sigu

sigu (nominative singular)
sigui (nominative plural)
sigu (accusative singular)
sigui (accusative plural)
sigues (genitive singular)
siguo (genitive plural)
sigue (dative singular)
siguim (dative plural)
siguen (dative plural)
siguu (instrumental singular)
sigo (alternative)
sigi (alternative)

Middle High German: sige

German: Sieg

Hunsrik: Siegh

From Proto-West Germanic *sigʀ, from Proto-Germanic *segaz. Compare Old Saxon sigi, Old English siġe, sigor, Old Norse sigr, Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 (sigis).


slango

slango (nominative singular)
slangon (nominative plural)
slangun (nominative plural)
slangon (accusative singular)
slangun (accusative singular)
slangon (accusative plural)
slangun (accusative plural)
slangen (genitive singular)
slangin (genitive singular)
slangōno (genitive plural)
slangen (dative singular)
slangin (dative singular)
slangōm (dative plural)
slangōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: slange
German: Schlange (see there for further descendants)
Central Franconian: Schlang
Hunsrik: Schlang
Luxembourgish: Schlaang
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Schlang
Yiddish: שלאַנג (shlang)
→ English: schlong


slito

slito (nominative singular)
sliton (nominative plural)
slitun (nominative plural)
sliton (accusative singular)
slitun (accusative singular)
sliton (accusative plural)
slitun (accusative plural)
sliten (genitive singular)
slitin (genitive singular)
slitōno (genitive plural)
sliten (dative singular)
slitin (dative singular)
slitōm (dative plural)
slitōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: slite

German: Schlitten

Luxembourgish: Schlitt

→ Italian: slitta


smero

Middle High German: smër

Alemannic German: Schmër

German: Schmer

→ Polish: smar

→ Carpathian Rusyn: смар (smar)

→ Slovak: cmar

From Proto-West Germanic *smeru, from Proto-Germanic *smerwą, from Proto-Indo-European *smérus.
Cognate with Old English smeoru, Old Norse smjǫr, Gothic 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂 (smairþr), also Old Irish smiur (“marrow”), Tocharian B ṣmare.


sneo

Middle High German: snē

Alemannic German: Schnee

Swabian: Schnéa, Schnéé

Italian Walser: schnee, schnei, schnia, schné, schnìj

desc

Bavarian: Schnää, Schnèj, schnea, sghneab

Cimbrian: snea, snèa

Mòcheno: schnea

Central Franconian: Schnie

Hunsrik: Schnee

German: Schnee

Luxembourgish: Schnéi

Rhine Franconian: Schnäi, Schnee, Schnei, Schnie

Pennsylvania German: Schnee

Vilamovian: śnej

Yiddish: שניי (shney)

From Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz.


snecco

snecco (nominative singular)
sneccon (nominative plural)
sneccun (nominative plural)
sneccon (accusative singular)
sneccun (accusative singular)
sneccon (accusative plural)
sneccun (accusative plural)
sneccen (genitive singular)
sneccin (genitive singular)
sneccōno (genitive plural)
sneccen (dative singular)
sneccin (dative singular)
sneccōm (dative plural)
sneccōn (dative plural)
sneggo (alternative)

Middle High German: snëgge, snëcke

Alemannic German: Schnägg

German: Schnecke

→ Dutch: snek

→ Swedish: snäcka

Yiddish: שנעק (shnek)

From Proto-Germanic *sneggô. Akin to Old English *snecga.


scolan

From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, akin to Old English sculan, Old Norse skulu.


saumari

Borrowed from Late Latin sagmarium or saumarium, from Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma, “packsaddle”). Compare Italian somaro.


sporo

sporo (nominative singular)
sporon (nominative plural)
sporun (nominative plural)
sporon (accusative singular)
sporun (accusative singular)
sporon (accusative plural)
sporun (accusative plural)
sporen (genitive singular)
sporin (genitive singular)
sporōno (genitive plural)
sporen (dative singular)
sporin (dative singular)
sporōm (dative plural)
sporōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: spore

German: Sporn

From Proto-Germanic *spurô, whence also Old English spora, Old Norse spori.


sprozzo

sprozzo (nominative singular)
sprozzon (nominative plural)
sprozzun (nominative plural)
sprozzon (accusative singular)
sprozzun (accusative singular)
sprozzon (accusative plural)
sprozzun (accusative plural)
sprozzen (genitive singular)
sprozzin (genitive singular)
sprozzōno (genitive plural)
sprozzen (dative singular)
sprozzin (dative singular)
sprozzōm (dative plural)
sprozzōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: sprozze, sprosse

German: Sprosse

Limburgish: Sprass


spuolo

spuolo (nominative singular)
spuolon (nominative plural)
spuolun (nominative plural)
spuolon (accusative singular)
spuolun (accusative singular)
spuolon (accusative plural)
spuolun (accusative plural)
spuolen (genitive singular)
spuolin (genitive singular)
spuolōno (genitive plural)
spuolen (dative singular)
spuolin (dative singular)
spuolōm (dative plural)
spuolōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: spuole (or from feminine spuola)

desctree

German: Spule, Spul, Spuel (obsolete)
→ Polish: szpula

Luxembourgish: Spull

Yiddish: שפּול (shpul)

From Proto-West Germanic *spōlō, from Proto-Germanic *spōlô, by-form of *spōlǭ, whence spuola.


stecko

stecko (nominative singular)
steckon (nominative plural)
steckun (nominative plural)
steckon (accusative singular)
steckun (accusative singular)
steckon (accusative plural)
steckun (accusative plural)
stecken (genitive singular)
steckin (genitive singular)
steckōno (genitive plural)
stecken (dative singular)
steckin (dative singular)
steckōm (dative plural)
steckōn (dative plural)
steccho (alternative)

Middle High German: stecke, steche

Alemannic German: Steche

Swabian: Schdägga

desc

Bavarian: Schdagga, Schdägn, Stacka, Steckn

German: Stecken

Pennsylvania German: Schtecke

Rhine Franconian: Stecke

Yiddish: שטעקן (shtekn)

From Proto-West Germanic *stekkō, *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”), whence also Old English sticca.


stilli

Middle High German: stille

German: still

Luxembourgish: stëll

Vilamovian: śtył

Yiddish: שטיל (shtil)

From Proto-West Germanic *stillī (“motionless, still, quiet”).


stilli

stillī (canonical feminine)
stillī (nominative singular)
stillī (accusative singular)
stillī (genitive singular)
stillī (dative singular)

desc

Alemannic German: Stili, Schtili, Stilli, Stilni


stollo

stollo (nominative singular)
stollon (nominative plural)
stollun (nominative plural)
stollon (accusative singular)
stollun (accusative singular)
stollon (accusative plural)
stollun (accusative plural)
stollen (genitive singular)
stollin (genitive singular)
stollōno (genitive plural)
stollen (dative singular)
stollin (dative singular)
stollōm (dative plural)
stollōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: stolle

desctree

German: Stollen
→ Czech: štóla
→ English: stollen
→ Norwegian Bokmål: stoll
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stoll

→ Italian: stollo
→ Serbo-Croatian: штула

From Proto-Germanic *stullô (“support, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place, locate”).


strangi

Middle High German: strenge, strange

German: streng

strengi (alternative)
strang (alternative)


strangi

strangī (canonical feminine)
strangī (nominative singular)
strangī (nominative plural)
strangī (accusative singular)
strangī (accusative plural)
strangī (genitive singular)
strangino (genitive plural)
strangī (dative singular)
stranginum (dative plural)
strengi (alternative)
strang (alternative)

German: Strenge


swar

desc

Middle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr

Alemannic German:

Swabian: schwär

Bavarian: schwar

German: schwer

Luxembourgish: schwéier

Vilamovian: świer

Yiddish: שווער (shver)

From Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz, whence also Old English swær, Old Norse svárr.


swar

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of swëran


swari

swārī (canonical feminine)
swārī (nominative singular)
swārī (accusative singular)
swārī (genitive singular)
swārī (dative singular)

Middle High German: swære

German: Schwere

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *swārī, from Proto-Germanic *swērį̄; equivalent to swār (“heavy”) + -ī.


swero

swero (nominative singular)
sweron (nominative plural)
swerun (nominative plural)
sweron (accusative singular)
swerun (accusative singular)
sweron (accusative plural)
swerun (accusative plural)
sweren (genitive singular)
swerin (genitive singular)
swerōno (genitive plural)
sweren (dative singular)
swerin (dative singular)
swerōm (dative plural)
swerōn (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *swerō, from Proto-Germanic *swerô, related to *sweraną (“to fester, ulcerate”). Cognate with Dutch zweer.


tuomo

tuomo (nominative singular)
tuomon (nominative plural)
tuomun (nominative plural)
tuomon (accusative singular)
tuomun (accusative singular)
tuomon (accusative plural)
tuomun (accusative plural)
tuomen (genitive singular)
tuomin (genitive singular)
tuomōno (genitive plural)
tuomen (dative singular)
tuomin (dative singular)
tuomōm (dative plural)
tuomōn (dative plural)


tuomen

Middle High German: tüemen

From Proto-West Germanic *dōmijan, akin to Old English dēman, Old Norse dæma.

tuomjan (alternative)
tuommen (alternative)


tunkali

tunkalī (canonical feminine)
tunkalī (nominative singular)
tunkalī (nominative plural)
tunkalī (accusative singular)
tunkalī (accusative plural)
tunkalī (genitive singular)
tunkalino (genitive plural)
tunkalī (dative singular)
tunkalinum (dative plural)


triuwa

triuwa (nominative singular)
triuwā (nominative plural)
triuwa (accusative singular)
triuwā (accusative plural)
triuwa (genitive singular)
triuwōno (genitive plural)
triuwu (dative singular)
triuwōm (dative plural)

Middle High German triuwe, triwe, trūwe (Middle German)

German: Treue; traun (particle "in truth, verily, truly" via the fixed phrase in triuwen)

Cognate with Old Saxon treuwa, Old English trēow, Gothic triggwa, from Proto-West Germanic *treuwu, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō (with ablaut variant: Old English trūwa, Old Norse trú).


toldo

Middle High German: tolde

German: Dolde

Apparently related to tola (“grape stalk”), which Kluge compares to Ancient Greek θόλος (thólos, “dome”), θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom, sprout”).


tiuri

Middle High German: tiure

Alemannic German: tüür

Bavarian: teier

German: teuer

Vilamovian: taojer

Yiddish: טײַער (tayer)

From Proto-Germanic *diurijaz, whence also Old English dīere, Old Norse dýrr.


tior

Middle High German: tier

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: Tier

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Dier

Kölsch: Deer, Dier

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: Dier

German: Tier

→ Plautdietsch: Tier, Tiea

Luxembourgish: Déier

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Déier

From Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewsóm whence also Old Saxon dior, Old Dutch dior, dier, Old English dēor, Old Norse dýr.


ubil

Middle High German: übel, *üvel (West Central German)

German: übel

Luxembourgish: iwwel

From Proto-West Germanic *ubil, see also Old Saxon uvil, Old English yfel, Gothic 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍃 (ubils).


ubili

ubilī (canonical feminine)
ubilī (nominative singular)
ubilī (nominative plural)
ubilī (accusative singular)
ubilī (accusative plural)
ubilī (genitive singular)
ubilino (genitive plural)
ubilī (dative singular)
ubilinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: übele, übel

(German: Übel)


hiruz

Middle High German: hirz

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hirsch

Mòcheno: hirsch

desctree

German: Hirsch
→ Luxembourgish: Hirsch
→ North Frisian: hirsk
→ Plautdietsch: Hersch
→ Saterland Frisian: Hirsk

Luxembourgish: Hierz (archaic)

Yiddish: הירש (hirsh)

From Proto-Germanic *herutaz, whence also Old English heorot, Old Norse hjörtr.


hirso

hirso (nominative singular)
hirson (nominative plural)
hirsun (nominative plural)
hirson (accusative singular)
hirsun (accusative singular)
hirson (accusative plural)
hirsun (accusative plural)
hirsen (genitive singular)
hirsin (genitive singular)
hirsōno (genitive plural)
hirsen (dative singular)
hirsin (dative singular)
hirsōm (dative plural)
hirsōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: hirse

German: Hirse

Yiddish: הירזש (hirzh)

From Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *hirsijô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to grow, nourish, feed”).


hirti

hirti (nominative singular)
hirte (nominative plural)
hirtā (nominative plural)
hirta (nominative plural)
hirti (accusative singular)
hirte (accusative plural)
hirtā (accusative plural)
hirta (accusative plural)
hirtes (genitive singular)
hirto (genitive plural)
hirte (dative singular)
hirtim (dative plural)
hirtu (instrumental singular)
hirt (alternative)

Middle High German: hirte, hirt

Cimbrian: hiart

desc

German: Hirte, Hirt (both are roughly equally common)

Luxembourgish: Hiert

From Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz, whence also Old English hierde, Old Norse hirðir.


hirni

Middle High German: hirne, herne

Bavarian: Hirn

Cimbrian: hiarn

German: Hirn, ⇒ Gehirn

Luxembourgish: Hier, ⇒ Gehier

From Proto-West Germanic *hirʀnī, from Proto-Germanic *hirzniją (“brain”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”); see there for more.


wabo

wabo (nominative singular)
wabon (nominative plural)
wabun (nominative plural)
wabon (accusative singular)
wabun (accusative singular)
wabon (accusative plural)
wabun (accusative plural)
waben (genitive singular)
wabin (genitive singular)
wabōno (genitive plural)
waben (dative singular)
wabin (dative singular)
wabōm (dative plural)
wabōn (dative plural)

German: Wabe


waga

Middle High German: wāge

German: Waage

Luxembourgish: Wo

Yiddish: וואָג (vog)

→ Czech: váhy, váha

desctree

→ Old Polish: waga
Polish: waga, wága (Kielce, Przemyśl)
→ Kashubian: wôga
→ Russian: ва́га (vága)
→ Slovincian: wogha
→ Ukrainian: ва́га (váha)
→ Belarusian: ва́гі (váhi)
Silesian: wŏga

→ Serbo-Croatian: vaga

→ Macedonian: ва́га (vága)

→ Slovak: váhy, váha

→ Slovene: vaga


wahs

Middle High German: wahs

Cimbrian: baks

German: Wachs
→ Russian: вакса (vaksa)
→ Armenian: վաքս (vakʻs), վակս (vaks)
→ Persian: واکس (vâks)

Luxembourgish: Wuess

Yiddish: וואַקס (vaks)

From Proto-Germanic *wahsą, whence also Old Saxon wahs, Old English weax, Old Norse vax.


wala

German: Wahl


wanga

wanga (nominative singular)
wangun (nominative plural)
wanga (accusative singular)
wangun (accusative plural)
wangen (genitive singular)
wangin (genitive singular)
wangōno (genitive plural)
wangen (dative singular)
wangin (dative singular)
wangōm (dative plural)
wangōn (dative plural)

German: Wange

From Proto-Germanic *wangô. Compare Old Saxon wanga (“cheek”), Old English wange, Old Norse vangi (“cheek, temple”), Gothic *𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍉 (*waggō), Italian guancia (“cheek”).


warto

warto (nominative singular)
warton (nominative plural)
wartun (nominative plural)
warton (accusative singular)
wartun (accusative singular)
warton (accusative plural)
wartun (accusative plural)
warten (genitive singular)
wartin (genitive singular)
wartōno (genitive plural)
warten (dative singular)
wartin (dative singular)
wartōm (dative plural)
wartōn (dative plural)


wazzar

waȥȥar (canonical neuter)
waȥȥar (nominative singular)
waȥȥar (nominative plural)
waȥȥar (accusative singular)
waȥȥar (accusative plural)
waȥȥares (genitive singular)
waȥȥaro (genitive plural)
waȥȥare (dative singular)
waȥȥarum (dative plural)
waȥȥaru (instrumental singular)
waȥar (alternative)
waȥȥer (alternative)
waszer (alternative)

Middle High German: waȥȥer
Alemannic German: Wasser, Wâser
Alsatian: Wasser, Wâsser, Wàser
Italian Walser: wasser, wàsser
Bavarian: Wåsser, Wossa
Cimbrian: bassar, bazzar (Luserna, Tredici Comuni)
Gottscheerish: boßər, bàsser
Mòcheno: bòsser
Udinese: bosser, bosar, bòsser
Central Franconian: Wasser, Waßer
Hunsrik: Wasser
Luxembourgish: Waasser
Transylvanian Saxon: Wåsser, Wosser (Sibiu), Wauesser (Brașov)
East Central German:
Silesian East Central German: Woasser, Wosser, Wasser
Upper Saxon German: Wassor
German: Wasser
Unserdeutsch: Wasser
Rhine Franconian: Wasser
Hessian: Wassä
Pennsylvania German: Wasser
Vilamovian: wosser, woser
Yiddish: וואַסער (vaser)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Germanic *watōr
Proto-West Germanic *watar
Old High German wazzar
From Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wédōr, collective of *wódr̥.
See also Old Dutch and Old Saxon watar, Old English wæter, Old Frisian weter, Old Norse vatn.


wiso

wīso (canonical masculine)
wīso (nominative singular)
wīson (nominative plural)
wīsun (nominative plural)
wīson (accusative singular)
wīsun (accusative singular)
wīson (accusative plural)
wīsun (accusative plural)
wīsen (genitive singular)
wīsin (genitive singular)
wīsōno (genitive plural)
wīsen (dative singular)
wīsin (dative singular)
wīsōm (dative plural)
wīsōn (dative plural)


wiso

Substantivized from wīs. Compare Dutch wijze (“wise man”).


weih

Middle High German: weich

German: weich

Hunsrik: weuch

Luxembourgish: weech

Yiddish: ווייך (veykh)

From Proto-West Germanic *waikw, from Proto-Germanic *waikwaz, whence also Old English wāc.


weihhi

German: Weiche


weizi

Middle High German: weize

Alemannic German: Weisse

Cimbrian: bòotze

German: Weizen

Hunsrik: Weize

Luxembourgish: Weess

Pennsylvania German: Weeze

Vilamovian: waas

Yiddish: ווייץ (veyts)

From Proto-West Germanic *hwaitī.
Compare Old Saxon hueti, Old English hwæte, Old Norse hveiti, Gothic 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍃 (ƕaiteis).


weralt

wëralt (canonical feminine)
wërelt, worolt (alternative)

desctree

Middle High German: wërlt, wëlt
Alemannic German: Wält
Bavarian: Wejt, Wöd, Wölt
Central Franconian:
Transylvanian Saxon: Wält
German: Welt
Luxembourgish: Welt
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Welt
Vilamovian: wełt
Yiddish: וועלט (velt)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *weraldi; surface analyzed as compound of wër (“man”) + alt (“time, age, old”) (hence “age of man”), latter short for altar.
Cognate to Old English weorold (English world),
Old Norse verǫld (Swedish värld), Old Saxon werold, Dutch wereld.


werra

Middle High German: wërre

German: Wirre

⇒ Old High German: werran

Middle High German: werren, wirren

German: wirren

⇒ Old High German: giwerri

Middle High German: gewërre

German: Gewirre, Gewirr

⇒ Old High German: werrisal

Middle High German: *werrsal, *wirrsal

German: Wirrsal

From Proto-West Germanic *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).


wewo

wēwo (canonical masculine)
wēwo (nominative singular)
wēwon (nominative plural)
wēwun (nominative plural)
wēwon (accusative singular)
wēwun (accusative singular)
wēwon (accusative plural)
wēwun (accusative plural)
wēwen (genitive singular)
wēwin (genitive singular)
wēwōno (genitive plural)
wēwen (dative singular)
wēwin (dative singular)
wēwōm (dative plural)
wēwōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: wēwe

German: Weh


wildi

Middle High German: wilde

desc

Central Franconian: weld, well (chiefly Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: wild

Luxembourgish: wëll

Bavarian: wüd, wuid, wüld

Cimbrian: bill

German: wild

Vilamovian: wyłd

Yiddish: ווילד (vild)

From Proto-West Germanic *wilþī, from Proto-Germanic *wilþijaz.


wini

Middle High German: wine, win

From Proto-West Germanic *wini, from Proto-Germanic *winiz, whence also Old Dutch wini, Old Saxon wini, Old English wine, Old Norse vinr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to seek, desire, love, win”).


winstar

From Proto-Germanic *winistraz, akin to Old Norse vinstri.


witu

Middle High German: wite

From Proto-West Germanic *widu, from Proto-Germanic *widuz, whence also Old Saxon widu, Old English wudu, Old Norse viðr.

Kronewet

Middle High German: kranewite; Transylvanian Saxon


wizzan

desctree

Middle High German: wiȥȥen
Alemannic German: wüsse
Cimbrian: bizzan
Central Franconian: wesse, wösse, wosse (Eifel)
Hunsrik: wisse
Luxembourgish: wëssen
German: wissen
Vilamovian: wysa
Yiddish: וויסן (visn)

From Proto-West Germanic *witan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, whence also Old Dutch, Old Saxon, and Old English witan, Old Norse vita, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (witan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde, originally a perfect form of *weyd- (“see”).


zunga

zunga (nominative singular)
zungūn (nominative plural)
zungūn (accusative singular)
zungūn (accusative plural)
zungūn (genitive singular)
zungōno (genitive plural)
zungūn (dative singular)
zungōm (dative plural)
zungōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: zunge
Alemannic German: Zunge
Central Franconian: Zong
Cimbrian: zung
German: Zunge
Luxembourgish: Zong
Vilamovian: cung
Yiddish: צונג (tsung)

From Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.
Compare Old Saxon tunga, Old Dutch tunga, Old English tunge, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō) and Old Norse tunga (Icelandic tunga (“tongue”)).


uf

ūf (canonical)
uf (alternative)
*up (alternative)


uf

Middle High German: ūf

Alemannic German: uf, ufe

Bavarian: aaf, auf

Cimbrian: af

German: auf

Vilamovian: u̇f

Yiddish: אויף (oyf)

Old Rhine Franconian: uf

Middle Rhine Franconian: uf

Rhine Franconian: uff, off

Pennsylvania German: uff

Hunsrik: uff

Old Central Franconian: *up

Middle Central Franconian: up

Central Franconian: op

Kölsch: op


nidar

Middle High German: nider, neider

German: nieder

Hunsrik: nitter

Luxembourgish: nidder

Vilamovian: nejder

From Proto-Germanic *niþer, whence also Old English niþer, Old Norse niðr.


nidana

Middle High German: niden, nidene

German: nieden (obsolete)

From Proto-Germanic *niþanē, whence also Old English neoþan, Old Norse neðan.


innana

Middle High German: innen

German: innen


obana

Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven

Alemannic German: obe

Swabian: oba

Bavarian: obn, om, oum, uom

German: oben

Luxembourgish: uewen

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: owe

Rhine Franconian: owen, owe, uwe

Pennsylvania German: owwe

Vilamovian: uwa

Yiddish: אויבן (oybn)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *obanā, from Proto-Germanic *ubanē (“from above”).

inh+

ūfana (alternative)
*ovana (alternative)


obar

Middle High German: ober, over, uber

German: ober, ober-

Yiddish: אייבער־ (eyber-)

From Proto-West Germanic *obar, from Proto-Germanic *uber.


uzana

ūȥana (canonical)
ūȥan (alternative)
ūȥe (alternative)

Middle High German: ūȥen

German: außen


hintar

Middle High German: hinter

desc

Central Franconian: henger, henner (Moselle Franconian), honner, hönner (Eifel), hinger (Kölsch)

Cimbrian: hintare

German: hinter

Luxembourgish: hanner

Yiddish: הינטער (hinter)

From Proto-Germanic *hinder, akin to Old English hinder.


hintana

Middle High German: hinden

Cimbrian: hénten

German: hinten


doret

Middle High German: dort

Bavarian: dortn, durtn

Cimbrian: dort, dor

Mòcheno: dert

German: dort

Yiddish: דאָרט (dort)

Compound of dor- from dār and -et, maybe from wert


dicchi

dichi (alternative)
dicki (alternative)
dikki (alternative)
dihhi (alternative)
thichi (alternative)
thihhi (alternative)
thiki (alternative)
ticchi (alternative)

Middle High German: dicke, dic

Central Franconian: deck

Cimbrian: dikh, dikhe (Luserna)

German: dick

Hunsrik: dick

Luxembourgish: déck

Pennsylvania German: dick

Yiddish: דיק (dik)

From Proto-West Germanic *þikkwī, whence also Old English þicce, Old Norse þykkr.


dicchi

dicchī (canonical feminine)
dicchī (nominative singular)
dicchī (accusative singular)
dicchī (genitive singular)
dicchī (dative singular)
dichi (alternative)
dicki (alternative)
dikchi (alternative)
dikhi (alternative)
dikki (alternative)
thicchi (alternative)
thichi (alternative)
thickhi (alternative)
thicki (alternative)
thikki (alternative)
tichi (alternative)

Middle High German: dicke

Alemannic German: Dicki

German: Dicke


dunni

Middle High German: dünne

Alemannic German: tünn, dünn

Swabian:

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: dünne

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: dinn

Luxembourgish: dënn

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: dynn

East Franconian:

German: dünn

Rhine Franconian: denn, dinn

Frankfurterisch: [d̥in]

Pennsylvania German:

Yiddish: דין (din)

From Proto-West Germanic *þunnī, from Proto-Germanic *þunnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ténh₂us (“thin”), whence also Old English þynne, Old Norse þunnr.


reht

Middle High German: rëht

Alemannic German: Rëcht

Central Franconian: rääch, räht, räät (western Ripuarian, parts of western Moselle Franconian), reht, reet, reecht (other parts of Moselle Franconian), räächt (eastern Moselle Franconian)

German: recht, Recht

Hunsrik: richt

Luxembourgish: riets, riicht, Recht (influenced by German)

Vilamovian: racht

Yiddish: רעכט (rekht)

From Proto-West Germanic *reht, whence also Old English riht, Old Norse réttr.


gruoni

Middle High German: grüene

Alemannic German: grüen

Swabian: grea, grien

Walser: geriénts, grien, gréén, grün

Bavarian: grian, gri͡an (alternative spelling, e.g. Styria), grean (most dialects), grien (Sappada, Sauris), grea

Apeltonerisch: gria

Cimbrian: gruan, grümma, grüun

Mòcheno: grea'

Central Franconian: jrön, green, grien

Hunsrik: grien

Luxembourgish: gréng

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: grin

East Franconian:

German: grün

Rhine Franconian: grie, grien, griene

Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀĩː]

Pennsylvania German: grie

Yiddish: גרין (grin)

From Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz, whence also Old Saxon groni, Old English grēne, Old Norse grœnn.


gruoni

gruonī (canonical feminine)
gruonī (nominative singular)
gruonī (nominative plural)
gruonī (accusative singular)
gruonī (accusative plural)
gruonī (genitive singular)
gruonino (genitive plural)
gruonī (dative singular)
gruoninum (dative plural)

Middle High German: grüene

German: Grüne


grao

Middle High German: grā

Alemannic German: graaw

Bavarian: grau

Gottscheerish: grūb

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: grau

Luxembourgish: gro

East Central German:

Vilamovian: graoj

East Franconian:

German: grau

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀoː], (newer, from about 1925) [kʀau]

Pennsylvania German: gro

Yiddish: גראָ (gro), גרוי (groy)

From Proto-West Germanic *grāu, see also Old English græġ, Old Norse grár.


blao

Middle High German: blā

Alemannic German: blaaw

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: plabe

Gottscheerish: blūb

Central Franconian: bloo, blau

Hunsrik: blau

Luxembourgish: blo

German: blau

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: bloh

Vilamovian: błöw

Yiddish: בלאָ (blo), בלוי (bloy)

→ Spanish: blao

From Proto-West Germanic *blāu, from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz, whence also Old English blāw, Old Norse blár.


kuoni

Middle High German: küen, küene, küne

Alemannic German: chüe, chüen

German: kühn

Luxembourgish: kéng

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kōnī (“bold”), from Proto-Germanic *kōniz, whence also Old English cēne, Old Norse kœnn.

inh+

chuoni (alternative)
kuani (alternative)


kuoni

kuonī (canonical feminine)
kuonī (nominative singular)
kuonī (nominative plural)
kuonī (accusative singular)
kuonī (accusative plural)
kuonī (genitive singular)
kuonino (genitive plural)
kuonī (dative singular)
kuoninum (dative plural)
chuonī (alternative)

Middle High German: küene

German: Kühne

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kōnī (“courage”), from Proto-Germanic *kōnį̄; equivalent to kuoni + -ī. Cognate to Old Norse *kœni (in lǫgkœni).


filu

From Proto-West Germanic *felu, from Proto-Germanic *felu, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-.
Cognate with Old Saxon filu, Old Frisian felo, Old English feolo, Old Norse fjǫl- (Icelandic fjöl-), Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu).

vilu (alternative)
filo (alternative)
fila (alternative)
vili (alternative)


filu

Middle High German: vil, vile

Alemannic German: viel

Swabian: viel

Bavarian: vui, vei, vii

desc

Cimbrian: vil, viil, biil (Sette Comuni)

Viennese: vü

German: viel

Luxembourgish: vill

Yiddish: פֿיל (fil)


bezziro

Middle High German: beȥȥer

Central Franconian: besser

Cimbrian: péssor

German: besser

Luxembourgish: besser

Yiddish: בעסער (beser)

From Proto-West Germanic *batiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *batizô. Cognate with Old Saxon betiro, Old English betera, Dutch beter, Old Norse betri, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌶𐌰 (batiza).


bezzisto

Middle High German: bezzist

Alemannic German: bescht

Central Franconian: beste

Cimbrian: peste, péste (Sette Comuni)

German: beste

Luxembourgish: beschte

Yiddish: בעסט (best)

Superlative of bezziro, corresponding to Proto-Germanic *batistaz. Compare Old Saxon betst, Old English betest, Old Norse beztr, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (batists).


wolo

wolo (nominative singular)
wolon (nominative plural)
wolun (nominative plural)
wolon (accusative singular)
wolun (accusative singular)
wolon (accusative plural)
wolun (accusative plural)
wolen (genitive singular)
wolin (genitive singular)
wolōno (genitive plural)
wolen (dative singular)
wolin (dative singular)
wolōm (dative plural)
wolōn (dative plural)
welo (alternative)

Middle High German: wole

German: Wol, Wohl


wola

Middle High German: wol, wole

Cimbrian: bóol, boll

German: wohl

Luxembourgish: wuel

Yiddish: ווויל (voyl)

With rounding of we- > wo- (as in wohha, wollen etc.), from Proto-Germanic *wela. Cognate with Old Saxon wela Old English wel, Old Norse vel (Icelandic vel). First attested in the early 9th C., and the normal form by the late 9th C. CE.


wellen

willu (first-person present singular)
wille (first-person present singular)
willa (first-person present singular)
wolta (first-person preterite singular)
wili (present second-person singular)
wilis (present second-person singular)
woltōs (preterite second-person singular)
woltōst (preterite second-person singular)
wili (present singular third-person)
wilit (present singular third-person)
wolta (preterite singular third-person)
wellemēs (first-person plural present)
wellēn (first-person plural present)
woltum (first-person plural preterite)
woltun (first-person plural preterite)
woltumēs (first-person plural preterite)
wellet (plural present second-person)
woltut (plural preterite second-person)
wellent (plural present third-person)
woltun (plural preterite third-person)
welle (first-person present singular)
wolti (first-person past singular)
woltī (first-person past singular)
wellest (present second-person singular)
wellēst (present second-person singular)
woltīs (past second-person singular)
woltīst (past second-person singular)
welle (present singular third-person)
wolti (past singular third-person)
woltī (past singular third-person)
wellēmēs (first-person plural present)
woltīm (first-person past plural)
woltīn (first-person past plural)
woltīmēs (first-person past plural)
wellēt (plural present second-person)
woltīt (past plural second-person)
wellēn (plural present third-person)
woltīn (past plural third-person)
wellenti (imperative present)
willen (alternative)
wollen (alternative)

desctree

Middle High German: wellen, wollen, wöllen, wullen
Alemannic German: welle, wella, wölla
Swabian: wella
Bavarian: woian
Apetlonerisch: walln
Cimbrian: bölln, béllan (Sette Comuni)
Central Franconian: welle, wolle (non-native; but now common in some dialects via German)
Hunsrik: weele
Luxembourgish: wëllen
German: wollen
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: wolle
Yiddish: וועלן (veln)

A merger of Proto-West Germanic *willjan (“to want”) and Proto-West Germanic *walljan (“choose, select”).


bittar

German: bitter

Yiddish: ביטער (biter)


blint

blintēr (masculine nominative singular strong)
blinte (masculine nominative plural strong)
blintiu (feminine nominative singular strong)
blinto (feminine nominative plural strong)
blintaȥ (neuter nominative singular strong)
blintiu (neuter nominative plural strong)
blintan (accusative masculine singular strong)
blinte (accusative masculine plural strong)
blinta (accusative feminine singular strong)
blinto (accusative feminine plural strong)
blintaȥ (accusative neuter singular strong)
blintiu (accusative neuter plural strong)
blintes (genitive masculine singular strong)
blintero (genitive masculine plural strong)
blintera (feminine genitive singular strong)
blintero (feminine genitive plural strong)
blintes (genitive neuter singular strong)
blintero (genitive neuter plural strong)
blintemu (dative masculine singular strong)
blintemo (dative masculine singular strong)
blintēm (dative masculine plural strong)
blintēn (dative masculine plural strong)
blinteru (dative feminine singular strong)
blintero (dative feminine singular strong)
blintēm (dative feminine plural strong)
blintēn (dative feminine plural strong)
blintemu (dative neuter singular strong)
blintemo (dative neuter singular strong)
blintēm (dative neuter plural strong)
blintēn (dative neuter plural strong)
blintu (instrumental masculine singular strong)
blinto (instrumental masculine singular strong)
blintu (instrumental neuter singular strong)
blinto (instrumental neuter singular strong)
blinto (masculine nominative singular weak)
blinton (masculine nominative plural weak)
blintun (masculine nominative plural weak)
blinta (feminine nominative singular weak)
blintūn (feminine nominative plural weak)
blinta (neuter nominative singular weak)
blintun (neuter nominative plural weak)
blinton (neuter nominative plural weak)
blinton (accusative masculine singular weak)
blintun (accusative masculine singular weak)
blinton (accusative masculine plural weak)
blintun (accusative masculine plural weak)
blintūn (accusative feminine singular weak)
blintūn (accusative feminine plural weak)
blinta (accusative neuter singular weak)
blintun (accusative neuter plural weak)
blinton (accusative neuter plural weak)
blinten (genitive masculine singular weak)
blintin (genitive masculine singular weak)
blintōno (genitive masculine plural weak)
blintūn (feminine genitive singular weak)
blintōno (feminine genitive plural weak)
blinten (genitive neuter singular weak)
blintin (genitive neuter singular weak)
blintōno (genitive neuter plural weak)
blinten (dative masculine singular weak)
blintin (dative masculine singular weak)
blintōm (dative masculine plural weak)
blintōn (dative masculine plural weak)
blintūn (dative feminine singular weak)
blintōm (dative feminine plural weak)
blintōn (dative feminine plural weak)
blinten (dative neuter singular weak)
blintin (dative neuter singular weak)
blintōm (dative neuter plural weak)
blintōn (dative neuter plural weak)

Middle High German: blint

German: blind

→ Esperanto: blinda

Luxembourgish: blann

Vilamovian: błynd

Yiddish: בלינד (blind)

From Proto-West Germanic *blind, whence also Old English blind, Old Norse blindr.


bloz

Middle High German: blōz

desc

Alemannic German: bloos, blooss, blöiß (Einsiedeln)

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: blus

German: bloß

Luxembourgish: blouss

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: blooss

Yiddish: בלויז (bloyz)

→ Occitan: blos, blous (“pure, empty, bare”)

⇒ Occitan: lano blouso (“pure or short wool”)

→ French: blousse (“scraps of wool”)

⇒? French: blouse (“a workman's or peasant's smock”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: *blotiāre (from Lombardic *blōt)

Medieval Latin: bluttāre

From Proto-West Germanic *blaut, from Proto-Germanic *blautaz (“void, soft, emaciated”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlaw- (“frightened, weak”). Cognate with Old English blēat (“poor, miserable, naked”), Old Norse blautr (“weak, timid, afraid”).


blodi

From Proto-Germanic *blauþiz (“void, emaciated, soft”), whence also Old English blēaþ (“gentle, timid, peaceful, inactive”), Old Norse blauðr (“fearful, timid”).


tumb

Middle High German: tump

desc

German: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)

Hunsrik: dumm

Luxembourgish: domm

From Proto-West Germanic *dumb, see also Old Saxon dumb, Old English dumb, Old Norse dumbr, Gothic 𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌱𐍃 (dumbs).


dese

Middle High German:

German: dieser

Cimbrian: diiza, disa (Luserna)

From Proto-West Germanic *þes, *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat, whence also Old English þes.


gilih

Middle High German: gelīch, gelich, gelīche, glīch

Alemannic German: gliich, glich

Bavarian: glei

Cimbrian: galàiche

German: gleich

Hunsrik: gleich

Luxembourgish: gläich

Vilamovian: głajch

Yiddish: גלײַך (glaykh)

From Proto-West Germanic *galīk, from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz. Cognates include Old English ġelīc, Old Norse glíkr (elder form of líkr).


krump

German: krumm

From Proto-West Germanic *krump, from Proto-Germanic *krumbaz.


engi

Middle High German: enge

Cimbrian: énghe

German: eng

Hunsrik: eng

Luxembourgish: enk

Rhine Franconian: eng (Frankfurt)

Yiddish: ענג (eng)

From Proto-West Germanic *angī, whence also Old English enge, Old Norse ǫngr.


engi

engī (canonical feminine)
engī (nominative singular)
engī (accusative singular)
engī (genitive singular)
engī (dative singular)

Middle High German: enge

Alemannic German: Engi

German: Enge


ango

ango (nominative singular)
angon (nominative plural)
angun (nominative plural)
angon (accusative singular)
angun (accusative singular)
angon (accusative plural)
angun (accusative plural)
angen (genitive singular)
angin (genitive singular)
angōno (genitive plural)
angen (dative singular)
angin (dative singular)
angōm (dative plural)
angōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: ange m or f

Alemannic German: Ange

German: (dialectal) Ange

⇒ Swabian: Halsanke

From Proto-Germanic *angô, whence also Old English anga, Old Saxon ango, Old Norse angi, Gothic *𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰 (*agga).


liht

Middle High German: līht

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: leicht

Luxembourgish: liicht

East Central German:

Vilamovian: łajcht

German: leicht

Rhine Franconian: läicht, leicht, licht

Frankfurterisch: [laiʃt]

Pennsylvania German: leicht

Yiddish: לײַכט (laykht)

From Proto-West Germanic *lį̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz (whence also Old English lēoht, Old Norse léttr), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-.


ernust

→ Czech: Arnošt

Middle High German: ërnest, ërnst

Alemannic German: Èèrnscht, Ärnscht

German: Ernst

→ English: Ernst, Ernest

Luxembourgish: Eescht

From Proto-Germanic *ernustuz, whence also Old English eornost.


feizit

Middle High German: veizt

Cimbrian: bòas

German: feist


fuht

fūht (canonical)
fūhti (alternative)
fiuhti (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *fų̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *funhtijaz.


fuhti

fūhtī (canonical feminine)
fūhtī (nominative singular)
fūhtī (nominative plural)
fūhtī (accusative singular)
fūhtī (accusative plural)
fūhtī (genitive singular)
fūhtino (genitive plural)
fūhtī (dative singular)
fūhtinum (dative plural)
fiuhtī (alternative)
vuhtī (alternative)

Middle High German: viuhte

Alemannic German: Fiechti, Füechti

German: Feuchte


gisunt

Middle High German: gesunt

Bavarian: gsund

Cimbrian: gazùnt, gesunt (Luserna)

Central Franconian: gesond, jesond, jesonk (Ripuarian)

German: gesund

Hunsrik: gesund

Luxembourgish: gesond

Yiddish: געזונט (gezunt)

From Proto-West Germanic *gasund, whence also Old English ġesund. Compare Dutch gezond, and Swedish sund.


nackut

German: nackt

From Proto-Germanic *nakwadaz, whence also Old Dutch nakot, Old English nacod, Old Norse nǫkkviðr, nakinn, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸𐍃 (naqaþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“bare, naked”).


wenag

Middle High German: weinic, wēnec

Alemannic German: wänng

Swabian: weng

Central Franconian: winnig

German: wenig

Luxembourgish: wéineg

Yiddish: ווייניק (veynik)

From Proto-Germanic *wainagaz. Related to the verb weinōn.


weinon

Middle High German: weinen

German: weinen

From Proto-Germanic *wainōną. Akin to Old English wānian and Old Norse veina.


toub

Middle High German: toup; doup, douf

Central Franconian: dauv, doov, daaf

Luxembourgish: daf

Hunsrik: daab

German: taub

Yiddish: טויב (toyb)

From Proto-West Germanic *daub, whence also Old English dēaf, Old Norse daufr.


mero

Middle High German: mēr, mēre

Alemannic German: meer

German: mehr

Yiddish: מער (mer)

From Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō, see also Old Saxon mēro, Old English māra, Dutch meer, Old Norse meiri, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰 (maiza).


lut

desctree

Middle High German: lūt
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: laut
German: laut
→ Esperanto: laŭta

From Proto-West Germanic *hlūd, whence also Old English hlūd (English loud).


kleini

Middle High German: klein, kleine

desc

Alemannic German: chlii, chly, chlei, klei, chli

Swabian: gloi

Vorarlbergerisch: klän, klen, kli, klin

Bavarian: klaa, kloa

Apeltonerisch: klua

Cimbrian: khlòan, khlumma (Luserna)

Mòcheno: khloa'n

Central Franconian: kleen

Hunsrik: kleen

Kölsch: klein

German: klein

Luxembourgish: kleng

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: klaan

Pennsylvania German: glee

Yiddish: קליין (kleyn)

From Proto-West Germanic *klainī (“brilliantly bright, fine, elegant”) (compare Old English clǣne), from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to stick, smudge”).


kleini

kleinī (canonical feminine)
kleinī (nominative singular)
kleinī (accusative singular)
kleinī (genitive singular)
kleinī (dative singular)
klēnī (alternative)

Middle High German: kleine

German: Kleine


baldi

baldī (canonical feminine)
baldī (nominative singular)
baldī (accusative singular)
baldī (genitive singular)
baldī (dative singular)
beldī (alternative)

Middle High German: belde

(German: in Bälde)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *baldī, from Proto-Germanic *balþį̄; equivalent to bald (“bold, quick”) + -ī.


argi

argī (canonical feminine)
argī (nominative singular)
argī (accusative singular)
argī (genitive singular)
argī (dative singular)

Middle High German: erge

Alemannic German: Ärgi


rifi

From Proto-West Germanic *rīpī, from Proto-Germanic *rīpiz, akin to Old English rīpe.


sleht

German: schlecht, schlicht

Vilamovian: ślaht

Yiddish: שלעכט (shlekht)

From Proto-Germanic *slihtaz, whence also Old Norse sléttr.


slihti

slihtī (canonical feminine)
slihtī (nominative singular)
slihtī (accusative singular)
slihtī (genitive singular)
slihtī (dative singular)


salig

desctree

Middle High German: sælic
German: selig
Luxembourgish: séileg
Silesian East Central German: salig (Gebirgsschlesisch); sälig; selig (Breslauisch)
⇒ Silesian East Central German: glücksälig (also Breslauisch)


swangar

German: schwanger

Yiddish: שווענגערן (shvengern)

From Proto-West Germanic *swangr (“heavy”), further origin unknown; according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *sʷenk-, *sunk-, see also Lithuanian sunkus (“difficult, heavy, swollen”).

cog

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)


frao

From Proto-West Germanic *frauwjō, from Proto-Germanic *frawą, *frawjô (“lord”), whence also Old English frēa.


muodi

Middle High German: müede, muode

Alemannic German: müed

Bavarian: miad

desc

Central Franconian: möd, mööch, med, mied

Hunsrik: mied

Luxembourgish: midd

German: müde, müd

Rhine Franconian: miid

Pennsylvania German: mied

Yiddish: מיד (mid)


nahisto

German: nächster

Yiddish: נעקסט (nekst)

Superlative of nāh, corresponding to Proto-Germanic *nēhwist (“nearest, closest”).


laz

From Proto-West Germanic *lat, see also Old English læt, Old Norse latr.


manag

Middle High German: manec, manic, menic

Alemannic German: meng

desc

Central Franconian: mannich, männich (older Ripuarian variant)

German: mannig (in compounds), manch

Luxembourgish: munch

From Proto-West Germanic *manag, whence also Old English maniġ.


managi

managī (canonical feminine)
managī (nominative singular)
managī (nominative plural)
managī (accusative singular)
managī (accusative plural)
managī (genitive singular)
managino (genitive plural)
managī (dative singular)
managinum (dative plural)
managīn (alternative)
manegī (alternative)
menigī (alternative)
manakī (alternative)
menikī (alternative)

Middle High German: menege, mengi, menige

German: Menge

Rhine Franconian: Meng, Menge

Palatine German: Meng

Pennsylvania German: Meng

Vilamovian: meń

Yiddish: מענגע (menge)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *managī, from Proto-Germanic *managį̄, equivalent to manag (“many”) + -ī.


duruh

Middle High German: durch

German: durch

Yiddish: דורך (durkh)

From Proto-Germanic *þurhw, whence also Old English þurh.


zuiski

German: zwischen (from the phrase in zwiskēn)

From Proto-Germanic *twiskaz (“twofold, double”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwís (“twice, doubly; in two”). See also Old English betweonum, composed of be- (“by, near”) + twēonum (“the two”, dative plural noun) (compare the numeral Old High German zwēne).


zwene

zwēne (canonical)
zwō (feminine)
zwei (neuter)

desctree

Middle High German: zwēne m, zwō f, zwei n
Alemannic German: zwei, zwe, zwo, zwöi, zwee, zwa, zwoi, zwea, zwuo
Bavarian: zwoa, zwo
Cimbrian:
Luserna: zboa
Sette Comuni: sbéen m or n, sbòa f
Mòcheno: zboa
Central Franconian: zwei, zwien (archaic masculine form), zwo, zwu (archaic feminine form)
Hunsrik: zweu
Luxembourgish: zwéin m, zwou f, zwee n
East Franconian: zwej
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: zwee
German: zwei, (rarer) zwo, (obsolete) zween
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: zwee
Pennsylvania German: zwee
Vilamovian: cwē
Yiddish: צוויי (tsvey)

From Proto-West Germanic *twai-, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


dri

desctree

Middle High German: drī
Alemannic German: drüü, drü
Bavarian: drei
Cimbrian: drai
Mòcheno: drai
Central Franconian: drei
Hunsrik: drei
Luxembourgish: dräi
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: dreie
German: drei
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: drei
Vilamovian: draj
Yiddish: דרײַ (dray)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þrīʀ, from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognate with Old Saxon thrīe, Old English þrī, Old Norse þrír.


zweinzug

Middle High German: zweinzec, zweinzic

Alemannic German: zwenzig

desc

Cimbrian: sbòanskh, zbuantzekh (Luserna)

German: zwanzig

Luxembourgish: zwanzeg

Yiddish: צוואַנציק (tsvantsik), צוואָנציק (tsvontsik)

From an earlier *tweintug, from Proto-Germanic *twai tigiwiz, *twaintigaz. Compare Old Saxon, Old Frisian, and Old English twentig, Old Norse tuttugu. Corresponds to a compound of zwein- from zwēne and -zug.


zwelif

Middle High German: zwelef, zwelf

Central Franconian: zwällef, zwellef (alternative spelling), zwöllef (Ripuarian variant from standard German)

Cimbrian: sbölbe

German: zwölf

Luxembourgish: zwielef

Vilamovian: cwełf

Yiddish: צוועלף (tsvelf)

From Proto-Germanic *twalif. Compare Old Saxon twelif, Old English twelf, Old Norse tólf.


einlif

Middle High German: einlif, einlef, eilif, eilef, eilf

Alemannic German: eintlef, einlef

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: ölbe

Central Franconian: ellef

German: elf

Luxembourgish: eelef

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: elf

Vilamovian: alf

Yiddish: עלף (elf)

From Proto-Germanic *ainalif, a compound of *ainaz and *-lif. Compare Old Saxon ellevan, Old English endleofan, Old Frisian andlova, Old Norse ellifu.


zehan

Middle High German: zëhen, zēn

Central Franconian: zehn

Cimbrian: sègane, zene (Luserna)

German: zehn

Luxembourgish: zéng

Yiddish: צען (tsen)

From an earlier *tehan, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, whence also Old English tīen, Old Norse tíu. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ (“ten”).


fimf

Middle High German: vinf, vünf

Alemannic German: foif, föif, füüf, fünf

Alsatian: fénef, fänef, feenef

Swabian: finf

Bavarian: finf

Cimbrian: vünve, bümbe (Mezzaselva)

Mòcheno: vinf

Central Franconian: fönnef, fennef, fief

Hunsrik: finnef

East Central German: fönff

German: fünf

Luxembourgish: fënnef

Pennsylvania German: fimf

Vilamovian: fynf

Yiddish: פֿינף (finf)

From Proto-West Germanic *fimf, whence also Old English fīf, Old Norse fimm.


sibun

Middle High German: siben, siven, seben, suben, söben

Alemannic German: sibe, sibä, siebë, siibe

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: zibane, sibane (Luserna)

Mòcheno: sim

Central Franconian: sibbe, sivve (Moselle Franconian, westernmost and easternmost Ripuarian)

Hunsrik: sieve

Luxembourgish: siwen

East Central German:

Vilamovian: zejwa

East Franconian:

German: sieben

Rhine Franconian: siewe, siwwe

Pennsylvania German: siwwe

Yiddish: זיבן (zibn)

From Proto-West Germanic *sebun, whence also Old English seofon, Old Norse sjau.


sehs

Middle High German: sehs

Alemannic German: sächs, saks (Uri), säks (southern Bern, Graubünden), säksch (Valais), säks, säksch

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: zèkse, sèkse (Luserna)

Mòcheno: secks

Central Franconian: sechs, sähs (Ripuarian)

Hunsrik: sechs

Luxembourgish: sechs

East Central German:

Vilamovian: zachs

East Franconian:

German: sechs

Rhine Franconian: sechs

Frankfurterisch: [z̥εks]

Pennsylvania German: sechs

Yiddish: זעקס (zeks)

From Proto-West Germanic *sehs, whence also Old English six, Old Norse sex.


niun

Middle High German: niun

Alemannic German: nüün, nin, nine

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: nòine, noüne (Luserna)

Mòcheno: nai'n

German: neun

Luxembourgish: néng

Vilamovian: naojn

Yiddish: נײַן (nayn)

From Proto-West Germanic *neun (see also Old English niġon, Old Norse níu).


fior

Middle High German: vier

Alemannic German: vier

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: viare

Mòcheno: viar

Central Franconian: vier

Hunsrik: fier

German: vier

Luxembourgish: véier

Pennsylvania German: vier

Vilamovian: fiyr

Yiddish: פֿיר (fir)

From Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, whence also Old Saxon fiuwar, Old English fēower, Old Norse fjórir. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres.


dusunt

dūsunt (canonical)
thūsunt (alternative)

Middle High German: tūsent

Cimbrian: tauzing, tausankh (Luserna)

Central Franconian: dausend, duusend

German: tausend

Luxembourgish: dausend

Vilamovian: taojzyt, tauzyt, toüzyt

Yiddish: טויזנט (toyznt)

From Proto-West Germanic *þūsundi, from Proto-Germanic *þūsundī.Cognate with Old English þūsend and Old Dutch thūsunt.


furi

Middle High German: vür

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: büar

Mòcheno: ver

Central Franconian: für, vür (fully merged)

German: für

Luxembourgish: fir

Upper Saxon German: for

Yiddish: פֿאַר (far)

From Proto-West Germanic *furi, see also Old English for, Old Norse fyrir.


fuoz

fuoȥ (canonical masculine)
fuoȥ (nominative singular)
fuoȥi (nominative plural)
fuoȥ (accusative singular)
fuoȥi (accusative plural)
fuoȥes (genitive singular)
fuoȥo (genitive plural)
fuoȥe (dative singular)
fuoȥim (dative plural)
fuoȥen (dative plural)
fuoȥu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: vuoȥ, fuoȥ
Alemannic German: Fuas
Bavarian: Fuaß
Cimbrian: vuus, buus, vuaz
Gottscheerish: vúəs
Mòcheno: vuas
Central Franconian: Foß, Fuß
Hunsrik: Fus
Kölsch: Fooß
Luxembourgish: Fouss
German: Fuß
Rhine Franconian: Fuss, Fuß
Frankfurterisch: Fuß – [fuːs], (older) [fois]
Pennsylvania German: Fuuss
Swabian: Fuaß
Vilamovian: füs
Yiddish: פֿוס (fus)


zuo

Middle High German: zuo

Cimbrian: zo

East Central German: zu

German: zu

Luxembourgish: zou, zu

Vilamovian: cy

Yiddish: צו (tsu)

From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, whence also Old English tō.

ca. 825 ,Tatian, Diatessaron, translation, Chapter 3,
Quad thō Maria zi themo engile...


widar

Middle High German: wider

Alemannic German: widda, wedär

Central Franconian: widder

Cimbrian: bidar

German: wider, wieder

Yiddish: ווידער (vider)


widar

German: Widder

Yiddish: ווידער (vider)


eban

Middle High German: eben

Alemannic German: ëben

Cimbrian: ébane

German: eben

From Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz, whence also Old Saxon eƀan, Old English efn, Old Norse jafn, Gothic 𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃 (ibns).


ebani

ebanī (canonical feminine)
ebanī (nominative singular)
ebanī (nominative plural)
ebanī (accusative singular)
ebanī (accusative plural)
ebanī (genitive singular)
ebanino (genitive plural)
ebanī (dative singular)
ebaninum (dative plural)
ebenī (alternative)
ebine (alternative)
ebinī (alternative)
epanī (alternative)

Middle High German: ebene

Alemannic German: Ëbni

German: Ebene


umbi

Middle High German: umbe, ump, ümbe, üm

Alemannic German: ume, umme

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: umme

Mòcheno: um

Central Franconian: öm, em

Luxembourgish: ëm

German: um, (umb, üm, ümb)

Yiddish: אום (um)

From Proto-West Germanic *umbi; cognate with Old English ymbe, (Middle English umbe), Old Norse um.


bosi

Middle High German: bōse

Alemannic German: bös

Swabian: béés, béas

Bavarian: bees

Cimbrian: pöoze

German: böse

Luxembourgish: béis

Yiddish: בייז (beyz)


bede

Middle High German: beide, bēde

German: beide

Yiddish: ביידע (beyde)

From Proto-Germanic *bai, whence also Old Norse báðir.


biben

bibēn (canonical)
bibēn (infinitive)
bibēm (first-person present singular)
bibēn (first-person present singular)
bibēta (first-person past singular)
bibēs (present second-person singular)
bibēst (present second-person singular)
bibētōs (past second-person singular)
bibētōst (past second-person singular)
bibēt (present singular third-person)
bibēta (past singular third-person)
bibēm (first-person plural present)
bibēmēs (first-person plural present)
bibētum (first-person past plural)
bibētumēs (first-person past plural)
bibēt (plural present second-person)
bibētut (past plural second-person)
bibēnt (plural present third-person)
bibētun (past plural third-person)
bibe (first-person present singular)
bibēti (first-person past singular)
bibētīs (past second-person singular)
bibētīst (past second-person singular)
bibe (present singular third-person)
bibēti (past singular third-person)
bibētīm (first-person past plural)
bibētīmēs (first-person past plural)
bibētīt (past plural second-person)
bibēn (plural present third-person)
bibētīn (past plural third-person)
bibe (present singular)
bibēt (plural present)
bibēnti (present)
gibibēt (past)

Middle High German: biben

Cimbrian: böoban

German: beben (influenced by Middle Low German beven)

Luxembourgish: biewen


borgen

borgēn (canonical)
borgēn (infinitive)
borgēm (first-person present singular)
borgēn (first-person present singular)
borgēta (first-person past singular)
borgēs (present second-person singular)
borgēst (present second-person singular)
borgētōs (past second-person singular)
borgētōst (past second-person singular)
borgēt (present singular third-person)
borgēta (past singular third-person)
borgēm (first-person plural present)
borgēmēs (first-person plural present)
borgētum (first-person past plural)
borgētumēs (first-person past plural)
borgēt (plural present second-person)
borgētut (past plural second-person)
borgēnt (plural present third-person)
borgētun (past plural third-person)
borge (first-person present singular)
borgēti (first-person past singular)
borgētīs (past second-person singular)
borgētīst (past second-person singular)
borge (present singular third-person)
borgēti (past singular third-person)
borgētīm (first-person past plural)
borgētīmēs (first-person past plural)
borgētīt (past plural second-person)
borgēn (plural present third-person)
borgētīn (past plural third-person)
borge (present singular)
borgēt (plural present)
borgēnti (present)
giborgēt (past)

Middle High German: borgen

German: borgen

From Proto-West Germanic *borgōn, from Proto-Germanic *burgōną; akin to Old English borġian.


derb

Middle High German: derp

German: derb

From Proto-Germanic *þerbaz. Cognate with Old English þeorf (English tharf), Middle Dutch derf (Dutch derf), Old Norse þjarfr.


dihton

Middle High German: tihten, *dihten

German: dichten


brehhan

brëhhan (canonical)
brëhhan (infinitive)
brihhu (first-person present singular)
brihho (first-person present singular)
brah (first-person past singular)
brihhis (present second-person singular)
brihhist (present second-person singular)
brāhhi (past second-person singular)
brihhit (present singular third-person)
brah (past singular third-person)
brëhhem (first-person plural present)
brëhhemēs (first-person plural present)
brāhhum (first-person past plural)
brāhhumēs (first-person past plural)
brëhhet (plural present second-person)
brāhhut (past plural second-person)
brëhhant (plural present third-person)
brāhhun (past plural third-person)
brëhhe (first-person present singular)
brāhhi (first-person past singular)
brëhhēs (present second-person singular)
brëhhēst (present second-person singular)
brāhhīs (past second-person singular)
brāhhīst (past second-person singular)
brëhhe (present singular third-person)
brāhhi (past singular third-person)
brëhhēm (first-person plural present)
brāhhīm (first-person past plural)
brāhhīmēs (first-person past plural)
brëhhēt (plural present second-person)
brāhhīt (past plural second-person)
brëhhēn (plural present third-person)
brāhhīn (past plural third-person)
brih (present singular)
brëhhet (plural present)
brëhhanti (present)
gibrohhan (past)
brëchan (alternative)

Middle High German: brëchen

German: brechen

Luxembourgish: briechen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: breche

Yiddish: ברעכן (brekhn)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: brachen (“to plow”)

⇒ Middle High German: brāchōt (“June”, literally “time of plowing”)

Alemannic German: Broochet

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: praachot

Mòcheno: prochet

German: Brachet

From Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, whence also Old Saxon brekan, Old English brecan, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.


badon

badōn (canonical)
badōn (infinitive)
badōm (first-person present singular)
badōn (first-person present singular)
badōta (first-person past singular)
badōs (present second-person singular)
badōst (present second-person singular)
badōtōs (past second-person singular)
badōtōst (past second-person singular)
badōt (present singular third-person)
badōta (past singular third-person)
badōm (first-person plural present)
badōmēs (first-person plural present)
badōtum (first-person past plural)
badōtumēs (first-person past plural)
badōt (plural present second-person)
badōtut (past plural second-person)
badōnt (plural present third-person)
badōtun (past plural third-person)
bado (first-person present singular)
badōti (first-person past singular)
badōtīs (past second-person singular)
bado (present singular third-person)
badōti (past singular third-person)
badōtīm (first-person past plural)
badōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
badōtīt (past plural second-person)
badōn (plural present third-person)
badōtīn (past plural third-person)
bado (present singular)
badōt (plural present)
badōnti (present)
gibadōt (past)

Middle High German: baden

Central Franconian: bade, boade

Hunsrik: baade

Luxembourgish: bueden

German: baden

Yiddish: באָדן (bodn)

From Proto-West Germanic *baþōn, whence also Old English baþian, Old Norse baða.


biginnan

biginnan (infinitive)
biginnu (first-person present singular)
biginno (first-person present singular)
bigan (first-person past singular)
bigonta (first-person past singular)
bigonda (first-person past singular)
biginnis (present second-person singular)
biginnist (present second-person singular)
bigunni (past second-person singular)
biginnit (present singular third-person)
bigan (past singular third-person)
bigonta (past singular third-person)
bigonda (past singular third-person)
biginnem (first-person plural present)
biginnemēs (first-person plural present)
bigunnum (first-person past plural)
bigunnumēs (first-person past plural)
biginnet (plural present second-person)
bigunnut (past plural second-person)
biginnant (plural present third-person)
bigunnun (past plural third-person)
biginne (first-person present singular)
bigunni (first-person past singular)
biginnēs (present second-person singular)
biginnēst (present second-person singular)
bigunnīs (past second-person singular)
bigunnīst (past second-person singular)
biginne (present singular third-person)
bigunni (past singular third-person)
biginnēm (first-person plural present)
bigunnīm (first-person past plural)
bigunnīmēs (first-person past plural)
biginnēt (plural present second-person)
bigunnīt (past plural second-person)
biginnēn (plural present third-person)
bigunnīn (past plural third-person)
bigin (present singular)
biginnet (plural present)
biginnanti (present)
bigunnan (past)

Middle High German: beginnen

German: beginnen

From Proto-West Germanic *biginnan, whence also Old Saxon and Old Dutch biginnan and Old English beginnan.


bizan

bīȥan (canonical)
bīȥan (infinitive)
bīȥu (first-person present singular)
bīȥo (first-person present singular)
beiȥ (first-person past singular)
bīȥis (present second-person singular)
bīȥist (present second-person singular)
biȥȥi (past second-person singular)
bīȥit (present singular third-person)
beiȥ (past singular third-person)
bīȥem (first-person plural present)
bīȥemēs (first-person plural present)
biȥȥum (first-person past plural)
biȥȥumēs (first-person past plural)
bīȥet (plural present second-person)
biȥȥut (past plural second-person)
bīȥant (plural present third-person)
biȥȥun (past plural third-person)
bīȥe (first-person present singular)
biȥȥi (first-person past singular)
bīȥēs (present second-person singular)
bīȥēst (present second-person singular)
biȥȥīs (past second-person singular)
biȥȥīst (past second-person singular)
bīȥe (present singular third-person)
biȥȥi (past singular third-person)
bīȥēm (first-person plural present)
biȥȥīm (first-person past plural)
biȥȥīmēs (first-person past plural)
bīȥēt (plural present second-person)
biȥȥīt (past plural second-person)
bīȥēn (plural present third-person)
biȥȥīn (past plural third-person)
bīȥ (present singular)
bīȥet (plural present)
bīȥanti (present)
gibiȥȥan (past)
bīȥȥan (alternative)
pīȥan (alternative Alemannic Bavarian Upper-German)
pīȥȥan (alternative)

Middle High German: bīȥen

German: beißen

⇒ Italian: bizza

From Proto-West Germanic *bītan, whence also Old English bītan and Old Norse bíta, Gothic 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).


bergan

bergan (infinitive)
birgu (first-person present singular)
birgo (first-person present singular)
barg (first-person past singular)
birgis (present second-person singular)
birgist (present second-person singular)
burgi (past second-person singular)
birgit (present singular third-person)
barg (past singular third-person)
bergem (first-person plural present)
bergemēs (first-person plural present)
burgum (first-person past plural)
burgumēs (first-person past plural)
berget (plural present second-person)
burgut (past plural second-person)
bergant (plural present third-person)
burgun (past plural third-person)
berge (first-person present singular)
burgi (first-person past singular)
bergēs (present second-person singular)
bergēst (present second-person singular)
burgīs (past second-person singular)
burgīst (past second-person singular)
berge (present singular third-person)
burgi (past singular third-person)
bergēm (first-person plural present)
burgīm (first-person past plural)
burgīmēs (first-person past plural)
bergēt (plural present second-person)
burgīt (past plural second-person)
bergēn (plural present third-person)
burgīn (past plural third-person)
birg (present singular)
berget (plural present)
berganti (present)
giborgan (past)
percan (alternative)

Middle High German: bergen

German: bergen, birgen

Luxembourgish: biergen


brestan

brestan (infinitive)
bristu (first-person present singular)
bristo (first-person present singular)
brast (first-person past singular)
bristis (present second-person singular)
bristist (present second-person singular)
brusti (past second-person singular)
bristit (present singular third-person)
brast (past singular third-person)
brestem (first-person plural present)
brestemēs (first-person plural present)
brustum (first-person past plural)
brustumēs (first-person past plural)
brestet (plural present second-person)
brustut (past plural second-person)
brestant (plural present third-person)
brustun (past plural third-person)
breste (first-person present singular)
brusti (first-person past singular)
brestēs (present second-person singular)
brestēst (present second-person singular)
brustīs (past second-person singular)
brustīst (past second-person singular)
breste (present singular third-person)
brusti (past singular third-person)
brestēm (first-person plural present)
brustīm (first-person past plural)
brustīmēs (first-person past plural)
brestēt (plural present second-person)
brustīt (past plural second-person)
brestēn (plural present third-person)
brustīn (past plural third-person)
brist (present singular)
brestet (plural present)
brestanti (present)
gibrostan (past)

Middle High German: brësten, bresten

German: bresten, bersten

From Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną.


biogan

biogan (infinitive)
biugu (first-person present singular)
biugo (first-person present singular)
boug (first-person past singular)
biugis (present second-person singular)
biugist (present second-person singular)
bugi (past second-person singular)
biugit (present singular third-person)
boug (past singular third-person)
biogem (first-person plural present)
biogemēs (first-person plural present)
bugum (first-person past plural)
bugumēs (first-person past plural)
bioget (plural present second-person)
bugut (past plural second-person)
biogant (plural present third-person)
bugun (past plural third-person)
bioge (first-person present singular)
bugi (first-person past singular)
biogēs (present second-person singular)
biogēst (present second-person singular)
bugīs (past second-person singular)
bugīst (past second-person singular)
bioge (present singular third-person)
bugi (past singular third-person)
biogēm (first-person plural present)
bugīm (first-person past plural)
bugīmēs (first-person past plural)
biogēt (plural present second-person)
bugīt (past plural second-person)
biogēn (plural present third-person)
bugīn (past plural third-person)
biug (present singular)
bioget (plural present)
bioganti (present)
gibogan (past)

Middle High German: biegen

German: biegen

Luxembourgish: béien

From Proto-West Germanic *beugan, from Proto-Germanic *beuganą. Cognate with Old English būgan.


bintan

bintan (infinitive)
bintu (first-person present singular)
binto (first-person present singular)
bant (first-person past singular)
bintis (present second-person singular)
bintist (present second-person singular)
bunti (past second-person singular)
bintit (present singular third-person)
bant (past singular third-person)
bintem (first-person plural present)
bintemēs (first-person plural present)
buntum (first-person past plural)
buntumēs (first-person past plural)
bintet (plural present second-person)
buntut (past plural second-person)
bintant (plural present third-person)
buntun (past plural third-person)
binte (first-person present singular)
bunti (first-person past singular)
bintēs (present second-person singular)
bintēst (present second-person singular)
buntīs (past second-person singular)
buntīst (past second-person singular)
binte (present singular third-person)
bunti (past singular third-person)
bintēm (first-person plural present)
buntīm (first-person past plural)
buntīmēs (first-person past plural)
bintēt (plural present second-person)
buntīt (past plural second-person)
bintēn (plural present third-person)
buntīn (past plural third-person)
bint (present singular)
bintet (plural present)
bintanti (present)
gibuntan (past)
pintan (alternative)

desctree

Middle High German: binden
Bavarian: bindn
German: binden
Luxembourgish: bannen

From Proto-West Germanic *bindan. Compare Old Saxon, Old Dutch, Old English bindan, Old Frisian/Old Norse binda.


biotan

biotan (infinitive)
biutu (first-person present singular)
biuto (first-person present singular)
bōt (first-person past singular)
biutis (present second-person singular)
biutist (present second-person singular)
buti (past second-person singular)
biutit (present singular third-person)
bōt (past singular third-person)
biotem (first-person plural present)
biotemēs (first-person plural present)
butum (first-person past plural)
butumēs (first-person past plural)
biotet (plural present second-person)
butut (past plural second-person)
biotant (plural present third-person)
butun (past plural third-person)
biote (first-person present singular)
buti (first-person past singular)
biotēs (present second-person singular)
biotēst (present second-person singular)
butīs (past second-person singular)
butīst (past second-person singular)
biote (present singular third-person)
buti (past singular third-person)
biotēm (first-person plural present)
butīm (first-person past plural)
butīmēs (first-person past plural)
biotēt (plural present second-person)
butīt (past plural second-person)
biotēn (plural present third-person)
butīn (past plural third-person)
biut (present singular)
biotet (plural present)
biotanti (present)
gibotan (past)

German: bieten

From Proto-West Germanic *beudan, akin to Old Saxon biodan, Old English bēodan, Old Norse bjóða, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (anabiudan).


briuwan

briuwan (infinitive)
briuwu (first-person present singular)
briuwo (first-person present singular)
brouw (first-person past singular)
briuwis (present second-person singular)
briuwist (present second-person singular)
bruwi (past second-person singular)
briuwit (present singular third-person)
brouw (past singular third-person)
briuwem (first-person plural present)
briuwemēs (first-person plural present)
bruwum (first-person past plural)
bruwumēs (first-person past plural)
briuwet (plural present second-person)
bruwut (past plural second-person)
briuwant (plural present third-person)
bruwun (past plural third-person)
briuwe (first-person present singular)
bruwi (first-person past singular)
briuwēs (present second-person singular)
briuwēst (present second-person singular)
bruwīs (past second-person singular)
bruwīst (past second-person singular)
briuwe (present singular third-person)
bruwi (past singular third-person)
briuwēm (first-person plural present)
bruwīm (first-person past plural)
bruwīmēs (first-person past plural)
briuwēt (plural present second-person)
bruwīt (past plural second-person)
briuwēn (plural present third-person)
bruwīn (past plural third-person)
briuw (present singular)
briuwet (plural present)
briuwanti (present)
gibruwan (past)

Middle High German: briuwen, brūwen

German: brauen

From Proto-West Germanic *breuwan, whence also Old English brēowan, Old Norse brugga.


brugga

Middle High German: brucke, brücke, brügge, brugge
Alemannic German: Brugg
Bavarian: Bruck, Brugg
Central Franconian: Bröck, Breck (Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Brick
Luxembourgish: Bréck
East Central German: Brick
German: Brücke
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Brick
Vilamovian: bryk
Yiddish: בריק (brik)

From Proto-West Germanic *bruggju, from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.


dankon

dankōn (canonical)
dankōn (infinitive)
dankōm (first-person present singular)
dankōn (first-person present singular)
dankōta (first-person past singular)
dankōs (present second-person singular)
dankōst (present second-person singular)
dankōtōs (past second-person singular)
dankōtōst (past second-person singular)
dankōt (present singular third-person)
dankōta (past singular third-person)
dankōm (first-person plural present)
dankōmēs (first-person plural present)
dankōtum (first-person past plural)
dankōtumēs (first-person past plural)
dankōt (plural present second-person)
dankōtut (past plural second-person)
dankōnt (plural present third-person)
dankōtun (past plural third-person)
danko (first-person present singular)
dankōti (first-person past singular)
dankōtīs (past second-person singular)
danko (present singular third-person)
dankōti (past singular third-person)
dankōtīm (first-person past plural)
dankōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
dankōtīt (past plural second-person)
dankōn (plural present third-person)
dankōtīn (past plural third-person)
danko (present singular)
dankōt (plural present)
dankōnti (present)
gidankōt (past)
thankōn (alternative)

Middle High German: danken

Cimbrian: dånkan

German: danken

Luxembourgish: danken

Yiddish: דאַנקען (danken)

→⇒ Czech: děkovat

desctree

→⇒ Old Polish: dziękować
Polish: dziękować, dziekować (Middle Polish)
→ Kashubian: dzãkòwac
Silesian: dziynkować
→ Old Ruthenian: дѧ́ковати (djákovati), дєковати (djekovati), дѧкувати (djakuvati), дѧковать (djakovatʹ), дїѧковати (dijakovati), дъѧковати (dʺjakovati)
Belarusian: дзя́каваць (dzjákavacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: дя́ковати (djákovaty)
Ukrainian: дя́кувати (djákuvaty), дя́чувати (djáčuvaty); дє́кувати (djékuvaty) (dialectal)
→ Russian: дя́кувать (djákuvatʹ), дя́кать (djákatʹ) (dialectal)

→⇒ Russian: дя́ковать (djákovatʹ)

→⇒ Slovak: ďakovať

→⇒ Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źěkowaś

Upper Sorbian: dźakować

→⇒ Lithuanian: dėkoti

From Proto-West Germanic *þankōn, akin to Old English þancian, Old Norse þakka.


dringan

dringan (infinitive)
dringu (first-person present singular)
dringo (first-person present singular)
drang (first-person past singular)
dringis (present second-person singular)
dringist (present second-person singular)
drungi (past second-person singular)
dringit (present singular third-person)
drang (past singular third-person)
dringem (first-person plural present)
dringemēs (first-person plural present)
drungum (first-person past plural)
drungumēs (first-person past plural)
dringet (plural present second-person)
drungut (past plural second-person)
dringant (plural present third-person)
drungun (past plural third-person)
dringe (first-person present singular)
drungi (first-person past singular)
dringēs (present second-person singular)
dringēst (present second-person singular)
drungīs (past second-person singular)
drungīst (past second-person singular)
dringe (present singular third-person)
drungi (past singular third-person)
dringēm (first-person plural present)
drungīm (first-person past plural)
drungīmēs (first-person past plural)
dringēt (plural present second-person)
drungīt (past plural second-person)
dringēn (plural present third-person)
drungīn (past plural third-person)
dring (present singular)
dringet (plural present)
dringanti (present)
gidrongan (past)

Middle High German: dringen

German: dringen

From Proto-West Germanic *þringwan, from Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *trenkʷ- (“to beat, hew, press”).
Cognate with Old Saxon thringan (Low German dringen), Dutch dringen, Old English þringan (English thring), Old Norse þryngva, Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þreihan).


drucchen

drucchen (infinitive)
drucchu (first-person present singular)
druhta (first-person past singular)
drucchis (present second-person singular)
drucchist (present second-person singular)
druhtōs (past second-person singular)
drucchtōst (past second-person singular)
drucchit (present singular third-person)
druhta (past singular third-person)
drucchem (first-person plural present)
drucchemēs (first-person plural present)
druhtum (first-person past plural)
druhtumēs (first-person past plural)
drucchet (plural present second-person)
druhtut (past plural second-person)
drucchent (plural present third-person)
druhtun (past plural third-person)
drucche (first-person present singular)
druhti (first-person past singular)
drucchēs (present second-person singular)
drucchēst (present second-person singular)
druhtīs (past second-person singular)
druhtīst (past second-person singular)
drucche (present singular third-person)
druhti (past singular third-person)
drucchēm (first-person plural present)
drucchēn (first-person plural present)
druhtīm (first-person past plural)
druhtīn (first-person past plural)
druhtīmēs (first-person past plural)
drucchēt (plural present second-person)
druhtīt (past plural second-person)
drucchēn (plural present third-person)
druhtīn (past plural third-person)
drucchi (present singular)
drucchet (plural present)
drucchenti (present)
gidruht (past)
drukken (alternative)
drucchan (alternative)

Middle High German: drücken, drucken

Bavarian: druckn

Cimbrian: drukhan

desc

German: drücken (“press”), drucken (“print”)

→ Ladin: druché

→ Low German: drucken

desctree

→ Polish: drukować
→ Belarusian: друкава́ць (drukavácʹ)
→ Ukrainian: друкува́ти (drukuváty)

→ Yiddish: דרוקן (drukn)

Luxembourgish: drécken

Yiddish: דריקן (drikn)

From Proto-Germanic *þrukkijaną (“to press”).


draen

drāen (canonical)
draen (infinitive)
drau (first-person present singular)
drata (first-person past singular)
drais (present second-person singular)
draist (present second-person singular)
dratōs (past second-person singular)
dratōst (past second-person singular)
drait (present singular third-person)
drata (past singular third-person)
draem (first-person plural present)
draemēs (first-person plural present)
dratum (first-person past plural)
dratumēs (first-person past plural)
draet (plural present second-person)
dratut (past plural second-person)
draent (plural present third-person)
dratun (past plural third-person)
drae (first-person present singular)
drati (first-person past singular)
draēs (present second-person singular)
draēst (present second-person singular)
dratīs (past second-person singular)
dratīst (past second-person singular)
drae (present singular third-person)
drati (past singular third-person)
draēm (first-person plural present)
draēn (first-person plural present)
dratīm (first-person past plural)
dratīn (first-person past plural)
dratīmēs (first-person past plural)
draēt (plural present second-person)
dratīt (past plural second-person)
draēn (plural present third-person)
dratīn (past plural third-person)
drai (present singular)
draet (plural present)
draenti (present)
gidrat (past)

Middle High German: dræjen, dræn

Bavarian: drahn

Cimbrian: dréenan

desc

Central Franconian: driehe, drähe, drähne

Hunsrik: drehe

Luxembourgish: dréien, dréinen

German: drehen

Yiddish: דרייען (dreyen)

From Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną, akin to Old Saxon thrāian, Old English þrāwan.


dreskan

dreskan (infinitive)
drisku (first-person present singular)
drisko (first-person present singular)
drask (first-person past singular)
driskis (present second-person singular)
driskist (present second-person singular)
druski (past second-person singular)
driskit (present singular third-person)
drask (past singular third-person)
dreskem (first-person plural present)
dreskemēs (first-person plural present)
druskum (first-person past plural)
druskumēs (first-person past plural)
dresket (plural present second-person)
druskut (past plural second-person)
dreskant (plural present third-person)
druskun (past plural third-person)
dreske (first-person present singular)
druski (first-person past singular)
dreskēs (present second-person singular)
dreskēst (present second-person singular)
druskīs (past second-person singular)
druskīst (past second-person singular)
dreske (present singular third-person)
druski (past singular third-person)
dreskēm (first-person plural present)
druskīm (first-person past plural)
druskīmēs (first-person past plural)
dreskēt (plural present second-person)
druskīt (past plural second-person)
dreskēn (plural present third-person)
druskīn (past plural third-person)
drisk (present singular)
dresket (plural present)
dreskanti (present)
gidruskan (past)

Middle High German: dreschen

German: dreschen

From Proto-Germanic *þreskaną, akin to Old English þrescan, Old Norse þreskja, Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan).


dolen

dolēn (canonical)
dolēn (infinitive)
dolēm (first-person present singular)
dolēn (first-person present singular)
dolēta (first-person past singular)
dolēs (present second-person singular)
dolēst (present second-person singular)
dolētōs (past second-person singular)
dolētōst (past second-person singular)
dolēt (present singular third-person)
dolēta (past singular third-person)
dolēm (first-person plural present)
dolēmēs (first-person plural present)
dolētum (first-person past plural)
dolētumēs (first-person past plural)
dolēt (plural present second-person)
dolētut (past plural second-person)
dolēnt (plural present third-person)
dolētun (past plural third-person)
dole (first-person present singular)
dolēti (first-person past singular)
dolētīs (past second-person singular)
dolētīst (past second-person singular)
dole (present singular third-person)
dolēti (past singular third-person)
dolētīm (first-person past plural)
dolētīmēs (first-person past plural)
dolētīt (past plural second-person)
dolēn (plural present third-person)
dolētīn (past plural third-person)
dole (present singular)
dolēt (plural present)
dolēnti (present)
gidolēt (past)
dolōn (alternative)

Middle High German: doln

Alemannic German: tole

German: dolen

Luxembourgish: dëllen

⇒ Old High German: dulten

Middle High German: dulden

German: dulden


durri

Middle High German: durre, dürre

Cimbrian: dórre

German: dürr

Luxembourgish: dier

Vilamovian: dyrr

From Proto-West Germanic *þurʀī, from Proto-Germanic *þursuz, akin to Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃 (þaursus), Old Norse þurr, Icelandic þurr, Old English þyrre.


durri

durrī (canonical feminine)
durrī (nominative singular)
durrī (nominative plural)
durrī (accusative singular)
durrī (accusative plural)
durrī (genitive singular)
durrino (genitive plural)
durrī (dative singular)
durrinum (dative plural)
thurrī (alternative)

Middle High German: dürre

Alemannic German: Düri, Dürri

Cimbrian: dörre

German: Dürre


eigan

Middle High German: eigen

Central Franconian: eeje

German: eigen

From Proto-West Germanic *aigan, akin to Old English āgen, æġen, Old Norse eiginn.


eigan

German: Eigen


erist

From Proto-West Germanic *airist. Equivalent to ēr (“early”) + -ist.


erist

Middle High German: ērest, ērst

Bavarian: easchde

Cimbrian: èerste, earst (Luserna)

German: erster

Luxembourgish: éischt

Yiddish: ערשט (ersht)


ezzan

ëȥȥan (canonical)
ëȥȥan (infinitive)
iȥȥu (first-person present singular)
iȥȥo (first-person present singular)
āȥ (first-person past singular)
iȥȥis (present second-person singular)
iȥȥist (present second-person singular)
āȥi (past second-person singular)
iȥȥit (present singular third-person)
āȥ (past singular third-person)
ëȥȥem (first-person plural present)
ëȥȥemēs (first-person plural present)
āȥum (first-person past plural)
āȥumēs (first-person past plural)
ëȥȥet (plural present second-person)
āȥut (past plural second-person)
ëȥȥant (plural present third-person)
āȥun (past plural third-person)
ëȥȥe (first-person present singular)
āȥi (first-person past singular)
ëȥȥēs (present second-person singular)
ëȥȥēst (present second-person singular)
āȥīs (past second-person singular)
āȥīst (past second-person singular)
ëȥȥe (present singular third-person)
āȥi (past singular third-person)
ëȥȥēm (first-person plural present)
āȥīm (first-person past plural)
āȥīmēs (first-person past plural)
ëȥȥēt (plural present second-person)
āȥīt (past plural second-person)
ëȥȥēn (plural present third-person)
āȥīn (past plural third-person)
iȥ (present singular)
ëȥȥet (plural present)
ëȥȥanti (present)
gëȥȥan (past)

Middle High German: ëȥȥen

Alemannic German: ässe

Walser: essen, ässä, asse, assu

Bavarian: eisn, essn, èssn

Cimbrian: èzzan, èssan, ezzan

Mòcheno: èssn

Central Franconian: äße, esse (Kölsch, northernmost Ripuarian), eaße (parts of Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: esse

German: essen

Luxembourgish: iessen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: esse

Vilamovian: aosa

Yiddish: עסן (esn)

From Proto-West Germanic *etan, akin to Old Saxon, Old Dutch, and Old English etan, Old Frisian ita, Old Norse eta, Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan).


iuwar

Middle High German: iuwer, iur, (Central German also) ūwer, ūr

Alemannic German: öie

Cimbrian: ôar

Central Franconian: ühr, ähr, eier, auer

Luxembourgish: är

German: euer

Yiddish: אײַער (ayer)

From Proto-West Germanic *iuwar, whence also Old Saxon iuwar, Old English ēower. Further cognate with Old Norse yðvarr, Gothic 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂 (izwar).


ih

ih (first-person nominative singular)
ihha, ihcha (first-person nominative singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
mir (dative first-person singular)
mih (accusative first-person singular)
dū (nominative second-person singular)
dīn (genitive second-person singular)
dir (dative second-person singular)
dih (accusative second-person singular)
er (masculine nominative singular third-person)
her (masculine nominative singular third-person)
sīn (genitive masculine singular third-person)
imu (dative masculine singular third-person)
imo (dative masculine singular third-person)
inan (accusative masculine singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative singular third-person)
sī (feminine nominative singular third-person)
si (feminine nominative singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive singular third-person)
iru (feminine genitive singular third-person)
iro (feminine genitive singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine singular third-person)
iro (dative feminine singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine singular third-person)
iz (neuter nominative singular third-person)
es (genitive neuter singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter singular third-person)
imu (dative neuter singular third-person)
imo (dative neuter singular third-person)
iz (accusative neuter singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative plural)
unsēr (first-person genitive plural)
uns (dative first-person plural)
unsih (accusative first-person plural)
ir (also nominative plural polite second-person singular)
iuwēr (also genitive plural polite second-person singular)
iu (also dative plural polite second-person singular)
iuwih (accusative also plural polite second-person singular)
sie (neuter nominative plural third-person)
iro (genitive neuter plural third-person)
im (dative neuter plural third-person)
in (dative neuter plural third-person)
sie (accusative neuter plural third-person)
sio (feminine nominative plural third-person)
iro (feminine genitive plural third-person)
im (dative feminine plural third-person)
in (dative feminine plural third-person)
sio (accusative feminine plural third-person)
siu (neuter nominative plural third-person)
siu (accusative neuter plural third-person)

desctree

Middle High German: ich, ig
Alemannic German: ich, ig, i
Sensler: [iː]
Swabian: i
Sathmar Swabian: i
Bavarian: i
Cimbrian: ich (Setti Comuni); i (Luserna)
Gottscheerish: iχ, ī, i (unstressed); iχχe (emphatic)
Mòcheno: i
Central Franconian: ich, eich, ech
Hunsrückisch: äijsch
Hunsrik: ich [ɪç]
Britten: [æɪ̯ʃ], [ɪʃ]
Kölsch: ich
East Central German:
Erzgebirgisch: iech
Silesian East Central German: iech
Upper Saxon German: isch, ische
East Franconian: i, iech
German: ich
Luxembourgish: ech
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: aisch
Pennsylvania German: ich [ɪç]
Vilamovian: ych
Yiddish: איך (ich)

desc

→ Limburgish: ich, iech, ik, iich (Eupen), ech (Southeast Limburgish)

From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, possibly from a preform *eką from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂om (“I”), or directly from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).
Cognates include Old Saxon and Old Dutch ik, Old English iċ, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).


mih

desctree

Middle High German: mich
Alemannic German: mich, mi
Central Franconian: mich
Cimbrian: mich
East Central German: mihch, mich, miech
German: mich
Hunsrik: mich
Luxembourgish: mech
Pennsylvania German: mich
Yiddish: מיך (mikh)

From Proto-Germanic *mek, from Proto-Indo-European *me (“me”), akin to Old English mē, Old Norse mik.


dih

Middle High German: dich

Alemannic German: dich

Cimbrian: dich

German: dich

Hunsrik: dich

Luxembourgish: dech

Yiddish: דיך (dikh)

From Proto-Germanic *þek, whence also Old English þec, Old Norse þik.


ezzih

desc

Middle High German: ezzich, ezzech, ezzeich, ezzec

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: éssag, ezza (Luserna)

Mòcheno: ezza

German: Essig

Hunsrik: Essich

Luxembourgish: Esseg

Vilamovian: essig

Yiddish: עסיק (esik)

From Proto-West Germanic *atek, metathesized variant of *aket.


fallan

fallan (infinitive)
fallu (first-person present singular)
fallo (first-person present singular)
fial (first-person past singular)
fallis (present second-person singular)
fallist (present second-person singular)
fiali (past second-person singular)
fallit (present singular third-person)
fial (past singular third-person)
fallem (first-person plural present)
fallemēs (first-person plural present)
fialum (first-person past plural)
fialumēs (first-person past plural)
fallet (plural present second-person)
fialut (past plural second-person)
fallant (plural present third-person)
fialun (past plural third-person)
falle (first-person present singular)
fiali (first-person past singular)
fallēs (present second-person singular)
fallēst (present second-person singular)
fialīs (past second-person singular)
fialīst (past second-person singular)
falle (present singular third-person)
fiali (past singular third-person)
fallēm (first-person plural present)
fialīm (first-person past plural)
fialīmēs (first-person past plural)
fallēt (plural present second-person)
fialīt (past plural second-person)
fallēn (plural present third-person)
fialīn (past plural third-person)
fall (present singular)
fallet (plural present)
fallanti (present)
gifallan (past)

Middle High German: vallen

Bavarian: foin

Cimbrian: vallan, ballan (Mezzaselva)

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: falle

Luxembourgish: falen

German: fallen

Yiddish: פֿאַלן (faln)

From Proto-West Germanic *fallan, from Proto-Germanic *fallaną.


faltan

faltan (infinitive)
faltu (first-person present singular)
falto (first-person present singular)
fialt (first-person past singular)
faltis (present second-person singular)
faltist (present second-person singular)
fialti (past second-person singular)
faltit (present singular third-person)
fialt (past singular third-person)
faltem (first-person plural present)
faltemēs (first-person plural present)
fialtum (first-person past plural)
fialtumēs (first-person past plural)
faltet (plural present second-person)
fialtut (past plural second-person)
faltant (plural present third-person)
fialtun (past plural third-person)
falte (first-person present singular)
fialti (first-person past singular)
faltēs (present second-person singular)
faltēst (present second-person singular)
fialtīs (past second-person singular)
fialtīst (past second-person singular)
falte (present singular third-person)
fialti (past singular third-person)
faltēm (first-person plural present)
fialtīm (first-person past plural)
fialtīmēs (first-person past plural)
faltēt (plural present second-person)
fialtīt (past plural second-person)
faltēn (plural present third-person)
fialtīn (past plural third-person)
falt (present singular)
faltet (plural present)
faltanti (present)
gifaltan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *falþan with -t- from the past forms, generalized probably by analogy with haltan, waltan.


fliogan

fliogan (infinitive)
fliugu (first-person present singular)
fliugo (first-person present singular)
floug (first-person past singular)
fliugis (present second-person singular)
fliugist (present second-person singular)
flugi (past second-person singular)
fliugit (present singular third-person)
floug (past singular third-person)
fliogem (first-person plural present)
fliogemēs (first-person plural present)
flugum (first-person past plural)
flugumēs (first-person past plural)
flioget (plural present second-person)
flugut (past plural second-person)
fliogant (plural present third-person)
flugun (past plural third-person)
flioge (first-person present singular)
flugi (first-person past singular)
fliogēs (present second-person singular)
fliogēst (present second-person singular)
flugīs (past second-person singular)
flugīst (past second-person singular)
flioge (present singular third-person)
flugi (past singular third-person)
fliogēm (first-person plural present)
flugīm (first-person past plural)
flugīmēs (first-person past plural)
fliogēt (plural present second-person)
flugīt (past plural second-person)
fliogēn (plural present third-person)
flugīn (past plural third-person)
fliug (present singular)
flioget (plural present)
flioganti (present)
giflogan (past)
fliocan (alternative)

Middle High German: vliegen

Central Franconian: fleeje

German: fliegen

Luxembourgish: fléien

Yiddish: פֿליִען (flien)

From Proto-West Germanic *fleugan. Compare Old Saxon and Old Dutch fliogan, Old English flēogan, Old Norse fljúga.


fliohan

fliohan (infinitive)
fliuhu (first-person present singular)
fliuho (first-person present singular)
flōh (first-person past singular)
fliuhis (present second-person singular)
fliuhist (present second-person singular)
flugi (past second-person singular)
fliuhit (present singular third-person)
flōh (past singular third-person)
fliohem (first-person plural present)
fliohemēs (first-person plural present)
flugum (first-person past plural)
flugumēs (first-person past plural)
fliohet (plural present second-person)
flugut (past plural second-person)
fliohant (plural present third-person)
flugun (past plural third-person)
fliohe (first-person present singular)
flugi (first-person past singular)
fliohēs (present second-person singular)
fliohēst (present second-person singular)
flugīs (past second-person singular)
flugīst (past second-person singular)
fliohe (present singular third-person)
flugi (past singular third-person)
fliohēm (first-person plural present)
flugīm (first-person past plural)
flugīmēs (first-person past plural)
fliohēt (plural present second-person)
flugīt (past plural second-person)
fliohēn (plural present third-person)
flugīn (past plural third-person)
fliuh (present singular)
fliohet (plural present)
fliohanti (present)
giflogan (past)

Middle High German: vliehen

Alemannic German: flie

German: fliehen

From Proto-West Germanic *fleuhan, from Proto-Germanic *fleuhaną, whence also Old Saxon fliohan, Old English flēon, Old Norse flýja.


fehtan

fehtan (infinitive)
fihtu (first-person present singular)
fihto (first-person present singular)
faht (first-person past singular)
fihtis (present second-person singular)
fihtist (present second-person singular)
fuhti (past second-person singular)
fihtit (present singular third-person)
faht (past singular third-person)
fehtem (first-person plural present)
fehtemēs (first-person plural present)
fuhtum (first-person past plural)
fuhtumēs (first-person past plural)
fehtet (plural present second-person)
fuhtut (past plural second-person)
fehtant (plural present third-person)
fuhtun (past plural third-person)
fehte (first-person present singular)
fuhti (first-person past singular)
fehtēs (present second-person singular)
fehtēst (present second-person singular)
fuhtīs (past second-person singular)
fuhtīst (past second-person singular)
fehte (present singular third-person)
fuhti (past singular third-person)
fehtēm (first-person plural present)
fuhtīm (first-person past plural)
fuhtīmēs (first-person past plural)
fehtēt (plural present second-person)
fuhtīt (past plural second-person)
fehtēn (plural present third-person)
fuhtīn (past plural third-person)
fiht (present singular)
fehtet (plural present)
fehtanti (present)
gifohtan (past)

Middle High German: vëhten

Alemannic German: fëchte

desctree

German: fechten
→ Russian: фехтовать (fextovatʹ)

From Proto-West Germanic *fehtan, from Proto-Germanic *fehtaną.


feigi

Middle High German: veige

Alemannic German: fiig

desc

German: feige, feig (colloquial or poetic)

From Proto-Germanic *faigijaz (“doomed to die imminently; fey”), whence also Old English fæġe, Old Norse feigr (Icelandic feigur).


farn

desc

Middle High German: varn, varm, farn, farm

German: Farn, Farm

Luxembourgish: Far

From Proto-West Germanic *farn, whence also Old English fearn.


ferrana

From the adjective ferro, from Proto-Germanic *ferrai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go over”).


fartig

From the noun fart (“journey”). Cognate with Old English fierd (“expedition, campaign”).


finstar

desctree

Middle High German: vinster
German: finster
Yiddish: פֿינצטער (fintster)

Maybe dissimilated from the adjective dinstar.


finstari

finstarī (canonical feminine)
finstarī (nominative singular)
finstarī (nominative plural)
finstarī (accusative singular)
finstarī (accusative plural)
finstarī (genitive singular)
finstarino (genitive plural)
finstarī (dative singular)
finstarinum (dative plural)
finstrī (alternative)

Middle High German: vinstere, vinster

Alemannic German: Finsteri, Fistri

Bavarian:

Carnithian: Finstre

German: Finster, Finstere (obsolete)


flehan

flēhan (canonical)
flēhan (infinitive)
flēhu (first-person present singular)
flēho (first-person present singular)
fliah (first-person past singular)
flēhis (present second-person singular)
flēhist (present second-person singular)
fliahi (past second-person singular)
flēhit (present singular third-person)
fliah (past singular third-person)
flēhem (first-person plural present)
flēhemēs (first-person plural present)
fliahum (first-person past plural)
fliahumēs (first-person past plural)
flēhet (plural present second-person)
fliahut (past plural second-person)
flēhant (plural present third-person)
fliahun (past plural third-person)
flēhe (first-person present singular)
fliahi (first-person past singular)
flēhēs (present second-person singular)
flēhēst (present second-person singular)
fliahīs (past second-person singular)
fliahīst (past second-person singular)
flēhe (present singular third-person)
fliahi (past singular third-person)
flēhēm (first-person plural present)
fliahīm (first-person past plural)
fliahīmēs (first-person past plural)
flēhēt (plural present second-person)
fliahīt (past plural second-person)
flēhēn (plural present third-person)
fliahīn (past plural third-person)
flēh (present singular)
flēhet (plural present)
flēhanti (present)
giflēhan (past)

German: flehen


flioga

Middle High German: vliege, fliuge

Alemannic German: Flüüge

Bavarian: Fluig

Cimbrian: blòiga

German: Fliege, Fleug

Luxembourgish: Fléi

Vilamovian: fłig

Yiddish: פֿליג (flig)

From Proto-Germanic *fleugǭ, whence also Old English flēoġe. Akin to Old Norse fluga.

fliuga (alternative)
*fliugijǭ (alternative)


flucki

Middle High German: vlücke, flücke

Alemannic German: flück

Central Franconian: flögg

Moselle Franconian: flegg

German: flück

Luxembourgish: fléck

Rhine Franconian: flick

Palatine German: flick

Pennsylvania German: flick


freh

From Proto-West Germanic *frek, whence also Old English frec, Old Norse frekr.


fruoi

desc

Middle High German: vrüe, vruoge, vruoje, vrüeje, vruo, fruo

Bavarian: fria

Central Franconian: freh, frieh, fröh, frööch

Hunsrik: frih

Luxembourgish: fréi

German: früh

Rhine Franconian: frieh

From Proto-West Germanic *frō(ī) (“early”).


fruo

Middle High German: vruo, vrū, vrūge, vrō, vrōwe, fruo, frū, frūge, frō, frōwe

Alemannic German: früe

German: früh

Luxembourgish: fréi

Pennsylvania German: frieh

Yiddish: פֿרי (fri)

From Proto-West Germanic *frō (“early”).