fuolen

fuolen (infinitive)
fuolu (first-person present singular)
fuolta (first-person past singular)
fuolis (present second-person singular)
fuolist (present second-person singular)
fuoltōs (past second-person singular)
fuoltōst (past second-person singular)
fuolit (present singular third-person)
fuolta (past singular third-person)
fuolem (first-person plural present)
fuolemēs (first-person plural present)
fuoltum (first-person past plural)
fuoltumēs (first-person past plural)
fuolet (plural present second-person)
fuoltut (past plural second-person)
fuolent (plural present third-person)
fuoltun (past plural third-person)
fuole (first-person present singular)
fuolti (first-person past singular)
fuolēs (present second-person singular)
fuolēst (present second-person singular)
fuoltīs (past second-person singular)
fuoltīst (past second-person singular)
fuole (present singular third-person)
fuolti (past singular third-person)
fuolēm (first-person plural present)
fuolēn (first-person plural present)
fuoltīm (first-person past plural)
fuoltīn (first-person past plural)
fuoltīmēs (first-person past plural)
fuolēt (plural present second-person)
fuoltīt (past plural second-person)
fuolēn (plural present third-person)
fuoltīn (past plural third-person)
fuoli (present singular)
fuolet (plural present)
fuolenti (present)
gifuolt (past)
fuoljan (alternative)
fuolōn (alternative)

Middle High German: vüelen

Central Franconian: föhle, vöhle, fehle, fiehle

Bavarian: fuin, fühn

Cimbrian: füulan

German: fühlen

Luxembourgish: fillen

From Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).


fullen

fullen (infinitive)
fullu (first-person present singular)
fulta (first-person past singular)
fullis (present second-person singular)
fullist (present second-person singular)
fultōs (past second-person singular)
fulltōst (past second-person singular)
fullit (present singular third-person)
fulta (past singular third-person)
fullem (first-person plural present)
fullemēs (first-person plural present)
fultum (first-person past plural)
fultumēs (first-person past plural)
fullet (plural present second-person)
fultut (past plural second-person)
fullent (plural present third-person)
fultun (past plural third-person)
fulle (first-person present singular)
fulti (first-person past singular)
fullēs (present second-person singular)
fullēst (present second-person singular)
fultīs (past second-person singular)
fultīst (past second-person singular)
fulle (present singular third-person)
fulti (past singular third-person)
fullēm (first-person plural present)
fullēn (first-person plural present)
fultīm (first-person past plural)
fultīn (first-person past plural)
fultīmēs (first-person past plural)
fullēt (plural present second-person)
fultīt (past plural second-person)
fullēn (plural present third-person)
fultīn (past plural third-person)
fulli (present singular)
fullet (plural present)
fullenti (present)
gifult (past)

Middle High German: vüllen

Bavarian: fuin, fülln, fün

Cimbrian: vüllan, büllan (Mezzaselva)

German: füllen

Luxembourgish: fëllen

From Proto-West Germanic *fullijan, see also Old Saxon fullian, Dutch vullen, Old English fyllan, Old Norse fylla, Gothic 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fulljan).


ginen

ginēn (canonical)
ginēn (infinitive)
ginēm (first-person present singular)
ginēn (first-person present singular)
ginēta (first-person past singular)
ginēs (present second-person singular)
ginēst (present second-person singular)
ginētōs (past second-person singular)
ginētōst (past second-person singular)
ginēt (present singular third-person)
ginēta (past singular third-person)
ginēm (first-person plural present)
ginēmēs (first-person plural present)
ginētum (first-person past plural)
ginētumēs (first-person past plural)
ginēt (plural present second-person)
ginētut (past plural second-person)
ginēnt (plural present third-person)
ginētun (past plural third-person)
gine (first-person present singular)
ginēti (first-person past singular)
ginētīs (past second-person singular)
ginētīst (past second-person singular)
gine (present singular third-person)
ginēti (past singular third-person)
ginētīm (first-person past plural)
ginētīmēs (first-person past plural)
ginētīt (past plural second-person)
ginēn (plural present third-person)
ginētīn (past plural third-person)
gine (present singular)
ginēt (plural present)
ginēnti (present)
giginēt (past)
ginōn (alternative)

Middle High German: ginen, genen

German: gähnen

From Proto-Germanic *ginōną, akin to Old English ġinian.


forhta

Middle High German: vorhte, vorht

German: Furcht, (obsolete) Forcht

From Proto-West Germanic *forhtu, from Proto-Germanic *furhtō; related to *furhtį̄, whence Old English fyrhtu, English fright.


beton

betōn (canonical)
betōn (infinitive)
betōm (first-person present singular)
betōn (first-person present singular)
betōta (first-person past singular)
betōs (present second-person singular)
betōst (present second-person singular)
betōtōs (past second-person singular)
betōtōst (past second-person singular)
betōt (present singular third-person)
betōta (past singular third-person)
betōm (first-person plural present)
betōmēs (first-person plural present)
betōtum (first-person past plural)
betōtumēs (first-person past plural)
betōt (plural present second-person)
betōtut (past plural second-person)
betōnt (plural present third-person)
betōtun (past plural third-person)
beto (first-person present singular)
betōti (first-person past singular)
betōtīs (past second-person singular)
beto (present singular third-person)
betōti (past singular third-person)
betōtīm (first-person past plural)
betōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
betōtīt (past plural second-person)
betōn (plural present third-person)
betōtīn (past plural third-person)
beto (present singular)
betōt (plural present)
betōnti (present)
gibetōt (past)

Middle High German: beten

German: beten

From Proto-West Germanic *bed (“prayer, request, plea”) + -ōn. Related to Old English ġebedian (“to pray”) (modern English bead).


geltan

geltan (infinitive)
giltu (first-person present singular)
gilto (first-person present singular)
galt (first-person past singular)
giltis (present second-person singular)
giltist (present second-person singular)
gulti (past second-person singular)
giltit (present singular third-person)
galt (past singular third-person)
geltem (first-person plural present)
geltemēs (first-person plural present)
gultum (first-person past plural)
gultumēs (first-person past plural)
geltet (plural present second-person)
gultut (past plural second-person)
geltant (plural present third-person)
gultun (past plural third-person)
gelte (first-person present singular)
gulti (first-person past singular)
geltēs (present second-person singular)
geltēst (present second-person singular)
gultīs (past second-person singular)
gultīst (past second-person singular)
gelte (present singular third-person)
gulti (past singular third-person)
geltēm (first-person plural present)
gultīm (first-person past plural)
gultīmēs (first-person past plural)
geltēt (plural present second-person)
gultīt (past plural second-person)
geltēn (plural present third-person)
gultīn (past plural third-person)
gilt (present singular)
geltet (plural present)
geltanti (present)
gigoltan (past)

Middle High German: gëlten

Cimbrian: ghèltan

German: gelten

Luxembourgish: gëllen

From Proto-West Germanic *geldan.
Cognates
Cognates include Old Saxon geldan, Dutch gelden, Old English ġieldan (English yield), Old Norse gjalda, (Danish gælde, Swedish gälla), Gothic *𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*gildan).


sih

Middle High German: sich

Bavarian: si, sich

Cimbrian: zich

Central Franconian: sich, sech

Hunsrik: sich

Luxembourgish: sech

East Central German: sich

Zipser German: ßich

German: sich

Yiddish: זיך (zikh)

→ Middle Dutch: sich

→ Dutch: zich

q

adapted to native <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">mik, dik</i>

→ Middle Low German: sik, sek (adapted to native mik, dik)

desc

Low German: sik, sick (variant spelling), sük, sück (East Frisian, northern Emsland), sek, seck (Eastphalian, East Prussian), sich (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)

From Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek, whence also Old Saxon sik, Old Norse sik.


ginuog

Middle High German: genuoc

Alemannic German: gnueg

Central Franconian: jeno(o)ch, genooch(t), genuuch(t), genuch

Luxembourgish: genuch

Cimbrian: ghenùg

German: genug

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: genunk

Yiddish: גענוג (genug)

From Proto-West Germanic *ganōg, from Proto-Germanic *ganōgaz, whence also Old Saxon ginōg, Old English ġenōg, Old Norse gnógr, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌷𐍃 (ganōhs).

ganōc (alternative)
genūch (alternative)
genūg (alternative)
genuog (alternative)
ginuach (alternative)
ginuag (alternative)
ginuoc (alternative)
ginuoch (alternative)
gnueg (alternative)
gnūg (alternative)
gnuoc (alternative)
gnuog (alternative)
kanoac (alternative)
kanōg (alternative)
kinōc (alternative)
kinuoc (alternative)
kinuog (alternative)
kenuoc (alternative)
kenuog (alternative)
knueg (alternative)
knuog (alternative)

9th century, Muspilli, line 16-17

When that man in paradise, attains a dwelling / a house in heaven, then enough help will come to him.

denne der man in pardîsu pû kiuuinnit / hûs in himile, dâr quimit imo hilfa kinuok.


girati

German: Gerät

From gi- + rāt (“advice, council”) + -i. Compare gibirgi. Related to modern German Rat.


giozan

giozan (infinitive)
giuzu (first-person present singular)
giuzo (first-person present singular)
gouz (first-person past singular)
giuzis (present second-person singular)
giuzist (present second-person singular)
guzzi (past second-person singular)
giuzit (present singular third-person)
gouz (past singular third-person)
giozem (first-person plural present)
giozemēs (first-person plural present)
guzzum (first-person past plural)
guzzumēs (first-person past plural)
giozet (plural present second-person)
guzzut (past plural second-person)
giozant (plural present third-person)
guzzun (past plural third-person)
gioze (first-person present singular)
guzzi (first-person past singular)
giozēs (present second-person singular)
giozēst (present second-person singular)
guzzīs (past second-person singular)
guzzīst (past second-person singular)
gioze (present singular third-person)
guzzi (past singular third-person)
giozēm (first-person plural present)
guzzīm (first-person past plural)
guzzīmēs (first-person past plural)
giozēt (plural present second-person)
guzzīt (past plural second-person)
giozēn (plural present third-person)
guzzīn (past plural third-person)
giuz (present singular)
giozet (plural present)
giozanti (present)
gigozzan (past)

Middle High German: giezen

German: gießen

→ French: gueuse, guise (“pig iron”)

desctree

→ Italian: ghisa (“cast iron”)
→ Cimbrian: ghiiza

Luxembourgish: géissen

Yiddish: גיסן (gisn)

From Proto-West Germanic *geutan, from Proto-Germanic *geutaną, akin to Old English ġēotan.


glat

Middle High German: glat

German: glatt

→ Danish: glat

→ Swedish: glatt

→ Norwegian: glatt

→ Esperanto: glata

Ido: glata

Luxembourgish: glat

Vilamovian: głōt

Yiddish: גלאַט (glat)
→ English: glatt

From Proto-West Germanic *glad, from Proto-Germanic *gladaz.


glitan

glītan (canonical)
glītan (infinitive)
glītu (first-person present singular)
glīto (first-person present singular)
gleit (first-person past singular)
glītis (present second-person singular)
glītist (present second-person singular)
gliti (past second-person singular)
glītit (present singular third-person)
gleit (past singular third-person)
glītem (first-person plural present)
glītemēs (first-person plural present)
glitum (first-person past plural)
glitumēs (first-person past plural)
glītet (plural present second-person)
glitut (past plural second-person)
glītant (plural present third-person)
glitun (past plural third-person)
glīte (first-person present singular)
gliti (first-person past singular)
glītēs (present second-person singular)
glītēst (present second-person singular)
glitīs (past second-person singular)
glitīst (past second-person singular)
glīte (present singular third-person)
gliti (past singular third-person)
glītēm (first-person plural present)
glitīm (first-person past plural)
glitīmēs (first-person past plural)
glītēt (plural present second-person)
glitīt (past plural second-person)
glītēn (plural present third-person)
glitīn (past plural third-person)
glīt (present singular)
glītet (plural present)
glītanti (present)
giglitan (past)

Middle High German: glīten

German: gleiten

Luxembourgish: gleeden

Yiddish: גלייטן (gleytn)

Yiddish: גליטשן (glitshn)

From Proto-Germanic *glīdaną (“to glide, slide”).


gluoen

gluoen (infinitive)
gluou (first-person present singular)
gluota (first-person past singular)
gluois (present second-person singular)
gluoist (present second-person singular)
gluotōs (past second-person singular)
gluotōst (past second-person singular)
gluoit (present singular third-person)
gluota (past singular third-person)
gluoem (first-person plural present)
gluoemēs (first-person plural present)
gluotum (first-person past plural)
gluotumēs (first-person past plural)
gluoet (plural present second-person)
gluotut (past plural second-person)
gluoent (plural present third-person)
gluotun (past plural third-person)
gluoe (first-person present singular)
gluoti (first-person past singular)
gluoēs (present second-person singular)
gluoēst (present second-person singular)
gluotīs (past second-person singular)
gluotīst (past second-person singular)
gluoe (present singular third-person)
gluoti (past singular third-person)
gluoēm (first-person plural present)
gluoēn (first-person plural present)
gluotīm (first-person past plural)
gluotīn (first-person past plural)
gluotīmēs (first-person past plural)
gluoēt (plural present second-person)
gluotīt (past plural second-person)
gluoēn (plural present third-person)
gluotīn (past plural third-person)
gluoi (present singular)
gluoet (plural present)
gluoenti (present)
gigluot (past)

Middle High German: glüejen

Central Franconian: jlöhe, gliehe

Luxembourgish: glousen

German: glühen

Rhine Franconian: glihe

Frankfurterisch: [kliːi̯ə]

From Proto-West Germanic *glōan, see also Old Saxon glōian, Old English glōwan, Old Norse glóa.


grifan

grīfan (canonical)
grīfan (infinitive)
grīfu (first-person present singular)
grīfo (first-person present singular)
greif (first-person past singular)
grīfis (present second-person singular)
grīfist (present second-person singular)
griffi (past second-person singular)
grīfit (present singular third-person)
greif (past singular third-person)
grīfem (first-person plural present)
grīfemēs (first-person plural present)
griffum (first-person past plural)
griffumēs (first-person past plural)
grīfet (plural present second-person)
griffut (past plural second-person)
grīfant (plural present third-person)
griffun (past plural third-person)
grīfe (first-person present singular)
griffi (first-person past singular)
grīfēs (present second-person singular)
grīfēst (present second-person singular)
griffīs (past second-person singular)
griffīst (past second-person singular)
grīfe (present singular third-person)
griffi (past singular third-person)
grīfēm (first-person plural present)
griffīm (first-person past plural)
griffīmēs (first-person past plural)
grīfēt (plural present second-person)
griffīt (past plural second-person)
grīfēn (plural present third-person)
griffīn (past plural third-person)
grīf (present singular)
grīfet (plural present)
grīfanti (present)
gigriffan (past)

Middle High German: grīfen

Cimbrian: graifan

German: greifen

Luxembourgish: gräifen

→ Old French: grifer

French: griffer

⇒ Italian: grinfia

From Proto-West Germanic *grīpan, whence also Old Saxon, Old Dutch, Old English grīpan, and outside of West Germanic, Old Norse grípa, Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 (greipan).


haltan

haltan (infinitive)
haltu (first-person present singular)
halto (first-person present singular)
hialt (first-person past singular)
haltis (present second-person singular)
haltist (present second-person singular)
hialti (past second-person singular)
haltit (present singular third-person)
hialt (past singular third-person)
haltem (first-person plural present)
haltemēs (first-person plural present)
hialtum (first-person past plural)
hialtumēs (first-person past plural)
haltet (plural present second-person)
hialtut (past plural second-person)
haltant (plural present third-person)
hialtun (past plural third-person)
halte (first-person present singular)
hialti (first-person past singular)
haltēs (present second-person singular)
haltēst (present second-person singular)
hialtīs (past second-person singular)
hialtīst (past second-person singular)
halte (present singular third-person)
hialti (past singular third-person)
haltēm (first-person plural present)
hialtīm (first-person past plural)
hialtīmēs (first-person past plural)
haltēt (plural present second-person)
hialtīt (past plural second-person)
haltēn (plural present third-person)
hialtīn (past plural third-person)
halt (present singular)
haltet (plural present)
haltanti (present)
gihaltan (past)

desctree

Middle High German: halten, halden
Bavarian: hoiten
Cimbrian: haltan, haltn (Luserna)
German: halten
Luxembourgish: halen
Yiddish: האַלטן (haltn)

From Proto-West Germanic *haldan, akin to Old Saxon and Old Dutch haldan, Old English healdan, Old Norse halda, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (haldan).


hazzon

hazzōn (canonical)
hazzōn (infinitive)
hazzōm (first-person present singular)
hazzōn (first-person present singular)
hazzōta (first-person past singular)
hazzōs (present second-person singular)
hazzōst (present second-person singular)
hazzōtōs (past second-person singular)
hazzōtōst (past second-person singular)
hazzōt (present singular third-person)
hazzōta (past singular third-person)
hazzōm (first-person plural present)
hazzōmēs (first-person plural present)
hazzōtum (first-person past plural)
hazzōtumēs (first-person past plural)
hazzōt (plural present second-person)
hazzōtut (past plural second-person)
hazzōnt (plural present third-person)
hazzōtun (past plural third-person)
hazzo (first-person present singular)
hazzōti (first-person past singular)
hazzōtīs (past second-person singular)
hazzo (present singular third-person)
hazzōti (past singular third-person)
hazzōtīm (first-person past plural)
hazzōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
hazzōtīt (past plural second-person)
hazzōn (plural present third-person)
hazzōtīn (past plural third-person)
hazzo (present singular)
hazzōt (plural present)
hazzōnti (present)
gihazzōt (past)
hazzēn (alternative)

Middle High German: hazzen

Cimbrian: haazan

German: hassen

→ Plautdietsch: hassen, haussen

Luxembourgish: haassen

Yiddish: האַסן (hasn)

From Proto-West Germanic *hatēn, from Proto-Germanic *hatāną.


heilag

Middle High German: heilec, heilic

Alemannic German: heilig

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: heilich

Cimbrian: hòolig

German: heilig

Luxembourgish: helleg

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: heilich

Yiddish: הייליק (heylik)

From Proto-West Germanic *hailag, whence also Old Saxon hēlag, Old English hāliġ, Old Norse heilagr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃 (hailags).


heizen

heizen (infinitive)
heizu (first-person present singular)
heizita (first-person past singular)
heizis (present second-person singular)
heizist (present second-person singular)
heizitōs (past second-person singular)
heiztōst (past second-person singular)
heizit (present singular third-person)
heizita (past singular third-person)
heizem (first-person plural present)
heizemēs (first-person plural present)
heizitum (first-person past plural)
heizitumēs (first-person past plural)
heizet (plural present second-person)
heizitut (past plural second-person)
heizent (plural present third-person)
heizitun (past plural third-person)
heize (first-person present singular)
heiziti (first-person past singular)
heizēs (present second-person singular)
heizēst (present second-person singular)
heizitīs (past second-person singular)
heizitīst (past second-person singular)
heize (present singular third-person)
heiziti (past singular third-person)
heizēm (first-person plural present)
heizēn (first-person plural present)
heizitīm (first-person past plural)
heizitīn (first-person past plural)
heizitīmēs (first-person past plural)
heizēt (plural present second-person)
heizitīt (past plural second-person)
heizēn (plural present third-person)
heizitīn (past plural third-person)
heizi (present singular)
heizet (plural present)
heizenti (present)
giheizit (past)

Middle High German: heizen

German: heizen

Yiddish: הייצן (heytsn)

Polish: hajcować

From Proto-West Germanic *haitijan, from Proto-Germanic *haitijaną, whence also Old English hætan, Old Norse heita.


irri

Akin to Old English ierre and further to Latin errare.


garwen

garawen (infinitive)
garawu (first-person present singular)
garawita (first-person past singular)
garawis (present second-person singular)
garawist (present second-person singular)
garawitōs (past second-person singular)
garawtōst (past second-person singular)
garawit (present singular third-person)
garawita (past singular third-person)
garawem (first-person plural present)
garawemēs (first-person plural present)
garawitum (first-person past plural)
garawitumēs (first-person past plural)
garawet (plural present second-person)
garawitut (past plural second-person)
garawent (plural present third-person)
garawitun (past plural third-person)
garawe (first-person present singular)
garawiti (first-person past singular)
garawēs (present second-person singular)
garawēst (present second-person singular)
garawitīs (past second-person singular)
garawitīst (past second-person singular)
garawe (present singular third-person)
garawiti (past singular third-person)
garawēm (first-person plural present)
garawēn (first-person plural present)
garawitīm (first-person past plural)
garawitīn (first-person past plural)
garawitīmēs (first-person past plural)
garawēt (plural present second-person)
garawitīt (past plural second-person)
garawēn (plural present third-person)
garawitīn (past plural third-person)
garawi (present singular)
garawet (plural present)
garawenti (present)
gigarawit (past)
garawen (alternative)

desc

Middle High German: gerwen, garwen, gerben

German: gerben

Luxembourgish: gierwen

From Proto-West Germanic *garwijan. Related to the adjective garo.


leid

Middle High German: leit

German: leid

Silesian: leed

From Proto-West Germanic *laiþ, whence also Old English lāþ, Old Norse leiðr.


liso

Middle High German: līse, līs, līnse

German: leise

From Proto-West Germanic *līsō, *līsijō (“softly”), adverbial form of Proto-West Germanic *līs(ī) (“soft, gentle”); equivalent to *līsi (“low, soft”) + -o (adverbial suffix). Cognate with Old Saxon *līso (whence Middle Low German lîse (“low, gently, softly”)).


luti

lūtī (canonical feminine)
lūtī (nominative singular)
lūtī (nominative plural)
lūtī (accusative singular)
lūtī (accusative plural)
lūtī (genitive singular)
lūtino (genitive plural)
lūtī (dative singular)
lūtinum (dative plural)
hlūdī (alternative)
hlūtī (alternative)
liutī (alternative)

Middle High German: liute

Alemannic German: Lüti, Lüüti

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hlūdī; equivalent to lūt (“loud”) + -ī.


unti

desc

Middle High German: unde, unt, und, unn; onde, ont; (Central Franconian) inde

Bavarian: und

Cimbrian: un

Mòcheno: ont

q

Central Franconian: en, an (< inde), on, un (< unde, now predominant, originally south-eastern)

Hunsrik: un

Luxembourgish: an

German: und

Rhine Franconian: un, on

Pennsylvania German: un

Yiddish: און (un)

From Proto-West Germanic *andi, *and, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti. Compare Old Saxon endi, Old Dutch anda, Old English and, Old Norse enn.

unta (alternative)
unte (alternative)
unda (alternative)
undi (alternative)
unde (alternative)
un (alternative)
anti (alternative)
and (alternative)
enti (alternative)
endi (alternative)
end (alternative)
inti (alternative)
indi (alternative)
int (alternative)
in (alternative)


odar

Middle High German: oder

Cimbrian: òdar, odar (Luserna)

German: oder

Luxembourgish: oder

Yiddish: אָדער (oder)

An alteration of odo under influence of the -r of abur (“but”) and wedar (“which of the two”), from Proto-Germanic *efþau (“or”).


daz

daȥ (canonical)
thaȥ (alternative)
that (alternative Northern)
dat (alternative Northern)

From Proto-Germanic *þat, neuter of *sa (“the”). More at that.

neuter nominative/accusative singular of dër: that, it


daz

Middle High German: daȥ

Alemannic German: ds, s

Swabian: des

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: des, 's, z

Mòcheno: s

German: das, dass

Hessian: dès

Luxembourgish: dass

Silesian East Central German: doas

Yiddish: דאָס (dos)


avur

Middle High German: aber, aver

Alemannic German:

Swabian: abr

Bavarian: owa

Central Franconian:

Eifel: äwwer

Hunsrik: awer

Kölsch: ävver

Wäller Platt: aver, ouwwer

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: abor, aar, awer, awor

German: aber

Luxembourgish: awer, ower

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: awwer, awer

Yiddish: אָבער (ober)

From Proto-Germanic *afar, *abar, *abur (“after, following”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, from”). Akin to Old English eafora (“offspring, successor, descendant”), Old High German after (“after, behind”), Old English æfter (“after, following”). More at after.

cog

afur (alternative)
afar (alternative)
avar (alternative)


milti

From Proto-Germanic *mildijaz, whence also Old English milde, Old Norse mildr.


helfan

hëlfan (canonical)
hëlfan (infinitive)
hilfu (first-person present singular)
hilfo (first-person present singular)
half (first-person past singular)
hilfis (present second-person singular)
hilfist (present second-person singular)
hulfi (past second-person singular)
hilfit (present singular third-person)
half (past singular third-person)
hëlfem (first-person plural present)
hëlfemēs (first-person plural present)
hulfum (first-person past plural)
hulfumēs (first-person past plural)
hëlfet (plural present second-person)
hulfut (past plural second-person)
hëlfant (plural present third-person)
hulfun (past plural third-person)
hëlfe (first-person present singular)
hulfi (first-person past singular)
hëlfēs (present second-person singular)
hëlfēst (present second-person singular)
hulfīs (past second-person singular)
hulfīst (past second-person singular)
hëlfe (present singular third-person)
hulfi (past singular third-person)
hëlfēm (first-person plural present)
hulfīm (first-person past plural)
hulfīmēs (first-person past plural)
hëlfēt (plural present second-person)
hulfīt (past plural second-person)
hëlfēn (plural present third-person)
hulfīn (past plural third-person)
hilf (present singular)
hëlfet (plural present)
hëlfanti (present)
giholfan (past)

desctree

Middle High German: hëlfen
Central Franconian: hellepe
Cimbrian: hölfan
German: helfen
Luxembourgish: hëllefen
Yiddish: העלפֿן (helfn)

From Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną.


helfan

desc

Middle High German: hëlfant, elefant, elfant (relatinisation)

Alemannic German: Elifant

desctree

German: Elefant, Elephant (obsolete)
→ Kashubian: élefant
→ Lower Sorbian: elefant
→ Saterland Frisian: Elefant

Luxembourgish: Elefant

Vilamovian: elefaont

Yiddish: העלפֿאַנד (helfand)

From Proto-West Germanic *elpand (“elephant, ivory”)


huldi

huldī (canonical feminine)
huldī (nominative singular)
huldī (accusative singular)
huldī (genitive singular)
huldī (dative singular)
huldhi (alternative)
hulldi (alternative)

Middle High German: hulde, hülde

German: Huld

→ Old Czech: hold

Czech: hold

→ Polish: hołd

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hulþī; equivalent to hold (“friendly”) + -ī.


holdo

holdo (nominative singular)
holdon (nominative plural)
holdun (nominative plural)
holdon (accusative singular)
holdun (accusative singular)
holdon (accusative plural)
holdun (accusative plural)
holden (genitive singular)
holdin (genitive singular)
holdōno (genitive plural)
holden (dative singular)
holdin (dative singular)
holdōm (dative plural)
holdōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: holde

German: Holde

From Proto-Germanic *hulþô, an old substantivization of the adjective underlying hold.


houwan

houwan (infinitive)
houwu (first-person present singular)
houwo (first-person present singular)
hio (first-person past singular)
houwis (present second-person singular)
houwist (present second-person singular)
hiowi (past second-person singular)
houwit (present singular third-person)
hio (past singular third-person)
houwem (first-person plural present)
houwemēs (first-person plural present)
hiowum (first-person past plural)
hiowumēs (first-person past plural)
houwet (plural present second-person)
hiowut (past plural second-person)
houwant (plural present third-person)
hiowun (past plural third-person)
houwe (first-person present singular)
hiowi (first-person past singular)
houwēs (present second-person singular)
houwēst (present second-person singular)
hiowīs (past second-person singular)
hiowīst (past second-person singular)
houwe (present singular third-person)
hiowi (past singular third-person)
houwēm (first-person plural present)
hiowīm (first-person past plural)
hiowīmēs (first-person past plural)
houwēt (plural present second-person)
hiowīt (past plural second-person)
houwēn (plural present third-person)
hiowīn (past plural third-person)
houw (present singular)
houwet (plural present)
houwanti (present)
gihouwan (past)

Middle High German: houwen

Cimbrian: hauan

German: hauen

Luxembourgish: haen

From Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną.


rouh

German: Rauch

From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old Saxon rōk, Old Dutch rouc, Old English rēc, Old Norse reykr.


riohhan

riohhan (infinitive)
riuhhu (first-person present singular)
riuhho (first-person present singular)
rouh (first-person past singular)
riuhhis (present second-person singular)
riuhhist (present second-person singular)
ruhhi (past second-person singular)
riuhhit (present singular third-person)
rouh (past singular third-person)
riohhem (first-person plural present)
riohhemēs (first-person plural present)
ruhhum (first-person past plural)
ruhhumēs (first-person past plural)
riohhet (plural present second-person)
ruhhut (past plural second-person)
riohhant (plural present third-person)
ruhhun (past plural third-person)
riohhe (first-person present singular)
ruhhi (first-person past singular)
riohhēs (present second-person singular)
riohhēst (present second-person singular)
ruhhīs (past second-person singular)
ruhhīst (past second-person singular)
riohhe (present singular third-person)
ruhhi (past singular third-person)
riohhēm (first-person plural present)
ruhhīm (first-person past plural)
ruhhīmēs (first-person past plural)
riohhēt (plural present second-person)
ruhhīt (past plural second-person)
riohhēn (plural present third-person)
ruhhīn (past plural third-person)
riuh (present singular)
riohhet (plural present)
riohhanti (present)
girohhan (past)

German: riechen

From Proto-West Germanic *reukan, see also Old English rēocan, Old Frisian riāka, Old Norse rjúka.


hungar

desctree

Middle High German: hunger
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Hunger
Luxembourgish: Honger
Cimbrian: hungar, hummar (Luserna)
German: Hunger
Yiddish: הונגער (hunger)

From Proto-West Germanic *hungr, see also Old Saxon hungar, Old English hungor, Old Norse hungr.


fogalon

fogalōn (canonical)
fogalōn (infinitive)
fogalōm (first-person present singular)
fogalōn (first-person present singular)
fogalōta (first-person past singular)
fogalōs (present second-person singular)
fogalōst (present second-person singular)
fogalōtōs (past second-person singular)
fogalōtōst (past second-person singular)
fogalōt (present singular third-person)
fogalōta (past singular third-person)
fogalōm (first-person plural present)
fogalōmēs (first-person plural present)
fogalōtum (first-person past plural)
fogalōtumēs (first-person past plural)
fogalōt (plural present second-person)
fogalōtut (past plural second-person)
fogalōnt (plural present third-person)
fogalōtun (past plural third-person)
fogalo (first-person present singular)
fogalōti (first-person past singular)
fogalōtīs (past second-person singular)
fogalo (present singular third-person)
fogalōti (past singular third-person)
fogalōtīm (first-person past plural)
fogalōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
fogalōtīt (past plural second-person)
fogalōn (plural present third-person)
fogalōtīn (past plural third-person)
fogalo (present singular)
fogalōt (plural present)
fogalōnti (present)
gifogalōt (past)

Middle High German: vogelen, voglen

German: vogeln, vögeln


fogal

fogal (nominative singular)
fogalā (nominative plural)
fogala (nominative plural)
fogal (accusative singular)
fogalā (accusative plural)
fogala (accusative plural)
fogales (genitive singular)
fogalo (genitive plural)
fogale (dative singular)
fogalum (dative plural)
fogalu (instrumental singular)
fugal (alternative)

Middle High German: vogel

Alemannic German: Fogel, Vogel

desc

Central Franconian: Vuggel, Vugel (Colognian Academy spelling), Vuul (scattered variant in Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: Foghel

Kölsch: Furrel

Cimbrian: vóoghel, bóoghel, vogl

German: Vogel

Luxembourgish: Vugel, Vull

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Voggel

Vilamovian: föguł

Yiddish: פֿויגל (foygl)

From Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz, whence also Old English fugol, Old Norse fugl.


irren

irren (infinitive)
irru (first-person present singular)
irta (first-person past singular)
irris (present second-person singular)
irrist (present second-person singular)
irtōs (past second-person singular)
irrtōst (past second-person singular)
irrit (present singular third-person)
irta (past singular third-person)
irrem (first-person plural present)
irremēs (first-person plural present)
irtum (first-person past plural)
irtumēs (first-person past plural)
irret (plural present second-person)
irtut (past plural second-person)
irrent (plural present third-person)
irtun (past plural third-person)
irre (first-person present singular)
irti (first-person past singular)
irrēs (present second-person singular)
irrēst (present second-person singular)
irtīs (past second-person singular)
irtīst (past second-person singular)
irre (present singular third-person)
irti (past singular third-person)
irrēm (first-person plural present)
irrēn (first-person plural present)
irtīm (first-person past plural)
irtīn (first-person past plural)
irtīmēs (first-person past plural)
irrēt (plural present second-person)
irtīt (past plural second-person)
irrēn (plural present third-person)
irtīn (past plural third-person)
irri (present singular)
irret (plural present)
irrenti (present)
girrit (past)

Middle High German: irren

German: irren


irron

irrōn (canonical)
irrōn (infinitive)
irrōm (first-person present singular)
irrōn (first-person present singular)
irrōta (first-person past singular)
irrōs (present second-person singular)
irrōst (present second-person singular)
irrōtōs (past second-person singular)
irrōtōst (past second-person singular)
irrōt (present singular third-person)
irrōta (past singular third-person)
irrōm (first-person plural present)
irrōmēs (first-person plural present)
irrōtum (first-person past plural)
irrōtumēs (first-person past plural)
irrōt (plural present second-person)
irrōtut (past plural second-person)
irrōnt (plural present third-person)
irrōtun (past plural third-person)
irro (first-person present singular)
irrōti (first-person past singular)
irrōtīs (past second-person singular)
irro (present singular third-person)
irrōti (past singular third-person)
irrōtīm (first-person past plural)
irrōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
irrōtīt (past plural second-person)
irrōn (plural present third-person)
irrōtīn (past plural third-person)
irro (present singular)
irrōt (plural present)
irrōnti (present)
giirrōt (past)

Middle High German: irren

German: irren


jucchen

Middle High German: jucken, jücken

German: jucken, jücken

→ Esperanto: juki

→ Swedish: jucka

Yiddish: יוקן (yukn)

jukken (alternative)
jucken (alternative)


jesan

jesan (infinitive)
jisu (first-person present singular)
jiso (first-person present singular)
jas (first-person past singular)
jisis (present second-person singular)
jisist (present second-person singular)
jāri (past second-person singular)
jisit (present singular third-person)
jas (past singular third-person)
jesem (first-person plural present)
jesemēs (first-person plural present)
jārum (first-person past plural)
jārumēs (first-person past plural)
jeset (plural present second-person)
jārut (past plural second-person)
jesant (plural present third-person)
jārun (past plural third-person)
jese (first-person present singular)
jāri (first-person past singular)
jesēs (present second-person singular)
jesēst (present second-person singular)
jārīs (past second-person singular)
jārīst (past second-person singular)
jese (present singular third-person)
jāri (past singular third-person)
jesēm (first-person plural present)
jārīm (first-person past plural)
jārīmēs (first-person past plural)
jesēt (plural present second-person)
jārīt (past plural second-person)
jesēn (plural present third-person)
jārīn (past plural third-person)
jis (present singular)
jeset (plural present)
jesanti (present)
gijesan (past)
gesan (alternative)


jetan

jetan (infinitive)
jitu (first-person present singular)
jito (first-person present singular)
jat (first-person past singular)
jitis (present second-person singular)
jitist (present second-person singular)
jāti (past second-person singular)
jitit (present singular third-person)
jat (past singular third-person)
jetem (first-person plural present)
jetemēs (first-person plural present)
jātum (first-person past plural)
jātumēs (first-person past plural)
jetet (plural present second-person)
jātut (past plural second-person)
jetant (plural present third-person)
jātun (past plural third-person)
jete (first-person present singular)
jāti (first-person past singular)
jetēs (present second-person singular)
jetēst (present second-person singular)
jātīs (past second-person singular)
jātīst (past second-person singular)
jete (present singular third-person)
jāti (past singular third-person)
jetēm (first-person plural present)
jātīm (first-person past plural)
jātīmēs (first-person past plural)
jetēt (plural present second-person)
jātīt (past plural second-person)
jetēn (plural present third-person)
jātīn (past plural third-person)
jit (present singular)
jetet (plural present)
jetanti (present)
gijetan (past)


jagon

Middle High German: jagen

Alemannic German: jage

Cimbrian: jaagan

German: jagen

Hunsrik: jachte

Luxembourgish: joen

Yiddish: יאָגן (yogn)

>? Proto-Albanian: *jaxånj-

Albanian: gjuaj


ioweder

Middle High German: ieweder

Cimbrian: éttor

German: jeder

Yiddish: יעדער (yeder)


wedar

Middle High German: weder

Alemannic German: weder

Cimbrian: bèdar

German: weder


maho

maho (nominative singular)
mahon (nominative plural)
mahun (nominative plural)
mahon (accusative singular)
mahun (accusative singular)
mahon (accusative plural)
mahun (accusative plural)
mahen (genitive singular)
mahin (genitive singular)
mahōno (genitive plural)
mahen (dative singular)
mahin (dative singular)
mahōm (dative plural)
mahōn (dative plural)
mago (alternative)

Middle High German: mahe, mahen, mān, magen, mage

Cimbrian: mago

German: Mohn
→ Estonian: moon

Swabian: mage

→ Estonian: magun

→ Latvian: magone

→ Lithuanian: aguona


nadala

German: Nadel

Yiddish: נאָדל (nodl)

From Proto-West Germanic *nāþlu, whence also Old English nædl, Old Norse nál.


reichen

reichen (infinitive)
reichu (first-person present singular)
reichta (first-person past singular)
reichis (present second-person singular)
reichist (present second-person singular)
reichtōs (past second-person singular)
reichtōst (past second-person singular)
reichit (present singular third-person)
reichta (past singular third-person)
reichem (first-person plural present)
reichemēs (first-person plural present)
reichtum (first-person past plural)
reichtumēs (first-person past plural)
reichet (plural present second-person)
reichtut (past plural second-person)
reichent (plural present third-person)
reichtun (past plural third-person)
reiche (first-person present singular)
reichti (first-person past singular)
reichēs (present second-person singular)
reichēst (present second-person singular)
reichtīs (past second-person singular)
reichtīst (past second-person singular)
reiche (present singular third-person)
reichti (past singular third-person)
reichēm (first-person plural present)
reichēn (first-person plural present)
reichtīm (first-person past plural)
reichtīn (first-person past plural)
reichtīmēs (first-person past plural)
reichēt (plural present second-person)
reichtīt (past plural second-person)
reichēn (plural present third-person)
reichtīn (past plural third-person)
reichi (present singular)
reichet (plural present)
reichenti (present)
gireicht (past)
reihhen (alternative)

Middle High German: reichen

Bavarian: reicha, reichn

Cimbrian: rékhan

German: reichen

Yiddish: גרייכן (greykhn)

From Proto-West Germanic *raikijan, from Proto-Germanic *raikijaną, whence also Old English ræċan.


subar

German: sauber

Hunsrik: sauver


slafan

slāfan (canonical)
slāfan (infinitive)
slāfu (first-person present singular)
slāfo (first-person present singular)
sliaf (first-person past singular)
slāfis (present second-person singular)
slāfist (present second-person singular)
sliafi (past second-person singular)
slāfit (present singular third-person)
sliaf (past singular third-person)
slāfem (first-person plural present)
slāfemēs (first-person plural present)
sliafum (first-person past plural)
sliafumēs (first-person past plural)
slāfet (plural present second-person)
sliafut (past plural second-person)
slāfant (plural present third-person)
sliafun (past plural third-person)
slāfe (first-person present singular)
sliafi (first-person past singular)
slāfēs (present second-person singular)
slāfēst (present second-person singular)
sliafīs (past second-person singular)
sliafīst (past second-person singular)
slāfe (present singular third-person)
sliafi (past singular third-person)
slāfēm (first-person plural present)
sliafīm (first-person past plural)
sliafīmēs (first-person past plural)
slāfēt (plural present second-person)
sliafīt (past plural second-person)
slāfēn (plural present third-person)
sliafīn (past plural third-person)
slāf (present singular)
slāfet (plural present)
slāfanti (present)
gislāfan (past)

desctree

Middle High German: slāfen
Alemannic German: schlaaffe, schlooffe
Badisch: schlofe
Italian Walser: schloafe, schloafen, schlofe, schlàfu, schlaafä
Bavarian:
Central Bavarian: schloffa
Cimbrian: slaafan, slafan, slavan
Mòcheno: schloven
South Tyrolean: schlofn, sghlofn
Central Franconian: schlofe
Hunsrik: schlofe
Luxembourgish: schlofen
German: schlafen
Rhine Franconian: schlofe
Pennsylvania German: schlofe
Yiddish: שלאָפֿן (shlofn)

From Proto-West Germanic *slāpan. Compare Old Saxon slāpan, Old English slǣpan. More at sleep.


skif

Middle High German: schif, schef
Bavarian: Schiff, Scheff
Central Franconian: Scheff, Schoff, Schöff (parts of Eifel, southwestern Ripuarian)
Hunsrik: Schiff
Luxembourgish: Schëff
German: Schiff
Yiddish: שיף (shif)

→ Old Italian: schifo
Italian: schifo
⇒ English: skeevy
⇒ English: skeeve
→ Middle French: esquif
French: esquif
→ Middle English: skif
English: skiff
→ Russian: скиф (skif)

From Proto-West Germanic *skip, from Proto-Germanic *skipą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *skey-, possibly from *sek- + *-éyti.
Cognate with Old Saxon skip, Old English sċip, Old Norse skip, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀 (skip).


sweren

desctree

Middle High German: swern
Alemannic German: schwere
German: schwören
Luxembourgish: schwieren

From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, whence also Old Saxon swerian, Old English swerian, Old Norse sverja, Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swaran). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

swerien (alternative)
swerren (alternative)


sweren

third-person plural present subjunctive of swëran


slihhan

Middle High German: slīchen

German: schleichen


slahan

slahan (infinitive)
slahu (first-person present singular)
slaho (first-person present singular)
sluog (first-person past singular)
slahis (present second-person singular)
slahist (present second-person singular)
sluogi (past second-person singular)
slahit (present singular third-person)
sluog (past singular third-person)
slahem (first-person plural present)
slahemēs (first-person plural present)
sluogum (first-person past plural)
sluogumēs (first-person past plural)
slahet (plural present second-person)
sluogut (past plural second-person)
slahant (plural present third-person)
sluogun (past plural third-person)
slahe (first-person present singular)
sluogi (first-person past singular)
slahēs (present second-person singular)
slahēst (present second-person singular)
sluogīs (past second-person singular)
sluogīst (past second-person singular)
slahe (present singular third-person)
sluogi (past singular third-person)
slahēm (first-person plural present)
sluogīm (first-person past plural)
sluogīmēs (first-person past plural)
slahēt (plural present second-person)
sluogīt (past plural second-person)
slahēn (plural present third-person)
sluogīn (past plural third-person)
slah (present singular)
slahet (plural present)
slahanti (present)
gislagan (past)

Middle High German: slahen, slagen, slân
Alemannic German: schlaa
Central Franconian: schlon
German: schlagen
Hunsrik: schlaan
Luxembourgish: schloen

From Proto-West Germanic *slahan, from Proto-Germanic *slahaną, from Proto-Indo-European *slak- (“to hit, strike, throw”).
Cognate with Old Saxon slahan, Old English slēan, Old Norse slá, Gothic 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (slahan).


wahhen

Middle High German: wachen

Cimbrian: bachan

German: wachen

Luxembourgish: waachen

Yiddish: וואַכן (vakhn)


buoh

buoh (nominative singular)
buoh (nominative plural)
buoh (accusative singular)
buoh (accusative plural)
buohes (genitive singular)
buoho (genitive plural)
buohe (dative singular)
buohum (dative plural)
buohu (instrumental singular)
puoh (alternative)

Middle High German: buoch

Alemannic German: Buech, Büäch

Alsatian: Bööch, Büech

Swabian: Buach

Bavarian: Buach

Münsterländisch: Büak

Central Franconian: Booch, Buch

Hunsrik: Buch

Kölsch: Booch

Luxembourgish: Buch

East Franconian: Bouch

German: Buch

Rhine Franconian: Buch, Busch

Pennsylvania German: Buch

Vilamovian: büch

Yiddish: בוך (bukh)

From Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks, whence also Old Saxon bōk, Old English bōc, Old Norse bók, Gothic 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃 (bōkōs).


tisc

Middle High German: tisch

Alemannic German: Disch

Bavarian: Disch

Cimbrian: tiss, tisch (Luserna)

Central Franconian:

Eiflerisch: Disch, Desch

Hunsrik: Disch

Kölsch: Desch

Luxembourgish: Dësch

Transylvanian Saxon: Däsch

East Central German:

Vilamovian: tejś

East Franconian:

German: Tisch

Rhine Franconian: Disch

Pennsylvania German: Disch

Yiddish: טיש (tish)


triugan

From Proto-Germanic *dreuganą. Akin to Old Norse draugr.


eitar

Middle High German: eiter

German: Eiter

Luxembourgish: Eeter


fingar

fingar (nominative singular)
fingarā (nominative plural)
fingara (nominative plural)
fingar (accusative singular)
fingarā (accusative plural)
fingara (accusative plural)
fingares (genitive singular)
fingaro (genitive plural)
fingare (dative singular)
fingarum (dative plural)
fingaru (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: vinger
Alemannic German:
Swabian: Fengr
Bavarian: Finga
Cimbrian: vingar, bingar (Mezzaselva)
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Finger
Luxembourgish: Fanger
German: Finger
Vilamovian: fyngier
Yiddish: פֿינגער (finger)

From Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷrós.


fedara

Middle High German: vëdere, vëder

Cimbrian: vèdara, bèdara (Mezzaselva)

German: Feder

Luxembourgish: Fieder

Vilamovian: faoder

Yiddish: פֿעדער (feder)

→ Italian: federa (“pillowcase”)

→ Venetan: fhédera

→ Cimbrian: fòdara

From Proto-West Germanic *feþru, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō, whence also Old Saxon fethara, Old Dutch fethera, fethara, Old English feþer, Old Norse fjöðr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).


fezzil

German: Fessel

From Proto-Germanic *fatilaz, whence also Old English fetel, Old Norse fetill.


rabo

rabo (nominative singular)
rabon (nominative plural)
rabun (nominative plural)
rabon (accusative singular)
rabun (accusative singular)
rabon (accusative plural)
rabun (accusative plural)
raben (genitive singular)
rabin (genitive singular)
rabōno (genitive plural)
raben (dative singular)
rabin (dative singular)
rabōm (dative plural)
rabōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: rabe

Alemannic German: Rapp

German: Rabe

Luxembourgish: Ramm

Rhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp

From Proto-West Germanic *hrabō, from Proto-Germanic *hrabô.


krem

→ Italian: Crema

→ Lombard: Crèma


bizza

From Proto-West Germanic *bitā, related to *bītan.


zippa

→ Italian: zeppa

Sicilian: zìppula


brezza

brēzza (canonical feminine)
brēzza (nominative singular)
brēzzūn (nominative plural)
brēzzūn (accusative singular)
brēzzūn (accusative plural)
brēzzūn (genitive singular)
brēzzōno (genitive plural)
brēzzūn (dative singular)
brēzzōm (dative plural)
brēzzōn (dative plural)
breza (alternative)
preczen (alternative)

Middle High German: brezze, pretze

Bavarian: Breze, Brezn

→ German: Breze, Brezen, Brezn

German: Bretze (obsolete)

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Bretze

→ Ladin: prezen

→ Hungarian: perec

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: pereca

Cyrillic script: переца

→ Slovene: presta

A clipping of brēzitella or a syncopic form of brēzzita.


zun

Middle High German: zūn, zoun

Alemannic German: Zuun

desc

Central Franconian: Zong, Zung, Zuu, Zoun, Zaun

Luxembourgish: Zonk

German: Zaun

Vilamovian: caojn

From Proto-West Germanic *tūn, from Proto-Germanic *tūną.


arming

arming (nominative singular)
armingā (nominative plural)
arminga (nominative plural)
arming (accusative singular)
armingā (accusative plural)
arminga (accusative plural)
arminges (genitive singular)
armingo (genitive plural)
arminge (dative singular)
armingum (dative plural)
armingu (instrumental singular)


panch

→ Italian: panca


karra

karra (nominative singular)
karrā (nominative plural)
karra (accusative singular)
karrā (accusative plural)
karra (genitive singular)
karrōno (genitive plural)
karru (dative singular)
karrōm (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: karre
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Karre
German: Karre

Borrowed from Latin carrus, borrowed from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós, from *ḱers- + *-ós.


lera

Middle High German: lēre

German: Lehre

Luxembourgish: Léier

From Proto-West Germanic *laiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *laizō, from *laizijaną. Cognate with Old Saxon lēra, Old English lār (English lore).


wint

winti (plural)
wint (nominative singular)
winti (nominative plural)
wint (accusative singular)
winti (accusative plural)
wintes (genitive singular)
winto (genitive plural)
winte (dative singular)
wintim (dative plural)
winten (dative plural)
wintu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: wint

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: winn, wend, wénn, wind

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: bint

Mòcheno: bint

Udinese: bint

Viennese: Wind

German: Wind

Luxembourgish: Wand

Vilamovian: wynt

Yiddish: ווינט (vint)

From Proto-West Germanic *wind. Akin to Old Saxon wind, Old English wind, Old Norse vindr, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃 (winds).


sin-

From Proto-West Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Indo-European *sem-.


hemma

Italian: Maremma (compound)

From Proto-Germanic *hamjō; cognate with German hemmen (“to check, hamper”) and Icelandic hemill (“a check, retardant”).


sages

second-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of sagēn


frote

alternative form of fruote, strong masculine nominative/accusative plural of fruot


lindo

Adverbial derivative of Proto-West Germanic *linþ(ī) (“gentle, mild”)


quedan

quëdan (canonical)
quëdan (infinitive)
quidu (first-person present singular)
quido (first-person present singular)
quad (first-person past singular)
quidis (present second-person singular)
quidist (present second-person singular)
quāti (past second-person singular)
quidit (present singular third-person)
quad (past singular third-person)
quëdem (first-person plural present)
quëdemēs (first-person plural present)
quātum (first-person past plural)
quātumēs (first-person past plural)
quëdet (plural present second-person)
quātut (past plural second-person)
quëdant (plural present third-person)
quātun (past plural third-person)
quëde (first-person present singular)
quāti (first-person past singular)
quëdēs (present second-person singular)
quëdēst (present second-person singular)
quātīs (past second-person singular)
quātīst (past second-person singular)
quëde (present singular third-person)
quāti (past singular third-person)
quëdēm (first-person plural present)
quātīm (first-person past plural)
quātīmēs (first-person past plural)
quëdēt (plural present second-person)
quātīt (past plural second-person)
quëdēn (plural present third-person)
quātīn (past plural third-person)
quid (present singular)
quëdet (plural present)
quëdanti (present)
giquëtan (past)

Middle High German: quëden

Cimbrian: khödan

From Proto-West Germanic *kweþan, from Proto-Germanic *kweþaną, whence Old English cweþan.


queman

quëman (canonical)
quëman (infinitive)
quimu (first-person present singular)
quimo (first-person present singular)
quam (first-person past singular)
quimis (present second-person singular)
quimist (present second-person singular)
quāmi (past second-person singular)
quimit (present singular third-person)
quam (past singular third-person)
quëmem (first-person plural present)
quëmemēs (first-person plural present)
quāmum (first-person past plural)
quāmumēs (first-person past plural)
quëmet (plural present second-person)
quāmut (past plural second-person)
quëmant (plural present third-person)
quāmun (past plural third-person)
quëme (first-person present singular)
quāmi (first-person past singular)
quëmēs (present second-person singular)
quëmēst (present second-person singular)
quāmīs (past second-person singular)
quāmīst (past second-person singular)
quëme (present singular third-person)
quāmi (past singular third-person)
quëmēm (first-person plural present)
quāmīm (first-person past plural)
quāmīmēs (first-person past plural)
quëmēt (plural present second-person)
quāmīt (past plural second-person)
quëmēn (plural present third-person)
quāmīn (past plural third-person)
quim (present singular)
quëmet (plural present)
quëmanti (present)
giquoman (past)
kweman (alternative)
chuëman (alternative)
kuman (alternative)
cuman (alternative)
chuman (alternative)

desc

Middle High German: quëmen, këmen, kümen, kumen, komen

Alemannic German: choo, cho, cha

Italian Walser: cheemen, cheme, cho, chomu, chéeme

Bavarian: kemman, kumman

Cimbrian: khemmen, khèmman, ken

Mòcheno: kemmen

Udinese: ckeman, kèmmin, khemen

Central Franconian: komme, kumme (some Ripuarian dialects, including Kölsch), kun, kunn, konn (Ripuarian; some Moselle Franconian dialects; chiefly dated), kunn, kuun, konn, kumme, komme

Hunsrik: komme

German: kommen

Luxembourgish: kommen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: kumme

Yiddish: קומען (kumen)


queme

first/third-person singular present subjunctive of quëman


quemes

quëmēs (canonical)
quëmēst (alternative)

second-person singular present subjunctive of quëman


quemen

third-person plural present subjunctive of quëman


sellen

sellen (infinitive)
sellu (first-person present singular)
salta (first-person past singular)
selis (present second-person singular)
selist (present second-person singular)
saltōs (past second-person singular)
seltōst (past second-person singular)
selit (present singular third-person)
salta (past singular third-person)
sellem (first-person plural present)
sellemēs (first-person plural present)
saltum (first-person past plural)
saltumēs (first-person past plural)
sellet (plural present second-person)
saltut (past plural second-person)
sellent (plural present third-person)
saltun (past plural third-person)
selle (first-person present singular)
salti (first-person past singular)
sellēs (present second-person singular)
sellēst (present second-person singular)
saltīs (past second-person singular)
saltīst (past second-person singular)
selle (present singular third-person)
salti (past singular third-person)
sellēm (first-person plural present)
sellēn (first-person plural present)
saltīm (first-person past plural)
saltīn (first-person past plural)
saltīmēs (first-person past plural)
sellēt (plural present second-person)
saltīt (past plural second-person)
sellēn (plural present third-person)
saltīn (past plural third-person)
seli (present singular)
sellet (plural present)
sellenti (present)
gisalt (past)

Middle High German: sellen

German: sellen (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *salljan, from Proto-Germanic *saljaną. Compare Old Saxon sellian, Old Dutch sellen, Old English sellan, Old Norse selja, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saljan).


bluot

bluot (nominative singular)
bluot (nominative plural)
bluot (accusative singular)
bluot (accusative plural)
bluotes (genitive singular)
bluoto (genitive plural)
bluote (dative singular)
bluotum (dative plural)
bluotu (instrumental singular)
blod (alternative)
bluat (alternative)
blud (alternative)
bluet (alternative)
bluod (alternative)
bluoth (alternative)
blut (alternative)
bluth (alternative)
pload (alternative)
ploat (alternative)
plot (alternative)
plout (alternative)
pluat (alternative)
pluod (alternative)
pluot (alternative)
pluoth (alternative)

desctree

Middle High German: bluot
Alemannic German: Bluet
Alsatian: Blüet
Swabian: Bluat
Bavarian: Bluad, Bluat
Cimbrian: pluat
Mòcheno:
Central Franconian: Blot
Hunsrik: Blud
Luxembourgish: Blutt
East Central German: Blutt (Oberlausitz; Silesian)
Vilamovian: błüt
East Franconian:
German: Blut
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Blut
Yiddish: בלוט (blut)

From Proto-West Germanic *blōd, from Proto-Germanic *blōþą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-.
Compare Old Dutch bluot, Old Saxon blōd, Old English blōd, Old Norse blóð, Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸 (blōþ).


boum

bouma (plural)
boum (nominative singular)
boumā (nominative plural)
bouma (nominative plural)
boum (accusative singular)
boumā (accusative plural)
bouma (accusative plural)
boumes (genitive singular)
boumo (genitive plural)
boume (dative singular)
boumum (dative plural)
boumu (instrumental singular)
poum (alternative)
paum (alternative)

desctree

Middle High German: boum, boun, bōm, bōn, bām, poum, pām
Alemannic German: Baaum, Bum, Baim, Baum, Boum
Swabian: Boum, Boom
Walser: böim, baum, bem
Bavarian: Bam, paam, pame
Cimbrian: póom, puam, pome
Mòcheno: pa'm
Central Franconian: Boom, Baum, Boum, Baam
Hunsrik: Baam
Luxembourgish: Bam
Transylvanian Saxon: bum
East Central German:
Erzgebirgisch: Baam
Upper Saxon German: Boom, Baam
Vilamovian: baojm, boum
East Franconian: Baam, Bääm
German: Baum
Rhine Franconian: Baam
Pennsylvania German: Baam
Palatine German: Baam
Yiddish: בוים (boym)

From Proto-West Germanic *baum, possibly from Proto-Germanic *bagmaz.
Cognate with Old English bēam.


brust

brust (nominative singular)
brusti (nominative plural)
brust (accusative singular)
brusti (accusative plural)
brusti (genitive singular)
brusto (genitive plural)
brusti (dative singular)
brustim (dative plural)
brusten (dative plural)

Middle High German: brust

Alemannic German:

Swabian: Bruschd

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: Bruss

German: Brust

Luxembourgish: Broscht

Vilamovian: brust

Yiddish: ברוסט (brust)

From Proto-West Germanic *brust. Cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍃 (brusts).


bruoder

desctree

Middle High German: bruoder
Alemannic German: Brüeder, Brueder
Italian Walser: briöder, bruder, brueder, bröder
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: pruudar, pruadar (Luserna, Tredici Comuni)
Mòcheno: pruader
Northern Bavarian: [ˈb̥rou̯d̥ɐ], [ˈb̥rei̯d̥ɐ]
Udinese: pruadar, prueder, pruider
Central Franconian: Broder, Bruder
Hunsrik: Bruder
Luxembourgish: Brudder
German: Bruder
Rhine Franconian: Bruder
Frankfurterisch: [pʀuːd̥æ̆], [prɔurə]
Pennsylvania German: Bruder
Vilamovian: brüder
Yiddish: ברודער (bruder)

From Proto-West Germanic *brōþer, from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


brot

brōt (canonical neuter)
brōt (nominative singular)
brōt (nominative plural)
brōt (accusative singular)
brōt (accusative plural)
brōtes (genitive singular)
brōto (genitive plural)
brōte (dative singular)
brōtum (dative plural)
brōtu (instrumental singular)
prōt (alternative Northern variant)
prooth (alternative Northern variant)
*brōd (alternative Northern variant)

Middle High German: brōt, brōd
Alemannic German: Brot
Italian Walser: brot, broud, bruat, bròt, bröt
Bavarian: Brout, proat
Cimbrian: proat, pròat (Sette Comuni)
Mòcheno: proat
Central Franconian: Brot
Hunsrik: Brod
Luxembourgish: Brout
German: Brot
Pennsylvania German: Brot
Vilamovian: brūt
Yiddish: ברויט (broyt)

From Proto-West Germanic *braud, from Proto-Germanic *braudą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.
Cognate with Old Saxon brōd (German Low German Broot), Old English brēad (English bread), Old Frisian brād (West Frisian brea), Dutch brood, Old Norse brauð (Icelandic brauð).

etymon

The Lord's Prayer, circa 830


-isc

desctree

Middle High German: -isch
German: -isch
→ Dutch: -isch
Afrikaans: -ies
→ Indonesian: -is
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: -isch
Luxembourgish: -esch
Vilamovian: -yś
Yiddish: ־יש (-ish)

From Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

etymon

himilisc (“heavenly”) from himil (“heaven”)


Wolfgang

Wolfgang (nominative singular)
Wolfgangā (nominative plural)
Wolfganga (nominative plural)
Wolfgang (accusative singular)
Wolfgangā (accusative plural)
Wolfganga (accusative plural)
Wolfganges (genitive singular)
Wolfgango (genitive plural)
Wolfgange (dative singular)
Wolfgangum (dative plural)
Wolfgangu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: Wolfgang

German: Wolfgang

English: Wolfgang

Danish: Wolfgang

Portuguese: Wolfgang

From wolf (“wolf”) + gang (“path, course, journey”).


zan

zan (nominative singular)
zani (nominative plural)
zan (accusative singular)
zani (accusative plural)
zanes (genitive singular)
zano (genitive plural)
zane (dative singular)
zanim (dative plural)
zanen (dative plural)
zanu (instrumental singular)


nim

second-person singular imperative of nëman


frisking

frisking (nominative singular)
friskingā (nominative plural)
friskinga (nominative plural)
frisking (accusative singular)
friskingā (accusative plural)
friskinga (accusative plural)
friskinges (genitive singular)
friskingo (genitive plural)
friskinge (dative singular)
friskingum (dative plural)
friskingu (instrumental singular)
friscing (alternative)
frusking (alternative)
fruscing (alternative)

Middle High German: vrischinc

German: Frischling


alte

strong masculine nominative/accusative plural of alt


purpura

Middle High German: purpur, purper

German: Purpur

From Proto-West Germanic *purpurā (“purple”).


heit

heit (nominative singular)
heiti (nominative plural)
heit (accusative singular)
heiti (accusative plural)
heites (genitive singular)
heito (genitive plural)
heite (dative singular)
heitim (dative plural)
heiten (dative plural)
heitu (instrumental singular)


spalt

German: Spalt, Spalte

→ Italian: spalto

Related to Lombardic spalt (“crack, fissure”); see modern German spalten (“to cleave”).


hagal

Middle High German: hagel

German: Hagel

Luxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)

Yiddish: האָגל (hogl)

From Proto-Germanic *haglaz, likely from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”).


neigen

neigen (infinitive)
neigu (first-person present singular)
neigta (first-person past singular)
neigis (present second-person singular)
neigist (present second-person singular)
neigtōs (past second-person singular)
neigtōst (past second-person singular)
neigit (present singular third-person)
neigta (past singular third-person)
neigem (first-person plural present)
neigemēs (first-person plural present)
neigtum (first-person past plural)
neigtumēs (first-person past plural)
neiget (plural present second-person)
neigtut (past plural second-person)
neigent (plural present third-person)
neigtun (past plural third-person)
neige (first-person present singular)
neigti (first-person past singular)
neigēs (present second-person singular)
neigēst (present second-person singular)
neigtīs (past second-person singular)
neigtīst (past second-person singular)
neige (present singular third-person)
neigti (past singular third-person)
neigēm (first-person plural present)
neigēn (first-person plural present)
neigtīm (first-person past plural)
neigtīn (first-person past plural)
neigtīmēs (first-person past plural)
neigēt (plural present second-person)
neigtīt (past plural second-person)
neigēn (plural present third-person)
neigtīn (past plural third-person)
neigi (present singular)
neiget (plural present)
neigenti (present)
gineigt (past)

Middle High German: neigen

German: neigen

From Proto-West Germanic *hnaigijan, from Proto-Germanic *hnaigijaną.


dritto

desc

Middle High German: dritte, drite, tritte

German: dritte

Yiddish: דריט (drit)


itis

itis (nominative singular)
itisi (nominative plural)
itis (accusative singular)
itisi (accusative plural)
itisi (genitive singular)
itiso (genitive plural)
itisi (dative singular)
itisim (dative plural)
itisen (dative plural)
idis (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *idisi, from Proto-Germanic *idisiz. Cognate to Old English ides, Old Saxon idis, Old Norse dís.

Eiris sazun idisi / sazun hera duoder;
suma hapt heptidun / suma heri lezidun,
suma clubodun / umbi cuoniouuidi:

Once sat women,
They sat here, then there.
Some fastened bonds,
Some impeded an army,
Some unraveled fetters:
Escape the bonds,
flee the enemy!


tuon

desctree

Middle High German: tuon, tûn, tôn, duon, dûn, dôn, tœn, tain, tuogen, tuomen, thoenen
Alemannic German: tue, due, tuä
Swabian: dua, doa
Bavarian: doa
Cimbrian: tüan, tüunan (Sette Comuni)
Northern Bavarian: [d̥o͡u]
Viennese: tuan
Central Franconian: donn, don (northern Moselle Franconian, some Ripuarian dialects), dun (southern Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: dun
Kölsch: dunn
Luxembourgish: doen
German: tun
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurterisch: [d̥ũː]
Pennsylvania German: duh
Yiddish: טאָן (ton)

From Proto-West Germanic *dōn, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, akin to Old Saxon dōn, doan, duan, duon, Old Dutch duon, Old Frisian dūa, duā, dwā, Old English dōn. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-.


hulda

hulda (nominative singular)
huldā (nominative plural)
hulda (accusative singular)
huldā (accusative plural)
hulda (genitive singular)
huldōno (genitive plural)
huldu (dative singular)
huldōm (dative plural)
holda (alternative)

German: Holle

Likely from Proto-Germanic *hulþǭ which is a feminine form of *hulþô (“trustee, friend”), from the adjective *hulþaz (“favorable, inclined”).


zami

second-person singular past indicative of zëman

first/third-person singular past subjunctive of zëman


smid

smid (nominative singular)
smidā (nominative plural)
smida (nominative plural)
smid (accusative singular)
smidā (accusative plural)
smida (accusative plural)
smides (genitive singular)
smido (genitive plural)
smide (dative singular)
smidum (dative plural)
smidu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: smit

Alemannic German: Schmid

Italian Walser: schméd, schmét, schmid, schmìd

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: smit, smitt (Luserna)

Mòcheno: schmi'

Udinese: schmidt, schmit, sghmiid

German: Schmied

Hunsrik: Schmitt

Luxembourgish: Schmadd

Vilamovian: śmejt

Yiddish: שמיד (shmid)


enti

Middle High German: ende

Alemannic German: Endi, End

Central Franconian: Enk

Hunsrik: Enn

Luxembourgish: Enn

Cimbrian: énte

German: Ende

Rhine Franconian: End, Enn, Enne, Inn

Frankfurterisch: [ent]; [en] (older)

Pennsylvania German: End

Vilamovian: end

From Proto-West Germanic *andī, from Proto-Germanic *andijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entíos.


enti

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


riti

second-person singular past indicative of rītan

first/third-person singular past subjunctive of rītan


ertag

Unknown. Not to be confused with *ariotag.


ferah

ferah (nominative singular)
ferahā (nominative plural)
feraha (nominative plural)
ferah (accusative singular)
ferahā (accusative plural)
feraha (accusative plural)
ferahes (genitive singular)
feraho (genitive plural)
ferahe (dative singular)
ferahum (dative plural)
ferahu (instrumental singular)
ferah (nominative singular)
ferah (nominative plural)
ferah (accusative singular)
ferah (accusative plural)
ferahes (genitive singular)
feraho (genitive plural)
ferahe (dative singular)
ferahum (dative plural)
ferahu (instrumental singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *ferh, from Proto-Germanic *ferhuz.

hıltıbrant gımahalta herıbranteſ ſunu her uuaſ heroro man
feraheſ frotoro • her fragen gıſtuont
fohem uuortum • ƿer ſin fater ƿarı[…]

Hildebrand spoke, Heribrand's son—he was a hoarier man, wiser of life;—he posed his question with few words, who his [Hadubrand's] father might be […]


heffen

heffan (infinitive)
heffu (first-person present singular)
heffo (first-person present singular)
huob (first-person past singular)
heffis (present second-person singular)
heffist (present second-person singular)
huobi (past second-person singular)
heffit (present singular third-person)
huob (past singular third-person)
heffem (first-person plural present)
heffemēs (first-person plural present)
huobum (first-person past plural)
huobumēs (first-person past plural)
heffet (plural present second-person)
huobut (past plural second-person)
heffant (plural present third-person)
huobun (past plural third-person)
heffe (first-person present singular)
huobi (first-person past singular)
heffēs (present second-person singular)
heffēst (present second-person singular)
huobīs (past second-person singular)
huobīst (past second-person singular)
heffe (present singular third-person)
huobi (past singular third-person)
heffēm (first-person plural present)
huobīm (first-person past plural)
huobīmēs (first-person past plural)
heffēt (plural present second-person)
huobīt (past plural second-person)
heffēn (plural present third-person)
huobīn (past plural third-person)
heff (present singular)
heffet (plural present)
heffanti (present)
gihaban (past)
hevan (alternative)
heven (alternative)

Middle High German: heben, heven

Cimbrian: höoban

German: heben

Luxembourgish: hiewen

From Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti.


zamis

second-person singular preterite subjunctive of zëman


munan

munan (infinitive)
manu (first-person present singular)
mano (first-person present singular)
mun (first-person past singular)
manis (present second-person singular)
manist (present second-person singular)
muni (past second-person singular)
manit (present singular third-person)
mun (past singular third-person)
munem (first-person plural present)
munemēs (first-person plural present)
munum (first-person past plural)
munumēs (first-person past plural)
munet (plural present second-person)
munut (past plural second-person)
munant (plural present third-person)
munun (past plural third-person)
mune (first-person present singular)
muni (first-person past singular)
munēs (present second-person singular)
munēst (present second-person singular)
munīs (past second-person singular)
munīst (past second-person singular)
mune (present singular third-person)
muni (past singular third-person)
munēm (first-person plural present)
munīm (first-person past plural)
munīmēs (first-person past plural)
munēt (plural present second-person)
munīt (past plural second-person)
munēn (plural present third-person)
munīn (past plural third-person)
man (present singular)
munet (plural present)
munanti (present)
mun (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *munan, from Proto-Germanic *munaną, related to Old English munan, Old Norse muna.


namut

second-person plural preterite indicative of nëman


zahar

Middle High German: zahar, zeher

Central Middle High German: zār ⇒ zære pl

German: Zähre sg

→ Italian: zacchera

→ Middle Low German: zâhē, zaahe

tear (drop of clear salty liquid from the eyes)


sunta

Middle High German: sunde, sünde

German: Sünde

Hunsrik: Sind

Luxembourgish: Sënn, Sënd

Vilamovian: zynd

Yiddish: זינד (zind)

From Proto-Germanic *sundijō, whence also Old Saxon sundia, Old Dutch sunda, Old Norse synd. The word may derive, ultimately, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”) through a *sent-, *sont-. Latin also has an old present participle of sum in the word sōns, sont- (“guilty”).


skina

Middle High German: schine, schin

Alemannic German: Schine

desctree

German: Schiene
→ Hungarian: sín
→ Macedonian: шина (šina)
→ Polish: szyna
→ Romanian: șină
→ Russian: шина (šina)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шина
Latin script: šina

Luxembourgish: Schinn

From Proto-West Germanic *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō.

scina (alternative)
scena (alternative)
*skinko (alternative)


habes

second-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of habēn


zella

zella (nominative singular)
zellā (nominative plural)
zella (accusative singular)
zellā (accusative plural)
zella (genitive singular)
zellōno (genitive plural)
zellu (dative singular)
zellōm (dative plural)

Middle High German: zelle, celle
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Zell
Luxembourgish: Zell
German: Zelle, Celle (obsolete)
→ Polish: cela

Borrowed from Latin cella, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-.


gart

From Proto-West Germanic *gard, from Proto-Germanic *gardaz.


barun

third-person plural preterite indicative of bëran


barit

second-person plural preterite subjunctive of bëran


Ingo

Ingo (nominative singular)
Ingon (nominative plural)
Ingun (nominative plural)
Ingon (accusative singular)
Ingun (accusative singular)
Ingon (accusative plural)
Ingun (accusative plural)
Ingen (genitive singular)
Ingin (genitive singular)
Ingōno (genitive plural)
Ingen (dative singular)
Ingin (dative singular)
Ingōm (dative plural)
Ingōn (dative plural)


asco

asco (nominative singular)
ascon (nominative plural)
ascun (nominative plural)
ascon (accusative singular)
ascun (accusative singular)
ascon (accusative plural)
ascun (accusative plural)
ascen (genitive singular)
ascin (genitive singular)
ascōno (genitive plural)
ascen (dative singular)
ascin (dative singular)
ascōm (dative plural)
ascōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: asche, esche

German: Äsche f

→ Italian: lasca f


namit

second-person plural preterite subjunctive of nëman


strak

Middle High German: strac

German: strack

→ Italian: stracco


spek

Middle High German: spëc

German: Speck

Luxembourgish: Speck

Yiddish: שפּעק (shpek)

from Proto-West Germanic *spik, from Proto-Germanic *spiką.


strozza

Middle High German: strozze

German: Strosse

→ Italian: strozza

From Proto-Germanic *strutō (compare Dutch strot (“gorge”)), a by-form of *þrutō (whence English throat).


iz

desctree

Middle High German: ëȥ
Alemannic German: es
Bavarian: es
Cimbrian: es, 'z (Luserna), is, 's
Mòcheno: s
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: es
German: es
Luxembourgish: et
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: es
Yiddish: עס (es)


iz

second-person singular present imperative of ëȥȥan


neman

nëman (canonical)
nëman (infinitive)
nimu (first-person present singular)
nimo (first-person present singular)
nam (first-person past singular)
nimis (present second-person singular)
nimist (present second-person singular)
nāmi (past second-person singular)
nimit (present singular third-person)
nam (past singular third-person)
nëmem (first-person plural present)
nëmemēs (first-person plural present)
nāmum (first-person past plural)
nāmumēs (first-person past plural)
nëmet (plural present second-person)
nāmut (past plural second-person)
nëmant (plural present third-person)
nāmun (past plural third-person)
nëme (first-person present singular)
nāmi (first-person past singular)
nëmēs (present second-person singular)
nëmēst (present second-person singular)
nāmīs (past second-person singular)
nāmīst (past second-person singular)
nëme (present singular third-person)
nāmi (past singular third-person)
nëmēm (first-person plural present)
nāmīm (first-person past plural)
nāmīmēs (first-person past plural)
nëmēt (plural present second-person)
nāmīt (past plural second-person)
nëmēn (plural present third-person)
nāmīn (past plural third-person)
nim (present singular)
nëmet (plural present)
nëmanti (present)
ginoman (past)

Middle High German: nëmen

Alemannic German: nää, nee, nèè, nä, në

Central Franconian: nemme

Hunsrik: nemme

Cimbrian: nemmen

German: nehmen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: nemme

Vilamovian: naoma

Yiddish: נעמען (nemen)


sniti

second-person singular past indicative of snīdan

first/third-person singular past subjunctive of snīdan


wisen

wīsen (canonical)
wīsen (infinitive)
wīsu (first-person present singular)
wīsta (first-person past singular)
wīsis (present second-person singular)
wīsist (present second-person singular)
wīstōs (past second-person singular)
wīstōst (past second-person singular)
wīsit (present singular third-person)
wīsta (past singular third-person)
wīsem (first-person plural present)
wīsemēs (first-person plural present)
wīstum (first-person past plural)
wīstumēs (first-person past plural)
wīset (plural present second-person)
wīstut (past plural second-person)
wīsent (plural present third-person)
wīstun (past plural third-person)
wīse (first-person present singular)
wīsti (first-person past singular)
wīsēs (present second-person singular)
wīsēst (present second-person singular)
wīstīs (past second-person singular)
wīstīst (past second-person singular)
wīse (present singular third-person)
wīsti (past singular third-person)
wīsēm (first-person plural present)
wīsēn (first-person plural present)
wīstīm (first-person past plural)
wīstīn (first-person past plural)
wīstīmēs (first-person past plural)
wīsēt (plural present second-person)
wīstīt (past plural second-person)
wīsēn (plural present third-person)
wīstīn (past plural third-person)
wīsi (present singular)
wīset (plural present)
wīsenti (present)
giwīst (past)

Middle High German: wīsen

German: weisen

Luxembourgish: weisen

Yiddish: ווײַזן (vayzn)

From Proto-West Germanic *wīsijan, from Proto-Germanic *wīsijaną (“to make wise”).


biru

first-person singular present indicative of bëran


kuning

kuninga (plural)
kuning (nominative singular)
kuningā (nominative plural)
kuninga (nominative plural)
kuning (accusative singular)
kuningā (accusative plural)
kuninga (accusative plural)
kuninges (genitive singular)
kuningo (genitive plural)
kuninge (dative singular)
kuningum (dative plural)
kuningu (instrumental singular)
cuning (alternative)
chuninc (alternative)
chuning (alternative)

Middle High German: künic, künec

Alemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig

Bavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng

desc

Central Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik

Cimbrian: khuuneg

German: König

Luxembourgish: Kinnek

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Keenich

Vilamovian: kyng

Yiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)

From Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.


namin

third-person plural preterite subjunctive of nëman


namun

third-person plural preterite indicative of nëman


rih

second-person singular present imperative of rëhhan


spranga

→ Italian: spranga


kalk

kalk (nominative singular)
kalkā (nominative plural)
kalka (nominative plural)
kalk (accusative singular)
kalkā (accusative plural)
kalka (accusative plural)
kalkes (genitive singular)
kalko (genitive plural)
kalke (dative singular)
kalkum (dative plural)
kalku (instrumental singular)
calc (alternative)
calch (alternative)
calck (alternative)
chalc (alternative)
chalch (alternative)
chalh (alternative)
kalck (alternative)

Middle High German: kalc

Alemannic German: Chalch

Bavarian: Koich

Cimbrian: khalch

Hianzisch: Koli

Tyrol Bavarian: Kchoich

Central Franconian: Kallek, Kallik

Hunsrik: Kallik

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: Kallich

Silesian: Koilk

Vilamovian: kiöelk

East Franconian: Kallich, Kollich

German: Kalk

Luxembourgish: Kallek

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Kalch, Kalsch

Palatine German: Kalk, Kalik

Pennsylvania German: Kallick, Kalk

Yiddish: קאַלכ (kalkh)

lime (inorganic material containing calcium)


bart

Middle High German: bart

Alemannic German: Baart

Bavarian: Bårt

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Baart

Luxembourgish: Baart

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: biöet, biöt

East Franconian:

German: Bart

→ Norwegian: bart

Rhine Franconian: Bat, Bart

Frankfurterisch: [b̥ɑːt], (older) [b̥ɔːt]

Pennsylvania German: Baart

Yiddish: באָרד (bord)

From Proto-West Germanic *bard, from Proto-Germanic *bardaz (whence also Old English beard, Old Norse barð), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂. Other cognates include Proto-Slavic *borda, Latin barba.


igil

German: Igel

From Proto-West Germanic *igil. Cognate with Russian ёж (jož), Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos), Old English igil.


muoter

desctree

Middle High German: muoter
Alemannic German: Mueter, Muetter, Mueder
Swabian: Muadr, Mudder, Muddr, Muadar, Muddar
Walser: muater, möter
Bavarian: muatar, Muada, mueter, muiter
Cimbrian: muatar, muutar (Sette Comuni)
Central Franconian: Modder, Motter (most of Central Franconian, changed from the dialectical form under influence from German)
Hunsrik: Mutter
Luxembourgish: Mudder
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Muddor
Vilamovian: mütter
East Franconian: Motter
German: Mutter, Mueter, Muetter, Muoter, Muotter, Muter
→ Central Franconian: Motter
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: muttern
Rhine Franconian: Modder, Mudder, Morrer, Murrer
Frankfurterisch: [mud̥æ̆]
Pennsylvania German: Mudder
Yiddish: מוטער (muter)

From Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.
Compare Old Saxon mōdar, Old Dutch muoder, Old Frisian mōder, Old English mōdor, Old Norse móðir.


swester

desc

Middle High German: swëster, suster, süster

Alemannic German: Schwöschter

Italian Walser: schweschter

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: sbestar, sbéstar, sbeistar

Mòcheno: schbester

Udinese: schbeschter, schbeister, sghbeistar

Central Franconian: Sester, Söster (obsolete)

German: Schwester

→ Central Franconian: Schwester

→ Luxembourgish: Schwëster

Hunsrik: Schwesder

Luxembourgish: Sëschter (archaic)

Pennsylvania German: Schweschder

Vilamovian: syster

Yiddish: שוועסטער (shvester)

From Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Compare Old Saxon swestar, Old Frisian swester, Old English sweoster, Old Norse systir.


liuti

liutī (canonical masculine plural)
liudī (alternative Northern)

Middle High German: liute

Alemannic German: Lüüte

Bavarian: Leit

Central Franconian: Löck, Lück (Kölsch, northernmost Ripuarian), Lüü (western Ripuarian), Lie (Siegerland), Leit (other Moselle Franconian)

German: Leute pl

Hunsrik: Leit

Luxembourgish: Leit

Vilamovian: łaojt

Yiddish: לײַט (layt)

From Proto-West Germanic *liud(i), from Proto-Germanic *liudiz.


raspon

Middle High German: raspen

German: raspen

Italian: raspare

Walloon rasse, raspaedje

From Proto-West Germanic *hraspōn, from Proto-Germanic *hraspōną, derivative of Proto-Germanic *hrespaną (“to tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ- (“to turn; bend; shrink”).


herza

hërza (canonical neuter)
hërza (nominative singular)
hërzun (nominative plural)
hërza (accusative singular)
hërzun (accusative plural)
hërzen (genitive singular)
hërzin (genitive singular)
hërzōno (genitive plural)
hërzen (dative singular)
hërzin (dative singular)
hërzōm (dative plural)
hërzōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: hërze

Alemannic German: Härz

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hèrtz, hèertze (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: hèrz

desc

Central Franconian: Hätz, Hetz (variant spelling), Hatz (Ripuarian), Herz (Ripuarian variant), Hearz (Moselle Franconian variant), Häerz

Hunsrik: Herz

German: Herz

Luxembourgish: Häerz

Silesian East Central German: Herze / Härze (Breslauisch) / Harze n

⇒ Silesian East Central German: / harzlich

Vilamovian: haoc

Yiddish: האַרץ (harts)

From Proto-West Germanic *hertā.
Cognate with Old Saxon herta (Low German Hart), Old Dutch herta (Dutch hart), Old Frisian herte, Old English heorte (English heart), Old Norse hjarta (Swedish hjärta), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairtō). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía), Latin cor, Old Irish cride, Russian се́рдце (sérdce), Lithuanian širdis.


hagan

Middle High German: hagen

German: Hain

From Proto-West Germanic *hagō, from Proto-Germanic *haga(n)-, *hagô (“pasture, enclosure”).


pizzan

tlb

(early, Upper German, Alemannic, Bavarian)


ehaft

Compound of ē-, short for ēwa, and haft.


ofan

ofan (nominative singular)
ofanā (nominative plural)
ofana (nominative plural)
ofan (accusative singular)
ofanā (accusative plural)
ofana (accusative plural)
ofanes (genitive singular)
ofano (genitive plural)
ofane (dative singular)
ofanum (dative plural)
ofanu (instrumental singular)
ovan (alternative)

desctree

Middle High German: oven, ofen
Central Franconian: Ovve, Owe, Oawe, Uawe (Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Ove
Luxembourgish: Uewen
Transylvanian Saxon: Owen, Îewen
German: Ofen
Vilamovian: uwa
Yiddish: אויוון (oyvn)

From Proto-West Germanic *ofn, from Proto-Germanic *uhnaz.


tohter

desctree

Middle High German: tohter
Alemannic German: Tochter
Italian Walser: techter, töchter, tachter
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: tochtar, toustar, tochtar
Mòcheno: tochter
Udinese: tochter, touchter, toachtar
Central Franconian:
Kölsch: Dochter
German: Tochter
Luxembourgish: Duechter
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Dochder
Vilamovian: tohter
Yiddish: טאָכטער (tokhter)
→ Piedmontese: tota

From Proto-West Germanic *dohter. Compare Old Saxon dohtar, Old English dohtor, Old Norse dóttir.


sinnan

sinnan (infinitive)
sinnu (first-person present singular)
sinno (first-person present singular)
san (first-person past singular)
sinnis (present second-person singular)
sinnist (present second-person singular)
sunni (past second-person singular)
sinnit (present singular third-person)
san (past singular third-person)
sinnem (first-person plural present)
sinnemēs (first-person plural present)
sunnum (first-person past plural)
sunnumēs (first-person past plural)
sinnet (plural present second-person)
sunnut (past plural second-person)
sinnant (plural present third-person)
sunnun (past plural third-person)
sinne (first-person present singular)
sunni (first-person past singular)
sinnēs (present second-person singular)
sinnēst (present second-person singular)
sunnīs (past second-person singular)
sunnīst (past second-person singular)
sinne (present singular third-person)
sunni (past singular third-person)
sinnēm (first-person plural present)
sunnīm (first-person past plural)
sunnīmēs (first-person past plural)
sinnēt (plural present second-person)
sunnīt (past plural second-person)
sinnēn (plural present third-person)
sunnīn (past plural third-person)
sin (present singular)
sinnet (plural present)
sinnanti (present)
gisunnan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *sinnan (“to journey, spend time, sojourn”).


metod

mëtod (canonical masculine)
mëtod (nominative singular)
mëtodā (nominative plural)
mëtoda (nominative plural)
mëtod (accusative singular)
mëtodā (accusative plural)
mëtoda (accusative plural)
mëtodes (genitive singular)
mëtodo (genitive plural)
mëtode (dative singular)
mëtodum (dative plural)
mëtodu (instrumental singular)
mezzōt (alternative)


stiga

Middle High German: stīge

German: Steige

→ Italian: stia

From Proto-Germanic *stiją, probably related to the verb *stīganą (“to climb”). Cognate with English sty.


Nanna

From Old Norse Nanna, with Norse levelling of -nþ- to -nn- from Proto-Germanic *nanþō (“brave, daring”), related to *ninþaną (“to dare”).


zittaron

zittarōn (canonical)
zittarōn (infinitive)
zittarōm (first-person present singular)
zittarōn (first-person present singular)
zittarōta (first-person past singular)
zittarōs (present second-person singular)
zittarōst (present second-person singular)
zittarōtōs (past second-person singular)
zittarōtōst (past second-person singular)
zittarōt (present singular third-person)
zittarōta (past singular third-person)
zittarōm (first-person plural present)
zittarōmēs (first-person plural present)
zittarōtum (first-person past plural)
zittarōtumēs (first-person past plural)
zittarōt (plural present second-person)
zittarōtut (past plural second-person)
zittarōnt (plural present third-person)
zittarōtun (past plural third-person)
zittaro (first-person present singular)
zittarōti (first-person past singular)
zittarōtīs (past second-person singular)
zittaro (present singular third-person)
zittarōti (past singular third-person)
zittarōtīm (first-person past plural)
zittarōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
zittarōtīt (past plural second-person)
zittarōn (plural present third-person)
zittarōtīn (past plural third-person)
zittaro (present singular)
zittarōt (plural present)
zittarōnti (present)
gizittarōt (past)

Middle High German: zitern, zittern

German: zittern

→ Middle Dutch: tzitteren [15th c.]

Dutch: sidderen

Afrikaans: sidder

desc

→ Middle Low German: sēteren, setteren, z-

From Proto-Germanic *titrōną, whence also Old Norse titra.


nemes

second-person singular present subjunctive of nëman


strit

strīt (canonical masculine)
strīt (nominative singular)
strītā (nominative plural)
strīta (nominative plural)
strīt (accusative singular)
strītā (accusative plural)
strīta (accusative plural)
strītes (genitive singular)
strīto (genitive plural)
strīte (dative singular)
strītum (dative plural)
strītu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: strīt

German: Streit

From Proto-West Germanic *strīd, from Proto-Germanic *strīdaz.


farro

farro (nominative singular)
farron (nominative plural)
farrun (nominative plural)
farron (accusative singular)
farrun (accusative singular)
farron (accusative plural)
farrun (accusative plural)
farren (genitive singular)
farrin (genitive singular)
farrōno (genitive plural)
farren (dative singular)
farrin (dative singular)
farrōm (dative plural)
farrōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: pharre, varre

German: Farre

From Proto-West Germanic *farʀō, from Proto-Germanic *farzô.


hant

hant (nominative singular)
hanti (nominative plural)
hant (accusative singular)
hanti (accusative plural)
hanti (genitive singular)
hanto (genitive plural)
hanteo (genitive plural)
hantio (genitive plural)
hanti (dative singular)
hantum (dative plural)
hantun (dative plural)
hanton (dative plural)
hanti (instrumental singular)
hantum (instrumental plural)
hantun (instrumental plural)
hanton (instrumental plural)

Middle High German: hant

Bavarian: Hånd

Cimbrian: hant

Mòcheno: hònt

German: Hand

Hunsrik: Hand

Luxembourgish: Hand

Vilamovian: haond

Yiddish: האַנט (hant)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *handu, whence also Old English hand, Old Norse hǫnd, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (handus).


lant

lant (nominative singular)
lant (nominative plural)
lant (accusative singular)
lant (accusative plural)
lantes (genitive singular)
lanto (genitive plural)
lante (dative singular)
lantum (dative plural)
lantu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: lant
Alemannic German: Land, Lånd
Swabian: Lahnd
Bavarian: Lånd
Cimbrian: lant, lånt (Luserna)
Central Franconian: Land, Lannt
Hunsrik: Land
Luxembourgish: Land
German: Land (see there for further descendants)
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Lond
Pennsylvania German: Land, Lond
Vilamovian: łaond
Yiddish: לאַנד (land)

From Proto-West Germanic *land.
Compare Old Saxon land, Old Frisian land, lond, Old Dutch lant, Old English land, lond, Old Norse land, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 (land).


tragan

tragan (infinitive)
tragu (first-person present singular)
trago (first-person present singular)
truog (first-person past singular)
tragis (present second-person singular)
tragist (present second-person singular)
truogi (past second-person singular)
tragit (present singular third-person)
truog (past singular third-person)
tragem (first-person plural present)
tragemēs (first-person plural present)
truogum (first-person past plural)
truogumēs (first-person past plural)
traget (plural present second-person)
truogut (past plural second-person)
tragant (plural present third-person)
truogun (past plural third-person)
trage (first-person present singular)
truogi (first-person past singular)
tragēs (present second-person singular)
tragēst (present second-person singular)
truogīs (past second-person singular)
truogīst (past second-person singular)
trage (present singular third-person)
truogi (past singular third-person)
tragēm (first-person plural present)
truogīm (first-person past plural)
truogīmēs (first-person past plural)
tragēt (plural present second-person)
truogīt (past plural second-person)
tragēn (plural present third-person)
truogīn (past plural third-person)
trag (present singular)
traget (plural present)
traganti (present)
gitragan (past)

Middle High German: tragen

Alemannic German: trage, traga, traa

Bavarian: drong, drång

Central Franconian: drage, draan, droon

Luxembourgish: droen

German: tragen

Yiddish: טראָגן (trogn)


lazan

lāȥan (canonical)
lāȥan (infinitive)
lāȥu (first-person present singular)
lāȥo (first-person present singular)
liaȥ (first-person past singular)
lāȥis (present second-person singular)
lāȥist (present second-person singular)
liaȥi (past second-person singular)
lāȥit (present singular third-person)
liaȥ (past singular third-person)
lāȥem (first-person plural present)
lāȥemēs (first-person plural present)
liaȥum (first-person past plural)
liaȥumēs (first-person past plural)
lāȥet (plural present second-person)
liaȥut (past plural second-person)
lāȥant (plural present third-person)
liaȥun (past plural third-person)
lāȥe (first-person present singular)
liaȥi (first-person past singular)
lāȥēs (present second-person singular)
lāȥēst (present second-person singular)
liaȥīs (past second-person singular)
liaȥīst (past second-person singular)
lāȥe (present singular third-person)
liaȥi (past singular third-person)
lāȥēm (first-person plural present)
liaȥīm (first-person past plural)
liaȥīmēs (first-person past plural)
lāȥēt (plural present second-person)
liaȥīt (past plural second-person)
lāȥēn (plural present third-person)
liaȥīn (past plural third-person)
lāȥ (present singular)
lāȥet (plural present)
lāȥanti (present)
gilāȥan (past)
lāȥȥan (alternative)

Middle High German: lāȥen, lān

desc

Alemannic German: laa, la, loo, lo, lou, lah

Swabian: lau, lassa

Bavarian: låssn

Central Franconian: loße, losse (southernmost Moselle Franconian; few dialects of Ripuarian, including Kölsch)

Hunsrik: losse

East Central German: lossn

German: lassen

Luxembourgish: loossen

Yiddish: לאָזן (lozn)

desctree

→ Old French: laissier, laiser, laisier, laisser, lesser, lessier (in part)
Middle French: laisser, laissier
French: laisser
→ Breton: lezel
Norman: laîssi
Picard: laissier
→ Middle English: *lesen
English: lease, leese (Scotland)
→ Dutch: leasen
⇒ English: leasing
→ Spanish: leasing
→ Finnish: leasing
→ Polish: leasing
→ Swedish: leasing
Scots: lease
→ Middle Irish: léas
Irish: léas

From Proto-West Germanic *lātan (“to let, allow”). Cognate with Old English lǣtan, Old Norse láta.


masca

Middle High German: masche

German: Masche

Luxembourgish: Masch

From Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”).

maska (alternative)
māska (alternative)
māsca (alternative)


beren

third-person plural present subjunctive of bëran


scolla

Middle High German: scholle, zolle

Alemannic German: Tscholle

German: Scholle

→ Italian: zolla

Cognate with Middle Dutch scholle, Middle Low German scholle, schulle, eventually from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).

scollo (alternative)
zolla (alternative)


Elba

Middle High German: Elbe

German: Elbe

From Proto-West Germanic *albī, from Proto-Germanic *albī (“river, Elbe”), attested in Latin as Albis. Compare Old Norse elfr, Swedish älv.

Elbe (a major river in central Europe that passes through the Czech Republic and Germany before flowing into the North Sea)


fogat

fogat (nominative singular)
fogatā (nominative plural)
fogata (nominative plural)
fogat (accusative singular)
fogatā (accusative plural)
fogata (accusative plural)
fogates (genitive singular)
fogato (genitive plural)
fogate (dative singular)
fogatum (dative plural)
fogatu (instrumental singular)
fogāt (alternative)

Middle High German: voget

German: Vogt

From Late Latin vocātus. Compare Dutch voogd.


meio

meio (nominative singular)
meion (nominative plural)
meiun (nominative plural)
meion (accusative singular)
meiun (accusative singular)
meion (accusative plural)
meiun (accusative plural)
meien (genitive singular)
meiin (genitive singular)
meiōno (genitive plural)
meien (dative singular)
meiin (dative singular)
meiōm (dative plural)
meiōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: meie, meige
Alemannic German: Mai
Bavarian: Moa
Cimbrian: moajo
Mòcheno: moi
German: Mai
→ Hunsrik: Maai
Kölsch: Meij
Luxembourgish: Mee
Pennsylvania German: Moin
Vilamovian: maj
Yiddish: מײַ (may)


drengen

drengen (infinitive)
drengu (first-person present singular)
drengita (first-person past singular)
drengis (present second-person singular)
drengist (present second-person singular)
drengitōs (past second-person singular)
drengtōst (past second-person singular)
drengit (present singular third-person)
drengita (past singular third-person)
drengem (first-person plural present)
drengemēs (first-person plural present)
drengitum (first-person past plural)
drengitumēs (first-person past plural)
drenget (plural present second-person)
drengitut (past plural second-person)
drengent (plural present third-person)
drengitun (past plural third-person)
drenge (first-person present singular)
drengiti (first-person past singular)
drengēs (present second-person singular)
drengēst (present second-person singular)
drengitīs (past second-person singular)
drengitīst (past second-person singular)
drenge (present singular third-person)
drengiti (past singular third-person)
drengēm (first-person plural present)
drengēn (first-person plural present)
drengitīm (first-person past plural)
drengitīn (first-person past plural)
drengitīmēs (first-person past plural)
drengēt (plural present second-person)
drengitīt (past plural second-person)
drengēn (plural present third-person)
drengitīn (past plural third-person)
drengi (present singular)
drenget (plural present)
drengenti (present)
gidrengit (past)

Middle High German: drengen

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">drangen</i>

German: drängen (merged with drangen)

From Proto-West Germanic *þrangwijan, from Proto-Germanic *þrangwijaną. Causative of dringan.
Cognates include Old Dutch *threngen, Old Saxon *threngian, Old English *þrengan, Old Norse þrøngva.


flek

flek (nominative singular)
flekā (nominative plural)
fleka (nominative plural)
flek (accusative singular)
flekā (accusative plural)
fleka (accusative plural)
flekes (genitive singular)
fleko (genitive plural)
fleke (dative singular)
flekum (dative plural)
fleku (instrumental singular)
flec (alternative)

Middle High German: vlëc

German: Fleck

Yiddish: פֿלעק (flek)