See astoing in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "etchid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: etchid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: etchid"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "eitigh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: eitigh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: eitigh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*exsstungeti",
"t": "to bend out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *exsstungeti (“to bend out”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of Proto-Celtic *exsstungeti (“to bend out”) and tongaid (“to swear”). The two verbs are genetically unrelated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "as·toing",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "·eitig",
"tags": [
"prototonic"
]
},
{
"form": "etech",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-conj-complex\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "as·toing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"deuterotonic",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "·eitig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"prototonic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "·eitegar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"prototonic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "at·cuitig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"deuterotonic",
"perfect",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "as·tó",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"deuterotonic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "·ettis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"prototonic",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "etech",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"noun-from-verb",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "as·toing",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "as·thoing",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "as·toing",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "{{{prot2}}}",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "etech",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{conj}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{conj2}}}",
"7": "prototonic",
"8": "·eitig",
"9": "",
"head": "as·toing"
},
"expansion": "as·toing (prototonic ·eitig, verbal noun etech)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etech",
"head": "as·toing",
"prot": "·eitig"
},
"expansion": "as·toing (prototonic ·eitig, verbal noun etech)",
"name": "sga-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"perfect_3s_deut": "at·cuitig",
"present_3s_deut": "as·toing",
"present_3s_prot": "·eitig",
"present_class": "B III",
"present_ps_prot": "·eitegar",
"preterite_class": "reduplicated",
"subjunctive_2s_prot": "·ettis",
"subjunctive_3s_deut": "as·tó",
"subjunctive_class": "s",
"verbal_noun": "etech"
},
"name": "sga-conj-complex"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "May you not refuse anyone... [unintelligible; without a cow? except in the case of bad service? without a burdensome retinue (if read as cena dáim n-ainceisse]?",
"text": "Ní ettis nech cena domanches.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "...women who refuse [food] to every kind of person, these are the women who do not deserve any honour-price.",
"text": "[...] ben is·toing cach richt, ate mná ind-so ná dlé lóg-enech.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to refuse"
],
"id": "en-astoing-sga-verb-R9KotZIr",
"links": [
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/asˈtoŋʲɡʲ/"
}
],
"word": "astoing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "etchid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: etchid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: etchid"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "eitigh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: eitigh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: eitigh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*exsstungeti",
"t": "to bend out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *exsstungeti (“to bend out”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of Proto-Celtic *exsstungeti (“to bend out”) and tongaid (“to swear”). The two verbs are genetically unrelated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "as·toing",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "·eitig",
"tags": [
"prototonic"
]
},
{
"form": "etech",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-conj-complex\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "as·toing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"deuterotonic",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "·eitig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"prototonic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "·eitegar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"prototonic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "at·cuitig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"deuterotonic",
"perfect",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "as·tó",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"deuterotonic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "·ettis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"prototonic",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "etech",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"noun-from-verb",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "as·toing",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "as·thoing",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "as·toing",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "{{{prot2}}}",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "etech",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{conj}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{conj2}}}",
"7": "prototonic",
"8": "·eitig",
"9": "",
"head": "as·toing"
},
"expansion": "as·toing (prototonic ·eitig, verbal noun etech)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etech",
"head": "as·toing",
"prot": "·eitig"
},
"expansion": "as·toing (prototonic ·eitig, verbal noun etech)",
"name": "sga-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"perfect_3s_deut": "at·cuitig",
"present_3s_deut": "as·toing",
"present_3s_prot": "·eitig",
"present_class": "B III",
"present_ps_prot": "·eitegar",
"preterite_class": "reduplicated",
"subjunctive_2s_prot": "·ettis",
"subjunctive_3s_deut": "as·tó",
"subjunctive_class": "s",
"verbal_noun": "etech"
},
"name": "sga-conj-complex"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish class B III present verbs",
"Old Irish complex verbs",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish reduplicated preterite verbs",
"Old Irish s subjunctive verbs",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)tewg-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with quotations",
"Old Irish verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "May you not refuse anyone... [unintelligible; without a cow? except in the case of bad service? without a burdensome retinue (if read as cena dáim n-ainceisse]?",
"text": "Ní ettis nech cena domanches.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "...women who refuse [food] to every kind of person, these are the women who do not deserve any honour-price.",
"text": "[...] ben is·toing cach richt, ate mná ind-so ná dlé lóg-enech.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to refuse"
],
"links": [
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/asˈtoŋʲɡʲ/"
}
],
"word": "astoing"
}
Download raw JSONL data for astoing meaning in Old Irish (4.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: astoing/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"astoing"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "astoing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"astoing"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "astoing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"astoing"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "astoing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for as·toing",
"path": [
"astoing"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "astoing",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.