ag

ag (neuter nominative singular)
ag (dual neuter nominative)
aige (neuter nominative plural)
ag (neuter singular vocative)
ag (dual neuter vocative)
aige (neuter plural vocative)
ag (accusative neuter singular)
ag (accusative dual neuter)
aige (accusative neuter plural)
aige (genitive neuter singular)
aige (dual genitive neuter)
aige (genitive neuter plural)
aig (dative neuter singular)
aigib (dative dual neuter)
aigib (dative neuter plural)
ag
n-ag

Irish: agh

Scottish Gaelic: agh ‘heifer’

From Proto-Celtic *agos (“cow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ǵʰós. Compare Old Armenian եզն (ezn), Sanskrit अही (ahī́).


art

art (masculine nominative singular stem)
art (dual masculine nominative stem)
airt (masculine nominative plural stem)
airt (masculine singular stem vocative)
art (dual masculine stem vocative)
artu (masculine plural stem vocative)
art (accusative masculine singular stem)
art (accusative dual masculine stem)
artu (accusative masculine plural stem)
airt (genitive masculine singular stem)
art (dual genitive masculine stem)
art (genitive masculine plural stem)
art (dative masculine singular stem)
artaib (dative dual masculine stem)
artaib (dative masculine plural stem)
art
n-art

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos
Proto-Celtic *artos
Old Irish artInherited from Proto-Celtic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Cornish arth, Welsh arth.


bran

head

bran m (genitive brain or broin, nominative plural brain or broin)

brain (genitive)
broin (genitive)
brain (nominative plural)
broin (nominative plural)
bran (masculine nominative singular stem)
bran (dual masculine nominative stem)
brain (masculine nominative plural stem)
brain (masculine singular stem vocative)
bran (dual masculine stem vocative)
branu (masculine plural stem vocative)
bran (accusative masculine singular stem)
bran (accusative dual masculine stem)
branu (accusative masculine plural stem)
brain (genitive masculine singular stem)
bran (dual genitive masculine stem)
bran (genitive masculine plural stem)
bran (dative masculine singular stem)
branaib (dative dual masculine stem)
branaib (dative masculine plural stem)
bran
mbran

Irish: bran

From Primitive Irish ᚁᚏᚐᚅᚐ (brana), from Proto-Celtic *branos (“raven”), from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”) (compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna).


boc

boc m (genitive buic, nominative plural buic)

buic (genitive)
buic (nominative plural)
boc (masculine nominative singular stem)
bocc (masculine nominative singular stem)
boc (dual masculine nominative stem)
bocc (dual masculine nominative stem)
buic (masculine nominative plural stem)
buicc (masculine nominative plural stem)
buic (masculine singular stem vocative)
buicc (masculine singular stem vocative)
boc (dual masculine stem vocative)
bocc (dual masculine stem vocative)
buccu (masculine plural stem vocative)
boc (accusative masculine singular stem)
bocc (accusative masculine singular stem)
boc (accusative dual masculine stem)
bocc (accusative dual masculine stem)
buccu (accusative masculine plural stem)
buic (genitive masculine singular stem)
buicc (genitive masculine singular stem)
boc (dual genitive masculine stem)
bocc (dual genitive masculine stem)
boc (genitive masculine plural stem)
bocc (genitive masculine plural stem)
buc (dative masculine singular stem)
bucc (dative masculine singular stem)
bocaib (dative dual masculine stem)
bocaib (dative masculine plural stem)
boc
mboc

Irish: boc

Scottish Gaelic: boc

Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.

It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.


dam

From Proto-Celtic *damos, from Proto-Indo-European *dm̥h₂-ó- (“bull”) (compare Albanian dem (“bullock”), Ancient Greek δάμαλος (dámalos, “calf”)), from *demh₂- (“to tame”) (compare Old Irish daimid (“to allow, give in”), Latin domō, English tame).

hind, cow (old feminine form of previous)


orc

orc (masculine nominative singular stem)
orc (dual masculine nominative stem)
oirc (masculine nominative plural stem)
oirc (masculine singular stem vocative)
orc (dual masculine stem vocative)
orcu (masculine plural stem vocative)
orc (accusative masculine singular stem)
orc (accusative dual masculine stem)
orcu (accusative masculine plural stem)
oirc (genitive masculine singular stem)
orc (dual genitive masculine stem)
orc (genitive masculine plural stem)
orc (dative masculine singular stem)
orcaib (dative dual masculine stem)
orcaib (dative masculine plural stem)
orc
n-orc

Irish: arc

Manx: ark

From Proto-Celtic *ɸorkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos. Cognate with Latin porcus and English farrow.


marc

marc m (genitive mairc, nominative plural mairc)

mairc (genitive)
mairc (nominative plural)
marc (masculine nominative singular stem)
marc (dual masculine nominative stem)
mairc (masculine nominative plural stem)
mairc (masculine singular stem vocative)
marc (dual masculine stem vocative)
marcu (masculine plural stem vocative)
marc (accusative masculine singular stem)
marc (accusative dual masculine stem)
marcu (accusative masculine plural stem)
mairc (genitive masculine singular stem)
marc (dual genitive masculine stem)
marc (genitive masculine plural stem)
marc (dative masculine singular stem)
marcaib (dative dual masculine stem)
marcaib (dative masculine plural stem)
marc
also mmarc after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: marc

Scottish Gaelic: marc

From Proto-Celtic *markos (“horse”). Cognate with Welsh march, Breton marc’h, and beyond Celtic with Old English mearh (“horse”).

marc .i. each


mess

messa (genitive)
mess
also mmess after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Middle Irish: mes, mess

Irish: meas

Manx: mess

Scottish Gaelic: meas


fern

fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna)

fernae (genitive)
ferna (nominative plural)
fern (nominative singular)
feirn (dual nominative)
ferna (nominative plural)
fern (singular vocative)
feirn (dual vocative)
ferna (plural vocative)
feirn (accusative singular)
feirn (accusative dual)
ferna (accusative plural)
fernae (genitive singular)
fern (dual genitive)
fern (genitive plural)
feirn (dative singular)
fernaib (dative dual)
fernaib (dative plural)
fern
ḟern
fern

Irish: fearn

⇒ Irish: fearnóg

Manx: farney

Scottish Gaelic: feàrna

From Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Welsh gwern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran).


irar

irar m (genitive irair, nominative plural irair)

irair (genitive)
irair (nominative plural)
irar (masculine nominative singular stem)
irar (dual masculine nominative stem)
irair (masculine nominative plural stem)
irair (masculine singular stem vocative)
irar (dual masculine stem vocative)
iraru (masculine plural stem vocative)
irar (accusative masculine singular stem)
irar (accusative dual masculine stem)
iraru (accusative masculine plural stem)
irair (genitive masculine singular stem)
irar (dual genitive masculine stem)
irar (genitive masculine plural stem)
irar (dative masculine singular stem)
iraraib (dative dual masculine stem)
iraraib (dative masculine plural stem)
irar
n-irar

Middle Irish: ilar

Irish: iolar

Scottish Gaelic: iolair

Manx: urley

From Proto-Celtic *eriros (compare Welsh eryr, Breton erer), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“large bird”).


torc

torc (masculine nominative singular stem)
torc (dual masculine nominative stem)
tuirc (masculine nominative plural stem)
tuirc (masculine singular stem vocative)
torc (dual masculine stem vocative)
turcu (masculine plural stem vocative)
torc (accusative masculine singular stem)
torc (accusative dual masculine stem)
turcu (accusative masculine plural stem)
tuirc (genitive masculine singular stem)
torc (dual genitive masculine stem)
torc (genitive masculine plural stem)
turc (dative masculine singular stem)
torcaib (dative dual masculine stem)
torcaib (dative masculine plural stem)
torc
thorc
torc

Irish: torc


én

head

én m (genitive éuin or éoin, nominative plural éuin or éoin)

éuin (genitive)
éoin (genitive)
éuin (nominative plural)
éoin (nominative plural)
én (masculine nominative singular stem)
én (dual masculine nominative stem)
éuin (masculine nominative plural stem)
éuin (masculine singular stem vocative)
én (dual masculine stem vocative)
éunu (masculine plural stem vocative)
én (accusative masculine singular stem)
én (accusative dual masculine stem)
éunu (accusative masculine plural stem)
éuin (genitive masculine singular stem)
én (dual genitive masculine stem)
én (genitive masculine plural stem)
éun (dative masculine singular stem)
énaib (dative dual masculine stem)
énaib (dative masculine plural stem)

Irish: éan

Manx: eean

Scottish Gaelic: eun

⇒ Middle Irish: senén


ner

ner m (genitive neir, nominative plural neir)

neir (genitive)
neir (nominative plural)
ner (masculine nominative singular stem)
ner (dual masculine nominative stem)
neir (masculine nominative plural stem)
neir (masculine singular stem vocative)
ner (dual masculine stem vocative)
neuru (masculine plural stem vocative)
ner (accusative masculine singular stem)
ner (accusative dual masculine stem)
neuru (accusative masculine plural stem)
neir (genitive masculine singular stem)
ner (dual genitive masculine stem)
ner (genitive masculine plural stem)
neur (dative masculine singular stem)
neraib (dative dual masculine stem)
neraib (dative masculine plural stem)
ner
also nner after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *neros (“hero”) (compare Middle Welsh ner (“chief, hero”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“man, male”).
Witczak rejects this explanation, deriving the word instead from a Proto-Celtic *eɸros (“boar”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epros (“boar”) (Old English eofor, Latin aper, Old Church Slavonic вепрь (veprĭ)), with the n- arising from rebracketing of the demonstrative-final n in accusative *ton eɸron, i.e. overgeneralisation of the nasal mutation. However, Witczak’s explanation ignores the fact that the cluster *‑ɸr- became *‑br- in Proto-Celtic, meaning that a ^×(n)eɸros should become ^×(n)ebros and Old Irish ^×(n)ebar.


molt

head

molt m (genitive muilt, nominative plural muilt)

muilt (genitive)
muilt (nominative plural)
molt (masculine nominative singular stem)
molt (dual masculine nominative stem)
muilt (masculine nominative plural stem)
muilt (masculine singular stem vocative)
molt (dual masculine stem vocative)
moltu (masculine plural stem vocative)
molt (accusative masculine singular stem)
molt (accusative dual masculine stem)
moltu (accusative masculine plural stem)
muilt (genitive masculine singular stem)
molt (dual genitive masculine stem)
molt (genitive masculine plural stem)
molt (dative masculine singular stem)
moltaib (dative dual masculine stem)
moltaib (dative masculine plural stem)
molt
also mmolt after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: molt

Manx: mohlt

Scottish Gaelic: mult

From Proto-Celtic *moltos (“sheep”) (compare Welsh mollt, Gaulish *multon-, source of French mouton).


oí

oí (nominative singular)
aí (nominative singular)
oí (dual nominative)
aí (dual nominative)
oí (nominative plural)
aí (nominative plural)
oí (singular vocative)
aí (singular vocative)
oí (dual vocative)
aí (dual vocative)
oí (plural vocative)
aí (plural vocative)
oí (accusative singular)
aí (accusative singular)
oí (accusative dual)
aí (accusative dual)
oí (accusative plural)
aí (accusative plural)
óe (genitive singular)
óe (dual genitive)
óe (genitive plural)
oí (dative singular)
aí (dative singular)
oíb (dative dual)
oíb (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *owis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis.


og

og n or m or f (genitive ugae, nominative plural ugae)

ugae (genitive)
ugae (nominative plural)
og (neuter nominative singular)
og (dual neuter nominative)
ugae (neuter nominative plural)
og (neuter singular vocative)
og (dual neuter vocative)
ugae (neuter plural vocative)
og (accusative neuter singular)
og (accusative dual neuter)
ugae (accusative neuter plural)
ugae (genitive neuter singular)
ugae (dual genitive neuter)
ugae (genitive neuter plural)
uig (dative neuter singular)
ugaib (dative dual neuter)
ugaib (dative neuter plural)
og
n-og

Irish: ubh

Manx: ooh

Scottish Gaelic: ugh

Uncertain. Originally a neuter s-stem, perhaps *ugos.
This word cannot be derived from Proto-Celtic *āwyom (from which Brittonic words Welsh wy (“egg”) descend), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm, because the -g- and the vowel in Old Irish are unaccounted for.


catt

caitt (genitive)
catt (masculine nominative singular stem)
catt (dual masculine nominative stem)
caitt (masculine nominative plural stem)
caitt (masculine singular stem vocative)
catt (dual masculine stem vocative)
cattu (masculine plural stem vocative)
catt (accusative masculine singular stem)
catt (accusative dual masculine stem)
cattu (accusative masculine plural stem)
caitt (genitive masculine singular stem)
catt (dual genitive masculine stem)
catt (genitive masculine plural stem)
catt (dative masculine singular stem)
cattaib (dative dual masculine stem)
cattaib (dative masculine plural stem)
catt
chatt
catt

Irish: cat

Manx: kayt

Scottish Gaelic: cat

⇒ Middle Irish: caittín

From Proto-Celtic *kattos, either borrowed from or cognate with Latin cattus, which is possibly from Afroasiatic, but see cat for more.

catt ab eo quod est cattus


luch

luch f (genitive lochad, nominative plural lochaid)

lochad (genitive)
lochaid (nominative plural)
luch (nominative singular)
lochaid (dual nominative)
luch (dual nominative)
lochaid (nominative plural)
luch (singular vocative)
lochaid (dual vocative)
luch (dual vocative)
lochtha (plural vocative)
lochaid (accusative singular)
lochaid (accusative dual)
luch (accusative dual)
lochtha (accusative plural)
lochad (genitive singular)
lochad (dual genitive)
lochad (genitive plural)
lochaid (dative singular)
lochthaib (dative dual)
lochthaib (dative plural)
luch
also lluch after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: luch

Manx: lugh

Scottish Gaelic: luch

From Proto-Celtic *lukūts; cognate with Welsh llygod.


coll

coll (masculine nominative singular stem)
coll (dual masculine nominative stem)
cuill (masculine nominative plural stem)
cuill (masculine singular stem vocative)
coll (dual masculine stem vocative)
cullu (masculine plural stem vocative)
coll (accusative masculine singular stem)
coll (accusative dual masculine stem)
cullu (accusative masculine plural stem)
cuill (genitive masculine singular stem)
coll (dual genitive masculine stem)
coll (genitive masculine plural stem)
cull (dative masculine singular stem)
collaib (dative dual masculine stem)
collaib (dative masculine plural stem)

Irish: coll

Manx: coull

Scottish Gaelic: coll

From Proto-Celtic *koslos (“hazel”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóslos (“hazel”) (compare Welsh cyll).

hazel (tree or shrub of the genus Corylus)


lus

lus (nominative singular)
lus (dual nominative)
losae (nominative plural)
lus (singular vocative)
lus (dual vocative)
losu (plural vocative)
lus (accusative singular)
lus (accusative dual)
losu (accusative plural)
loso (genitive singular)
losa (genitive singular)
loso (dual genitive)
losa (dual genitive)
losae (genitive plural)
lus (dative singular)
losaib (dative dual)
losaib (dative plural)
lus
also llus after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: lus

Manx: lus

Scottish Gaelic: lus

From Proto-Celtic *lussus (“medicinal herb, vegetable”), likely influenced by Proto-Celtic *lubā (“herb, plant”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“leaf”).


cú

head

cú m (genitive con, nominative plural coin)

con (genitive)
coin (nominative plural)
cú (nominative singular)
coin (dual nominative)
coin (nominative plural)
cú (singular vocative)
coin (dual vocative)
cona (plural vocative)
coin (accusative singular)
coin (accusative dual)
cona (accusative plural)
con (genitive singular)
con (dual genitive)
con (genitive plural)
coin (dative singular)
cú (dative singular)
conaib (dative dual)
conaib (dative plural)
cú
chú
cú

desctree

Middle Irish: cú
Irish: cú
Manx: coo
Scottish Gaelic: cù

From Primitive Irish ᚉᚒᚅᚐ (cuna, genitive), from Proto-Celtic *kū (compare Welsh ci), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.


lon

lon (masculine nominative singular stem)
lon (dual masculine nominative stem)
luin (masculine nominative plural stem)
luin (masculine singular stem vocative)
lon (dual masculine stem vocative)
lunu (masculine plural stem vocative)
lon (accusative masculine singular stem)
lon (accusative dual masculine stem)
lunu (accusative masculine plural stem)
luin (genitive masculine singular stem)
lon (dual genitive masculine stem)
lon (genitive masculine plural stem)
lun (dative masculine singular stem)
lonaib (dative dual masculine stem)
lonaib (dative masculine plural stem)
lon
also llon after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: lon, lon dubh

Manx: lhondoo, lhonnag

Scottish Gaelic: lon, lon-dubh

According to Stokes, from Proto-Celtic *lux-no-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”).

Turdus merula
Turdus merula#Translingual


bó

head

bó f (genitive bóu or bó, nominative plural baí)

bóu (genitive)
bó (genitive)
baí (nominative plural)
bó (nominative singular)
baí (dual nominative)
baí (nominative plural)
bó (singular vocative)
baí (dual vocative)
bú (plural vocative)
boin (accusative singular)
baí (accusative dual)
bú (accusative plural)
bóu (genitive singular)
bó (genitive singular)
bó (dual genitive)
báo (genitive plural)
bó (genitive plural)
boin (dative singular)
buaib (dative dual)
buaib (dative plural)
bó
mbó

Irish: bó

Manx: booa

Scottish Gaelic: bó, bò

From Proto-Celtic *bāus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.


lín

lín (nominative singular)
lín (dual nominative)
lín (nominative plural)
lína (nominative plural)
lín (singular vocative)
lín (dual vocative)
lín (plural vocative)
lína (plural vocative)
lín (accusative singular)
lín (accusative dual)
lín (accusative plural)
lína (accusative plural)
lín (genitive singular)
lín (dual genitive)
lín (genitive plural)
lín (dative singular)
línaib (dative dual)
línaib (dative plural)
lín
also llín after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: líon (“flax”)

Scottish Gaelic: lìon (“net”)


rón

róin (genitive)
rón (masculine nominative singular stem)
rón (dual masculine nominative stem)
róin (masculine nominative plural stem)
róin (masculine singular stem vocative)
rón (dual masculine stem vocative)
rónu (masculine plural stem vocative)
rón (accusative masculine singular stem)
rón (accusative dual masculine stem)
rónu (accusative masculine plural stem)
róin (genitive masculine singular stem)
rón (dual genitive masculine stem)
rón (genitive masculine plural stem)
rón (dative masculine singular stem)
rónaib (dative dual masculine stem)
rónaib (dative masculine plural stem)
rón
also rrón after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: rón

Unknown. Cognate with Welsh moelrhon (“seal”), which is prefixed with moel (“bald", i.e., "earless”), and Welsh Rhonech, "Steep Holm" (i.e., "place of seals"). Stifter dismisses traditional connections with Welsh rhawn (“coarse animal hair”) as implausible, and supposes that it is instead a Wanderwort from elsewhere. The DIL compares Old English hran (“whale”), but the short vowel of the latter makes it unlikely that the Irish word is borrowed from the English.


ette

ette f (genitive ette, nominative plural etti)

ette (genitive)
etti (nominative plural)
ette (nominative singular)
etti (dual nominative)
etti (nominative plural)
ette (singular vocative)
etti (dual vocative)
etti (plural vocative)
etti (accusative singular)
etti (accusative dual)
etti (accusative plural)
ette (genitive singular)
ette (dual genitive)
ette (genitive plural)
etti (dative singular)
ettib (dative dual)
ettib (dative plural)
ette
n-ette

Irish: eite, eiteog

Manx: fedjag

Scottish Gaelic: ite, iteag

From Proto-Celtic *ɸettiyā, from *ɸeteti (“to fly”), from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to fly”).

ettech

winged; having fins; having wing-like appendages; flying, fluttering


capall

capall m (genitive capaill, nominative plural capaill)

capaill (genitive)
capaill (nominative plural)
capall (masculine nominative singular stem)
capall (dual masculine nominative stem)
capaill (masculine nominative plural stem)
capaill (masculine singular stem vocative)
capall (dual masculine stem vocative)
caipliu (masculine plural stem vocative)
capall (accusative masculine singular stem)
capall (accusative dual masculine stem)
caipliu (accusative masculine plural stem)
capaill (genitive masculine singular stem)
capall (dual genitive masculine stem)
capall (genitive masculine plural stem)
capull (dative masculine singular stem)
caiplib (dative dual masculine stem)
caiplib (dative masculine plural stem)
capall
chapall
capall

Irish: capall

Manx: cabbyl

Scottish Gaelic: capall

→ Old Norse: kapall

Icelandic: kapall

Uncertain. The Old Irish /p/ and the /f/ in Welsh ceffyl suggest an earlier *pp, making it impossible to be directly related to Gaulish Caballo-, which occurs in proper nouns. A common source of the Irish and Welsh words could be a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *cappillus, some kind of contamination of caballus (“horse”) and capellus (“small goat”). Latin caballus is assumed to be a borrowing from Gaulish. This might in turn be a Wanderwort originating in Asia, compare Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “a nag”).


damán

damán (masculine nominative singular stem)
damán (dual masculine nominative stem)
damáin (masculine nominative plural stem)
damáin (masculine singular stem vocative)
damán (dual masculine stem vocative)
damánu (masculine plural stem vocative)
damán (accusative masculine singular stem)
damán (accusative dual masculine stem)
damánu (accusative masculine plural stem)
damáin (genitive masculine singular stem)
damán (dual genitive masculine stem)
damán (genitive masculine plural stem)
damán (dative masculine singular stem)
damánaib (dative dual masculine stem)
damánaib (dative masculine plural stem)


tarb

head

tarb m (genitive tairb, nominative plural tairb)

tairb (genitive)
tairb (nominative plural)
tarb (masculine nominative singular stem)
tarb (dual masculine nominative stem)
tairb (masculine nominative plural stem)
tairb (masculine singular stem vocative)
tarb (dual masculine stem vocative)
tarbu (masculine plural stem vocative)
tarb (accusative masculine singular stem)
tarb (accusative dual masculine stem)
tarbu (accusative masculine plural stem)
tairb (genitive masculine singular stem)
tarb (dual genitive masculine stem)
tarb (genitive masculine plural stem)
tarb (dative masculine singular stem)
tarbaib (dative dual masculine stem)
tarbaib (dative masculine plural stem)
tarb
tharb
tarb

Irish: tarbh

Manx: tarroo

Scottish Gaelic: tarbh

desctree

→ Old Norse: tarfr
Faroese: tarvur m
Icelandic: tarfur m

From Proto-Celtic *tarwos (compare Gaulish taruos), from Proto-Indo-European *táwros (compare Latin taurus).


cruim

cruim (nominative singular)
cruim (dual nominative)
crumai (nominative plural)
cruim (singular vocative)
cruim (dual vocative)
crumai (plural vocative)
cruim (accusative singular)
cruim (accusative dual)
crumai (accusative plural)
crumo (genitive singular)
cruma (genitive singular)
crumo (dual genitive)
cruma (dual genitive)
crumae (genitive plural)
cruim (dative singular)
crumaib (dative dual)
crumaib (dative plural)
cruim
chruim
cruim

Irish: cruimh

Scottish Gaelic: cnuimh

q

compare Irish <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">crumhóg</i> (“maggot”)

⇒ Manx: crooag (compare Irish crumhóg (“maggot”))

From Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis (“worm”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic чрьвь (črĭvĭ), Sanskrit कृमि (kṛ́mi, “worm”).


míl

head

míl n (genitive míl, nominative plural míla or míl)

míl (genitive)
míla (nominative plural)
míl (nominative plural)
míl (nominative singular)
míl (dual nominative)
míl (nominative plural)
míla (nominative plural)
míl (singular vocative)
míl (dual vocative)
míl (plural vocative)
míla (plural vocative)
míl (accusative singular)
míl (accusative dual)
míl (accusative plural)
míla (accusative plural)
míl (genitive singular)
míl (dual genitive)
míl (genitive plural)
míl (dative singular)
mílaib (dative dual)
mílaib (dative plural)
míl
also mmíl after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: míol

Manx: meeyl

Scottish Gaelic: mial

From Proto-Celtic *mīlom (compare Welsh mil), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (compare Dutch maal (“calf”), Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “sheep”)).


fér

fér n (genitive féuir, nominative plural féra)

féuir (genitive)
féra (nominative plural)
fér (nominative singular)
fér (dual nominative)
fér (nominative plural)
féra (nominative plural)
fér (singular vocative)
fér (dual vocative)
fér (plural vocative)
féra (plural vocative)
fér (accusative singular)
fér (accusative dual)
fér (accusative plural)
féra (accusative plural)
féuir (genitive singular)
fér (dual genitive)
fér (genitive plural)
féor (dative singular)
féraib (dative dual)
féraib (dative plural)
fér
ḟér
fér

Irish: féar

Manx: faiyr

Scottish Gaelic: feur

From Proto-Celtic *wegrom (“grass”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weg- (“increase, enlarge”) via a sense ‘outgrowth’. Cognate with Cornish gora and Welsh gwair (“hay”).


bláth

bláth (nominative singular)
bláth (dual nominative)
bláthae (nominative plural)
bláth (singular vocative)
bláth (dual vocative)
bláthu (plural vocative)
bláth (accusative singular)
bláth (accusative dual)
bláthu (accusative plural)
blátho (genitive singular)
blátha (genitive singular)
blátho (dual genitive)
blátha (dual genitive)
bláthae (genitive plural)
bláth (dative singular)
bláthaib (dative dual)
bláthaib (dative plural)
bláth
mbláth

Irish: bláth

Manx: blaa

Scottish Gaelic: blàth

From Proto-Celtic *blātus, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).


íasc

head

íasc m (genitive éisc, nominative plural éisc)

éisc (genitive)
éisc (nominative plural)
íasc (masculine nominative singular stem)
íasc (dual masculine nominative stem)
éisc (masculine nominative plural stem)
éisc (masculine singular stem vocative)
íasc (dual masculine stem vocative)
íascu (masculine plural stem vocative)
íasc (accusative masculine singular stem)
íasc (accusative dual masculine stem)
íascu (accusative masculine plural stem)
éisc (genitive masculine singular stem)
íasc (dual genitive masculine stem)
íasc (genitive masculine plural stem)
íasc (dative masculine singular stem)
íascaib (dative dual masculine stem)
íascaib (dative masculine plural stem)
íasc
n-íasc

Irish: iasc

Manx: eeast

Scottish Gaelic: iasg

From Proto-Celtic *ɸeiskos, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.


mucc

mucc f (genitive muicce, nominative plural mucca)

muicce (genitive)
mucca (nominative plural)
mucc (nominative singular)
muicc (dual nominative)
mucca (nominative plural)
mucc (singular vocative)
muicc (dual vocative)
mucca (plural vocative)
muicc (accusative singular)
muicc (accusative dual)
mucca (accusative plural)
muicce (genitive singular)
mucc (dual genitive)
mucc (genitive plural)
muicc (dative singular)
muccaib (dative dual)
muccaib (dative plural)
mucc
also mmucc after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

desctree

Middle Irish: mucc
Irish: muc
Manx: muc
Scottish Gaelic: muc

From Proto-Celtic *mokkus (compare Welsh moch, Cornish mogh, Breton moc’h).

mucc [translating sus]


scíath

scíath (masculine nominative singular stem)
scíath (dual masculine nominative stem)
scéith (masculine nominative plural stem)
scéith (masculine singular stem vocative)
scíath (dual masculine stem vocative)
scíathu (masculine plural stem vocative)
scíath (accusative masculine singular stem)
scíath (accusative dual masculine stem)
scíathu (accusative masculine plural stem)
scéith (genitive masculine singular stem)
scíath (dual genitive masculine stem)
scíath (genitive masculine plural stem)
scíath (dative masculine singular stem)
scíathaib (dative dual masculine stem)
scíathaib (dative masculine plural stem)

Irish: sciath

Scottish Gaelic: sgiath

From Proto-Celtic *skeitos (compare Breton skoed (“shield”)), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, separate”). Compare Latin scūtum, Old Church Slavonic щитъ (štitŭ).


cúan

cúan (nominative singular)
cúain (dual nominative)
cúana (nominative plural)
cúan (singular vocative)
cúain (dual vocative)
cúana (plural vocative)
cúain (accusative singular)
cúain (accusative dual)
cúana (accusative plural)
cúaine (genitive singular)
cúan (dual genitive)
cúan (genitive plural)
cúain (dative singular)
cúanaib (dative dual)
cúanaib (dative plural)
cúan
chúan
cúan

Middle Irish: cúan

From Proto-Celtic *kounā, related to cú (“dog”).
Attempts to relate to Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”), Lithuanian kaupas (“heap”), and Proto-Germanic *haupaz have been made, but the semantics are difficult to reconcile.


lóeg

head

lóeg m (genitive loíg, nominative plural loíg)

loíg (genitive)
loíg (nominative plural)
lóeg (masculine nominative singular stem)
lóeg (dual masculine nominative stem)
loíg (masculine nominative plural stem)
loíg (masculine singular stem vocative)
lóeg (dual masculine stem vocative)
lóegu (masculine plural stem vocative)
lóeg (accusative masculine singular stem)
lóeg (accusative dual masculine stem)
lóegu (accusative masculine plural stem)
loíg (genitive masculine singular stem)
lóeg (dual genitive masculine stem)
lóeg (genitive masculine plural stem)
lóeg (dative masculine singular stem)
lóegaib (dative dual masculine stem)
lóegaib (dative masculine plural stem)
lóeg
also llóeg after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: lao

Manx: lheiy

Scottish Gaelic: laogh

From Proto-Celtic *lāɸigos (“calf”) (compare Welsh llo, Cornish leugh), diminutive from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂p- (“cattle”) (compare Latvian lùops (“cattle”), Albanian lopë (“cow”)).


láir

láir (nominative singular)
láir (dual nominative)
láiri (nominative plural)
láir (singular vocative)
láir (dual vocative)
láiri (plural vocative)
láir (accusative singular)
láir (accusative dual)
láiri (accusative plural)
láro (genitive singular)
lára (genitive singular)
láro (dual genitive)
lára (dual genitive)
láire (genitive plural)
láir (dative singular)
láirib (dative dual)
láirib (dative plural)

Irish: láir

Manx: laair

Scottish Gaelic: làir

From Proto-Celtic *ɸlārexs, possibly related to Albanian pelë (“mare”).


ech

ech m (genitive eich, nominative plural eich)

eich (genitive)
eich (nominative plural)
ech (masculine nominative singular stem)
ech (dual masculine nominative stem)
eich (masculine nominative plural stem)
eich (masculine singular stem vocative)
ech (dual masculine stem vocative)
eochu (masculine plural stem vocative)
ech (accusative masculine singular stem)
ech (accusative dual masculine stem)
eochu (accusative masculine plural stem)
eich (genitive masculine singular stem)
ech (dual genitive masculine stem)
ech (genitive masculine plural stem)
eoch (dative masculine singular stem)
echaib (dative dual masculine stem)
echaib (dative masculine plural stem)
ech
n-ech

Middle Irish: each

Irish: each

Manx: agh, eagh

Scottish Gaelic: each

From Primitive Irish *ᚓᚊᚐᚄ (*eqas), from Proto-Celtic *ekʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognates include Latin equus, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva) and Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”).


cuilén

culíuin (nominative plural)
cuilén (masculine nominative singular stem)
cuilén (dual masculine nominative stem)
culíuin (masculine nominative plural stem)
culíuin (masculine singular stem vocative)
cuilén (dual masculine stem vocative)
cuilénu (masculine plural stem vocative)
cuilén (accusative masculine singular stem)
cuilén (accusative dual masculine stem)
cuilénu (accusative masculine plural stem)
culíuin (genitive masculine singular stem)
cuilén (dual genitive masculine stem)
cuilén (genitive masculine plural stem)
cuilén (dative masculine singular stem)
cuilénaib (dative dual masculine stem)
cuilénaib (dative masculine plural stem)
cuilén
chuilén
cuilén

Middle Irish: cuilén

Irish: coileán

Manx: quallian

Scottish Gaelic: cuilean

From Proto-Celtic *kolignos (“whelp”), possibly borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate language.


ubull

ubull (nominative singular)
ubull (dual nominative)
ubull (nominative plural)
ubla (nominative plural)
ubull (singular vocative)
ubull (dual vocative)
ubull (plural vocative)
ubla (plural vocative)
ubull (accusative singular)
ubull (accusative dual)
ubull (accusative plural)
ubla (accusative plural)
ubuill (genitive singular)
ubull (dual genitive)
ubull (genitive plural)
ubull (dative singular)
ublaib (dative dual)
ublaib (dative plural)
ubull
n-ubull

desctree

Middle Irish: uball
Irish: úll
Manx: ooyl
Scottish Gaelic: ubhal

From Proto-Celtic *abūl (“apple”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.


gabor

gabair (genitive)
gabor (masculine nominative singular stem)
gabor (dual masculine nominative stem)
gabair (masculine nominative plural stem)
gabair (masculine singular stem vocative)
gabor (dual masculine stem vocative)
gabru (masculine plural stem vocative)
gabor (accusative masculine singular stem)
gabor (accusative dual masculine stem)
gabru (accusative masculine plural stem)
gabair (genitive masculine singular stem)
gabor (dual genitive masculine stem)
gabor (genitive masculine plural stem)
gabor (dative masculine singular stem)
gabraib (dative dual masculine stem)
gabraib (dative masculine plural stem)
gabor
ngabor

Irish: gabhar

Manx: goayr

Scottish Gaelic: gobhar

From Proto-Celtic *gabros (“he-goat”), from Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“male hooved animal”). Cognate with Latin caper (“goat”) and Ancient Greek κάπρος (kápros, “wild boar”).


damán allaid

damáin allaid (genitive)
damán allaid (masculine nominative singular stem)
damán altai (dual masculine nominative stem)
damáin altai (masculine nominative plural stem)
damáin allaid (masculine singular stem vocative)
damán altai (dual masculine stem vocative)
damánu altai (masculine plural stem vocative)
damán n-allaid (accusative masculine singular stem)
damán altai (accusative dual masculine stem)
damánu altai (accusative masculine plural stem)
damáin allaid (genitive masculine singular stem)
damán allaid (dual genitive masculine stem)
damán n-allaid (genitive masculine plural stem)
damán allaid (dative masculine singular stem)
damánaib altaib (dative dual masculine stem)
damánaib altaib (dative masculine plural stem)
damán allaid
ndamán allaid

Irish: damhán alla

Manx: doo-oallee

Scottish Gaelic: damhan-allaidh

[ˈdaβ̃aːn ˈal͈ɨðʲ]

From damán (“calf, fawn”) + allaid (“wild”).

inna ndamán n-allaid [translating aranearum]


cailech

head

cailech m (genitive cailig, nominative plural cailig)

cailig (genitive)
cailig (nominative plural)
cailech (masculine nominative singular stem)
cailech (dual masculine nominative stem)
cailig (masculine nominative plural stem)
cailig (masculine singular stem vocative)
cailech (dual masculine stem vocative)
cailechu (masculine plural stem vocative)
cailech (accusative masculine singular stem)
cailech (accusative dual masculine stem)
cailechu (accusative masculine plural stem)
cailig (genitive masculine singular stem)
cailech (dual genitive masculine stem)
cailech (genitive masculine plural stem)
cailech (dative masculine singular stem)
cailechaib (dative dual masculine stem)
cailechaib (dative masculine plural stem)
cailech
chailech
cailech

Irish: coileach

Manx: kellagh

Scottish Gaelic: coileach

From Proto-Celtic *kalyākos, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“call”).


adarc

adarc f (genitive adarcae, nominative plural adarca)

adarcae (genitive)
adarca (nominative plural)
adarc (nominative singular)
adairc (dual nominative)
adarca (nominative plural)
adarc (singular vocative)
adairc (dual vocative)
adarca (plural vocative)
adairc (accusative singular)
adairc (accusative dual)
adarca (accusative plural)
adarcae (genitive singular)
adarc (dual genitive)
adarc (genitive plural)
adairc (dative singular)
adarcaib (dative dual)
adarcaib (dative plural)
adarc
n-adarc

Irish: adharc

Manx: eairk

Scottish Gaelic: adharc

Unknown; perhaps a loanword from a pre-Celtic substrate source; perhaps cognate with or a borrowing to or from Basque adar.

tob di humu fo chosmailius n-adarcae side

a trumpet of bronze in the shape of a horn

nanní fris·oirc doib fa·scannat hua n-adarcaib

whatever offends them, they toss it with their horns

orgain humaidi fo chosmailius n-adarcae

bronze instruments in the shape of a horn


fiach

fïach (canonical masculine)
fïaich (nominative plural)
fïach (masculine nominative singular stem)
fïach (dual masculine nominative stem)
fïaich (masculine nominative plural stem)
fïaich (masculine singular stem vocative)
fïach (dual masculine stem vocative)
fïachu (masculine plural stem vocative)
fïach (accusative masculine singular stem)
fïach (accusative dual masculine stem)
fïachu (accusative masculine plural stem)
fïaich (genitive masculine singular stem)
fïach (dual genitive masculine stem)
fïach (genitive masculine plural stem)
fïuch (dative masculine singular stem)
fïachaib (dative dual masculine stem)
fïachaib (dative masculine plural stem)
fïach
ḟïach
fïach

Irish: fiach

Manx: feeagh

Scottish Gaelic: fitheach


fíad

fíad (nominative singular)
fíad (dual nominative)
fíadae (nominative plural)
fíad (singular vocative)
fíad (dual vocative)
fíadu (plural vocative)
fíad (accusative singular)
fíad (accusative dual)
fíadu (accusative plural)
fíado (genitive singular)
fíada (genitive singular)
fíado (dual genitive)
fíada (dual genitive)
fíadae (genitive plural)
fíad (dative singular)
fíadaib (dative dual)
fíadaib (dative plural)

Irish: fia

Manx: feeaih

Scottish Gaelic: fiadh

From Proto-Celtic *weidus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁-u-s.


macc tíre

Irish: mac tíre

macc tíre
also mmacc tíre after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


cú allaid

cú allaid m (genitive unattested, nominative plural coin altai)

coin altai (nominative plural)
cú allaid (nominative singular)
coin altai (dual nominative)
coin altai (nominative plural)
cú allaid (singular vocative)
coin altai (dual vocative)
cona altai (plural vocative)
coin n-allaid (accusative singular)
coin altai (accusative dual)
cona altai (accusative plural)
con allaid (genitive singular)
con altae (dual genitive)
con allaid (dual genitive)
con n-altae (genitive plural)
con n-allaid (genitive plural)
coin allaid (dative singular)
cú allaid (dative singular)
conaib altaib (dative dual)
conaib altaib (dative plural)
cú allaid
chú allaid
cú allaid

Ma rom·thoicther-sa inso rop ith ⁊ mlicht ad·cear; manim·rothcaither ropat choin altai ⁊ ois ⁊ imthecht slebe ⁊ oaic Féne ad·cear.
If this is destined for me, may it be corn and milk I see; if it is not destined for me, may it be wolves, deer, wandering on the mountain, and the warriors of the Féini I see. [Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus does not translate the occurrences of ro·toicther]

Poems of the Codex St. Pauli, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, p. 293, line 6


sebac

sebac (masculine nominative singular stem)
sebac (dual masculine nominative stem)
sebaic (masculine nominative plural stem)
sebaic (masculine singular stem vocative)
sebac (dual masculine stem vocative)
sebcu (masculine plural stem vocative)
sebac (accusative masculine singular stem)
sebac (accusative dual masculine stem)
sebcu (accusative masculine plural stem)
sebaic (genitive masculine singular stem)
sebac (dual genitive masculine stem)
sebac (genitive masculine plural stem)
sebuc (dative masculine singular stem)
sebcaib (dative dual masculine stem)
sebcaib (dative masculine plural stem)
sebac
ṡebac

Irish: seabhac

Manx: shawk

Scottish Gaelic: seabhag

Borrowed from Old English heafoc. The change of initial consonant is due to a reinterpretation of /h/ as the lenited equivalent of /s/.


admat

admat (masculine nominative singular stem)
admat (dual masculine nominative stem)
admait (masculine nominative plural stem)
admait (masculine singular stem vocative)
admat (dual masculine stem vocative)
admatu (masculine plural stem vocative)
admat (accusative masculine singular stem)
admat (accusative dual masculine stem)
admatu (accusative masculine plural stem)
admait (genitive masculine singular stem)
admat (dual genitive masculine stem)
admat (genitive masculine plural stem)
admut (dative masculine singular stem)
admataib (dative dual masculine stem)
admataib (dative masculine plural stem)
admat
n-admat

Irish: adhmad (“wood”)

Manx: aamaid (“wood”)

From Proto-Celtic *ad-mentos, from *manyetor (“think, remember”), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”).


gamuin

gamuin (nominative singular)
gamuin (dual nominative)
gamnai (nominative plural)
gamuin (singular vocative)
gamuin (dual vocative)
gamnai (plural vocative)
gamuin (accusative singular)
gamuin (accusative dual)
gamnai (accusative plural)
gamno (genitive singular)
gamna (genitive singular)
gamno (dual genitive)
gamna (dual genitive)
gamnae (genitive plural)
gamuin (dative singular)
gamnaib (dative dual)
gamnaib (dative plural)
gamuin
ngamuin

Irish: gamhain

Manx: gauin

Scottish Gaelic: gamhainn

desctree

⇒ Middle Irish: mathgamain
Irish: mathúin
Manx: maghouin
Scottish Gaelic: mathan

From gam (“winter”). Similar sense development can be found in Old Norse gymbr (“yearling ewe-lamb”) and Ancient Greek χίμαρος (khímaros, “he-goat”), all ultimately from the same root (*ǵʰéyōm).


cnú

head

cnú f (genitive cnó, nominative plural cnói)

cnó (genitive)
cnói (nominative plural)
cnú (nominative singular)
cnoí (dual nominative)
cnoí (nominative plural)
cnú (singular vocative)
cnoí (dual vocative)
cnóa (plural vocative)
cnoí (accusative singular)
cnoí (accusative dual)
cnóa (accusative plural)
cnó (genitive singular)
cnó (dual genitive)
cnó (genitive plural)
cnoí (dative singular)
cnóib (dative dual)
cnóib (dative plural)
cnú
chnú
cnú

Irish: cnó

Manx: cro

Scottish Gaelic: cnò

From Proto-Celtic *knūs, cognate with Proto-Germanic *hnuts, Latin nux.


buide

buide (nominative singular)
buidi (dual nominative)
buidi (nominative plural)
buide (singular vocative)
buidi (dual vocative)
buidi (plural vocative)
buidi (accusative singular)
buidi (accusative dual)
buidi (accusative plural)
buide (genitive singular)
buide (dual genitive)
buide (genitive plural)
buidi (dative singular)
buidib (dative dual)
buidib (dative plural)

Irish: buí

Manx: buigh, bwee

Scottish Gaelic: buidhe

From Proto-Celtic *bodyos (“yellow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bodyos (“yellow, brown”), source of Latin badius.


colmán

head

colmán m (genitive colmáin, nominative plural colmáin)

colmáin (genitive)
colmáin (nominative plural)
colmán (masculine nominative singular stem)
colmán (dual masculine nominative stem)
colmáin (masculine nominative plural stem)
colmáin (masculine singular stem vocative)
colmán (dual masculine stem vocative)
colmánu (masculine plural stem vocative)
colmán (accusative masculine singular stem)
colmán (accusative dual masculine stem)
colmánu (accusative masculine plural stem)
colmáin (genitive masculine singular stem)
colmán (dual genitive masculine stem)
colmán (genitive masculine plural stem)
colmán (dative masculine singular stem)
colmánaib (dative dual masculine stem)
colmánaib (dative masculine plural stem)
colmán
cholmán
colmán

Middle Irish: colmán

Irish: colmán

Manx: calmane, colmane

Scottish Gaelic: calman


columb

columb m (genitive coluimb, nominative plural coluimb)

coluimb (genitive)
coluimb (nominative plural)
columb (masculine nominative singular stem)
columb (dual masculine nominative stem)
coluimb (masculine nominative plural stem)
coluimb (masculine singular stem vocative)
columb (dual masculine stem vocative)
columbu (masculine plural stem vocative)
columb (accusative masculine singular stem)
columb (accusative dual masculine stem)
columbu (accusative masculine plural stem)
coluimb (genitive masculine singular stem)
columb (dual genitive masculine stem)
columb (genitive masculine plural stem)
columb (dative masculine singular stem)
columbaib (dative dual masculine stem)
columbaib (dative masculine plural stem)
columb
cholumb
columb

Middle Irish: colum

Irish: colm

Manx: colum

Scottish Gaelic: calum

Borrowed from Latin columbus, from Ancient Greek κόλυμβος (kólumbos, “a diver”), from κολυμβάω (kolumbáō, “dive, plunge headlong, swim”).


partán

partán (masculine nominative singular stem)
partán (dual masculine nominative stem)
partáin (masculine nominative plural stem)
partáin (masculine singular stem vocative)
partán (dual masculine stem vocative)
partánu (masculine plural stem vocative)
partán (accusative masculine singular stem)
partán (accusative dual masculine stem)
partánu (accusative masculine plural stem)
partáin (genitive masculine singular stem)
partán (dual genitive masculine stem)
partán (genitive masculine plural stem)
partán (dative masculine singular stem)
partánaib (dative dual masculine stem)
partánaib (dative masculine plural stem)

> Irish: portán, partán (inherited)

> Manx: partan (inherited)

> Scottish Gaelic: partan (inherited)

→ Scots: partan

Unknown; possibly ultimately from a Paleo-European substrate language as Peter Schrijver cites; see Goidelic substrate hypothesis.

Goidelic substrate hypothesis
Peter Schrijver
Pre-Indo-European languages


bech

head

bech m (genitive beich, nominative plural beich)

beich (genitive)
beich (nominative plural)
bech (masculine nominative singular stem)
bech (dual masculine nominative stem)
beich (masculine nominative plural stem)
beich (masculine singular stem vocative)
bech (dual masculine stem vocative)
beuchu (masculine plural stem vocative)
bech (accusative masculine singular stem)
bech (accusative dual masculine stem)
beuchu (accusative masculine plural stem)
beich (genitive masculine singular stem)
bech (dual genitive masculine stem)
bech (genitive masculine plural stem)
beuch (dative masculine singular stem)
bechaib (dative dual masculine stem)
bechaib (dative masculine plural stem)
bech
mbech

Irish: beach

Scottish Gaelic: beach

From Proto-Celtic *bekos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰey- (“bee”), whence also Old English bēo (English bee), Latin fūcus (“drone”).

Daith bech buide a húaim i n-úaim […]

Nimble is the yellow bee from cave to cave […]


brecc

sga-decl-adj-table

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

brecc (masculine nominative singular)
brecc (feminine nominative singular)
brecc (neuter nominative singular)
bricc (masculine singular vocative)
brecc (masculine singular vocative)
brecc (feminine singular vocative)
brecc (neuter singular vocative)
brecc (accusative masculine singular)
bricc (accusative feminine singular)
brecc (accusative neuter singular)
bricc (genitive masculine singular)
bricce (feminine genitive singular)
bricc (genitive neuter singular)
briucc (dative masculine singular)
bricc (dative feminine singular)
briucc (dative neuter singular)
bricc (masculine nominative plural)
brecca (feminine neuter nominative plural)
briccu (masculine plural vocative)
brecca (masculine plural vocative)
brecca (feminine neuter plural vocative)
briccu (accusative masculine plural)
brecca (accusative masculine plural)
brecca (accusative feminine neuter plural)
brecc (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
breccaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Irish: breac

Manx: breck

Scottish Gaelic: breac


brecc

head

brecc m (genitive bricc, nominative plural bricc)

bricc (genitive)
bricc (nominative plural)
brecc (masculine nominative singular stem)
brecc (dual masculine nominative stem)
bricc (masculine nominative plural stem)
bricc (masculine singular stem vocative)
brecc (dual masculine stem vocative)
briccu (masculine plural stem vocative)
brecc (accusative masculine singular stem)
brecc (accusative dual masculine stem)
briccu (accusative masculine plural stem)
bricc (genitive masculine singular stem)
brecc (dual genitive masculine stem)
brecc (genitive masculine plural stem)
briucc (dative masculine singular stem)
breccaib (dative dual masculine stem)
breccaib (dative masculine plural stem)
brecc
mbrecc

Irish: breac

Manx: breck

Scottish Gaelic: breac


lachu

lachu f (genitive lachan, nominative plural lachain)

lachan (genitive)
lachain (nominative plural)
lachu (nominative singular)
lachain (dual nominative)
lachain (nominative plural)
lachu (singular vocative)
lachain (dual vocative)
lachna (plural vocative)
lachain (accusative singular)
lachain (accusative dual)
lachna (accusative plural)
lachan (genitive singular)
lachan (dual genitive)
lachan (genitive plural)
lachain (dative singular)
lachu (dative singular)
lachnaib (dative dual)
lachnaib (dative plural)
lachu
also llachu after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: lacha

Manx: laagh

Scottish Gaelic: lach

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lek-. Cognate with Lithuanian lak (“to fly”).

lacha .i. lichiu quam aliæ auess


derc

derc (neuter nominative singular)
derc (dual neuter nominative)
dercae (neuter nominative plural)
derc (neuter singular vocative)
derc (dual neuter vocative)
dercae (neuter plural vocative)
derc (accusative neuter singular)
derc (accusative dual neuter)
dercae (accusative neuter plural)
dercae (genitive neuter singular)
dercae (dual genitive neuter)
dercae (genitive neuter plural)
deirc (dative neuter singular)
dercaib (dative dual neuter)
dercaib (dative neuter plural)
derc
nderc

desctree

Middle Irish: derc
Irish: dearc, dearca, deirc
Scottish Gaelic: dearc

From Proto-Celtic *derkos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂ǵ-. Stokes instead suggests that it is from the same origin as Etymology 1, in the sense of berries standing out as clearly visible.


scíathán

scíathán (masculine nominative singular stem)
scíathán (dual masculine nominative stem)
scíatháin (masculine nominative plural stem)
scíatháin (masculine singular stem vocative)
scíathán (dual masculine stem vocative)
scíathánu (masculine plural stem vocative)
scíathán (accusative masculine singular stem)
scíathán (accusative dual masculine stem)
scíathánu (accusative masculine plural stem)
scíatháin (genitive masculine singular stem)
scíathán (dual genitive masculine stem)
scíathán (genitive masculine plural stem)
scíathán (dative masculine singular stem)
scíathánaib (dative dual masculine stem)
scíathánaib (dative masculine plural stem)

Irish: sciathán

Manx: skian

Scottish Gaelic: sgiathan


selige

selige (nominative singular)
selige (dual nominative)
seligi (nominative plural)
seligi (singular vocative)
selige (dual vocative)
seligiu (plural vocative)
selige (accusative singular)
selige (accusative dual)
seligiu (accusative plural)
seligi (genitive singular)
selige (dual genitive)
selige (genitive plural)
seligiu (dative singular)
seligib (dative dual)
seligib (dative plural)
selige
ṡelige

Middle Irish: seilche

Scottish Gaelic: seilche (“turtle”)

⇒ Irish: seilide (“snail”)

selige

Any animal with a shell:
(hapax) turtle, tortoise

Any animal with a shell:
turtle, tortoise


sinnach

sinnach (masculine nominative singular stem)
sinnach (dual masculine nominative stem)
sinnaig (masculine nominative plural stem)
sinnaig (masculine singular stem vocative)
sinnach (dual masculine stem vocative)
sinnchu (masculine plural stem vocative)
sinnach (accusative masculine singular stem)
sinnach (accusative dual masculine stem)
sinnchu (accusative masculine plural stem)
sinnaig (genitive masculine singular stem)
sinnach (dual genitive masculine stem)
sinnach (genitive masculine plural stem)
sinnuch (dative masculine singular stem)
sinnchaib (dative dual masculine stem)
sinnchaib (dative masculine plural stem)
sinnach
ṡinnach

Middle Irish: sinnach

Irish: sionnach

Manx: shynnagh

Scottish Gaelic: sionnach

⇒ Middle Irish: sinnchán

From Proto-Celtic *senūnākos, from Proto-Celtic *senos (“old one”, n-stem noun) + adjectival suffix *-ākos (Old Irish -ach)

der

As·rir in sinnach n-allaid do ráith a aithig in trúaig: dochum feda con·selai cé do·sefnatar int slúaig.

Broccán's Hymn, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, p. 342

She gave the wild fox to her vassal, the wretched one; it went to the woods, although the host chased after it.

Do·sennat na secht n-aige do Ráith Chrúachan, ⁊ secht sinnchu ⁊ secht míla maige ⁊ secht turcu alta, conda·rubatar ind óic issind aurlaind in dúine.

c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 53:

[The hounds] chase the seven deer to Ráith Chrúachan, in addition to seven foxes, seven hares, and seven wild boars, until the youths struck down [the hunted animals] in the lawn of the fort.


raithnech

head

raithnech f (genitive raithnige, no plural)

raithnige (genitive)
raithnech (nominative singular)
raithnech (singular vocative)
raithnig (accusative singular)
raithnige (genitive singular)
raithnig (dative singular)
raithnech
also rraithnech after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: raithneach

Manx: rhennagh

Scottish Gaelic: raineach

From Proto-Celtic *ɸratinākā, a derivative of Proto-Celtic *ɸratis (compare Middle Irish raith, Welsh rhedyn, Breton radenn), from Proto-Indo-European *p(t)erH- (compare Greek φτέρη (ftéri), Lithuanian papártis).


cuil

cuil (nominative singular)
cuil (dual nominative)
cuili (nominative plural)
cuil (singular vocative)
cuil (dual vocative)
cuili (plural vocative)
cuil (accusative singular)
cuil (accusative dual)
cuili (accusative plural)
colo (genitive singular)
cola (genitive singular)
colo (dual genitive)
cola (dual genitive)
cuile (genitive plural)
cuil (dative singular)
cuilib (dative dual)
cuilib (dative plural)
cuil
chuil
cuil

Middle Irish: cuil, cuileóc

Irish: cuil, cuileog

Manx: quill, quaillag

Scottish Gaelic: cuileag

From Proto-Celtic *kulis, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱuH-ló-.


escong

escong (nominative singular)
escuing (dual nominative)
esconga (nominative plural)
escong (singular vocative)
escuing (dual vocative)
esconga (plural vocative)
escuing (accusative singular)
escuing (accusative dual)
esconga (accusative plural)
escuinge (genitive singular)
escong (dual genitive)
escong (genitive plural)
escuing (dative singular)
escongaib (dative dual)
escongaib (dative plural)

Irish: eascann

Manx: astan

Scottish Gaelic: easgann

Possibly from esc (“water”) + Proto-Indo-European *h₂éngʷʰis (“snake”). Not related to English conger.


uinnius

uinnius f (genitive uinnsenn, nominative plural uinnsinn)

uinnsenn (genitive)
uinnsinn (nominative plural)
uinnius (nominative singular)
uinnsinn (dual nominative)
uinnsinn (nominative plural)
uinnius (singular vocative)
uinnsinn (dual vocative)
uinnsenna (plural vocative)
uinnsinn (accusative singular)
uinnsinn (accusative dual)
uinnsenna (accusative plural)
uinnsenn (genitive singular)
uinnsenn (dual genitive)
uinnsenn (genitive plural)
uinnsinn (dative singular)
uinnius (dative singular)
uinnsennaib (dative dual)
uinnsennaib (dative plural)
uinnius
n-uinnius

⇒ Irish: fuinseog

⇒ Scottish Gaelic: uinnseann

From Proto-Celtic *osnistū, from Proto-Celtic *osnos (compare Welsh onn) and (compare Breton onn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃es-nos (compare Russian я́сень (jásenʹ), Latin ornus).


glaídem

glaídem m (genitive glaidemon or glaideman, nominative plural glaidemain)

glaidemon (genitive)
glaideman (genitive)
glaidemain (nominative plural)
glaídem (nominative singular)
glaídemain (dual nominative)
glaídemain (nominative plural)
glaídem (singular vocative)
glaídemain (dual vocative)
glaídemna (plural vocative)
glaídemain (accusative singular)
glaídemain (accusative dual)
glaídemna (accusative plural)
glaídemon (genitive singular)
glaídeman (genitive singular)
glaídemon (dual genitive)
glaídeman (dual genitive)
glaídemon (genitive plural)
glaídeman (genitive plural)
glaídemain (dative singular)
glaídem (dative singular)
glaídemnaib (dative dual)
glaídemnaib (dative plural)
glaídem
nglaídem

[ˈɡlaːi̯ðʲeβ̃]


eó

eó m (genitive ïach, nominative plural ïaich)

ïach (genitive)
ïaich (nominative plural)
eó (nominative singular)
ïaich (dual nominative)
ïaich (nominative plural)
eó (singular vocative)
ïaich (dual vocative)
ïacha (plural vocative)
ïaich (accusative singular)
ïaich (accusative dual)
ïacha (accusative plural)
ïach (genitive singular)
ïach (dual genitive)
ïach (genitive plural)
ïaich (dative singular)
eó (dative singular)
ïachaib (dative dual)
ïachaib (dative plural)

Irish: eo

Scottish Gaelic: eò

From Proto-Celtic *esoxs; cognate with Middle Welsh ehawc.


eó

From Proto-Celtic *iwos (“yew”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“yew”).


reithe

reithe m (genitive reithi, nominative plural reithi)

reithi (genitive)
reithi (nominative plural)
reithe (nominative singular)
reithe (dual nominative)
reithi (nominative plural)
reithi (singular vocative)
reithe (dual vocative)
reithiu (plural vocative)
reithe (accusative singular)
reithe (accusative dual)
reithiu (accusative plural)
reithi (genitive singular)
reithe (dual genitive)
reithe (genitive plural)
reithiu (dative singular)
reithib (dative dual)
reithib (dative plural)

Irish: reithe

Scottish Gaelic: reithe

From Proto-Celtic *retios, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r-i-(e)t- (“certain domestic animal”); also compare *h₁er- (“earth”).


cauru

head

cauru f (genitive caírech, nominative plural caírig)

caírech (genitive)
caírig (nominative plural)
cauru (nominative singular)
caírig (dual nominative)
caírig (nominative plural)
cauru (singular vocative)
caírig (dual vocative)
caírcha (plural vocative)
caírig (accusative singular)
caírig (accusative dual)
caírcha (accusative plural)
caírech (genitive singular)
caírech (dual genitive)
caírech (genitive plural)
caírig (dative singular)
caírchaib (dative dual)
caírib (dative dual)
caírchaib (dative plural)
caírib (dative plural)
cauru
chauru
cauru

Middle Irish: cáera

Irish: caora

Manx: keyrrey

Scottish Gaelic: caora


máel

máel (masculine nominative singular)
máel (feminine nominative singular)
máel (neuter nominative singular)
maíl (masculine singular vocative)
máel (masculine singular vocative)
máel (feminine singular vocative)
máel (neuter singular vocative)
máel (accusative masculine singular)
maíl (accusative feminine singular)
máel (accusative neuter singular)
maíl (genitive masculine singular)
maíle (feminine genitive singular)
maíl (genitive neuter singular)
máel (dative masculine singular)
maíl (dative feminine singular)
máel (dative neuter singular)
maíl (masculine nominative plural)
máela (feminine neuter nominative plural)
máelu (masculine plural vocative)
máela (masculine plural vocative)
máela (feminine neuter plural vocative)
máelu (accusative masculine plural)
máela (accusative masculine plural)
máela (accusative feminine neuter plural)
máel (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
máelaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

From Proto-Celtic *mailos; cognate with Welsh moel.

(after the introduction of Christianity to Ireland) as of someone who is devoted (to God or to a given saint)


mucc mara

mucc mara ? (genitive muice mara or muca mara)

muice mara (genitive)
muca mara (genitive)
mucc mara
also mmucc mara after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: muc mhara

mucc mora glosses delphinus


muccullach

muccullach m (nominative plural muccullaig)

muccullaig (nominative plural)
muccullach (masculine nominative singular stem)
muccullach (dual masculine nominative stem)
mucculaig (masculine nominative plural stem)
mucculaig (masculine singular stem vocative)
muccullach (dual masculine stem vocative)
muccullachu (masculine plural stem vocative)
muccullach (accusative masculine singular stem)
muccullach (accusative dual masculine stem)
muccullachu (accusative masculine plural stem)
mucculaig (genitive masculine singular stem)
muccullach (dual genitive masculine stem)
muccullach (genitive masculine plural stem)
muccullach (dative masculine singular stem)
muccullachaib (dative dual masculine stem)
muccullachaib (dative masculine plural stem)
muccullach
also mmuccullach after a proclitic
ending in a vowel


árchú

árchon (genitive)
árchú (nominative singular)
árchoin (dual nominative)
árchoin (nominative plural)
árchú (singular vocative)
árchoin (dual vocative)
árchona (plural vocative)
árchoin (accusative singular)
árchoin (accusative dual)
árchona (accusative plural)
árchon (genitive singular)
árchon (dual genitive)
árchon (genitive plural)
árchoin (dative singular)
árchú (dative singular)
árchonaib (dative dual)
árchonaib (dative plural)
árchú
n-árchú

From ár (“slaughter, carnage”) + cú (“dog, hound”).


cullach

head

cullach m (genitive cullaig, nominative plural cullaig)

cullaig (genitive)
cullaig (nominative plural)
cullach (masculine nominative singular stem)
cullach (dual masculine nominative stem)
cullaig (masculine nominative plural stem)
cullaig (masculine singular stem vocative)
cullach (dual masculine stem vocative)
cullachu (masculine plural stem vocative)
cullach (accusative masculine singular stem)
cullach (accusative dual masculine stem)
cullachu (accusative masculine plural stem)
cullaig (genitive masculine singular stem)
cullach (dual genitive masculine stem)
cullach (genitive masculine plural stem)
cullach (dative masculine singular stem)
cullachaib (dative dual masculine stem)
cullachaib (dative masculine plural stem)
cullach
chullach
cullach

Irish: collach

Scottish Gaelic: cullach

cullach glosses porcum


badb

baidb (genitive)
Badb (nominative singular)
Badb (singular vocative)
Baidb (accusative singular)
Baidbe (genitive singular)
Baidb (dative singular)
badb
mbadb

Irish: badhbh

Scottish Gaelic: badhbh


doburchú

doburchon (genitive)
doburchú (nominative singular)
doburchoin (dual nominative)
doburchoin (nominative plural)
doburchú (singular vocative)
doburchoin (dual vocative)
doburchona (plural vocative)
doburchoin (accusative singular)
doburchoin (accusative dual)
doburchona (accusative plural)
doburchon (genitive singular)
doburchon (dual genitive)
doburchon (genitive plural)
doburchoin (dative singular)
doburchú (dative singular)
doburchonaib (dative dual)
doburchonaib (dative plural)
doburchú
ndoburchú

Irish: dobharchú

Manx: dooarchoo

Scottish Gaelic: dobhar-chù

From Proto-Celtic *dubrokū. By surface analysis, dobur (“water”) + cú (“hound”).

surf

dobarcú .i. cú uisci


aball

head

aball f (genitive abla, nominative plural abla)

abla (genitive)
abla (nominative plural)
aball (nominative singular)
abaill (dual nominative)
abla (nominative plural)
aball (singular vocative)
abaill (dual vocative)
abla (plural vocative)
abaill (accusative singular)
abaill (accusative dual)
abla (accusative plural)
abla (genitive singular)
aball (dual genitive)
aball (genitive plural)
abaill (dative singular)
ablaib (dative dual)
ablaib (dative plural)
aball
n-aball

Irish: abhaill

Scottish Gaelic: abhall

From Proto-Celtic *aballā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ebl̥neh₂.

aball [translating malus]


beithir

beithir f or m (genitive bethrach or beithre)

bethrach (genitive)
beithre (genitive)
beithir (nominative singular)
bethraig (dual nominative)
bethraig (nominative plural)
beithir (singular vocative)
bethraig (dual vocative)
bethracha (plural vocative)
bethraig (accusative singular)
bethraig (accusative dual)
bethracha (accusative plural)
bethrach (genitive singular)
bethrach (dual genitive)
bethrach (genitive plural)
bethraig (dative singular)
bethrachaib (dative dual)
bethrachaib (dative plural)
beithir
mbeithir

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *betrixs. The sense of “bear”, according to MacBain, was undoubtedly influenced by or borrowed from Proto-Germanic *berô, but the word also had the sense of “wild beast, serpent, monster”, and the like, which could be a Celtic descendant of the source of Latin bēstia (“wild beast”), itself of uncertain origin


moirb

moirb f (genitive unattested, nominative plural morbi)

morbi (nominative plural)
moirb (nominative singular)
moirb (dual nominative)
morbai (nominative plural)
moirb (singular vocative)
moirb (dual vocative)
morbai (plural vocative)
moirb (accusative singular)
moirb (accusative dual)
morbai (accusative plural)
morbo (genitive singular)
morba (genitive singular)
morbo (dual genitive)
morba (dual genitive)
morbae (genitive plural)
moirb (dative singular)
morbaib (dative dual)
morbaib (dative plural)
moirb
also mmoirb after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

From Proto-Celtic *morwis, from Proto-Indo-European *morwi-.


cuilenn

cuilenn (masculine nominative singular stem)
cuilinn (masculine singular stem vocative)
cuilenn (accusative masculine singular stem)
cuilinn (genitive masculine singular stem)
cuiliunn (dative masculine singular stem)
cuilenn
chuilenn
cuilenn

Irish: cuileann

Manx: cullyn

Scottish Gaelic: cuileann

From Proto-Celtic *kolinos (compare Welsh celyn, Breton kelenn), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱol- (“thorn, thorny plant”) (compare English holly), from *ḱel- (“to cut”).


géiss

géissi (nominative plural)
géiss (nominative singular)
géiss (dual nominative)
géissi (nominative plural)
géiss (singular vocative)
géiss (dual vocative)
géissi (plural vocative)
géiss (accusative singular)
géiss (accusative dual)
géissi (accusative plural)
gésso (genitive singular)
géssa (genitive singular)
gésso (dual genitive)
géssa (dual genitive)
géisse (genitive plural)
géiss (dative singular)
géissib (dative dual)
géissib (dative plural)
géiss
ngéiss

From Proto-Celtic *gansis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”).

géissi glosses coantes (in a gloss of Baruch 6:21(22), where the manuscript is faulty; the Vulgate actually has cattae (“cats”) and it isn’t clear what Latin word the Irish glossator thought this was, but he interpreted it as ‘swans’)

Glosses in Regina No. 215, 102ᵇ, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, p. 2


gagar

gagar (masculine nominative singular stem)
gagar (dual masculine nominative stem)
gagair (masculine nominative plural stem)
gagair (masculine singular stem vocative)
gagar (dual masculine stem vocative)
gagru (masculine plural stem vocative)
gagar (accusative masculine singular stem)
gagar (accusative dual masculine stem)
gagru (accusative masculine plural stem)
gagair (genitive masculine singular stem)
gagar (dual genitive masculine stem)
gagar (genitive masculine plural stem)
gagar (dative masculine singular stem)
gagaraib (dative dual masculine stem)
gagaraib (dative masculine plural stem)
gagar
ngagar

desctree

Middle Irish: gadar
Irish: gadhar
Scottish Gaelic: gadhar

Borrowed from Old Norse gagarr, from an imitative North Germanic root *gag (“to howl”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


srían

sréin (nominative plural)
srían (masculine nominative singular stem)
srían (dual masculine nominative stem)
sréin (masculine nominative plural stem)
sréin (masculine singular stem vocative)
srían (dual masculine stem vocative)
sríanu (masculine plural stem vocative)
srían (accusative masculine singular stem)
srían (accusative dual masculine stem)
sríanu (accusative masculine plural stem)
sréin (genitive masculine singular stem)
srían (dual genitive masculine stem)
srían (genitive masculine plural stem)
srían (dative masculine singular stem)
sríanaib (dative dual masculine stem)
sríanaib (dative masculine plural stem)
srían
ṡrían

Middle Irish: srían

Irish: srian

Scottish Gaelic: srian

Manx: streean


foich

head

foich f (genitive focha, nominative plural foichi)

focha (genitive)
foichi (nominative plural)
foich (nominative singular)
foich (dual nominative)
foichi (nominative plural)
foich (singular vocative)
foich (dual vocative)
foichi (plural vocative)
foich (accusative singular)
foich (accusative dual)
foichi (accusative plural)
focho (genitive singular)
focha (genitive singular)
focho (dual genitive)
focha (dual genitive)
foiche (genitive plural)
foich (dative singular)
foichib (dative dual)
foichib (dative plural)
foich
ḟoich
foich

Middle Irish: foich

Irish: foiche (“wasp”)

Borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *gwüxī, from Proto-Celtic *woxsī, from Proto-Indo-European *wóps.


tromm

truimm (genitive)
tromm (masculine nominative singular stem)
tromm (dual masculine nominative stem)
truimm (masculine nominative plural stem)
truimm (masculine singular stem vocative)
tromm (dual masculine stem vocative)
trommu (masculine plural stem vocative)
tromm (accusative masculine singular stem)
tromm (accusative dual masculine stem)
trommu (accusative masculine plural stem)
truimm (genitive masculine singular stem)
tromm (dual genitive masculine stem)
tromm (genitive masculine plural stem)
tromm (dative masculine singular stem)
trommaib (dative dual masculine stem)
trommaib (dative masculine plural stem)
tromm
thromm
tromm


íaru

íaru f (genitive íarann, nominative plural íaranna)

íarann (genitive)
íaranna (nominative plural)
íaru (nominative singular)
íarainn (dual nominative)
íarainn (nominative plural)
íaranna (nominative plural)
íaru (singular vocative)
íarainn (dual vocative)
íarna (plural vocative)
íarainn (accusative singular)
íarainn (accusative dual)
íarna (accusative plural)
íarann (genitive singular)
íarann (dual genitive)
íarann (genitive plural)
íarainn (dative singular)
íaru (dative singular)
íarnaib (dative dual)
íarnaib (dative plural)
íaru

Irish: iora

Scottish Gaelic: feòrag

Manx: fiorag

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *wiweros. Alternatively, an "individualising" n-stem meaning "swift one", derived from Proto-Celtic *isaros (“swift”) (a word attested in the names of many rivers in Europe), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ish₂ro-, for which compare Sanskrit इषिर (iṣirá-, “swift”) and Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural”).


mílchú

mílchoin (nominative plural)
mílchú (nominative singular)
mílchoin (dual nominative)
mílchoin (nominative plural)
mílchú (singular vocative)
mílchoin (dual vocative)
mílchona (plural vocative)
mílchoin (accusative singular)
mílchoin (accusative dual)
mílchona (accusative plural)
mílchon (genitive singular)
mílchon (dual genitive)
mílchon (genitive plural)
mílchoin (dative singular)
mílchú (dative singular)
mílchonaib (dative dual)
mílchonaib (dative plural)

Middle Irish: mílcú

Irish: míolchú

Scottish Gaelic: mialchu

From míl (“animal”) + cú (“dog, hound”). The term was originally *míluch (as evidenced by the related hypocoristic personal name Míliuc) but the nominative singular was reformed by analogy with the simplex cú.

c. 810, Florence Glosses on Philargyrus, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, p. 48, 21ᵇ
.i. horcae, mílchú ɫ conbocail


cóennae

head

cóennae (gender unknown, genitive unattested, no plural)

Maybe from Proto-Celtic *kowinos, a vṛddhi-derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwoinom (“mud, dirt”) (whence Latin caenum). Cognate with Breton kevni and Corsican kewny.

der

⇒ Middle Irish: *cáennachIrish: caonachScottish Gaelic: còinneachManx: keynnagh