was

first/third-person singular past indicative of wesan


rite

first/third-person singular present subjunctive of rītan


bitten

bittan (infinitive)
bittu (first-person present singular)
bitto (first-person present singular)
bat (first-person past singular)
bittis (present second-person singular)
bittist (present second-person singular)
bāti (past second-person singular)
bittit (present singular third-person)
bat (past singular third-person)
bittem (first-person plural present)
bittemēs (first-person plural present)
bātum (first-person past plural)
bātumēs (first-person past plural)
bittet (plural present second-person)
bātut (past plural second-person)
bittant (plural present third-person)
bātun (past plural third-person)
bitte (first-person present singular)
bāti (first-person past singular)
bittēs (present second-person singular)
bittēst (present second-person singular)
bātīs (past second-person singular)
bātīst (past second-person singular)
bitte (present singular third-person)
bāti (past singular third-person)
bittēm (first-person plural present)
bātīm (first-person past plural)
bātīmēs (first-person past plural)
bittēt (plural present second-person)
bātīt (past plural second-person)
bittēn (plural present third-person)
bātīn (past plural third-person)
bitti (present singular)
bittet (plural present)
bittanti (present)
gibëtan (past)

Middle High German: bitten

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: pittan

Mòcheno: pitten

German: bitten

Yiddish: ביטן (bitn)

From Proto-West Germanic *biddjan, whence also Old Saxon biddian, Old English biddan, Old Norse biðja, Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bidjan).


bir

second-person singular imperative of bëran


want

first/third-person singular past indicative of wintan


geben

third-person plural present subjunctive of gëban


boron

borōn (canonical)
borōn (infinitive)
borōm (first-person present singular)
borōn (first-person present singular)
borōta (first-person past singular)
borōs (present second-person singular)
borōst (present second-person singular)
borōtōs (past second-person singular)
borōtōst (past second-person singular)
borōt (present singular third-person)
borōta (past singular third-person)
borōm (first-person plural present)
borōmēs (first-person plural present)
borōtum (first-person past plural)
borōtumēs (first-person past plural)
borōt (plural present second-person)
borōtut (past plural second-person)
borōnt (plural present third-person)
borōtun (past plural third-person)
boro (first-person present singular)
borōti (first-person past singular)
borōtīs (past second-person singular)
boro (present singular third-person)
borōti (past singular third-person)
borōtīm (first-person past plural)
borōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
borōtīt (past plural second-person)
borōn (plural present third-person)
borōtīn (past plural third-person)
boro (present singular)
borōt (plural present)
borōnti (present)
giborōt (past)

German: bohren

From Proto-West Germanic *borōn, from Proto-Germanic *burōną, whence also Old English borian, Old Norse bora.


si

first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wesan


half

first/third-person singular past indicative of hëlfan


bar

first/third-person singular past indicative of bëran


bari

second-person singular past indicative of bëran

first/third-person singular past subjunctive of bëran


beret

second-person plural present indicative/imperative of bëran


beret

second-person plural present subjunctive of bëran


gab

first/third-person singular past indicative of gëban


griffin

third-person plural preterite subjunctive of grīfan


ward

first/third-person singular past indicative of werdan


stan

Middle High German: stān, stēn

Alemannic German: staa, schtaa

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: stean

Mòcheno: stean

Northern Bavarian: [ʒ̊d̥ɛi]

desc

Central Franconian: stohn, stonn, stiehn

Hunsrik: stehn

Luxembourgish: stoen

German: stehen

Rhine Franconian: stehn

Pennsylvania German:

Vilamovian: śtejn

Yiddish: שטיין (shteyn)


bere

first/third-person singular present subjunctive of bëran


az

first/third-person singular past indicative of ëȥȥan


wari

inflection of wesan:
second-person singular past indicative

first/third-person singular past subjunctive


gap

manuscript spelling of gab, first/third-person singular past indicative of gëban


snide

first/third-person singular present subjunctive of snīdan


ist

third-person singular present indicative of wësan


quim

second-person singular imperative of quëman


leren

Middle High German: lēren

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: lére, leire, lerä

German: lehren

Luxembourgish: léieren

From Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną, from *laizō (“lore”).
Akin to Old Saxon lērian, Old Dutch lēren, Old English lǣran, Old Norse læra, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laisjan).


horen

hōren (canonical)
hōren (infinitive)
hōru (first-person present singular)
hōrita (first-person past singular)
hōris (present second-person singular)
hōrist (present second-person singular)
hōritōs (past second-person singular)
hōrtōst (past second-person singular)
hōrit (present singular third-person)
hōrita (past singular third-person)
hōrem (first-person plural present)
hōremēs (first-person plural present)
hōritum (first-person past plural)
hōritumēs (first-person past plural)
hōret (plural present second-person)
hōritut (past plural second-person)
hōrent (plural present third-person)
hōritun (past plural third-person)
hōre (first-person present singular)
hōriti (first-person past singular)
hōrēs (present second-person singular)
hōrēst (present second-person singular)
hōritīs (past second-person singular)
hōritīst (past second-person singular)
hōre (present singular third-person)
hōriti (past singular third-person)
hōrēm (first-person plural present)
hōrēn (first-person plural present)
hōritīm (first-person past plural)
hōritīn (first-person past plural)
hōritīmēs (first-person past plural)
hōrēt (plural present second-person)
hōritīt (past plural second-person)
hōrēn (plural present third-person)
hōritīn (past plural third-person)
hōri (present singular)
hōret (plural present)
hōrenti (present)
gihōrit (past)

Middle High German: hœren

Bavarian: hearn

Cimbrian: hòrran, höarn (Luserna)

Central Franconian: hüre, hiere (Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: heere

Luxembourgish: héieren

German: hören

Vilamovian: hüchia

Yiddish: הערן (hern)

From Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną, whence also Old English hīeran, Old Norse heyra.


fasten

fastēn (canonical)
fastēn (infinitive)
fastēm (first-person present singular)
fastēn (first-person present singular)
fastēta (first-person past singular)
fastēs (present second-person singular)
fastēst (present second-person singular)
fastētōs (past second-person singular)
fastētōst (past second-person singular)
fastēt (present singular third-person)
fastēta (past singular third-person)
fastēm (first-person plural present)
fastēmēs (first-person plural present)
fastētum (first-person past plural)
fastētumēs (first-person past plural)
fastēt (plural present second-person)
fastētut (past plural second-person)
fastēnt (plural present third-person)
fastētun (past plural third-person)
faste (first-person present singular)
fastēti (first-person past singular)
fastētīs (past second-person singular)
fastētīst (past second-person singular)
faste (present singular third-person)
fastēti (past singular third-person)
fastētīm (first-person past plural)
fastētīmēs (first-person past plural)
fastētīt (past plural second-person)
fastēn (plural present third-person)
fastētīn (past plural third-person)
faste (present singular)
fastēt (plural present)
fastēnti (present)
gifastēt (past)

Middle High German: vasten

Cimbrian: bastan

German: fasten

Luxembourgish: faaschten

Yiddish: פֿאַסטן (fastn)


reit

first/third-person singular past indicative of rītan


helfen

third-person plural present subjunctive of hëlfan


sten

Middle High German: stēn

German: stehen, stehn

The development of the form stēn is analogous to that of gēn (“to go”). See there for further information.


quad

first/third-person singular past indicative of quedan


breton

brëtōn (canonical)
bretōn (infinitive)
bretōm (first-person present singular)
bretōn (first-person present singular)
bretōta (first-person past singular)
bretōs (present second-person singular)
bretōst (present second-person singular)
bretōtōs (past second-person singular)
bretōtōst (past second-person singular)
bretōt (present singular third-person)
bretōta (past singular third-person)
bretōm (first-person plural present)
bretōmēs (first-person plural present)
bretōtum (first-person past plural)
bretōtumēs (first-person past plural)
bretōt (plural present second-person)
bretōtut (past plural second-person)
bretōnt (plural present third-person)
bretōtun (past plural third-person)
breto (first-person present singular)
bretōti (first-person past singular)
bretōtīs (past second-person singular)
breto (present singular third-person)
bretōti (past singular third-person)
bretōtīm (first-person past plural)
bretōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
bretōtīt (past plural second-person)
bretōn (plural present third-person)
bretōtīn (past plural third-person)
breto (present singular)
bretōt (plural present)
bretōnti (present)
gibretōt (past)

Possibly from a Proto-West Germanic *bredōn, a variant of *breutan (“to beat”). Compare Old English breotan (“to break, destroy”).

cog

breton mit sinu billiu


haben

habēn (canonical)
habēn (infinitive)
habēm (first-person present singular)
habēn (first-person present singular)
habēta (first-person past singular)
habēs (present second-person singular)
habēst (present second-person singular)
habētōs (past second-person singular)
habētōst (past second-person singular)
habēt (present singular third-person)
habēta (past singular third-person)
habēm (first-person plural present)
habēmēs (first-person plural present)
habētum (first-person past plural)
habētumēs (first-person past plural)
habēt (plural present second-person)
habētut (past plural second-person)
habēnt (plural present third-person)
habētun (past plural third-person)
habe (first-person present singular)
habēti (first-person past singular)
habētīs (past second-person singular)
habētīst (past second-person singular)
habe (present singular third-person)
habēti (past singular third-person)
habētīm (first-person past plural)
habētīmēs (first-person past plural)
habētīt (past plural second-person)
habēn (plural present third-person)
habētīn (past plural third-person)
habe (present singular)
habēt (plural present)
habēnti (present)
gihabēt (past)

desctree

Middle High German: hān, haben
Alemannic German: haa, ha, heen, hoh, hä, häbä, hè
Swabian: hau
Bavarian: hoom, hobm, hobn, hom, ho, hob
Cimbrian: haban, hen, håm
Mòcheno: hom
Northern Bavarian: [hɔm]
Central Franconian: han, hann (most dialects)
Hunsrik: hon
Kölsch: han
Luxembourgish: hunn
East Central German:
Erzgebirgisch: hamm
Upper Saxon German: ham, hom
Vilamovian: hon
East Franconian:
German: haben
Berlinerisch: ham
Ruhrpöttisch: habn
Rhine Franconian: hann, hawwe (Vorderpfälzisch), hunn (northern Palatine)
Frankfurterisch: [havə]; [hɑvə], [hɔvə] (older)
Palatine German: hann, hawwe, hunn
Pennsylvania German: hawwe
Upper Hessian: hu, hunn
Yiddish: האָבן (hobn)

From Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną, whence also Old Saxon hebbian, Old English habban, Old Norse hafa, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”), whence also Latin capiō.


habe

first/third-person singular present subjunctive

inflection of habēn:
second-person singular imperative


bim

Middle High German: bin

German: bin

From Proto-West Germanic *biumi, from Proto-Germanic *biumi.

first-person singular present indicative of sīn


sitzen

Middle High German: sitzen

Alemannic German:

Swabian: sitza

Central Franconian: setze

Cimbrian: zètzan (suppletive; some conjugations)

German: sitzen

Luxembourgish: sëtzen

Yiddish: זיצן (zitsn)

From Proto-West Germanic *sittjan, Proto-Germanic *sitjaną. Cognate with Old Saxon sittian, Old Dutch sitten, Old English sittan, Old Norse sitja, Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (sitan).

sizzen (alternative)
sitten (alternative)


denken

denken (infinitive)
denku (first-person present singular)
dahta (first-person past singular)
denkis (present second-person singular)
denkist (present second-person singular)
dahtōs (past second-person singular)
denktōst (past second-person singular)
denkit (present singular third-person)
dahta (past singular third-person)
denkem (first-person plural present)
denkemēs (first-person plural present)
dahtum (first-person past plural)
dahtumēs (first-person past plural)
denket (plural present second-person)
dahtut (past plural second-person)
denkent (plural present third-person)
dahtun (past plural third-person)
denke (first-person present singular)
dahti (first-person past singular)
denkēs (present second-person singular)
denkēst (present second-person singular)
dahtīs (past second-person singular)
dahtīst (past second-person singular)
denke (present singular third-person)
dahti (past singular third-person)
denkēm (first-person plural present)
denkēn (first-person plural present)
dahtīm (first-person past plural)
dahtīn (first-person past plural)
dahtīmēs (first-person past plural)
denkēt (plural present second-person)
dahtīt (past plural second-person)
denkēn (plural present third-person)
dahtīn (past plural third-person)
denki (present singular)
denket (plural present)
denkenti (present)
gidaht (past)
thenken (alternative)

Middle High German: denken

Alemannic German: tenke

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: dénkhan

Mòcheno: denken

German: denken

Yiddish: דענקען (denken)

From Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną, akin to Old Saxon thenkian, Old Dutch thenken, Old English þencan, Old Norse þekkja, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þagkjan).


zim

second-person singular imperative of zëman


nam

first/third-person singular past indicative of nëman


leben

lebēn (canonical)
lebēn (infinitive)
lebēm (first-person present singular)
lebēn (first-person present singular)
lebēta (first-person past singular)
lebēs (present second-person singular)
lebēst (present second-person singular)
lebētōs (past second-person singular)
lebētōst (past second-person singular)
lebēt (present singular third-person)
lebēta (past singular third-person)
lebēm (first-person plural present)
lebēmēs (first-person plural present)
lebētum (first-person past plural)
lebētumēs (first-person past plural)
lebēt (plural present second-person)
lebētut (past plural second-person)
lebēnt (plural present third-person)
lebētun (past plural third-person)
lebe (first-person present singular)
lebēti (first-person past singular)
lebētīs (past second-person singular)
lebētīst (past second-person singular)
lebe (present singular third-person)
lebēti (past singular third-person)
lebētīm (first-person past plural)
lebētīmēs (first-person past plural)
lebētīt (past plural second-person)
lebēn (plural present third-person)
lebētīn (past plural third-person)
lebe (present singular)
lebēt (plural present)
lebēnti (present)
gilebēt (past)

Middle High German: lëben

Alemannic German: lëëbe

Alsatian: lawe

Swabian: läba

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: lem

Mòcheno: lem

German: leben

Luxembourgish: liewen

Vilamovian: łaowa

Yiddish: לעבן (lebn)

From Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną, related to Old English libban, Old Norse lifa. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”).


folgen

folgēn (canonical)
folgēn (infinitive)
folgēm (first-person present singular)
folgēn (first-person present singular)
folgēta (first-person past singular)
folgēs (present second-person singular)
folgēst (present second-person singular)
folgētōs (past second-person singular)
folgētōst (past second-person singular)
folgēt (present singular third-person)
folgēta (past singular third-person)
folgēm (first-person plural present)
folgēmēs (first-person plural present)
folgētum (first-person past plural)
folgētumēs (first-person past plural)
folgēt (plural present second-person)
folgētut (past plural second-person)
folgēnt (plural present third-person)
folgētun (past plural third-person)
folge (first-person present singular)
folgēti (first-person past singular)
folgētīs (past second-person singular)
folgētīst (past second-person singular)
folge (present singular third-person)
folgēti (past singular third-person)
folgētīm (first-person past plural)
folgētīmēs (first-person past plural)
folgētīt (past plural second-person)
folgēn (plural present third-person)
folgētīn (past plural third-person)
folge (present singular)
folgēt (plural present)
folgēnti (present)
gifolgēt (past)
folkēn (alternative)

Middle High German: volgen

Alemannic German: folge

Bavarian: foign

Cimbrian: vòlgan, bòlgan (Mezzaselva)

Mòcheno: volng

German: folgen

Luxembourgish: follegen

Yiddish: פֿאָלגן (folgn)

From Proto-West Germanic *folgēn, from Proto-Germanic *fulgāną.


gan

Middle High German: gān

Alemannic German: go, gon

Central Franconian: jonn, john, gohn


flugi

second-person singular past indicative of fliogan

first/third-person singular past subjunctive of fliogan


flugi

second-person singular past indicative of fliohan

first/third-person singular past subjunctive of fliohan


sculan

From Proto-West Germanic *skulan (“to owe”).


beran

bëran (canonical)
bëran (infinitive)
biru (first-person present singular)
biro (first-person present singular)
bar (first-person past singular)
biris (present second-person singular)
birist (present second-person singular)
bāri (past second-person singular)
birit (present singular third-person)
bar (past singular third-person)
bërem (first-person plural present)
bëremēs (first-person plural present)
bārum (first-person past plural)
bārumēs (first-person past plural)
bëret (plural present second-person)
bārut (past plural second-person)
bërant (plural present third-person)
bārun (past plural third-person)
bëre (first-person present singular)
bāri (first-person past singular)
bërēs (present second-person singular)
bërēst (present second-person singular)
bārīs (past second-person singular)
bārīst (past second-person singular)
bëre (present singular third-person)
bāri (past singular third-person)
bërēm (first-person plural present)
bārīm (first-person past plural)
bārīmēs (first-person past plural)
bërēt (plural present second-person)
bārīt (past plural second-person)
bërēn (plural present third-person)
bārīn (past plural third-person)
bir (present singular)
bëret (plural present)
bëranti (present)
giboran (past)
përan (alternative Upper-German)

Middle High German: bëren, bërn

⇒ German: gebären

Alemannic German: beren

From Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną, whence also Old Saxon beran, Old English beran, Old Norse bera, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.


gen

Middle High German: gēn

German: gehen, gehn

The form gēn appears early on in Bavarian, later spreading to eastern and southern Franconian and to the newly developing East Central German. Its origins are unknown. One theory invokes the original paradigm of Proto-West Germanic *gān, which had *ai in the 2nd and 3rd persons singular of the present; compare Middle Low German gân > he geit, modern Colognian jonn > hä jeiht, etc. The Old High German ē might thus be explained as a compromise vowel between ā and ei. What lends credence to this theory is the fact that Old High German ē cannot have developed regularly in the given position, as it only occurs before h, r, w, and word-finally.


quam

first/third-person singular past indicative of quëman


buan

būan (canonical)
būwan (alternative)
pūan (alternative)

desc

Middle High German: būwen, biuwen, bouwen

Alemannic German: buue, puue

German: bauen
→ Saterland Frisian: baue

Luxembourgish: bauen

Yiddish: בויען (boyen)

From Proto-West Germanic *būan, from Proto-Germanic *būaną, whence also Old English būan, Old Norse búa.


nimis

second-person singular present indicative of nëman


faran

faran (infinitive)
faru (first-person present singular)
faro (first-person present singular)
fuor (first-person past singular)
faris (present second-person singular)
farist (present second-person singular)
fuori (past second-person singular)
farit (present singular third-person)
fuor (past singular third-person)
farem (first-person plural present)
faremēs (first-person plural present)
fuorum (first-person past plural)
fuorumēs (first-person past plural)
faret (plural present second-person)
fuorut (past plural second-person)
farant (plural present third-person)
fuorun (past plural third-person)
fare (first-person present singular)
fuori (first-person past singular)
farēs (present second-person singular)
farēst (present second-person singular)
fuorīs (past second-person singular)
fuorīst (past second-person singular)
fare (present singular third-person)
fuori (past singular third-person)
farēm (first-person plural present)
fuorīm (first-person past plural)
fuorīmēs (first-person past plural)
farēt (plural present second-person)
fuorīt (past plural second-person)
farēn (plural present third-person)
fuorīn (past plural third-person)
far (present singular)
faret (plural present)
faranti (present)
gifaran (past)

Middle High German: varen, varn

Alemannic German: faare, fare

Bavarian: foarn

Central Franconian: fahre, foahre

Hunsrik: faare

Luxembourgish: fueren

German: fahren

Yiddish: פֿאָרן (forn)

From Proto-West Germanic *faran, from Proto-Germanic *faraną, whence also Old Saxon faran, Old Dutch faran, Old English faran, Old Norse fara, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran).


kennen

kennen (infinitive)
kennu (first-person present singular)
kanta (first-person past singular)
kennis (present second-person singular)
kennist (present second-person singular)
kantōs (past second-person singular)
kenntōst (past second-person singular)
kennit (present singular third-person)
kanta (past singular third-person)
kennem (first-person plural present)
kennemēs (first-person plural present)
kantum (first-person past plural)
kantumēs (first-person past plural)
kennet (plural present second-person)
kantut (past plural second-person)
kennent (plural present third-person)
kantun (past plural third-person)
kenne (first-person present singular)
kanti (first-person past singular)
kennēs (present second-person singular)
kennēst (present second-person singular)
kantīs (past second-person singular)
kantīst (past second-person singular)
kenne (present singular third-person)
kanti (past singular third-person)
kennēm (first-person plural present)
kennēn (first-person plural present)
kantīm (first-person past plural)
kantīn (first-person past plural)
kantīmēs (first-person past plural)
kennēt (plural present second-person)
kantīt (past plural second-person)
kennēn (plural present third-person)
kantīn (past plural third-person)
kenni (present singular)
kennet (plural present)
kennenti (present)
gikant (past)

Middle High German: kennen

German: kennen

From Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną.


sagen

sagēn (canonical)
sagēn (infinitive)
sagēm (first-person present singular)
sagēn (first-person present singular)
sagēta (first-person past singular)
sagēs (present second-person singular)
sagēst (present second-person singular)
sagētōs (past second-person singular)
sagētōst (past second-person singular)
sagēt (present singular third-person)
sagēta (past singular third-person)
sagēm (first-person plural present)
sagēmēs (first-person plural present)
sagētum (first-person past plural)
sagētumēs (first-person past plural)
sagēt (plural present second-person)
sagētut (past plural second-person)
sagēnt (plural present third-person)
sagētun (past plural third-person)
sage (first-person present singular)
sagēti (first-person past singular)
sagētīs (past second-person singular)
sagētīst (past second-person singular)
sage (present singular third-person)
sagēti (past singular third-person)
sagētīm (first-person past plural)
sagētīmēs (first-person past plural)
sagētīt (past plural second-person)
sagēn (plural present third-person)
sagētīn (past plural third-person)
sage (present singular)
sagēt (plural present)
sagēnti (present)
gisagēt (past)

Middle High German: sagen

Alemannic German: säge

Alsatian: soeje (near Fränkisch areas, in Northern Alsace), sawe (Central), sàge (South)

Swabian:

Sathmar Swabian: sage

Walser: sägä, séege, ŝchegi, ŝchége

Bavarian: sogn, sågn, song (phonetic spelling), soon (Timau), sång

Central Franconian: sage

German: sagen

Luxembourgish: soen

Vilamovian: ziön

Yiddish: זאָגן (zogn)

From Proto-West Germanic *saggjan, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną, whence also Old Saxon seggian, Old English secgan, Old Norse segja. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-.


nemen

third-person plural present subjunctive of nëman


hangen

hangēn (canonical)
hangēn (infinitive)
hangēm (first-person present singular)
hangēn (first-person present singular)
hangēta (first-person past singular)
hangēs (present second-person singular)
hangēst (present second-person singular)
hangētōs (past second-person singular)
hangētōst (past second-person singular)
hangēt (present singular third-person)
hangēta (past singular third-person)
hangēm (first-person plural present)
hangēmēs (first-person plural present)
hangētum (first-person past plural)
hangētumēs (first-person past plural)
hangēt (plural present second-person)
hangētut (past plural second-person)
hangēnt (plural present third-person)
hangētun (past plural third-person)
hange (first-person present singular)
hangēti (first-person past singular)
hangētīs (past second-person singular)
hangētīst (past second-person singular)
hange (present singular third-person)
hangēti (past singular third-person)
hangētīm (first-person past plural)
hangētīmēs (first-person past plural)
hangētīt (past plural second-person)
hangēn (plural present third-person)
hangētīn (past plural third-person)
hange (present singular)
hangēt (plural present)
hangēnti (present)
gihangēt (past)

Middle High German: hangen

German: hängen (merger with hāhen and hengen)

Switzerland German: hangen

>? Cimbrian: hangan


sis

second-person singular present subjunctive of wesan


rah

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of rëhhan


biz

second-person singular present imperative of bīȥan


rit

second-person singular present imperative of rītan


rites

second-person singular present subjunctive of rītan


stih

second-person singular present imperative of stëhhan


zeme

first/third-person singular present subjunctive of zëman


findan

findan (infinitive)
findu (first-person present singular)
findo (first-person present singular)
fand (first-person past singular)
findis (present second-person singular)
findist (present second-person singular)
fundi (past second-person singular)
findit (present singular third-person)
fand (past singular third-person)
findem (first-person plural present)
findemēs (first-person plural present)
fundum (first-person past plural)
fundumēs (first-person past plural)
findet (plural present second-person)
fundut (past plural second-person)
findant (plural present third-person)
fundun (past plural third-person)
finde (first-person present singular)
fundi (first-person past singular)
findēs (present second-person singular)
findēst (present second-person singular)
fundīs (past second-person singular)
fundīst (past second-person singular)
finde (present singular third-person)
fundi (past singular third-person)
findēm (first-person plural present)
fundīm (first-person past plural)
fundīmēs (first-person past plural)
findēt (plural present second-person)
fundīt (past plural second-person)
findēn (plural present third-person)
fundīn (past plural third-person)
find (present singular)
findet (plural present)
findanti (present)
gifundan (past)

desctree

Middle High German: vinden
Alemannic German: fianda (Vorarlberg)
Bavarian: findn
Cimbrian: vènnan, bènnan, vennen, vintan
Mòcheno: vinnen
Central Franconian: fenge
German: finden
Luxembourgish: fannen
Yiddish: געפֿינען (gefinen)

From Proto-West Germanic *finþan, from Proto-Germanic *finþaną. Cognate with Old Saxon findan, Old Dutch findan, Old English findan, Old Frisian finda, Old Norse finna, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (finþan).


nami

second-person singular past indicative of nëman

first/third-person singular past subjunctive of nëman


barut

second-person plural preterite indicative of bëran


azi

second-person singular preterite indicative of ëȥȥan

first/third-person singular preterite subjunctive of ëȥȥan


brennen

brennen (infinitive)
brennu (first-person present singular)
branta (first-person past singular)
brennis (present second-person singular)
brennist (present second-person singular)
brantōs (past second-person singular)
brenntōst (past second-person singular)
brennit (present singular third-person)
branta (past singular third-person)
brennem (first-person plural present)
brennemēs (first-person plural present)
brantum (first-person past plural)
brantumēs (first-person past plural)
brennet (plural present second-person)
brantut (past plural second-person)
brennent (plural present third-person)
brantun (past plural third-person)
brenne (first-person present singular)
branti (first-person past singular)
brennēs (present second-person singular)
brennēst (present second-person singular)
brantīs (past second-person singular)
brantīst (past second-person singular)
brenne (present singular third-person)
branti (past singular third-person)
brennēm (first-person plural present)
brennēn (first-person plural present)
brantīm (first-person past plural)
brantīn (first-person past plural)
brantīmēs (first-person past plural)
brennēt (plural present second-person)
brantīt (past plural second-person)
brennēn (plural present third-person)
brantīn (past plural third-person)
brenni (present singular)
brennet (plural present)
brennenti (present)
gibrant (past)

Middle High German: brennen

Bavarian: brenna

German: brennen

Luxembourgish: brennen

Yiddish: ברענען (brenen)

From Proto-West Germanic *brannijan, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną. Cognate with Old English bærnan, Old Saxon brinnan, Old Norse brenna.


ridan

Middle High German: rīden

German: reiden (dialectal)

→ Italian: riddare

From Proto-West Germanic *wrīþan, from Proto-Germanic *wrīþaną.


wesan

wësan (canonical)
wesan (infinitive)
bim (first-person present singular)
bin (first-person present singular)
was (first-person past singular)
bist (present second-person singular)
bis (present second-person singular)
wāri (past second-person singular)
ist (present singular third-person)
was (past singular third-person)
birum (first-person plural present)
birun (first-person plural present)
wārum (first-person past plural)
wārumēs (first-person past plural)
birut (plural present second-person)
wārut (past plural second-person)
sint (plural present third-person)
wārun (past plural third-person)
sī (first-person present singular)
wāri (first-person past singular)
sīs (present second-person singular)
sīst (present second-person singular)
wārīs (past second-person singular)
wārīst (past second-person singular)
sī (present singular third-person)
wāri (past singular third-person)
sīn (first-person plural present)
wārīm (first-person past plural)
wārīmēs (first-person past plural)
sīt (plural present second-person)
wārīt (past plural second-person)
sīn (plural present third-person)
wārīn (past plural third-person)
wis (present singular)
wesit (plural present)
wesanti (present)
giwesan (past)
sīn (alternative)

Middle High German: wësen

desc

Alemannic German: si, sii, siin, sinh, ŝchi

Swabian:

Bavarian: sain

Cimbrian: sain, soin, zèinan

Mòcheno: sai'

Northern Bavarian: [z̥ai̯]

Central Franconian: sein, senn, sinn

Hunsrik: sin

Luxembourgish: sinn

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: [saɪ]

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: zajn

East Franconian:

German: sein (all forms); Wesen

Rhine Franconian: sei, senn, sinn

Frankfurterisch: [sɑ̃ɪ]

Pennsylvania German: sei

Yiddish: זײַן (zayn)

From Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-.

jewäs

giwësan (past participle) (in some descendants, the strong -en ending was replaced by the weak -t ending, or elided)


bringan

bringan (infinitive)
bringu (first-person present singular)
bringo (first-person present singular)
brang (first-person past singular)
brāhta (first-person past singular)
bringis (present second-person singular)
bringist (present second-person singular)
brungi (past second-person singular)
bringit (present singular third-person)
brang (past singular third-person)
brāhta (past singular third-person)
bringem (first-person plural present)
bringemēs (first-person plural present)
brungum (first-person past plural)
brungumēs (first-person past plural)
bringet (plural present second-person)
brungut (past plural second-person)
bringant (plural present third-person)
brungun (past plural third-person)
bringe (first-person present singular)
brungi (first-person past singular)
bringēs (present second-person singular)
bringēst (present second-person singular)
brungīs (past second-person singular)
brungīst (past second-person singular)
bringe (present singular third-person)
brungi (past singular third-person)
bringēm (first-person plural present)
brungīm (first-person past plural)
brungīmēs (first-person past plural)
bringēt (plural present second-person)
brungīt (past plural second-person)
bringēn (plural present third-person)
brungīn (past plural third-person)
bring (present singular)
bringet (plural present)
bringanti (present)
gibrungan (past)
pringan (alternative)

Middle High German: bringen

Alemannic German: bringe

Cimbrian: prengen

Central Franconian: brenge

Hunsrik: bringe

Luxembourgish: bréngen

German: bringen

Rhine Franconian: brenge, bringe

Frankfurterisch: [pʀiŋg̥ə], (older) [pʀeŋə]

Pennsylvania German: bringe

Vilamovian: brengia

Yiddish: ברענגען (brengen)

From Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, whence also Old Saxon brengian, Old Dutch bringan, Old Frisian brenga, Old English bringan, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (briggan).


geban

gëban (canonical)
gëban (infinitive)
gibu (first-person present singular)
gibo (first-person present singular)
gab (first-person past singular)
gibis (present second-person singular)
gibist (present second-person singular)
gābi (past second-person singular)
gibit (present singular third-person)
gab (past singular third-person)
gëbem (first-person plural present)
gëbemēs (first-person plural present)
gābum (first-person past plural)
gābumēs (first-person past plural)
gëbet (plural present second-person)
gābut (past plural second-person)
gëbant (plural present third-person)
gābun (past plural third-person)
gëbe (first-person present singular)
gābi (first-person past singular)
gëbēs (present second-person singular)
gëbēst (present second-person singular)
gābīs (past second-person singular)
gābīst (past second-person singular)
gëbe (present singular third-person)
gābi (past singular third-person)
gëbēm (first-person plural present)
gābīm (first-person past plural)
gābīmēs (first-person past plural)
gëbēt (plural present second-person)
gābīt (past plural second-person)
gëbēn (plural present third-person)
gābīn (past plural third-person)
gib (present singular)
gëbet (plural present)
gëbanti (present)
gigëban (past)
keban (alternative)
kepan (alternative)
gevan (alternative)

Middle High German: gëben, (contracted) gēn, (Bavarian seldom) këben, (Central Franconian) gëven

Alemannic German: gë, gua, gää, gea

Bavarian: gebn

Cimbrian: gem, ghèban (Sette Comuni)

Central Franconian: jevve, jenn, gewe, gewwe, genn

Hunsrik: gewe

Luxembourgish: ginn

East Franconian: geb, gebe, gewe

German: geben

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: gewwe

Vilamovian: gaon, gann

Yiddish: געבן (gebn)

From Proto-West Germanic *geban, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną, whence also Old Saxon and Old Dutch gevan, Old English ġiefan, Old Norse gefa, Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-.


risan

rīsan (canonical)
rīsan (infinitive)
rīsu (first-person present singular)
rīso (first-person present singular)
reis (first-person past singular)
rīsis (present second-person singular)
rīsist (present second-person singular)
risi (past second-person singular)
rīsit (present singular third-person)
reis (past singular third-person)
rīsem (first-person plural present)
rīsemēs (first-person plural present)
risum (first-person past plural)
risumēs (first-person past plural)
rīset (plural present second-person)
risut (past plural second-person)
rīsant (plural present third-person)
risun (past plural third-person)
rīse (first-person present singular)
risi (first-person past singular)
rīsēs (present second-person singular)
rīsēst (present second-person singular)
risīs (past second-person singular)
risīst (past second-person singular)
rīse (present singular third-person)
risi (past singular third-person)
rīsēm (first-person plural present)
risīm (first-person past plural)
risīmēs (first-person past plural)
rīsēt (plural present second-person)
risīt (past plural second-person)
rīsēn (plural present third-person)
risīn (past plural third-person)
rīs (present singular)
rīset (plural present)
rīsanti (present)
girisan (past)

Middle High German: rīsen (“to fall, rise”)

German: reisen (“to fall”) (obsolete or dialectal)

From Proto-West Germanic *rīsan (“to rise”) with meaning reversal, see also Old Saxon rīsan, Old English rīsan, Old Norse rísa.


ritan

rītan (canonical)
rītan (infinitive)
rītu (first-person present singular)
rīto (first-person present singular)
reit (first-person past singular)
rītis (present second-person singular)
rītist (present second-person singular)
riti (past second-person singular)
rītit (present singular third-person)
reit (past singular third-person)
rītem (first-person plural present)
rītemēs (first-person plural present)
ritum (first-person past plural)
ritumēs (first-person past plural)
rītet (plural present second-person)
ritut (past plural second-person)
rītant (plural present third-person)
ritun (past plural third-person)
rīte (first-person present singular)
riti (first-person past singular)
rītēs (present second-person singular)
rītēst (present second-person singular)
ritīs (past second-person singular)
ritīst (past second-person singular)
rīte (present singular third-person)
riti (past singular third-person)
rītēm (first-person plural present)
ritīm (first-person past plural)
ritīmēs (first-person past plural)
rītēt (plural present second-person)
ritīt (past plural second-person)
rītēn (plural present third-person)
ritīn (past plural third-person)
rīt (present singular)
rītet (plural present)
rītanti (present)
giritan (past)

Middle High German: rîten

German: reiten

From Proto-West Germanic *rīdan, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ-. Cognate with Old Saxon rīdan, Old Dutch rīdan, Old English rīdan, Old Norse ríða.


siodan

siodan (infinitive)
siudu (first-person present singular)
siudo (first-person present singular)
sōd (first-person past singular)
siudis (present second-person singular)
siudist (present second-person singular)
sudi (past second-person singular)
siudit (present singular third-person)
sōd (past singular third-person)
siodem (first-person plural present)
siodemēs (first-person plural present)
sudum (first-person past plural)
sudumēs (first-person past plural)
siodet (plural present second-person)
sudut (past plural second-person)
siodant (plural present third-person)
sudun (past plural third-person)
siode (first-person present singular)
sudi (first-person past singular)
siodēs (present second-person singular)
siodēst (present second-person singular)
sudīs (past second-person singular)
sudīst (past second-person singular)
siode (present singular third-person)
sudi (past singular third-person)
siodēm (first-person plural present)
sudīm (first-person past plural)
sudīmēs (first-person past plural)
siodēt (plural present second-person)
sudīt (past plural second-person)
siodēn (plural present third-person)
sudīn (past plural third-person)
siud (present singular)
siodet (plural present)
siodanti (present)
gisodan (past)

Middle High German: sieden

German: sieden

From Proto-Germanic *seuþaną, whence also Old English sēoþan and Old Norse sjóða.


singan

singan (infinitive)
singu (first-person present singular)
singo (first-person present singular)
sang (first-person past singular)
singis (present second-person singular)
singist (present second-person singular)
sungi (past second-person singular)
singit (present singular third-person)
sang (past singular third-person)
singem (first-person plural present)
singemēs (first-person plural present)
sungum (first-person past plural)
sungumēs (first-person past plural)
singet (plural present second-person)
sungut (past plural second-person)
singant (plural present third-person)
sungun (past plural third-person)
singe (first-person present singular)
sungi (first-person past singular)
singēs (present second-person singular)
singēst (present second-person singular)
sungīs (past second-person singular)
sungīst (past second-person singular)
singe (present singular third-person)
sungi (past singular third-person)
singēm (first-person plural present)
sungīm (first-person past plural)
sungīmēs (first-person past plural)
singēt (plural present second-person)
sungīt (past plural second-person)
singēn (plural present third-person)
sungīn (past plural third-person)
sing (present singular)
singet (plural present)
singanti (present)
gisungan (past)

desctree

Middle High German: singen
Alemannic German:
Swabian:
Sathmar Swabian: singe
Bavarian: singa
Cimbrian: singen
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: singe
German: singen
Luxembourgish: sangen
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: singe
Yiddish: זינגען (zingen)

From Proto-West Germanic *singwan, from Proto-Germanic *singwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷʰ-.


swelgan

swëlgan (canonical)
swëlgan (infinitive)
swilgu (first-person present singular)
swilgo (first-person present singular)
swalg (first-person past singular)
swilgis (present second-person singular)
swilgist (present second-person singular)
swulgi (past second-person singular)
swilgit (present singular third-person)
swalg (past singular third-person)
swëlgem (first-person plural present)
swëlgemēs (first-person plural present)
swulgum (first-person past plural)
swulgumēs (first-person past plural)
swëlget (plural present second-person)
swulgut (past plural second-person)
swëlgant (plural present third-person)
swulgun (past plural third-person)
swëlge (first-person present singular)
swulgi (first-person past singular)
swëlgēs (present second-person singular)
swëlgēst (present second-person singular)
swulgīs (past second-person singular)
swulgīst (past second-person singular)
swëlge (present singular third-person)
swulgi (past singular third-person)
swëlgēm (first-person plural present)
swulgīm (first-person past plural)
swulgīmēs (first-person past plural)
swëlgēt (plural present second-person)
swulgīt (past plural second-person)
swëlgēn (plural present third-person)
swulgīn (past plural third-person)
swilg (present singular)
swëlget (plural present)
swëlganti (present)
giswolgan (past)
swëlhan (alternative)

Middle High German: swëlgen, swëlhen
German: schwelgen

From Proto-West Germanic *swelgan, from Proto-Germanic *swelganą.

(transitive, with accusative) to swallow


zam

first/third-person singular past indicative of zëman


bist

second-person singular present indicative of wesan


hullan

From Proto-West Germanic *hulljan, whence also Old English hyllan, Old Norse hylja.


lernen

lernēn (canonical)
lernēn (infinitive)
lernēm (first-person present singular)
lernēn (first-person present singular)
lernēta (first-person past singular)
lernēs (present second-person singular)
lernēst (present second-person singular)
lernētōs (past second-person singular)
lernētōst (past second-person singular)
lernēt (present singular third-person)
lernēta (past singular third-person)
lernēm (first-person plural present)
lernēmēs (first-person plural present)
lernētum (first-person past plural)
lernētumēs (first-person past plural)
lernēt (plural present second-person)
lernētut (past plural second-person)
lernēnt (plural present third-person)
lernētun (past plural third-person)
lerne (first-person present singular)
lernēti (first-person past singular)
lernētīs (past second-person singular)
lernētīst (past second-person singular)
lerne (present singular third-person)
lernēti (past singular third-person)
lernētīm (first-person past plural)
lernētīmēs (first-person past plural)
lernētīt (past plural second-person)
lernēn (plural present third-person)
lernētīn (past plural third-person)
lerne (present singular)
lernēt (plural present)
lernēnti (present)
gilernēt (past)
lirnēn (alternative)

Middle High German: lernen

Alemannic German: lërne, leernen, lérne

desc

Bavarian: learnan, learna, learn (Sappada, Sauris)

Cimbrian: liirnan, lirnan, lirnen

Mòcheno: learnen

German: lernen

Yiddish: לערנען (lernen)

From Proto-West Germanic *liʀnēn, akin to Old Dutch lernon, Old Frisian lernia, Old English leornian.


meinen

meinen (infinitive)
meinu (first-person present singular)
meinita (first-person past singular)
meinis (present second-person singular)
meinist (present second-person singular)
meinitōs (past second-person singular)
meintōst (past second-person singular)
meinit (present singular third-person)
meinita (past singular third-person)
meinem (first-person plural present)
meinemēs (first-person plural present)
meinitum (first-person past plural)
meinitumēs (first-person past plural)
meinet (plural present second-person)
meinitut (past plural second-person)
meinent (plural present third-person)
meinitun (past plural third-person)
meine (first-person present singular)
meiniti (first-person past singular)
meinēs (present second-person singular)
meinēst (present second-person singular)
meinitīs (past second-person singular)
meinitīst (past second-person singular)
meine (present singular third-person)
meiniti (past singular third-person)
meinēm (first-person plural present)
meinēn (first-person plural present)
meinitīm (first-person past plural)
meinitīn (first-person past plural)
meinitīmēs (first-person past plural)
meinēt (plural present second-person)
meinitīt (past plural second-person)
meinēn (plural present third-person)
meinitīn (past plural third-person)
meini (present singular)
meinet (plural present)
meinenti (present)
gimeinit (past)


niozan

nioȥan (canonical)
nioȥan (infinitive)
niuȥu (first-person present singular)
niuȥo (first-person present singular)
nōȥ (first-person past singular)
niuȥis (present second-person singular)
niuȥist (present second-person singular)
nuȥȥi (past second-person singular)
niuȥit (present singular third-person)
nōȥ (past singular third-person)
nioȥem (first-person plural present)
nioȥemēs (first-person plural present)
nuȥȥum (first-person past plural)
nuȥȥumēs (first-person past plural)
nioȥet (plural present second-person)
nuȥȥut (past plural second-person)
nioȥant (plural present third-person)
nuȥȥun (past plural third-person)
nioȥe (first-person present singular)
nuȥȥi (first-person past singular)
nioȥēs (present second-person singular)
nioȥēst (present second-person singular)
nuȥȥīs (past second-person singular)
nuȥȥīst (past second-person singular)
nioȥe (present singular third-person)
nuȥȥi (past singular third-person)
nioȥēm (first-person plural present)
nuȥȥīm (first-person past plural)
nuȥȥīmēs (first-person past plural)
nioȥēt (plural present second-person)
nuȥȥīt (past plural second-person)
nioȥēn (plural present third-person)
nuȥȥīn (past plural third-person)
niuȥ (present singular)
nioȥet (plural present)
nioȥanti (present)
ginoȥȥan (past)
nioȥȥan (alternative)

Middle High German: nieȥen

German: nießen

From Proto-West Germanic *neutan, akin to Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (niutan, “to catch, to reach”), Old Norse njóta, Old English nēotan.


koufo

first/third-person singular present subjunctive of koufōn

second-person singular present imperative of koufōn


koufon

koufōn (canonical)
koufōn (infinitive)
koufōm (first-person present singular)
koufōn (first-person present singular)
koufōta (first-person past singular)
koufōs (present second-person singular)
koufōst (present second-person singular)
koufōtōs (past second-person singular)
koufōtōst (past second-person singular)
koufōt (present singular third-person)
koufōta (past singular third-person)
koufōm (first-person plural present)
koufōmēs (first-person plural present)
koufōtum (first-person past plural)
koufōtumēs (first-person past plural)
koufōt (plural present second-person)
koufōtut (past plural second-person)
koufōnt (plural present third-person)
koufōtun (past plural third-person)
koufo (first-person present singular)
koufōti (first-person past singular)
koufōtīs (past second-person singular)
koufo (present singular third-person)
koufōti (past singular third-person)
koufōtīm (first-person past plural)
koufōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
koufōtīt (past plural second-person)
koufōn (plural present third-person)
koufōtīn (past plural third-person)
koufo (present singular)
koufōt (plural present)
koufōnti (present)
gikoufōt (past)
choufōn (alternative Alemannic Bavarian Upper-German)

Middle High German: koufen

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: köife

Swabian: kaafe

Bavarian: kaufn, kaffa

desc

Central Franconian: koofe, kaufe (Kölsch; Westerwald), koofn

East Franconian: kaafm

German: kaufen

Luxembourgish: kafen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: kaafe

Vilamovian: kaofja

Yiddish: קויפֿן (koyfn)

From Proto-West Germanic *kaupōn. Cognate with Old English ċēapian.


scolan

From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, akin to Old English sculan, Old Norse skulu.


swar

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of swëran


tuomen

Middle High German: tüemen

From Proto-West Germanic *dōmijan, akin to Old English dēman, Old Norse dæma.

tuomjan (alternative)
tuommen (alternative)


wizzan

desctree

Middle High German: wiȥȥen
Alemannic German: wüsse
Cimbrian: bizzan
Central Franconian: wesse, wösse, wosse (Eifel)
Hunsrik: wisse
Luxembourgish: wëssen
German: wissen
Vilamovian: wysa
Yiddish: וויסן (visn)

From Proto-West Germanic *witan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, whence also Old Dutch, Old Saxon, and Old English witan, Old Norse vita, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (witan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde, originally a perfect form of *weyd- (“see”).


wellen

willu (first-person present singular)
wille (first-person present singular)
willa (first-person present singular)
wolta (first-person preterite singular)
wili (present second-person singular)
wilis (present second-person singular)
woltōs (preterite second-person singular)
woltōst (preterite second-person singular)
wili (present singular third-person)
wilit (present singular third-person)
wolta (preterite singular third-person)
wellemēs (first-person plural present)
wellēn (first-person plural present)
woltum (first-person plural preterite)
woltun (first-person plural preterite)
woltumēs (first-person plural preterite)
wellet (plural present second-person)
woltut (plural preterite second-person)
wellent (plural present third-person)
woltun (plural preterite third-person)
welle (first-person present singular)
wolti (first-person past singular)
woltī (first-person past singular)
wellest (present second-person singular)
wellēst (present second-person singular)
woltīs (past second-person singular)
woltīst (past second-person singular)
welle (present singular third-person)
wolti (past singular third-person)
woltī (past singular third-person)
wellēmēs (first-person plural present)
woltīm (first-person past plural)
woltīn (first-person past plural)
woltīmēs (first-person past plural)
wellēt (plural present second-person)
woltīt (past plural second-person)
wellēn (plural present third-person)
woltīn (past plural third-person)
wellenti (imperative present)
willen (alternative)
wollen (alternative)

Middle High German: wellen, wollen, wöllen, wullen
Alemannic German: welle, wella, wölla
Swabian: wella
Bavarian: woian
Apetlonerisch: walln
Cimbrian: bölln, béllan (Sette Comuni)
Central Franconian: welle, wolle (non-native; but now common in some dialects via German)
Hunsrik: weele
Luxembourgish: wëllen
German: wollen
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: wolle
Yiddish: וועלן (veln)

A merger of Proto-West Germanic *willjan (“to want”) and Proto-West Germanic *walljan (“choose, select”).


weinon

Middle High German: weinen

German: weinen

From Proto-Germanic *wainōną. Akin to Old English wānian and Old Norse veina.


biben

bibēn (canonical)
bibēn (infinitive)
bibēm (first-person present singular)
bibēn (first-person present singular)
bibēta (first-person past singular)
bibēs (present second-person singular)
bibēst (present second-person singular)
bibētōs (past second-person singular)
bibētōst (past second-person singular)
bibēt (present singular third-person)
bibēta (past singular third-person)
bibēm (first-person plural present)
bibēmēs (first-person plural present)
bibētum (first-person past plural)
bibētumēs (first-person past plural)
bibēt (plural present second-person)
bibētut (past plural second-person)
bibēnt (plural present third-person)
bibētun (past plural third-person)
bibe (first-person present singular)
bibēti (first-person past singular)
bibētīs (past second-person singular)
bibētīst (past second-person singular)
bibe (present singular third-person)
bibēti (past singular third-person)
bibētīm (first-person past plural)
bibētīmēs (first-person past plural)
bibētīt (past plural second-person)
bibēn (plural present third-person)
bibētīn (past plural third-person)
bibe (present singular)
bibēt (plural present)
bibēnti (present)
gibibēt (past)

Middle High German: biben

Cimbrian: böoban

German: beben (influenced by Middle Low German beven)

Luxembourgish: biewen


borgen

borgēn (canonical)
borgēn (infinitive)
borgēm (first-person present singular)
borgēn (first-person present singular)
borgēta (first-person past singular)
borgēs (present second-person singular)
borgēst (present second-person singular)
borgētōs (past second-person singular)
borgētōst (past second-person singular)
borgēt (present singular third-person)
borgēta (past singular third-person)
borgēm (first-person plural present)
borgēmēs (first-person plural present)
borgētum (first-person past plural)
borgētumēs (first-person past plural)
borgēt (plural present second-person)
borgētut (past plural second-person)
borgēnt (plural present third-person)
borgētun (past plural third-person)
borge (first-person present singular)
borgēti (first-person past singular)
borgētīs (past second-person singular)
borgētīst (past second-person singular)
borge (present singular third-person)
borgēti (past singular third-person)
borgētīm (first-person past plural)
borgētīmēs (first-person past plural)
borgētīt (past plural second-person)
borgēn (plural present third-person)
borgētīn (past plural third-person)
borge (present singular)
borgēt (plural present)
borgēnti (present)
giborgēt (past)

Middle High German: borgen

German: borgen

From Proto-West Germanic *borgōn, from Proto-Germanic *burgōną; akin to Old English borġian.


dihton

Middle High German: tihten, *dihten

German: dichten


brehhan

brëhhan (canonical)
brëhhan (infinitive)
brihhu (first-person present singular)
brihho (first-person present singular)
brah (first-person past singular)
brihhis (present second-person singular)
brihhist (present second-person singular)
brāhhi (past second-person singular)
brihhit (present singular third-person)
brah (past singular third-person)
brëhhem (first-person plural present)
brëhhemēs (first-person plural present)
brāhhum (first-person past plural)
brāhhumēs (first-person past plural)
brëhhet (plural present second-person)
brāhhut (past plural second-person)
brëhhant (plural present third-person)
brāhhun (past plural third-person)
brëhhe (first-person present singular)
brāhhi (first-person past singular)
brëhhēs (present second-person singular)
brëhhēst (present second-person singular)
brāhhīs (past second-person singular)
brāhhīst (past second-person singular)
brëhhe (present singular third-person)
brāhhi (past singular third-person)
brëhhēm (first-person plural present)
brāhhīm (first-person past plural)
brāhhīmēs (first-person past plural)
brëhhēt (plural present second-person)
brāhhīt (past plural second-person)
brëhhēn (plural present third-person)
brāhhīn (past plural third-person)
brih (present singular)
brëhhet (plural present)
brëhhanti (present)
gibrohhan (past)
brëchan (alternative)

Middle High German: brëchen

German: brechen

Luxembourgish: briechen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: breche

Yiddish: ברעכן (brekhn)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: brachen (“to plow”)

⇒ Middle High German: brāchōt (“June”, literally “time of plowing”)

Alemannic German: Broochet

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: praachot

Mòcheno: prochet

German: Brachet

From Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, whence also Old Saxon brekan, Old English brecan, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.


badon

badōn (canonical)
badōn (infinitive)
badōm (first-person present singular)
badōn (first-person present singular)
badōta (first-person past singular)
badōs (present second-person singular)
badōst (present second-person singular)
badōtōs (past second-person singular)
badōtōst (past second-person singular)
badōt (present singular third-person)
badōta (past singular third-person)
badōm (first-person plural present)
badōmēs (first-person plural present)
badōtum (first-person past plural)
badōtumēs (first-person past plural)
badōt (plural present second-person)
badōtut (past plural second-person)
badōnt (plural present third-person)
badōtun (past plural third-person)
bado (first-person present singular)
badōti (first-person past singular)
badōtīs (past second-person singular)
bado (present singular third-person)
badōti (past singular third-person)
badōtīm (first-person past plural)
badōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
badōtīt (past plural second-person)
badōn (plural present third-person)
badōtīn (past plural third-person)
bado (present singular)
badōt (plural present)
badōnti (present)
gibadōt (past)

Middle High German: baden

Central Franconian: bade, boade

Hunsrik: baade

Luxembourgish: bueden

German: baden

Yiddish: באָדן (bodn)

From Proto-West Germanic *baþōn, whence also Old English baþian, Old Norse baða.


biginnan

biginnan (infinitive)
biginnu (first-person present singular)
biginno (first-person present singular)
bigan (first-person past singular)
bigonta (first-person past singular)
bigonda (first-person past singular)
biginnis (present second-person singular)
biginnist (present second-person singular)
bigunni (past second-person singular)
biginnit (present singular third-person)
bigan (past singular third-person)
bigonta (past singular third-person)
bigonda (past singular third-person)
biginnem (first-person plural present)
biginnemēs (first-person plural present)
bigunnum (first-person past plural)
bigunnumēs (first-person past plural)
biginnet (plural present second-person)
bigunnut (past plural second-person)
biginnant (plural present third-person)
bigunnun (past plural third-person)
biginne (first-person present singular)
bigunni (first-person past singular)
biginnēs (present second-person singular)
biginnēst (present second-person singular)
bigunnīs (past second-person singular)
bigunnīst (past second-person singular)
biginne (present singular third-person)
bigunni (past singular third-person)
biginnēm (first-person plural present)
bigunnīm (first-person past plural)
bigunnīmēs (first-person past plural)
biginnēt (plural present second-person)
bigunnīt (past plural second-person)
biginnēn (plural present third-person)
bigunnīn (past plural third-person)
bigin (present singular)
biginnet (plural present)
biginnanti (present)
bigunnan (past)

Middle High German: beginnen

German: beginnen

From Proto-West Germanic *biginnan, whence also Old Saxon and Old Dutch biginnan and Old English beginnan.


bizan

bīȥan (canonical)
bīȥan (infinitive)
bīȥu (first-person present singular)
bīȥo (first-person present singular)
beiȥ (first-person past singular)
bīȥis (present second-person singular)
bīȥist (present second-person singular)
biȥȥi (past second-person singular)
bīȥit (present singular third-person)
beiȥ (past singular third-person)
bīȥem (first-person plural present)
bīȥemēs (first-person plural present)
biȥȥum (first-person past plural)
biȥȥumēs (first-person past plural)
bīȥet (plural present second-person)
biȥȥut (past plural second-person)
bīȥant (plural present third-person)
biȥȥun (past plural third-person)
bīȥe (first-person present singular)
biȥȥi (first-person past singular)
bīȥēs (present second-person singular)
bīȥēst (present second-person singular)
biȥȥīs (past second-person singular)
biȥȥīst (past second-person singular)
bīȥe (present singular third-person)
biȥȥi (past singular third-person)
bīȥēm (first-person plural present)
biȥȥīm (first-person past plural)
biȥȥīmēs (first-person past plural)
bīȥēt (plural present second-person)
biȥȥīt (past plural second-person)
bīȥēn (plural present third-person)
biȥȥīn (past plural third-person)
bīȥ (present singular)
bīȥet (plural present)
bīȥanti (present)
gibiȥȥan (past)
bīȥȥan (alternative)
pīȥan (alternative Alemannic Bavarian Upper-German)
pīȥȥan (alternative)

Middle High German: bīȥen

German: beißen

⇒ Italian: bizza

From Proto-West Germanic *bītan, whence also Old English bītan and Old Norse bíta, Gothic 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).


bergan

bergan (infinitive)
birgu (first-person present singular)
birgo (first-person present singular)
barg (first-person past singular)
birgis (present second-person singular)
birgist (present second-person singular)
burgi (past second-person singular)
birgit (present singular third-person)
barg (past singular third-person)
bergem (first-person plural present)
bergemēs (first-person plural present)
burgum (first-person past plural)
burgumēs (first-person past plural)
berget (plural present second-person)
burgut (past plural second-person)
bergant (plural present third-person)
burgun (past plural third-person)
berge (first-person present singular)
burgi (first-person past singular)
bergēs (present second-person singular)
bergēst (present second-person singular)
burgīs (past second-person singular)
burgīst (past second-person singular)
berge (present singular third-person)
burgi (past singular third-person)
bergēm (first-person plural present)
burgīm (first-person past plural)
burgīmēs (first-person past plural)
bergēt (plural present second-person)
burgīt (past plural second-person)
bergēn (plural present third-person)
burgīn (past plural third-person)
birg (present singular)
berget (plural present)
berganti (present)
giborgan (past)
percan (alternative)

Middle High German: bergen

German: bergen, birgen

Luxembourgish: biergen


brestan

brestan (infinitive)
bristu (first-person present singular)
bristo (first-person present singular)
brast (first-person past singular)
bristis (present second-person singular)
bristist (present second-person singular)
brusti (past second-person singular)
bristit (present singular third-person)
brast (past singular third-person)
brestem (first-person plural present)
brestemēs (first-person plural present)
brustum (first-person past plural)
brustumēs (first-person past plural)
brestet (plural present second-person)
brustut (past plural second-person)
brestant (plural present third-person)
brustun (past plural third-person)
breste (first-person present singular)
brusti (first-person past singular)
brestēs (present second-person singular)
brestēst (present second-person singular)
brustīs (past second-person singular)
brustīst (past second-person singular)
breste (present singular third-person)
brusti (past singular third-person)
brestēm (first-person plural present)
brustīm (first-person past plural)
brustīmēs (first-person past plural)
brestēt (plural present second-person)
brustīt (past plural second-person)
brestēn (plural present third-person)
brustīn (past plural third-person)
brist (present singular)
brestet (plural present)
brestanti (present)
gibrostan (past)

Middle High German: brësten, bresten

German: bresten, bersten

From Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną.


biogan

biogan (infinitive)
biugu (first-person present singular)
biugo (first-person present singular)
boug (first-person past singular)
biugis (present second-person singular)
biugist (present second-person singular)
bugi (past second-person singular)
biugit (present singular third-person)
boug (past singular third-person)
biogem (first-person plural present)
biogemēs (first-person plural present)
bugum (first-person past plural)
bugumēs (first-person past plural)
bioget (plural present second-person)
bugut (past plural second-person)
biogant (plural present third-person)
bugun (past plural third-person)
bioge (first-person present singular)
bugi (first-person past singular)
biogēs (present second-person singular)
biogēst (present second-person singular)
bugīs (past second-person singular)
bugīst (past second-person singular)
bioge (present singular third-person)
bugi (past singular third-person)
biogēm (first-person plural present)
bugīm (first-person past plural)
bugīmēs (first-person past plural)
biogēt (plural present second-person)
bugīt (past plural second-person)
biogēn (plural present third-person)
bugīn (past plural third-person)
biug (present singular)
bioget (plural present)
bioganti (present)
gibogan (past)

Middle High German: biegen

German: biegen

Luxembourgish: béien

From Proto-West Germanic *beugan, from Proto-Germanic *beuganą. Cognate with Old English būgan.


bintan

bintan (infinitive)
bintu (first-person present singular)
binto (first-person present singular)
bant (first-person past singular)
bintis (present second-person singular)
bintist (present second-person singular)
bunti (past second-person singular)
bintit (present singular third-person)
bant (past singular third-person)
bintem (first-person plural present)
bintemēs (first-person plural present)
buntum (first-person past plural)
buntumēs (first-person past plural)
bintet (plural present second-person)
buntut (past plural second-person)
bintant (plural present third-person)
buntun (past plural third-person)
binte (first-person present singular)
bunti (first-person past singular)
bintēs (present second-person singular)
bintēst (present second-person singular)
buntīs (past second-person singular)
buntīst (past second-person singular)
binte (present singular third-person)
bunti (past singular third-person)
bintēm (first-person plural present)
buntīm (first-person past plural)
buntīmēs (first-person past plural)
bintēt (plural present second-person)
buntīt (past plural second-person)
bintēn (plural present third-person)
buntīn (past plural third-person)
bint (present singular)
bintet (plural present)
bintanti (present)
gibuntan (past)
pintan (alternative)

desctree

Middle High German: binden
Bavarian: bindn
German: binden
Luxembourgish: bannen

From Proto-West Germanic *bindan. Compare Old Saxon, Old Dutch, Old English bindan, Old Frisian/Old Norse binda.


biotan

biotan (infinitive)
biutu (first-person present singular)
biuto (first-person present singular)
bōt (first-person past singular)
biutis (present second-person singular)
biutist (present second-person singular)
buti (past second-person singular)
biutit (present singular third-person)
bōt (past singular third-person)
biotem (first-person plural present)
biotemēs (first-person plural present)
butum (first-person past plural)
butumēs (first-person past plural)
biotet (plural present second-person)
butut (past plural second-person)
biotant (plural present third-person)
butun (past plural third-person)
biote (first-person present singular)
buti (first-person past singular)
biotēs (present second-person singular)
biotēst (present second-person singular)
butīs (past second-person singular)
butīst (past second-person singular)
biote (present singular third-person)
buti (past singular third-person)
biotēm (first-person plural present)
butīm (first-person past plural)
butīmēs (first-person past plural)
biotēt (plural present second-person)
butīt (past plural second-person)
biotēn (plural present third-person)
butīn (past plural third-person)
biut (present singular)
biotet (plural present)
biotanti (present)
gibotan (past)

German: bieten

From Proto-West Germanic *beudan, akin to Old Saxon biodan, Old English bēodan, Old Norse bjóða, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (anabiudan).


briuwan

briuwan (infinitive)
briuwu (first-person present singular)
briuwo (first-person present singular)
brouw (first-person past singular)
briuwis (present second-person singular)
briuwist (present second-person singular)
bruwi (past second-person singular)
briuwit (present singular third-person)
brouw (past singular third-person)
briuwem (first-person plural present)
briuwemēs (first-person plural present)
bruwum (first-person past plural)
bruwumēs (first-person past plural)
briuwet (plural present second-person)
bruwut (past plural second-person)
briuwant (plural present third-person)
bruwun (past plural third-person)
briuwe (first-person present singular)
bruwi (first-person past singular)
briuwēs (present second-person singular)
briuwēst (present second-person singular)
bruwīs (past second-person singular)
bruwīst (past second-person singular)
briuwe (present singular third-person)
bruwi (past singular third-person)
briuwēm (first-person plural present)
bruwīm (first-person past plural)
bruwīmēs (first-person past plural)
briuwēt (plural present second-person)
bruwīt (past plural second-person)
briuwēn (plural present third-person)
bruwīn (past plural third-person)
briuw (present singular)
briuwet (plural present)
briuwanti (present)
gibruwan (past)

Middle High German: briuwen, brūwen

German: brauen

From Proto-West Germanic *breuwan, whence also Old English brēowan, Old Norse brugga.


dankon

dankōn (canonical)
dankōn (infinitive)
dankōm (first-person present singular)
dankōn (first-person present singular)
dankōta (first-person past singular)
dankōs (present second-person singular)
dankōst (present second-person singular)
dankōtōs (past second-person singular)
dankōtōst (past second-person singular)
dankōt (present singular third-person)
dankōta (past singular third-person)
dankōm (first-person plural present)
dankōmēs (first-person plural present)
dankōtum (first-person past plural)
dankōtumēs (first-person past plural)
dankōt (plural present second-person)
dankōtut (past plural second-person)
dankōnt (plural present third-person)
dankōtun (past plural third-person)
danko (first-person present singular)
dankōti (first-person past singular)
dankōtīs (past second-person singular)
danko (present singular third-person)
dankōti (past singular third-person)
dankōtīm (first-person past plural)
dankōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
dankōtīt (past plural second-person)
dankōn (plural present third-person)
dankōtīn (past plural third-person)
danko (present singular)
dankōt (plural present)
dankōnti (present)
gidankōt (past)
thankōn (alternative)

Middle High German: danken

Cimbrian: dånkan

German: danken

Luxembourgish: danken

Yiddish: דאַנקען (danken)

→⇒ Czech: děkovat

→⇒ Old Polish: dziękować
Polish: dziękować, dziekować (Middle Polish)
→ Kashubian: dzãkòwac
Silesian: dziynkować
→ Old Ruthenian: дѧ́ковати (djákovati), дєковати (djekovati), дѧкувати (djakuvati), дѧковать (djakovatʹ), дїѧковати (dijakovati), дъѧковати (dʺjakovati)
Belarusian: дзя́каваць (dzjákavacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: дя́ковати (djákovaty)
Ukrainian: дя́кувати (djákuvaty), дя́чувати (djáčuvaty); дє́кувати (djékuvaty) (dialectal)
→ Russian: дя́кувать (djákuvatʹ), дя́кать (djákatʹ) (dialectal)

→⇒ Russian: дя́ковать (djákovatʹ)

→⇒ Slovak: ďakovať

→⇒ Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źěkowaś

Upper Sorbian: dźakować

→⇒ Lithuanian: dėkoti

From Proto-West Germanic *þankōn, akin to Old English þancian, Old Norse þakka.


dringan

dringan (infinitive)
dringu (first-person present singular)
dringo (first-person present singular)
drang (first-person past singular)
dringis (present second-person singular)
dringist (present second-person singular)
drungi (past second-person singular)
dringit (present singular third-person)
drang (past singular third-person)
dringem (first-person plural present)
dringemēs (first-person plural present)
drungum (first-person past plural)
drungumēs (first-person past plural)
dringet (plural present second-person)
drungut (past plural second-person)
dringant (plural present third-person)
drungun (past plural third-person)
dringe (first-person present singular)
drungi (first-person past singular)
dringēs (present second-person singular)
dringēst (present second-person singular)
drungīs (past second-person singular)
drungīst (past second-person singular)
dringe (present singular third-person)
drungi (past singular third-person)
dringēm (first-person plural present)
drungīm (first-person past plural)
drungīmēs (first-person past plural)
dringēt (plural present second-person)
drungīt (past plural second-person)
dringēn (plural present third-person)
drungīn (past plural third-person)
dring (present singular)
dringet (plural present)
dringanti (present)
gidrongan (past)

Middle High German: dringen

German: dringen

From Proto-West Germanic *þringwan, from Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *trenkʷ- (“to beat, hew, press”).
Cognate with Old Saxon thringan (Low German dringen), Dutch dringen, Old English þringan (English thring), Old Norse þryngva, Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þreihan).


drucchen

drucchen (infinitive)
drucchu (first-person present singular)
druhta (first-person past singular)
drucchis (present second-person singular)
drucchist (present second-person singular)
druhtōs (past second-person singular)
drucchtōst (past second-person singular)
drucchit (present singular third-person)
druhta (past singular third-person)
drucchem (first-person plural present)
drucchemēs (first-person plural present)
druhtum (first-person past plural)
druhtumēs (first-person past plural)
drucchet (plural present second-person)
druhtut (past plural second-person)
drucchent (plural present third-person)
druhtun (past plural third-person)
drucche (first-person present singular)
druhti (first-person past singular)
drucchēs (present second-person singular)
drucchēst (present second-person singular)
druhtīs (past second-person singular)
druhtīst (past second-person singular)
drucche (present singular third-person)
druhti (past singular third-person)
drucchēm (first-person plural present)
drucchēn (first-person plural present)
druhtīm (first-person past plural)
druhtīn (first-person past plural)
druhtīmēs (first-person past plural)
drucchēt (plural present second-person)
druhtīt (past plural second-person)
drucchēn (plural present third-person)
druhtīn (past plural third-person)
drucchi (present singular)
drucchet (plural present)
drucchenti (present)
gidruht (past)
drukken (alternative)
drucchan (alternative)

Middle High German: drücken, drucken

Bavarian: druckn

Cimbrian: drukhan

desc

German: drücken (“press”), drucken (“print”)

→ Ladin: druché

→ Low German: drucken

desctree

→ Polish: drukować
→ Belarusian: друкава́ць (drukavácʹ)
→ Ukrainian: друкува́ти (drukuváty)

→ Yiddish: דרוקן (drukn)

Luxembourgish: drécken

Yiddish: דריקן (drikn)

From Proto-Germanic *þrukkijaną (“to press”).


draen

drāen (canonical)
draen (infinitive)
drau (first-person present singular)
drata (first-person past singular)
drais (present second-person singular)
draist (present second-person singular)
dratōs (past second-person singular)
dratōst (past second-person singular)
drait (present singular third-person)
drata (past singular third-person)
draem (first-person plural present)
draemēs (first-person plural present)
dratum (first-person past plural)
dratumēs (first-person past plural)
draet (plural present second-person)
dratut (past plural second-person)
draent (plural present third-person)
dratun (past plural third-person)
drae (first-person present singular)
drati (first-person past singular)
draēs (present second-person singular)
draēst (present second-person singular)
dratīs (past second-person singular)
dratīst (past second-person singular)
drae (present singular third-person)
drati (past singular third-person)
draēm (first-person plural present)
draēn (first-person plural present)
dratīm (first-person past plural)
dratīn (first-person past plural)
dratīmēs (first-person past plural)
draēt (plural present second-person)
dratīt (past plural second-person)
draēn (plural present third-person)
dratīn (past plural third-person)
drai (present singular)
draet (plural present)
draenti (present)
gidrat (past)

Middle High German: dræjen, dræn

Bavarian: drahn

Cimbrian: dréenan

desc

Central Franconian: driehe, drähe, drähne

Hunsrik: drehe

Luxembourgish: dréien, dréinen

German: drehen

Yiddish: דרייען (dreyen)

From Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną, akin to Old Saxon thrāian, Old English þrāwan.


dreskan

dreskan (infinitive)
drisku (first-person present singular)
drisko (first-person present singular)
drask (first-person past singular)
driskis (present second-person singular)
driskist (present second-person singular)
druski (past second-person singular)
driskit (present singular third-person)
drask (past singular third-person)
dreskem (first-person plural present)
dreskemēs (first-person plural present)
druskum (first-person past plural)
druskumēs (first-person past plural)
dresket (plural present second-person)
druskut (past plural second-person)
dreskant (plural present third-person)
druskun (past plural third-person)
dreske (first-person present singular)
druski (first-person past singular)
dreskēs (present second-person singular)
dreskēst (present second-person singular)
druskīs (past second-person singular)
druskīst (past second-person singular)
dreske (present singular third-person)
druski (past singular third-person)
dreskēm (first-person plural present)
druskīm (first-person past plural)
druskīmēs (first-person past plural)
dreskēt (plural present second-person)
druskīt (past plural second-person)
dreskēn (plural present third-person)
druskīn (past plural third-person)
drisk (present singular)
dresket (plural present)
dreskanti (present)
gidruskan (past)

Middle High German: dreschen

German: dreschen

From Proto-Germanic *þreskaną, akin to Old English þrescan, Old Norse þreskja, Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan).


dolen

dolēn (canonical)
dolēn (infinitive)
dolēm (first-person present singular)
dolēn (first-person present singular)
dolēta (first-person past singular)
dolēs (present second-person singular)
dolēst (present second-person singular)
dolētōs (past second-person singular)
dolētōst (past second-person singular)
dolēt (present singular third-person)
dolēta (past singular third-person)
dolēm (first-person plural present)
dolēmēs (first-person plural present)
dolētum (first-person past plural)
dolētumēs (first-person past plural)
dolēt (plural present second-person)
dolētut (past plural second-person)
dolēnt (plural present third-person)
dolētun (past plural third-person)
dole (first-person present singular)
dolēti (first-person past singular)
dolētīs (past second-person singular)
dolētīst (past second-person singular)
dole (present singular third-person)
dolēti (past singular third-person)
dolētīm (first-person past plural)
dolētīmēs (first-person past plural)
dolētīt (past plural second-person)
dolēn (plural present third-person)
dolētīn (past plural third-person)
dole (present singular)
dolēt (plural present)
dolēnti (present)
gidolēt (past)
dolōn (alternative)

Middle High German: doln

Alemannic German: tole

German: dolen

Luxembourgish: dëllen

⇒ Old High German: dulten

Middle High German: dulden

German: dulden


ezzan

ëȥȥan (canonical)
ëȥȥan (infinitive)
iȥȥu (first-person present singular)
iȥȥo (first-person present singular)
āȥ (first-person past singular)
iȥȥis (present second-person singular)
iȥȥist (present second-person singular)
āȥi (past second-person singular)
iȥȥit (present singular third-person)
āȥ (past singular third-person)
ëȥȥem (first-person plural present)
ëȥȥemēs (first-person plural present)
āȥum (first-person past plural)
āȥumēs (first-person past plural)
ëȥȥet (plural present second-person)
āȥut (past plural second-person)
ëȥȥant (plural present third-person)
āȥun (past plural third-person)
ëȥȥe (first-person present singular)
āȥi (first-person past singular)
ëȥȥēs (present second-person singular)
ëȥȥēst (present second-person singular)
āȥīs (past second-person singular)
āȥīst (past second-person singular)
ëȥȥe (present singular third-person)
āȥi (past singular third-person)
ëȥȥēm (first-person plural present)
āȥīm (first-person past plural)
āȥīmēs (first-person past plural)
ëȥȥēt (plural present second-person)
āȥīt (past plural second-person)
ëȥȥēn (plural present third-person)
āȥīn (past plural third-person)
iȥ (present singular)
ëȥȥet (plural present)
ëȥȥanti (present)
gëȥȥan (past)

Middle High German: ëȥȥen

Alemannic German: ässe

Walser: essen, ässä, asse, assu

Bavarian: eisn, essn, èssn

Cimbrian: èzzan, èssan, ezzan

Mòcheno: èssn

Central Franconian: äße, esse (Kölsch, northernmost Ripuarian), eaße (parts of Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: esse

German: essen

Luxembourgish: iessen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: esse

Vilamovian: aosa

Yiddish: עסן (esn)

From Proto-West Germanic *etan, akin to Old Saxon, Old Dutch, and Old English etan, Old Frisian ita, Old Norse eta, Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan).


fallan

fallan (infinitive)
fallu (first-person present singular)
fallo (first-person present singular)
fial (first-person past singular)
fallis (present second-person singular)
fallist (present second-person singular)
fiali (past second-person singular)
fallit (present singular third-person)
fial (past singular third-person)
fallem (first-person plural present)
fallemēs (first-person plural present)
fialum (first-person past plural)
fialumēs (first-person past plural)
fallet (plural present second-person)
fialut (past plural second-person)
fallant (plural present third-person)
fialun (past plural third-person)
falle (first-person present singular)
fiali (first-person past singular)
fallēs (present second-person singular)
fallēst (present second-person singular)
fialīs (past second-person singular)
fialīst (past second-person singular)
falle (present singular third-person)
fiali (past singular third-person)
fallēm (first-person plural present)
fialīm (first-person past plural)
fialīmēs (first-person past plural)
fallēt (plural present second-person)
fialīt (past plural second-person)
fallēn (plural present third-person)
fialīn (past plural third-person)
fall (present singular)
fallet (plural present)
fallanti (present)
gifallan (past)

Middle High German: vallen

Bavarian: foin

Cimbrian: vallan, ballan (Mezzaselva)

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: falle

Luxembourgish: falen

German: fallen

Yiddish: פֿאַלן (faln)

From Proto-West Germanic *fallan, from Proto-Germanic *fallaną.


faltan

faltan (infinitive)
faltu (first-person present singular)
falto (first-person present singular)
fialt (first-person past singular)
faltis (present second-person singular)
faltist (present second-person singular)
fialti (past second-person singular)
faltit (present singular third-person)
fialt (past singular third-person)
faltem (first-person plural present)
faltemēs (first-person plural present)
fialtum (first-person past plural)
fialtumēs (first-person past plural)
faltet (plural present second-person)
fialtut (past plural second-person)
faltant (plural present third-person)
fialtun (past plural third-person)
falte (first-person present singular)
fialti (first-person past singular)
faltēs (present second-person singular)
faltēst (present second-person singular)
fialtīs (past second-person singular)
fialtīst (past second-person singular)
falte (present singular third-person)
fialti (past singular third-person)
faltēm (first-person plural present)
fialtīm (first-person past plural)
fialtīmēs (first-person past plural)
faltēt (plural present second-person)
fialtīt (past plural second-person)
faltēn (plural present third-person)
fialtīn (past plural third-person)
falt (present singular)
faltet (plural present)
faltanti (present)
gifaltan (past)

From Proto-West Germanic *falþan with -t- from the past forms, generalized probably by analogy with haltan, waltan.


fliogan

fliogan (infinitive)
fliugu (first-person present singular)
fliugo (first-person present singular)
floug (first-person past singular)
fliugis (present second-person singular)
fliugist (present second-person singular)
flugi (past second-person singular)
fliugit (present singular third-person)
floug (past singular third-person)
fliogem (first-person plural present)
fliogemēs (first-person plural present)
flugum (first-person past plural)
flugumēs (first-person past plural)
flioget (plural present second-person)
flugut (past plural second-person)
fliogant (plural present third-person)
flugun (past plural third-person)
flioge (first-person present singular)
flugi (first-person past singular)
fliogēs (present second-person singular)
fliogēst (present second-person singular)
flugīs (past second-person singular)
flugīst (past second-person singular)
flioge (present singular third-person)
flugi (past singular third-person)
fliogēm (first-person plural present)
flugīm (first-person past plural)
flugīmēs (first-person past plural)
fliogēt (plural present second-person)
flugīt (past plural second-person)
fliogēn (plural present third-person)
flugīn (past plural third-person)
fliug (present singular)
flioget (plural present)
flioganti (present)
giflogan (past)
fliocan (alternative)

Middle High German: vliegen

Central Franconian: fleeje

German: fliegen

Luxembourgish: fléien

Yiddish: פֿליִען (flien)

From Proto-West Germanic *fleugan. Compare Old Saxon and Old Dutch fliogan, Old English flēogan, Old Norse fljúga.


fliohan

fliohan (infinitive)
fliuhu (first-person present singular)
fliuho (first-person present singular)
flōh (first-person past singular)
fliuhis (present second-person singular)
fliuhist (present second-person singular)
flugi (past second-person singular)
fliuhit (present singular third-person)
flōh (past singular third-person)
fliohem (first-person plural present)
fliohemēs (first-person plural present)
flugum (first-person past plural)
flugumēs (first-person past plural)
fliohet (plural present second-person)
flugut (past plural second-person)
fliohant (plural present third-person)
flugun (past plural third-person)
fliohe (first-person present singular)
flugi (first-person past singular)
fliohēs (present second-person singular)
fliohēst (present second-person singular)
flugīs (past second-person singular)
flugīst (past second-person singular)
fliohe (present singular third-person)
flugi (past singular third-person)
fliohēm (first-person plural present)
flugīm (first-person past plural)
flugīmēs (first-person past plural)
fliohēt (plural present second-person)
flugīt (past plural second-person)
fliohēn (plural present third-person)
flugīn (past plural third-person)
fliuh (present singular)
fliohet (plural present)
fliohanti (present)
giflogan (past)

Middle High German: vliehen

Alemannic German: flie

German: fliehen

From Proto-West Germanic *fleuhan, from Proto-Germanic *fleuhaną, whence also Old Saxon fliohan, Old English flēon, Old Norse flýja.


fehtan

fehtan (infinitive)
fihtu (first-person present singular)
fihto (first-person present singular)
faht (first-person past singular)
fihtis (present second-person singular)
fihtist (present second-person singular)
fuhti (past second-person singular)
fihtit (present singular third-person)
faht (past singular third-person)
fehtem (first-person plural present)
fehtemēs (first-person plural present)
fuhtum (first-person past plural)
fuhtumēs (first-person past plural)
fehtet (plural present second-person)
fuhtut (past plural second-person)
fehtant (plural present third-person)
fuhtun (past plural third-person)
fehte (first-person present singular)
fuhti (first-person past singular)
fehtēs (present second-person singular)
fehtēst (present second-person singular)
fuhtīs (past second-person singular)
fuhtīst (past second-person singular)
fehte (present singular third-person)
fuhti (past singular third-person)
fehtēm (first-person plural present)
fuhtīm (first-person past plural)
fuhtīmēs (first-person past plural)
fehtēt (plural present second-person)
fuhtīt (past plural second-person)
fehtēn (plural present third-person)
fuhtīn (past plural third-person)
fiht (present singular)
fehtet (plural present)
fehtanti (present)
gifohtan (past)

Middle High German: vëhten

Alemannic German: fëchte

desctree

German: fechten
→ Russian: фехтовать (fextovatʹ)

From Proto-West Germanic *fehtan, from Proto-Germanic *fehtaną.


flehan

flēhan (canonical)
flēhan (infinitive)
flēhu (first-person present singular)
flēho (first-person present singular)
fliah (first-person past singular)
flēhis (present second-person singular)
flēhist (present second-person singular)
fliahi (past second-person singular)
flēhit (present singular third-person)
fliah (past singular third-person)
flēhem (first-person plural present)
flēhemēs (first-person plural present)
fliahum (first-person past plural)
fliahumēs (first-person past plural)
flēhet (plural present second-person)
fliahut (past plural second-person)
flēhant (plural present third-person)
fliahun (past plural third-person)
flēhe (first-person present singular)
fliahi (first-person past singular)
flēhēs (present second-person singular)
flēhēst (present second-person singular)
fliahīs (past second-person singular)
fliahīst (past second-person singular)
flēhe (present singular third-person)
fliahi (past singular third-person)
flēhēm (first-person plural present)
fliahīm (first-person past plural)
fliahīmēs (first-person past plural)
flēhēt (plural present second-person)
fliahīt (past plural second-person)
flēhēn (plural present third-person)
fliahīn (past plural third-person)
flēh (present singular)
flēhet (plural present)
flēhanti (present)
giflēhan (past)

German: flehen


fuolen

fuolen (infinitive)
fuolu (first-person present singular)
fuolta (first-person past singular)
fuolis (present second-person singular)
fuolist (present second-person singular)
fuoltōs (past second-person singular)
fuoltōst (past second-person singular)
fuolit (present singular third-person)
fuolta (past singular third-person)
fuolem (first-person plural present)
fuolemēs (first-person plural present)
fuoltum (first-person past plural)
fuoltumēs (first-person past plural)
fuolet (plural present second-person)
fuoltut (past plural second-person)
fuolent (plural present third-person)
fuoltun (past plural third-person)
fuole (first-person present singular)
fuolti (first-person past singular)
fuolēs (present second-person singular)
fuolēst (present second-person singular)
fuoltīs (past second-person singular)
fuoltīst (past second-person singular)
fuole (present singular third-person)
fuolti (past singular third-person)
fuolēm (first-person plural present)
fuolēn (first-person plural present)
fuoltīm (first-person past plural)
fuoltīn (first-person past plural)
fuoltīmēs (first-person past plural)
fuolēt (plural present second-person)
fuoltīt (past plural second-person)
fuolēn (plural present third-person)
fuoltīn (past plural third-person)
fuoli (present singular)
fuolet (plural present)
fuolenti (present)
gifuolt (past)
fuoljan (alternative)
fuolōn (alternative)

Middle High German: vüelen

desc

Central Franconian: föhle, vöhle, fehle, fiehle

Bavarian: fuin, fühn

Cimbrian: füulan

German: fühlen

Luxembourgish: fillen

From Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).


fullen

fullen (infinitive)
fullu (first-person present singular)
fulta (first-person past singular)
fullis (present second-person singular)
fullist (present second-person singular)
fultōs (past second-person singular)
fulltōst (past second-person singular)
fullit (present singular third-person)
fulta (past singular third-person)
fullem (first-person plural present)
fullemēs (first-person plural present)
fultum (first-person past plural)
fultumēs (first-person past plural)
fullet (plural present second-person)
fultut (past plural second-person)
fullent (plural present third-person)
fultun (past plural third-person)
fulle (first-person present singular)
fulti (first-person past singular)
fullēs (present second-person singular)
fullēst (present second-person singular)
fultīs (past second-person singular)
fultīst (past second-person singular)
fulle (present singular third-person)
fulti (past singular third-person)
fullēm (first-person plural present)
fullēn (first-person plural present)
fultīm (first-person past plural)
fultīn (first-person past plural)
fultīmēs (first-person past plural)
fullēt (plural present second-person)
fultīt (past plural second-person)
fullēn (plural present third-person)
fultīn (past plural third-person)
fulli (present singular)
fullet (plural present)
fullenti (present)
gifult (past)

Middle High German: vüllen

Bavarian: fuin, fülln, fün

Cimbrian: vüllan, büllan (Mezzaselva)

German: füllen

Luxembourgish: fëllen

From Proto-West Germanic *fullijan, see also Old Saxon fullian, Dutch vullen, Old English fyllan, Old Norse fylla, Gothic 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fulljan).


ginen

ginēn (canonical)
ginēn (infinitive)
ginēm (first-person present singular)
ginēn (first-person present singular)
ginēta (first-person past singular)
ginēs (present second-person singular)
ginēst (present second-person singular)
ginētōs (past second-person singular)
ginētōst (past second-person singular)
ginēt (present singular third-person)
ginēta (past singular third-person)
ginēm (first-person plural present)
ginēmēs (first-person plural present)
ginētum (first-person past plural)
ginētumēs (first-person past plural)
ginēt (plural present second-person)
ginētut (past plural second-person)
ginēnt (plural present third-person)
ginētun (past plural third-person)
gine (first-person present singular)
ginēti (first-person past singular)
ginētīs (past second-person singular)
ginētīst (past second-person singular)
gine (present singular third-person)
ginēti (past singular third-person)
ginētīm (first-person past plural)
ginētīmēs (first-person past plural)
ginētīt (past plural second-person)
ginēn (plural present third-person)
ginētīn (past plural third-person)
gine (present singular)
ginēt (plural present)
ginēnti (present)
giginēt (past)
ginōn (alternative)

Middle High German: ginen, genen

German: gähnen

From Proto-Germanic *ginōną, akin to Old English ġinian.


beton

betōn (canonical)
betōn (infinitive)
betōm (first-person present singular)
betōn (first-person present singular)
betōta (first-person past singular)
betōs (present second-person singular)
betōst (present second-person singular)
betōtōs (past second-person singular)
betōtōst (past second-person singular)
betōt (present singular third-person)
betōta (past singular third-person)
betōm (first-person plural present)
betōmēs (first-person plural present)
betōtum (first-person past plural)
betōtumēs (first-person past plural)
betōt (plural present second-person)
betōtut (past plural second-person)
betōnt (plural present third-person)
betōtun (past plural third-person)
beto (first-person present singular)
betōti (first-person past singular)
betōtīs (past second-person singular)
beto (present singular third-person)
betōti (past singular third-person)
betōtīm (first-person past plural)
betōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
betōtīt (past plural second-person)
betōn (plural present third-person)
betōtīn (past plural third-person)
beto (present singular)
betōt (plural present)
betōnti (present)
gibetōt (past)

Middle High German: beten

German: beten

From Proto-West Germanic *bed (“prayer, request, plea”) + -ōn. Related to Old English ġebedian (“to pray”) (modern English bead).


geltan

geltan (infinitive)
giltu (first-person present singular)
gilto (first-person present singular)
galt (first-person past singular)
giltis (present second-person singular)
giltist (present second-person singular)
gulti (past second-person singular)
giltit (present singular third-person)
galt (past singular third-person)
geltem (first-person plural present)
geltemēs (first-person plural present)
gultum (first-person past plural)
gultumēs (first-person past plural)
geltet (plural present second-person)
gultut (past plural second-person)
geltant (plural present third-person)
gultun (past plural third-person)
gelte (first-person present singular)
gulti (first-person past singular)
geltēs (present second-person singular)
geltēst (present second-person singular)
gultīs (past second-person singular)
gultīst (past second-person singular)
gelte (present singular third-person)
gulti (past singular third-person)
geltēm (first-person plural present)
gultīm (first-person past plural)
gultīmēs (first-person past plural)
geltēt (plural present second-person)
gultīt (past plural second-person)
geltēn (plural present third-person)
gultīn (past plural third-person)
gilt (present singular)
geltet (plural present)
geltanti (present)
gigoltan (past)

Middle High German: gëlten

Cimbrian: ghèltan

German: gelten

Luxembourgish: gëllen

From Proto-West Germanic *geldan.
Cognates
Cognates include Old Saxon geldan, Dutch gelden, Old English ġieldan (English yield), Old Norse gjalda, (Danish gælde, Swedish gälla), Gothic *𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*gildan).


giozan

giozan (infinitive)
giuzu (first-person present singular)
giuzo (first-person present singular)
gouz (first-person past singular)
giuzis (present second-person singular)
giuzist (present second-person singular)
guzzi (past second-person singular)
giuzit (present singular third-person)
gouz (past singular third-person)
giozem (first-person plural present)
giozemēs (first-person plural present)
guzzum (first-person past plural)
guzzumēs (first-person past plural)
giozet (plural present second-person)
guzzut (past plural second-person)
giozant (plural present third-person)
guzzun (past plural third-person)
gioze (first-person present singular)
guzzi (first-person past singular)
giozēs (present second-person singular)
giozēst (present second-person singular)
guzzīs (past second-person singular)
guzzīst (past second-person singular)
gioze (present singular third-person)
guzzi (past singular third-person)
giozēm (first-person plural present)
guzzīm (first-person past plural)
guzzīmēs (first-person past plural)
giozēt (plural present second-person)
guzzīt (past plural second-person)
giozēn (plural present third-person)
guzzīn (past plural third-person)
giuz (present singular)
giozet (plural present)
giozanti (present)
gigozzan (past)

Middle High German: giezen

German: gießen

→ French: gueuse, guise (“pig iron”)

desctree

→ Italian: ghisa (“cast iron”)
→ Cimbrian: ghiiza

Luxembourgish: géissen

Yiddish: גיסן (gisn)

From Proto-West Germanic *geutan, from Proto-Germanic *geutaną, akin to Old English ġēotan.