uisce

uisce (nominative singular)
uisce (dual nominative)
uisci (nominative plural)
uisci (singular vocative)
uisce (dual vocative)
uisciu (plural vocative)
uisce (accusative singular)
uisce (accusative dual)
uisciu (accusative plural)
uisci (genitive singular)
uisce (dual genitive)
uisce (genitive plural)
uisciu (dative singular)
uiscib (dative dual)
uiscib (dative plural)
uisce (mutation mutation-radical)
n-uisce (mutation)

desctree

Irish: uisce, uisge (obsolete)
→ English: whiskey

Manx: ushtey

Scottish Gaelic: uisge
→ English: whisky

From Proto-Celtic *udenskyos, from Proto-Indo-European *wódr, *udéns.


mid

meda (genitive)
mid (nominative singular)
mid (singular vocative)
mid (accusative singular)
medo (genitive singular)
meda (genitive singular)
mid (dative singular)
mid (mutation mutation-radical)
also mmid after a proclitic (mutation mutation-radical)
ending in a vowel (mutation mutation-radical)
mid (mutation mutation-nasal)

Middle Irish: mid

Irish: meá

Scottish Gaelic: meadh

From Primitive Irish *ᚋᚓᚇᚒ (*medu), from Proto-Celtic *medu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

mesce tre ol corma(e) nó chingiti meda(e)

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 40, pages 115-179:

tipsiness through drinking beer or a goblet of mead


fuil

folo (genitive)
fuil (nominative singular)
fuil (dual nominative)
fuili (nominative plural)
fuil (singular vocative)
fuil (dual vocative)
fuili (plural vocative)
fuil (accusative singular)
fuil (accusative dual)
fuili (accusative plural)
folo (genitive singular)
fola (genitive singular)
folo (dual genitive)
fola (dual genitive)
fuile (genitive plural)
fuil (dative singular)
fuilib (dative dual)
fuilib (dative plural)
fuil (mutation mutation-radical)
ḟuil (mutation mutation-nasal)
fuil (mutation)

Middle Irish: fuil
Irish: fuil
Manx: fuill
Scottish Gaelic: fuil

From Proto-Celtic *wolis, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to strike, wound”).


sál

sál (masculine nominative singular stem)
sáil (masculine singular stem vocative)
sál (accusative masculine singular stem)
sáil (genitive masculine singular stem)
sál (dative masculine singular stem)

Irish: sáile

Scottish Gaelic: sàl

From Proto-Celtic *sālos (whence Welsh hâl (“salty water”)), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Akin to Latin sal and English salt.


ór

óir (genitive)
ór (nominative singular)
ór (singular vocative)
ór (accusative singular)
óir (genitive singular)
ór (dative singular)
ór (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ór (mutation)

Irish: ór

Manx: airh

Scottish Gaelic: òr


bláthach

bláthach (nominative singular)
bláthaig (dual nominative)
bláthcha (nominative plural)
bláthach (singular vocative)
bláthaig (dual vocative)
bláthcha (plural vocative)
bláthaig (accusative singular)
bláthaig (accusative dual)
bláthcha (accusative plural)
bláthchae (genitive singular)
bláthach (dual genitive)
bláthach (genitive plural)
bláthaig (dative singular)
bláthchaib (dative dual)
bláthchaib (dative plural)
bláthach (mutation mutation-radical)
bláthach (mutation mutation-nasal)
mbláthach (mutation)

Middle Irish: bláthach

Irish: bláthach

Scottish Gaelic: blàthach

→ Faroese: blak

→ Norn: blatho


topar

topar (masculine nominative singular stem)
topar (dual masculine nominative stem)
topair (masculine nominative plural stem)
topair (masculine singular stem vocative)
topar (dual masculine stem vocative)
topru (masculine plural stem vocative)
topar (accusative masculine singular stem)
topar (accusative dual masculine stem)
topru (accusative masculine plural stem)
topair (genitive masculine singular stem)
topar (dual genitive masculine stem)
topar (genitive masculine plural stem)
topar (dative masculine singular stem)
topraib (dative dual masculine stem)
topraib (dative masculine plural stem)
topar (mutation mutation-radical)
thopar (mutation mutation-nasal)
topar (mutation)

Irish: tobar

Scottish Gaelic: tobar

From Proto-Celtic *to-od-bur, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”). However, compare inbhir (“mouth of a river”). Synonymous with tipra.


argat

argait (genitive)
argat (nominative singular)
argat (singular vocative)
argat (accusative singular)
argait (genitive singular)
argut (dative singular)
argat (mutation mutation-radical)
n-argat (mutation)

Irish: airgead

Manx: argid

Scottish Gaelic: airgead

From Proto-Celtic *argantom (“silver”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm (“silver”, literally “that which is shining”), from the root *h₂erǵ- (“to shine”). Cognate with Latin argentum and Old Armenian արծաթ (arcatʻ).


neim

head

neim n or f (genitive neime, nominative plural neimi)

neime (genitive)
neimi (nominative plural)
neim (nominative singular)
neim (dual nominative)
neimi (nominative plural)
neim (singular vocative)
neim (dual vocative)
neimi (plural vocative)
neim (accusative singular)
neim (accusative dual)
neimi (accusative plural)
neime (genitive singular)
neime (dual genitive)
neime (genitive plural)
neimim (dative singular)
neimib (dative dual)
neimib (dative plural)

Irish: nimh

Manx: nieu

Scottish Gaelic: nimh

From Proto-Celtic *neman, degeminated from Proto-Indo-European *nem-mn̥, from *nem- (“to distribute, give”) + *-mn̥ (verbal noun suffix). For the semantic relationship, compare German Gift (“poison, toxin”).


fín

fín (nominative singular)
fín (dual nominative)
fín (nominative plural)
fína (nominative plural)
fín (singular vocative)
fín (dual vocative)
fín (plural vocative)
fín (accusative singular)
fín (accusative dual)
fín (accusative plural)
fíno (genitive singular)
fína (genitive singular)
fíno (dual genitive)
fína (dual genitive)
fín (genitive plural)
fín (dative singular)
fínaib (dative dual)
fínaib (dative plural)
fín (mutation mutation-radical)
ḟín (mutation mutation-nasal)
fín (mutation)

Irish: fíon

Manx: feeyn

Scottish Gaelic: fìon

From Proto-Celtic *wīnom, borrowed from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


íarn

íarn n or m (genitive íairn or éirn, nominative plural íairn or éirn)

íairn (genitive)
éirn (genitive)
íairn (nominative plural)
éirn (nominative plural)
íarn (nominative singular)
íarn (dual nominative)
íarn (nominative plural)
íarna (nominative plural)
íarn (singular vocative)
íarn (dual vocative)
íarn (plural vocative)
íarna (plural vocative)
íarn (accusative singular)
íarn (accusative dual)
íarn (accusative plural)
íarna (accusative plural)
ïairn (genitive singular)
íarn (dual genitive)
íarn (genitive plural)
ïurn (dative singular)
íarnaib (dative dual)
íarnaib (dative plural)
íarn (nominative singular)
íarn (dual nominative)
íarn (nominative plural)
íarna (nominative plural)
íarn (singular vocative)
íarn (dual vocative)
íarn (plural vocative)
íarna (plural vocative)
íarn (accusative singular)
íarn (accusative dual)
íarn (accusative plural)
íarna (accusative plural)
éirn (genitive singular)
íarn (dual genitive)
íarn (genitive plural)
íarn (dative singular)
íarnaib (dative dual)
íarnaib (dative plural)
íarn (masculine nominative singular stem)
íarn (dual masculine nominative stem)
ïairn (masculine nominative plural stem)
ïairn (masculine singular stem vocative)
íarn (dual masculine stem vocative)
íarnu (masculine plural stem vocative)
íarn (accusative masculine singular stem)
íarn (accusative dual masculine stem)
íarnu (accusative masculine plural stem)
ïairn (genitive masculine singular stem)
íarn (dual genitive masculine stem)
íarn (genitive masculine plural stem)
ïurn (dative masculine singular stem)
íarnaib (dative dual masculine stem)
íarnaib (dative masculine plural stem)
íarn (masculine nominative singular stem)
íarn (dual masculine nominative stem)
éirn (masculine nominative plural stem)
éirn (masculine singular stem vocative)
íarn (dual masculine stem vocative)
íarnu (masculine plural stem vocative)
íarn (accusative masculine singular stem)
íarn (accusative dual masculine stem)
íarnu (accusative masculine plural stem)
éirn (genitive masculine singular stem)
íarn (dual genitive masculine stem)
íarn (genitive masculine plural stem)
íarn (dative masculine singular stem)
íarnaib (dative dual masculine stem)
íarnaib (dative masculine plural stem)
íarn (mutation mutation-radical)
n-íarn (mutation)

Irish: iarann

Manx: yiarn

Scottish Gaelic: iarann

From Proto-Celtic *īsarnom (compare Welsh haearn, Breton houarn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥.


cuirm

corma (genitive)
cormae (genitive)
cuirm (nominative singular)
cuirm (singular vocative)
cuirm (accusative singular)
cormo (genitive singular)
corma (genitive singular)
cuirm (dative singular)
cuirm (nominative singular)
cuirm (dual nominative)
corman (nominative plural)
cuirm (singular vocative)
cuirm (dual vocative)
corman (plural vocative)
cuirm (accusative singular)
cuirm (accusative dual)
corman (accusative plural)
cormae (genitive singular)
corman (dual genitive)
corman (genitive plural)
cormaim (dative singular)
cormanaib (dative dual)
cormanaib (dative plural)
cuirm (mutation mutation-radical)
chuirm (mutation mutation-nasal)
cuirm (mutation)

Irish: coirm

Scottish Gaelic: cuirm


océn

océn (masculine nominative singular stem)
océn (dual masculine nominative stem)
océin (masculine nominative plural stem)
océin (masculine singular stem vocative)
océn (dual masculine stem vocative)
océnu (masculine plural stem vocative)
océn (accusative masculine singular stem)
océn (accusative dual masculine stem)
océnu (accusative masculine plural stem)
océin (genitive masculine singular stem)
océn (dual genitive masculine stem)
océn (genitive masculine plural stem)
océn (dative masculine singular stem)
océnaib (dative dual masculine stem)
océnaib (dative masculine plural stem)
océn (mutation mutation-radical)
n-océn (mutation)

Irish: aigéan

Scottish Gaelic: aigeann

Borrowed from Latin ōceanus, from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós).


snigid

snigid (conjunct ·snig, verbal noun snige)

·snig (conjunct)
snige (noun-from-verb)
snigid (absolute indicative present singular third-person)
·snig (conjunct indicative present singular third-person)
sniges (indicative present relative singular third-person)
senaig (absolute imperfect indicative preterite singular third-person)
ro·senaig (deuterotonic imperfect indicative perfect singular third-person)
ro·sengatar (deuterotonic imperfect indicative perfect plural third-person)
sinis (absolute future imperfect indicative singular third-person)
snige (absolute first-person imperative noun-from-verb singular)
snigid (mutation mutation-radical)
ṡnigid (mutation mutation-nasal)

Middle Irish: snigid

Irish: snigh

/ˈsʲn͈ʲiɣʲiðʲ/

From Proto-Celtic *snigʷyeti (“to snow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sneygʷʰ- (“to stick to”).

der

amal bróin n-ailgen sniges hi cnai

as the gentle rain that drops into a fleece.

to drip, drop, flow (of liquids, hair, sand)


dobur

dobuir (genitive)
dobur (masculine nominative singular stem)
dobuir (masculine singular stem vocative)
dobur (accusative masculine singular stem)
dobuir (genitive masculine singular stem)
dobur (dative masculine singular stem)
dobur (mutation mutation-radical)
dobur (mutation mutation-nasal)
ndobur (mutation)

Irish: dobhar

⇒ Middle Irish: dobrán

Irish: dobhrán

Scottish Gaelic: dòbhran

From Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”). Compare Middle Welsh dwfyr.


feraid

·fera (conjunct)
ferid (absolute indicative present singular third-person)
·ferai (conjunct indicative present second-person singular)
·fera (conjunct indicative present singular third-person)
·feram (conjunct first-person indicative plural present)
·ferat (conjunct indicative plural present third-person)
fersai (absolute imperfect indicative preterite second-person singular)
ferais (absolute imperfect indicative preterite singular third-person)
·fer (conjunct imperfect indicative preterite singular third-person)
ro·fer (deuterotonic imperfect indicative perfect singular third-person)
·ruar (imperfect indicative perfect prototonic singular third-person)
·roirea (absolute conjunct present singular subjunctive third-person)
·roíret (absolute conjunct plural present subjunctive third-person)
·ferad (absolute past singular subjunctive third-person)
fer (absolute imperative second-person singular)
feraid (mutation mutation-radical)
ḟeraid (mutation mutation-nasal)
feraid (mutation)

sga-conj-simple

<i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">ro-</i>form

desctree

Middle Irish: feraid
Irish: fear (“to grant”)

From Proto-Celtic *werāti. Perhaps from a root Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to turn”) related to *h₂werg-, *werp-, and *wert-. For the semantic development compare the development of Latin versō (“to turn”) to French verser (“to pour”).
Pedersen instead connects it a different Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”), compare with German gewähren (“to grant, allow”).

to pour, to shower, to shed (precipitation)


crú

crú (nominative singular)
crú (singular vocative)
crú (accusative singular)
cróu (genitive singular)
cráu (genitive singular)
crú (dative singular)
crú (mutation mutation-radical)
chrú (mutation mutation-nasal)
crú (mutation)

Irish: cró

From Proto-Celtic *krūs, from Proto-Indo-European *kréwh₂s.


díliu

head

díliu f (genitive dílenn or dílend, nominative plural dílinn or dílind)

dílenn (genitive)
dílend (genitive)
dílinn (nominative plural)
dílind (nominative plural)
díliu (nominative singular)
dílinn (dual nominative)
dílind (dual nominative)
dílinn (nominative plural)
díliu (singular vocative)
dílinn (dual vocative)
dílind (dual vocative)
dílenna (plural vocative)
dílenda (plural vocative)
dílinn (accusative singular)
dílind (accusative singular)
dílinn (accusative dual)
dílind (accusative dual)
dílenna (accusative plural)
dílenda (accusative plural)
dílenn (genitive singular)
dílend (genitive singular)
dílenn (dual genitive)
dílend (dual genitive)
dílenn (genitive plural)
dílinn (dative singular)
díliu (dative singular)
díle (dative singular)
dílennaib (dative dual)
dílendaib (dative dual)
dílennaib (dative plural)
dílendaib (dative plural)
díliu (mutation mutation-radical)
díliu (mutation mutation-nasal)
ndíliu (mutation)

Middle Irish: díle

Irish: díle

Scottish Gaelic: dìle

Borrowed from Latin dīluvium. The n-stem inflection is analogical.
It was soon conflated with the etymologically unrelated díle, for which compare Old Irish liae and Welsh lliant from *liyants, Welsh dillydd from *dī-exs-liyo-, and Old Irish lín (“multitude”) from *līnom (“flood”), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“flow, flood”) (compare Old Church Slavonic лити (liti, “to pour”), Lithuanian líeti).

cog

a n-imbed són ind slóig do·lega na ní téte, fo chosmailius dílenn

the abundance of the army which destroys whatever it comes to, like a deluge


glenaid

head

glenaid (conjunct ·glen, verbal noun glenamon)

·glen (conjunct)
glenamon (noun-from-verb)
glenaid (absolute indicative present singular third-person)
glenait (absolute indicative plural present third-person)
·glen (conjunct indicative present singular third-person)
ro·gíuil (absolute deuterotonic imperfect indicative perfect singular third-person)
gíulait (absolute future imperfect indicative plural third-person)
gíulae (absolute future imperfect indicative relative singular third-person)
·gléu (absolute conjunct first-person present singular subjunctive)
glete (absolute plural present relative subjunctive third-person)
glenamon (absolute first-person imperative noun-from-verb singular)
glenaid (mutation mutation-radical)
glenaid (mutation mutation-nasal)
nglenaid (mutation)

Irish: glean

/ˈɡʲlʲe.nəðʲ/

[ˈɡʲlʲe.nɨðʲ]

From Proto-Celtic *glinati, from Proto-Indo-European *gli-né-H-ti. Cognate with Welsh glynu.


drúcht

drúchta (genitive)
drúcht (nominative singular)
drúcht (dual nominative)
drúchtae (nominative plural)
drúcht (singular vocative)
drúcht (dual vocative)
drúchtu (plural vocative)
drúcht (accusative singular)
drúcht (accusative dual)
drúchtu (accusative plural)
drúchto (genitive singular)
drúchta (genitive singular)
drúchto (dual genitive)
drúchta (dual genitive)
drúchtae (genitive plural)
drúcht (dative singular)
drúchtaib (dative dual)
drúchtaib (dative plural)
drúcht (mutation mutation-radical)
drúcht (mutation mutation-nasal)
ndrúcht (mutation)

Irish: drúcht

Scottish Gaelic: driùchd

Possibly related to Old English dropa, Old Norse dropi (“a drop”).

dew (moisture in the air that settles on plants, etc.)


indéin

Middle Irish: indeóin, inneóin

Irish: inneoin

Manx: ingan

Scottish Gaelic: innean

indéin (mutation mutation-radical)
n-indéin (mutation)

Stokes reconstructs Proto-Celtic *andebnis, from *ande- + the root of benaid (“to strike”). However, modern scholarship holds that benaid comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hit”) and that the n is part of the present suffix, not part of the root. On the other hand, Stokes’ etymology of benaid lists Sanskrit हन्ति (hanti, “to strike, smite”) and Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to strike, wound”) as cognates, meaning he associated it with Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”) (the source of gonaid (“to wound”)). It is thus possible to reconstruct Proto-Celtic *andegʷnis as the source of this as well as the Brythonic cognates (Old Welsh ennian, Welsh einion; Old Cornish ennian, Cornish anwan; Middle Breton anneffn, Breton annev).
The form *andegʷnis is expected to give *indéoin, and that does appear as expected in Middle Irish inneóin and Modern Irish inneoin, suggesting that the spelling indéin (which occurs only once) may be a scribal error.
Alternatively, Pedersen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰi-ponis (giving Proto-Celtic *andeɸonis in our notation), which would be cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, labor”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist, weave”). However, this connection is semantically less plausible than the connection with verbs meaning “strike, hit”.