and

Middle Irish: ann

Irish: ann

Manx: ayn

Scottish Gaelic: ann

From Proto-Celtic *andom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó. The adverbial sense of this term is the original one, and it has an etymology independent of i.

Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.

It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.

Is and didiu for·téit spiritus ar n-énirti-ni in tain bes n-inun accobor lenn .i. la corp et anim et la spirut.

So it is then that the spirit helps our weakness when we have the same desire, to wit, body and soul and spirit.


do

From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.


tall

Irish: thall

Manx: hoal

Scottish Gaelic: thall

Is bec ndi dechur fil etarru siu ⁊ tall.

There is little difference between them here and there.

amal du·ratsat sacaird tall bendachta forsin popul

as the priests had blessed the people then


co

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷóbʰi or *kʷódʰi.

Co·bbia mo ḟechtas?


mos

head

mos (preverbal; followed by the dependent form of the verb)

mos
also mmos after a proclitic
ending in a vowel
mus (alternative)

From Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”). Doublet of moch.

Fo·mentar mo rígtin-se; mos riccub-sa.

May you take heed of my arrival; I shall arrive soon.


arse

Univerbation of airi (“for the sake of it; therefore”) + se (“this”)

univ

Ní nád ṁbed arse di chorp, act atá de.

Not that it might not be therefore of (the) body, but (rather) it is of it


mad

desc

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">mad génair</i> (“fortunately was born”)

⇒ Middle Irish: modgénair, mogénar (from mad génair (“fortunately was born”))

Irish: méanar

Manx: maynrey

mad
also mmad after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


andes

Middle Irish: anes, aness

Irish: aneas

Manx: niass

Scottish Gaelic: a deas

Amal rund·gab slíab Sión andes ⁊ antúaid du⟨n⟩ chath⟨raig⟩ dïa dítin, sic rund·gabsat ar ṅdá thoíb du dítin ar n-inmedónach-ni.

As Mount Sion is located on the south and the north of the city to protect it, so are our two sides there to protect our insides.


bec

Irish: beagnach

.i. bec nacham·ralae i nderchoíniud ón

i.e. that is, it has almost cast me into despair.

almost (followed by the negative particle nach)


festa

From earlier fecht (“occasion”) + -sa (“this”).


cair

Univerbation of cía (“what?”) + air (“for”), although the existence of Middle Welsh pyr (“why?”) suggests the univerbation may have happened already in Proto–Insular Celtic.
Thurneysen suggests that the above etymology applies only to the sense “why?”, while the interrogative particle is from Latin quaere. This seems unnecessary, especially since quaere itself is never used this way.


cene

Irish: cheana

Manx: hannah

Scottish Gaelic: a-cheana


sund

sund
ṡund
sunda (alternative)
sunna (alternative)
sunt (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Celtic *sondos (more specifically, its dative singular *sondūi); cognate with Welsh hwn (“this”).


cose

Alternative spelling of cosse (“up to now”)


moch

moch
also mmoch after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”). Doublet of mos.


anís

Irish: aníos

Manx: neese

Scottish Gaelic: a-nis

From an- (“from”) + ís (“below, under”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸīssu, from Proto-Indo-European *pedsú, locative plural of *pṓds (“foot”).

Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aīs sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.

They eat it from above and he roots it up from below; for it does not exterminate the vine to eat of anything of it from above, as do the passers-by whom he speaks of, i.e. for it is only a passing visit that they make [lit: ‘that they visit’] to the vine to take something for themselves of its fruit.


trá

Irish: trá

trá
thrá
trá
.t. (alternative abbreviation)
thrá (alternative)

Unknown. Maybe related to tar (“across”).

now, therefore, then (in conclusion to what comes before)


cosse

Univerbation of co (“up to, until”) + se (“this”)


indossa

Irish: anois

Manx: nish

Scottish Gaelic: a-nis


innocht

Irish: anocht

Manx: noght

Scottish Gaelic: a-nochd

From in (“the”, definite article) followed by some oblique case-form of Proto-Celtic *noxs.


cía

From Proto-Celtic *kʷei (compare Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís.

ce (alternative)
ci (alternative)
cia (alternative)


indiu

Irish: inniu

Manx: jiu

Scottish Gaelic: an-diugh

From either i (“in”) or in (“the”) plus the dative singular of día (“day”).


cuin

Scottish Gaelic: cuin

From Proto-Celtic *kʷani. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷís. Cognate with Welsh pan (“when”, conjunction), Cornish pan (“when”, conjunction) Breton pa (“when”, conjunction). Compare also Latin quando, Proto-Germanic *hwan (“when”).

Cuin do·rega?


cid

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷís); compare Latin quid, Cornish pyth, Welsh pa.

cid ara·mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib


cía airm

Ní fiastar som cía airm indid immaircide do epert amén – "He will not know where it is fitting in it for him to say amen".


cairm

Cairm in tibre dam? – Where will you give [it] to me?


cía dú

Cía dú cosa·tiagam? – "Where are we going?" (lit. "What place to which we are going?")

(interrogative) where (to what place), whither?


cía chruth

Is hésom ro·fitir cía chruth pridchimmeni – "It is he who knows how we preach"


cía indas

Décaid a eredig ⁊ a arma cía indas rund·gabsat – "Behold his cup and his weapons, how they are."


cindas

Irish: conas

Manx: kanys

Scottish Gaelic: cionnas

Cindas rainnfither in mucc? – "How will the pig be divided?"


etir

Scottish Gaelic: idir

Ɔna tíssed etir in dígal; níba samlid insin, acht du·fïastar tra cenn-som.

So that the punishment should not come at all; that will not be so, but punishment will be inflicted because of them.

amal ní bimmis fíu ní etir


i mbárach

Irish: amárach

Manx: mairagh

Scottish Gaelic: a-màireach

From bárach, from Proto-Celtic *bāregos (“morning”) (compare Welsh bore (“morning”)). Folk etymology derives it from am ba árach (“cow tying time”) when cows were milked once each day.


siu

Is hé ru·fiastar cumachtae inna díglae do·mbi{u}r-siu húa londas, intí du·écigi{gi} is ar trócairi ⁊ censi du·bir-siu forunni siu innahí fo·daimem ré techt innúnn.

He who will know the power of the punishment which you sg inflict by means of wrath, it is he who will see that it is for the sake of mercy and gentleness that you inflict on us here the things that we suffer before going there.


irráir

Irish: aréir

Manx: riyr

Scottish Gaelic: a-raoir

From ar (“before”) + *fár (“dawn”) (> Middle Irish fáir). Compare camáir (“dawn”) (< co + *fár, literally “with dawn”). Cognate with Welsh gwawr (“dawn”).


beus

Middle Irish: beós, bós

Irish: fós

Scottish Gaelic: fòs

Aní as·berinn cosse, is ed as·bǽr beus .i. derchoíniud du remcaisin Dǽ dínni ón.

What I used to say up to now, I will say still, namely this is the despair of us for a providence of God.


túaid

Irish: thuaidh

Manx: twoaie

Scottish Gaelic: tuath

túaid
thúaid
túaid
thúaid (alternative)
túaith (alternative)

From Proto-Celtic *towto- (“north, left”)


.i.

Originally an abbreviation of Latin id est used in medieval manuscripts.


riam

desctree

Middle Irish: ríam
Irish: riamh
Manx: rieau
Scottish Gaelic: riamh, a-riamh

Irish: roimh


ed ón

Irish: eadhon

Scottish Gaelic: eadhon


bés

head

bés (precedes the verb, which is in the subjunctive)

Bés as·bera-su as n‑ai⟨n⟩m dosom animus ci at·bela.

Maybe you would say that animus is its name though it may die.

béso

combined with the present subjunctive of the copula


cummae

cummae
chummae
cummae
cumbae (alternative)
cumme (alternative)

From Proto-Celtic *kombeyom, from *kom- (“with”) + *beyom, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike”).


anúas

Irish: anuas

Scottish Gaelic: a-nuas

From an- + úas (“over, above”), from Proto-Celtic *ouxsos (“above”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewpso- (“above”) (compare Ancient Greek ὕψι (húpsi)).

Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aís sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.


in fecht so

Irish: feasta (“from now on”)

desc

Scottish Gaelic: fhathast (“still, yet”), am-feast (“ever, forever”)

Literally ‘at this time,' from in + fecht + so.

Béoigidir in spirut in corp in fect so.


didiu

Univerbation of di (“from”, leniting preposition with dative) + ṡuidiu (“this”, stressed anaphoric pronoun).

univerbation

dĭ (alternative abbreviation)
didu (alternative)


amal sodin

Is gúḟorcell do·beram do Día amal ṡodin.

It is false testimony that we give to God in that case.

Má nudub·feil i n‑ellug coirp Críst, adib cland Abrache amal ṡodin, et it sib ata chomarpi Abracham.

If you pl are in the union of the body of Christ, you are Abraham’s children in that case, and it is you who are Abraham’s heirs.

Air mad panem nammá du·berad-som ⁊ ní taibred meum, ro·bad dund ṡásad dïant ainm panis tantum no·regad; húare immurgu du·n-uic meum, is ar chech ṡásad da·uic-som amal ṡodin.

For if it were panem only that he put and he did not put meum, it would be only to the food to which is [given] the name panis that it would apply; however, because he has put meum, it is for every food then that he has put it.


olchenae

Middle Irish: olchena, archena

Irish: olcheana, archeana

From al (“beyond”) + cene (“without it”).

Ní airegdu a persan-som ol·daas persan na n‑abstal olchene, ceto thoísegu i n‑iriss.

Their persons are not more eminent than the persons of the rest of the apostles, though they are prior in faith.

(after a noun or pronoun) the other(s), the rest


immurgu

head

immurgu (never the first word in its clause)

desctree

Middle Irish: immorro, immurgu (archaic)
Irish: iomorra

Thurneysen suggests it may be from imm- (intensive prefix) + ro- (“very”) + gáu (“untruth”), which seems unlikely both formally and semantically.
Stüber proposes another etymology from virtual Proto-Celtic *ambi-ɸro-gusom, i.e. imm- (“around”) + rogu (“choice”), but also struggles to provide a semantic derivation.

immargu (alternative)
imurgu (alternative)
im̅ (alternative abbreviation)
im̅r (alternative abbreviation)


íarum

Irish: iaramh

Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.

This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.

Ní taibre grád for nech causa a pectha ꝉ a chaíngníma: ar bíit alaili and ro·finnatar a pecthe resíu do·coí grád forru; alaili is íarum ro·finnatar. Berir dano fri láa brátha.

You sg should not confer orders on anyone because of his sin or of his good deed: for there are some whose sins are found out before their ordination, others whose [sins] are found out afterwards. Reference is made, then, to the day of judgment.

Trén ⁊ mór in chairdine do·rigni⟨s⟩ friu hi tossuch ⁊ cot⟨a⟩·ascrais íarum.

Strong and great (was) the covenant you sg had made with them at first and you annulled it afterwards.


i tosuch

Irish: i dtosach

hi tossuch (alternative)
i tossug (alternative)

Is bés trá dosom anísiu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.


amein

From imb (“around, about”) + sin (“that”); the spelling may be influenced by Ancient Greek ἀμήν (amḗn, “amen”), from Biblical Hebrew אָמֵן (ʾāmēn, “so be it”).

noncog

amin (alternative)
amne (alternative)
amnin (alternative)

Cote mo thorbe-se dúib mad [a]mne labrar?

What do I profit you pl (lit. ‘what is my profit to you’) if it be thus that I speak (subj)?


nammá

Middle Irish: amáin

Irish: amháin

Scottish Gaelic: a-mhàin

A petrified phrase derived from a negated form of má (“more”) (a comparative form of mór, már (“great”)), thus ‘not more’.

Acht nammáa is samlid is torbe són, co eter·certa a n‑as·bera et con·rucca i n‑ætarcne cáich.

But it is only thus that this is a profit, that he may interpret what he says and bring it into everyone’s understanding.

Air mad panem nammá du·berad-som ⁊ ní taibred meum, ro·bad dund ṡásad dïant ainm panis tantum no·regad; húare immurgu du·n-uic meum, is ar chech ṡásad da·uic-som amal sodin.

For if it were panem only that he put and he did not put meum, it would be only to the food to which is [given] the name panis that it would apply; however, because he has put meum, it is for every food then that he has put that.


samlaid

Middle Irish: amlaid

Irish: amhlaidh

Scottish Gaelic: amhlaidh

samlid (alternative)
samlith (alternative)


in chrud so

Mainip in chrud so bid anglan for cland, .i. a lliles dind ancretmiuch bid ancretmech.

Unless it is in this way, your children will be unclean, i.e. whatever follows the unbelieving will be unbelieving.

Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.

It would be a fruit of our labor in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.

mad in chrud so bemmi .i. co comalnammar a pridchimme et comman dessimrecht do chách

if this is how we will be [lit. ‘if it is (in) this way that we will be’], i.e. that we may fulfill what we preach and may be an example to everyone


uraid

Middle Irish: uraid

Irish: anuraidh

Manx: nurree

Scottish Gaelic: an-uiridh

From Proto-Celtic *ɸeruti, from Proto-Indo-European *péruti.

ón n-urid

...ind ordnasc do·ratus-[s]a duit-siu in uraid, in mair latt?

c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 263:

The ring I gave you last year, is it still with you?


co bráth

Middle Irish: co bráth

Irish: go brách

Manx: dy bragh (“never”)

Scottish Gaelic: gu bràth

From co (“until”, preposition with accusative) + bráth (“the Last Judgement”).


immallé

⇒ Manx: marish

From imm (“about”) + a (“that which”) + la (“with”).

af

Is immallé fos·didmat.


inna théchtu

Bíid cach gním inna théchtu.


ó mulluch co talmain

Iarsin trosc[ud] tanaise ro·tuit [sic] in tenid co rro·loisc hé o mulluch co talmin.

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 72, pages 115-179:

After [Máel Ruain's] second fasting, fire came down [on the king] and burnt [the king] from head to toe.


in chruth sin

Is súaichnid, manid·chretid esséirge Críst et mortuorum, níb·noíbfea for n-ires in chruth sin et níb·scara fri bar pecthu.

It is obvious, unless you pl believe in the resurrection of Christ and the dead, your faith will not sanctify you in that way and does not separate you from your sins.


noch is

Conda·rías .i. noch is nonda·ges ón, co nderlaig⟨e⟩ dam són innahí no·guidim daitsiu.

that I may bind them, i.e. that I pray that for them thus, that is to say, that you pl forgive me (for) the things that I pray for to you


innonn

Middle Irish: innond

Irish: anonn

Scottish Gaelic: a-nunn, a-null

Manx: noon

Assimilated from *innoll, from ind (“in it”) + allae (“yonder”)

innunn (alternative)
innúnn (alternative)

Is hé ru·fiastar cumachtae inna díglae do·mbi{u}r-siu húa londas, intí du·écigi{gi} is ar trócairi ⁊ censi du·bir-siu forunni siu innahí fo·daimem ré techt innúnn.

He who will know the power of the punishment which you sg inflict by means of wrath, it is he who will see that it is for the sake of mercy and gentleness that you inflict on us here the things that we suffer before going there.


innúnn

Alternative form of innonn (“there, thither”)


hi tossuch

Alternative spelling of i tosuch (“at first”)


cammaiph

cammaiph
chammaiph
cammaiph
camai (alternative)
camaiph (alternative)
cammaib (alternative)
cammaif (alternative)

Perhaps from camm (“false”) + oíb (“appearance”)


camaiph

Alternative spelling of cammaiph (“however”)


camaiph immurgu

From cammaiph (“however”) + immurgu (“however”).

Cía for·comam-ni ríagoil sen-Gréc hi scríbunt in dá caractar isnaib ɔsonaib ucut, ro·cruthaigsemmar camaiph immurgu óen charactar – ·f· tar hési ·p· co tinfeth – i n‑epertaib Latinṅdaib.

Although we preserve the rule of the ancient Greeks in writing the two characters in those consonants, we have, however, formed one character – f instead of p with lenition – in Latin words.


antúaid

Middle Irish: atúaid

Irish: aduaidh

Scottish Gaelic: a tuath

Amal rund·gab slíab Sión andes ⁊ antúaid du⟨n⟩ chath⟨raig⟩ dïa dítin, sic rund·gabsat ar ṅdá thoíb du dítin ar n-inmedónach-ni.

As Mount Sion is located on the south and the north of the city to protect it, so are our two sides there to protect our insides.


ar éicin

ar (“on account of”) + éicin (“necessity”, dat. sg.)

compound

ar écin (alternative)
ar eicin (alternative)
ar ecin (alternative)
ar ecein (alternative)
ár écin (alternative)

.i. air-nap ár écin da·gnet

i.e. that it not be under compulsion that they do it


aníar

Irish: aniar

Manx: neear

Scottish Gaelic: an iar