim-se peccad libsi uili, ꝉ ara·tart-sa fortacht dúibsi, arnap trom fuirib for n‑oínur

so that I may not count sin with you all, or so that I may give aid to you lest it be heavy on you by yourselves

coní gléu glosses ut non heream


isindí

Univerbation of i (“in”) + *indí (“(s)he who, that which”, dative singular)

univ

in that, since, because (often followed by a nasalising relative clause)


arnach-

Univerbation of ara (“so that”) + nach- (“not”).

Alternative form of arna (“(so) that…not”) used before an infixed pronoun


resíu

From ré (“before”) + síu (“this”), the latter being a dative singular neuter of so (“this”).


iarsindí

From iar (“after”) + a (“the”) + í (“(deictic particle)”).

compound

.i. is fudumuin ind rúnso ícc in domuin et omnium hominum per misericordiam iarsindí batir inricci du báas huili.

Profound is this mystery, the salvation of the world et omnium hominum per misericordiam, after they all were worthy of death.

.i. iarsindí ad·cuaid-som di neuch imme·thecrathar Críst di anechtair, ɔ·toi talmaidiu du aisndis de fessin híc.

After he has spoken of what covers Christ on the outside, he turns suddenly to set forth concerning himself.

Is dó sein ar·roét-som in n-ainm as Cothraige, iarsindí fo·ruigénai do cethartreib.

It is from that that he assumed the name "Cothraige", after having served four households.


cid ara

head

cid ara (followed by a relative construction)

Cid ara n-eperr Críth Gablach?

Críth Gablach, published in Críth Gablach (1941, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited by Daniel Anthony Binchy, paragraph 1, line 1

As·berid-si, cid arind·epur frit?

Amal du·berad nech hi ceist do Dauid: “Húare is móir sléb fírinne Dǽ, cid ara fodmai-siu, ⟨a⟩ Dauid, didiu a ndu imnedaib ⁊ frithoircnib fodaimi? Air it fírián-⟨s⟩u.” Ícaid-som didiu anísin, a n-as·mbeir iudicia Domini abisus multa .i. ataat mesai Dǽ nephchomtetarrachti amal abis ⁊ amal fudumain. Is ed in sin fod·era in n-erígim, cid ara fodaim int aís fírián inna fochaidi, ⁊ cid ara mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib.

As though someone had put as a question to David: “Because God’s righteousness is as great as a mountain, why then, David, dost thou suffer what of afflictions and injuries thou sufferest? For thou art righteous.” He solves that then when he says “iudicia Domini abyssus multa”, i.e. there are judgments of God incomprehensible like an abyss and like a depth. That is what causes the complaint why the righteous folk endure tribulations, and why sinners are in prosperity.


duús in

Contracted from do ḟius in (literally “for knowledge whether”).

trisin intamail sin .i. combad ǽt leu buid domsa i n-iriss et duús in intamlitis

through that imitation, i.e. so that there may be jealousy with them for me to be in faith and if by chance they might imitate [me]

No scrútain-se, in tan no mbíinn isnaib fochaidib, dús in retarscar cairde ṅDǽ ⁊ a remcaissiu, ⁊ ní tucus-sa insin, in ru·etarscar fa naic.

I used to consider, when I was in the tribulations, [to see] whether the covenant of God and his providence had departed, and I didn't understand that, whether it had departed or not.


fo bíthin

[ɸoˈβʲiːθʲinʲ]

fo bíthin ara·chíurat


arindí

From ar (“because of”) + ind (“the”, dative singular) + í (deictic particle).

compound

Sech nis·n-ærba[r]t[at]ar immurgu, acht is arindí ronda·geinset ho gnimaib.

Although they did not say them, however, but it is because they did them in deeds.

.i. airindí a·treba leiss adrad Martis.

i.e. because he possesses the worship of Mars. [glossing Latin Martius]


fo bíth

head

fo bíth (followed by an independent relative verb)

From fo (“under”) + bíth (obsolete verbal noun of benaid (“to strike”)), literally “under the stroke of”.

compound

obsolete verbal noun of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">benaid</i> (“to strike”)

fu bíth (alternative)
fo bíthin (alternative)
fu bíthin (alternative)

Absidias .i. circulos .i. fu bíth do·ṅgníat cercol ocond ocbáil.

Name for the depths [?] wherein is the rising up to the constellation. Absidias, i.e. circulos, because they make a circle in the rising.


ɔna

Ɔna tíssed etir in dígal; níba samlid insin, acht du·fïastar tra cenn-som.

So that the punishment should not come at all; that will not be so, but punishment will be inflicted because of them.


conna

ɔna (abbreviation)
cona (alternative)
coná (alternative)
conná (alternative)

Univerbation of co (“so that”, nasalizing) + ná (“not”)


lassaní

head

lassaní (followed by a nasalizing relative clause)

Univerbation of la (“with”) + (s)aní (“that which”)

univ

.i. lassaní rund·gab lat ande[de]so