folgen

folgēn (canonical)
folgēn (infinitive)
folgēm (first-person present singular)
folgēn (first-person present singular)
folgēta (first-person past singular)
folgēs (present second-person singular)
folgēst (present second-person singular)
folgētōs (past second-person singular)
folgētōst (past second-person singular)
folgēt (present singular third-person)
folgēta (past singular third-person)
folgēm (first-person plural present)
folgēmēs (first-person plural present)
folgētum (first-person past plural)
folgētumēs (first-person past plural)
folgēt (plural present second-person)
folgētut (past plural second-person)
folgēnt (plural present third-person)
folgētun (past plural third-person)
folge (first-person present singular)
folgēti (first-person past singular)
folgētīs (past second-person singular)
folgētīst (past second-person singular)
folge (present singular third-person)
folgēti (past singular third-person)
folgētīm (first-person past plural)
folgētīmēs (first-person past plural)
folgētīt (past plural second-person)
folgēn (plural present third-person)
folgētīn (past plural third-person)
folge (present singular)
folgēt (plural present)
folgēnti (present)
gifolgēt (past)

Middle High German: volgen

Alemannic German: folge

Bavarian: foign

Cimbrian: vòlgan, bòlgan (Mezzaselva)

Mòcheno: volng

German: folgen

Luxembourgish: follegen

Yiddish: פֿאָלגן (folgn)

From Proto-West Germanic *folgēn, from Proto-Germanic *fulgāną.


lari

From Proto-West Germanic *lāʀi, from Proto-Germanic *lēziz. Akin to Old English ġelære.


aro

Middle High German: are, ar

German: Aar (poetic)

From Proto-West Germanic *arō, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Adelaar

Middle High German: adelare, adelar; older


salmo

Middle High German: salme

German: Salm


amma

German: Amme


sumar

sumar (nominative singular)
sumara (nominative plural)
sumar (accusative singular)
sumara (accusative plural)
sumares (genitive singular)
sumaro (genitive plural)
sumare (dative singular)
sumarum (dative plural)
sumaru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: sumer

German: Sommer

Hunsrik: Sommer

Luxembourgish: Summer

Mòcheno: summer

Silesian East Central German: Summer

Vilamovian: zumer

Yiddish: זומער (zumer)

From Proto-Germanic *sumaraz, whence also Old English sumor, Old Saxon sumar, Old Norse sumarr, sumar.


gan

Middle High German: gān

Alemannic German: go, gon

Central Franconian: jonn, john, gohn


bein

bein (nominative singular)
bein (nominative plural)
bein (accusative singular)
bein (accusative plural)
beines (genitive singular)
beino (genitive plural)
beine (dative singular)
beinum (dative plural)
beinu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: bein
Alemannic German:
Swabian: Boi, Boa
Bavarian: Boan
Central Franconian: Been
Hunsrik: Been
Luxembourgish: Been
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Been, Baa
German: Bein
Vilamovian: baan
Yiddish: ביין (beyn)

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą, from *bainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂-.


sculan

From Proto-West Germanic *skulan (“to owe”).


beran

beran (infinitive)
biru (first-person present singular)
biro (first-person present singular)
bar (first-person past singular)
biris (present second-person singular)
birist (present second-person singular)
bāri (past second-person singular)
birit (present singular third-person)
bar (past singular third-person)
berem (first-person plural present)
beremēs (first-person plural present)
bārum (first-person past plural)
bārumēs (first-person past plural)
beret (plural present second-person)
bārut (past plural second-person)
berant (plural present third-person)
bārun (past plural third-person)
bere (first-person present singular)
bāri (first-person past singular)
berēs (present second-person singular)
berēst (present second-person singular)
bārīs (past second-person singular)
bārīst (past second-person singular)
bere (present singular third-person)
bāri (past singular third-person)
berēm (first-person plural present)
bārīm (first-person past plural)
bārīmēs (first-person past plural)
berēt (plural present second-person)
bārīt (past plural second-person)
berēn (plural present third-person)
bārīn (past plural third-person)
bir (present singular)
beret (plural present)
beranti (present)
giboran (past)

Middle High German: bëren, bërn

⇒ German: gebären

Alemannic German: beren

From Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną, whence also Old Saxon beran, Old English beran, Old Norse bera, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.


mund

mund (nominative singular)
munda (nominative plural)
mund (accusative singular)
munda (accusative plural)
mundes (genitive singular)
mundo (genitive plural)
munde (dative singular)
mundum (dative plural)
mundu (instrumental singular)


bita

German: Bitte


bita

anticipation, expectation, hesitation, wait


bur

būr (canonical neuter)
būr (nominative singular)
būra (nominative plural)
būr (accusative singular)
būra (accusative plural)
būres (genitive singular)
būro (genitive plural)
būre (dative singular)
būrum (dative plural)
būru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: būr

German: Bauer (“birdcage”)

From Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būrą (“dwelling”), whence also Old English būr, Old Norse búr.

brūd in būre


bur

būr (canonical masculine)
būr (nominative singular)
būra (nominative plural)
būr (accusative singular)
būra (accusative plural)
būres (genitive singular)
būro (genitive plural)
būre (dative singular)
būrum (dative plural)
būru (instrumental singular)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: būre (“neighbor, farmer, peasant”)

desctree

German: Bauer (“farmer”)
→ English: bauer; bower
→ Polish: bauer
→ Serbo-Croatian: pȁor, па̏ор

Luxembourgish: Bauer

Mòcheno: pauer

Pennsylvania German: Bauer

Yiddish: פּויער (poyer)

From Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būraz (“inhabitant”).


bara

Middle High German: bāre

German: Bahre

→ Italian: bara

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old English bēr.


frosk

frosk (nominative singular)
froska (nominative plural)
frosk (accusative singular)
froska (accusative plural)
froskes (genitive singular)
frosko (genitive plural)
froske (dative singular)
froskum (dative plural)
frosku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: vrosch

Bavarian: Frosch, Fruasch

Cimbrian: vross, bross, vrosch

Central Franconian: Frösch, Fräsch

Hunsrik: Frosch

Luxembourgish: Fräsch

German: Frosch

Rhine Franconian: Frosch, Fresch

Frankfurterisch: [fʀoʃ]

Pennsylvania German: Frosch


festi

Middle High German: veste, vast, vest

Alemannic German: fescht

Central Franconian: fass, fast, fest

German: fest

⇒ Cimbrian: vésten, bésten (Mezzaselva)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fast, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.


festi

festī (canonical feminine)
festī (nominative singular)
festī (nominative plural)
festī (accusative singular)
festī (accusative plural)
festī (genitive singular)
festino (genitive plural)
festī (dative singular)
festinum (dative plural)


mines

masculine/neuter genitive singular of mīn


burg

burg (nominative singular)
burgi (nominative plural)
burg (accusative singular)
burgi (accusative plural)
burgi (genitive singular)
burgo (genitive plural)
burgi (dative singular)
burgim (dative plural)
burgen (dative plural)

Middle High German: burc

German: Burg

Luxembourgish: Buerg

From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).


sida

German: Seide

From Medieval Latin saeta (“bristle, horsehair”). Akin to Italian seta.


sunu

Middle High German: sun, suon, sūn, son

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: su, ŝchu

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: zun, sun, sunn

Mòcheno: su'

Udinese: sun, sunn, suun

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Sohn

German: Sohn

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Soh

Yiddish: זון (zun)

From Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.


bizzo

Middle High German: bizze

German: Bissen

From Proto-West Germanic *bitō, from Proto-Germanic *bitô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).


ancho

Middle High German: anke

Alemannic German: Anke


sus

desctree

Middle High German: sus, sust, sunst
Alemannic German: sus, susch, suscht
German: sonst

Related to Proto-West Germanic *swā (“in this manner”), see also Dutch zus.


heis

From Proto-Germanic *haisaz, whence also Old English hās, Old Norse háss.


ruh

Middle High German: rūch

German: rau(h)

Yiddish: רוי (roy)

From Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz, whence also Old English rūh.


fon

Middle High German: von, vone

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: bon

Mòcheno: va

German: von

Luxembourgish: vun

Vilamovian: fon

Yiddish: פֿון (fun)

From Proto-Germanic *afanē, *fanē, *funē (“from”).


kolo

German: Kohl


lao

Middle High German: lā (lāw-)

Alemannic German: leew

German: lau

From Proto-West Germanic *hlāu, related to Old English hlēow, Old Norse hlær.


gen

Middle High German: gēn

German: gehen, gehn

The form gēn appears early on in Bavarian, later spreading to eastern and southern Franconian and to the newly developing East Central German. Its origins are unknown. One theory invokes the original paradigm of Proto-West Germanic *gān, which had *ai in the 2nd and 3rd persons singular of the present; compare Middle Low German gân > he geit, modern Colognian jonn > hä jeiht, etc. The Old High German ē might thus be explained as a compromise vowel between ā and ei. What lends credence to this theory is the fact that Old High German ē cannot have developed regularly in the given position, as it only occurs before h, r, w, and word-finally.


zand

zand (nominative singular)
zandi (nominative plural)
zand (accusative singular)
zandi (accusative plural)
zand (genitive singular)
zando (genitive plural)
zand (dative singular)
zandim (dative plural)
zanden (dative plural)
zand (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: zan, zant
Alemannic German: Zah
Bavarian: Zåhn, Zant
Central Franconian: Zank, Zand
Kölsch: Zant
German: Zahn
→ Central Franconian: Zahn
Hunsrik: Zaan
Luxembourgish: Zant
Pennsylvania German: Zaah
Swabian: Zah, Zai
Vilamovian: cōn
Yiddish: צאָן (tson)

→ Italian: zanna (via Lombardic)

From Proto-West Germanic *tanþ.
Cognates:
Compare Old Saxon tand, Old Dutch tand, Old Frisian toth, Old English tōþ, Old Norse tǫnn, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus).


buan

desc

Middle High German: būwen, biuwen, bouwen

Alemannic German: buue, puue

German: bauen
→ Saterland Frisian: baue

Luxembourgish: bauen

Yiddish: בויען (boyen)

From Proto-West Germanic *būan, from Proto-Germanic *būaną, whence also Old English būan, Old Norse búa.


kumo

Middle High German: kūme, kūm

Cimbrian: kaum

German: kaum

From Proto-Germanic *kūmot, from *kūmaz, *kūmijaz (“weak, pitiful, frail, miserable”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”).


warmi

warmī (canonical feminine)
warmī (nominative singular)
warmī (accusative singular)
warmī (genitive singular)
warmī (dative singular)

Middle High German: werme

Cimbrian: berme, bèrme (Sette Comuni)

German: Wärme

Hunsrik: Wäärem


grifo

Middle High German: grīfe

German: Greif


faran

faran (infinitive)
faru (first-person present singular)
faro (first-person present singular)
fuor (first-person past singular)
faris (present second-person singular)
farist (present second-person singular)
fuori (past second-person singular)
farit (present singular third-person)
fuor (past singular third-person)
farem (first-person plural present)
faremēs (first-person plural present)
fuorum (first-person past plural)
fuorumēs (first-person past plural)
faret (plural present second-person)
fuorut (past plural second-person)
farant (plural present third-person)
fuorun (past plural third-person)
fare (first-person present singular)
fuori (first-person past singular)
farēs (present second-person singular)
farēst (present second-person singular)
fuorīs (past second-person singular)
fuorīst (past second-person singular)
fare (present singular third-person)
fuori (past singular third-person)
farēm (first-person plural present)
fuorīm (first-person past plural)
fuorīmēs (first-person past plural)
farēt (plural present second-person)
fuorīt (past plural second-person)
farēn (plural present third-person)
fuorīn (past plural third-person)
far (present singular)
faret (plural present)
faranti (present)
gifaran (past)

Middle High German: varen, varn

Alemannic German: faare, fare

Bavarian: foarn

Central Franconian: fahre, foahre

Hunsrik: faare

Luxembourgish: fueren

German: fahren

Yiddish: פֿאָרן (forn)

From Proto-West Germanic *faran, from Proto-Germanic *faraną, whence also Old Saxon faran, Old Dutch faran, Old English faran, Old Norse fara, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran).


wiz

Middle High German: wīz, wīs

Alemannic German: wiiss

Italian Walser: wiss, wéiss

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: baiz, baizz, bais

Mòcheno: bais

Udinese: bais, baiss

Central Franconian: wieß

Kirchröadsj Ripuarian: wies

German: weiß

Luxembourgish: wäiss

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: weiss

Vilamovian: wȧjs

Yiddish: ווײַס (vays)

From Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, see also Old Saxon hwīt, Old English hwīt, Old Norse hvítr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytos (“bright; shine”).


haba

Middle High German: habe

German: Habe


unc

German: Unke

From Proto-Germanic *unkwiz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éngʷʰis (“snake”).


garn

Middle High German: garn

Cimbrian: gaarn, ghèrn

German: Garn

Luxembourgish: Gar

From Proto-Germanic *garną, whence also Old English ġearn, Old Norse garn. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰorn-, *ǵʰer- (“gut, intestine”).


seo

Middle High German: sē m (rarely f)

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: sea

Mòcheno: sea

German: See m (“lake”), See f (“sea”) (latter in part from Low German)

Luxembourgish: Séi

From Proto-Germanic *saiwiz, whence also Old Dutch and Old Saxon sēo, Old English sæ, Old Norse sær, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 (saiws).


ger

gēr (canonical masculine)
gēr (nominative singular)
gēra (nominative plural)
gēr (accusative singular)
gēra (accusative plural)
gēres (genitive singular)
gēro (genitive plural)
gēre (dative singular)
gērum (dative plural)
gēru (instrumental singular)

Lombardic: ger

→⇒ Italian: gherone

Middle High German: gēr

German: Ger

From Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (“spear”).


ger

From Proto-West Germanic *ger, from Proto-Germanic *geraz.


elina

elina (nominative singular)
elinā (nominative plural)
elina (accusative singular)
elinā (accusative plural)
elina (genitive singular)
elinōno (genitive plural)
elinu (dative singular)
elinōm (dative plural)

desc

Middle High German: elline, elne, elle, eln, ellen, ele

Cimbrian: élla

German: Elle

From Proto-West Germanic *alinu, whence also Old English eln, Old Norse ǫln. Compare Latin ulna.


anker

German: Anker

From Proto-Germanic *ankurô, whence also Old English ancor, Old Norse akkeri, from Latin ancora.


fluor

fluor (nominative singular)
fluora (nominative plural)
fluor (accusative singular)
fluora (accusative plural)
fluores (genitive singular)
fluoro (genitive plural)
fluore (dative singular)
fluorum (dative plural)
fluoru (instrumental singular)


ding

ding (nominative singular)
ding (nominative plural)
ding (accusative singular)
ding (accusative plural)
dinges (genitive singular)
dingo (genitive plural)
dinge (dative singular)
dingum (dative plural)
dingu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: dinc

Cimbrian: ding

German: Ding

Luxembourgish: Déngen

Pennsylvania German: Ding


rama

desctree

> Middle High German: rame, ram (inherited)
Alemannic German: Ramme
German: Rahmen m, Ramen, Rahme, Rame (obsolete)
→ Czech: rám
→ Romanian: ramă
→ Russian: рама (rama)
Luxembourgish: Rumm
Vilamovian: raom
→ Old Polish: rama, ram
Polish: rama
→ Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)
→ Kashubian: rama
→ Russian: ра́ма (ráma)
→ Azerbaijani: rama
→ Ingush: рама (rama)
→ Yakut: араама (araama)
→ Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)
Silesian: rama, rōma

From Proto-West Germanic *hramu (“frame, support”).


mago

Middle High German: mage

Bavarian: Mågn

German: Magen

Hunsrik: Maaghe, Maan

Luxembourgish: Mo

Vilamovian: maoga

Yiddish: מאָגן (mogn)

→ Italian: magone

→ Venetan: magon


liska

Middle High German: *lische

German: Liesch

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-West Germanic *hlisku, *hlisiku, *hlusiku (“sedge”), diminutive of Proto-West Germanic *hlus (“reed, sedge”). The ultimate origin could be
* Borrowed from Romance/Medieval Latin lisca, though the reverse is also possible; this could be from Vulgar Latin *alisca, from Latin arista (“(ear of) corn, grain, awn”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *leu, related to Lithuanian laure (“dirty person”), referring to the mud it grows in.
* From a pre-Germanic/pre-Roman substrate language.
Compare Middle Low German lēsch, lǖsch, lūs, lēsek, lēsik (“reed, sedge”), Middle Dutch luusch, Old Saxon hlus (“reed, sedge”).


sunne

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō.


grap

desctree

Middle High German: grap
Central Franconian: Grav, Jrav
Hunsrik: Graab
Luxembourgish: Graf
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: grap
East Central German:
Vilamovian: graob, grob
East Franconian:
German: Grab
Rhine Franconian: Grab
Frankfurterisch: [krɑːp], (plural) [kʀεːvæ̆]
Yiddish: גרוב (grub)


sterk

sterk (nominative singular)
sterka (nominative plural)
sterk (accusative singular)
sterka (accusative plural)
sterkes (genitive singular)
sterko (genitive plural)
sterke (dative singular)
sterkum (dative plural)
sterku (instrumental singular)


sagen

sagēn (canonical)
sagēn (infinitive)
sagēm (first-person present singular)
sagēn (first-person present singular)
sagēta (first-person past singular)
sagēs (present second-person singular)
sagēst (present second-person singular)
sagētōs (past second-person singular)
sagētōst (past second-person singular)
sagēt (present singular third-person)
sagēta (past singular third-person)
sagēm (first-person plural present)
sagēmēs (first-person plural present)
sagētum (first-person past plural)
sagētumēs (first-person past plural)
sagēt (plural present second-person)
sagētut (past plural second-person)
sagēnt (plural present third-person)
sagētun (past plural third-person)
sage (first-person present singular)
sagēti (first-person past singular)
sagētīs (past second-person singular)
sagētīst (past second-person singular)
sage (present singular third-person)
sagēti (past singular third-person)
sagētīm (first-person past plural)
sagētīmēs (first-person past plural)
sagētīt (past plural second-person)
sagēn (plural present third-person)
sagētīn (past plural third-person)
sage (present singular)
sagēt (plural present)
sagēnti (present)
gisagēt (past)

Middle High German: sagen

Alemannic German: säge

Alsatian: soeje (near Fränkisch areas, in Northern Alsace), sawe (Central), sàge (South)

Swabian:

Sathmar Swabian: sage

Walser: sägä, séege, ŝchegi, ŝchége

desc

Bavarian: sogn, sågn, song (phonetic spelling), soon (Timau), sång

Central Franconian: sage

German: sagen

Luxembourgish: soen

Vilamovian: ziön

Yiddish: זאָגן (zogn)

From Proto-West Germanic *saggjan, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną, whence also Old Saxon seggian, Old English secgan, Old Norse segja. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-.


distil

Middle High German: distel

German: Distel

Luxembourgish: Dëschtel

Vilamovian: döstuł

Pennsylvania German: Dischdel

From Proto-West Germanic *þistil, see also Old English þistel, Old Norse þistill.


smal

Middle High German: smal

Bavarian: schmål, schmoi

German: schmal

Hunsrik: schmaal

Luxembourgish: schmuel

Vilamovian: śmoł

Yiddish: שמאָל (shmol)

From Proto-West Germanic *smal, from Proto-Germanic *smalaz, whence also Old English smæl, Old Norse smalr.


inwit

From Proto-Germanic *inwidją (“malice, wickedness”). Cognate with Old Saxon inwid (“fraud”), Old English inwid, Old Norse ívið (“deceit, evil”) (attested in compound íviðgjarn). Further root-related to Old Norse íviðja (“malicious female being(?)”). .


walt

From Proto-West Germanic *wald, from Proto-Germanic *waldą (“power, authority”), whence also Old English weald, Old Norse vald.


walt

Middle High German: gewalt

German: Gewalt

Hunsrik: Gewalt

Luxembourgish: Gewalt

Pennsylvania German: Gewalt

desc

Yiddish: געװאַלד (gevald), געוואַלט (gevalt), גװאַלד (gvald), גוואַלט (gvalt)


fisk

fisk (nominative singular)
fiska (nominative plural)
fisk (accusative singular)
fiska (accusative plural)
fiskes (genitive singular)
fisko (genitive plural)
fiske (dative singular)
fiskum (dative plural)
fisku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: visch

Bavarian: Fiisch

Cimbrian: viss, biss, visch

Mòcheno: visch

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Fisch

Kölsch: Fesch

German: Fisch

Luxembourgish: Fësch

Transylvanian Saxon: Fäsch

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Fusch, Fisch

Vilamovian: fejś

Yiddish: פֿיש (fish)

From Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, whence also Old English fisċ, Old Norse fiskr, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (fisks), from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-. Cognates include Latin piscis.


ort

Middle High German: ort

Bavarian: Oat

German: Ort

Luxembourgish: Uert

Yiddish: אָרט (ort)

From Proto-West Germanic *oʀd, from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz. Cognate with Old English ord, Old Norse oddr.


hangen

hangēn (canonical)
hangēn (infinitive)
hangēm (first-person present singular)
hangēn (first-person present singular)
hangēta (first-person past singular)
hangēs (present second-person singular)
hangēst (present second-person singular)
hangētōs (past second-person singular)
hangētōst (past second-person singular)
hangēt (present singular third-person)
hangēta (past singular third-person)
hangēm (first-person plural present)
hangēmēs (first-person plural present)
hangētum (first-person past plural)
hangētumēs (first-person past plural)
hangēt (plural present second-person)
hangētut (past plural second-person)
hangēnt (plural present third-person)
hangētun (past plural third-person)
hange (first-person present singular)
hangēti (first-person past singular)
hangētīs (past second-person singular)
hangētīst (past second-person singular)
hange (present singular third-person)
hangēti (past singular third-person)
hangētīm (first-person past plural)
hangētīmēs (first-person past plural)
hangētīt (past plural second-person)
hangēn (plural present third-person)
hangētīn (past plural third-person)
hange (present singular)
hangēt (plural present)
hangēnti (present)
gihangēt (past)

Middle High German: hangen

German: hängen (merger with hāhen and hengen)

Switzerland German: hangen

>? Cimbrian: hangan


kus

Middle High German: kus, kos

Cimbrian: khüss (vowel influenced by verb)

German: Kuss

Hunsrik: Kuss

Luxembourgish: Kuss

From Proto-West Germanic *koss, see also Old Saxon kus, Old English coss, Old Norse koss.


krig

desctree

Middle High German: kriec
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: khriage, khriig (Sette Comuni)
Mòcheno: kriag
Central Franconian: Kriech, Kreech (Ripuarian; northern Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Kriegh, kriich
Luxembourgish: Krich
German: Krieg
Rhine Franconian: Kriech, Krieg, Kriesch
Frankfurterisch: [kʀiːʃ]
Vilamovian: krig
Yiddish: קריג (krig)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *krīg.


jung

desctree

Middle High German: junc
Alemannic German: jung, jungu, jungà, junhs, jòng
Bavarian: junk
Cimbrian: jung, djung, junk
Mòcheno: jung
Central Franconian: jonk
Hunsrik: jung
Luxembourgish: jonk
German: jung
Pennsylvania German: jung
Vilamovian: jung
Yiddish: יונג (yung)

From Proto-West Germanic *jung, from Proto-Germanic *jungaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuh₁n̥ḱós.


quat

desc

Middle High German: quāt, kāt, quōt, kōt

German: Kot

Cimbrian: khòat


ewig

Middle High German: ēwic

Cimbrian: éevig

German: ewig

Yiddish: אייביק (eybik)


sis

second-person singular present subjunctive of wesan


heil

Middle High German: heil

German: heil

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz, whence also Old Saxon hēl, Old English hāl, Old Norse heill, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails), Vandalic eils. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos (“healthy, whole”).


heil

German: Heil

From Proto-Germanic *hailą, whence also Old English hæl, Old Norse heill.


hodo

Middle High German: hōde

German: Hode, Hoden

From Proto-West Germanic *hoþō, from Proto-Germanic *huþô. Compare Old High German hūt and hutta


mord

German: Mord

From Proto-West Germanic *morþ, from Proto-Germanic *murþą.


hinta

German: Hinde

From Proto-West Germanic *hindi, see also Old English hind, Old Norse hind.


seito

Middle High German: seite

German: Saite


rasta

German: Rast

From Proto-West Germanic *rastu, see also Old English ræst, Old Norse rǫst.


arg

argēr (masculine nominative singular)
arg (masculine nominative singular)
argiu (feminine nominative singular)
arg (feminine nominative singular)
argaz (neuter nominative singular)
arg (neuter nominative singular)
argan (accusative masculine singular)
arga (accusative feminine singular)
argaz (accusative neuter singular)
arges (genitive masculine singular)
argera (feminine genitive singular)
arges (genitive neuter singular)
argemu (dative masculine singular)
argeru (dative feminine singular)
argemu (dative neuter singular)
argu (instrumental masculine singular)
argu (instrumental neuter singular)
arge (masculine nominative plural)
arg (masculine nominative plural)
argo (feminine nominative plural)
arg (feminine nominative plural)
argiu (neuter nominative plural)
arg (neuter nominative plural)
arge (accusative masculine plural)
argo (accusative feminine plural)
argiu (accusative neuter plural)
argero (genitive masculine plural)
argero (feminine genitive plural)
argero (genitive neuter plural)
argēm (dative masculine plural)
argēm (dative feminine plural)
argēm (dative neuter plural)
argo (masculine nominative singular)
arga (feminine nominative singular)
arga (neuter nominative singular)
argon (accusative masculine singular)
argūn (accusative feminine singular)
arga (accusative neuter singular)
argen (genitive masculine singular)
argūn (feminine genitive singular)
argen (genitive neuter singular)
argen (dative masculine singular)
argūn (dative feminine singular)
argen (dative neuter singular)
argon (masculine nominative plural)
argūn (feminine nominative plural)
argon (neuter nominative plural)
argon (accusative masculine plural)
argūn (accusative feminine plural)
argon (accusative neuter plural)
argōno (genitive masculine plural)
argōno (feminine genitive plural)
argōno (genitive neuter plural)
argōm (dative masculine plural)
argōm (dative feminine plural)
argōm (dative neuter plural)
argōro (comparative masculine nominative singular)
argōra (comparative feminine nominative singular)
argōra (comparative neuter nominative singular)
argōron (accusative comparative masculine singular)
argōrūn (accusative comparative feminine singular)
argōra (accusative comparative neuter singular)
argōren (comparative genitive masculine singular)
argōrūn (comparative feminine genitive singular)
argōren (comparative genitive neuter singular)
argōren (comparative dative masculine singular)
argōrūn (comparative dative feminine singular)
argōren (comparative dative neuter singular)
argōron (comparative masculine nominative plural)
argōrūn (comparative feminine nominative plural)
argōron (comparative neuter nominative plural)
argōron (accusative comparative masculine plural)
argōrūn (accusative comparative feminine plural)
argōron (accusative comparative neuter plural)
argōrōno (comparative genitive masculine plural)
argōrōno (comparative feminine genitive plural)
argōrōno (comparative genitive neuter plural)
argōrōm (comparative dative masculine plural)
argōrōm (comparative dative feminine plural)
argōrōm (comparative dative neuter plural)
argōstēr (masculine nominative singular superlative)
argōst (masculine nominative singular superlative)
argōstiu (feminine nominative singular superlative)
argōst (feminine nominative singular superlative)
argōstaz (neuter nominative singular superlative)
argōst (neuter nominative singular superlative)
argōstan (accusative masculine singular superlative)
argōsta (accusative feminine singular superlative)
argōstaz (accusative neuter singular superlative)
argōstes (genitive masculine singular superlative)
argōstera (feminine genitive singular superlative)
argōstes (genitive neuter singular superlative)
argōstemu (dative masculine singular superlative)
argōsteru (dative feminine singular superlative)
argōstemu (dative neuter singular superlative)
argōstu (instrumental masculine singular superlative)
argōstu (instrumental neuter singular superlative)
argōste (masculine nominative plural superlative)
argōst (masculine nominative plural superlative)
argōsto (feminine nominative plural superlative)
argōst (feminine nominative plural superlative)
argōstiu (neuter nominative plural superlative)
argōst (neuter nominative plural superlative)
argōste (accusative masculine plural superlative)
argōsto (accusative feminine plural superlative)
argōstiu (accusative neuter plural superlative)
argōstero (genitive masculine plural superlative)
argōstero (feminine genitive plural superlative)
argōstero (genitive neuter plural superlative)
argōstēm (dative masculine plural superlative)
argōstēm (dative feminine plural superlative)
argōstēm (dative neuter plural superlative)
argōsto (masculine nominative singular superlative)
argōsta (feminine nominative singular superlative)
argōsta (neuter nominative singular superlative)
argōston (accusative masculine singular superlative)
argōstūn (accusative feminine singular superlative)
argōsta (accusative neuter singular superlative)
argōsten (genitive masculine singular superlative)
argōstūn (feminine genitive singular superlative)
argōsten (genitive neuter singular superlative)
argōsten (dative masculine singular superlative)
argōstūn (dative feminine singular superlative)
argōsten (dative neuter singular superlative)
argōston (masculine nominative plural superlative)
argōstūn (feminine nominative plural superlative)
argōston (neuter nominative plural superlative)
argōston (accusative masculine plural superlative)
argōstūn (accusative feminine plural superlative)
argōston (accusative neuter plural superlative)
argōstōno (genitive masculine plural superlative)
argōstōno (feminine genitive plural superlative)
argōstōno (genitive neuter plural superlative)
argōstōm (dative masculine plural superlative)
argōstōm (dative feminine plural superlative)
argōstōm (dative neuter plural superlative)

Middle High German: arc

Alemannic German: arg, arig

Swabian: arg

Bavarian: oarg

desc

Central Franconian: ärch, arch (Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: aarich

German: arg

Luxembourgish: uerg

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: aarich, arch, arich

Pennsylvania German: arig, arrig

→ Medieval Latin: arga

From Proto-Germanic *argaz, whence also Old English earg, Old Norse argr.


turi

Middle High German: türe

Alemannic German: Tüür, Tiire (Uri), Dire

Bavarian: Dia, Tia

Cimbrian: tür

Mòcheno: tir

Central Franconian: Dür, Diar

Kölsch: Dör, Dür

East Central German: Thüa(r) (Egerländisch)

Upper Saxon German: Düre

German: Tür, Türe

Luxembourgish: Dier

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Deer

Pennsylvania German: Dier

Yiddish: טיר (tir)


hamar

Middle High German: hamer

Bavarian: Håmmer

German: Hammer

Luxembourgish: Hummer

Yiddish: האַמער (hamer)

From Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros, from *h₂éḱmō (“stone”).
Cognate with Old Saxon hamar, Old Frisian hamar, Old English hamor, Old Norse hamarr.


brut

Middle High German: brūt

Alemannic German: Bruut

Central Franconian: Brock, Brout, Bruut, Bruck

Hunsrik: praut

German: Braut

Luxembourgish: Braut

→ Friulian: brût

→ Old French: bruy

French: bru

From Proto-West Germanic *brūdi, whence also Old Saxon brūd, Old English brȳd, Old Norse brúðr.


huso

hūso (canonical masculine)
hūso (nominative singular)
hūson (nominative plural)
hūsun (nominative plural)
hūson (accusative singular)
hūsun (accusative singular)
hūson (accusative plural)
hūsun (accusative plural)
hūsen (genitive singular)
hūsin (genitive singular)
hūsōno (genitive plural)
hūsen (dative singular)
hūsin (dative singular)
hūsōm (dative plural)
hūsōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: hūse

desctree

German: Hausen, Hause (archaic)
→ English: hawsom (obsolete)

Unknown. Akin to Middle Low German hūse, hūsen, Middle Dutch huus.


biga

Middle High German: bīge

Alemannic German: Biigi

German: Beige

→ Italian: bica

Related to Old Norse bingr (“heap”) (English bing), from a Proto-Germanic derivative of Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick”), see also Sanskrit बहुल (bahula, “abundant”).


oba

Middle High German: obe, ob, op

German: ob

Yiddish: אויב (oyb)


naba

German: Nabe


loup

Middle High German: loup

Alemannic German: Làuib (Alsatian)

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: loap

Mòcheno: lap

Hunsrik: Laab

German: Laub

Luxembourgish: Laf

Rhine Franconian: Laab

Frankfurterisch: Laab

Vilamovian: łojp

From Proto-West Germanic *laub, see also Old Saxon lōf, Old English lēaf, Old Norse lauf, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍃 (laufs).


rinda

German: Rinde

From Proto-Germanic *rindǭ, whence also Old English rinde.


maz

Middle High German: maz

From Proto-West Germanic *mati. Cognate with Old English mete, Old Norse matr.


muntar

From Proto-West Germanic *mundr, from Proto-Germanic *mundraz, from Proto-Indo-European *mendʰ- (“see; strive; long for; be zealous for; be lively”).


hina

German: hin

From Proto-Germanic [Term?]. Compare Old English heonan (“from here, hence”). From the same root as hia, hiar (“here”).


ahir

Middle High German: eher, äher

Alemannic German: Äli

desc

Central Franconian: Ohr, Öhr, Ähr, Ähjer, Iehr

Luxembourgish: Éi

German: Ähre

Vilamovian: yjer


ur-

Middle High German: ur-

desctree

German: ur-
→ English: ur-
→ Dutch: oer-

Yiddish: אור־ (ur-)


ibu

From Proto-Germanic *jabai. Compare oba, whence modern German ob.


findan

findan (infinitive)
findu (first-person present singular)
findo (first-person present singular)
fand (first-person past singular)
findis (present second-person singular)
findist (present second-person singular)
fundi (past second-person singular)
findit (present singular third-person)
fand (past singular third-person)
findem (first-person plural present)
findemēs (first-person plural present)
fundum (first-person past plural)
fundumēs (first-person past plural)
findet (plural present second-person)
fundut (past plural second-person)
findant (plural present third-person)
fundun (past plural third-person)
finde (first-person present singular)
fundi (first-person past singular)
findēs (present second-person singular)
findēst (present second-person singular)
fundīs (past second-person singular)
fundīst (past second-person singular)
finde (present singular third-person)
fundi (past singular third-person)
findēm (first-person plural present)
fundīm (first-person past plural)
fundīmēs (first-person past plural)
findēt (plural present second-person)
fundīt (past plural second-person)
findēn (plural present third-person)
fundīn (past plural third-person)
find (present singular)
findet (plural present)
findanti (present)
gifundan (past)

Middle High German: vinden
Alemannic German: fianda (Vorarlberg)
Bavarian: findn
Cimbrian: vènnan, bènnan, vennen, vintan
Mòcheno: vinnen
Central Franconian: fenge
German: finden
Luxembourgish: fannen
Yiddish: געפֿינען (gefinen)

From Proto-West Germanic *finþan, from Proto-Germanic *finþaną. Cognate with Old Saxon findan, Old Dutch findan, Old English findan, Old Frisian finda, Old Norse finna, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (finþan).


grob

If related to Old English hrēof (“mangy, rough”), then possibly from Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, crusty”). See also Dutch grof, as well as modern German Griebe (“greaves, crackling”).


scala

Middle High German: schāle

Bavarian: Schoin

German: Schale
→ Serbo-Croatian: šolja

Yiddish: שאָל (shol)

From Proto-Germanic *skalō (“shell”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, part, divide”).


beri

Middle High German: ber

Alemannic German: Berri

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: per

Mòcheno: per

German: Beere

Hunsrik: Beer

Luxembourgish: Bier

Pennsylvania German: Beer

Vilamovian: bjēr

From Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, see also Old English berġe, Old Norse ber.


rogo

German: Rogen


gern

Middle High German: gern, gerne

From Proto-West Germanic *gern, from Proto-Germanic *gernaz, whence also Old English ġeorn.


kasi

From Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, like the variant chāsi.


hamo

From Proto-West Germanic *hamō, from Proto-Germanic *hamô.


treno

From Proto-West Germanic *drānu. Akin to Old English drān.


baro

From Proto-West Germanic *baru, from Proto-Germanic *barwaz.


baro

From Proto-West Germanic *barō, from Proto-Germanic *barô.


furt

Middle High German: vurt

German: Furt

→ Saterland Frisian: Fúurt

From Proto-West Germanic *furdu, from Proto-Germanic *furduz (“crossing, ford”) (whence also Old Saxon and Old English ford), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥téw-.


fruma

Middle High German: vrome, vrume

German: Fromme

desc

⇒ Middle High German: vrume (“firm, upright”, adjective)

German: fromm

desctree

Yiddish: פֿרום (frum)
→ English: frum, frummer


magar

German: mager

Yiddish: מאָגער (moger)

From Proto-West Germanic *magr, see also Old English mæġer, Old Norse magr.


noh

Middle High German: noch

Bavarian: noch, nu

Cimbrian: nó

German: noch

Luxembourgish: nach

Yiddish: נאָך (nokh)


marchat

desc

Middle High German: market, markt, mart, merket, merk

Alemannic German: Märcht

Bavarian: Morkt

Central Franconian: Maat, Mart (less common)

German: Markt

Luxembourgish: Maart

Yiddish: מאַרק (mark)

Borrowed from Late Latin marcātus, from Classical Latin mercātus.


holuntar

Middle High German: holunter, holunder, holer

German: Holunder, Holder, Holler, Hohlunder, Hollunder, Holunter, Hohlunter, Hollunter


wechalter

German: Wacholder

wechal + ter.
* The first element is related to wickilī (“fibres wound around the distaff”), from Proto-Germanic *wīkaną (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *weg- (“to weave”).
* The second element is related to Proto-West Germanic *teru (“resin, tar”).


kelih

desctree

Middle High German: kelich, kelch
Cimbrian: khèlch
German: Kelch
→ English: kelch, Kelch
→ Old Czech: kalich, kelich
Czech: kalich
→ Polish: kielich
→ Belarusian: ке́ліх (kjélix)
→ Ukrainian: ке́лих (kélyx), ке́лех (kélex)
→ Slovak: kalich
→ Slovene: kẹ́lih


chuhhina

Middle High German: küche, kuche

Alemannic German: Chuchi

Swabian:

Bavarian: Kuche, Kuhe, Kuchl (diminutive)

Cimbrian: khuchl (diminutive)

Mòcheno:

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Kich

Kölsch: Kösch

Luxembourgish: Kichen

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: kych

East Franconian:

German: Küche

Rhine Franconian: Kich, Kiech, Kisch

Frankfurterisch: [kiʃ]

Pennsylvania German: Kich

Yiddish: קיך (kikh)

→ Czech: kuchyně

→ Old Polish: kuchnia (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кухиња

Latin script: kuhinja

→ Slovene: kuhinja

→ Hungarian: konyha (via some Slavic language)

From Proto-West Germanic *kukinā, from Late Latin cocīna, from earlier coquīna.


mulin

mulīn (canonical feminine)
mulīn (nominative singular)
mulīni (nominative plural)
mulīn (accusative singular)
mulīni (accusative plural)
mulīni (genitive singular)
mulīno (genitive plural)
mulīni (dative singular)
mulīnim (dative plural)
mulīnen (dative plural)
mulī (nominative singular)
mulī (nominative plural)
mulī (accusative singular)
mulī (accusative plural)
mulī (genitive singular)
mulino (genitive plural)
mulī (dative singular)
mulinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: mül, müle

Alemannic German: Müli

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: müul

Mòcheno: mil

Central Franconian: Möhl

Hunsrik: Mihl

Luxembourgish: Millen

German: Mühle

Pennsylvania German: Miehl

Yiddish: מיל (mil)


fuotar

Middle High German: vuoter

Cimbrian: fuutar

German: Futter

Luxembourgish: Fudder

From Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (“fodder”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“guard, graze, feed”). Cognate with Old English fōdor, Old Norse fóðr.


fuotar

Middle High German: vuoter

German: Futter

→ Polish: futro

Luxembourgish: Fudder

→ Venetan: fódro

→? Cimbrian: fòdara

→ Italian: fodero

From Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (“sheath”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect, guard”) + *-þrą. Compare Old English fōdor, Old Norse fóðr, Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂 (fōdr).


sconi

Middle High German: schœne

Bavarian: schee

Cimbrian: söon, schümma (Luserna)

Mòcheno: schea'

Central Franconian: schün

Hunsrik: scheen

East Central German:

Silesian East Central German: scheene

Volhynian German: scheen

East Franconian: schee

desctree

German: schön
→ Central Franconian: schön, schien
→ Japanese: シャン (shan)

Luxembourgish: schéin

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: schee

Palatine German: schee, schää, schään

Pennsylvania German: schee

Yiddish: שיין (sheyn)

From Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz.


sconi

scōnī (canonical feminine)
scōnī (nominative singular)
scōnī (accusative singular)
scōnī (genitive singular)
scōnī (dative singular)

Middle High German:

Alemannic German: Schoon

Derived from the adjective scōni: scōni + -ī.


brennen

brennen (infinitive)
brennu (first-person present singular)
branta (first-person past singular)
brennis (present second-person singular)
brennist (present second-person singular)
brantōs (past second-person singular)
brenntōst (past second-person singular)
brennit (present singular third-person)
branta (past singular third-person)
brennem (first-person plural present)
brennemēs (first-person plural present)
brantum (first-person past plural)
brantumēs (first-person past plural)
brennet (plural present second-person)
brantut (past plural second-person)
brennent (plural present third-person)
brantun (past plural third-person)
brenne (first-person present singular)
branti (first-person past singular)
brennēs (present second-person singular)
brennēst (present second-person singular)
brantīs (past second-person singular)
brantīst (past second-person singular)
brenne (present singular third-person)
branti (past singular third-person)
brennēm (first-person plural present)
brennēn (first-person plural present)
brantīm (first-person past plural)
brantīn (first-person past plural)
brantīmēs (first-person past plural)
brennēt (plural present second-person)
brantīt (past plural second-person)
brennēn (plural present third-person)
brantīn (past plural third-person)
brenni (present singular)
brennet (plural present)
brennenti (present)
gibrant (past)

Middle High German: brennen

Bavarian: brenna

German: brennen

Luxembourgish: brennen

Yiddish: ברענען (brenen)

From Proto-West Germanic *brannijan, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną. Cognate with Old English bærnan, Old Saxon brinnan, Old Norse brenna.


ridan

Middle High German: rīden

German: reiden (dialectal)

Italian: riddare

From Proto-West Germanic *wrīþan, from Proto-Germanic *wrīþaną.


rihhi

Middle High German: rīche
Alemannic German: riich
Central Franconian: rich, riech, reich
Luxembourgish: räich
German: reich
Yiddish: רײַך (raykh)

→ Italian: ricco

→ Sicilian: riccu

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī (“mighty, rich”).


rihhi

rīhhi (canonical neuter)
rīhhi (nominative singular)
rīhhi (nominative plural)
rīhhi (accusative singular)
rīhhi (accusative plural)
rīhhes (genitive singular)
rīhho (genitive plural)
rīhhe (dative singular)
rīhhim (dative plural)
rīhhu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: riche
Bavarian: Reich
German: Reich
→ English: Reich
→ Polish: Reich
→ Russian: рейх (rejx)
Luxembourgish: Räich

→ Polish: rzesza

→ Czech: říše

→ Slovak: ríša

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī (“kingdom, realm”).


mado

German: Made


uter

Middle High German: ūter, iuter m or n

Cimbrian: autar n

German: Euter n

Luxembourgish: Auder m

From Proto-Germanic *ūdarą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewHdʰr̥-, *h₁ówHdʰr̥, *h₁uHdʰr̥- (“udder”).


wesan

wesan (infinitive)
bim (first-person present singular)
bin (first-person present singular)
was (first-person past singular)
bist (present second-person singular)
bis (present second-person singular)
wāri (past second-person singular)
ist (present singular third-person)
was (past singular third-person)
birum (first-person plural present)
birun (first-person plural present)
wārum (first-person past plural)
wārumēs (first-person past plural)
birut (plural present second-person)
wārut (past plural second-person)
sint (plural present third-person)
wārun (past plural third-person)
sī (first-person present singular)
wāri (first-person past singular)
sīs (present second-person singular)
sīst (present second-person singular)
wārīs (past second-person singular)
wārīst (past second-person singular)
sī (present singular third-person)
wāri (past singular third-person)
sīn (first-person plural present)
wārīm (first-person past plural)
wārīmēs (first-person past plural)
sīt (plural present second-person)
wārīt (past plural second-person)
sīn (plural present third-person)
wārīn (past plural third-person)
wis (present singular)
wesit (plural present)
wesanti (present)
giwesan (past)

Middle High German: wësen

desc

Alemannic German: si, sii, siin, sinh, ŝchi

Swabian:

Bavarian: sain

Cimbrian: sain, soin, zèinan

Mòcheno: sai'

Northern Bavarian: [z̥ai̯]

Central Franconian: sein, senn, sinn

Hunsrik: sin

Luxembourgish: sinn

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: [saɪ]

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: zajn

East Franconian:

German: sein (all forms); Wesen

Rhine Franconian: sei, senn, sinn

Frankfurterisch: [sɑ̃ɪ]

Pennsylvania German: sei

Yiddish: זײַן (zayn)

From Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-.

jewäs

giwesan (past participle) (in some descendants, the strong -en ending was replaced by the weak -t ending, or elided)


mura

mūra (canonical feminine)
mūra (nominative singular)
mūrā (nominative plural)
mūra (accusative singular)
mūrā (accusative plural)
mūra (genitive singular)
mūrōno (genitive plural)
mūru (dative singular)
mūrōm (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: mūre, miure, mūr, miur
Alemannic German: Muur
Central Franconian: Mouer (Moselle)
Hunsrik: Mauer
Luxembourgish: Mauer
German: Mauer
Rhine Franconian: Mauer, Muur
Frankfurterisch: [mauæ̆]
Yiddish: מויער (moyer)
→ Polish: mur (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *mūrā, borrowed from Latin mūrus, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey-.


bringan

bringan (infinitive)
bringu (first-person present singular)
bringo (first-person present singular)
brang (first-person past singular)
brāhta (first-person past singular)
bringis (present second-person singular)
bringist (present second-person singular)
brungi (past second-person singular)
bringit (present singular third-person)
brang (past singular third-person)
brāhta (past singular third-person)
bringem (first-person plural present)
bringemēs (first-person plural present)
brungum (first-person past plural)
brungumēs (first-person past plural)
bringet (plural present second-person)
brungut (past plural second-person)
bringant (plural present third-person)
brungun (past plural third-person)
bringe (first-person present singular)
brungi (first-person past singular)
bringēs (present second-person singular)
bringēst (present second-person singular)
brungīs (past second-person singular)
brungīst (past second-person singular)
bringe (present singular third-person)
brungi (past singular third-person)
bringēm (first-person plural present)
brungīm (first-person past plural)
brungīmēs (first-person past plural)
bringēt (plural present second-person)
brungīt (past plural second-person)
bringēn (plural present third-person)
brungīn (past plural third-person)
bring (present singular)
bringet (plural present)
bringanti (present)
gibrungan (past)

Middle High German: bringen

Alemannic German: bringe

Cimbrian: prengen

Central Franconian: brenge

Hunsrik: bringe

Luxembourgish: bréngen

German: bringen

Rhine Franconian: brenge, bringe

Frankfurterisch: [pʀiŋg̥ə], (older) [pʀeŋə]

Pennsylvania German: bringe

Vilamovian: brengia

Yiddish: ברענגען (brengen)

From Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, whence also Old Saxon brengian, Old Dutch bringan, Old Frisian brenga, Old English bringan, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (briggan).


magad

Middle High German: maget, magt, mait

German: Magd, Maid

Luxembourgish: Mod

Yiddish: מויד (moyd), מאַד (mad)

From Proto-West Germanic *magaþ, from Proto-Germanic *magaþs, from Proto-Indo-European *magʰ(u)- (“young person”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍃 (magaþs) and Old English mæġeþ.


apful

apful (nominative singular)
apfuli (nominative plural)
apful (accusative singular)
apfuli (accusative plural)
apfules (genitive singular)
apfulo (genitive plural)
apfule (dative singular)
apfulim (dative plural)
apfulen (dative plural)
apfulu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel
Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil
Swabian: Ebfl
Bavarian: Åpfe
Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl
Mòcheno: epfl
Udinese: eipfele, epfl
Central Franconian: Appel
Hunsrik: Eppel
Luxembourgish: Apel
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel
Vilamovian: epuł
German: Apfel
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel
Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel
Yiddish: עפּל (epl)

From Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl. Compare Old Frisian appel, Old English æppel, Gothic *𐌰𐍀𐌻𐍃 (*apls).


tagon

after manegen tagon

Alternative form of tagum, dative plural of tag


affo

Middle High German: affe

Alemannic German: Aff

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Aff

German: Affe

Luxembourgish: Af

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Aff

Yiddish: אַפֿע (afe)

From Proto-West Germanic *apō, whence also Old English apa, Old Norse api.


gagan

desctree

Middle High German: gegen, gagen, jegen, gein, gēn
Alemannic German: gege
Cimbrian: ghéghen
German: gegen
Hunsrik: geghe
Yiddish: קעגן (kegn)

⇒ Middle High German: gein, gēn (contraction)

German: gen (literary, dated)

Yiddish: קיין (keyn)

⇒ Luxembourgish: géint (with paragogic -t)

From Proto-West Germanic *gagin, from Proto-Germanic *gagin, whence also Old English ġæġn, Old Norse gegn.


maht

maht (nominative singular)
mahti (nominative plural)
maht (accusative singular)
mahti (accusative plural)
mahti (genitive singular)
mahto (genitive plural)
mahti (dative singular)
mahtim (dative plural)
mahten (dative plural)

Middle High German: maht

German: Macht

Yiddish: מאַכט (makht)

From Proto-West Germanic *mahti.
Cognate with Old Saxon maht, Old English miht, Old Frisian macht, Old Norse máttr, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (mahts).


swarz

Middle High German: swarz

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: schwàrz

Swabian: schwardds

Bavarian: schwoarz

Cimbrian: sbartz

Mòcheno: schbòrz

Central Franconian: schwatz, zjwats

Hunsrik: schwarz

German: schwarz

Luxembourgish: schwaarz

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: schwoaz

Pennsylvania German: schwatz

Vilamovian: świöc

Yiddish: שוואַרץ (shvarts)

From Proto-West Germanic *swart, from Proto-Germanic *swartaz, whence also Old Saxon swart, Old English sweart (English sward, swart, swarth, swarthy), Old Norse svartr, Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 (swarts). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swordo- (“dirty, dark, black”).


ritan

rītan (canonical)
rītan (infinitive)
rītu (first-person present singular)
rīto (first-person present singular)
reit (first-person past singular)
rītis (present second-person singular)
rītist (present second-person singular)
riti (past second-person singular)
rītit (present singular third-person)
reit (past singular third-person)
rītem (first-person plural present)
rītemēs (first-person plural present)
ritum (first-person past plural)
ritumēs (first-person past plural)
rītet (plural present second-person)
ritut (past plural second-person)
rītant (plural present third-person)
ritun (past plural third-person)
rīte (first-person present singular)
riti (first-person past singular)
rītēs (present second-person singular)
rītēst (present second-person singular)
ritīs (past second-person singular)
ritīst (past second-person singular)
rīte (present singular third-person)
riti (past singular third-person)
rītēm (first-person plural present)
ritīm (first-person past plural)
ritīmēs (first-person past plural)
rītēt (plural present second-person)
ritīt (past plural second-person)
rītēn (plural present third-person)
ritīn (past plural third-person)
rīt (present singular)
rītet (plural present)
rītanti (present)
giritan (past)

German: reiten

From Proto-West Germanic *rīdan, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ-. Cognate with Old Saxon rīdan, Old Dutch rīdan, Old English rīdan, Old Norse ríða.


geban

geban (infinitive)
gibu (first-person present singular)
gibo (first-person present singular)
gab (first-person past singular)
gibis (present second-person singular)
gibist (present second-person singular)
gābi (past second-person singular)
gibit (present singular third-person)
gab (past singular third-person)
gebem (first-person plural present)
gebemēs (first-person plural present)
gābum (first-person past plural)
gābumēs (first-person past plural)
gebet (plural present second-person)
gābut (past plural second-person)
gebant (plural present third-person)
gābun (past plural third-person)
gebe (first-person present singular)
gābi (first-person past singular)
gebēs (present second-person singular)
gebēst (present second-person singular)
gābīs (past second-person singular)
gābīst (past second-person singular)
gebe (present singular third-person)
gābi (past singular third-person)
gebēm (first-person plural present)
gābīm (first-person past plural)
gābīmēs (first-person past plural)
gebēt (plural present second-person)
gābīt (past plural second-person)
gebēn (plural present third-person)
gābīn (past plural third-person)
gib (present singular)
gebet (plural present)
gebanti (present)
gigeban (past)

Middle High German: geben

Alemannic German: gë, gua, gää, gea

Bavarian: gebn

Cimbrian: gem, ghèban (Sette Comuni)

desc

Central Franconian: jevve, jenn, gewe, gewwe, genn

Hunsrik: gewe

Luxembourgish: ginn

East Franconian: geb, gebe, gewe

German: geben

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: gewwe

Vilamovian: gaon, gann

Yiddish: געבן (gebn)

From Proto-West Germanic *geban, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną, whence also Old Saxon and Old Dutch gevan, Old English ġiefan, Old Norse gefa, Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-.


sioh

desctree

Middle High German: siech
Alemannic German: siech
German: siech

From Proto-West Germanic *seuk. Cognate with Old English sēoc, Old Norse sjúkr.


semfti

desc

Middle High German: semfte, senfte, sanfte

Alemannic German: sanft

German: sanft

From Proto-West Germanic *samftī (compare Proto-Germanic *sōmiz (“agreeable, fitting”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sóm-tu-, possibly from *sem- (“one, whole”).


semfti

semftī (canonical feminine)
semftī (nominative singular)
semftī (accusative singular)
semftī (genitive singular)
semftī (dative singular)


siodan

siodan (infinitive)
siudu (first-person present singular)
siudo (first-person present singular)
sōd (first-person past singular)
siudis (present second-person singular)
siudist (present second-person singular)
sudi (past second-person singular)
siudit (present singular third-person)
sōd (past singular third-person)
siodem (first-person plural present)
siodemēs (first-person plural present)
sudum (first-person past plural)
sudumēs (first-person past plural)
siodet (plural present second-person)
sudut (past plural second-person)
siodant (plural present third-person)
sudun (past plural third-person)
siode (first-person present singular)
sudi (first-person past singular)
siodēs (present second-person singular)
siodēst (present second-person singular)
sudīs (past second-person singular)
sudīst (past second-person singular)
siode (present singular third-person)
sudi (past singular third-person)
siodēm (first-person plural present)
sudīm (first-person past plural)
sudīmēs (first-person past plural)
siodēt (plural present second-person)
sudīt (past plural second-person)
siodēn (plural present third-person)
sudīn (past plural third-person)
siud (present singular)
siodet (plural present)
siodanti (present)
gisodan (past)

Middle High German: sieden

German: sieden

From Proto-Germanic *seuþaną, whence also Old English sēoþan and Old Norse sjóða.


naht

Middle High German: naht

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: Nàcht

Swabian: Nachd

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: nacht

Mòcheno: nòcht

German: Nacht

Pennsylvania German: Nacht

Hunsrik: Nacht, naacht

Luxembourgish: Nuecht, Nuet

Vilamovian: nocht, naocht

Yiddish: נאַכט (nakht)

From Proto-West Germanic *naht, from Proto-Germanic *nahts.
Compare Old Saxon and Old Dutch naht, Old English niht, neaht, Old Frisian nacht, Old Norse nátt, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (nahts).


sciozzan

scioȥȥan (infinitive)
sciuȥȥu (first-person present singular)
sciuȥȥo (first-person present singular)
scôȥ (first-person past singular)
sciuȥȥis (present second-person singular)
sciuȥȥist (present second-person singular)
scuȥȥi (past second-person singular)
sciuȥȥit (present singular third-person)
scôȥ (past singular third-person)
scioȥȥem (first-person plural present)
scioȥȥemēs (first-person plural present)
scuȥȥum (first-person past plural)
scuȥȥumēs (first-person past plural)
scioȥȥet (plural present second-person)
scuȥȥut (past plural second-person)
scioȥȥant (plural present third-person)
scuȥȥun (past plural third-person)
scioȥȥe (first-person present singular)
scuȥȥi (first-person past singular)
scioȥȥēs (present second-person singular)
scioȥȥēst (present second-person singular)
scuȥȥīs (past second-person singular)
scuȥȥīst (past second-person singular)
scioȥȥe (present singular third-person)
scuȥȥi (past singular third-person)
scioȥȥēm (first-person plural present)
scuȥȥīm (first-person past plural)
scuȥȥīmēs (first-person past plural)
scioȥȥēt (plural present second-person)
scuȥȥīt (past plural second-person)
scioȥȥēn (plural present third-person)
scuȥȥīn (past plural third-person)
sciuȥ (present singular)
scioȥȥet (plural present)
scioȥȥanti (present)
giscoȥȥan (past)

Middle High German: schiezen

Alemannic German: schieße

Bavarian: schiaßn

desc

Central Franconian: schieße, scheeße (Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian)

German: schießen

Hunsrik: schiese

Luxembourgish: schéissen

Vilamovian: śisa

Yiddish: שיסן (shisn)

From Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną. Cognates include Old Saxon skiotan, Old English scēotan, Old Norse skjóta.


risan

rīsan (canonical)
rīsan (infinitive)
rīsu (first-person present singular)
rīso (first-person present singular)
reis (first-person past singular)
rīsis (present second-person singular)
rīsist (present second-person singular)
risi (past second-person singular)
rīsit (present singular third-person)
reis (past singular third-person)
rīsem (first-person plural present)
rīsemēs (first-person plural present)
risum (first-person past plural)
risumēs (first-person past plural)
rīset (plural present second-person)
risut (past plural second-person)
rīsant (plural present third-person)
risun (past plural third-person)
rīse (first-person present singular)
risi (first-person past singular)
rīsēs (present second-person singular)
rīsēst (present second-person singular)
risīs (past second-person singular)
risīst (past second-person singular)
rīse (present singular third-person)
risi (past singular third-person)
rīsēm (first-person plural present)
risīm (first-person past plural)
risīmēs (first-person past plural)
rīsēt (plural present second-person)
risīt (past plural second-person)
rīsēn (plural present third-person)
risīn (past plural third-person)
rīs (present singular)
rīset (plural present)
rīsanti (present)
girisan (past)

German (dialectal): reisen

From Proto-West Germanic *rīsan, see also Old Saxon rīsan, Old English rīsan, Old Norse rísa.


scur

scūr (canonical masculine)
scūr (nominative singular)
scūri (nominative plural)
scūr (accusative singular)
scūri (accusative plural)
scūres (genitive singular)
scūro (genitive plural)
scūre (dative singular)
scūrim (dative plural)
scūren (dative plural)
scūru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: schūre, schūr, schoure, schour

German: Schauer

From Proto-West Germanic *skūru, from Proto-Germanic *skūrō, whence also Old Saxon skūr, Old English scūr, Old Norse skúr.


scur

German: Scheuer, Pennsylvania German: Scheier


storh

German: Storch

From Proto-Germanic *sturkaz, whence also Old English storc, Old Norse storkr.


fagar

Middle High German: fager, vager

From Proto-West Germanic *fagr, from Proto-Germanic *fagraz.


slaf

Middle High German: slaf

German: schlaff

From Proto-Germanic *slap-, related to *slēpaną (“to sleep”), whence also Old Norse slappi.


slaf

slāf (canonical masculine)
slāf (nominative singular)
slāfa (nominative plural)
slāf (accusative singular)
slāfa (accusative plural)
slāfes (genitive singular)
slāfo (genitive plural)
slāfe (dative singular)
slāfum (dative plural)
slāfu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: slāf

Alemannic German: Schloof

German: Schlaf

Hunsrik: Schlof

Luxembourgish: Schlof

Pennsylvania German: Schlof

Vilamovian: śłöf

Yiddish: שלאָף (shlof)

From Proto-West Germanic *slāp, from Proto-Germanic *slēpaz, whence also Old Saxon slāp, Old English slǣp.


suozi

Middle High German: süeze

Alemannic German: süeß

Bavarian: siaß

Central Franconian: söß, seß, sieß

Luxembourgish: séiss

German: süß

Vilamovian: ziss

Yiddish: זיס (zis)

From Proto-West Germanic *swōtī. Cognate with Old Dutch suoti, Old Saxon swōti, Old English swēte, Old Norse sœtr.


suozi

suozī (canonical feminine)
suozī (nominative singular)
suozī (accusative singular)
suozī (genitive singular)
suozī (dative singular)

Middle High German: süeze

German: Süße


kuo

desctree

Middle High German: kuo, kū, kō, chuo
Alemannic German: Chue
Alsatian: Küeh
Walser: Chua
Bavarian: Kuah, Kouh (Northern Bavarian), Kua (spelling variant)
Cimbrian: khua
Mòcheno: kua
Central Franconian: Kuh, Koh
Hunsrik: Kuh
Luxembourgish: Kou
East Franconian: Kou, Kua, Kuu
German: Kuh
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Kuh
Vilamovian: kü
Yiddish: קו (ku)

From Proto-West Germanic *kō, from Proto-Germanic *kōz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.


segal

segal (nominative singular)
segala (nominative plural)
segal (accusative singular)
segala (accusative plural)
segales (genitive singular)
segalo (genitive plural)
segale (dative singular)
segalum (dative plural)
segalu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: sëgel

German: Segel

→ Luxembourgish: Seegel

→ Polish: żagiel

From Proto-West Germanic *segl, from Proto-Germanic *seglą, whence also Old English seġl, Old Norse segl.


singan

singan (infinitive)
singu (first-person present singular)
singo (first-person present singular)
sang (first-person past singular)
singis (present second-person singular)
singist (present second-person singular)
sungi (past second-person singular)
singit (present singular third-person)
sang (past singular third-person)
singem (first-person plural present)
singemēs (first-person plural present)
sungum (first-person past plural)
sungumēs (first-person past plural)
singet (plural present second-person)
sungut (past plural second-person)
singant (plural present third-person)
sungun (past plural third-person)
singe (first-person present singular)
sungi (first-person past singular)
singēs (present second-person singular)
singēst (present second-person singular)
sungīs (past second-person singular)
sungīst (past second-person singular)
singe (present singular third-person)
sungi (past singular third-person)
singēm (first-person plural present)
sungīm (first-person past plural)
sungīmēs (first-person past plural)
singēt (plural present second-person)
sungīt (past plural second-person)
singēn (plural present third-person)
sungīn (past plural third-person)
sing (present singular)
singet (plural present)
singanti (present)
gisungan (past)

desctree

Middle High German: singen
Alemannic German:
Swabian:
Sathmar Swabian: singe
Bavarian: singa
Cimbrian: singen
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: singe
German: singen
Luxembourgish: sangen
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: singe
Yiddish: זינגען (zingen)

From Proto-West Germanic *singwan, from Proto-Germanic *singwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷʰ-.


guot

Middle High German: guot

Alemannic German: guet

Alsatian: güet (north), güat (south)

Swabian: guat

Bavarian: guad, guat

Cimbrian: guut, guat (Luserna)

Mòcheno: guat

Central Franconian: jot, got, gut

Hunsrik: gud

Kölsch: joot

Luxembourgish: gutt

Transylvanian Saxon: geat, gäd

East Central German:

desc

Silesian East Central German: gutt (inflected gud-)

⇒ Silesian East Central German: Gudes (as in nischt Gudes, viel Gudes)

Upper Saxon German: gudd

Vilamovian: güt

German: gut

Yiddish: גוט (gut)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-.
Compare Old Dutch guot, Old Saxon, Old Frisian, and Old English gōd, Old Norse góðr, Gothic 𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃 (gōþs).


swert

swërt (canonical neuter)
swert (nominative singular)
swert (nominative plural)
swert (accusative singular)
swert (accusative plural)
swertes (genitive singular)
swerto (genitive plural)
swerte (dative singular)
swertum (dative plural)
swertu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: swert

German: Schwert

Yiddish: שווערד (shverd)

From Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą, whence also Old Saxon swerd, Old Dutch swert, Old English sweord, swyrd, Old Frisian swerd and Old Norse sverð. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to fester, to cut”).


niuwi

desctree

Middle High German: niuwe, neu, new, newe, niu, niwe, nue, nuge, nuwe, nüewe, núwe, nůw, nůwe
Alemannic German: nüüw, nöi, nüü
Alsatian: nèi
Swabian: nei
Walser: niw, niww, nu
Bavarian: nei, neich
Cimbrian: nòjar, nauk, naüge
Gottscheerish: nai
Hianzisch: neich
Mòcheno: nai
Udinese: naie, naje, noi
Central Franconian: nei, neu
Hunsrik: nei
Kölsch: neu
Transylvanian Saxon: na
East Central German:
Silesian East Central German: neu
Upper Saxon German: nei
Erzgebirgisch: nei
East Franconian: nei, neu
German: neu
Luxembourgish: nei
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: nei, neu
Palatine German: nau, nei, neu
Pennsylvania German: nei
Vilamovian: noj
Yiddish: נײַ (nay)
Zipser German: nai, neu

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *niwi, from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz.


niuwi

niuwī (canonical feminine)
niuwī (nominative singular)
niuwī (accusative singular)
niuwī (genitive singular)
niuwī (dative singular)

desctree

Middle High German: niuwe, niwe, nuwe
Alemannic German: Nüwi, Nöüi
German: Neue (obsolete)


nabalo

Middle High German: nabele, nabel

German: Nabel

Hunsrik: Nawel

Luxembourgish: Nuebel

Vilamovian: nowuł

Yiddish: נאָפּל (nopl)


zam

Middle High German: zam

Alemannic German: zam

German: zahm

Hunsrik: zaam

Luxembourgish: zam

From Proto-West Germanic *tam, see also Old English tam, Old Norse tamr.


houf

From Proto-West Germanic *haup, from Proto-Germanic *haupaz, whence also Old English hēap, Old Saxon hōp. Compare Old Norse hópr.


erda

ërda (canonical feminine)
ërda (nominative singular)
ërdā (nominative plural)
ërda (accusative singular)
ërdā (accusative plural)
ërda (genitive singular)
ërdōno (genitive plural)
ërdu (dative singular)
ërdōm (dative plural)

Middle High German: ērde

Alemannic German: Ëërde

Bavarian: Erd, Erdn

Cimbrian: èerda

desc

Central Franconian: Ääd, Erd (Moselle Franconian), Äerd

Hunsrik: Äerd

Kölsch: Äd

German: Erde

Luxembourgish: Äerd

Rhine Franconian: Erd

Pennsylvania German: Erd, Aerd, Eaht

Vilamovian: aod

Yiddish: ערד (erd)

From Proto-West Germanic *erþu, whence also Old Saxon and Old Dutch ertha, Old Frisian erthe, Old English eorþe, Old Norse jǫrð, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 (airþa).


tapfar

From Proto-Germanic *dapraz, whence also Old Norse dapr.


tunkal

German: dunkel

Yiddish: טונקל (tunkl)

From Proto-Germanic *dunkwaz, *dunkalaz, *dunkaraz (“dark”), whence also Old Norse dökkr and Dutch donker.


frisc

Middle High German: vrisch

German: frisch

Yiddish: פֿריש (frish)

From Proto-West Germanic *frisk, whence also Old English fersc, Old Frisian fersk, and outside of West Germanic, Old Norse ferskr.


arbeo

Middle High German: erbe

German: Erbe


erbi

Middle High German: erbe

German: Erbe

Luxembourgish: Ierwen

From Proto-Germanic *arbiją, whence also Old English ierfe, Old Norse arfr.


wara

Middle High German: war

German: *Wahr (wahrnehmen, verwahrlosen)

From Proto-West Germanic *war, from Proto-Germanic *warō (“attention”), whence also Old English wær.


wara

From Proto-Germanic *wērō (“truth”), whence also Old English wær.


nuz

Middle High German: nuz

Alemannic German: Nuss

German: Nuss

Hunsrik: Nuss

Luxembourgish: Noss

Pennsylvania German: Nuss

Yiddish: נוס (nus)

From Proto-West Germanic *hnut, from Proto-Germanic *hnuts, whence also Old English hnutu, Old Norse hnot. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *knew-.


nuz

Middle High German:

German: Nutzen

Yiddish: נוץ (nuts)

From Proto-West Germanic *nutu, from Proto-Germanic *nutō, cognate to Old English notu. Related to the verb niozan.


mulinari

desctree

Middle High German: mülnære, mülner, müller
Alemannic German: Müllner
Swabian: Millr
German: Müller
Central Franconian: Müller
Hunsrik: Miller
Luxembourgish: Mëller
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Miller
Vilamovian: myłner
Yiddish: מילער (miler), מילנער (milner)

→ Proto-Slavic: *mъlinařь

Belarusian: млына́р (mlynár)

Ukrainian: млина́р (mlynár)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мли̏на̄р

Latin script: mlȉnār

Slovene: mlinar

Czech: mlynář

Polish: młynarz

Slovak: mlynár

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnārī, from Late Latin molīnārius; equivalent to mulīn + -āri.


holz

holz (nominative singular)
holz (nominative plural)
holz (accusative singular)
holz (accusative plural)
holzes (genitive singular)
holzo (genitive plural)
holze (dative singular)
holzum (dative plural)
holzu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: holz

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hòltz

Mòcheno: holz

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Hols

Luxembourgish: Holz

German: Holz

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: hold̥s

Pennsylvania German: Hols

Vilamovian: hułc

Yiddish: האָלץ (holts)

From Proto-West Germanic *holt, from Proto-Germanic *hultą, from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H-do-, from *kelH- (“to cut”). Germanic cognates include Old English holt, Old Norse holt.


alamuosa

Middle High German: almuosen (influenced by Middle Low German)

Cimbrian: almozen

German: Almosen

→ Czech: almužna
→ Polish: jałmużna

From Proto-West Germanic *alemōsinā, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *alemosyna, from Late Latin eleemosyna, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐλεημοσύνη (eleēmosúnē, “pity”).


asca

Middle High German: asche

Alemannic German: Äsche

Cimbrian: èssa

German: Asche

Luxembourgish: Äsch

Vilamovian: oś

Yiddish: אַש (ash)

From Proto-West Germanic *askā, whence also Old Saxon aska, Old English æsce, Old Norse aska.


egidehsa

Middle High German: egedëhse, eidëhse

Alemannic German: Heidëchsli

Bavarian: Adachsl, Eidachsl

German: Eidechse, Echse

→ Luxembourgish: Eidechs

Luxembourgish: Eederes (dated)

Vilamovian: edikjys

Yiddish: עקדיש (ekdish, “scorpion”)


arawiz

desc

Middle High German: erweiz, erbeiz, arwīs, arwīz, areweiz

Bavarian: Arbaiß

Cimbrian: érbasa

Central Franconian: Ääz, Eerz (Ripuarian), Arwes, Erwes, Erbes, Erres (Moselle Franconian)

Luxembourgish: Ierbes

German: Erbse

Yiddish: אַרבעס (arbes)

From Proto-West Germanic *arwīt, whence also Old Saxon eriwit, Old Norse ertr and Dutch erwt. Possibly related to Latin ervum and Ancient Greek ὄροβος (órobos).


ambaht

Middle High German: ambahte, ambehte, ambet, ammet, ampt, amt

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: åmt

Mòcheno: omt

German: Amt, Ambt, Ammt, Ampt (obsolete)

Kölsch: Amp

Vilamovian: amt, aomt

→ Middle Dutch: ampt, amt

Dutch: ambt
Afrikaans: amp

Limburgish: amb

From Proto-Germanic *ambahtiją (“service, office”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz (“servant”), from Gaulish ambaxtos (“servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“around”) + *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”). More at umbe, agent.


ewa

Middle High German: ēwe, ē

Alemannic German: Ee, E-e

German: (Ehe)

From Proto-West Germanic *aiw, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, akin to Old English ǣ.


fenstar

desctree

Middle High German: venster n or f, fenster
Alemannic German: Pfeister, Pfäischter, Feister, Fäischter, Pfenster
Swabian: Fenschdr, Feaschter
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: béestar
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Fenster
Luxembourgish: Fënster
East Central German:
Erzgebirgisch: Fansder
Upper Saxon German: Fensdor
Vilamovian: faonster
East Franconian:
German: Fenster
→ English: fenster
→ North Frisian: Fenster
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurterisch: [fenz̥d̥æ̆]
Palatine German: Fenschder
Pennsylvania German: Fenschder
Yiddish: פֿענצטער (fentster)


eihhorno

Middle High German: eichurne

Alemannic German: Eichhore, Eichhörnli

German: Eichhorn

⇒ German: Eichhörnchen

⇒ Hunsrik: Eichhernche

From Proto-West Germanic *aikwernō, from Proto-Germanic *aikwernô, whence also Old Saxon ēkhorn, Old English ācweorna, Old Norse íkorni.


pfluma

Middle High German: pflūme, pfrūme
Alemannic German: Fluume
Cimbrian: frauma
German: Pflaume
Hunsrik: Flaum
Vilamovian: fłaojm
Yiddish: פֿלוים (floym)


ebur

ebur (nominative singular)
ebura (nominative plural)
ebur (accusative singular)
ebura (accusative plural)
ebures (genitive singular)
eburo (genitive plural)
ebure (dative singular)
eburum (dative plural)
eburu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: ëber

German: Eber

Hunsrik: Ewert

From Proto-West Germanic *ebur. Cognates include Old English eofor, Old Norse jǫfurr.


gerno

Middle High German: gerne

Bavarian: gean

Cimbrian: gearn

desc

Central Franconian: jään, jär, gär(e), geare

Luxembourgish: gär, gären

German: gern, gerne

From Proto-West Germanic *gernō, from Proto-Germanic *gernô. Equivalent to gern + -o.


bist

second-person singular present indicative of wesan


glanz

Middle High German: glanz (“bright; brightness”)

→ Danish: glans

desctree

German: Glanz
→ Danish: glans
→ Dutch: glans
→ Norwegian Bokmål: glans
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: glans
→ Polish: glans, → glanc
→ Swedish: glans

→ Swedish: glans

From Proto-West Germanic *glant, from Proto-Germanic *glantaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlond-o-, ultimately from the root *gʰlend-.


hoh

Middle High German: hōch, hō

Alemannic German: hooch

Walser: hoch, hòch

Swabian: hauch

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hoach, hòach (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: heach

Northern Bavarian: [hɔːu̯ɣ̊], (comparative) [ˈhɛi̯xɐ], (superlative) [ˈhɛi̯kst]

desc

Central Franconian: huh, hiech, hieh (western Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: hogh

Luxembourgish: héich, héi

German: hoch

Rhine Franconian: houch, hauch, hoch, hok, houk, huch, huk

Frankfurterisch: [hoːx], (comparative) [heːʒ̥æ̆], (superlative) [he(ː)kst]

Pennsylvania German: hooch

Vilamovian: huch

Yiddish: הויך (hoykh)

From Proto-West Germanic *hauh, from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz (compare Old Dutch hōh, Old English hēah, Old Dutch hōh, Old Norse hár), from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-, a suffixed form of *kew-. The Indo-European root is also the source of Sanskrit कुच (kuca, “female breast”), Lithuanian kaukas, Russian куча (kuča).
For more Germanic cognates, see Proto-Germanic *hauhaz.


habuch

German: Habicht

From Proto-West Germanic *habuk. Cognate with Old Saxon haƀuk, Old English hafoc, Old Norse haukr.


ginada

gināda (canonical feminine)
gināda (nominative singular)
ginādā (nominative plural)
gināda (accusative singular)
ginādā (accusative plural)
gināda (genitive singular)
ginādōno (genitive plural)
ginādu (dative singular)
ginādōm (dative plural)

Middle High German: gnāde, genāde

Alemannic German: Genad, Gnad

German: Gnade

Luxembourgish: Gnod

Rhine Franconian: Gnad, Gnod

From Proto-West Germanic *ganēþu, from Proto-Germanic *nēþō-, from Proto-Indo-European *net- (“to favor, protect”). Akin to Old Norse náð and Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (niþan, “to help”).


hullan

From Proto-West Germanic *hulljan, whence also Old English hyllan, Old Norse hylja.


houg

From Proto-West Germanic *haug, akin to the adjective hōh.


hevanna

German: Hebamme


hagzissa

desc

Middle High German: hecse, hesse, hexse, hegxse, hexe

German: Hexe

desctree

→ Dutch: heks
Afrikaans: heks
→ Papiamentu: hèks

→ Polish: heksa

Luxembourgish: Hex

From Proto-West Germanic *hagatussjā. Cognate with Old English hægtesse.


hevo

Middle High German: heve, hefe; hebe, hefe; hepfen

Bavarian: Hefn, Hepfa, Hepfn

Alemannic German: Hebi

German: Hefe

Hunsrik: Heb

Luxembourgish: Hief

Yiddish: הייוון (heyvn)

From Proto-West Germanic *habbjō. Compare Old English hæf.


uwila

desc

Middle High German: iuwele, iuwel, iule, ūle

Alemannic German: Üle

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: aul

Central Franconian: Eil

Hunsrik: Eil

Luxembourgish: Eil

Ripuarian: Üül

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: aojł

East Franconian:

German: Eule

Rhine Franconian: Eil, Il

Frankfurterisch: [ail], (newer) [oil]

Pennsylvania German: Eil

From Proto-West Germanic *uwwilā, from Proto-Germanic *uwwalǭ, whence also Old English ūle, Old Norse ugla.


hutta

Middle High German: hütte

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hütt, hütta (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: hitt

German: Hütte

Vilamovian: hytt

→ Danish: hytte

→ Dutch: hut

→ Old French: hutte, hute

Middle French: hutte

French: hutte

→ Middle English: *hutte, hotte

English: hut

→ Saterland Frisian: Hutte

→ West Frisian: hutte

→ Swedish: hytta

From Proto-Germanic *hudjǭ (“hut, shelter”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).


chevia

German: Käfig


taht

Middle High German: tāht

Alemannic German: Taache

German: Docht

Vilamovian: töcht, töht

From Proto-Germanic *þanhtu-, from Proto-Indo-European *tonk-tu-. According to Pokorny, this is related to *tek- (“to weave, to plait”), see also Latin texō (“to weave”), Old High German dūhen (“to press”). Cognate to Old Norse þáttr.


wantlus

Middle High German: wantlūs

Alemannic German: Wäntele

Cimbrian: bantzala

German: Wanze

Yiddish: וואַנץ (vants)


kihhira

Middle High German: kicher

German: Kicher


kirsa

desctree

Middle High German: kirse, kërse
Alemannic German: Chirsi, Chirschi
Bavarian: Kiaschn
Cimbrian: khèrsch, khèersa (Sette Comuni)
Kölsch: Körsche
German: Kirsche, Kersche (archaic or dialectal)
→ Estonian: kirss
Luxembourgish: Kiischt, Kiisch
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Kesch
Pennsylvania German: Kasch
Vilamovian: kjyś
Yiddish: קאַרש (karsh)


chasi

Middle High German: kæse

Alemannic German: Chääs, Chees, Chèès

Alsatian: Käs

Swabian: Kääs

Walser: cheisch, chesch, chiesch, chääs, chìŝch

Bavarian: Kas, Kaas

Cimbrian: kese, khes, khéeze

Mòcheno: kas

Udinese: ckaas, kase, khase

East Franconian: Kaas, Kees

German: Käse

Hunsrik: Kees

Kölsch: Kies

Luxembourgish: Kéis

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Käs

Palatine German: Kees

Pennsylvania German: Kaes

Vilamovian: kȳz

Yiddish: קעז (kez)


zwibollo

Middle High German: zwibolle, zibolle

Central Franconian: Zwiewel

Hunsrik: Zwiwel

Transylvanian Saxon: Zpibel

German: Zwiebel

Luxembourgish: Zwiwwel

Vilamovian: cwypuł

Yiddish: ציבעלע (tsibele)

From Proto-West Germanic *cibollā, altered by a folk-etymological reinterpretation as zwi- (“double”) (Proto-Germanic *twi-) + bolla (“bulb, tuber”) (Proto-Germanic *bullǭ (“round object, ball”).


kirihha

Middle High German: kirche

desc

Alemannic German: Chilche, Chilä, Chile, Chille

Alsatian: Kirich, Kerich

Swabian: Kirch, Kircha

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: khirch, khércha (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: kirch

Central Franconian: Kirch, Kerch

Eifel: Körch

Hunsrik: Kerrich

Luxembourgish: Kierch

East Central German: Kürche, Küeche

Upper Saxon German: Kersche

East Franconian: Kerch

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Kärsch

desctree

German: Kirche
→ Russian: ки́рха (kírxa), ки́рка (kírka)
→ Ukrainian: кі́рха (kírxa)

Yiddish: קירך (kirkh)

→ Proto-Slavic: *cьrky (see there for further descendants)

From late Proto-West Germanic *kirikā (whence also Old Dutch and Old Saxon kirika, Old English ċiriċe), from Koine Greek κυριακὸν δῶμα (kuriakòn dôma, “Lord's house”), from Ancient Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).

der

κυριακὸν δῶμα


keisar

keisar (nominative singular)
keisara (nominative plural)
keisar (accusative singular)
keisara (accusative plural)
keisares (genitive singular)
keisaro (genitive plural)
keisare (dative singular)
keisarum (dative plural)
keisaru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: keiser

desctree

German: Kaiser, Kayser, Käiser, Käyser, Keiser, Keyser (obsolete)
→ Russian: ка́йзер (kájzer, kájzɛr)
→ Upper Sorbian: kejžor

Luxembourgish: Keeser

Yiddish: קייסער (keyser)

→ Middle English: kayser, caisare, caiser, caisoure, cayser, caysere, kaiser, kaisere, keiser
⇒ English: Kaiser, kaiser
→ Scots: Kaiser


wis

Middle High German: wīse

German: weise

⇒ Old High German: wīsi

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs and Old Norse víss.


spisa

German: Speise


giri

Middle High German: gir

German: Gier

From Proto-West Germanic *girī, from Proto-Germanic *girį̄. Akin to the adverb gerno.


hulla

Middle High German: hülle

German: Hülle


gir

gīr (canonical masculine)
gīr (nominative singular)
gīra (nominative plural)
gīr (accusative singular)
gīra (accusative plural)
gīres (genitive singular)
gīro (genitive plural)
gīre (dative singular)
gīrum (dative plural)
gīru (instrumental singular)
gīr (nominative singular)
gīri (nominative plural)
gīr (accusative singular)
gīri (accusative plural)
gīres (genitive singular)
gīro (genitive plural)
gīre (dative singular)
gīrim (dative plural)
gīren (dative plural)
gīru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: gīr

Alemannic German: Giir

German: Geier

Luxembourgish: Geier


fraga

Middle High German: vrāge

Bavarian: Fråg

German: Frage
→ Yiddish: פֿראַגע (frage)

Hunsrik: Froh

Luxembourgish: Fro

Vilamovian: frög

From Proto-West Germanic *frāgu, from Proto-Germanic *frēgō. Related to Old English fræġn.


hona

German: Hohn

From Proto-Germanic *haunijō, *hauniz, whence also the Old English adjective hēan.


ast

Middle High German: ast

Cimbrian: ast

German: Ast

Luxembourgish: Aascht


mittawehha

desc

Middle High German: mittewoche, mitwoche

Alemannic German: Mittwuch

Alsatian: Mettwuch

Italian Walser: mittwuchu, méttwòchò, mittuchu, mettwucchu, méttwucha

Bavarian: Midwoch

Central Franconian: Mettwoch, Medvoch

East Franconian: Middwoch

German: Mittwoch

Luxembourgish: Mëttwoch

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Mittwoch

Vilamovian: mejtwaoch

Calque of Ecclesiastical Latin media hebdomas (“middle of the week”). Equivalent to mitti + wehha. Presumably replaced earlier *wuotanestag (literally “Wuotan's day”), from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag.


mezzisahs

Middle High German: messer, mezzer

Bavarian: Messa

Cimbrian: mèssar, mezzar (Luserna)

Mòcheno: messer

German: Messer

Yiddish: מעסער (meser)

From Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”). Equivalent to maz + sahs.
The compound was obscured at an early time, within the Old High German period, which suggests frequent use.
The original mezzisahs is first reduced to mazsahs.
The form containing -r- then appears still in the Old High German period, as mezzirahs which via mezzarehs, mezziras, mezzeres becomes mezzer.
Middle High German has mezzer virtually exclusively; but compare a 12th-century Rhenish mezsehs, whence r-less forms in contemporary Central Franconian (see Metz, Mäß).


pflanza

Middle High German: pflanze

German: Pflanze


pfil

German: Pfeil

Hunsrik: Peil

Yiddish: פֿײַל (fayl)

From Latin pīlum (“javelin, throwing spear”).


pfal

Middle High German: phāl, pfāl

German: Pfahl

Luxembourgish: Poul

Vilamovian: föł


pfost

Middle High German: pfoste, pfost

German: Pfosten


pfruma

Possibly from pflūma, with r retaken from Latin prūnum.


pflastar

Middle High German: pflaster

German: Pflaster
→ Polish: plaster


pfeffar

Middle High German: pfeffer

Cimbrian: fèffar

German: Pfeffer

Hunsrik: Peffer

Luxembourgish: Peffer

Pennsylvania German: Peffer

Yiddish: פֿעפֿער (fefer)


sambaztag

sambaztag (nominative singular)
sambaztaga (nominative plural)
sambaztag (accusative singular)
sambaztaga (accusative plural)
sambaztages (genitive singular)
sambaztago (genitive plural)
sambaztage (dative singular)
sambaztagum (dative plural)
sambaztagu (instrumental singular)

desc

Middle High German: sameztac, sambeztac, samestdac, sambesttac, sampzdac, samtzdac, samzdac

Alemannic German:

Swabian: Samschtig, Samschdich, Samschdig

Italian Walser: samstag, ŝchamschtog, ŝchàmstàg

Bavarian:

Bavaria: Samsda

Carinthian: Somstog

Cimbrian: såntzta, samtak, zaastag

Mòcheno: sònsta

Styrian: Saumstog

Udinese: sònstach, sonstach, sonsti

Kölsch: Samsdach

German: Samstag

Luxembourgish: Samschdeg

Pennsylvania German: Samschdaag

→ Middle Dutch: samsdach, sampsdach

Dutch: samsdag

From Gothic *𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (*sambatō), an alteration (possibly dialectal, via Byzantine Greek *σάμβατον (*sámbaton, “Sabbath”)) of earlier, biblical 𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (sabbatō), from Koine Greek σάββατον (sábbaton), from Hebrew שבת (shabát), possibly from Akkadian 𒊭𒉺𒀜𒌈 (šapattum, “the middle day of the month”). Equivalent to sambaz + tag.


pfawo

Middle High German: pfāwe, pfā

German: Pfau m, (chiefly Austria) Pfaue f

⇒ German: Pfauhahn f

desc

⇒ Middle High German: *pfāwelīn, *pfāuwelīn (diminutive)

German: Pfäulein (archaic)

→ Estonian: paabulind

→ Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: паўлі́н (paŭlín)

Russian: павли́н (pavlín)

Rhine Franconian: Fau, Pau

Frankfurterisch: IPA [fau]

Yiddish: פּאַווע (pave)


pforta

Middle High German: pforte, pforze

German: Pforte

→ Old Polish: forta

Polish: furta

→ Old Ruthenian: форта (forta)

⇒ Belarusian: фортка (fórtka)

⇒ Ukrainian: хвіртка (xvirtka)


phanna

Middle High German: pfanne

Alemannic German: Pfane

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: fanna, fånn (Luserna)

Mòcheno: pfònn

German: Pfanne

Yiddish: פֿאַן (fan)

From Proto-West Germanic *pannā. See German Pfanne.


pfilari

pfīlāri (canonical masculine)
pfīlāri (nominative singular)
pfīlāra (nominative plural)
pfīlāri (accusative singular)
pfīlāra (accusative plural)
pfīlāres (genitive singular)
pfīlāro (genitive plural)
pfīlāre (dative singular)
pfīlārim (dative plural)
pfīlāru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: pfīlære, pfīler

German: Pfeiler


mitti

From Proto-Germanic *midjaz, whence also Old Saxon middi, Old English midd, Old Norse miðr, Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌹𐍃 (midjis). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *medʰyo-.


mitti

Middle High German: mitte

German: Mitte

Yiddish: מיט (mit)

From Proto-Germanic *midją, whence also Old Norse mið.


pfarifrit

Middle High German: phërt, pfërt, pfërit, pfaerît n

Central Franconian: Pääd, Perd (chiefly Moselle Franconian), Päärd (Siegerland Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: Peerd, Peer, Pied

Luxembourgish: Päerd

Transylvanian Saxon: Faard

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: [ˈpfaːɰ]

Silesian East Central German: Faard

Vilamovian: faod

German: Pferd

Rhine Franconian: Pääd, Päär, Per, Perd

Frankfurterisch: [fæː(ɐ̯)t]

Yiddish: פֿערד (ferd)


pfunt

Middle High German: pfunt

German: Pfund

Yiddish: פֿונט (funt)


Fria

Akin to Old Norse Frigg; compare also Friia.


donaristag

donaristag (nominative singular)
donaristaga (nominative plural)
donaristag (accusative singular)
donaristaga (accusative plural)
donaristages (genitive singular)
donaristago (genitive plural)
donaristage (dative singular)
donaristagum (dative plural)
donaristagu (instrumental singular)

German: Donnerstag

Compound of the genitive form of the name of the god of thunder, Donar, and tag, from Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag (“day of the thunder god”), a calque of Latin dies Iovis.


fira

desctree

Middle High German: vīre, virre, vīere, vīer, fīre, firre, fīere, fīer
German: Feier
Hunsrik: Feier
Luxembourgish: Feier


niozan

nioȥan (canonical)
nioȥan (infinitive)
niuȥu (first-person present singular)
niuȥo (first-person present singular)
nōȥ (first-person past singular)
niuȥis (present second-person singular)
niuȥist (present second-person singular)
nuȥȥi (past second-person singular)
niuȥit (present singular third-person)
nōȥ (past singular third-person)
nioȥem (first-person plural present)
nioȥemēs (first-person plural present)
nuȥȥum (first-person past plural)
nuȥȥumēs (first-person past plural)
nioȥet (plural present second-person)
nuȥȥut (past plural second-person)
nioȥant (plural present third-person)
nuȥȥun (past plural third-person)
nioȥe (first-person present singular)
nuȥȥi (first-person past singular)
nioȥēs (present second-person singular)
nioȥēst (present second-person singular)
nuȥȥīs (past second-person singular)
nuȥȥīst (past second-person singular)
nioȥe (present singular third-person)
nuȥȥi (past singular third-person)
nioȥēm (first-person plural present)
nuȥȥīm (first-person past plural)
nuȥȥīmēs (first-person past plural)
nioȥēt (plural present second-person)
nuȥȥīt (past plural second-person)
nioȥēn (plural present third-person)
nuȥȥīn (past plural third-person)
niuȥ (present singular)
nioȥet (plural present)
nioȥanti (present)
ginoȥȥan (past)

Middle High German: niezen

German: nießen

From Proto-West Germanic *neutan, akin to Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (niutan, “to catch, to reach”), Old Norse njóta, Old English nēotan.


fust

fūst (canonical feminine)
fūst (nominative singular)
fūsti (nominative plural)
fūst (accusative singular)
fūsti (accusative plural)
fūsti (genitive singular)
fūsto (genitive plural)
fūsti (dative singular)
fūstim (dative plural)
fūsten (dative plural)

Middle High German: fūst, vūst, voust

Alemannic German: Fuuscht, Pfuuscht

Bavarian: Faust

Cimbrian: vòista, bòista (Mezzaselva)

Central Franconian: Fuus, Faust

Hunsrik: Faust

Luxembourgish: Fauscht

German: Faust

Yiddish: פֿויסט (foyst)


tuoch

Middle High German: tuoch

German: Tuch

From Proto-West Germanic *dōk. Akin to Old Norse dúkr.


quecsilbar

German: Quecksilber

quec + silbar, calque of Latin argentum vivum


twerc

Middle High German: twerc

German: Zwerg

From Proto-West Germanic *dwerg, from Proto-Germanic *dwergaz, whence also Old English dweorg, Old Norse dvergr.


ratih

desc

Middle High German: rætich, retich; rædich, redich

Alemannic German: Räätrich

Central Franconian: Rädich, Reddich, Redich, Riedich

German: Rettich

Yiddish: רעטעך (retekh)


quec

German: keck

From Proto-West Germanic *kwiku, see also Old English cwic, Old Norse kvikr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).


mila

Middle High German: mīle, mīl

German: Meile

Luxembourgish: Meil

Yiddish: מײַל (mayl)


questa

German: Quaste


skiluf

Middle High German: schilf

German: Schilf


essa

Middle High German: esse

Alemannic German: Ess

German: Esse

From Proto-Germanic *asjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-.


gouh

gouh (nominative singular)
gouha (nominative plural)
gouh (accusative singular)
gouha (accusative plural)
gouhes (genitive singular)
gouho (genitive plural)
gouhe (dative singular)
gouhum (dative plural)
gouhu (instrumental singular)

German: Gauch

Common Germanic, akin to Old English ġēac, Old Norse gaukr, from Proto-West Germanic *gauk.


meinen

meinen (infinitive)
meinu (first-person present singular)
meinita (first-person past singular)
meinis (present second-person singular)
meinist (present second-person singular)
meinitōs (past second-person singular)
meintōst (past second-person singular)
meinit (present singular third-person)
meinita (past singular third-person)
meinem (first-person plural present)
meinemēs (first-person plural present)
meinitum (first-person past plural)
meinitumēs (first-person past plural)
meinet (plural present second-person)
meinitut (past plural second-person)
meinent (plural present third-person)
meinitun (past plural third-person)
meine (first-person present singular)
meiniti (first-person past singular)
meinēs (present second-person singular)
meinēst (present second-person singular)
meinitīs (past second-person singular)
meinitīst (past second-person singular)
meine (present singular third-person)
meiniti (past singular third-person)
meinēm (first-person plural present)
meinēn (first-person plural present)
meinitīm (first-person past plural)
meinitīn (first-person past plural)
meinitīmēs (first-person past plural)
meinēt (plural present second-person)
meinitīt (past plural second-person)
meinēn (plural present third-person)
meinitīn (past plural third-person)
meini (present singular)
meinet (plural present)
meinenti (present)
gimeinit (past)


lina

German: Leine

Central Franconian: Leng, Lein

a line, a yarn (originally made of flax)


lernen

lernēn (canonical)
lernēn (infinitive)
lernēm (first-person present singular)
lernēn (first-person present singular)
lernēta (first-person past singular)
lernēs (present second-person singular)
lernēst (present second-person singular)
lernētōs (past second-person singular)
lernētōst (past second-person singular)
lernēt (present singular third-person)
lernēta (past singular third-person)
lernēm (first-person plural present)
lernēmēs (first-person plural present)
lernētum (first-person past plural)
lernētumēs (first-person past plural)
lernēt (plural present second-person)
lernētut (past plural second-person)
lernēnt (plural present third-person)
lernētun (past plural third-person)
lerne (first-person present singular)
lernēti (first-person past singular)
lernētīs (past second-person singular)
lernētīst (past second-person singular)
lerne (present singular third-person)
lernēti (past singular third-person)
lernētīm (first-person past plural)
lernētīmēs (first-person past plural)
lernētīt (past plural second-person)
lernēn (plural present third-person)
lernētīn (past plural third-person)
lerne (present singular)
lernēt (plural present)
lernēnti (present)
gilernēt (past)

Middle High German: lernen

Alemannic German: lërne, leernen, lérne

Bavarian: learnan, learna, learn (Sappada, Sauris)

Cimbrian: liirnan, lirnan, lirnen

Mòcheno: learnen

German: lernen

Yiddish: לערנען (lernen)

From Proto-West Germanic *liʀnēn, akin to Old Dutch lernon, Old Frisian lernia, Old English leornian.


senef

Middle High German: senf

German: Senf

→ Macedonian: сенф (senf)

→ Serbo-Croatian: sȅnf

Yiddish: זענעפֿט (zeneft)


streno

Middle High German: strene

German: Strähne


riomo

German: Riemen


riemo

Middle High German: rieme

German: Riemen


zogo

Middle High German: zoge, zog

German: Zog

From Proto-West Germanic *togō, from Proto-Germanic *tugô, whence also Old English toġa.


hopfo

desctree

Middle High German: hopfe
German: Hopfen

From Proto-Germanic *huppô (“hops”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keup (“tuft, hair of the head”), referring to the plant's appearance. See also Old Saxon hoppo, Old High German hopfo, Middle English hoppe.


krapho

Middle High German: krapfe

Alemannic German: Chrapfe

German: Krapfe, Krapfen

→ Italian: graffa

From Proto-West Germanic *krappō. Compare Old Saxon krappo.


struz

strūz (canonical masculine)
strūz (nominative singular)
strūza (nominative plural)
strūz (accusative singular)
strūza (accusative plural)
strūzes (genitive singular)
strūzo (genitive plural)
strūze (dative singular)
strūzum (dative plural)
strūzu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: strūze, strūz, strouz

German: Strauß

Hunsrik: Straus

Luxembourgish: Strauss

Yiddish: שטרויס (shtroys)

→ Czech: pštros

→ Slovak: pštros

Borrowed from Italian struzzo, or Latin struthio, from Ancient Greek στρουθίων (strouthíōn).


herizogo

Middle High German: herzoge, herzog

desctree

German: Herzog, Hertzog (obsolete)
→ Albanian: hercog
→ Bulgarian: херцо́г (hercóg)
→ Saterland Frisian: Härtsoch
→ Georgian: ჰერცოგი (hercogi)
→ Hungarian: herceg
→ Latgalian: gercogs
→ Latvian: hercogs
→ Lithuanian: hercogas
→ Luxembourgish: Herzog
→ Ottoman Turkish: هرسك (hersek)
Turkish: Hersek
→ Armenian: Հէրսէք (Hērsēkʻ)
→ Russian: ге́рцог (gércog)
→ Azerbaijani: hersoq
→ Uzbek: gersog
→ Translingual: Herzogiella
→ Ukrainian: ге́рцог (hércoh)
→ Saterland Frisian: Härtsoch
→ Serbo-Croatian: Херцег

Yiddish: הערצאָג (hertsog)

→ Slovak: herzog

From Proto-West Germanic *harjatogō (“army leader”). Equivalent to heri (“army”) + *zogo (“leader”).

inh

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


besamo

Middle High German: bëseme, bësme

German: Besen

Luxembourgish: Biesem

Yiddish: בעזעם (bezem)

From Proto-West Germanic *besmō (“branch, rod, broom”), whence also Old English besema. More at besom.


olbenta

Middle High German: olbende

From Proto-Germanic *ulbanduz (“camel”), from Ancient Greek ἐλέφας (eléphas, “elephant”). The sense developed in Germanic through confusion. Doublet of helfant (“elephant”), a later borrowing in the original meaning.


kempfo

Middle High German: kempfe

German: Kämpfe, Kämpfer

Agent noun belonging to Old High German kampf, whence German Kampf.
Cognate to Old Norse kappi, Old English cempa.


weiso

Middle High German: weise

German: Waise

⇒ Cimbrian: böozle (diminutive)


stro

Middle High German: strō

German: Stroh

Luxembourgish: Stréi

Vilamovian: śtruf

Yiddish: שטרוי (shtroy)

From Proto-West Germanic *strau, see also Old English strēaw, Old Norse strá.


karpho

German: Karpfen

From a Germanic source allied with Dutch karper, Old Norse karfe, karfi, Gothic *𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*karpa). Outside of Germanic, compared with Sanskrit शफर (śaphara), Welsh carp, Lithuanian šapalas. However, the un-shifted Germanic k suggests that the word entered Indo-European languages through Germanic and is ultimately from a non-Indo-European substrate native to the Alpine region and Danube basin.


gisellio

Middle High German: geselle

Cimbrian: khsell

German: Geselle

Luxembourgish: Gesell


magazogo

From *mago (“boy”) + *zogo (“leader”). The former element is from Proto-West Germanic *magu.


nollo

nollo (nominative singular)
nollon (nominative plural)
nollun (nominative plural)
nollon (accusative singular)
nollun (accusative singular)
nollon (accusative plural)
nollun (accusative plural)
nollen (genitive singular)
nollin (genitive singular)
nollōno (genitive plural)
nollen (dative singular)
nollin (dative singular)
nollōm (dative plural)
nollōn (dative plural)


wizago

wīzago (canonical masculine)
wīzago (nominative singular)
wīzagon (nominative plural)
wīzagun (nominative plural)
wīzagon (accusative singular)
wīzagun (accusative singular)
wīzagon (accusative plural)
wīzagun (accusative plural)
wīzagen (genitive singular)
wīzagin (genitive singular)
wīzagōno (genitive plural)
wīzagen (dative singular)
wīzagin (dative singular)
wīzagōm (dative plural)
wīzagōn (dative plural)


brunno

Middle High German: brunne

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: prunn

Mòcheno: prunn

Central Franconian:

Luxembourgish: Buer, Bur

Hunsrik: Brunne

German: Brunnen (Bronnen, Brunne, Bronne, Brunn)

Rhine Franconian: Brunne

desc

Yiddish: ברונעם (brunem), ברונע (brune), ברונען (brunen)

From Proto-West Germanic *brunnō, from Proto-Germanic *brunnô.


totoro

Middle High German: toter, tuter

German: Dotter

Luxembourgish: Dueder

From Proto-West Germanic *dodrō (“egg yolk”).