aband

āband (canonical masculine)
āband (nominative singular)
ābanda (nominative plural)
āband (accusative singular)
ābanda (accusative plural)
ābandes (genitive singular)
ābando (genitive plural)
ābande (dative singular)
ābandum (dative plural)
ābandu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: ābent

Alemannic German: Obad, Obid

Swabian: Obad

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: aabend

Central Franconian: Oovend

Hunsrik: Ovend

Kölsch: Ovend

Luxembourgish: Owend

East Central German: Ohmd, Oomd

German: Abend

Rhine Franconian: Owed, Owend

Pennsylvania German: Owed

Vilamovian: ȫwyt

Yiddish: אָוונט (ovnt)

→ North Frisian: Oabend

From Proto-West Germanic *ābanþ, from Proto-Germanic *ēbanþs.


most

German: Most


fart

German: Fahrt

From Proto-West Germanic *fardi, from Proto-Germanic *fardiz, whence also Old English fierd, Old Norse ferð.


is

Middle High German: īs

Alemannic German: Iis, Is, Isch

Alsatian: Iis; Eis (northern)

Italian Walser: isch, éisch

Bavarian: ais

Cimbrian: ais

Mòcheno: ais

Central Franconian: Eis, Ies

Hunsrik: Eis

Luxembourgish: Äis

Transylvanian Saxon: Ais

German: Eis

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurt: [ais]

Pennsylvania German: Eis

Vilamovian: ajs

Yiddish: אײַז (ayz)

From Proto-West Germanic *īs. Compare Old Saxon īs, Old English īs, Old Norse íss.


wolf

wolfa (plural)
wolf (nominative singular)
wolfa (nominative plural)
wolf (accusative singular)
wolfa (accusative plural)
wolfes (genitive singular)
wolfo (genitive plural)
wolfe (dative singular)
wolfum (dative plural)
wolfu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: wolf
Alemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)
Bavarian: Woif, Wolf
Cimbrian: bolf
Mòcheno: bolf
Udinese: bolf, bölf
German: Wolf
Hunsrik: Wollef
Luxembourgish: Wollef
Pennsylvania German: Wolf
Vilamovian: wūf
Yiddish: וואָלף (volf)

From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz.


henna

Middle High German: henne

Cimbrian: hénna, henn (Luserna)

German: Henne

From Proto-West Germanic *hannju (“hen”). Compare Old English henn, hænn, also Old Norse hœna. See also huon.


bank

Middle High German: banc, bank

Bavarian: Bånk

German: Bank
→ Danish: bank
→ Norwegian Bokmål: bank

Luxembourgish: Bänk

Pennsylvania German: Bank

→ Old French: banc

French: banc (see there for further descendants)

Norman: banc

→ Middle English: bank, banke

English: bank (see there for further descendants)

→ Galician: banco

→ Spanish: banco (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Italian: banco, banca

Italian: banco, banca (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Italian: banchetto (see there for further descendants)

→ Byzantine Greek: πάγκος (pánkos)

Greek: πάγκος (págkos)

→ Middle French: banque (see there for further descendants)

→ German: Bank (see there for further descendants)

→ Medieval Latin: bancus, banca


stand

From Proto-Germanic *standaz, related to the verb *stāną (“to stand”), whence also Old English stand.


lob

German: Lob


hunt

hunt (nominative singular)
hunta (nominative plural)
hunt (accusative singular)
hunta (accusative plural)
huntes (genitive singular)
hunto (genitive plural)
hunte (dative singular)
huntum (dative plural)
huntu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: hunt

Alemannic German: Hund

Alsatian: Hund

Swabian: Hond

Walser: hun, hund, hunn, hònn

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hunt

Mòcheno: hunt

Udinese: hunt

desc

Central Franconian: Hond, Honk (most dialects of Ripuarian); Hongk (Aachen); Hunk (Kölsch), Honk

Hunsrik: Hund

Kölsch: Hunk, Hungk

German: Hund

→ Esperanto: hundo

Ido: hundo

Luxembourgish: Hond

Vilamovian: hund

Yiddish: הונט (hunt)


hut

hūt (canonical feminine)
hūt (nominative singular)
hūti (nominative plural)
hūt (accusative singular)
hūti (accusative plural)
hūti (genitive singular)
hūto (genitive plural)
hūti (dative singular)
hūtim (dative plural)
hūten (dative plural)

Middle High German: hūt

Alemannic German: Hutt

Walser: Huut

Cimbrian: haut

Central Franconian: Hock, Hout (Moselle Franconian); Huut (western Ripuarian); Huck (Kölsch)

Hunsrik: Haut, haut

German: Haut

Luxembourgish: Haut

Yiddish: הויט (hoyt)

From Proto-West Germanic *hūdi, from Proto-Germanic *hūdiz, whence also Old English hyd, Old Norse húð.


amber

Middle High German: amper, amber, eimber, eimer

German: Eimer, Amper

Luxembourgish: Eemer


al

āl (canonical masculine)
āl (nominative singular)
āla (nominative plural)
āl (accusative singular)
āla (accusative plural)
āles (genitive singular)
ālo (genitive plural)
āle (dative singular)
ālum (dative plural)
ālu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: āl

German: Aal

Hunsrik: Ool

Luxembourgish: Éil

From Proto-West Germanic *āl, whence also Old English ǣl, Old Norse áll.


rato

Middle High German: ratte, rate

German: Ratte

Luxembourgish: Rat

From Proto-West Germanic *ratō, from Proto-Germanic *raþô, *ruttô, *rattaz (“rat”). See German Ratte.


pizza

offa

[, Codex Vindobonensis 804, p. 173a; Codex Wirziburgensis Mp. th. 4⁰ 60, p. 104b

(Lombardic) Alternative form of bizza (“morsel, chunk”)


arm

arm (nominative singular)
arma (nominative plural)
arm (accusative singular)
arma (accusative plural)
armes (genitive singular)
armo (genitive plural)
arme (dative singular)
armum (dative plural)
armu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: arm, arn

Alemannic German: Aare, Arm, Are, Arme

Bavarian: Oarm

Cimbrian: arm

desc

Central Franconian: Ärm, Arm, Orm (Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: Aarem

German: Arm

Luxembourgish: Aarm

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Aarm

Yiddish: אָרעם (orem)

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ermos, *h₂ŕ̥mos, whence also Old English arm, Old Norse armr.


nada

nāda (canonical feminine)
nāda (nominative singular)
nādā (nominative plural)
nāda (accusative singular)
nādā (accusative plural)
nāda (genitive singular)
nādōno (genitive plural)
nādu (dative singular)
nādōm (dative plural)


man

man (nominative singular)
manna (nominative plural)
man (accusative singular)
manna (accusative plural)
mannes (genitive singular)
manno (genitive plural)
manne (dative singular)
mannum (dative plural)
mannu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: man

Alemannic German: ma, mà, Maa, Mann, Mànn, mo, ma'

Swabian: Ma, Mâ, Mô, Mâo, Mâu

Bavarian: mon, mònn, moon, ma'

Cimbrian: man, mann, månn

Mòcheno: mònn

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Mann

East Central German:

Silesian East Central German: Moan

German: Mann, man

Luxembourgish: Mann

Transylvanian Saxon: Mouen, Mäun

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Mann

Yiddish: מאַן (man)

From Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.


got

got (nominative singular)
gota (nominative plural)
got (accusative singular)
gota (accusative plural)
gotes (genitive singular)
goto (genitive plural)
gote (dative singular)
gotum (dative plural)
gotu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: got

Alemannic German: Gott

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: Gott

Mòcheno: Gott

Central Franconian: Jott

German: Gott

Luxembourgish: Gott

Yiddish: גאָט (got)

From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós.
Compare Old Saxon, Old Frisian, and Old English god, Old Dutch got, Old Norse guð, Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌸 (guþ).


burst

Middle High German: burst, borst, burste, borste

Bavarian: Biaschtn

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Berst

Luxembourgish: Buuscht, Biischt

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: bèrschd

German: Borste, Bürste

From Proto-West Germanic *bursti, from Proto-Germanic *burstiz.


sprung

sprung (nominative singular)
sprunga (nominative plural)
sprung (accusative singular)
sprunga (accusative plural)
sprunges (genitive singular)
sprungo (genitive plural)
sprunge (dative singular)
sprungum (dative plural)
sprungu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: sprung

German: Sprung

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz, related to *springaną. Compare Dutch sprong.


er

Middle High German: er

Alemannic German: Eer

⇒ Alemannic German: eerig

⇒ Old High German: ērīn

Middle High German: ērīn

German: ehern

From Proto-Germanic *aiz, akin to Old English ār, Old Norse eir.


stank

From Proto-Germanic *stankwaz, whence also Old English stenċ.


vel

German: Fell

From Proto-West Germanic *fell, whence also Old English fell.


thing

thing (nominative singular)
thing (nominative plural)
thing (accusative singular)
thing (accusative plural)
thinges (genitive singular)
thingo (genitive plural)
thinge (dative singular)
thingum (dative plural)
thingu (instrumental singular)


era

ēra (canonical feminine)
ēra (nominative singular)
ērā (nominative plural)
ēra (accusative singular)
ērā (accusative plural)
ēra (genitive singular)
ērōno (genitive plural)
ēru (dative singular)
ērōm (dative plural)

German: Ehre

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō, whence also Old English ār, Old Norse eir.


sin

sin (nominative singular)
sina (nominative plural)
sin (accusative singular)
sina (accusative plural)
sines (genitive singular)
sino (genitive plural)
sine (dative singular)
sinum (dative plural)
sinu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: sin

German: Sinn

Luxembourgish: Sënn

Yiddish: זין (zin)


ring

ring (nominative singular)
ringa (nominative plural)
ring (accusative singular)
ringa (accusative plural)
ringes (genitive singular)
ringo (genitive plural)
ringe (dative singular)
ringum (dative plural)
ringu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: rinc, ring

German: Ring

Luxembourgish: Rank

Yiddish: רינג (ring)


wal

wal (nominative singular)
wala (nominative plural)
wal (accusative singular)
wala (accusative plural)
wales (genitive singular)
walo (genitive plural)
wale (dative singular)
walum (dative plural)
walu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: wal

desctree

German: Wal
→ Estonian: vaal
→ Luxembourgish: Wal

From Proto-West Germanic *hwal, from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”). Cognate with Old English hwæl, Old Norse hvalr, Old Saxon hwal.


want

Middle High German: want

desc

Central Franconian: Wand, Wank (Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects)

Cimbrian: bant

German: Wand

Hunsrik: Wand

Luxembourgish: Wand

Pennsylvania German: Wand

Vilamovian: waond

Yiddish: וואַנט (vant)

From Proto-Germanic *wanduz (“stick, rod; barrier made of sticks, fence”), whence also Old Norse vǫndr, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (wandus).


nazi

nazī (canonical feminine)
nazī (nominative singular)
nazī (accusative singular)
nazī (genitive singular)
nazī (dative singular)

Middle High German: neʒʒe

Alemannic German: Nässi

German: Nässe

Vilamovian: ness, nessa


boc

German: Bock

From Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, whence also Old English buc, Old Norse bukkr; from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”).


stein

stein (nominative singular)
steina (nominative plural)
stein (accusative singular)
steina (accusative plural)
steines (genitive singular)
steino (genitive plural)
steine (dative singular)
steinum (dative plural)
steinu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: stein

Alemannic German: Steei

Swabian: Schdoi, Schdoa

desc

Bavarian: Staa, Stan, Stoa, Stoan, Stuan

Central Franconian: Stään, Steen, Stein

Hunsrik: Steen, xtayn

Transylvanian Saxon: Stien

German: Stein

Luxembourgish: Steen

Vilamovian: śtan

Yiddish: שטיין (shteyn)

From Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.


mus

mūs (canonical feminine)
mūs (nominative singular)
mūsi (nominative plural)
mūs (accusative singular)
mūsi (accusative plural)
mūsi (genitive singular)
mūso (genitive plural)
mūsi (dative singular)
mūsim (dative plural)
mūsen (dative plural)

Middle High German: mūs

Alemannic German: Muus, Müss (Uri)

Central Franconian: Muus, Mus (variant spelling); Maus, Mous (Moselle Franconian)

Cimbrian: maus

German: Maus

Luxembourgish: Maus

Vilamovian: maojs

Yiddish: מויז (moyz)

From Proto-West Germanic *mūs, from Proto-Germanic *mūs, from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s.


ei

Middle High German: ei

Alemannic German:

Swabian: Oi

Bavarian: Oa

Mòcheno: oi

Central Franconian: Ei, Ää, Aai

Hunsrik: Eu

Luxembourgish: Ee

German: Ei

Vilamovian: e

Yiddish: איי (ey)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm. Akin to Old English ǣġ, Old Norse egg.
Further Indo-European cognates include Latin ōvum and Ancient Greek ᾠόν (ōión)


altar

Middle High German: alter

Alemannic German: Altar

Bavarian: Ålter, Oiter

desctree

German: Alter, Alda, Alla
→ Luxembourgish: Alter

Yiddish: אַלטער (alter)

From Proto-Germanic *aldrą, whence also Old English ealdor, Old Norse aldr.


wat

wat (nominative singular)
wat (nominative plural)
wat (accusative singular)
wat (accusative plural)
wates (genitive singular)
wato (genitive plural)
wate (dative singular)
watum (dative plural)
watu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: *wat, *wate (perhaps)

German: Wate f (dialectal; may also be deverbal)

From Proto-Germanic *wadą, whence also Old English wæd, Old Norse vað (Icelandic vað).


rind

Middle High German: rint

Alemannic German: Rind

desc

Central Franconian: Rend, Renk (native in most of Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects); Rond, Rönd (Eifel)

German: Rind

Hunsrik: Rind

Luxembourgish: Rand

Vilamovian: rynd

From Proto-West Germanic *hrinþ, whence also Old English hrīþer.


riga

Middle High German: rīhe

German: Reihe

From Proto-Germanic *rīgǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyk- (“to scratch, cut”).


tod

Middle High German: tōt

Alemannic German:

Swabian: Daod, Dod

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Dod

German: Tod

Luxembourgish: Doud

Yiddish: טויט (toyt)

From Proto-Germanic *dauþuz, akin to Old Saxon dōth, Old Dutch dōth, dōt, Old English dēaþ, Old Norse dauði, Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌿𐍃 (dauþus).


ars

ars (nominative singular)
arsa (nominative plural)
ars (accusative singular)
arsa (accusative plural)
arses (genitive singular)
arso (genitive plural)
arse (dative singular)
arsum (dative plural)
arsu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: ars

Bavarian: Oasch

Cimbrian: aars

German: Arsch

Hunsrik: Aarsch

Luxembourgish: Aasch

Pennsylvania German: Aarsch


gast

gesti (plural)
gast (nominative singular)
gesti (nominative plural)
gast (accusative singular)
gesti (accusative plural)
gastes (genitive singular)
gesto (genitive plural)
gaste (dative singular)
gestim (dative plural)
gesten (dative plural)
gastu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: gast

Bavarian: Gåst

German: Gast

→ Esperanto: gasto

Luxembourgish: Gaascht

Yiddish: גאַסט (gast)

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, see also Old Norse gestr, Latin hostis (“enemy”).


wort

wort (nominative singular)
wort (nominative plural)
wort (accusative singular)
wort (accusative plural)
wortes (genitive singular)
worto (genitive plural)
worte (dative singular)
wortum (dative plural)
wortu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: wort
Alemannic German:
Alsatian: Wort
Italian Walser: wort, wourd, wuart, wòrt, wört
Swabian: Wort
Bavarian: Wort, Wurt
Cimbrian: bóart, bort (Luserna, Tredici Comuni)
Mòcheno: bourt
Udinese: boart, bort, bört
Central Franconian: Woot, Wort (Moselle Franconian; some dialects of Ripuarian)
Hunsrik: Wort
German: Wort
Luxembourgish: Wuert
Vilamovian: wiüt
Yiddish: וואָרט (vort)

From Proto-West Germanic *word, whence also Old Dutch wort, Old Saxon and Old English word, Old Norse orð, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (waurd).
 The sense verb is a literal translation of Latin verbum.


fah

Middle High German: vach

German: Fach
→ English: Fach
→ Esperanto: fako
→ Kashubian: fach
→ Luxembourgish: Fach
→ Polish: fach

Yiddish: פֿאַך (fakh)

From Proto-West Germanic *fak, from Proto-Germanic *faką, whence also Old English fæc.


nord

Middle High German: nort

German: Nord

Luxembourgish: Nord

From Proto-Germanic *nurþrą, akin to Old English norþ, Old Norse norðr.


berg

berga (plural)
berg (nominative singular)
berga (nominative plural)
berg (accusative singular)
berga (accusative plural)
berges (genitive singular)
bergo (genitive plural)
berge (dative singular)
bergum (dative plural)
bergu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: bërc

desc

Alemannic German: Bäärg, Bärg, Bèèrg, Bërg

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: pèrge

Mòcheno: pèrg

Central Franconian: Berch

Eifel: Bersch

Hunsrik: Berrich

East Central German: Barg (Erzgebirgisch)

German: Berg

Luxembourgish: Bierg

Pennsylvania German: Barig

Yiddish: באַרג (barg)


horn

Middle High German: horn

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Horn

Luxembourgish: Har

Cimbrian: hòrn

German: Horn

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: [hɔɐ̯n]

Yiddish: האָרן (horn)

From Proto-West Germanic *horn, from Proto-Germanic *hurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-.
Cognates include also Old Saxon horn, Old English horn, Old Norse horn, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn).


rad

German: Rad

Yiddish: ראָד (rod)

From Proto-West Germanic *raþ, from Proto-Germanic *raþą, akin to Latin rota.


mano

māno (canonical masculine)
māno (nominative singular)
mānon (nominative plural)
mānun (nominative plural)
mānon (accusative singular)
mānun (accusative singular)
mānon (accusative plural)
mānun (accusative plural)
mānen (genitive singular)
mānin (genitive singular)
mānōno (genitive plural)
mānen (dative singular)
mānin (dative singular)
mānōm (dative plural)
mānōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: māne, mān, mōne, mōn

Alemannic German: Maan, manä, meini, moanu, Mond, manòd, mànund

Swabian: Moo, Mao

Bavarian: Mou, mone

Cimbrian: maano, ma, må

Mòcheno: mu'

Central Franconian: Mond, Muund (rare variant in Moselle Franconian)

German: Mond

Luxembourgish: Mound

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Muhn

Vilamovian: mönd

From Proto-West Germanic *mānō, whence also Old English mōna, Old Norse máni.


lid

Middle High German: lit

Alemannic German: Lid

German: Lied

From Proto-Germanic *liþuz, whence also Old English liþ and Old Norse liðr.


zit

Middle High German: zīt

Alemannic German: Ziit, Zit, Zyt

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: zait

Mòcheno: zait

Central Franconian: Zeck, Zick (Kölsch); Ziet (westernmost and northernmost Ripuarian); Zeit (Moselle Franconian)

East Central German:

Vilamovian: cajt

East Franconian:

German: Zeit

Hunsrik: Zeid

Luxembourgish: Zäit

Pennsylvania German: Zeit

Yiddish: צײַט (tsayt)

From Proto-Germanic *tīdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *dīti- (“time, period”), from *dī- (“time”).


weg

wega (plural)
weg (nominative singular)
wega (nominative plural)
weg (accusative singular)
wega (accusative plural)
weges (genitive singular)
wego (genitive plural)
wege (dative singular)
wegum (dative plural)
wegu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: wec

Alemannic German: Wäg

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: bèg, bege (Luserna)

Mòcheno: be

Central Franconian: Wääch

Luxembourgish: Wee (from dative and plural)

Hunsrik: Wegh

German: Weg

Pennsylvania German: Weg

Yiddish: וועג (veg)

From Proto-West Germanic *weg. Cognate with Old Saxon weg, Old Dutch weg, Old English weġ, Old Norse vegr, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 (wigs).


hus

hūs (canonical neuter)
hūs (nominative singular)
hūs (nominative plural)
hūs (accusative singular)
hūs (accusative plural)
hūses (genitive singular)
hūso (genitive plural)
hūse (dative singular)
hūsum (dative plural)
hūsu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: hūs, hous

Alemannic German: Hus, Huus

Alsatian: Hüs

Walser: hus, hüs, husch, hüüsch, hous

Bavarian: Haus

Cimbrian: haus

Mòcheno: haus

Udinese: haus

Central Franconian:

Moselle Franconian: Hous

Britten: [haʊ̯s]

Hunsrückisch:

Hunsrik: Haus

Ripuarian: Huus

Kölsch: Huus [huːs]

German: Haus

Luxembourgish: Haus

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Haus

Vilamovian: haojs

Yiddish: הויז (hoyz)

From Proto-West Germanic *hūs, from Proto-Germanic *hūsą, whence also Old Saxon hūs, Old Dutch hūs, Old Frisian hūs, and Old English hūs, Old Norse hús.


lamb

lamb (nominative singular)
lembir (nominative plural)
lamb (accusative singular)
lembir (accusative plural)
lambes (genitive singular)
lembiro (genitive plural)
lambe (dative singular)
lembirum (dative plural)
lembirom (dative plural)
lambu (instrumental singular)
lambo (instrumental singular)
lembirum (instrumental plural)
lembirom (instrumental plural)

Middle High German: lamp, lam

Cimbrian: lamp

German: Lamm

Luxembourgish: Lamm

Vilamovian: łamm

Yiddish: לאַם (lam)

From Proto-West Germanic *lamb, see also Old Saxon lamb, Old English lamb, Old Norse lamb, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱 (lamb).


frost

frost (nominative singular)
frosta (nominative plural)
frost (accusative singular)
frosta (accusative plural)
frostes (genitive singular)
frosto (genitive plural)
froste (dative singular)
frostum (dative plural)
frostu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: vrost

Cimbrian: vròst, bròst, vrost

German: Frost

Luxembourgish: Frascht

Vilamovian: fröst

From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old Norse frost.


mos

Middle High German: mos

German: Moos

Hunsrik: Moos

Luxembourgish: Moos

From Proto-West Germanic *mos, from Proto-Germanic *musą, whence also Old English mos.


spot

spot (nominative singular)
spota (nominative plural)
spot (accusative singular)
spota (accusative plural)
spotes (genitive singular)
spoto (genitive plural)
spote (dative singular)
spotum (dative plural)
spotu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: spot

German: Spott


grunt

grunt (nominative singular)
grunta (nominative plural)
grunt (accusative singular)
grunta (accusative plural)
gruntes (genitive singular)
grunto (genitive plural)
grunte (dative singular)
gruntum (dative plural)
gruntu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: grunt

Cimbrian: grund, grumf (< with epenthetic -f- *grumfþuz)

German: Grund

Luxembourgish: Grond

desctree

→ Old Polish: grunt
Masurian: grunt
Polish: grunt, gront, grąt (Middle Polish)
→ Kashubian: gruńt, grëńt
Silesian: grōnt

→ Russian: грунт (grunt)

→ Serbo-Croatian: грунт

Yiddish: גרונט (grunt)


barn

barn (nominative singular)
barn (nominative plural)
barn (accusative singular)
barn (accusative plural)
barnes (genitive singular)
barno (genitive plural)
barne (dative singular)
barnum (dative plural)
barnu (instrumental singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old Saxon barn, Old English bearn, Old Norse barn.


atto

Middle High German: atte

Alemannic German: Ätti, Ätte

Italian Walser: attu, àttu, attò

Bavarian: Ätt

⇒? Cimbrian: tatta

From Proto-West Germanic *attō.
Cognates:
Cognate with Old Dutch *atto, *etto, Old Frisian *atta, Old English *ætta, *atta, Old Norse Atti (possibly), Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 (atta), also Latin atta.


mahal

Middle High German: mahel, māl

German: Mahl

From Proto-West Germanic *mahl, *maþl, from Proto-Germanic *mahlą, *maþlą (“assembly, council”).


grab

Middle High German: grap
Central Franconian: Grav, Jrav
Hunsrik: Graab
Luxembourgish: Graf
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: grap
East Central German:
Vilamovian: graob, grob
East Franconian:
German: Grab
Rhine Franconian: Grab
Frankfurterisch: [krɑːp], (plural) [kʀεːvæ̆]
Yiddish: גרוב (grub)

From Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).
Compare Old Saxon graf (Low German Graf, Graff), Dutch graf, Old English græf (English grave), Old Frisian gref (West Frisian grêf), Old Norse grǫf (Danish grav, Icelandic gröf), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰 (graba).


wanna

Middle High German: wanne

German: Wanne (see there for further descendants)

Vilamovian: wonn

Yiddish: וואַנע (vane)


stern

stern (nominative singular)
sterna (nominative plural)
stern (accusative singular)
sterna (accusative plural)
sternes (genitive singular)
sterno (genitive plural)
sterne (dative singular)
sternum (dative plural)
sternu (instrumental singular)


hol

Middle High German: hol

Alemannic German: hol

German: hohl

Luxembourgish: huel

From Proto-West Germanic *hol, whence also Old English hol, Old Norse holr.


hring

hring (nominative singular)
hringa (nominative plural)
hring (accusative singular)
hringa (accusative plural)
hringes (genitive singular)
hringo (genitive plural)
hringe (dative singular)
hringum (dative plural)
hringu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: rinc, ring

German: Ring


alba

From Proto-West Germanic *albijā, from Proto-Celtic *albiyū (“(upper) world; high mountain; alpine pasture”), from Proto-Indo-European *albʰós (“white”).


val

Middle High German: val

German: Fall

From Proto-West Germanic *fall, from Proto-Germanic *fallaz.


ala

German: Ahle

From Proto-West Germanic *ālu. Cognates include Old English æl and Old Norse alr.


falt

Middle High German: valt, valte

Cimbrian: falda

German: Falte

From Proto-Germanic *falþō, related to the verb *falþaną (“to fold”), whence also Old English feald, Old Norse faldr.


saga

Middle High German: sage

German: Sage

Luxembourgish: So

From Proto-West Germanic *sagā, from Proto-Germanic *sagǭ. Cognate with Old English sagu, Old Norse saga.


herd

Middle High German: hert

Cimbrian: hèart

German: Herd

Luxembourgish: Häerd


busk

Middle High German: busch, bosch

German: Busch

From Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz, probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow”). Compare Old Saxon busk, Old English busċ, *bysċ, Old Norse buskr.


alar

alar (nominative singular)
alara (nominative plural)
alar (accusative singular)
alara (accusative plural)
alares (genitive singular)
alaro (genitive plural)
alare (dative singular)
alarum (dative plural)
alaru (instrumental singular)


jar

Middle High German: jār

Alemannic German: Jòòr, Jààr

Bavarian: Jåhr, Joar, Joa

Cimbrian: jaar, djar (Luserna)

Mòcheno: jor

Central Franconian: Johr

Hunsrik: Joher

Luxembourgish: Joer

German: Jahr

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Johr, Yaahr

Swabian: Joar, Johr

Sathmar Swabian: Johr

Vilamovian: jür

Yiddish: יאָר (yor)

From Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.


tag

taga (plural)
tag (nominative singular)
taga (nominative plural)
tag (accusative singular)
taga (accusative plural)
tages (genitive singular)
tago (genitive plural)
tage (dative singular)
tagum (dative plural)
tagu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: tac, tag, dach
Alemannic German: Tag
Alsatian: Dàà (north), Dàj (center), Dàg (south)
Italian Walser: tag, tog, tàg
Swabian: Dag
Bavarian: Da, Dåg, Doch
Cimbrian: tak, ta, tag, tage
Mòcheno: ta
Udinese: tach, ti
Central Franconian: Daach
Hunsrik: Daagh, taach (Wiesemann spelling system)
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Dag
German: Tag
Esperanto: tago
Luxembourgish: Dag, Do
Rhine Franconian: Tach
Pennsylvania German: Daag
Transylvanian Saxon: Dåch
Vilamovian: taog
Yiddish: טאָג (tog)

From Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz, whence also Old English dæġ, Old Norse dagr, Old Dutch and Old Saxon dag, Old High German tag, Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”).

der

tag after tage


joh

Middle High German: joch

Cimbrian: jòch

German: Joch

Hunsrik: Joch

Luxembourgish: Jach

From Proto-Germanic *juką, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. Cognate with Old Saxon juk, Old English ġeoc, Old Norse ok, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk).


bira

desctree

Middle High German: bir, bire, pir
Alemannic German: Biire
Bavarian: Birn
German: Birne
→ Estonian: pirn
→ Kashubian: birna
Hunsrik: Bern
Luxembourgish: Bir
Vilamovian: biyn
Yiddish: באַר (bar)

Monastic borrowing from Medieval Latin pira. The earlier Proto-West Germanic *peru would have yielded Old High German *phera.


figa

Middle High German: vīge
Cimbrian: faiga
German: Feige
Yiddish: פֿײַג (fayg)
→ Polish: figa (see there for further descendants)


hals

hals (nominative singular)
halsa (nominative plural)
hals (accusative singular)
halsa (accusative plural)
halses (genitive singular)
halso (genitive plural)
halse (dative singular)
halsum (dative plural)
halsu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: hals

Cimbrian: hals, haltz (Sette Comuni)

German: Hals

Luxembourgish: Hals

Yiddish: האַלדז (haldz)

From Proto-West Germanic *hals, from Proto-Germanic *halsaz. Cognate with Old English healh, Old Norse hals, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (hals).


blat

Middle High German: blat

Alemannic German: Blatt

Swabian:

Central Franconian: Blatt, Blat

Hunsrik: Blaat

Luxembourgish: Blat

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: błot

East Franconian:

German: Blatt

Rhine Franconian: Blaat, Blatt

Pennsylvania German: Blatt

Yiddish: בלאַט (blat)

From Proto-West Germanic *blad, from Proto-Germanic *bladą, whence also Old Saxon blad, Old English blæd, Old Norse blað. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥h₃oto-, from *bʰleh₃-.


muff

→ Italian: muffa


sib

Middle High German: sib, sip; (West Central German) sif

German: Sieb, Sip

Luxembourgish: Siff

From Proto-West Germanic *sibi. Cognate with Old English sife.


ana

Middle High German: ane

German: Ahne

Swabian: Ahna

table
Equivalent to a feminine form of ano (“grandfather”), related to Proto-Germanic *anô, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-. Akin to Latin anus (“old woman”), Old Prussian ane (“grandmother”), etc.


gang

ganga (plural)
gang (nominative singular)
ganga (nominative plural)
gang (accusative singular)
ganga (accusative plural)
ganges (genitive singular)
gango (genitive plural)
gange (dative singular)
gangum (dative plural)
gangu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: ganc

Bavarian: Gång

German: Gang

Polish: ganek

Yiddish: גאַניק (ganik) (probably borrowed from Polish)

Luxembourgish: Gang, Gank

→ Middle French: gangue

French: gangue

→ English: gangue


tutto

Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *duttaz, but the unshifted -tt- is unexpected; the consonants do correspond to Dutch dodde, however.


helm

Middle High German: helm

German: Helm

Polish: hełm

Luxembourgish: Helm

From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare Old Saxon helm, Old English helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).


fist

fist (nominative singular)
fista (nominative plural)
fist (accusative singular)
fista (accusative plural)
fistes (genitive singular)
fisto (genitive plural)
fiste (dative singular)
fistum (dative plural)
fistu (instrumental singular)


fara

German: Gefahr

From Proto-Germanic *fērō, whence Old English fær, Old Norse fár.


ora

ōra (canonical neuter)
ōra (nominative singular)
ōrun (nominative plural)
ōra (accusative singular)
ōrun (accusative plural)
ōren (genitive singular)
ōrin (genitive singular)
ōrōno (genitive plural)
ōren (dative singular)
ōrin (dative singular)
ōrōm (dative plural)
ōrōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: ore
Alemannic German: Oor
Bavarian: Oar
Central Franconian: Uhr, Ohr
Hunsrik: Oher
Luxembourgish: Ouer
German: Ohr
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Ohr
Vilamovian: ür
Yiddish: אויער (oyer)

From the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *ausô, whence also Old English ēare and English ear, Old Norse eyra (“ear”), Old Dutch ōra (“ear”), Old Saxon ōra (“ear”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows-.


tal

Middle High German: tal

Alemannic German: Tall

German: Tal

Hunsrik: Daal

Luxembourgish: Dall

Mòcheno: tol

Pennsylvania German: Daal

Yiddish: טאָל (tol)

From Proto-Germanic *dalą, whence also Old English dæl, Old Norse dalr.


mandala

German: Mandel
→ Faroese: mandla
→ Icelandic: mandla
→ Kashubian: mandla
→ Romansch: mandel
→ Swedish: mandel

Yiddish: מאַנדל (mandl)


bero

Middle High German: bër

Alemannic German: Bärr

Cimbrian: per

German: Bär

Hunsrik: Bäer

Luxembourgish: Bier

Vilamovian: baor

Yiddish: בער (ber)

From Proto-West Germanic *berō, see also Old English bera, Old Norse bjǫrn.


tung

Middle High German: tunc

German: Tunk

From Proto-West Germanic *dung (“cellar”).


folk

folk (nominative singular)
folk (nominative plural)
folk (accusative singular)
folk (accusative plural)
folkes (genitive singular)
folko (genitive plural)
folke (dative singular)
folkum (dative plural)
folku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: volk

Cimbrian: vòlk, bòlk (Mezzaselva)

German: Volk

Hunsrik: Follek

Luxembourgish: Vollek

Vilamovian: fulk

Yiddish: פֿאָלק (folk)


wisheit

Middle High German: wīsheit
German: Weisheit


brio

Middle High German: brîe, brî

German: Brei

Luxembourgish: Bräi

Yiddish: ברײַ (bray)

From Proto-West Germanic *brīw (“mash, porridge”).


boto

boto (nominative singular)
boton (nominative plural)
botun (nominative plural)
boton (accusative singular)
botun (accusative singular)
boton (accusative plural)
botun (accusative plural)
boten (genitive singular)
botin (genitive singular)
botōno (genitive plural)
boten (dative singular)
botin (dative singular)
botōm (dative plural)
botōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: bote

German: Bote

From Proto-Germanic *budô. Cognate to Old High German biotan (“to offer, send, command”).


nid

nīd (canonical masculine)
nīd (nominative singular)
nīda (nominative plural)
nīd (accusative singular)
nīda (accusative plural)
nīdes (genitive singular)
nīdo (genitive plural)
nīde (dative singular)
nīdum (dative plural)
nīdu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: nīt

German: Neid

Luxembourgish: Näid

From Proto-Germanic *nīþą. Cognate with Old English nīþ, Old Norse níð.


bona

Middle High German: bōne

Alemannic German: Bone

Central Franconian: Bunn, Buhn, Bohn

Hunsrik: Bohn

Luxembourgish: Boun

German: Bohne

Rhine Franconian: Bohn

Frankfurterisch: [b̥õːn]

Pennsylvania German: Bohn, Buhn

From Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō, whence also Old Saxon bōna, Old English bēan, Old Norse baun.


nasa

nasa (nominative singular)
nasā (nominative plural)
nasa (accusative singular)
nasā (accusative plural)
nasa (genitive singular)
nasōno (genitive plural)
nasu (dative singular)
nasōm (dative plural)
nasa (nominative singular)
nasun (nominative plural)
nasūn (accusative singular)
nasun (accusative plural)
nasūn (genitive singular)
nasōno (genitive plural)
nasūn (dative singular)
nasōm (dative plural)
nasōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: nase
Alemannic German: Nase, Naase (Basel, Aargau, Lucerne, Zug, Schwyz, Uri)
Swabian: Nas
Bavarian: Nosn
Central Franconian: Nas, Noas, Nos (western Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Naas
Luxembourgish: Nues
East Franconian: Nous
German: Nase
Rhine Franconian: Noos
Pennsylvania German: Naas
Vilamovian: nōs, nōz
Yiddish: נאָז (noz)

From Proto-Germanic *nasō, whence also Old English nosu, Old Norse nǫs (Icelandic nös), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s-.


sind

sind (nominative singular)
sinda (nominative plural)
sind (accusative singular)
sinda (accusative plural)
sindes (genitive singular)
sindo (genitive plural)
sinde (dative singular)
sindum (dative plural)
sindu (instrumental singular)


heri

Middle High German: here, her

German: Heer

From Proto-West Germanic *hari, see also Old English here, Old Norse herr.


donar

donar (nominative singular)
donara (nominative plural)
donar (accusative singular)
donara (accusative plural)
donares (genitive singular)
donaro (genitive plural)
donare (dative singular)
donarum (dative plural)
donaru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: toner, doner

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Dunner

Luxembourgish: Donner

German: Donner

Rhine Franconian: Dunner

Frankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]

Vilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)

Yiddish: דונער (duner)

From Proto-West Germanic *þunr, whence also Old Saxon thunar, Old Frisian thuner, Old English þunor.


wer

From Proto-West Germanic *wer, from Proto-Germanic *weraz, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognate with Old English wer and Old Norse verr.


wer

German: Wehr

Italian: gora

From Proto-Germanic *warją, likely related to the verb *warjaną (“to defend”), as in a fortification against water.


sola

Middle High German: sole, sol

German: Sohle


knabo

Middle High German: knabe

German: Knabe
→ Esperanto: knabo
→ Kashubian: knôp


riso

German: Riese


scuola

Middle High German: schuole
Alemannic German: Schuel, Schuäl, Schuël
Italian Walser: schiöl, schul, schuel, schuol, schööl
Swabian: Schual
Bavarian: schual, schuele, schuile, Schui, Schul (Southern Bavarian)
Cimbrian: schual
Mòcheno: schual
Central Franconian: Schull, Schol (southernmost Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Schul, xuul
German: Schule
→ Lower Sorbian: šula
→ Silesian: szula
→ Slovene: šola
→ Swahili: shule
→ Yiddish: שולע (shule)
Luxembourgish: Schoul, Schull (dialectal)
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Schul
Yiddish: שול (shul)
→ English: shul
→ Spanish: shul
→ Latvian: skola
→ Old Polish: szkoła (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).


morgan

Middle High German: morgen, morn

desc

Alemannic German: moorn, moore (Glarus, Uri, Unterwalden); mooru (Valais), moore

Alsatian: Müggen

Swabian: Morga, Moriga

Walser: morge

Bavarian: Morgen, Muagn, Muang

Cimbrian: mòrng, morgan, mòrgont

Mòcheno: morng

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Meuend

Luxembourgish: Mueren, Moien

desctree

German: Morgen
→ English: morgen
→ Polish: morga, mórg

Hessian: Mojje

Vilamovian: miügia

Yiddish: מאָרגן (morgn)

From Proto-West Germanic *morgin. Cognate with Old English morgen.


quena

quena (nominative singular)
quenā (nominative plural)
quena (accusative singular)
quenā (accusative plural)
quena (genitive singular)
quenōno (genitive plural)
quenu (dative singular)
quenōm (dative plural)
quena (nominative singular)
quenun (nominative plural)
quenūn (accusative singular)
quenun (accusative plural)
quenūn (genitive singular)
quenōno (genitive plural)
quenūn (dative singular)
quenōm (dative plural)
quenōn (dative plural)

desc

Middle High German: kone, kan, kun, quëne

German: Kon


vart

German: Fahrt

From Proto-West Germanic *fardi, whence also Old English fierd, Old Norse ferð.


hafta

From Proto-Germanic *haftō, whence also Old English hæft, Old Norse hapt.


kela

Middle High German: kële, kël

Cimbrian: khéela

German: Kehle

From Proto-West Germanic *kelā, from Proto-Germanic *kelǭ. Cognate with Old Saxon kela, Old English ċeole, and perhaps Latin gula.


stat

Middle High German: stat

Bavarian: Stådt, Stättn

German: Stadt, Statt, Stätte

Luxembourgish: Stad

Yiddish: שטאָט (shtot)

From Proto-West Germanic *stadi, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz.
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis, an extension of *steh₂- and, thus, related to stehen and Stuhl.

place, settlement (but yet without any restriction to “town, city”, for which burg)


felis

German: Fels


wacko

Probably related to wegan (“to move, carry, bear”)


wald

Middle High German: walt

Alemannic German: Wald

Swabian: Wald

Bavarian: Woid, Woold

Cimbrian: balt

Mòcheno: bòlt

Central Franconian: Wald (widely obsolete)

Hunsrik: Wald

Luxembourgish: Wal

German: Wald

Rhine Franconian: Wald, Wall

Frankfurterisch: [valt]

Yiddish: וואַלד (vald)

From Proto-West Germanic *walþu, from Proto-Germanic *walþuz, whence also Old English weald, Old Norse vǫllr.


haz

German: Hass, Haß

Yiddish: האַס (has)

From Proto-West Germanic *hati, see also Old Saxon heti, Old English hete, Old Frisian hat, Old Norse hatr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis).


eid

Middle High German: eit

German: Eid

Luxembourgish: Eed

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: IPA [ait]

gl

attested as aidos <abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr> (“oath-helpers”)

⇒ Lombardic: *aido (“oath-helper”) (attested as aidos pl (“oath-helpers”))

From Proto-West Germanic *aiþ, from Proto-Germanic *aiþaz, whence also Old Saxon ēth, Old English āþ, Old Norse eiðr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (aiþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *oyt-.


soc

Middle High German: soc, socke

desc

Alemannic German: Sock, Socke, Sockä, Socka

Central Franconian: Sock

German: Socke (see there for further descendants)

Vilamovian: zok


lib

līb (canonical masculine neuter)
līb (nominative singular)
lība (nominative plural)
līb (accusative singular)
lība (accusative plural)
lībes (genitive singular)
lībo (genitive plural)
lībe (dative singular)
lībum (dative plural)
lību (instrumental singular)
līb (nominative singular)
līb (nominative plural)
līb (accusative singular)
līb (accusative plural)
lībes (genitive singular)
lībo (genitive plural)
lībe (dative singular)
lībum (dative plural)
lību (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: līp, līph, līf, līb

Alemannic German: Liib

Central Franconian: Liev, Leiv

Hunsrik: Leib

Luxembourgish: Läif, Leif

Cimbrian: laip

German: Leib

Vilamovian: łaowa

Yiddish: לײַב (layb)


karst

karst (nominative singular)
karsta (nominative plural)
karst (accusative singular)
karsta (accusative plural)
karstes (genitive singular)
karsto (genitive plural)
karste (dative singular)
karstum (dative plural)
karstu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: karst

Alemannic German: Charst

Central Franconian: Kaasch, Kaascht

Hunsrik: Kaarscht

Moselle Franconian: Koascht

German: Karst

Luxembourgish: Kaascht

Rhine Franconian: Kaarsch, Kaarscht

Palatine German: Kaarsch, Kaarscht

East Franconian: Koascht, Koaschd

Unknown; perhaps from a Proto-West Germanic *karsk, *karst related to keren (“to sweep”), from Proto-Germanic *karjaną.


har

Middle High German: hār

Alemannic German: Härre

Swabian: Hoar

Walser: haar, hoar, hoor, hàre

Bavarian: hoor

Cimbrian: har, haar (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: hor

Central Franconian: Hoor

German: Haar

Luxembourgish: Hoer

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Haar

Yiddish: האָר (hor)

From Proto-West Germanic *hār, from Proto-Germanic *hērą, from Proto-Indo-European *keres- (“rough hair, bristle”).
Compare Old Saxon hār, Old English her, hǣr, Old Norse hár.


aro

Middle High German: are, ar

German: Aar (poetic)

From Proto-West Germanic *arō, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Adelaar

Middle High German: adelare, adelar; older


leben

Middle High German: leben

Alemannic German: Läbe

German: Leben

Mòcheno: lem

Yiddish: לעבן (lebn)


kol

Middle High German: kol

Cimbrian: kholl

German: Kohle

Luxembourgish: Kuel

Yiddish: קויל (koyl)

From Proto-West Germanic *kol, whence also Old English col, Old Norse kol.


salmo

Middle High German: salme

German: Salm


amma

German: Amme


sumar

sumar (nominative singular)
sumara (nominative plural)
sumar (accusative singular)
sumara (accusative plural)
sumares (genitive singular)
sumaro (genitive plural)
sumare (dative singular)
sumarum (dative plural)
sumaru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: sumer

German: Sommer

Hunsrik: Sommer

Luxembourgish: Summer

Mòcheno: summer

Silesian East Central German: Summer

Vilamovian: zumer

Yiddish: זומער (zumer)

From Proto-Germanic *sumaraz, whence also Old English sumor, Old Saxon sumar, Old Norse sumarr, sumar.


bara

Middle High German: bāre

German: Bahre

→ Italian: bara

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old English bēr.


bein

bein (nominative singular)
bein (nominative plural)
bein (accusative singular)
bein (accusative plural)
beines (genitive singular)
beino (genitive plural)
beine (dative singular)
beinum (dative plural)
beinu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: bein
Alemannic German:
Swabian: Boi, Boa
Bavarian: Boan
Central Franconian: Been, Bein
Hunsrik: Been
Luxembourgish: Been
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Been
German: Bein
Vilamovian: baan
Yiddish: ביין (beyn)

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.


bita

German: Bitte


bita

anticipation, expectation, hesitation, wait


bur

būr (canonical neuter)
būr (nominative singular)
būra (nominative plural)
būr (accusative singular)
būra (accusative plural)
būres (genitive singular)
būro (genitive plural)
būre (dative singular)
būrum (dative plural)
būru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: būr

German: Bauer (“birdcage”)

table
From Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būrą (“dwelling”), whence also Old English būr, Old Norse búr.

brūd in būre


bur

būr (canonical masculine)
būr (nominative singular)
būra (nominative plural)
būr (accusative singular)
būra (accusative plural)
būres (genitive singular)
būro (genitive plural)
būre (dative singular)
būrum (dative plural)
būru (instrumental singular)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: būre (“neighbor, farmer, peasant”)

desctree

German: Bauer (“farmer”)
→ English: bauer; bower
→ Polish: bauer
→ Serbo-Croatian: pȁor, па̏ор

Luxembourgish: Bauer

Mòcheno: pauer

Pennsylvania German: Bauer

Yiddish: פּויער (poyer)

table
From Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būraz (“inhabitant”).


mund

mund (nominative singular)
munda (nominative plural)
mund (accusative singular)
munda (accusative plural)
mundes (genitive singular)
mundo (genitive plural)
munde (dative singular)
mundum (dative plural)
mundu (instrumental singular)


festi

festī (canonical feminine)
festī (nominative singular)
festī (nominative plural)
festī (accusative singular)
festī (accusative plural)
festī (genitive singular)
festino (genitive plural)
festī (dative singular)
festinum (dative plural)


sida

German: Seide

From Medieval Latin saeta (“bristle, horsehair”). Akin to Italian seta.


frosk

frosk (nominative singular)
froska (nominative plural)
frosk (accusative singular)
froska (accusative plural)
froskes (genitive singular)
frosko (genitive plural)
froske (dative singular)
froskum (dative plural)
frosku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: vrosch

Bavarian: Frosch, Fruasch

Cimbrian: vross, bross, vrosch

Central Franconian: Frösch, Fräsch

Hunsrik: Frosch

Luxembourgish: Fräsch

German: Frosch

Rhine Franconian: Frosch, Fresch

Frankfurterisch: [fʀoʃ]

Pennsylvania German: Frosch


burg

burg (nominative singular)
burgi (nominative plural)
burg (accusative singular)
burgi (accusative plural)
burgi (genitive singular)
burgo (genitive plural)
burgi (dative singular)
burgim (dative plural)
burgen (dative plural)

Middle High German: burc

German: Burg

Luxembourgish: Buerg

From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).


ancho

Middle High German: anke

Alemannic German: Anke


sunu

Middle High German: sun, suon, sūn, son

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: su, ŝchu

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: zun, sun, sunn

Mòcheno: su'

Udinese: sun, sunn, suun

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Sohn

German: Sohn

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Soh

Yiddish: זון (zun)

From Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.


bizzo

Middle High German: bizze

German: Bissen

From Proto-West Germanic *bitō, from Proto-Germanic *bitô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).


kolo

German: Kohl


zand

zand (nominative singular)
zandi (nominative plural)
zand (accusative singular)
zandi (accusative plural)
zand (genitive singular)
zando (genitive plural)
zand (dative singular)
zandim (dative plural)
zanden (dative plural)
zand (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: zan, zant
Alemannic German: Zah
Bavarian: Zåhn, Zant
Central Franconian: Zank, Zand
Kölsch: Zant
German: Zahn
→ Central Franconian: Zahn
Hunsrik: Zaan
Luxembourgish: Zant
Pennsylvania German: Zaah
Swabian: Zah, Zai
Vilamovian: cōn
Yiddish: צאָן (tson)

→ Italian: zanna (via Lombardic)

From Proto-West Germanic *tanþ.
Cognates:
Compare Old Saxon tand, Old Dutch tand, Old Frisian toth, Old English tōþ, Old Norse tǫnn, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus).


grifo

Middle High German: grīfe

German: Greif


haba

Middle High German: habe

German: Habe


warmi

warmī (canonical feminine)
warmī (nominative singular)
warmī (accusative singular)
warmī (genitive singular)
warmī (dative singular)

Middle High German: werme

Cimbrian: berme, bèrme (Sette Comuni)

German: Wärme

Hunsrik: Wäärem


garn

Middle High German: garn

Cimbrian: gaarn, ghèrn

German: Garn

Luxembourgish: Gar

From Proto-Germanic *garną, whence also Old English ġearn, Old Norse garn. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰorn-, *ǵʰer- (“gut, intestine”).


unc

German: Unke

From Proto-Germanic *unkwiz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éngʷʰis (“snake”).


seo

Middle High German: sē m (rarely f)

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: sea

Mòcheno: sea

German: See m (“lake”), See f (“sea”) (latter in part from Low German)

Luxembourgish: Séi

From Proto-Germanic *saiwiz, whence also Old Dutch and Old Saxon sēo, Old English sæ, Old Norse sær, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 (saiws).


ger

gēr (canonical masculine)
gēr (nominative singular)
gēra (nominative plural)
gēr (accusative singular)
gēra (accusative plural)
gēres (genitive singular)
gēro (genitive plural)
gēre (dative singular)
gērum (dative plural)
gēru (instrumental singular)

Lombardic: ger

→⇒ Italian: gherone

Middle High German: gēr

German: Ger

From Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (“spear”).


elina

elina (nominative singular)
elinā (nominative plural)
elina (accusative singular)
elinā (accusative plural)
elina (genitive singular)
elinōno (genitive plural)
elinu (dative singular)
elinōm (dative plural)

desc

Middle High German: elline, elne, elle, eln, ellen, ele

Cimbrian: élla

German: Elle

From Proto-West Germanic *alinu, whence also Old English eln, Old Norse ǫln. Compare Latin ulna.


anker

German: Anker

From Proto-Germanic *ankurô, whence also Old English ancor, Old Norse akkeri, from Latin ancora.


fluor

fluor (nominative singular)
fluora (nominative plural)
fluor (accusative singular)
fluora (accusative plural)
fluores (genitive singular)
fluoro (genitive plural)
fluore (dative singular)
fluorum (dative plural)
fluoru (instrumental singular)


ding

ding (nominative singular)
ding (nominative plural)
ding (accusative singular)
ding (accusative plural)
dinges (genitive singular)
dingo (genitive plural)
dinge (dative singular)
dingum (dative plural)
dingu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: ding

Cimbrian: ding

German: Ding

Luxembourgish: Déngen

Pennsylvania German: Ding


mago

Middle High German: mage

Bavarian: Mågn

German: Magen

Hunsrik: Maaghe, Maan

Luxembourgish: Mo

Vilamovian: maoga

Yiddish: מאָגן (mogn)

→ Italian: magone

→ Venetian: magon


rama

desctree

> Middle High German: rame, ram (inherited)
Alemannic German: Ramme
German: Rahmen m, Ramen, Rahme, Rame (obsolete)
→ Czech: rám
→ Romanian: ramă
→ Russian: рама (rama)
Luxembourgish: Rumm
Vilamovian: raom
→ Old Polish: rama, ram
Polish: rama
→ Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)
→ Kashubian: rama
→ Russian: ра́ма (ráma)
→ Azerbaijani: rama
→ Ingush: рама (rama)
→ Yakut: араама (araama)
→ Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)
Silesian: rama, rōma

From Proto-West Germanic *hramu (“frame, support”).


liska

Middle High German: *lische

German: Liesch

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-West Germanic *hlisku, *hlisiku, *hlusiku (“sedge”), diminutive of Proto-West Germanic *hlus (“reed, sedge”). The ultimate origin could be
* Borrowed from Romance/Medieval Latin lisca, though the reverse is also possible; this could be from Vulgar Latin *alisca, from Latin arista (“(ear of) corn, grain, awn”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *leu, related to Lithuanian laure (“dirty person”), referring to the mud it grows in.
* From a pre-Germanic/pre-Roman substrate language.
Compare Middle Low German lēsch, lǖsch, lūs, lēsek, lēsik (“reed, sedge”), Middle Dutch luusch, Old Saxon hlus (“reed, sedge”).

der

Trésor de la langue française informatisé


sunne

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō.


grap

desctree

Middle High German: grap
Central Franconian: Grav, Jrav
Hunsrik: Graab
Luxembourgish: Graf
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: grap
East Central German:
Vilamovian: graob, grob
East Franconian:
German: Grab
Rhine Franconian: Grab
Frankfurterisch: [krɑːp], (plural) [kʀεːvæ̆]
Yiddish: גרוב (grub)


sterk

sterk (nominative singular)
sterka (nominative plural)
sterk (accusative singular)
sterka (accusative plural)
sterkes (genitive singular)
sterko (genitive plural)
sterke (dative singular)
sterkum (dative plural)
sterku (instrumental singular)


distil

Middle High German: distel

German: Distel

Luxembourgish: Dëschtel

Vilamovian: döstuł

Pennsylvania German: Dischdel

From Proto-West Germanic *þistil, see also Old English þistel, Old Norse þistill.


walt

From Proto-West Germanic *wald, from Proto-Germanic *waldą (“power, authority”), whence also Old English weald, Old Norse vald.


walt

Middle High German: gewalt

German: Gewalt

Hunsrik: Gewalt

Luxembourgish: Gewalt

Pennsylvania German: Gewalt

desc

Yiddish: געװאַלד (gevald), געוואַלט (gevalt), גװאַלד (gvald), גוואַלט (gvalt)


inwit

From Proto-Germanic *inwidją (“malice, wickedness”). Cognate with Old Saxon inwid (“fraud”), Old English inwid, Old Norse ívið (“deceit, evil”) (attested in compound íviðgjarn). Further root-related to Old Norse íviðja (“malicious female being(?)”). .


fisk

fisk (nominative singular)
fiska (nominative plural)
fisk (accusative singular)
fiska (accusative plural)
fiskes (genitive singular)
fisko (genitive plural)
fiske (dative singular)
fiskum (dative plural)
fisku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: visch

Bavarian: Fiisch

Cimbrian: viss, biss, visch

Mòcheno: visch

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Fisch

Kölsch: Fesch

German: Fisch

Luxembourgish: Fësch

Transylvanian Saxon: Fäsch

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Fusch, Fisch

Vilamovian: fejś

Yiddish: פֿיש (fish)

From Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, whence also Old English fisċ, Old Norse fiskr, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (fisks), from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-. Cognates include Latin piscis.


ort

Middle High German: ort

Bavarian: Oat

German: Ort

Luxembourgish: Uert

Yiddish: אָרט (ort)

From Proto-West Germanic *oʀd, from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz. Cognate with Old English ord, Old Norse oddr.


kus

Middle High German: kus, kos

Cimbrian: khüss (vowel influenced by verb)

German: Kuss

Hunsrik: Kuss

Luxembourgish: Kuss

From Proto-West Germanic *koss, see also Old Saxon kus, Old English coss, Old Norse koss.


krig

desctree

Middle High German: kriec
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: khriage, khriig (Sette Comuni)
Mòcheno: kriag
Central Franconian: Kriech, Kreech (Ripuarian; northern Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Kriegh, kriich
Luxembourgish: Krich
German: Krieg
Rhine Franconian: Kriech, Krieg, Kriesch
Frankfurterisch: [kʀiːʃ]
Vilamovian: krig
Yiddish: קריג (krig)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *krīg.


quat

desc

Middle High German: quāt, kāt, quōt, kōt

German: Kot

Cimbrian: khòat


heil

German: Heil

From Proto-Germanic *hailą, whence also Old English hæl, Old Norse heill.


hodo

Middle High German: hōde

German: Hode, Hoden

From Proto-West Germanic *hoþō, from Proto-Germanic *huþô. Compare Old High German hūt and hutta


mord

German: Mord

From Proto-West Germanic *morþ, from Proto-Germanic *murþą.


hinta

German: Hinde

From Proto-West Germanic *hindi, see also Old English hind, Old Norse hind.


seito

Middle High German: seite

German: Saite


rasta

German: Rast

From Proto-Germanic *rastō, whence also Old English ræst, Old Norse rǫst.


huso

hūso (canonical masculine)
hūso (nominative singular)
hūson (nominative plural)
hūsun (nominative plural)
hūson (accusative singular)
hūsun (accusative singular)
hūson (accusative plural)
hūsun (accusative plural)
hūsen (genitive singular)
hūsin (genitive singular)
hūsōno (genitive plural)
hūsen (dative singular)
hūsin (dative singular)
hūsōm (dative plural)
hūsōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: hūse

desctree

German: Hausen, Hause (archaic)
→ English: hawsom (obsolete)

Unknown. Akin to Middle Low German hūse, hūsen, Middle Dutch huus.


hamar

Middle High German: hamer

Bavarian: Håmmer

German: Hammer

Luxembourgish: Hummer

Yiddish: האַמער (hamer)

From Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros, from *h₂éḱmō (“stone”).
Cognate with Old Saxon hamar, Old Frisian hamar, Old English hamor, Old Norse hamarr.


turi

Middle High German: türe

desc

Alemannic German: Tüür, Tiire (Uri), Dire

Bavarian: Dia, Tia

Cimbrian: tür

Mòcheno: tir

Central Franconian: Dür, Diar

Kölsch: Dör, Dür

East Central German: Thüa(r) (Egerländisch)

Upper Saxon German: Düre

German: Tür, Türe

Luxembourgish: Dier

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Deer

Pennsylvania German: Dier

Yiddish: טיר (tir)


brut

Middle High German: brūt

Alemannic German: Bruut

Central Franconian: Brock, Brout, Bruut, Bruck

Hunsrik: praut

German: Braut

Luxembourgish: Braut

→ Friulian: brût

→ Old French: bruy

French: bru

From Proto-West Germanic *brūdi, whence also Old Saxon brūd, Old English brȳd, Old Norse brúðr.


biga

Middle High German: bīge

Alemannic German: Biigi

German: Beige

→ Italian: bica

Related to Old Norse bingr (“heap”) (English bing), from a Proto-Germanic derivative of Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick”), see also Sanskrit बहुल (bahula, “abundant”).


naba

German: Nabe


loup

Middle High German: loup

Alemannic German: Làuib (Alsatian)

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: loap

Mòcheno: lap

Hunsrik: Laab

German: Laub

Luxembourgish: Laf

Rhine Franconian: Laab

Frankfurterisch: Laab

Vilamovian: łojp

From Proto-West Germanic *laub, see also Old Saxon lōf, Old English lēaf, Old Norse lauf, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍃 (laufs).


rinda

German: Rinde

From Proto-Germanic *rindǭ, whence also Old English rinde.


maz

Middle High German: maz

From Proto-West Germanic *mati. Cognate with Old English mete, Old Norse matr.


ahir

Middle High German: eher, äher

Alemannic German: Äli

Central Franconian: Ohr, Öhr, Ähr, Ähjer, Iehr

Luxembourgish: Éi

German: Ähre

Vilamovian: yjer


scala

Middle High German: schāle

Bavarian: Schoin

German: Schale
→ Serbo-Croatian: šolja

Yiddish: שאָל (shol)

From Proto-Germanic *skalō (“shell”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, part, divide”).


beri

Middle High German: ber

Alemannic German: Berri

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: per

Mòcheno: per

German: Beere

Hunsrik: Beer

Luxembourgish: Bier

Pennsylvania German: Beer

Vilamovian: bjēr

From Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, see also Old English berġe, Old Norse ber.


rogo

German: Rogen


kasi

From Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, like the variant chāsi.


hamo

From Proto-West Germanic *hamō, from Proto-Germanic *hamô.


baro

From Proto-West Germanic *baru, from Proto-Germanic *barwaz.


baro

From Proto-West Germanic *barō, from Proto-Germanic *barô.


treno

From Proto-West Germanic *drānu. Akin to Old English drān.


furt

Middle High German: vurt

German: Furt

→ Saterland Frisian: Fúurt

From Proto-West Germanic *furdu, from Proto-Germanic *furduz (“crossing, ford”) (whence also Old Saxon and Old English ford), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥téw-.


fruma

Middle High German: vrome, vrume

German: Fromme

desc

⇒ Middle High German: vrume (“firm, upright”, adjective)

German: fromm

desctree

Yiddish: פֿרום (frum)
→ English: frum, frummer


marchat

desc

Middle High German: market, markt, mart, merket, merk

Alemannic German: Märcht

Bavarian: Morkt

Central Franconian: Maat, Mart (less common)

German: Markt

Luxembourgish: Maart

Yiddish: מאַרק (mark)

Borrowed from Late Latin marcātus, from Classical Latin mercātus.


wechalter

German: Wacholder

wechal + ter.
* The first element is related to wickilī (“fibres wound around the distaff”), from Proto-Germanic *wīkaną (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *weg- (“to weave”).
* The second element is related to Proto-West Germanic *teru (“resin, tar”).


holuntar

desc

Middle High German: holunter, holunder, holer

German: Holunder, Holder, Holler; Hohlunder, Hollunder, Holunter, Hohlunter, Hollunter


kelih

desctree

Middle High German: kelich, kelch
Cimbrian: khèlch
German: Kelch
→ English: kelch, Kelch
→ Czech: kalich
→ Polish: kielich
→ Belarusian: ке́ліх (kjélix)
→ Ukrainian: ке́лих (kélyx), ке́лех (kélex)
→ Slovak: kalich
→ Slovene: kẹ́lih


chuhhina

Middle High German: küche, kuche

Alemannic German: Chuchi

Swabian:

Bavarian: Kuche, Kuhe, Kuchl (diminutive)

Cimbrian: khuchl (diminutive)

Mòcheno:

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Kich

Kölsch: Kösch

Luxembourgish: Kichen

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: kych

East Franconian:

German: Küche

Rhine Franconian: Kich, Kiech, Kisch

Frankfurterisch: [kiʃ]

Pennsylvania German: Kich

Yiddish: קיך (kikh)

→ Czech: kuchyně (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кухиња

Latin script: kuhinja

→ Slovene: kuhinja

→ Hungarian: konyha (via some Slavic language)

From Proto-West Germanic *kukinā, from Late Latin cocīna, from earlier coquīna.


mulin

mulīn (canonical feminine)
mulīn (nominative singular)
mulīni (nominative plural)
mulīn (accusative singular)
mulīni (accusative plural)
mulīni (genitive singular)
mulīno (genitive plural)
mulīni (dative singular)
mulīnim (dative plural)
mulīnen (dative plural)
mulī (nominative singular)
mulī (nominative plural)
mulī (accusative singular)
mulī (accusative plural)
mulī (genitive singular)
mulino (genitive plural)
mulī (dative singular)
mulinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: mül, müle

Alemannic German: Müli

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: müul

Mòcheno: mil

Central Franconian: Möhl

Hunsrik: Mihl

Luxembourgish: Millen

German: Mühle

Pennsylvania German: Miehl

Yiddish: מיל (mil)


fuotar

Middle High German: vuoter

Cimbrian: fuutar

German: Futter

Luxembourgish: Fudder

From Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (“fodder”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“guard, graze, feed”). Cognate with Old English fōdor, Old Norse fóðr.


fuotar

Middle High German: vuoter

German: Futter

→ Polish: futro

Luxembourgish: Fudder

→ Venetian: fódro

→? Cimbrian: fòdara

→ Italian: fodero

From Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (“sheath”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect, guard”) + *-þrą. Compare Old English fōdor, Old Norse fóðr, Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂 (fōdr).


sconi

scōnī (canonical feminine)
scōnī (nominative singular)
scōnī (accusative singular)
scōnī (genitive singular)
scōnī (dative singular)

Middle High German:

Alemannic German: Schoon

Derived from the adjective scōni: scōni + -ī.


mado

German: Made


rihhi

rīhhi (canonical neuter)
rīhhi (nominative singular)
rīhhi (nominative plural)
rīhhi (accusative singular)
rīhhi (accusative plural)
rīhhes (genitive singular)
rīhho (genitive plural)
rīhhe (dative singular)
rīhhim (dative plural)
rīhhu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: riche
Bavarian: Reich
German: Reich
→ English: Reich
→ Polish: Reich
→ Russian: рейх (rejx)
Luxembourgish: Räich

→ Polish: rzesza

→ Czech: říše

→ Slovak: ríša

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī (“mighty, rich”).


uter

Middle High German: ūter, iuter

Cimbrian: autar

German: Euter

Luxembourgish: Auder

From Proto-Germanic *ūdarą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewHdʰr̥-, *h₁ówHdʰr̥, *h₁uHdʰr̥- (“udder”).


apful

desctree

Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel
Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil
Swabian: Ebfl
Bavarian: Åpfe
Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl
Mòcheno: epfl
Udinese: eipfele, epfl
Central Franconian: Appel
Hunsrik: Eppel
Luxembourgish: Apel
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel
Vilamovian: epuł
East Franconian:
German: Apfel
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel
Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel
Yiddish: עפּל (epl)

From Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz. Compare Old Frisian appel, Old English æppel, Gothic *𐌰𐍀𐌻𐍃 (*apls).


magad

Middle High German: maget, magt, mait

German: Magd, Maid

Luxembourgish: Mod

Yiddish: מויד (moyd), מאַד (mad)

From Proto-West Germanic *magaþ, from Proto-Germanic *magaþs, from Proto-Indo-European *magʰ(u)- (“young person”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍃 (magaþs) and Old English mæġeþ.


tagon

after manegen tagon

Alternative form of tagum, dative plural of tag


affo

Middle High German: affe

Alemannic German: Aff

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Aff

German: Affe

Luxembourgish: Af

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Aff

Yiddish: אַפֿע (afe)

From Proto-West Germanic *apō, whence also Old English apa, Old Norse api.


maht

maht (nominative singular)
mahti (nominative plural)
maht (accusative singular)
mahti (accusative plural)
mahti (genitive singular)
mahto (genitive plural)
mahti (dative singular)
mahtim (dative plural)
mahten (dative plural)

Middle High German: maht

German: Macht

Yiddish: מאַכט (makht)

From Proto-West Germanic *mahti.
Cognate with Old Saxon maht, Old English miht, Old Frisian macht, Old Norse máttr, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (mahts).


kuo

Middle High German: kuo

Alemannic German: Chue

Alsatian: Küeh

Walser: Chua

Bavarian: Kuah

Cimbrian: khua

Mòcheno: kua

Central Franconian: Koh, Kuh

Hunsrik: Kuh

Luxembourgish: Kou

East Franconian: Kou, Kua, Kuu

German: Kuh

Pennsylvania German: Kuh

Vilamovian: kü

Yiddish: קו (ku)


semfti

semftī (canonical feminine)
semftī (nominative singular)
semftī (accusative singular)
semftī (genitive singular)
semftī (dative singular)


naht

Middle High German: nacht

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: Nàcht

Swabian: Nachd

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: nacht

Mòcheno: nòcht

German: Nacht

Pennsylvania German: Nacht

Hunsrik: Nacht, naacht

Luxembourgish: Nuecht, Nuet

Vilamovian: nocht, naocht

Yiddish: נאַכט (nakht)

From Proto-West Germanic *naht, from Proto-Germanic *nahts.
Compare Old Saxon and Old Dutch naht, Old English niht, neaht, Old Frisian nacht, Old Norse nátt, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (nahts).


storh

German: Storch

From Proto-Germanic *sturkaz, whence also Old English storc, Old Norse storkr.


scur

scūr (canonical masculine)
scūr (nominative singular)
scūri (nominative plural)
scūr (accusative singular)
scūri (accusative plural)
scūres (genitive singular)
scūro (genitive plural)
scūre (dative singular)
scūrim (dative plural)
scūren (dative plural)
scūru (instrumental singular)

desc

Middle High German: schūre, schūr, schoure, schour

German: Schauer

From Proto-West Germanic *skūru, from Proto-Germanic *skūrō, whence also Old Saxon skūr, Old English scūr, Old Norse skúr.


scur

German: Scheuer, Pennsylvania German: Scheier


swert

swërt (canonical neuter)
swert (nominative singular)
swert (nominative plural)
swert (accusative singular)
swert (accusative plural)
swertes (genitive singular)
swerto (genitive plural)
swerte (dative singular)
swertum (dative plural)
swertu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: swert

German: Schwert

Yiddish: שווערד (shverd)

From Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą, whence also Old Saxon swerd, Old Dutch swert, Old English sweord, swyrd, Old Frisian swerd and Old Norse sverð. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to fester, to cut”).


segal

segal (nominative singular)
segala (nominative plural)
segal (accusative singular)
segala (accusative plural)
segales (genitive singular)
segalo (genitive plural)
segale (dative singular)
segalum (dative plural)
segalu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: sëgel

German: Segel

→ Luxembourgish: Seegel

→ Polish: żagiel

From Proto-West Germanic *segl, from Proto-Germanic *seglą, whence also Old English seġl, Old Norse segl.


suozi

suozī (canonical feminine)
suozī (nominative singular)
suozī (accusative singular)
suozī (genitive singular)
suozī (dative singular)

Middle High German: süeze

German: Süße


slaf

slāf (canonical masculine)
slāf (nominative singular)
slāfa (nominative plural)
slāf (accusative singular)
slāfa (accusative plural)
slāfes (genitive singular)
slāfo (genitive plural)
slāfe (dative singular)
slāfum (dative plural)
slāfu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: slāf

Alemannic German: Schloof

German: Schlaf

Hunsrik: Schlof

Luxembourgish: Schlof

Pennsylvania German: Schlof

Vilamovian: śłöf

Yiddish: שלאָף (shlof)

From Proto-West Germanic *slāp, from Proto-Germanic *slēpaz, whence also Old Saxon slāp, Old English slǣp.


nabalo

Middle High German: nabele, nabel

German: Nabel

Hunsrik: Nawel

Luxembourgish: Nuebel

Vilamovian: nowuł

Yiddish: נאָפּל (nopl)


houf

From Proto-West Germanic *haup, from Proto-Germanic *haupaz, whence also Old English hēap, Old Saxon hōp. Compare Old Norse hópr.


niuwi

niuwī (canonical feminine)
niuwī (nominative singular)
niuwī (accusative singular)
niuwī (genitive singular)
niuwī (dative singular)

desctree

Middle High German: niuwe, niwe, nuwe
Alemannic German: Nüwi, Nöüi
German: Neue (obsolete)


erda

ërda (canonical feminine)
ërda (nominative singular)
ërdā (nominative plural)
ërda (accusative singular)
ërdā (accusative plural)
ërda (genitive singular)
ërdōno (genitive plural)
ërdu (dative singular)
ërdōm (dative plural)

Middle High German: ērde

Alemannic German: Ëërde

Bavarian: Erd, Erdn

Cimbrian: èerda

desc

Central Franconian: Ääd, Erd (Moselle Franconian); Äerd

Hunsrik: Äerd

Kölsch: Äd

German: Erde

Luxembourgish: Äerd

Rhine Franconian: Erd

Pennsylvania German: Erd, Aerd, Eaht

Vilamovian: aod

Yiddish: ערד (erd)

From Proto-West Germanic *erþu, whence also Old Saxon and Old Dutch ertha, Old Frisian erthe, Old English eorþe, Old Norse jǫrð, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 (airþa).


arbeo

Middle High German: erbe

German: Erbe


erbi

Middle High German: erbe

German: Erbe

Luxembourgish: Ierwen

From Proto-Germanic *arbiją, whence also Old English ierfe, Old Norse arfr.


holz

holz (nominative singular)
holz (nominative plural)
holz (accusative singular)
holz (accusative plural)
holzes (genitive singular)
holzo (genitive plural)
holze (dative singular)
holzum (dative plural)
holzu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: holz

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hòltz

Mòcheno: holz

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Hols

Luxembourgish: Holz

German: Holz

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: hold̥s

Pennsylvania German: Hols

Vilamovian: hułc

Yiddish: האָלץ (holts)

From Proto-West Germanic *holt, from Proto-Germanic *hultą, from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H-do-, from *kelH- (“to cut”). Germanic cognates include Old English holt, Old Norse holt.


mulinari

desctree

Middle High German: mülnære, mülner, müller
Alemannic German: Müllner
Swabian: Millr
German: Müller
Central Franconian: Müller
Hunsrik: Miller
Luxembourgish: Mëller
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Miller
Vilamovian: myłner
Yiddish: מילער (miler), מילנער (milner)

→ Proto-Slavic: *mъlinařь

Belarusian: млына́р (mlynár)

Ukrainian: млина́р (mlynár)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мли̏на̄р

Latin script: mlȉnār

Slovene: mlinar

Czech: mlynář

Polish: młynarz

Slovak: mlynár

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnārī, from Late Latin molīnārius; equivalent to mulīn + -āri.


alamuosa

Middle High German: almuosen (influenced by Middle Low German)

Cimbrian: almozen

German: Almosen

→ Czech: almužna
→ Polish: jałmużna

From Proto-West Germanic *alemōsinā, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *alemosyna, from Late Latin eleemosyna, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐλεημοσύνη (eleēmosúnē, “pity”).


nuz

Middle High German: nuz

Alemannic German: Nuss

German: Nuss

Hunsrik: Nuss

Luxembourgish: Noss

Pennsylvania German: Nuss

Yiddish: נוס (nus)

From Proto-West Germanic *hnut, from Proto-Germanic *hnuts, whence also Old English hnutu, Old Norse hnot. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *knew-.


nuz

Middle High German:

German: Nutzen

Yiddish: נוץ (nuts)

From Proto-West Germanic *nutu, from Proto-Germanic *nutō, cognate to Old English notu. Related to the verb niozan.


asca

Middle High German: asche

Alemannic German: Äsche

Cimbrian: èssa

German: Asche

Luxembourgish: Äsch

Vilamovian: oś

Yiddish: אַש (ash)

From Proto-West Germanic *askā, whence also Old Saxon aska, Old English æsce, Old Norse aska.


eihhorno

Middle High German: eichurne

Alemannic German: Eichhore, Eichhörnli

German: Eichhorn

⇒ German: Eichhörnchen

⇒ Hunsrik: Eichhernche

From Proto-West Germanic *aikwernō, from Proto-Germanic *aikwernô, whence also Old Saxon ēkhorn, Old English ācweorna, Old Norse íkorni.


egidehsa

Middle High German: egedëhse, eidëhse

Alemannic German: Heidëchsli

Bavarian: Adachsl, Eidachsl

German: Eidechse, Echse

→ Luxembourgish: Eidechs

Luxembourgish: Eederes (dated)

Vilamovian: edikjys

Yiddish: עקדיש (ekdish, “scorpion”)


wara

Middle High German: war

German: *Wahr (wahrnehmen, verwahrlosen)

From Proto-West Germanic *war, from Proto-Germanic *warō (“attention”), whence also Old English wær.


wara

From Proto-Germanic *wērō (“truth”), whence also Old English wær.


arawiz

desc

Middle High German: erweiz, erbeiz, arwīs, arwīz, areweiz

Bavarian: Arbaiß

Cimbrian: érbasa

Central Franconian: Ääz, Eerz (Ripuarian), Arwes, Erwes, Erbes, Erres (Moselle Franconian)

Luxembourgish: Ierbes

German: Erbse

Yiddish: אַרבעס (arbes)

From Proto-West Germanic *arwīt, whence also Old Saxon eriwit, Old Norse ertr and Dutch erwt. Possibly related to Latin ervum and Ancient Greek ὄροβος (órobos).


ambaht

Middle High German: ambahte, ambehte, ambet, ammet, ampt, amt

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: åmt

Mòcheno: omt

German: Amt, Ambt, Ammt, Ampt (obsolete)

Kölsch: Amp

Vilamovian: amt, aomt

→ Middle Dutch: ampt, amt

Dutch: ambt
Afrikaans: amp

Limburgish: amb

From Proto-Germanic *ambahtiją (“service, office”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz (“servant”), from Gaulish *ambactos (“servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”) + *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”). More at umbe, agent.


fenstar

desctree

Middle High German: venster n or f, fenster
Alemannic German: Pfeister, Pfäischter, Feister, Fäischter, Pfenster
Swabian: Fenschdr, Feaschter
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: béestar
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Fenster
Luxembourgish: Fënster
East Central German:
Erzgebirgisch: Fansder
Upper Saxon German: Fensdor
Vilamovian: faonster
East Franconian:
German: Fenster
→ English: fenster
→ North Frisian: Fenster
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurterisch: [fenz̥d̥æ̆]
Palatine German: Fenschder
Pennsylvania German: Fenschder
Yiddish: פֿענצטער (fentster)


pfluma

Middle High German: pflūme, pfrūme
Alemannic German: Fluume
Cimbrian: frauma
German: Pflaume
Hunsrik: Flaum
Vilamovian: fłaojm
Yiddish: פֿלוים (floym)


ebur

ebur (nominative singular)
ebura (nominative plural)
ebur (accusative singular)
ebura (accusative plural)
ebures (genitive singular)
eburo (genitive plural)
ebure (dative singular)
eburum (dative plural)
eburu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: ëber

German: Eber

Hunsrik: Ewert

From Proto-West Germanic *ebur. Cognates include Old English eofor, Old Norse jǫfurr.


ewa

Middle High German: ēwe, ē

Alemannic German: Ee, E-e

German: (Ehe)

From Proto-West Germanic *aiw, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, akin to Old English ǣ.


ginada

gināda (canonical feminine)
gināda (nominative singular)
ginādā (nominative plural)
gināda (accusative singular)
ginādā (accusative plural)
gināda (genitive singular)
ginādōno (genitive plural)
ginādu (dative singular)
ginādōm (dative plural)

Middle High German: gnāde, genāde

Alemannic German: Genad, Gnad

German: Gnade

Luxembourgish: Gnod

Rhine Franconian: Gnad, Gnod

From Proto-West Germanic *ganēþu, from Proto-Germanic *nēþō-, from Proto-Indo-European *net- (“to favor, protect”). Akin to Old Norse náð and Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (niþan, “to help”).


habuch

German: Habicht

From Proto-West Germanic *habuk. Cognate with Old Saxon haƀuk, Old English hafoc, Old Norse haukr.


hevanna

German: Hebamme


houg

From Proto-West Germanic *haug, akin to the adjective hōh.


hevo

Middle High German: heve, hefe; hebe, hefe; hepfen

Bavarian: Hefn, Hepfa, Hepfn

Alemannic German: Hebi

German: Hefe

Hunsrik: Heb

Luxembourgish: Hief

Yiddish: הייוון (heyvn)

From Proto-West Germanic *habbjō. Compare Old English hæf.


hagzissa

desc

Middle High German: hecse, hesse, hexse, hegxse, hexe

German: Hexe

desctree

→ Dutch: heks
Afrikaans: heks
→ Papiamentu: hèks

→ Polish: heks

Luxembourgish: Hex

From Proto-West Germanic *hagatussjā. Congate with Old English hægtesse.


uwila

desc

Middle High German: iuwele, iuwel, iule, ūle

Alemannic German: Üle

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: aul

Central Franconian: Eil

Hunsrik: Eil

Luxembourgish: Eil

Ripuarian: Üül

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: aojł

East Franconian:

German: Eule

Rhine Franconian: Eil, Il

Frankfurterisch: [ail], (newer) [oil]

Pennsylvania German: Eil

From Proto-West Germanic *uwwilā, from Proto-Germanic *uwwalǭ, whence also Old English ūle, Old Norse ugla.


hutta

Middle High German: hütte

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hütt, hütta (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: hitt

German: Hütte

Vilamovian: hytt

→ Danish: hytte

→ Dutch: hut

→ Old French: hutte, hute

Middle French: hutte

French: hutte

→ Middle English: *hutte, hotte

English: hut

→ Saterland Frisian: Hutte

→ West Frisian: hutte

→ Swedish: hytta

From Proto-Germanic *hudjǭ (“hut, shelter”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).


chevia

German: Käfig


fraga

Middle High German: vrāge

Bavarian: Fråg

desctree

German: Frage
→ Yiddish: פֿראַגע (frage)

Hunsrik: Froh

Luxembourgish: Fro

Vilamovian: frög

From Proto-West Germanic *frāgu, from Proto-Germanic *frēgō. Related to Old English fræġn.


wantlus

Middle High German: wantlūs

Alemannic German: Wäntele

Cimbrian: bantzala

German: Wanze

Yiddish: וואַנץ (vants)


kirsa

Middle High German: kirse
Alemannic German: Chirsi, Chirschi
Bavarian: Kiaschn
Cimbrian: khèrsch, khèersa (Sette Comuni)
Kölsch: Körsche
German: Kirsche, Kersche (archaic or dialectal)
→ Estonian: kirss
Luxembourgish: Kiischt, Kiisch
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Kesch
Pennsylvania German: Kasch
Vilamovian: kjyś
Yiddish: קאַרש (karsh)


kihhira

Middle High German: kicher

German: Kicher


chasi

Middle High German: kæse

Alemannic German: Chääs, Chees, Chèès

Alsatian: Käs

Swabian: Kääs

Walser: cheisch, chesch, chiesch, chääs, chìŝch

Bavarian: Kas, Kaas

Cimbrian: kese, khes, khéeze

Mòcheno: kas

Udinese: ckaas, kase, khase

East Franconian: Kaas, Kees

German: Käse

Hunsrik: Kees

Kölsch: Kies

Luxembourgish: Kéis

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Käs

Palatine German: Kees

Pennsylvania German: Kaes

Vilamovian: kȳz

Yiddish: קעז (kez)


giri

Middle High German: gir

German: Gier

From Proto-West Germanic *girī, from Proto-Germanic *girį̄. Akin to the adverb gerno.


zwibollo

Middle High German: zwibolle, zibolle

Central Franconian: Zwiewel

Hunsrik: Zwiwel

Transylvanian Saxon: Zpibel

German: Zwiebel

Luxembourgish: Zwiwwel

Vilamovian: cwypuł

Yiddish: ציבעלע (tsibele)

From Proto-West Germanic *cibollā, altered by a folk-etymological reinterpretation as zwi- (“double”) (Proto-Germanic *twi-) + bolla (“bulb, tuber”) (Proto-Germanic *bullǭ (“round object, ball”).


taht

Middle High German: tāht

Alemannic German: Taache

German: Docht

Vilamovian: töcht, töht

From Proto-Germanic *þanhtu-, from Proto-Indo-European *tonk-tu-. According to Pokorny, this is related to *tek- (“to weave, to plait”), see also Latin texō (“to weave”), Old High German dūhen (“to press”). Cognate to Old Norse þáttr.


keisar

keisar (nominative singular)
keisara (nominative plural)
keisar (accusative singular)
keisara (accusative plural)
keisares (genitive singular)
keisaro (genitive plural)
keisare (dative singular)
keisarum (dative plural)
keisaru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: keiser

desctree

German: Kaiser, Kayser, Käiser, Käyser, Keiser, Keyser (obsolete)
→ Russian: ка́йзер (kájzer, kájzɛr)
→ Upper Sorbian: kejžor

Luxembourgish: Keeser

Yiddish: קייסער (keyser)

→ Middle English: kayser, caisare, caiser, caisoure, cayser, caysere, kaiser, kaisere, keiser
⇒ English: Kaiser, kaiser
→ Scots: Kaiser


kirihha

Middle High German: kirche

desc

Alemannic German: Chilche, Chilä, Chile, Chille

Alsatian: Kirich, Kerich

Swabian: Kirch, Kircha

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: khirch, khércha (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: kirch

Central Franconian: Kirch, Kerch

Eifel: Körch

Hunsrik: Kerrich

Luxembourgish: Kierch

East Central German: Kürche, Küeche

Upper Saxon German: Kersche

East Franconian: Kerch

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Kärsch

desctree

German: Kirche
→ Russian: ки́рха (kírxa), ки́рка (kírka)
→ Ukrainian: кі́рха (kírxa)

Yiddish: קירך (kirkh)

→ Proto-Slavic: *cьrky (see there for further descendants)

From late Proto-West Germanic *kirikā (whence also Old Dutch and Old Saxon kirika, Old English ċiriċe), from Koine Greek κυριακὸν δῶμα (kuriakòn dôma, “Lord's house”), from Ancient Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).

der

κυριακὸν δῶμα


spisa

German: Speise


hulla

Middle High German: hülle

German: Hülle


gir

gīr (canonical masculine)
gīr (nominative singular)
gīra (nominative plural)
gīr (accusative singular)
gīra (accusative plural)
gīres (genitive singular)
gīro (genitive plural)
gīre (dative singular)
gīrum (dative plural)
gīru (instrumental singular)
gīr (nominative singular)
gīri (nominative plural)
gīr (accusative singular)
gīri (accusative plural)
gīres (genitive singular)
gīro (genitive plural)
gīre (dative singular)
gīrim (dative plural)
gīren (dative plural)
gīru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: gīr

Alemannic German: Giir

German: Geier

Luxembourgish: Geier


fira

desctree

Middle High German: vīre, virre, vīere, vīer, fīre, firre, fīere, fīer
German: Feier
Hunsrik: Feier
Luxembourgish: Feier


hona

German: Hohn

From Proto-Germanic *haunijō, *hauniz, whence also the Old English adjective hēan.


ast

Middle High German: ast

Cimbrian: ast

German: Ast

Luxembourgish: Aascht


mittawehha

desc

Middle High German: mittewoche, mitwoche

Alemannic German: Mittwuch

Alsatian: Mettwuch

Italian Walser: mittwuchu, méttwòchò, mittuchu, mettwucchu, méttwucha

Bavarian: Midwoch

Central Franconian: Mettwoch, Medvoch

East Franconian: Middwoch

German: Mittwoch

Luxembourgish: Mëttwoch

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Mittwoch

Vilamovian: mejtwaoch

Calque of Ecclesiastical Latin media hebdomas (“middle of the week”). Equivalent to mitti + wehha. Presumably replaced earlier *wuotanestag (literally “Wuotan's day”), from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag.


mezzisahs

Middle High German: messer, mezzer

Bavarian: Messa

Cimbrian: mèssar, mezzar (Luserna)

Mòcheno: messer

German: Messer

Yiddish: מעסער (meser)

From Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”). Equivalent to maz + sahs.
The compound was obscured at an early time, within the Old High German period, which suggests frequent use.
The original mezzisahs is first reduced to mazsahs.
The form containing -r- then appears still in the Old High German period, as mezzirahs which via mezzarehs, mezziras, mezzeres becomes mezzer.
Middle High German has mezzer virtually exclusively; but compare a 12th-century Rhenish mezsehs, whence r-less forms in contemporary Central Franconian (see Metz, Mäß).


pfil

German: Pfeil

Hunsrik: Peil

Yiddish: פֿײַל (fayl)

From Latin pīlum (“javelin, throwing spear”).


pflanza

Middle High German: pflanze

German: Pflanze


pfruma

Possibly from pflūma, with r retaken from Latin prūnum.


pfost

Middle High German: pfoste, pfost

German: Pfosten


fust

fūst (canonical feminine)
fūst (nominative singular)
fūsti (nominative plural)
fūst (accusative singular)
fūsti (accusative plural)
fūsti (genitive singular)
fūsto (genitive plural)
fūsti (dative singular)
fūstim (dative plural)
fūsten (dative plural)

Middle High German: fūst, vūst, voust

Alemannic German: Fuuscht, Pfuuscht

Bavarian: Faust

Cimbrian: vòista, bòista (Mezzaselva)

Central Franconian: Fuus, Faust

Hunsrik: Faust

Luxembourgish: Fauscht

German: Faust

Yiddish: פֿויסט (foyst)


pfeffar

Middle High German: pfeffer

Cimbrian: fèffar

German: Pfeffer

Hunsrik: Peffer

Luxembourgish: Peffer

Pennsylvania German: Peffer

Yiddish: פֿעפֿער (fefer)


pfunt

Middle High German: pfunt

German: Pfund

Yiddish: פֿונט (funt)


pflastar

Middle High German: pflaster

German: Pflaster
→ Polish: plaster


pforta

Middle High German: pforte, pforze

German: Pforte

→ Old Polish: forta

Polish: furta

→ Old Ruthenian: форта (forta)

⇒ Belarusian: фортка (fórtka)

⇒ Ukrainian: хвіртка (xvirtka)


sambaztag

sambaztag (nominative singular)
sambaztaga (nominative plural)
sambaztag (accusative singular)
sambaztaga (accusative plural)
sambaztages (genitive singular)
sambaztago (genitive plural)
sambaztage (dative singular)
sambaztagum (dative plural)
sambaztagu (instrumental singular)

desc

Middle High German: sameztac, sambeztac, samestdac, sambesttac, sampzdac, samtzdac, samzdac

Alemannic German:

Swabian: Samschtig, Samschdich, Samschdig

Italian Walser: samstag, ŝchamschtog, ŝchàmstàg

Bavarian:

Bavaria: Samsda

Carinthian: Somstog

Cimbrian: såntzta, samtak, zaastag

Mòcheno: sònsta

Styrian: Saumstog

Udinese: sònstach, sonstach, sonsti

Kölsch: Samsdach

German: Samstag

Luxembourgish: Samschdeg

Pennsylvania German: Samschdaag

→ Middle Dutch: samsdach, sampsdach

Dutch: samsdag

From Gothic *𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (*sambatō), an alteration (possibly dialectal, via Byzantine Greek *σάμβατον (*sámbaton, “Sabbath”)) of earlier, biblical 𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (sabbatō), from Koine Greek σάββατον (sábbaton), from Hebrew שבת (shabát), possibly from Akkadian 𒊭𒉺𒀜𒌈 (šapattum, “the middle day of the month”). Equivalent to sambaz + tag.


pfawo

Middle High German: pfāwe, pfā

German: Pfau m, (chiefly Austria) Pfaue f

⇒ German: Pfauhahn f

desc

⇒ Middle High German: *pfāwelīn, *pfāuwelīn (diminutive)

German: Pfäulein (archaic)

→ Estonian: paabulind

→ Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: паўлі́н (paŭlín)

Russian: павли́н (pavlín)

Rhine Franconian: Fau, Pau

Frankfurterisch: IPA [fau]

Yiddish: פּאַווע (pave)


pfilari

pfīlāri (canonical masculine)
pfīlāri (nominative singular)
pfīlāra (nominative plural)
pfīlāri (accusative singular)
pfīlāra (accusative plural)
pfīlāres (genitive singular)
pfīlāro (genitive plural)
pfīlāre (dative singular)
pfīlārim (dative plural)
pfīlāru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: pfīlære, pfīler

German: Pfeiler


phanna

Middle High German: pfanne

Alemannic German: Pfane

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: fanna, fånn (Luserna)

Mòcheno: pfònn

German: Pfanne

Yiddish: פֿאַן (fan)

From Proto-West Germanic *pannā. See German Pfanne.


pfarifrit

Middle High German: phërt, pfërt, pfërit, pfaerît n

Central Franconian: Pääd, Perd (chiefly Moselle Franconian); Päärd (Siegerland Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: Peerd, Peer, Pied

Luxembourgish: Päerd

Transylvanian Saxon: Faard

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: [ˈpfaːɰ]

Silesian East Central German: Faard

Vilamovian: faod

German: Pferd

Rhine Franconian: Pääd, Päär, Per, Perd

Frankfurterisch: [fæː(ɐ̯)t]

Yiddish: פֿערד (ferd)


donaristag

donaristag (nominative singular)
donaristaga (nominative plural)
donaristag (accusative singular)
donaristaga (accusative plural)
donaristages (genitive singular)
donaristago (genitive plural)
donaristage (dative singular)
donaristagum (dative plural)
donaristagu (instrumental singular)

German: Donnerstag

Compound of the genitive form of the name of the god of thunder, Donar, and tag, from Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag (“day of the thunder god”), a calque of Latin dies Iovis.


pfal

Middle High German: phāl, pfāl

German: Pfahl

Luxembourgish: Poul

Vilamovian: föł


mitti

Middle High German: mitte

German: Mitte

Yiddish: מיט (mit)

From Proto-Germanic *midją, whence also Old Norse mið.


tuoch

Middle High German: tuoch

German: Tuch

From Proto-West Germanic *dōk. Akin to Old Norse dúkr.


quecsilbar

German: Quecksilber

quec + silbar, calque of Latin argentum vivum


twerc

Middle High German: twerc

German: Zwerg

From Proto-West Germanic *dwerg, from Proto-Germanic *dwergaz, whence also Old English dweorg, Old Norse dvergr.


ratih

desc

Middle High German: rætich, retich; rædich, redich

Alemannic German: Räätrich

Central Franconian: Rädich, Reddich, Redich, Riedich

German: Rettich

Yiddish: רעטעך (retekh)


lina

German: Leine

Central Franconian: Leng, Lein

a line, a yarn (originally made of flax)


mila

Middle High German: mīle, mīl

German: Meile

Luxembourgish: Meil

Yiddish: מײַל (mayl)


gouh

gouh (nominative singular)
gouha (nominative plural)
gouh (accusative singular)
gouha (accusative plural)
gouhes (genitive singular)
gouho (genitive plural)
gouhe (dative singular)
gouhum (dative plural)
gouhu (instrumental singular)

German: Gauch

Common Germanic, akin to Old English ġēac, Old Norse gaukr, from Proto-West Germanic *gauk.


skiluf

Middle High German: schilf

German: Schilf


essa

Middle High German: esse

Alemannic German: Ess

German: Esse

From Proto-Germanic *asjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-.


questa

German: Quaste


senef

Middle High German: senf

German: Senf

→ Macedonian: сенф (senf)

→ Serbo-Croatian: sȅnf

Yiddish: זענעפֿט (zeneft)


riomo

German: Riemen


riemo

Middle High German: rieme

German: Riemen


hopfo

desctree

Middle High German: hopfe
German: Hopfen

From Proto-Germanic *huppô (“hops”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keup (“tuft, hair of the head”), referring to the plant's appearance. See also Old Saxon hoppo, Old High German hopfo, Middle English hoppe.


krapho

Middle High German: krapfe

Alemannic German: Chrapfe

German: Krapfe, Krapfen

→ Italian: graffa

From Proto-West Germanic *krappō. Compare Old Saxon krappo.


zogo

Middle High German: zoge, zog

German: Zog

From Proto-West Germanic *togō, from Proto-Germanic *tugô, whence also Old English toġa.


struz

strūz (canonical masculine)
strūz (nominative singular)
strūza (nominative plural)
strūz (accusative singular)
strūza (accusative plural)
strūzes (genitive singular)
strūzo (genitive plural)
strūze (dative singular)
strūzum (dative plural)
strūzu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: strūze, strūz, strouz

German: Strauß

Hunsrik: Straus

Luxembourgish: Strauss

Yiddish: שטרויס (shtroys)

→ Czech: pštros

→ Slovak: pštros

Borrowed from Italian struzzo, or Latin struthio, from Ancient Greek στρουθίων (strouthíōn).


besamo

Middle High German: bëseme, bësme

German: Besen

Luxembourgish: Biesem

Yiddish: בעזעם (bezem)

From Proto-West Germanic *besmō (“branch, rod, broom”), whence also Old English besema. More at besom.


nollo

nollo (nominative singular)
nollon (nominative plural)
nollun (nominative plural)
nollon (accusative singular)
nollun (accusative singular)
nollon (accusative plural)
nollun (accusative plural)
nollen (genitive singular)
nollin (genitive singular)
nollōno (genitive plural)
nollen (dative singular)
nollin (dative singular)
nollōm (dative plural)
nollōn (dative plural)


olbenta

Middle High German: olbende

From Proto-Germanic *ulbanduz (“camel”), from Ancient Greek ἐλέφας (eléphas, “elephant”). The sense developed in Germanic through confusion. Doublet of helfant (“elephant”), a later borrowing in the original meaning.


weiso

Middle High German: weise

German: Waise

⇒ Cimbrian: böozle (diminutive)


herizogo

Middle High German: herzoge, herzog

desctree

German: Herzog
→ Albanian: hercog
→ Bulgarian: херцо́г (hercóg)
→ Saterland Frisian: Härtsoch
→ Georgian: ჰერცოგი (hercogi)
→ Hungarian: herceg
→ Latgalian: gercogs
→ Latvian: hercogs
→ Lithuanian: hercogas
→ Luxembourgish: Herzog
→ Ottoman Turkish: هرسك (hersek)
→ Russian: ге́рцог (gércog)
→ Azerbaijani: hersoq
→ Uzbek: gersog
→ Translingual: Herzogiella
→ Ukrainian: ге́рцог (hércoh)
→ Saterland Frisian: Härtsoch
→ Serbo-Croatian: Херцег

Yiddish: הערצאָג (hertsog)

→ Slovak: herzog

From Proto-West Germanic *harjatogō (“army leader”). Equivalent to heri (“army”) + *zogo (“leader”).

inh

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


magazogo

From *mago (“boy”) + *zogo (“leader”). The former element is from Proto-West Germanic *magu.


gisellio

Middle High German: geselle

Cimbrian: khsell

German: Geselle

Luxembourgish: Gesell


stro

Middle High German: strō

German: Stroh

Luxembourgish: Stréi

Vilamovian: śtruf

Yiddish: שטרוי (shtroy)

From Proto-West Germanic *strau, see also Old English strēaw, Old Norse strá.


streno

Middle High German: strene

German: Strähne


gifeho

gifeho (nominative singular)
gifehon (nominative plural)
gifehun (nominative plural)
gifehon (accusative singular)
gifehun (accusative singular)
gifehon (accusative plural)
gifehun (accusative plural)
gifehen (genitive singular)
gifehin (genitive singular)
gifehōno (genitive plural)
gifehen (dative singular)
gifehin (dative singular)
gifehōm (dative plural)
gifehōn (dative plural)


wizago

wīzago (canonical masculine)
wīzago (nominative singular)
wīzagon (nominative plural)
wīzagun (nominative plural)
wīzagon (accusative singular)
wīzagun (accusative singular)
wīzagon (accusative plural)
wīzagun (accusative plural)
wīzagen (genitive singular)
wīzagin (genitive singular)
wīzagōno (genitive plural)
wīzagen (dative singular)
wīzagin (dative singular)
wīzagōm (dative plural)
wīzagōn (dative plural)


totoro

Middle High German: toter, tuter

German: Dotter

Luxembourgish: Dueder

From Proto-West Germanic *dodrō (“egg yolk”).


flado

Middle High German: vlade

German: Flade, Fladen

Luxembourgish: Flued


einhurno

Middle High German: einhurne, einhorn

German: Einhorn

Yiddish: איינהאָרן (eynhorn)

Calque of Latin ūnicornis, itself a calque of Ancient Greek μονόκερως (monókerōs).


furisto

Middle High German: vürste

German: Fürst

Luxembourgish: viischt (possibly)

A superlative meaning "first," from Proto-West Germanic *furist, from Proto-Germanic *furistaz. Related to Old English fyrest.


brato

German: Brät, Brat, Braten

Related to the verb brātan which derived from Proto-Germanic *brēdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”).


heidano

German: Heide

→ Yiddish: הייד (heyd)

Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz, a calque of Latin paganus; equivalent to heida (“wilderness”) + -ano.


habaro

Middle High German: habere, haber

Cimbrian: habarn pl

German: Haber

Luxembourgish: Huewer

Yiddish: האָבער (hober)


lih

līh (canonical feminine neuter)
līh (nominative singular)
līhi (nominative plural)
līh (accusative singular)
līhi (accusative plural)
līhi (genitive singular)
līho (genitive plural)
līhi (dative singular)
līhim (dative plural)
līhen (dative plural)
līh (nominative singular)
līh (nominative plural)
līh (accusative singular)
līh (accusative plural)
līhes (genitive singular)
līho (genitive plural)
līhe (dative singular)
līhum (dative plural)
līhu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: leich

Central Franconian: Lich

Bavarian: Leich

German: Leiche

Luxembourgish: Läich

From Proto-West Germanic *līk. Compare Old Saxon līk, Old English līc, Old Norse lík, Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺 (leik).


goumo

Middle High German: goume, goum

Cimbrian: gaumo

German: Gaum; Gaumen

From Proto-Germanic *gaumô, an alternative form of *gōmô (“gum, palate”), whence also Old English gōma.


elho

German: Elch

From Proto-Germanic *elhaz. Akin to Old English eolc, Old Norse elgr.


huosto

Middle High German: huoste

Alemannic German: Hueste

German: Husten


mennisko

Middle High German: mensch, mensche

Alemannic German: Mänsch

Bavarian: Mensch

Mòcheno: mènsch

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Mensch

Kölsch: Minsch

Luxembourgish: Mënsch

German: Mensch

Rhine Franconian: Mensch (Frankfurterisch)

Pennsylvania German: Mensch

Vilamovian: menś

desctree

Yiddish: מענטש (mentsh)
→ English: mensch

Substantivization of the adjective mennisk, from Proto-West Germanic *mannisk, from Proto-Germanic *manniskaz (“human”).


brutigomo

desc

Middle High German: brûtegoum, briutegome

German: Bräutigam

Compound of brūt + gomo, from Proto-West Germanic *brūdigumō. Cognates include Old Saxon brūdigomo, Old Frisian brēdgoma, Old English brȳdguma, and Old Norse brúðgumi.


kempfo

Middle High German: kempfe

German: Kämpfe, Kämpfer

Agent noun belonging to Old High German kampf, whence German Kampf.
Cognate to Old Norse kappi, Old English cempa.


bluomo

desctree

Middle High German: bluome
Bavarian: Blama, Bleame, Bleaml, Bloama, Bluma
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Blumm
Kölsch: Bloom
Luxembourgish: Blumm
East Central German:
East Franconian:
German: Blume
Rhine Franconian: Blum, Blumm
Frankfurterisch: [plum]
Pennsylvania German: Blumm
Yiddish: בלום (blum)

From Proto-West Germanic *blōmō. Compare Old Saxon blōmo, Old Norse blóm, blómi, Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 (blōma).


kasto

Middle High German: kaste

desc

Alemannic German: Chaschte, Chaste, Kaschte

German: Kasten

Yiddish: קאַסטן (kastn)


fridu

Middle High German: vride, vrit

Cimbrian: friide

German: Friede, Frieden

Luxembourgish: Fridden

Yiddish: פֿרידן (fridn)

From Proto-West Germanic *friþu, from Proto-Germanic *friþuz.


rahho

Middle High German: rache

Alemannic German: Chrache

German: Rachen


brunno

Middle High German: brunne

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: prunn

Mòcheno: prunn

Central Franconian:

Luxembourgish: Buer, Bur

Hunsrik: Brunne

German: Brunnen (Bronnen, Brunne, Bronne, Brunn)

Rhine Franconian: Brunne

Yiddish: ברונעם (brunem), ברונע (brune), ברונען (brunen)

From Proto-West Germanic *brunnō, from Proto-Germanic *brunnô.


willo

willo (nominative singular)
willon (nominative plural)
willun (nominative plural)
willon (accusative singular)
willun (accusative singular)
willon (accusative plural)
willun (accusative plural)
willen (genitive singular)
willin (genitive singular)
willōno (genitive plural)
willen (dative singular)
willin (dative singular)
willōm (dative plural)
willōn (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wille

Cimbrian: bill

German: Wille

Luxembourgish: Wëllen

From Proto-West Germanic *willjō (“desire, will”).


leimo

Middle High German: leim, lēm

Bavarian: Lahm, Loam

desc

German: Lehm (merged with Middle Low German)

Hunsrik: Lehm

Luxembourgish: Leem

Yiddish: ליים (leym)

From Proto-West Germanic *laimō, from Proto-Germanic *laimô, variant of *laimaz.


knoto

Middle High German: knote, knode

Alemannic German: Chnode

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: khnòtto, khnott (Luserna)

Mòcheno: knott

German: Knoten

From Proto-Germanic *knuppô (“lump, clod”), related to *knappô (“knob”), *knappa-, which is perhaps related to *knappō (“knob, boy”). See also Old English cnotta, Dutch knot.


haso

Middle High German: hase

Alemannic German: Haase

Bavarian: Hås

Cimbrian: haazo, has (Luserna)

Mòcheno: hos

Central Franconian: Has, Hoas

Luxembourgish: Hues

German: Hase
→ French: hase

Vilamovian: hoza

Yiddish: האָז (hoz)


garto

desctree

Middle High German: garte
Alemannic German: Garte, Gaarte
Bavarian: Gåatn, Goatn, Gårtn, Gåschtn
Cimbrian: gaarto, gart (Luserna)
Central Franconian: (Ripuarian) Jaade, Jaat, (Moselle Franconian) Gaade, Gaarde, Goarde, Goart, ([ˈɡɔːɐ̯tn̩] Britten)
Hunsrik: Gaarde
Luxembourgish: Gaart
East Franconian: [ˈɡ̊ad̥n̩]
German: Garten
Rhine Franconian: (South Hessian) /ˈɡaːtə/, /ˈɡaːrə/, (Palatine) /ˈɡaːtə/
Pennsylvania German: Gaarde
Yiddish: גאָרטן (gortn)

From Proto-West Germanic *gardō, from Proto-Germanic *gardô.


heigaro

Middle High German: heiger, reiger

German: Reiher
→ Saterland Frisian: Raier

Luxembourgish: Räer

→ Italian: airone (partially from Old French)

From Proto-West Germanic *hraigrō, from Proto-Germanic *haigrô, *hraigrô.


lenzo

Middle High German: lenze

desc

Alemannic German: Langssi, langsé (Formazza)

Bavarian: longas, lòngas, longast

Cimbrian: langaz, langhes, långez; lentz

Mòcheno: langes

German: Lenz


grafio

Middle High German: grâve

German: Graf


ohso

Middle High German: ohse, ochse, osse, ox

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: oks

Mòcheno: ocks

desctree

German: Ochse, Ochs (regional or poetic)
→ Luxembourgish: Ochs

Central Franconian: Ohs

Luxembourgish: Uess

Yiddish: אָקס (oks)

From Proto-West Germanic *ohsō, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn.