Ulaid

Ulaid (nominative plural)
Ultu (plural vocative)
Ulto (plural vocative)
Ultu (accusative plural)
Ulto (accusative plural)
Ulad (genitive plural)
Ultaib (dative plural)
Ulaid
nUlaid

desctree

Middle Irish: Ulaid
Irish: Ulaidh
Manx: Ullee
Scottish Gaelic: Ulaidh

→⇒ Latin: Ultōnia

→ Old Norse: Uladztir, Ulaztir
→ English: Ulster

Probably identical to Ancient Greek Ούολουντιοι (Oúolountioi), Ούλουτοι (Oúloutoi), mentioned by Ptolemy. Probably ultimately from ul (“beard”). More at Ulaid.

(plural only) Ulster (a province of Ireland)


Tailtiu

Tailten (genitive)
Tailtiu (nominative singular)
Tailtiu (singular vocative)
Tailtin (accusative singular)
Tailten (genitive singular)
Tailtin (dative singular)
Tailtiu (dative singular)

Middle Irish: Tailtiu

Irish: Tailtin

→ English: Teltown

→ English: Tailtiu

Teltown (a town in County Meath, Ireland)


cathair

head

cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)

cathrach (genitive)
cathraig (nominative plural)
cathair (nominative singular)
cathraig (dual nominative)
cathraig (nominative plural)
cathair (singular vocative)
cathraig (dual vocative)
cathracha (plural vocative)
cathraig (accusative singular)
cathraig (accusative dual)
cathracha (accusative plural)
cathrach (genitive singular)
cathrach (dual genitive)
cathrach (genitive plural)
cathraig (dative singular)
caithir (dative singular)
cathrachaib (dative dual)
cathrachaib (dative plural)
cathair
chathair
cathair

Irish: cathair

Manx: caayr

Scottish Gaelic: cathair

From Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”); possibly cognate with Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”) or Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”).

cog

(do·adb)adar in taidbsiu hi siu tra do(naib) coic cetaib […] ro·bói isin chaithir isind aimsir sin

this appearance, then, is manifested to the five hundred […] that was in the city at that time

Amal rund·gab slíab Sión andes ⁊ antúaid du⟨n⟩ chath⟨raig⟩ dïa dítin, sic rund·gabsat ar ṅdá thoíb du dítin ar n-inmedónach-ni.

As Mount Sion is located on the south and the north of the city to protect it, so are our two sides there to protect our insides.


Bethel

Beithile (genitive)
Bethil (genitive)
Bethel (nominative singular)
Bethel (singular vocative)
Beithil (accusative singular)
Beithile (genitive singular)
Beithil (dative singular)
Bethel
mBethel

Middle Irish: Bethel

Irish: An Bheithil

(biblical) Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Róm

Rómae (genitive)
Róm (nominative singular)
Róm (singular vocative)
Róim (accusative singular)
Rómae (genitive singular)
Róim (dative singular)

Middle Irish: Róim

Irish: An Róimh

Manx: Yn Raue

Scottish Gaelic: An Ròimh

For·comnacair buith a maicc-som hí Róim.

.i. ind Róm fil hí Constantinopoil. Ar ro·hucad airechas inna Rómae co Constantinopoil, rucad dano aainmm.

i.e. the Rome that is in Constantinople. Because the Roman Empire was brought to Constantinople, its name was thus brought with it.

"Ní maith a ndu·gní," ol Pátraic. "Día léicthe dam-sa congbáil súnd, roba[d] tánaise Romae Letha cona Tibir tréthi, mo chathir-se cona Ess Rúaid trea, ⁊ robad do chland-su betis comarpai indi.

"What you're doing isn't good." said Patrick. "If you let me have a settlement here, my city, with its Ess Rúaid [flowing] through it, could have been a second Rome in Latium with its Tiber [flowing] through it, and it would be your children who would be my successors therein."

Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of the Papal States)


Mumu

Muman (genitive)
Mumu (nominative singular)
Mumu (singular vocative)
Mumain (accusative singular)
Muman (genitive singular)
Mumain (dative singular)
Mume (dative singular)
Mumu (dative singular)

Irish: Mumhain

Manx: Mooan

Scottish Gaelic: Mumhain

→ Middle Welsh: Mwen

From the Irish mythological queen Mór Muman, whose name means "great mother;" see máthir.


Ériu

Ériu (nominative singular)
Ériu (singular vocative)
Érinn (accusative singular)
Érenn (genitive singular)
Érinn (dative singular)
Ériu (dative singular)
Ériu
nÉriu

desctree

Middle Irish: Ériu, Hériu
Irish: Éire
Manx: Nerin
Scottish Gaelic: Èirinn

→⇒ Old English: Īrland

Middle English: Irland, Ireland, Irlond

English: Ireland

→ Old French: Irlande

French: Irlande

→ Old Norse: írar
Icelandic: Íri
Faroese: íri
Norwegian Nynorsk: ire
Norwegian Bokmål: ire
→? Old English: Īras

Probably, although the É is unexpected and unexplained, from Proto-Celtic *Φīweriyū.

Ireland (a country and island in Europe)


Albu

Alban (genitive)
Albu (nominative singular)
Albu (singular vocative)
Albain (accusative singular)
Alban (genitive singular)
Albain (dative singular)
Albu (dative singular)
Albu
nAlbu

Irish: Alba, Albain

Manx: Nalbin

Scottish Gaelic: Alba

From Proto-Celtic *albiyū. Compare Old Welsh elbid.


Cóiced Muman

Irish: Cúige Mumhan

Manx: Queiggey Mooan

From cóiced (“province”) + Muman, genitive singular of Mumu (“Munster”).


Connachta

Connacht (genitive)
Connachta (nominative plural)
Connachta (plural vocative)
Connachta (accusative plural)
Connacht (genitive plural)
Connachtaib (dative plural)
Connachta
Chonnachta
Connachta

Irish: Connachta

→ Middle Welsh: Konacht

(plural only) Connacht (a province of Ireland)


Égept

Irish: Éigipt

Manx: Eajipt

Scottish Gaelic: Eiphit

Borrowed from Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos), from Mycenaean Greek *Aiguptos (compare 𐁁𐀓𐀠𐀴𐀍 (a3-ku-pi-ti-jo, “Egyptian”)) (perhaps via Minoan), from Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ (literally “The Temple of the ka of Ptah”), initially referring to the prominent temple in the city of Memphis, once capital in the Middle Kingdom.


Banba

Irish: Banbha

Ireland (an island and country in Europe)


Etáil

Etáil (nominative singular)
Etáil (singular vocative)
Étail (accusative singular)
Étale (genitive singular)
Étail (dative singular)
Etáil
nEtáil

Irish: An Iodáil

Manx: Yn Iddaal

Scottish Gaelic: An Eadailt


Laigin

Laigin (nominative plural)
Laigniu (plural vocative)
Laigniu (accusative plural)
Laigen (genitive plural)
Laignib (dative plural)
Laigin
also Llaigin after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

desctree

Middle Irish: Laigin
Irish: Laighin
Manx: Lion
Scottish Gaelic: Laighean

→ Latin: Lagenia

→ Welsh: Llŷn

From the early Celtic tribe the Laigin, probably from láigen (“spear”), which is probably from the same source that gave Celtiberian/Latin lancea (“light spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to hit”) More at w:Laigin § Etymology.

(plural only) Leinster (a province of Ireland)


Ard Machae

Aird Machae (genitive)
Ard Machae (nominative singular)
Ard Machae (singular vocative)
Ard Machae (accusative singular)
Aird Machae (genitive singular)
Ard Machae (dative singular)
Ard Machae
nArd Machae

Middle Irish: Ard Macha

Irish: Ard Mhacha

→ English: Armagh

From ard (“height”) + Machae (“name of a goddess”), literally "Macha's Height".


Caisel

Caisil (genitive)
Caisel (nominative singular)
Caisel (singular vocative)
Caisel (accusative singular)
Caisil (genitive singular)
Caisiul (dative singular)
Caisel
Chaisel
Caisel

Middle Irish: Caisel

Irish: Caiseal

→ English: Cashel

Literally "ringfort", from Latin castellum.

Cashel (a town in County Tipperary, Ireland)


Israhél

Irish: Iosrael

Manx: Israel

Scottish Gaelic: Iosrael

From Latin Isrāhēl, Isrāēl, from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl).

Fomnid-si, a phopul núíednissi, ar ce dud·rónath ní di maith fri maccu Israhél…

Take heed, O people of the New Testament, for although some good has been done to the children of Israel…

Israel (the region; the ancient kingdom; the Jews taken collectively)


Sodam

Sodam (nominative singular)
Sodam (singular vocative)
Sodaim (accusative singular)
Sodaime (genitive singular)
Sodaim (dative singular)
Sodam
Ṡodam

From Latin Sodoma, from Ancient Greek Σόδομα (Sódoma), from Biblical Hebrew סְדֹם (səḏōm).

(biblical) Sodom (a historical city in the Middle East)