karpho

German: Karpfen

From a Germanic source allied with Dutch karper, Old Norse karfe, karfi, Gothic *𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*karpa). Outside of Germanic, compared with Sanskrit शफर (śaphara), Welsh carp, Lithuanian šapalas. However, the un-shifted Germanic k suggests that the word entered Indo-European languages through Germanic and is ultimately from a non-Indo-European substrate native to the Alpine region and Danube basin.


sparo

Middle High German: sparwe, spare, spar

Alemannic German: Spar

⇒ Middle High German: spaz, spatze (diminutive)

Alemannic German: Spatz, Schpatz

Bavarian: Spåtz

German: Spatz
→ Luxembourgish: Spatz

⇒ Old High German: sperilig

Middle High German: sperlinc

German: Sperling

Yiddish: שפּערל (shperl)

From Proto-West Germanic *sparwō, related to Old English spearwa, Gothic 𐍃𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰 (sparwa).


kneo

Middle High German: knie

Alemannic German: Chnüüw

Cimbrian: khnia

German: Knie

Luxembourgish: Knéi

Vilamovian: kni

Yiddish: קני (kni)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *knewą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Compare Old Saxon knio, Old English cnēow, Old Norse kné, Gothic 𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌿 (kniu).


nioro

nioro (nominative singular)
nioron (nominative plural)
niorun (nominative plural)
nioron (accusative singular)
niorun (accusative singular)
nioron (accusative plural)
niorun (accusative plural)
nioren (genitive singular)
niorin (genitive singular)
niorōno (genitive plural)
nioren (dative singular)
niorin (dative singular)
niorōm (dative plural)
niorōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: niere

German: Niere f

→ Luxembourgish: Nier

Hunsrik: Nier

q

archaic, but see <i class="Latn mention" lang="lb">Éierchen</i>

Luxembourgish: Néier (archaic, but see Éierchen)

Yiddish: ניר (nir)


cundo

Cognate with Old English cūþa, Middle Dutch conde (“acquaintance, friend”).
To be distinguished from chundeo (“witness”).


faso

Middle High German: vase

German: Faser

From Proto-West Germanic *fasō, of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pē̆s- (“to blow”), which could be related to Polish pasmo (“band, strip, streak”). But, according to Kroonen, this is at odds with the spelling variants *fesōn and *fisōn, and he prefers a connection with Ancient Greek πτύσσω (ptússō, “I fold”), from a Pre-Germanic root *fisan-, from Proto-Indo-European *tpis-e- << *tpis-.


reho

rēho (canonical masculine)
rēho (nominative singular)
rēhon (nominative plural)
rēhun (nominative plural)
rēhon (accusative singular)
rēhun (accusative singular)
rēhon (accusative plural)
rēhun (accusative plural)
rēhen (genitive singular)
rēhin (genitive singular)
rēhōno (genitive plural)
rēhen (dative singular)
rēhin (dative singular)
rēhōm (dative plural)
rēhōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: rēch n, rē n

Bavarian:

Mòcheno: reach

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Reh

Luxembourgish: Réi

German: Reh

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: [ʀeː]

From Proto-West Germanic *raihō, from Proto-Germanic *raihô, cognate with Old English rāha, rā, Proto-Norse ᚱᚨᛇᚺᚨᚾ (raïhan) (genitive singular) Old Norse rá.


drubo

German: Traube

Yiddish: טרויב (troyb)


tropfo

Middle High German: tropfe

German: Tropfe, Tropfen

Yiddish: טראָפּן (tropn), טראָפּ (trop)

From Proto-West Germanic *dropō, whence also Old English dropa, Old Norse dropi.


tumphilo

German: Tümpel

From Proto-Germanic *dumpilaz, related to *deupaz (“deep”). See also modern German Tümpel and English dimple.


borto

Middle High German: borte m or f

German: Borte

From Proto-West Germanic *bordō, from Proto-Germanic *burdô. Cognate with Old English borda, borde and Old Norse borði.

seam, hem (point of attachment between fabrics)


fetiro

German: Vetter


silbar

Middle High German: silber

Bavarian: Süber, Suiber

Cimbrian: silbar

Mòcheno: silber

German: Silber

Kölsch: Seleve

Luxembourgish: Sëlwer

Pennsylvania German: Silwer

Vilamovian: zyłwer

Yiddish: זילבער (zilber)

From Proto-West Germanic *silubr, whence also Old English seolfor, Old Norse silfr.


trahho

trahho (nominative singular)
trahhon (nominative plural)
trahhun (nominative plural)
trahhon (accusative singular)
trahhun (accusative singular)
trahhon (accusative plural)
trahhun (accusative plural)
trahhen (genitive singular)
trahhin (genitive singular)
trahhōno (genitive plural)
trahhen (dative singular)
trahhin (dative singular)
trahhōm (dative plural)
trahhōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: trache

Alemannic German: Traach

Bavarian: Drack

German: Drache

Luxembourgish: Draach

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Drach

Vilamovian: draoch


herro

hērro (canonical masculine)
hērro (nominative singular)
hērron (nominative plural)
hērrun (nominative plural)
hērron (accusative singular)
hērrun (accusative singular)
hērron (accusative plural)
hērrun (accusative plural)
hērren (genitive singular)
hērrin (genitive singular)
hērrōno (genitive plural)
hērren (dative singular)
hērrin (dative singular)
hērrōm (dative plural)
hērrōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: herre

Alemannic German: Heer

Cimbrian: hear, hèere (Sette Comuni)

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Herr, hër

German: Herr

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Harr

Yiddish: הער (her)

From earlier hērōro, comparative form of hēr (“gray-haired, old; noble, venerable”), from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey; old, distinguished”). Compare the same semantic development from Latin senior to Old French seignor, whence the feudal meaning was loaned to Old High German in Carolingian times.


tiufal

tiufala (plural)
tiufal (nominative singular)
tiufala (nominative plural)
tiufal (accusative singular)
tiufala (accusative plural)
tiufales (genitive singular)
tiufalo (genitive plural)
tiufale (dative singular)
tiufalum (dative plural)
tiufalu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: tiuvel, tievel

Alemannic German: Tüüfel

Swabian: Deifel

Bavarian: Deiwi, Deifi, Teifi

Cimbrian: taüvl

desc

Central Franconian: Düüvel, Deuvel, Deivel

Hunsrik: Deivel

Luxembourgish: Däiwel

East Central German: Deibel, Teibel, Teifel

Vilamovian: tojfuł

→ German: Deibel

German: Teufel

Rhine Franconian: Deiwel

Pennsylvania German: Deiwel

Yiddish: טײַוול (tayvl)

From Proto-West Germanic *diubul; see modern German Teufel for more. The word might have adopted its -f- by association with tiof (“deep”), as the expected form would be *tiubal.


friatag

frīatag (canonical masculine)
frīatag (nominative singular)
frīataga (nominative plural)
frīatag (accusative singular)
frīataga (accusative plural)
frīatages (genitive singular)
frīatago (genitive plural)
frīatage (dative singular)
frīatagum (dative plural)
frīatagu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: vrītac

Alemannic German: Fritig

Italian Walser: fritog, frittag, vrittàg, vréitag

Swabian: Freidig, Fri'tig, Freidich

Bavarian: Freida

Carinthian: Freitog

Cimbrian: vraitag, braitag, vraita, fraitak

Mòcheno: vraita

Styrian: Freitog

Udinese: vraitach, vraiti

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: Friedach

East Franconian:

Main-Franconian: Freidich

German: Freitag

Luxembourgish: Freideg

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Freidach

Pennsylvania German: Freidaag

Vilamovian: fretaog

Yiddish: פֿרײַטאָג (fraytog)

From Proto-West Germanic *Frījā dag (literally “day of Frigg”), a calque of Latin diēs Veneris. Equivalent to Frīa + tag.


rifo

From the oblique stem *hrīp of Proto-Germanic *hrīmô (“hoarfrost”).


fihu

desc

Middle High German: vihe, vëhe, vich, viech, vech, vie, vē

Alemannic German: Vëh

Swabian: Viech

Bavarian: Viech

Cimbrian: viighe, biighe (Mezzaselva)

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: Viech

German: Vieh; Viech (with distinction)

Luxembourgish: Véi

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Veh, Veih, Vieh

Palatine: Veh, Vieh, Viech

Yiddish: פֿיך (fikh)

From Proto-Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Indo-European *péḱu (“livestock, domestic animals”). Germanic cognates include Old Saxon fehu (Low German Veeh), Old English feoh (“cattle, property”) (English fee), Dutch vee, Old Frisian fia (West Frisian fee), Old Norse fé (Danish fæ, Swedish fä), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿 (faihu). The Indo-European root is also the source of Sanskrit पशु (paśu, “cattle”), Latin pecus, Old Armenian ասր (asr, “fleece”) and Lithuanian pekus (“cattle”).


sunna

sunna (nominative singular)
sunnun (nominative plural)
sunnūn (accusative singular)
sunnun (accusative plural)
sunnūn (genitive singular)
sunnōno (genitive plural)
sunnūn (dative singular)
sunnōm (dative plural)
sunnōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: sunne f or m
Alemannic German: Sunnä
Italian Walser: sunna, sunnu, sònnò, ŝchunna, ŝchunnà
Bavarian: Son
Cimbrian: sunn, sonde, zunna
Mòcheno: sunn
Udinese: suna, sune, sunne
Viennese: Sun
Central Franconian: Sonn
German: Sonne
Luxembourgish: Sonn
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Sunn
Pennsylvania German: Sunn
Vilamovian: zunn, zun
Yiddish: זון (zun)

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnā (“sun”).


sunna

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō.


funcho

German: Funke


dumo

dūmo (canonical masculine)
dūmo (nominative singular)
dūmon (nominative plural)
dūmun (nominative plural)
dūmon (accusative singular)
dūmun (accusative singular)
dūmon (accusative plural)
dūmun (accusative plural)
dūmen (genitive singular)
dūmin (genitive singular)
dūmōno (genitive plural)
dūmen (dative singular)
dūmin (dative singular)
dūmōm (dative plural)
dūmōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: dūme

Cimbrian: daumo

German: Daumen

Luxembourgish: Daum

From Proto-West Germanic *þūmō, from Proto-Germanic *þūmô.


rocko

Middle High German: rocke

German: Rocken (archaic)

Mòcheno: rocken

From Proto-West Germanic *roggō, whence also Old Saxon roggo, Old Dutch *roggo, and Old Frisian rogga. Old English ryġe and Old Norse rugr are also closely related. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo- (compare Russian рожь (rožʹ) and Old Prussian rugis).


rocko

German: Rocken

From Proto-Germanic *rukkô, akin to Old Norse rokkr.


bogo

bogo (nominative singular)
bogon (nominative plural)
bogun (nominative plural)
bogon (accusative singular)
bogun (accusative singular)
bogon (accusative plural)
bogun (accusative plural)
bogen (genitive singular)
bogin (genitive singular)
bogōno (genitive plural)
bogen (dative singular)
bogin (dative singular)
bogōm (dative plural)
bogōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: boge

German: Bogen

Hunsrik: Bohe

Luxembourgish: Bou

desc

Rhine Franconian: Boche, Bouche, Boge, Boo, Booe

Frankfurterisch: [b̥oːɣ̥ə]

Yiddish: בויגן (boygn)

From Proto-West Germanic *bogō, see also Old Saxon bogo, Old English boga, Old Norse bogi.


wehha

Middle High German: wëche, woche

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: bòchò, wuchu, wucha, wucchu

Bavarian: Woch, Wocha, Wochn

Cimbrian: bòcha, boch (Luserna)

Mòcheno: boch

Central Franconian: Woch, Wech, Wääch (Ripuarian; now widely obsolete)

German: Woche

Luxembourgish: Woch

Pennsylvania German: Woch

Vilamovian: woch

Yiddish: וואָך (vokh)

From Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“sequence, week”), whence also Old English wiċe, Old Norse vika.


stuba

Middle High German: stube

Alemannic German: Schtube, Schtub, Stube

Swabian:

Bavarian:

Central Franconian: Stuvv

Luxembourgish: Stuff

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: [ˈʂʈuːp]

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: śtuw

East Franconian:

German: Stube

Rhine Franconian: Stubb, Stobb, Stoob, Stow, Stuw

Frankfurterisch: [ʃd̥up]

Yiddish: שטיבל (shtibl), שטוב (shtub)

→ English: shtiebel

→ Hungarian: szoba (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian: soba


hano

hano (nominative singular)
hanon (nominative plural)
hanun (nominative plural)
hanon (accusative singular)
hanun (accusative singular)
hanon (accusative plural)
hanun (accusative plural)
hanen (genitive singular)
hanin (genitive singular)
hanōno (genitive plural)
hanen (dative singular)
hanin (dative singular)
hanōm (dative plural)
hanōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: hane, han

Alemannic German: Haane

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Haan

Cimbrian: haano, hå (Luserna)

German: Hahn

Luxembourgish: Hunn

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Haahne

Yiddish: האָן (hon)

From Proto-West Germanic *hanō, from Proto-Germanic *hanô, from Proto-Indo-European *kan- (“to sing”). Compare Old Saxon hano, Old English hana, Old Norse hani, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 (hana).


finco

Middle High German: vinke

Bavarian: Pienke

Cimbrian: finko

German: Fink
→ Estonian: vint

Pennsylvania German: Fink

From Proto-Germanic *finkô, whence also Old English finċ.


wado

German: Wade

From Proto-Germanic *waþwô. Cognate with Old Saxon watho, Old Norse vǫðvi.


amsala

Middle High German: amsel

German: Amsel


blio

Middle High German: blī

German: Blei

Luxembourgish: Bläi

Vilamovian: błaj

Yiddish: בלײַ (blay)


knappo

Middle High German: knappe

German: Knappe

Mòcheno: knòpp


burgeo

Middle High German: bürge

German: Bürge

Luxembourgish: Bierg

From Proto-Germanic *burgijô, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ- (“to safeguard, protect; to preserve”).


kouf

German: Kauf

Back-formation from the Old High German verb koufōn


balz

>? Middle High German: balz, balzer

German: Balz (etymology disputed)

From Proto-Germanic *baltaz, *baltijaz (“belt, girdle”), whence also Old English belt, Old Norse belti.


biscof

Middle High German: bischof

Cimbrian: bissof

German: Bischof

Vilamovian: bisküp

Yiddish: בישאָף (bishof)

Borrowed from Latin episcopus, whence also Old English biscop, Old Norse biskup.


bremo

German: Bremse

From Old Saxon brimissa, from *brummōn, from Proto-West Germanic *brummōn (“to buzz, drone”).


metu

Middle High German: mete, met

German: Met

From Proto-West Germanic *medu. Compare Old Saxon, Old Dutch medu, Old Norse mjǫðr.


backo

backo (nominative singular)
backon (nominative plural)
backun (nominative plural)
backon (accusative singular)
backun (accusative singular)
backon (accusative plural)
backun (accusative plural)
backen (genitive singular)
backin (genitive singular)
backōno (genitive plural)
backen (dative singular)
backin (dative singular)
backōm (dative plural)
backōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: backe

German: Backe

Yiddish: באַק (bak)


cheviro

Middle High German: kever

Alemannic German: Chääfer

German: Käfer

→ Ladin: chëifer

q

from MHG <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmh">*keverlinc</i>

⇒ Luxembourgish: Kiewerlek (from MHG *keverlinc)

From Proto-West Germanic *kefrō, whence also Old English ceafor (English chafer), Old Dutch *keviro (Dutch kever), Old Saxon kevera (Low German Käver).


kezzil

Middle High German: kezzel

Cimbrian: khéssel

German: Kessel

Hunsrik: Kessel

Luxembourgish: Kessel

Pennsylvania German: Kessel

Vilamovian: kesuł

Yiddish: קעסל (kesl)


koufo

Middle High German: koufe


galgo

Middle High German: galge

Alemannic German: Galge

desctree

German: Galgen
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: галге
Latin script: galge

Luxembourgish: Gaalgen

From Proto-West Germanic *galgō, see also Old Saxon galgo, Old Frisian galga, Old English ġealga, Old Norse galgi, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌰 (galga).


kolbo

Middle High German: kolbe

Alemannic German: Cholbe, Cholpe

Bavarian: Koim, Koibm

Central Franconian: Kolf, Kolwe

Hunsrik: Kolve

German: Kolben

→ Luxembourgish: Kolben

Luxembourgish: Kollef, Kolf

Rhine Franconian: Kolwe

Pennsylvania German: Kolwe

From Proto-West Germanic *kolbō, derivative of Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“round object”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to form into a ball”). Cognate to Old Norse kylfa and kolfr.


anto

Middle High German: ande

German: Ahnd, And

From Proto-West Germanic *anadō. Cognates include Old English anda.


armilo

Middle High German: ermel

Alemannic German: Ärmel

Cimbrian: èrmel

German: Ärmel

Hunsrik: Aarmel

Yiddish: אַרבל (arbl)


elinbogo

elinbogo (nominative singular)
elinbogon (nominative plural)
elinbogun (nominative plural)
elinbogon (accusative singular)
elinbogun (accusative singular)
elinbogon (accusative plural)
elinbogun (accusative plural)
elinbogen (genitive singular)
elinbogin (genitive singular)
elinbogōno (genitive plural)
elinbogen (dative singular)
elinbogin (dative singular)
elinbogōm (dative plural)
elinbogōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: elenboge

German: Ellenboge, Ellbogen, Ellenbogen

Luxembourgish: Ielebou

Vilamovian: ełböga

Yiddish: עלנבויגן (elnboygn)

From Proto-Germanic *alinabugô. By surface analysis, elina (“ulna, ell”) + bogo (“bow, arch”).


kerno

German: Kern

Yiddish: קערן (kern)


namo

namo (nominative singular)
namon (nominative plural)
namun (nominative plural)
namon (accusative singular)
namun (accusative singular)
namon (accusative plural)
namun (accusative plural)
namen (genitive singular)
namin (genitive singular)
namōno (genitive plural)
namen (dative singular)
namin (dative singular)
namōm (dative plural)
namōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: name

Alemannic German: Naame

Italian Walser: namä, noame, nomu, nàmund

Bavarian: Nama, Nam, Nåm

Cimbrian: nåm, name, naamo

Mòcheno: nu'm

Udinese: nome, nòmm, nome, nomat

German: Name, Namen

Luxembourgish: Numm

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Naame

Yiddish: נאָמען (nomen)

From Proto-West Germanic *namō, whence also Old Saxon namo and Old Dutch namo, Old English nama, Old Norse nafn, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉 (namō).


chleo

Middle High German: klē

Central Franconian: Klee, Klie

Cimbrian: khlea

German: Klee

Luxembourgish: Kléi

desc

Rhine Franconian: Klee, Kleje, Klie, Kläi

Vilamovian: kłej


floccho

Borrowed from Latin floccus; akin to Old English floc.


asc

Middle High German: asche, esche

Cimbrian: ess

German: Esche

Luxembourgish: Esch

Yiddish: אַשבוים (ashboym)

⇒? German: Essen (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *ask, see also Old English æsc, Old Norse askr.


kimo

German: Keim


farah

Middle High German: varch

⇒ Old High German: farhīli, farheli (diminutive)

Middle High German: verkel, verhel

Alemannic German: Färli

German: Ferkel

Luxembourgish: Fierkel

From Proto-West Germanic *farh, whence also Old English fearh.


giferto

German: Gefährte


gisindo

German: Gesinde


sterno

desctree

Middle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn
Alemannic German: Stern
Bavarian: Stean
Mòcheno: stern
Central Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern
Hunsrik: Stern
Luxembourgish: Stär
German: Stern
Vilamovian: śtaom
Yiddish: שטערן (shtern)

From Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Compare Old Saxon sterro, Old Frisian stēra, Old English steorra, Old Norse stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō).


gomo

gomo (nominative singular)
gomon (nominative plural)
gomun (nominative plural)
gomon (accusative singular)
gomun (accusative singular)
gomon (accusative plural)
gomun (accusative plural)
gomen (genitive singular)
gomin (genitive singular)
gomōno (genitive plural)
gomen (dative singular)
gomin (dative singular)
gomōm (dative plural)
gomōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: gome

From Proto-West Germanic *gumō. See also Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma).


gimazzo

Of West Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *gamatô, *gamatjô, itself from *ga- (“together”) + *matjô, from *matiz (“food”).


kurzi

kurzī (canonical feminine)
kurzī (nominative singular)
kurzī (nominative plural)
kurzī (accusative singular)
kurzī (accusative plural)
kurzī (genitive singular)
kurzino (genitive plural)
kurzī (dative singular)
kurzinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: kürze

German: Kürze


fano

Middle High German: vane, van

Alemannic German: Faane

Cimbrian: baane

German: Fahne
→ Silesian: fana

Hunsrik: Faan

Yiddish: פֿאָן (fon)

From Proto-West Germanic *fanō, from Proto-Germanic *fanô, whence also Old English fana, Old Norse fani.


harti

hartī (canonical feminine)
hartī (nominative singular)
hartī (accusative singular)
hartī (genitive singular)
hartī (dative singular)

Middle High German: herte

German: Härte

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hardī, from Proto-Germanic *hardį̄; equivalent to hart (“hard”) + -ī.


grabo

From a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *graban (“to dig”).


gingibero

desc

Middle High German: ingeber, ingewer, ingwer, gingebere

desctree

German: Ingwer, Ingber, Imber (dialectal, obsolete)
→ Estonian: ingver
→ Latvian: ingvers
→ Luxembourgish: Ingwer
→ Polish: imbir, imbier, imgbir, imber, ingbier, ingbir, jęgbir, engbier, imgbier, inbier, inbir (obsolete)
→ Belarusian: імбір (imbir)
→ Lithuanian: imbieras
→ Russian: имби́рь (imbírʹ)
→ Ukrainian: імби́р (imbýr)
→ Slovene: īngver, īmber
→ Lower Sorbian: ingwer
→ Upper Sorbian: himbjer, ingwer

Yiddish: אינגבער (ingber)


hako

Middle High German: hāken

Czech: hák

German: Haken

→ Polish: hak

From Proto-West Germanic *hakō, from Proto-Germanic *hakô, from Proto-Indo-European *keg-.


samo

Middle High German: sāme, saume

Cimbrian: zamo

German: Samen, Same (now rare)
→ Japanese: ザーメン (zāmen)

Hunsrik: Some

Luxembourgish: Som

Vilamovian: zöma

Yiddish: זוימען (zoymen) (< saume)

From Proto-West Germanic *sāmō, from Proto-Germanic *sēmô, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₁mn̥. Cognate to Latin sēmen.


jugund

German: Jugend

Yiddish: יוגנט (yugnt)

From Proto-Germanic *jugunþiz, from earlier Proto-Germanic *juwuniþō, whence also Old English ġeoġuþ.


hugu

From Proto-Germanic *hugiz, *huguz, whence also Old English hyġe, Old Norse hugr.


melo

Middle High German: mël

Alemannic German: Mël, Mèhl

Bavarian: Mej, Möö

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Meel

Luxembourgish: Miel

German: Mehl

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Mehl

Vilamovian: maoł

Yiddish: מעל (mel)


starchi

starchī (canonical feminine)
starchī (nominative singular)
starchī (nominative plural)
starchī (accusative singular)
starchī (accusative plural)
starchī (genitive singular)
starchino (genitive plural)
starchī (dative singular)
starchinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: sterke

German: Stärke

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *starkī; equivalent to stark (“strong”) + -ī.


fendo

From Proto-West Germanic *fanþijō (“walker, walking”), from Proto-Indo-European *pent- (“to go, pass”).


zungal

zungal (nominative singular)
zungal (nominative plural)
zungal (accusative singular)
zungal (accusative plural)
zungales (genitive singular)
zungalo (genitive plural)
zungale (dative singular)
zungalum (dative plural)
zungalu (instrumental singular)

From Proto-Germanic *tunglą, whence Old English tungol, Old Norse tungl, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌻 (tuggl) (gloss on Galatians 4:3).
The further etymology is unknown; Pokorny reconstructs a PIE root *dengh- "to shine" just from this Germanic word and a Baltic word for "to seem, to appear" (Lithuanian diñga).
Grimm in his Teutonic Mythology opined that "no doubt", the word was a derivation from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ "lingua", offering the explanation that "the moon and some of the planets, when partially illuminated, do present the appearance of a tongue or sickle" but admits that he knows of no parallel to this in other language and adds the footnote "or was the twinkling of the stars likened to a tingling [züngeln]"http://books.google.com/books?id=Of-9kLGvLUUC&pg=PA700&lpg=PA700&dq=tungl+tuggl&source=bl&ots=PDhPLU4533&sig=2Kesq0J-SA3lA5ZtDNGsv4YPL3g&hl=en&ei=l6prTeXdC9O74gbK5rXfCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=tungl%20tuggl&f=false.
The meaning "moon", which is already found in Old Icelandic prose, is secondary, as evidenced by the surviving Icelandic compound himintungl (= Old English heofontungol, Old High German himilzungal, Old Saxon himiltungal) for "star".


guoti

guotī (canonical feminine)
guotī (nominative singular)
guotī (nominative plural)
guotī (accusative singular)
guotī (accusative plural)
guotī (genitive singular)
guotino (genitive plural)
guotī (dative singular)
guotinum (dative plural)

desc

Middle High German: giute, güete, güöte, guͤte, guͤti

Alemannic German: Gieti, Güeti

Central Franconian: Jöt, Jöde

Hunsrik: Gied

Cimbrian: güute

German: Güte

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Gied, Giede

Palatine German: Giet, Giete

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *gōdī, from Proto-Germanic *gōdį̄; equivalent to guot (“good”) + -ī.


hufo

Middle High German: hūfe

Alemannic German: Hufe

Cimbrian: hauf, haufen

German: Haufe

From Proto-Germanic *hūpô. Related to houf.


folo

Middle High German: vole

From Proto-West Germanic *folō, see also Old English fola, Old Norse foli.


vaz

German: Fass

From Proto-Germanic *fatą, whence also Old English fæt, Old Norse fat.


fulli

fullī (canonical feminine)
fullī (nominative singular)
fullī (accusative singular)
fullī (genitive singular)
fullī (dative singular)

Middle High German: vülle, völle

Alemannic German: Fülli, Völli

German: Fülle, Völle

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fullī, from Proto-Germanic *fullį̄. Consists of foll (“full”) + -ī.


nezzila

Middle High German: nezzel

Cimbrian: éssala (reanalyzed)

German: Nessel

→ Yiddish: ברעננעסל (brennesl)

q

Yiddish: ניסול (nisul) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)


hohi

hōhī (canonical feminine)
hōhī (nominative singular)
hōhī (nominative plural)
hōhī (accusative singular)
hōhī (accusative plural)
hōhī (genitive singular)
hōhino (genitive plural)
hōhī (dative singular)
hōhinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: hœhe, hōhe, hō

Alemannic German: Hechi, Höchi, Hööchi

Swabian: Hea, Hee

Bavarian:

Austrian: He

German: Höhe, Höh

Yiddish: הייך (heykh)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hauhī, from Proto-Germanic *hauhį̄; equivalent to hōh (“high”) + -ī.


nebul

Middle High German: nebel

German: Nebel

Hunsrik: Newel

Luxembourgish: Niwwel

Vilamovian: naowuł

Yiddish: נעפּל (nepl)

From Proto-Germanic *nebulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.


pfapho

German: Pfaffe


lengi

lengī (canonical feminine)
lengī (nominative singular)
lengī (accusative singular)
lengī (genitive singular)
lengī (dative singular)

Middle High German: lenge

Alemannic German: Längi

Alsatian: Länga

Swabian: Läng

Bavarian: Läng, Leng

Central Franconian: Läng, Leng

Hunsrik: Leng

German: Länge

Rhine Franconian: Läng, Leng

Palatine German: Läng

Pennsylvania German: Leng

Vilamovian: łeń

Yiddish: לענג (leng)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *langī, from Proto-Germanic *langį̄; equivalent to lang (“long”) + -ī.


reccho

German: Recke m

From Proto-West Germanic *wrakkjō, whence also Old English wreċċa.


grozi

grōzī (canonical feminine)
grōzī (nominative singular)
grōzī (accusative singular)
grōzī (genitive singular)
grōzī (dative singular)

Middle High German: grœze; (grœzede)

German: Größe

(Luxembourgish: Gréisst)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *grautī, equivalent to grōz + -ī.


querdar

German: Köder

From Proto-Germanic *kwerþraz (“bait”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷérh₃-tro-s, from the root *gʷerh₃- (“to devour”).


pfuzzi

desc

Middle High German: pfütze, putze, pütze, butze, bütze

German: Pfütze, Pütz

Luxembourgish: Pëtz

From Proto-West Germanic *puti (“a well”).


nevo

Middle High German: nëfe, nëve, nëf, nebe

Cimbrian: néf

desctree

German: Neffe, Nefe (obsolete)
→? German Low German: Neffe

From Proto-Germanic *nefô, whence also Old English nefa, Old Norse nefi.


sahs

From Proto-Germanic *sahsą, whence also Old English seax, Old Norse sax.


nezzi

Middle High German: netze

German: Netz

Luxembourgish: Netz

Yiddish: נעץ (nets)

From Proto-West Germanic *nati. Akin to Old Saxon netti, nett, Old English net, nett, Old Norse net, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌹 (nati).


reginbogo

desc

Middle High German: regenboge, rëgenboge

German: Regenbogen

Hunsrik: Rehnbohe

Luxembourgish: Reebou

Vilamovian: ranaböga, rȧnaböga, rȧnböga, raenaböga, rǡnabȫga

Yiddish: רעגנבויגן (regnboygn)

Equivalent to regin + bogo (compare regan), from Proto-West Germanic *regnabogō.


breiti

breitī (canonical feminine)
breitī (nominative singular)
breitī (accusative singular)
breitī (genitive singular)
breitī (dative singular)

Middle High German: breite; breiten

German: Breite

Luxembourgish: Breet

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *braidī, from Proto-Germanic *braidį̄, equivalent to breit (“broad”) + -ī.


siuhhi

siuhhī (canonical feminine)
siuhhī (nominative singular)
siuhhī (nominative plural)
siuhhī (accusative singular)
siuhhī (accusative plural)
siuhhī (genitive singular)
siuhhino (genitive plural)
siuhhī (dative singular)
siuhhinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: siuche

Alemannic German: Siechi

German: Seuche

→ Luxembourgish: Seuch

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *siukī, from Proto-Germanic *siukį̄; equivalent to sioh (“sick”) + -ī.


sunnuntag

desc

Middle High German: sunnentac, sunntac, sunnetac, suntac

Alemannic German:

Swabian: Sunntig, Sonndich

Walser: ŝchunnutog, sònntag, sunntag, sunnatag, ŝchuntàg

Bavarian: Sunnda, sunntach, suntach, sunti

Carinthian: Sunntog

Cimbrian: sunta, suntak, zùntag

Mòcheno: sunta

Styrian: Sunntog

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: Sonndach

East Franconian: Sunndooch

Main-Franconian: Sundich

German: Sonntag

Luxembourgish: Sonndeg

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Sunndaag

Vilamovian: zuntaog

Yiddish: זונטיק (zuntik), זונטאָג (zuntog)

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnōn dag, a calque of Latin diēs Sōlis.


taha

Middle High German: tāhe

German: Tach, Dache (dialectal)

From Proto-West Germanic *dāhwā. Akin to Old English *dawe, English daw.


quala

German: Qual


rucki

rucki (nominative singular)
rucka (nominative plural)
rucki (accusative singular)
rucka (accusative plural)
ruckes (genitive singular)
rucko (genitive plural)
rucke (dative singular)
ruckim (dative plural)
rucku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: rücke

From Proto-West Germanic *hrugi. Cognate with Old English hryċġ (English ridge), Old Norse hryggr.


scozo

Middle High German: schoz, schōze

German: Schoß

Luxembourgish: Schouss

Yiddish: שויס (shoys)


klocca

Middle High German: glocke, glogge

Alemannic German: Glogg

German: Glocke

Luxembourgish: Klack

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Glock

Vilamovian: głok

Yiddish: גלאָק (glok)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin clocca, probably of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”) (compare Welsh cloch, Irish clog), from Proto-Indo-European *klēg-, *klōg- (onomatopoeia).
Akin to Old Norse klokka.


sihhila

Middle High German: sichel

German: Sichel
→ Dutch: zichel

Luxembourgish: Séchel

Vilamovian: sychuł


gazza

Middle High German: gazze

Central Franconian: Jass, Jaas (western Ripuarian); Gass (eastern Moselle Franconian); Gaß (western Moselle Franconian)

Bavarian: Gåssn

German: Gasse

Luxembourgish: Gaass

Yiddish: גאַס (gas)

→ Middle Low German: gatze, gadtze, gasse

Plautdietsch: Gauss

→ Middle Dutch: gasse

Dutch: gas

→ Slovene: gȃsa

From Proto-West Germanic *gatwā, from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ, whence also Old Norse gata, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐍅𐍉 (gatwō).


spuolo

German: Spule


snecco

Middle High German: snëgge, snëcke

Alemannic German: Schnägg

German: Schnecke

→ Dutch: snek

→ Swedish: snäcka

Yiddish: שנעק (shnek)

From Proto-Germanic *sneggô. Akin to Old English *snecga.


sculdheizo

Middle High German: schultheize, schultheiz

German: Schulze, Schultheiß

→ Hungarian: soltész

→ Kashubian: szôłtës

→ Polish: sołtys

→ Romanian: șoltuz

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *skuldihaitijō. Equivalent to sculd + heizzan.


sprozzo

German: Sprosse


slito

German: Schlitten

Luxembourgish: Schlitt


scara

German: Schar

From Proto-West Germanic *skaru, from Proto-Germanic *skarō, whence also Old English sċearu.


scaro

German: Schar

From Proto-Germanic *skar-, *skaraz (“ploughshare”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”), whence also Old English scear (modern English share (“plough-share”)).


swero

From Proto-Germanic *sweraną (“to fester, ulcerate”).


scinco

Middle High German: schinke

German: Schinken (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Schank

Pennsylvania German: Schinke


smero

Middle High German: smër

Alemannic German: Schmër

German: Schmer

→ Polish: smar

→ Carpathian Rusyn: смар (smar)

From Proto-West Germanic *smeru, from Proto-Germanic *smerwą, from Proto-Indo-European *smérus.
Cognate with Old English smeoru, Old Norse smjǫr, Gothic 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂 (smairþr), also Old Irish smiur (“marrow”), Tocharian B ṣmare.


sunno

desctree

Middle High German: sunne f or m
Alemannic German: Sunnä
Italian Walser: sunna, sunnu, sònnò, ŝchunna, ŝchunnà
Bavarian: Son
Cimbrian: sunn, sonde, zunna
Mòcheno: sunn
Udinese: suna, sune, sunne
Viennese: Sun
Central Franconian: Sonn
German: Sonne
Luxembourgish: Sonn
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Sunn
Pennsylvania German: Sunn
Vilamovian: zunn, zun
Yiddish: זון (zun)

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnō. Masculine form of sunna.


stecko

German: Stecken

From Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”), whence also Old English sticca.


sculd

sculd (nominative singular)
sculdi (nominative plural)
sculd (accusative singular)
sculdi (accusative plural)
sculdi (genitive singular)
sculdo (genitive plural)
sculdi (dative singular)
sculdim (dative plural)
sculden (dative plural)

Middle High German: schult, schulde

German: Schuld

→ Esperanto: ŝuldo

Luxembourgish: Schold

Yiddish: שולד (shuld)


tunkali

tunkalī (canonical feminine)
tunkalī (nominative singular)
tunkalī (nominative plural)
tunkalī (accusative singular)
tunkalī (accusative plural)
tunkalī (genitive singular)
tunkalino (genitive plural)
tunkalī (dative singular)
tunkalinum (dative plural)


scado

Middle High German: schade

Central Franconian: Schade

German: Schaden

Hunsrik: Schaade

Luxembourgish: Schued

Yiddish: שאָד (shod)

→ Czech: škoda

desctree

→ Old Polish: szkoda
Polish: szkoda
→ Old East Slavic: шкода (škoda)
Belarusian: шко́да (škóda)
Russian: шко́да (škóda)
Ukrainian: шко́да (škóda)

→ Serbo-Croatian: škȍda, шко̏да

→ Slovak: škoda


sigu

sigu (nominative singular)
sigui (nominative plural)
sigu (accusative singular)
sigui (accusative plural)
sigues (genitive singular)
siguo (genitive plural)
sigue (dative singular)
siguim (dative plural)
siguen (dative plural)
siguu (instrumental singular)

German: Sieg

From Proto-West Germanic *sigʀ, from Proto-Germanic *segaz. Compare Old Saxon sigi, Old English siġe, sigor, Old Norse sigr, Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 (sigis).


stollo

Middle High German: stolle

German: Stollen
→ Czech: štóla
→ English: stollen
→ Norwegian Bokmål: stoll
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stoll

→ Italian: stollo
→ Serbo-Croatian: штула

From Proto-Germanic *stullô (“support, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place, locate”).


swari

swārī (canonical feminine)
swārī (nominative singular)
swārī (accusative singular)
swārī (genitive singular)
swārī (dative singular)

Middle High German: swære

German: Schwere

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *swārī, form Proto-Germanic *swērį̄; equivalent to swār (“heavy”) + -ī.


luppi

Middle High German: luppe, lüppe

German: Luppe, Lüppe

From Proto-West Germanic *lubi, from Proto-Germanic *lubją. Akin to Old English lybb, Old Norse lyf.


weihhi

German: Weiche


hirso

Middle High German: hirse

German: Hirse

Yiddish: הירזש (hirzh)

From Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *hirsijô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to grow, nourish, feed”).


tior

Middle High German: tier

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: Tier

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Dier

Kölsch: Deer, Dier

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: Dier

German: Tier

→ Plautdietsch: Tier, Tiea

Luxembourgish: Déier

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Déier

From Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewsóm whence also Old English dēor, Old Norse dýr.


ubili

ubilī (canonical feminine)
ubilī (nominative singular)
ubilī (nominative plural)
ubilī (accusative singular)
ubilī (accusative plural)
ubilī (genitive singular)
ubilino (genitive plural)
ubilī (dative singular)
ubilinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: übele, übel

(German: Übel)


regan

regan (nominative singular)
regana (nominative plural)
regan (accusative singular)
regana (accusative plural)
reganes (genitive singular)
regano (genitive plural)
regane (dative singular)
reganum (dative plural)
reganu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: rëgen

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: Raga

Italian Walser: regu, räge, rägä

Swabian: Räaga

Bavarian: Regn

Cimbrian: réego, regan, reng

Mòcheno: reng

Udinese: regn, rein

Central Franconian: Rään

Hunsrik: Rehn

Luxembourgish: Reen

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: reeng [ˈɣeːŋ]

Vilamovian: raan

German: Regen

desc

Rhine Franconian: Raje, Raane, Räje, Rääche, Rään, Rääne, Rääsche, Reche, Ree, Reen, Reesche, Reje, Resche, Riin

Frankfurterisch: Rääsche [ʀɛːʒ̥ə]

Pennsylvania German: Regge

Yiddish: רעגן (regn)

From Proto-West Germanic *regn, from Proto-Germanic *regną.


hirni

Middle High German: hirne, herne

Bavarian: Hirn

Cimbrian: hiarn

German: Hirn, ⇒ Gehirn

Luxembourgish: Hier, ⇒ Gehier

From Proto-West Germanic *hirʀnī, from Proto-Germanic *hirzniją (“brain”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”); see there for more.


wabo

wabo (nominative singular)
wabon (nominative plural)
wabun (nominative plural)
wabon (accusative singular)
wabun (accusative singular)
wabon (accusative plural)
wabun (accusative plural)
waben (genitive singular)
wabin (genitive singular)
wabōno (genitive plural)
waben (dative singular)
wabin (dative singular)
wabōm (dative plural)
wabōn (dative plural)

German: Wabe


sneo

Middle High German: snē

Alemannic German: Schnee

Swabian: Schnéa, Schnéé

Italian Walser: schnee, schnei, schnia, schné, schnìj

Bavarian: Schnää, Schnèj, schnea, sghneab

Cimbrian: snea, snèa

Mòcheno: schnea

Central Franconian: Schnie

Hunsrik: Schnee

German: Schnee

Luxembourgish: Schnéi

Rhine Franconian: Schnäi, Schnee, Schnei, Schnie

Pennsylvania German: Schnee

Vilamovian: śnej

Yiddish: שניי (shney)

From Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz.


psalmo

German: Psalm

Borrowed from Latin psalmus, from Ancient Greek ψαλμός (psalmós).


triuwa

triuwa (nominative singular)
triuwā (nominative plural)
triuwa (accusative singular)
triuwā (accusative plural)
triuwa (genitive singular)
triuwōno (genitive plural)
triuwu (dative singular)
triuwōm (dative plural)

Middle High German triuwe, triwe, trūwe (Middle German)

German: Treue; traun (particle "in truth, verily, truly" via the fixed phrase in triuwen)

Cognate with Old Saxon treuwa, Old English trēow, Gothic triggwa, from Proto-West Germanic *treuwu, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō (with ablaut variant: Old English trūwa, Old Norse trú).


nahi

nāhī (canonical feminine)
nāhī (nominative singular)
nāhī (accusative singular)
nāhī (genitive singular)
nāhī (dative singular)

Middle High German: næhe

Alemannic German: Näächi

German: Nähe

Hunsrik: Neh


slango

Middle High German: schlange

German: Schlange (see there for further descendants)

Hunsrik: Schlang

Luxembourgish: Schlaang

desctree

Yiddish: שלאַנג (shlang)
→ English: schlong


wewo

Middle High German: wēwe

German: Weh


hiruz

Middle High German: hirz

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hirsch

Mòcheno: hirsch

German: Hirsch
→ Luxembourgish: Hirsch
→ North Frisian: hirsk
→ Plautdietsch: Hersch
→ Saterland Frisian: Hirsk

Luxembourgish: Hierz (archaic)

Yiddish: הירש (hirsh)

From Proto-Germanic *herutaz, whence also Old English heorot, Old Norse hjörtr.


segan

segan (nominative singular)
segana (nominative plural)
segan (accusative singular)
segana (accusative plural)
seganes (genitive singular)
segano (genitive plural)
segane (dative singular)
seganum (dative plural)
seganu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: segen

Bavarian: Segn

German: Segen

Luxembourgish: Segen


weizi

Middle High German: weize

Alemannic German: Weisse

Cimbrian: bòotze

German: Weizen

Hunsrik: Weize

Luxembourgish: Weess

Pennsylvania German: Weeze

Vilamovian: waas

Yiddish: ווייץ (veyts)

From Proto-West Germanic *hwaitī.
Compare Old Saxon hueti, Old English hwæte, Old Norse hveiti, Gothic 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍃 (ƕaiteis).


falco

Middle High German: valke

German: Falke, Falk

Hunsrik: Fallek

Luxembourgish: Fallek

From Proto-West Germanic *falkō, from Proto-Germanic *falkô. See Latin falcō.


sporo

German: Sporn

From Proto-Germanic *spurô, whence also Old English spora, Old Norse spori.


zagal

German: Zagel

From Proto-Germanic *taglą, whence also Old English tæġl, Old Norse tagl.


wahs

Middle High German: wahs

Cimbrian: baks

German: Wachs
→ Russian: вакса (vaksa)
→ Armenian: վաքս (vakʻs), վակս (vaks)
→ Persian: واکس (vâks)

Luxembourgish: Wuess

Yiddish: וואַקס (vaks)

From Proto-Germanic *wahsą, whence also Old Saxon wahs, Old English weax, Old Norse vax.


raban

hraban (nominative singular)
hrabana (nominative plural)
hraban (accusative singular)
hrabana (accusative plural)
hrabanes (genitive singular)
hrabano (genitive plural)
hrabane (dative singular)
hrabanum (dative plural)
hrabanu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)

Alemannic German: Rapp

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Raab, Raaf

Luxembourgish: Ramm

German: Rabe

Rhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp

Frankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]

Yiddish: ראָב (rob)

From Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, whence also Old Saxon hravan, hraƀan, Old English hræfn, Old Dutch ravo, Old Norse hrafn. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.


kuoli

kuolī (canonical feminine)
kuolī (nominative singular)
kuolī (accusative singular)
kuolī (genitive singular)
kuolī (dative singular)

Middle High German: chůle, küele, kůli

Alemannic German: Chüeli

Cimbrian: khüule

German: Kühle

Pennsylvania German: Kiehle

table
Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kōlī; equivalent to kuoli (“cool”) + -ī.


adal

Middle High German: adel

German: Adel
→ Estonian: aadel

Yiddish: אַדל (adl)

From Proto-West Germanic *aþal. Cognate with Old Norse aðal (“nature, inborn disposition”).


stilli

stillī (canonical feminine)
stillī (nominative singular)
stillī (accusative singular)
stillī (genitive singular)
stillī (dative singular)

desc

Alemannic German: Stili, Schtili, Stilli, Stilni


weralt

desctree

Middle High German: wërlt, wëlt
Alemannic German: Wält
Bavarian: Wejt, Wöd, Wölt
Central Franconian:
Transylvanian Saxon: Wält
German: Welt
Luxembourgish: Welt
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Welt
Vilamovian: wełt
Yiddish: וועלט (velt)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *weraldiz; surface analyzed as compound of wer (“man”) + alt (“time, age, old”) (hence “age of man”), latter short for altar.
Cognate to Old English weorold (English world),
Old Norse verǫld (Swedish värld), Old Saxon werold, Dutch wereld.


witu

Middle High German: wite

From Proto-West Germanic *widu, from Proto-Germanic *widuz, whence also Old Saxon widu, Old English wudu, Old Norse viðr.

Kronewet

Middle High German: kranewite; Transylvanian Saxon


hirti

hirti (nominative singular)
hirta (nominative plural)
hirti (accusative singular)
hirta (accusative plural)
hirtes (genitive singular)
hirto (genitive plural)
hirte (dative singular)
hirtim (dative plural)
hirtu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: hirte, hirt

Cimbrian: hiart

desc

German: Hirte, Hirt (both are roughly equally common)

Luxembourgish: Hiert

From Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz, whence also Old English hierde, Old Norse hirðir.


narro

narro (nominative singular)
narron (nominative plural)
narrun (nominative plural)
narron (accusative singular)
narrun (accusative singular)
narron (accusative plural)
narrun (accusative plural)
narren (genitive singular)
narrin (genitive singular)
narrōno (genitive plural)
narren (dative singular)
narrin (dative singular)
narrōm (dative plural)
narrōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: narre

Alemannic German: Narr

Bavarian: Noar (see there for further descendants)

German: Narr (see there for further descendants)

Pennsylvania German: Narr

Yiddish: נאַר (nar)


strangi

strangī (canonical feminine)
strangī (nominative singular)
strangī (nominative plural)
strangī (accusative singular)
strangī (accusative plural)
strangī (genitive singular)
strangino (genitive plural)
strangī (dative singular)
stranginum (dative plural)

German: Strenge


wolo

Middle High German: wole

German: Wol, Wohl


zunga

zunga (nominative singular)
zungun (nominative plural)
zungūn (accusative singular)
zungun (accusative plural)
zungūn (genitive singular)
zungōno (genitive plural)
zungūn (dative singular)
zungōm (dative plural)
zungōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: zunge
Alemannic German: Zunge
Central Franconian: Zong
Cimbrian: zung
German: Zunge
Luxembourgish: Zong
Vilamovian: cung
Yiddish: צונג (tsung)

From Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.
Compare Old Saxon tunga, Old Dutch tunga, Old English tunge, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō) and Old Norse tunga (Icelandic tunga (“tongue”)).


wiso

wīso (canonical masculine)
wīso (nominative singular)
wīson (nominative plural)
wīsun (nominative plural)
wīson (accusative singular)
wīsun (accusative singular)
wīson (accusative plural)
wīsun (accusative plural)
wīsen (genitive singular)
wīsin (genitive singular)
wīsōno (genitive plural)
wīsen (dative singular)
wīsin (dative singular)
wīsōm (dative plural)
wīsōn (dative plural)


noz

From Proto-West Germanic *naut, see also Old English nēat, Old Norse naut.


fuhti

fūhtī (canonical feminine)
fūhtī (nominative singular)
fūhtī (nominative plural)
fūhtī (accusative singular)
fūhtī (accusative plural)
fūhtī (genitive singular)
fūhtino (genitive plural)
fūhtī (dative singular)
fūhtinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: viuhte

Alemannic German: Fiechti, Füechti

German: Feuchte


scato

desc

Middle High German: schate, schatewe, schete, schade, schede

German: Schatten

Luxembourgish: Schiet

From Proto-West Germanic *skadu, whence also Old English sceadu.


saumari

Borrowed from Late Latin sagmarium or saumarium. Compare Italian somaro.


kinni

Middle High German: kinne, kin

Alemannic German: Chimmi

German: Kinn

Luxembourgish: Kënn

Yiddish: קין (kin)


slihti

slihtī (canonical feminine)
slihtī (nominative singular)
slihtī (accusative singular)
slihtī (genitive singular)
slihtī (dative singular)


situ

German: Sitte

Cognate with Old Norse siðr (whence Faroese siður, Danish sæd) and Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (sidus), from Proto-West Germanic *sidu.


wazzar

wazzar (nominative singular)
wazzar (nominative plural)
wazzar (accusative singular)
wazzar (accusative plural)
wazzares (genitive singular)
wazzaro (genitive plural)
wazzare (dative singular)
wazzarum (dative plural)
wazzaru (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: waȥȥer
Alemannic German: Wasser, Wâser
Alsatian: Wasser, Wâsser, Wàser
Italian Walser: wasser, wàsser
Bavarian: Wåsser, Wossa
Cimbrian: bassar, bazzar (Luserna, Tredici Comuni)
Gottscheerish: boßər, bàsser
Mòcheno: bòsser
Udinese: bosser, bosar, bòsser
Central Franconian: Wasser, Waßer
Hunsrik: Wasser, waser
Transylvanian Saxon: Wåsser
East Central German:
Silesian East Central German: Woasser, Wosser, Wasser
Upper Saxon German: Wassor
German: Wasser
Unserdeutsch: Wasser
Luxembourgish: Waasser
Rhine Franconian: Wasser
Hessian: Wassä
Pennsylvania German: Wasser
Vilamovian: wosser, woser
Yiddish: וואַסער (vaser)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Germanic *watōr
Proto-West Germanic *watar
Old High German wazzar
From Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wédōr, collective of *wódr̥.
See also Old Dutch and Old Saxon watar, Old English wæter, Old Frisian weter, Old Norse vatn.


dicchi

dicchī (canonical feminine)
dicchī (nominative singular)
dicchī (accusative singular)
dicchī (genitive singular)
dicchī (dative singular)

Middle High German: dicke

Alemannic German: Dicki

German: Dicke


bano

bano (nominative singular)
banon (nominative plural)
banun (nominative plural)
banon (accusative singular)
banun (accusative singular)
banon (accusative plural)
banun (accusative plural)
banen (genitive singular)
banin (genitive singular)
banōno (genitive plural)
banen (dative singular)
banin (dative singular)
banōm (dative plural)
banōn (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô. Cognate with Old English bana, Old Norse Old Norse bani.


frao

From Proto-West Germanic *frauwjō, from Proto-Germanic *frawą, *frawjô (“lord”), whence also Old English frēa.


wini

Middle High German: wine, win

From Proto-West Germanic *wini, from Proto-Germanic *winiz, whence also Old Dutch wini, Old Saxon wini, Old English wine, Old Norse vinr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to seek, desire, love, win”).


kuoni

kuonī (canonical feminine)
kuonī (nominative singular)
kuonī (nominative plural)
kuonī (accusative singular)
kuonī (accusative plural)
kuonī (genitive singular)
kuonino (genitive plural)
kuonī (dative singular)
kuoninum (dative plural)

Middle High German: küene

German: Kühne

table
Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kōnī (“courage”), from Proto-Germanic *kōnį̄; equivalent to kuoni + -ī. Cognate to Old Norse *kœni (in lǫgkœni).


managi

managī (canonical feminine)
managī (nominative singular)
managī (nominative plural)
managī (accusative singular)
managī (accusative plural)
managī (genitive singular)
managino (genitive plural)
managī (dative singular)
managinum (dative plural)

desc

Middle High German: menege, mengi, menige

German: Menge

Rhine Franconian: Meng, Menge

Palatine German: Meng

Pennsylvania German: Meng

Vilamovian: meń

Yiddish: מענגע (menge)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *managī, from Proto-Germanic *managį̄, equivalent to manag (“many”) + -ī.


toldo

Middle High German: tolde

German: Dolde

Apparently related to tola (“grape stalk”), which Kluge compares to Ancient Greek θόλος (thólos, “dome”), θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom, sprout”).


kleini

kleinī (canonical feminine)
kleinī (nominative singular)
kleinī (accusative singular)
kleinī (genitive singular)
kleinī (dative singular)

Middle High German: kleine

German: Kleine


gruoni

gruonī (canonical feminine)
gruonī (nominative singular)
gruonī (nominative plural)
gruonī (accusative singular)
gruonī (accusative plural)
gruonī (genitive singular)
gruonino (genitive plural)
gruonī (dative singular)
gruoninum (dative plural)

Middle High German: grüene

German: Grüne


werra

Middle High German: wërre

German: Wirre

⇒ Old High German: werran

Middle High German: werren, wirren

German: wirren

⇒ Old High German: giwerri

Middle High German: gewërre

German: Gewirre, Gewirr

⇒ Old High German: werrisal

Middle High German: *werrsal, *wirrsal

German: Wirrsal

From Proto-West Germanic *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).


niz

German: Nisse

From Proto-West Germanic *hnitu, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱ(o)nid-.


widar

German: Widder

Yiddish: ווידער (vider)


kalti

kaltī (canonical feminine)
kaltī (nominative singular)
kaltī (accusative singular)
kaltī (genitive singular)
kaltī (dative singular)

Middle High German: kelte

Alemannic German: Chälti, Chelti

Central Franconian: Käll

Cimbrian: khélte

German: Kälte

Luxembourgish: Keelt

Vilamovian: kełt

From Proto-West Germanic *kaldī, equivalent to kalt (“cold”) + -ī.


argi

argī (canonical feminine)
argī (nominative singular)
argī (accusative singular)
argī (genitive singular)
argī (dative singular)

Middle High German: erge

Alemannic German: Ärgi


saro

saro (nominative singular)
saro (nominative plural)
saro (accusative singular)
saro (accusative plural)
sarwes (genitive singular)
sarwo (genitive plural)
sarwe (dative singular)
sarwum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sarwą, from Proto-Indo-European *serw- (“to guard”) or *ser- (“to bind together”). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰 (sarwa, “weapons, armour”), Old English searu (“gear, armour”), Old Norse sǫrvi (“sword”).


fuoz

fuoz (nominative singular)
fuozi (nominative plural)
fuoz (accusative singular)
fuozi (accusative plural)
fuozes (genitive singular)
fuozo (genitive plural)
fuoze (dative singular)
fuozim (dative plural)
fuozen (dative plural)
fuozu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: fuoz, vuoz
Alemannic German: Fuas
Bavarian: Fuaß
Cimbrian: vuus, buus, vuaz
Gottscheerish: vúəs
Mòcheno: vuas
Central Franconian: Foß, Fuß
Hunsrik: Fus
Kölsch: Fooß
Luxembourgish: Fouss
German: Fuß
Rhine Franconian: Fuss, Fuß
Frankfurterisch: Fuß – [fuːs], (older) [fois]
Pennsylvania German: Fuuss
Swabian: Fuaß
Vilamovian: füs
Yiddish: פֿוס (fus)


baldi

baldī (canonical feminine)
baldī (nominative singular)
baldī (accusative singular)
baldī (genitive singular)
baldī (dative singular)

Middle High German: belde

(German: in Bälde)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *baldī, from Proto-Germanic *balþį̄; equivalent to bald (“bold, quick”) + -ī.


ebani

ebanī (canonical feminine)
ebanī (nominative singular)
ebanī (nominative plural)
ebanī (accusative singular)
ebanī (accusative plural)
ebanī (genitive singular)
ebanino (genitive plural)
ebanī (dative singular)
ebaninum (dative plural)

Middle High German: ebene

Alemannic German: Ëbni

German: Ebene


sant

Middle High German: sant; sampt, sambt

German: Sand

Luxembourgish: Sand

Vilamovian: zaond

Yiddish: זאַמד (zamd)

From Proto-West Germanic *samd, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, whence also Old Saxon sand, Old Dutch sant, Old English sand, Old Norse sandr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos.


wanga

wanga (nominative singular)
wangun (nominative plural)
wanga (accusative singular)
wangun (accusative plural)
wangen (genitive singular)
wangin (genitive singular)
wangōno (genitive plural)
wangen (dative singular)
wangin (dative singular)
wangōm (dative plural)
wangōn (dative plural)

German: Wange

From Proto-Germanic *wangô. Compare Old Saxon wanga (“cheek”), Old English wange, Old Norse vangi (“cheek, temple”), Gothic *𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍉 (*waggō), Italian guancia (“cheek”).


ango

From Proto-Germanic *angô, whence also Old English anga, Old Saxon ango, Old Norse angi, Gothic *𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰 (*agga).


eigan

German: Eigen

From Proto-West Germanic *aigan, akin to Old English āgen, æġen, Old Norse eiginn.


ezzih

desc

Middle High German: ezzich, ezzech, ezzeich, ezzec

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: éssag, ezza (Luserna)

Mòcheno: ezza

German: Essig

Hunsrik: Essich

Luxembourgish: Esseg

Vilamovian: essig

Yiddish: עסיק (esik)

From Proto-West Germanic *atek, metathesized variant of *aket.


durri

durrī (canonical feminine)
durrī (nominative singular)
durrī (nominative plural)
durrī (accusative singular)
durrī (accusative plural)
durrī (genitive singular)
durrino (genitive plural)
durrī (dative singular)
durrinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: dürre

Alemannic German: Düri, Dürri

Cimbrian: dörre

German: Dürre


flioga

Middle High German: vliege, fliuge

Alemannic German: Flüüge

Bavarian: Fluig

Cimbrian: blòiga

German: Fliege, Fleug

Luxembourgish: Fléi

Yiddish: פֿליג (flig)

From Proto-Germanic *fleugǭ, whence also Old English flēoġe. Akin to Old Norse fluga.


engi

engī (canonical feminine)
engī (nominative singular)
engī (accusative singular)
engī (genitive singular)
engī (dative singular)

Middle High German: enge

Alemannic German: Engi

German: Enge


ila

Middle High German: īle

German: Eile

From Proto-West Germanic *īlijan (“to make haste, hasten”).


forhta

Middle High German: vorhte, vorht

German: Furcht, (obsolete) Forcht

From Proto-West Germanic *forhtu, from Proto-Germanic *furhtō; related to *furhtį̄, whence Old English fyrhtu, English fright.


farn

desc

Middle High German: varn, varm, farn, farm

German: Farn, Farm

Luxembourgish: Far

From Proto-West Germanic *farn, whence also Old English fearn.


finstari

finstarī (canonical feminine)
finstarī (nominative singular)
finstarī (nominative plural)
finstarī (accusative singular)
finstarī (accusative plural)
finstarī (genitive singular)
finstarino (genitive plural)
finstarī (dative singular)
finstarinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: vinstere, vinster

Alemannic German: Finsteri, Fistri

Bavarian:

Carnithian: Finstre

German: Finster, Finstere (obsolete)


rito

From Proto-Germanic *hriþiz. Akin to Old Saxon hrido, Old English hriþ.


girati

German: Gerät


waga

Middle High German: wāge

German: Waage

Luxembourgish: Wo

Yiddish: וואָג (vog)

→ Czech: váhy, váha

desctree

→ Old Polish: waga
Polish: waga
→ Kashubian: wôga
→ Russian: ва́га (vága)
→ Slovincian: wogha
→ Ukrainian: ва́га (váha)
→ Belarusian: ва́гі (váhi)
Silesian: wŏga

→ Serbo-Croatian: vaga

→ Macedonian: ва́га (vága)

→ Slovak: váhy, váha

→ Slovene: vaga


balo

Middle High German: bale

⇒ Middle High German: balheit

From Proto-West Germanic *balu, see also Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (balweins, “torture”), Old English bealu, Old Norse bǫl.


huldi

huldī (canonical feminine)
huldī (nominative singular)
huldī (accusative singular)
huldī (genitive singular)
huldī (dative singular)

Middle High German: hulde, hülde

German: Huld

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hulþī; equivalent to hold (“friendly”) + -ī.


luti

lūtī (canonical feminine)
lūtī (nominative singular)
lūtī (nominative plural)
lūtī (accusative singular)
lūtī (accusative plural)
lūtī (genitive singular)
lūtino (genitive plural)
lūtī (dative singular)
lūtinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: liute

Alemannic German: Lüti, Lüüti

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hlūdī; equivalent to lūt (“loud”) + -ī.


rouh

German: Rauch

From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old Saxon rōk, Old Dutch rouc, Old English rēc, Old Norse reykr.


sita

Middle High German: sīte

Alemannic German: Siite

Central Franconian: Seck

Cimbrian: sait

German: Seite

Luxembourgish: Säit

Yiddish: זײַט (zayt)

From Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ, whence also Old English sīde, Old Norse síða.


hungar

Middle High German: hunger

Cimbrian: hungar, hummar (Luserna)

German: Hunger

Luxembourgish: Honger

Yiddish: הונגער (hunger)

From Proto-West Germanic *hungr, see also Old Saxon hungar, Old English hungor, Old Norse hungr.


wala

German: Wahl


fogal

fogal (nominative singular)
fogala (nominative plural)
fogal (accusative singular)
fogala (accusative plural)
fogales (genitive singular)
fogalo (genitive plural)
fogale (dative singular)
fogalum (dative plural)
fogalu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: vogel

Alemannic German: Fogel, Vogel

desc

Central Franconian: Vuggel, Vugel (Colognian Academy spelling); Vuul (scattered variant in Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: Foghel

Kölsch: Furrel

Cimbrian: vóoghel, bóoghel, vogl

German: Vogel

Luxembourgish: Vugel, Vull

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Voggel

Vilamovian: föguł

Yiddish: פֿויגל (foygl)

From Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz, whence also Old English fugol, Old Norse fugl.


nadala

German: Nadel

Yiddish: נאָדל (nodl)

From Proto-West Germanic *nāþlu, whence also Old English nædl, Old Norse nál.


skif

desctree

Middle High German: schif, schef
Bavarian: Schiff, Scheff
Central Franconian: Scheff, Schöff, Schoff (all < MHG schif)
Luxembourgish: Schëff
German: Schiff
Yiddish: שיף (shif)

→ Old Italian: schifo
Italian: schifo
⇒ English: skeevy
⇒ English: skeeve
→ Middle French: esquif
French: esquif
→ Middle English: skif
English: skiff
→ Russian: скиф (skif)

From Proto-West Germanic *skip, from Proto-Germanic *skipą, whence also Old Saxon skip, Old English sċip, Old Norse skip, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀 (skip).


tisc

Middle High German: tisch

Alemannic German: Disch

Bavarian: Disch

Cimbrian: tiss, tisch (Luserna)

Central Franconian:

Eiflerisch: Disch, Desch

Hunsrik: Disch

Kölsch: Desch

Luxembourgish: Dësch

Transylvanian Saxon: Däsch

East Central German:

Vilamovian: tejś

East Franconian:

German: Tisch

Rhine Franconian: Disch

Pennsylvania German: Disch

Yiddish: טיש (tish)


eitar

Middle High German: eiter

German: Eiter

Luxembourgish: Eeter


fezzil

German: Fessel

From Proto-Germanic *fatilaz, whence also Old English fetel, Old Norse fetill.


fedara

Middle High German: vëdere, vëder

Cimbrian: vèdara, bèdara (Mezzaselva)

German: Feder

Luxembourgish: Fieder

Vilamovian: faoder

Yiddish: פֿעדער (feder)

→ Italian: federa (“pillowcase”)

→ Venetian: fhédera

→ Cimbrian: fòdara

From Proto-West Germanic *feþru, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō, whence also Old Saxon fethara, Old Dutch fethera, fethara, Old English feþer, Old Norse fjöðr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).


buoh

buoh (nominative singular)
buoh (nominative plural)
buoh (accusative singular)
buoh (accusative plural)
buohes (genitive singular)
buoho (genitive plural)
buohe (dative singular)
buohum (dative plural)
buohu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: buoch

Alemannic German: Buech, Büäch

Alsatian: Bööch, Büech

Swabian: Buach

Bavarian: Buach

Münsterländisch: Büak

Central Franconian: Booch, Buch

Hunsrik: Buch

Kölsch: Booch

Luxembourgish: Buch

East Franconian: Bouch

German: Buch

Rhine Franconian: Buch, Busch

Pennsylvania German: Buch

Vilamovian: büch

Yiddish: בוך (bukh)

From Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks, whence also Old Saxon bōk, Old English bōc, Old Norse bók, Gothic 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃 (bōkōs).


maho

desc

Middle High German: mahe, mahen, mān, magen, mage

Cimbrian: mago

German: Mohn
→ Estonian: moon

Swabian: mage

→ Estonian: magun

→ Latvian: magone

→ Lithuanian: aguona


fingar

fingar (nominative singular)
fingara (nominative plural)
fingar (accusative singular)
fingara (accusative plural)
fingares (genitive singular)
fingaro (genitive plural)
fingare (dative singular)
fingarum (dative plural)
fingaru (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: vinger
Alemannic German:
Swabian: Fengr
Bavarian: Finga
Cimbrian: vingar, bingar (Mezzaselva)
German: Finger
Luxembourgish: Fanger
Vilamovian: fyngier
Yiddish: פֿינגער (finger)

From Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz, from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷrós.


zippa

→ Italian: zeppa

Sicilian: zìppula


krem

→ Italian: Crema

→ Lombard: Crèma


brezza

brēzza (canonical feminine)
brēzza (nominative singular)
brēzzun (nominative plural)
brēzzūn (accusative singular)
brēzzun (accusative plural)
brēzzūn (genitive singular)
brēzzōno (genitive plural)
brēzzūn (dative singular)
brēzzōm (dative plural)
brēzzōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: brezze, pretze

Bavarian: Breze, Brezn

→ German: Breze, Brezen, Brezn

German: Bretze (obsolete)

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Bretze

→ Ladin: prezen

→ Hungarian: perec

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: pereca

Cyrillic script: переца

→ Slovene: presta

A clipping of brēzitella or a syncopic form of brēzzita.


zun

Middle High German: zūn, zoun

German: Zaun

Luxembourgish: Zonk

Vilamovian: caojn

From Proto-West Germanic *tūn, from Proto-Germanic *tūną.


panch

→ Italian: panca


arming

arming (nominative singular)
arminga (nominative plural)
arming (accusative singular)
arminga (accusative plural)
arminges (genitive singular)
armingo (genitive plural)
arminge (dative singular)
armingum (dative plural)
armingu (instrumental singular)


lera

Middle High German: lēre

German: Lehre

Luxembourgish: Léier

From Proto-West Germanic *laiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *laizō, from *laizijaną. Cognate with Old Saxon lēra, Old English lār (English lore).


wint

winti (plural)
wint (nominative singular)
winti (nominative plural)
wint (accusative singular)
winti (accusative plural)
wintes (genitive singular)
winto (genitive plural)
winte (dative singular)
wintim (dative plural)
winten (dative plural)
wintu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: wint

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: winn, wend, wénn, wind

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: bint

Mòcheno: bint

Udinese: bint

Viennese: Wind

German: Wind

Luxembourgish: Wand

Vilamovian: wynt

Yiddish: ווינט (vint)

From Proto-West Germanic *wind. Akin to Old Saxon wind, Old English wind, Old Norse vindr, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃 (winds).


hemma

Italian: Maremma (compound)

From Proto-Germanic *hamjō; cognate with German hemmen (“to check, hamper”) and Icelandic hemill (“a check, retardant”).


brust

brust (nominative singular)
brusti (nominative plural)
brust (accusative singular)
brusti (accusative plural)
brusti (genitive singular)
brusto (genitive plural)
brusti (dative singular)
brustim (dative plural)
brusten (dative plural)

Middle High German: brust

Alemannic German:

Swabian: Bruschd

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: Bruss

German: Brust

Luxembourgish: Broscht

Vilamovian: brust

Yiddish: ברוסט (brust)

From Proto-West Germanic *brust. Cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍃 (brusts).


boum

bouma (plural)
boum (nominative singular)
bouma (nominative plural)
boum (accusative singular)
bouma (accusative plural)
boumes (genitive singular)
boumo (genitive plural)
boume (dative singular)
boumum (dative plural)
boumu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: boum

desc

Alemannic German: Baaum, Bum, Baim, Baum, Boum

Swabian: Boum, Boom

Walser: böim, baum, bem

Bavarian: Bam, paam, pame

Cimbrian: póom, puam, pome

Mòcheno: pa'm

Central Franconian: Boom, Baam, Baum, Boum

Hunsrik: Baam

Luxembourgish: Bam

Transylvanian Saxon: bum

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: Baam

Upper Saxon German: Boom, Baam

Vilamovian: baojm, boum

East Franconian: Baam, Bääm

German: Baum

Rhine Franconian: Baam

Pennsylvania German: Baam

Palatine German: Baam

Yiddish: בוים (boym)

From Proto-West Germanic *baum, whence also Old English bēam.


bruoder

desctree

Middle High German: bruoder
Alemannic German: Brüeder, Brueder
Italian Walser: briöder, bruder, brueder, bröder
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: pruudar, pruadar (Luserna, Tredici Comuni)
Mòcheno: pruader
Northern Bavarian: [ˈb̥rou̯d̥ɐ], [ˈb̥rei̯d̥ɐ]
Udinese: pruadar, prueder, pruider
Central Franconian: Broder, Bruder
Hunsrik: Bruder
Luxembourgish: Brudder
German: Bruder
Rhine Franconian: Bruder
Frankfurterisch: [pʀuːd̥æ̆], [prɔurə]
Pennsylvania German: Bruder
Vilamovian: brüder
Yiddish: ברודער (bruder)

From Proto-West Germanic *brōþer, from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


bluot

bluot (nominative singular)
bluot (nominative plural)
bluot (accusative singular)
bluot (accusative plural)
bluotes (genitive singular)
bluoto (genitive plural)
bluote (dative singular)
bluotum (dative plural)
bluotu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: bluot
Alemannic German: Bluet
Alsatian: Blüet
Swabian: Bluat
Bavarian: Bluad, Bluat
Cimbrian: pluat
Mòcheno:
Central Franconian: Blot, Blut
Hunsrik: Blud
Luxembourgish: Blutt
East Central German: Blutt (Oberlausitz; Silesian)
Vilamovian: błüt
East Franconian:
German: Blut
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Blut
Yiddish: בלוט (blut)

From Proto-West Germanic *blōd, from Proto-Germanic *blōþą, of uncertain origin. Compare Old Dutch bluot, Old Saxon blōd, Old English blōd, Old Norse blóð, Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸 (blōþ).


brot

Middle High German: brōt, brōd

Alemannic German: Brot

Italian Walser: brot, broud, bruat, bròt, bröt

Bavarian: Brout, proat

Cimbrian: proat, pròat (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: proat

Central Franconian: Brot, Brut

Hunsrik: Brod, proot

Luxembourgish: Brout

German: Brot

Pennsylvania German: Brot

Vilamovian: brūt

Yiddish: ברויט (broyt)

From Proto-West Germanic *braud, from Proto-Germanic *braudą, whence also Old Saxon brōd (German Low German Broot), Old English brēad (English bread), Old Frisian brād (West Frisian brea), Dutch brood, Old Norse brauð (Icelandic brauð).

The Lord's Prayer, circa 830


zan

zan (nominative singular)
zani (nominative plural)
zan (accusative singular)
zani (accusative plural)
zanes (genitive singular)
zano (genitive plural)
zane (dative singular)
zanim (dative plural)
zanen (dative plural)
zanu (instrumental singular)


frisking

frisking (nominative singular)
friskinga (nominative plural)
frisking (accusative singular)
friskinga (accusative plural)
friskinges (genitive singular)
friskingo (genitive plural)
friskinge (dative singular)
friskingum (dative plural)
friskingu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: vrischinc

German: Frischling


purpura

Middle High German: purpur, purper

German: Purpur

From Proto-West Germanic *purpurā (“purple”).


heit

heit (nominative singular)
heiti (nominative plural)
heit (accusative singular)
heiti (accusative plural)
heites (genitive singular)
heito (genitive plural)
heite (dative singular)
heitim (dative plural)
heiten (dative plural)
heitu (instrumental singular)


hagal

Middle High German: hagel

German: Hagel

Luxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)

Yiddish: האָגל (hogl)

From Proto-Germanic *haglaz, likely from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”).


spalt

German: Spalt, Spalte

→ Italian: spalto

Related to Lombardic spalt (“crack, fissure”); see modern German spalten (“to cleave”).


itis

itis (nominative singular)
itisi (nominative plural)
itis (accusative singular)
itisi (accusative plural)
itisi (genitive singular)
itiso (genitive plural)
itisi (dative singular)
itisim (dative plural)
itisen (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *idisi, from Proto-Germanic *idisiz. Cognate to Old English ides, Old Saxon idis, Old Norse dís.

Eiris sazun idisi / sazun hera duoder;
suma hapt heptidun / suma heri lezidun,
suma clubodun / umbi cuoniouuidi:

Once sat women,
They sat here, then there.
Some fastened bonds,
Some impeded an army,
Some unraveled fetters:
Escape the bonds,
flee the enemy!


hulda

hulda (nominative singular)
huldā (nominative plural)
hulda (accusative singular)
huldā (accusative plural)
hulda (genitive singular)
huldōno (genitive plural)
huldu (dative singular)
huldōm (dative plural)

German: Holle

Likely from Proto-Germanic *hulþǭ which is a feminine form of Proto-Germanic *hulþô, from the adjective Proto-Germanic *hulþaz


smid

smid (nominative singular)
smida (nominative plural)
smid (accusative singular)
smida (accusative plural)
smides (genitive singular)
smido (genitive plural)
smide (dative singular)
smidum (dative plural)
smidu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: smit

Alemannic German: Schmid

Italian Walser: schméd, schmét, schmid, schmìd

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: smit, smitt (Luserna)

Mòcheno: schmi'

Udinese: schmidt, schmit, sghmiid

German: Schmied

Hunsrik: Schmitt

Luxembourgish: Schmadd

Vilamovian: śmejt

Yiddish: שמיד (shmid)


enti

Middle High German: ende

Alemannic German: Endi, End

Central Franconian: Enk

Hunsrik: Enn

Luxembourgish: Enn

Cimbrian: énte

German: Ende

Rhine Franconian: End, Enn, Enne, Inn

Frankfurterisch: [ent]; [en] (older)

Pennsylvania German: End

Vilamovian: end

From Proto-West Germanic *andī, from Proto-Germanic *andijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entíos.


ertag

Unknown. Not to be confused with *ariotag.


ferah

ferah (nominative singular)
feraha (nominative plural)
ferah (accusative singular)
feraha (accusative plural)
ferahes (genitive singular)
feraho (genitive plural)
ferahe (dative singular)
ferahum (dative plural)
ferahu (instrumental singular)
ferah (nominative singular)
ferah (nominative plural)
ferah (accusative singular)
ferah (accusative plural)
ferahes (genitive singular)
feraho (genitive plural)
ferahe (dative singular)
ferahum (dative plural)
ferahu (instrumental singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *ferh, from Proto-Germanic *ferhuz.

hıltıbrant gımahalta herıbranteſ ſunu her uuaſ heroro man
feraheſ frotoro • her fragen gıſtuont
fohem uuortum • ƿer ſin fater ƿarı[…]

Hildebrand spoke, Heribrand's son—he was a hoarier man, wiser of life;—he posed his question with few words, who his [Hadubrand's] father might be […]


zahar

Middle High German: zahar, zeher

Central Middle High German: zār ⇒ zære pl

German: Zähre sg

→ Italian: zacchera

→ Middle Low German: zâhē, zaahe

tear (drop of clear salty liquid from the eyes)


sunta

Middle High German: sunde, sünde

German: Sünde

Hunsrik: Sind

Luxembourgish: Sënn, Sënd

Vilamovian: zynd

Yiddish: זינד (zind)

From Proto-Germanic *sundijō, whence also Old Saxon sundia, Old Dutch sunda, Old Norse synd. The word may derive, ultimately, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”) through a *sent-, *sont-. Latin also has an old present participle of sum in the word sōns, sont- (“guilty”).


skina

Middle High German: schine, schin

Alemannic German: Schine

German: Schiene
→ Hungarian: sín
→ Macedonian: шина (šina)
→ Polish: szyna
→ Romanian: șină
→ Russian: шина (šina)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шина
Latin script: šina

Luxembourgish: Schinn

From Proto-West Germanic *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō.


gart

From Proto-West Germanic *gard, from Proto-Germanic *gardaz.


asco

Middle High German: asche, esche

German: Äsche f

→ Italian: lasca f


spek

Middle High German: spëc

German: Speck

Luxembourgish: Speck

Yiddish: שפּעק (shpek)

from Proto-West Germanic *spik, from Proto-Germanic *spiką.


strozza

Middle High German: strozze

German: Strosse

→ Italian: strozza

From Proto-Germanic *strutō (compare Dutch strot (“gorge”)), a by-form of *þrutō (whence English throat).


kuning

kuninga (plural)
kuning (nominative singular)
kuninga (nominative plural)
kuning (accusative singular)
kuninga (accusative plural)
kuninges (genitive singular)
kuningo (genitive plural)
kuninge (dative singular)
kuningum (dative plural)
kuningu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: künic, künec

Alemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig

Bavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng

desc

Central Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik

Cimbrian: khuuneg

German: König

Luxembourgish: Kinnek

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Keenich

Vilamovian: kyng

Yiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)

From Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.


spranga

→ Italian: spranga


kalk

kalk (nominative singular)
kalka (nominative plural)
kalk (accusative singular)
kalka (accusative plural)
kalkes (genitive singular)
kalko (genitive plural)
kalke (dative singular)
kalkum (dative plural)
kalku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: kalc

Alemannic German: Chalch

Bavarian: Koich

Cimbrian: khalch

Hianzisch: Koli

Tyrol Bavarian: Kchoich

Central Franconian: Kallek, Kallik

Hunsrik: Kallik

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: Kallich

Silesian: Koilk

Vilamovian: kiöelk

East Franconian: Kallich, Kollich

German: Kalk

Luxembourgish: Kallek

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Kalch, Kalsch

Palatine German: Kalk, Kalik

Pennsylvania German: Kallick, Kalk

Yiddish: קאַלכ (kalkh)

lime (inorganic material containing calcium)


swester

Middle High German: swëster, suster, süster

Alemannic German: Schwöschter

Italian Walser: schweschter

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: sbestar, sbéstar, sbeistar

Mòcheno: schbester

Udinese: schbeschter, schbeister, sghbeistar

Central Franconian: Sester, Söster (obsolete)

German: Schwester

→ Central Franconian: Schwester

→ Luxembourgish: Schwëster

Hunsrik: Schwesder

Luxembourgish: Sëschter (archaic)

Pennsylvania German: Schweschder

Vilamovian: syster

Yiddish: שוועסטער (shvester)

From Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Compare Old Saxon swestar, Old Frisian swester, Old English sweoster, Old Norse systir.


igil

German: Igel

From Proto-West Germanic *igil. Cognate with Russian ёж (jož), Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos), Old English igel.


muoter

Middle High German: muoter

Alemannic German: Mueter, Muetter, Mueder

Swabian: Muadr, Mudder, Muddr, Muadar, Muddar

Walser: muater, möter

Bavarian: muatar, Muada, mueter, muiter

Cimbrian: muatar, muutar (Sette Comuni)

Central Franconian: Moder (obsolete)

Hunsrik: Mutter, muter (Portuguese-based orthography)

Kirchröadsj: Modder

Luxembourgish: Mudder

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: Muddor

Vilamovian: mütter

East Franconian: Motter

desctree

German: Mutter, Mueter, Muetter, Muoter, Muotter, Muter
→ Central Franconian: Motter

desc

Rhine Franconian: Modder, Mudder, Morrer, Murrer

Frankfurterisch: [mud̥æ̆]

Pennsylvania German: Mudder

Yiddish: מוטער (muter)

From Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Compare Old Saxon mōdar, Old Dutch muoder, Old Frisian mōder, Old English mōdor, Old Norse móðir.


bart

Middle High German: bart

Alemannic German: Baart

Bavarian: Bårt

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Baart

Luxembourgish: Baart

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: biöet, biöt

East Franconian:

German: Bart

→ Norwegian: bart

Rhine Franconian: Bat, Bart

Frankfurterisch: [b̥ɑːt], (older) [b̥ɔːt]

Pennsylvania German: Baart

Yiddish: באָרד (bord)

From Proto-West Germanic *bard, from Proto-Germanic *bardaz (whence also Old English beard, Old Norse barð, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (bards)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂. Other cognates include Proto-Slavic *borda, Latin barba.


liuti

Middle High German: liute

German: Leute

From Proto-West Germanic *liud(i), from Proto-Germanic *liudiz.


herza

hërza (canonical neuter)
hërza (nominative singular)
hërzun (nominative plural)
hërza (accusative singular)
hërzun (accusative plural)
hërzen (genitive singular)
hërzin (genitive singular)
hërzōno (genitive plural)
hërzen (dative singular)
hërzin (dative singular)
hërzōm (dative plural)
hërzōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: hërze, hërz

Alemannic German: Härz

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hèrtz, hèertze (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: hèrz

Central Franconian: Hätz, Hetz (variant spelling); Hatz (Ripuarian); Herz (Ripuarian variant); Hearz (Moselle Franconian variant), Häerz

Hunsrik: Herz

German: Herz

Luxembourgish: Häerz

Silesian East Central German: Herze / Härze (Breslauisch) / Harze n

⇒ Silesian East Central German: / harzlich

Vilamovian: haoc

Yiddish: האַרץ (harts)

From Proto-West Germanic *hertā.
Cognate with Old Saxon herta (Low German Hart), Old Dutch herta, Old Frisian herte, Old English heorte (English heart), Old Norse hjarta (Swedish hjärta), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairtō). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía), Latin cor, Old Irish cride, Russian се́рдце (sérdce), Lithuanian širdis.


hagan

Middle High German: hagen

German: Hain

From Proto-West Germanic *hagō, from Proto-Germanic *haga(n)-, *hagô (“pasture, enclosure”).


tohter

desctree

Middle High German: tohter
Alemannic German: Tochter
Italian Walser: techter, töchter, tachter
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: tochtar, toustar, tochtar
Mòcheno: tochter
Udinese: tochter, touchter, toachtar
Central Franconian:
Kölsch: Dochter
German: Tochter
Luxembourgish: Duechter
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Dochder
Vilamovian: tohter
Yiddish: טאָכטער (tokhter)
→ Piedmontese: tota

From Proto-West Germanic *dohter. Compare Old Saxon dohtar, Old English dohtor, Old Norse dóttir.


metod

mëtod (canonical masculine)
mëtod (nominative singular)
mëtoda (nominative plural)
mëtod (accusative singular)
mëtoda (accusative plural)
mëtodes (genitive singular)
mëtodo (genitive plural)
mëtode (dative singular)
mëtodum (dative plural)
mëtodu (instrumental singular)


stiga

Middle High German: stīge

German: Steige

→ Italian: stia

From Proto-Germanic *stiją. Cognate with English sty.


strit

strīt (canonical masculine)
strīt (nominative singular)
strīta (nominative plural)
strīt (accusative singular)
strīta (accusative plural)
strītes (genitive singular)
strīto (genitive plural)
strīte (dative singular)
strītum (dative plural)
strītu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: strīt

German: Streit

From Proto-West Germanic *strīd, from Proto-Germanic *strīdaz.


hant

hant (nominative singular)
hanti (nominative plural)
hant (accusative singular)
hanti (accusative plural)
hanti (genitive singular)
hanto (genitive plural)
hanteo (genitive plural)
hantio (genitive plural)
hanti (dative singular)
hantum (dative plural)
hantun (dative plural)
hanton (dative plural)
hanti (instrumental singular)
hantum (instrumental plural)
hantun (instrumental plural)
hanton (instrumental plural)

Middle High German: hant

Bavarian: Hånd

Cimbrian: hant

Mòcheno: hònt

German: Hand

Hunsrik: Hand

Luxembourgish: Hand

Vilamovian: haond

Yiddish: האַנט (hant)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *handu, whence also Old English hand, Old Norse hǫnd, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (handus).


lant

lant (nominative singular)
lant (nominative plural)
lant (accusative singular)
lant (accusative plural)
lantes (genitive singular)
lanto (genitive plural)
lante (dative singular)
lantum (dative plural)
lantu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: lant
Alemannic German: Land, Lånd
Swabian: Lahnd
Bavarian: Lånd
Cimbrian: lant, lånt (Luserna)
Central Franconian: Land, Lannt
Hunsrik: Land
Luxembourgish: Land
German: Land (see there for further descendants)
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Lond
Pennsylvania German: Land, Lond
Vilamovian: łaond
Yiddish: לאַנד (land)

From Proto-West Germanic *land.
Compare Old Saxon land, Old Frisian land, lond, Old Dutch lant, Old English land, lond, Old Norse land, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 (land).


masca

Middle High German: masche

German: Masche

Luxembourgish: Masch

From Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”).


scolla

Middle High German: scholle, zolle

Alemannic German: Tscholle

German: Scholle

→ Italian: zolla

Cognate with Middle Dutch scholle, Middle Low German scholle, schulle, eventually from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).


fogat

fogat (nominative singular)
fogata (nominative plural)
fogat (accusative singular)
fogata (accusative plural)
fogates (genitive singular)
fogato (genitive plural)
fogate (dative singular)
fogatum (dative plural)
fogatu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: voget

German: Vogt

From Late Latin vocātus. Compare Dutch voogd.


flek

flek (nominative singular)
fleka (nominative plural)
flek (accusative singular)
fleka (accusative plural)
flekes (genitive singular)
fleko (genitive plural)
fleke (dative singular)
flekum (dative plural)
fleku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: vlëc

German: Fleck

Yiddish: פֿלעק (flek)


gruzzi

→ Italian: gruzzolo


skaz

skaz (nominative singular)
skaza (nominative plural)
skaz (accusative singular)
skaza (accusative plural)
skazes (genitive singular)
skazo (genitive plural)
skaze (dative singular)
skazum (dative plural)
skazu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: schaz, schatz

German: Schatz (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Schatz


zinna

Middle High German: zinne

German: Zinne

→ Italian: zinna

From Proto-West Germanic *tinnu, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *tindnō or alternatively from *tindijǭ; both suffixed derivatives of Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“peg, prong, peak”). Cognate with Old English tinn (“rafter, beam”).


ellan

ellan (nominative singular)
ellan (nominative plural)
ellan (accusative singular)
ellan (accusative plural)
ellanes (genitive singular)
ellano (genitive plural)
ellane (dative singular)
ellanum (dative plural)
ellanu (instrumental singular)


engil

desctree

Middle High German: engel
Alemannic German: Ängel, Ängu
Swabian: Engele
Bavarian: Engl
Cimbrian: énghel
German: Engel
→? Yiddish: ענגעל (engel)
Luxembourgish: Engel
→ Latvian: eņģelis

ca. 825,Tatian, Diatessaron translation, Chapter 3,
Quad thō Maria zi themo engile...


forst

Middle High German: forst, vorst, (foreht)

German: Forst

→ Swedish: forst-


slunt

slunt (nominative singular)
slunta (nominative plural)
slunt (accusative singular)
slunta (accusative plural)
sluntes (genitive singular)
slunto (genitive plural)
slunte (dative singular)
sluntum (dative plural)
sluntu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: slunt

German: Schlund


nebel

nebula — nebel]

[, Codex Vindobonensis 804, p. 173a; Codex Wirziburgensis Mp. th. 4⁰ 60, p. 104b


gunt

gunt (nominative singular)
gunta (nominative plural)
gunt (accusative singular)
gunta (accusative plural)
guntes (genitive singular)
gunto (genitive plural)
gunte (dative singular)
guntum (dative plural)
guntu (instrumental singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *gund, from Proto-Germanic *gundaz.


cunta

Middle High German: kunt

From Proto-Germanic *kuntǭ. Cognate with Old English *cunte (compare English cunt), Middle Dutch conte, and Swedish kunta.


bruodher

German: Bruder


atam

ātam (canonical masculine)
ātam (nominative singular)
ātama (nominative plural)
ātam (accusative singular)
ātama (accusative plural)
ātames (genitive singular)
ātamo (genitive plural)
ātame (dative singular)
ātamum (dative plural)
ātamu (instrumental singular)


demar

Middle High German: demere

German: Dämmer, Dämmerung

From Proto-West Germanic *þimr, related to *þimstr.


skinko

→ Italian: stinco

From Proto-West Germanic *skinkō, from Proto-Germanic *skinō (“shank, shinbone, tibia”). Cognate with Old High German scinco.


ostar

Middle High German: ōster


ackar

ackar (nominative singular)
ackra (nominative plural)
ackar (accusative singular)
ackra (accusative plural)
ackres (genitive singular)
ackro (genitive plural)
ackre (dative singular)
ackrum (dative plural)
ackru (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: acker
Cimbrian: akhar
German: Acker
Luxembourgish: Aker
Yiddish: אַקער (aker)


jamar

(Middle High German: jāmer, āmer)

(German: Jammer)

From Proto-West Germanic *jāmar, from Proto-Germanic *jēmaraz.


stuol

Middle High German: stuol

German: Stuhl

Hunsrik: Stuhl

Luxembourgish: Stull

Vilamovian: śtül

Yiddish: שטול (shtul)

From Proto-West Germanic *stōl, see also Old English stōl and Old Norse stóll.


himil

himila (plural)
himil (nominative singular)
himila (nominative plural)
himil (accusative singular)
himila (accusative plural)
himiles (genitive singular)
himilo (genitive plural)
himile (dative singular)
himilum (dative plural)
himilu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: himel

Swabian: Hemmel, Hemml, Himml

Bavarian: Himmi, Himml

Cimbrian: hümmel, hümbl (Luserna)

Central Franconian: Himmel, Hemmel

Hunsrik: Himmel

Luxembourgish: Himmel

Transylvanian Saxon: Hemmel

German: Himmel

Rhine Franconian: Himmel

Pennsylvania German: Himmel

Yiddish: הימל (himl)


erdbibunga

erdbibunga (nominative singular)
erdbibungā (nominative plural)
erdbibunga (accusative singular)
erdbibungā (accusative plural)
erdbibunga (genitive singular)
erdbibungōno (genitive plural)
erdbibungu (dative singular)
erdbibungōm (dative plural)

German: Erdbeben

From Proto-West Germanic *erþubibungu. Cognate with Dutch aardbeving, Old Frisian erthbivinge, and Old English eorþbeofung. Equivalent to erda + bibēn + -unga.


loh

lōh (canonical masculine)
lōh (nominative singular)
lōha (nominative plural)
lōh (accusative singular)
lōha (accusative plural)
lōhes (genitive singular)
lōho (genitive plural)
lōhe (dative singular)
lōhum (dative plural)
lōhu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: lōh, lōch, lō

German: Loh, Lah, Lage (mostly in place names)

From Proto-West Germanic *lauh, from Proto-Germanic *lauhaz.


loh

loh (nominative singular)
loh (nominative plural)
loh (accusative singular)
loh (accusative plural)
lohes (genitive singular)
loho (genitive plural)
lohe (dative singular)
lohum (dative plural)
lohu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: loch

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: loch, lòch (Sette Comuni)

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Loch

Luxembourgish: Lach

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: łöch

East Franconian:

German: Loch
→ Czech: loch
→ Dutch: loch
→ Polish: loch

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: Loch

Pennsylvania German: Loch

Yiddish: לאָך (lokh)

From Proto-West Germanic *lok, from Proto-Germanic *luką.


darba

darba (nominative singular)
darbā (nominative plural)
darba (accusative singular)
darbā (accusative plural)
darba (genitive singular)
darbōno (genitive plural)
darbu (dative singular)
darbōm (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *þarbu, from Proto-Germanic *þarbō. Cognate with Old Saxon tharf, Old English þearf, Old Norse þǫrf.


giban

giban (nominative singular)
gibana (nominative plural)
giban (accusative singular)
gibana (accusative plural)
gibanes (genitive singular)
gibano (genitive plural)
gibane (dative singular)
gibanum (dative plural)
gibanu (instrumental singular)


wamba

wamba (nominative singular)
wambā (nominative plural)
wamba (accusative singular)
wambā (accusative plural)
wamba (genitive singular)
wambōno (genitive plural)
wambu (dative singular)
wambōm (dative plural)

Middle High German: wambe, wampe, wamme

German: Wamme, Wampe

→ Saterland Frisian: Wampe

Bavarian: Wampn


ahsa

Middle High German: ahse

German: Achse

→ Norwegian Bokmål: akse


skalk

skalk (nominative singular)
skalka (nominative plural)
skalk (accusative singular)
skalka (accusative plural)
skalkes (genitive singular)
skalko (genitive plural)
skalke (dative singular)
skalkum (dative plural)
skalku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: schalc

German: Schalk

Luxembourgish: Schallek

→ Italian: scalco (from Lombardic)

From Proto-West Germanic *skalk, from Proto-Germanic *skalkaz.


skura

Italian: scuro

From Proto-Germanic *skūrō (“shelter, shack”).


skokka

Italian: scocca


selah

selah (nominative singular)
selaha (nominative plural)
selah (accusative singular)
selaha (accusative plural)
selahes (genitive singular)
selaho (genitive plural)
selahe (dative singular)
selahum (dative plural)
selahu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: sëleh

German: Seel (obsolete)

⇒ German: Seelhund ⇒ Seehund


gurt

gurt (nominative singular)
gurta (nominative plural)
gurt (accusative singular)
gurta (accusative plural)
gurtes (genitive singular)
gurto (genitive plural)
gurte (dative singular)
gurtum (dative plural)
gurtu (instrumental singular)


rouba

rouba (nominative singular)
roubā (nominative plural)
rouba (accusative singular)
roubā (accusative plural)
rouba (genitive singular)
roubōno (genitive plural)
roubu (dative singular)
roubōm (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *raubu, from Proto-Germanic *raubō. Cognate with Old English rēaf n, Old Norse rauf f (“war-bounty”).


lebara

German: Leber

From Proto-West Germanic *libru, related to Old Saxon evara, Old English lifer, Old Norse lifr.


ouga

ouga (nominative singular)
ougun (nominative plural)
ouga (accusative singular)
ougun (accusative plural)
ougen (genitive singular)
ougin (genitive singular)
ougōno (genitive plural)
ougen (dative singular)
ougin (dative singular)
ougōm (dative plural)
ougōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: ouge

Alemannic German: Aug

Swabian: Aug

Bavarian: Aug

Cimbrian:

Mòcheno:

Central Franconian: Ooch, Auch, Au

Hunsrik: Au

Kölsch: Ouch

Luxembourgish: A

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: Ooche

Vilamovian: aojg

East Franconian:

German: Auge

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Aag

Pennsylvania German: Aag

Yiddish: אויג (oyg)

From Proto-West Germanic *augā, from Proto-Germanic *augô, whence also Old English ēage, Old Saxon ōga, Old Norse auga, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).


wurz

Middle High German: wurz

Cimbrian: burtz, buurtza (Sette Comuni)

German: Wurz

Vilamovian: wiyc

⇒ Old High German: giwurz f

Middle High German: *gewürze (attested 15th c.)

German: Gewürz n

→ German Low German: Gewürz

Luxembourgish: Gewierz


murberi

desctree

Middle High German: mūlber
German: Maulbeere
Hunsrik: Maulbeer


mespila

Middle High German: mispel, mëspel, nëspel, mëstel, mistel
German: Mispel, Mißpel, Mespel, Meßpel (till later 18th century often); Espel, Hespel, Haspel, Nespel, Nispel, Wispel (regional)
→ Old Czech: mišpile, mišpule, nyšpule
Czech: mišpule, older often nyšpule
→ Hungarian: naspolya, formerly by region náspolya, naszpolya, nászpolya, noszpolya. lasponya, lásponya, miszpulya, nespolya
→ Polish: nieszpułka, nieszpułk, nieszpuła, niesplik, myszpuła
→ Slovak: mišpuľa, dialectally nyšpuľa, nešpuľa
→ Lower Sorbian: hušpula, rušpula
→ Upper Sorbian: nyšpula, nyšpla, nyspla, myšpla

desc

→ Serbo-Croatian: nȅšpula, nȅšpola, mešpula, nespula, nespola, nješpula

→ Slovene: nẹ̑šplja


afterling

afterling (nominative singular)
afterlinga (nominative plural)
afterling (accusative singular)
afterlinga (accusative plural)
afterlinges (genitive singular)
afterlingo (genitive plural)
afterlinge (dative singular)
afterlingum (dative plural)
afterlingu (instrumental singular)


truhtin

9th century, Psalm 130 (KJV translation)

Out of the depths have I cried unto thee, O Lord.


anafang

anafang (nominative singular)
anafangi (nominative plural)
anafang (accusative singular)
anafangi (accusative plural)
anafanges (genitive singular)
anafango (genitive plural)
anafange (dative singular)
anafangim (dative plural)
anafangen (dative plural)
anafangu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: anevanc, anvanc

Alemannic German: Afang

Central Franconian: Afank

desctree

German: Anfang, Anf. (abbreviation)
→ Finnish: anfangi
→ Hunsrik: aanfank
→ Silesian: anfang
→ Swedish: anfang

Luxembourgish: Ufank

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Aafang

Pennsylvania German: Aafang

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *anafangi; by surface analysis, ana- + fang.


kunni

kunni (nominative singular)
kunni (nominative plural)
kunni (accusative singular)
kunni (accusative plural)
kunnes (genitive singular)
kunno (genitive plural)
kunne (dative singular)
kunnim (dative plural)
kunnu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: künne, konne, kunne

German: Künne, Kunne


isarn

īsarn (canonical neuter)
īsarn (nominative singular)
īsarn (nominative plural)
īsarn (accusative singular)
īsarn (accusative plural)
īsarnes (genitive singular)
īsarno (genitive plural)
īsarne (dative singular)
īsarnum (dative plural)
īsarnu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: īsern, īser, īsen
Alemannic German: Iise
Vorarlbergerisch: Iisa, Oasa
Bavarian: Eisn
Cimbrian: aizarn
Mòcheno: aisn
Central Franconian: Ieser, Iese, Eise
Hunsrik: Eise
Luxembourgish: Eisen
German: Eisen, Eiser
Vilamovian: ȧjza
Yiddish: אײַזן (ayzn)

From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.


hranca

Middle High German: ranke

German: Ranke

Related to *renken (“to twist”), itself from Proto-West Germanic *wrankijan.


wafan

Middle High German: wāfen, wapen
Alemannic German: Waaffe
German: Waffe
→ German Low German: Waffe
Yiddish: וואָפֿן (vofn)

From Proto-West Germanic *wāpn, from Proto-Germanic *wēpną, whence also Old Dutch and Old Saxon wāpan, Old English wǣpn, Old Norse vápn, Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐍀𐌽 (wēpn).


eih

Middle High German: eich

Bavarian: Oach

Cimbrian: aicha

Central Franconian: Ääch, Eech, Eich

Hunsrik: Eich

Luxembourgish: Eech

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: aach

East Franconian:

German: Eiche

Rhine Franconian: Ääch, Eech

Frankfurterisch: Aasch [aːʃ]

From Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”). Cognate with Old Saxon ēk, Old English āc, Old Frisian ēk, and Old Norse eik.


nagal

nagal (nominative singular)
nagala (nominative plural)
nagal (accusative singular)
nagala (accusative plural)
nagales (genitive singular)
nagalo (genitive plural)
nagale (dative singular)
nagalum (dative plural)
nagalu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: nagel, nail, nāl, negel, neil
Bavarian: Någl
Cimbrian: naaghel
Mòcheno: nagel
Central Franconian: Nohl, Nähl, Näl, Nääl, Nahl, Nagel
Hunsrik: Naaghel
Luxembourgish: Nol
German: Nagel
→ Russian: нагель (nagelʹ)
Alemannic German: Nagel
Yiddish: נאָגל (nogl), נאגיל (nogil) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)

From Proto-West Germanic *nagl, whence also Old English næġl, Old Norse nagl.

A nail, pin (metal spike used for fastening) [from 8th c.]


nabager

Middle High German: nabeger, nebeger

German: Näber

Vilamovian: nȧgwer

From Proto-West Germanic *nabugaiʀ.
Cognate with Old Saxon navugēr, Old English nafugār (English auger), Old Norse nafarr.


kiol

kiol (nominative singular)
kiola (nominative plural)
kiol (accusative singular)
kiola (accusative plural)
kioles (genitive singular)
kiolo (genitive plural)
kiole (dative singular)
kiolum (dative plural)
kiolu (instrumental singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *keul, from Proto-Germanic *keulaz.


buohha

q

Middle High German: buoche (possibly conflated with descendant from *bōkō)

Alemannic German: Buech

German: Buche, Büche

Luxembourgish: Bich

Vilamovian: bih́łiḱ


wurt

wurt (nominative singular)
wurti (nominative plural)
wurt (accusative singular)
wurti (accusative plural)
wurti (genitive singular)
wurto (genitive plural)
wurti (dative singular)
wurtim (dative plural)
wurten (dative plural)

Middle High German: wurt

From Proto-West Germanic *wurdi, from Proto-Germanic *wurdiz. Cognate with Old English wyrd, Old Norse urðr, yrðr.


stirna

Middle High German: stirne

German: Stirn

Luxembourgish: Stier

Yiddish: שטערן (shtern)


geist

geista (plural)
geist (nominative singular)
geista (nominative plural)
geist (accusative singular)
geista (accusative plural)
geistes (genitive singular)
geisto (genitive plural)
geiste (dative singular)
geistum (dative plural)
geistu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: geist

German: Geist

→ English: geist

→ Danish: gejst

→ Swedish: geist

→ Norwegian Bokmål: geist

Hunsrik: Geest, Geist

Luxembourgish: Geescht

Yiddish: גײַסט (gayst)

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz.


gibirgi

From gi- + birg + -i. Cognate with Old English gebeorh, Middle High German gebirge.


gibur

gibūr (canonical masculine)
gibūr (nominative singular)
gibūra (nominative plural)
gibūr (accusative singular)
gibūra (accusative plural)
gibūres (genitive singular)
gibūro (genitive plural)
gibūre (dative singular)
gibūrum (dative plural)
gibūru (instrumental singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *gabūr. Equivalent to gi- + būr. Compare Old English ġebūr, Old Saxon gibūr.


scaf

Middle High German: schāf

Alemannic German: Schooff

Swabian: Schoaf

Bavarian: Schåf

Carinthian: Hap

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: Schåf

German: Schaf
→ Alemannic German: Schaf

Hunsrik: Schof

Luxembourgish: Schof

Rhine Franconian: Schoof

Palatine German: Schoof

Pennsylvania German: Schof

Vilamovian: siöf

Yiddish: שאָף (shof)

From Proto-West Germanic *skāp, whence also Old Saxon scāp and Old English scēap.


teic

Wolfgang Pfeifer
w:Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)

Online Etymology Dictionary
w:Online Etymology Dictionary


kalb

kalb (nominative singular)
kelbir (nominative plural)
kalb (accusative singular)
kelbir (accusative plural)
kalbes (genitive singular)
kelbiro (genitive plural)
kalbe (dative singular)
kelbirum (dative plural)
kelbirom (dative plural)
kalbu (instrumental singular)
kalbo (instrumental singular)
kelbirum (instrumental plural)
kelbirom (instrumental plural)

Middle High German: kalp

Alemannic German: Chalp

Central Franconian: Kallev

Cimbrian: khalp, khalbe (Luserna)

German: Kalb

Luxembourgish: Kallef

Vilamovian: kołp

Yiddish: קאַלב (kalb)


armil

armil (nominative singular)
armila (nominative plural)
armil (accusative singular)
armila (accusative plural)
armiles (genitive singular)
armilo (genitive plural)
armile (dative singular)
armilum (dative plural)
armilu (instrumental singular)


ahorn

Middle High German: ahorn

German: Ahorn

→ Proto-Slavic: *àvorъ (see there for further descendants)


teig

Middle High German: teic

German: Teig

Hunsrik: Deich

Luxembourgish: Deeg

desc

Rhine Franconian: Dääch, Daag, Dääg, Daaig, Deeg, Deich, Deig

Frankfurterisch: [d̥aːʃ]

Pennsylvania German: Deeg

Yiddish: טייג (teyg)

From Proto-Germanic *daigaz, whence also Old English dāg, Old Norse deig and Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌲𐍃 (daigs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, to mold, to form”).

der

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)