mennisko

Middle High German: mensch, mensche

Alemannic German: Mänsch

Bavarian: Mensch

Mòcheno: mènsch

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Mensch

Kölsch: Minsch

Luxembourgish: Mënsch

German: Mensch

Rhine Franconian: Mensch (Frankfurterisch)

Pennsylvania German: Mensch

Vilamovian: menś

desctree

Yiddish: מענטש (mentsh)
→ English: mensch

Substantivization of the adjective mennisk, from Proto-West Germanic *mannisk, from Proto-Germanic *manniskaz (“human”).


gifeho

gifeho (nominative singular)
gifehon (nominative plural)
gifehun (nominative plural)
gifehon (accusative singular)
gifehun (accusative singular)
gifehon (accusative plural)
gifehun (accusative plural)
gifehen (genitive singular)
gifehin (genitive singular)
gifehōno (genitive plural)
gifehen (dative singular)
gifehin (dative singular)
gifehōm (dative plural)
gifehōn (dative plural)


flado

Middle High German: vlade

German: Flade, Fladen

Luxembourgish: Flued


furisto

Middle High German: vürste

German: Fürst

Luxembourgish: viischt (possibly)

A superlative meaning "first," from Proto-West Germanic *furist, from Proto-Germanic *furistaz. Related to Old English fyrest.


habaro

Middle High German: habere, haber

Cimbrian: habarn pl

German: Haber

Luxembourgish: Huewer

Yiddish: האָבער (hober)


elho

German: Elch

From Proto-Germanic *elhaz. Akin to Old English eolc, Old Norse elgr.


brato

German: Brät, Brat, Braten

Related to the verb brātan which derived from Proto-Germanic *brēdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”).


einhurno

Middle High German: einhurne, einhorn

German: Einhorn

Yiddish: איינהאָרן (eynhorn)

Calque of Latin ūnicornis, itself a calque of Ancient Greek μονόκερως (monókerōs).


borto

Middle High German: borte m or f

German: Borte

From Proto-West Germanic *bordō, from Proto-Germanic *burdô. Cognate with Old English borda, borde and Old Norse borði.

seam, hem (point of attachment between fabrics)


brutigomo

desc

Middle High German: brûtegoum, briutegome

German: Bräutigam

Compound of brūt + gomo, from Proto-West Germanic *brūdigumō. Cognates include Old Saxon brūdigomo, Old Frisian brēdgoma, Old English brȳdguma, and Old Norse brúðgumi.


kasto

Middle High German: kaste

Alemannic German: Chaschte, Chaste, Kaschte

German: Kasten

Yiddish: קאַסטן (kastn)


heidano

German: Heide

→ Yiddish: הייד (heyd)

Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz, a calque of Latin paganus; equivalent to heida (“wilderness”) + -ano.


huosto

Middle High German: huoste

Alemannic German: Hueste

German: Husten


goumo

Middle High German: goume, goum

Cimbrian: gaumo

German: Gaum; Gaumen

From Proto-Germanic *gaumô, an alternative form of *gōmô (“gum, palate”), whence also Old English gōma.


rahho

Middle High German: rache

Alemannic German: Chrache

German: Rachen


fridu

Middle High German: vride, vrit

Cimbrian: friide

German: Friede, Frieden

Luxembourgish: Fridden

Yiddish: פֿרידן (fridn)

From Proto-West Germanic *friþu, from Proto-Germanic *friþuz.


leimo

Middle High German: leim, lēm

Bavarian: Lahm, Loam

German: Lehm (merged with Middle Low German)

Hunsrik: Lehm

Luxembourgish: Leem

Yiddish: ליים (leym)

From Proto-West Germanic *laimō, from Proto-Germanic *laimô, variant of *laimaz.


lenzo

Middle High German: lenze

Alemannic German: Langssi, langsé (Formazza)

Bavarian: longas, lòngas, longast

Cimbrian: langaz, langhes, långez; lentz

Mòcheno: langes

German: Lenz


lih

līh (canonical feminine neuter)
līh (nominative singular)
līhi (nominative plural)
līh (accusative singular)
līhi (accusative plural)
līhi (genitive singular)
līho (genitive plural)
līhi (dative singular)
līhim (dative plural)
līhen (dative plural)
līh (nominative singular)
līh (nominative plural)
līh (accusative singular)
līh (accusative plural)
līhes (genitive singular)
līho (genitive plural)
līhe (dative singular)
līhum (dative plural)
līhu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: leich

Central Franconian: Lich

Bavarian: Leich

German: Leiche

Luxembourgish: Läich

From Proto-West Germanic *līk. Compare Old Saxon līk, Old English līc, Old Norse lík, Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺 (leik).


grafio

Middle High German: grâve

German: Graf


knoto

Middle High German: knote, knode

Alemannic German: Chnode

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: khnòtto, khnott (Luserna)

Mòcheno: knott

German: Knoten

From Proto-Germanic *knuppô (“lump, clod”), related to *knappô (“knob”), *knappa-, which is perhaps related to *knappō (“knob, boy”). See also Old English cnotta, Dutch knot.


willo

willo (nominative singular)
willon (nominative plural)
willun (nominative plural)
willon (accusative singular)
willun (accusative singular)
willon (accusative plural)
willun (accusative plural)
willen (genitive singular)
willin (genitive singular)
willōno (genitive plural)
willen (dative singular)
willin (dative singular)
willōm (dative plural)
willōn (dative plural)

Middle Low German: wille

Cimbrian: bill

German: Wille

Luxembourgish: Wëllen

From Proto-West Germanic *willjō (“desire, will”).


sparo

Middle High German: sparwe, spare, spar

Alemannic German: Spar

⇒ Middle High German: spaz, spatze (diminutive)

Alemannic German: Spatz, Schpatz

Bavarian: Spåtz

German: Spatz
→ Luxembourgish: Spatz

⇒ Old High German: sperilig

Middle High German: sperlinc

German: Sperling

Yiddish: שפּערל (shperl)

From Proto-West Germanic *sparwō, related to Old English spearwa, Gothic 𐍃𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰 (sparwa).


heigaro

Middle High German: heiger, reiger

desctree

German: Reiher
→ Saterland Frisian: Raier

Luxembourgish: Räer

→ Italian: airone (partially from Old French)

From Proto-West Germanic *hraigrō, from Proto-Germanic *haigrô, *hraigrô.


garto

Middle High German: garte
Alemannic German: Garte, Gaarte
Bavarian: Gåatn, Goatn, Gårtn, Gåschtn
Cimbrian: gaarto, gart (Luserna)
Central Franconian: (Ripuarian) Jaade, Jaat (western Ripuarian), Gaade, Gaarde, Goarde, Goart (Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Gaarde
Luxembourgish: Gaart
, ([ˈɡɔːɐ̯tn̩] Britten)
East Franconian: [ˈɡ̊ad̥n̩]
German: Garten
Rhine Franconian: (South Hessian) /ˈɡaːtə/, /ˈɡaːrə/, (Palatine) /ˈɡaːtə/
Pennsylvania German: Gaarde
Yiddish: גאָרטן (gortn)

From Proto-West Germanic *gardō, from Proto-Germanic *gardô, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-.


trahho

trahho (nominative singular)
trahhon (nominative plural)
trahhun (nominative plural)
trahhon (accusative singular)
trahhun (accusative singular)
trahhon (accusative plural)
trahhun (accusative plural)
trahhen (genitive singular)
trahhin (genitive singular)
trahhōno (genitive plural)
trahhen (dative singular)
trahhin (dative singular)
trahhōm (dative plural)
trahhōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: trache

Alemannic German: Traach

Bavarian: Drack

German: Drache

Luxembourgish: Draach

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Drach

Vilamovian: draoch


cundo

Cognate with Old English cūþa, Middle Dutch conde (“acquaintance, friend”).
To be distinguished from chundeo (“witness”).


silbar

Middle High German: silber

Bavarian: Süber, Suiber

Cimbrian: silbar

Mòcheno: silber

German: Silber

Kölsch: Seleve

Luxembourgish: Sëlwer

Pennsylvania German: Silwer

Vilamovian: zyłwer

Yiddish: זילבער (zilber)

From Proto-West Germanic *silubr, whence also Old English seolfor, Old Norse silfr.


nioro

nioro (nominative singular)
nioron (nominative plural)
niorun (nominative plural)
nioron (accusative singular)
niorun (accusative singular)
nioron (accusative plural)
niorun (accusative plural)
nioren (genitive singular)
niorin (genitive singular)
niorōno (genitive plural)
nioren (dative singular)
niorin (dative singular)
niorōm (dative plural)
niorōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: niere

German: Niere f

→ Luxembourgish: Nier

Hunsrik: Nier

q

archaic, but see <i class="Latn mention" lang="lb">Éierchen</i>

Luxembourgish: Néier (archaic, but see Éierchen)

Yiddish: ניר (nir)


stuba

Middle High German: stube

desc

Alemannic German: Schtube, Schtub, Stube

Swabian:

Bavarian:

Central Franconian: Stuvv

Luxembourgish: Stuff

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: [ˈʂʈuːp]

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: śtuw

East Franconian:

German: Stube

Rhine Franconian: Stubb, Stobb, Stoob, Stow, Stuw

Frankfurterisch: [ʃd̥up]

Yiddish: שטיבל (shtibl), שטוב (shtub)

→ English: shtiebel

→ Hungarian: szoba (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian: soba


friatag

frīatag (canonical masculine)
frīatag (nominative singular)
frīataga (nominative plural)
frīatag (accusative singular)
frīataga (accusative plural)
frīatages (genitive singular)
frīatago (genitive plural)
frīatage (dative singular)
frīatagum (dative plural)
frīatagu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: vrītac

Alemannic German: Fritig

Italian Walser: fritog, frittag, vrittàg, vréitag

Swabian: Freidig, Fri'tig, Freidich

Bavarian: Freida

Carinthian: Freitog

Cimbrian: vraitag, braitag, vraita, fraitak

Mòcheno: vraita

Styrian: Freitog

Udinese: vraitach, vraiti

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: Friedach

East Franconian:

Main-Franconian: Freidich

German: Freitag

Luxembourgish: Freideg

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Freidach

Pennsylvania German: Freidaag

Vilamovian: fretaog

Yiddish: פֿרײַטאָג (fraytog)

From Proto-West Germanic *Frījā dag (literally “day of Frigg”), a calque of Latin diēs Veneris. Equivalent to Frīa + tag.


bluomo

bluomo (nominative singular)
bluomon (nominative plural)
bluomun (nominative plural)
bluomon (accusative singular)
bluomun (accusative singular)
bluomon (accusative plural)
bluomun (accusative plural)
bluomen (genitive singular)
bluomin (genitive singular)
bluomōno (genitive plural)
bluomen (dative singular)
bluomin (dative singular)
bluomōm (dative plural)
bluomōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: bluome, blōme, pluome
Bavarian: Blama, Bleame, Bleaml, Bloama, Bluma
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Blumm
Kölsch: Bloom
Luxembourgish: Blumm
German: Blume
German Low German: Bloom
Plautdietsch: Bloom
Rhine Franconian: Blum, Blumm
Frankfurterisch: [plum]
Pennsylvania German: Blumm
Yiddish: בלום (blum)

From Proto-West Germanic *blōmō, from Proto-Germanic *blōmô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-. Compare Old Saxon blōmo, Old Norse blóm, blómi, Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 (blōma).


haso

Middle High German: hase

Alemannic German: Haase

Bavarian: Hås

Cimbrian: haazo, has (Luserna)

Mòcheno: hos

Central Franconian: Has, Hoas

Luxembourgish: Hues

German: Hase, Haase
→ French: hase

Vilamovian: hoza

Yiddish: האָז (hoz)


kneo

Middle High German: knie

Alemannic German: Chnüüw

Cimbrian: khnia

German: Knie

Luxembourgish: Knéi

Vilamovian: kni

Yiddish: קני (kni)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *knewą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Compare Old Saxon knio, Old English cnēow, Old Norse kné, Gothic 𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌿 (kniu).


ohso

ohso (nominative singular)
ohson (nominative plural)
ohsun (nominative plural)
ohson (accusative singular)
ohsun (accusative singular)
ohson (accusative plural)
ohsun (accusative plural)
ohsen (genitive singular)
ohsin (genitive singular)
ohsōno (genitive plural)
ohsen (dative singular)
ohsin (dative singular)
ohsōm (dative plural)
ohsōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: ohse, ochse, osse, ox
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: oks
Mòcheno: ocks
German: Ochse, Ochs (regional or poetic)
→ Luxembourgish: Ochs
Central Franconian: Ohs
Hunsrik: Ochs
Luxembourgish: Uess
Yiddish: אָקס (oks)

From Proto-West Germanic *ohsō, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn.


reho

rēho (canonical masculine)
rēho (nominative singular)
rēhon (nominative plural)
rēhun (nominative plural)
rēhon (accusative singular)
rēhun (accusative singular)
rēhon (accusative plural)
rēhun (accusative plural)
rēhen (genitive singular)
rēhin (genitive singular)
rēhōno (genitive plural)
rēhen (dative singular)
rēhin (dative singular)
rēhōm (dative plural)
rēhōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: rēch n, rē n

Bavarian:

Mòcheno: reach

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Reh

Luxembourgish: Réi

German: Reh

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: [ʀeː]

From Proto-West Germanic *raihō, from Proto-Germanic *raihô, cognate with Old English rāha, rā, Proto-Norse ᚱᚨᛇᚺᚨᚾ (raïhan) (genitive singular) Old Norse rá.


rocko

Middle High German: rocke

German: Rocken (archaic)

Mòcheno: rocken

From Proto-West Germanic *roggō, whence also Old Saxon roggo, Old Dutch *roggo, and Old Frisian rogga. Old English ryġe and Old Norse rugr are also closely related. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo- (compare Russian рожь (rožʹ) and Old Prussian rugis).


rocko

German: Rocken

From Proto-Germanic *rukkô, akin to Old Norse rokkr.


faso

Middle High German: vase

German: Faser

From Proto-West Germanic *fasō, of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pē̆s- (“to blow”), which could be related to Polish pasmo (“band, strip, streak”). But, according to Kroonen, this is at odds with the spelling variants *fesōn and *fisōn, and he prefers a connection with Ancient Greek πτύσσω (ptússō, “I fold”), from a Pre-Germanic root *fisan-, from Proto-Indo-European *tpis-e- << *tpis-.


drubo

German: Traube

Yiddish: טרויב (troyb)


herro

hērro (canonical masculine)
hērro (nominative singular)
hērron (nominative plural)
hērrun (nominative plural)
hērron (accusative singular)
hērrun (accusative singular)
hērron (accusative plural)
hērrun (accusative plural)
hērren (genitive singular)
hērrin (genitive singular)
hērrōno (genitive plural)
hērren (dative singular)
hērrin (dative singular)
hērrōm (dative plural)
hērrōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: herre

Alemannic German: Heer

Cimbrian: hear, hèere (Sette Comuni)

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Herr, hër

German: Herr

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Harr

Yiddish: הער (her)

From earlier hērōro, comparative form of hēr (“gray-haired, old; noble, venerable”), from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey; old, distinguished”). Compare the same semantic development from Latin senior to Old French seignor, whence the feudal meaning was loaned to Old High German in Carolingian times.


fetiro

German: Vetter


tropfo

Middle High German: tropfe

German: Tropfe, Tropfen

Yiddish: טראָפּן (tropn), טראָפּ (trop)

From Proto-West Germanic *dropō, whence also Old English dropa, Old Norse dropi.


tumphilo

German: Tümpel

From Proto-Germanic *dumpilaz, related to *deupaz (“deep”). See also modern German Tümpel and English dimple.


rifo

From the oblique stem *hrīp of Proto-Germanic *hrīmô (“hoarfrost”).


bogo

bogo (nominative singular)
bogon (nominative plural)
bogun (nominative plural)
bogon (accusative singular)
bogun (accusative singular)
bogon (accusative plural)
bogun (accusative plural)
bogen (genitive singular)
bogin (genitive singular)
bogōno (genitive plural)
bogen (dative singular)
bogin (dative singular)
bogōm (dative plural)
bogōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: boge

German: Bogen

Hunsrik: Bohe

Luxembourgish: Bou

desc

Rhine Franconian: Boche, Bouche, Boge, Boo, Booe

Frankfurterisch: [b̥oːɣ̥ə]

Yiddish: בויגן (boygn)

From Proto-West Germanic *bogō, see also Old Saxon bogo, Old English boga, Old Norse bogi.


wehha

Middle High German: wëche, woche

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: bòchò, wuchu, wucha, wucchu

Bavarian: Woch, Wocha, Wochn

Cimbrian: bòcha, boch (Luserna)

Mòcheno: boch

Central Franconian: Woch, Wech, Wääch (Ripuarian; now widely obsolete)

German: Woche

Luxembourgish: Woch

Pennsylvania German: Woch

Vilamovian: woch

Yiddish: וואָך (vokh)

From Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“sequence, week”), whence also Old English wiċe, Old Norse vika.


dumo

dūmo (canonical masculine)
dūmo (nominative singular)
dūmon (nominative plural)
dūmun (nominative plural)
dūmon (accusative singular)
dūmun (accusative singular)
dūmon (accusative plural)
dūmun (accusative plural)
dūmen (genitive singular)
dūmin (genitive singular)
dūmōno (genitive plural)
dūmen (dative singular)
dūmin (dative singular)
dūmōm (dative plural)
dūmōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: dūme, doume, tūme
Cimbrian: daumo
German: Daumen
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Daume
Luxembourgish: Daum
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Daume

From Proto-West Germanic *þūmō, from Proto-Germanic *þūmô, from Proto-Indo-European *tum-.


hano

hano (nominative singular)
hanon (nominative plural)
hanun (nominative plural)
hanon (accusative singular)
hanun (accusative singular)
hanon (accusative plural)
hanun (accusative plural)
hanen (genitive singular)
hanin (genitive singular)
hanōno (genitive plural)
hanen (dative singular)
hanin (dative singular)
hanōm (dative plural)
hanōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: hane, han

Alemannic German: Haane

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Haan

Cimbrian: haano, hå (Luserna)

German: Hahn

Luxembourgish: Hunn

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Haahne

Yiddish: האָן (hon)

From Proto-West Germanic *hanō, from Proto-Germanic *hanô, from Proto-Indo-European *kan- (“to sing”). Compare Old Saxon hano, Old English hana, Old Norse hani, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 (hana).


fihu

desc

Middle High German: vihe, vëhe, vich, viech, vech, vie, vē

Alemannic German: Vëh

Swabian: Viech

Bavarian: Viech

Cimbrian: viighe, biighe (Mezzaselva)

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: Viech

German: Vieh; Viech (with distinction)

Luxembourgish: Véi

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Veh, Veih, Vieh

Palatine: Veh, Vieh, Viech

Yiddish: פֿיך (fikh)

From Proto-West Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Indo-European *péḱu (“livestock, domestic animals”).
Germanic cognates include Old Saxon fehu (Low German Veeh), Old English feoh (“cattle, property”) (English fee), Dutch vee, Old Frisian fia (West Frisian fee), Old Norse fé (Danish fæ, Swedish fä), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿 (faihu). The Indo-European root is also the source of Sanskrit पशु (paśu, “cattle”), Latin pecus, Old Armenian ասր (asr, “fleece”) and Lithuanian pekus (“cattle”).


wado

German: Wade

From Proto-Germanic *waþwô. Cognate with Old Saxon watho, Old Norse vǫðvi.


tiufal

tiufala (plural)
tiufal (nominative singular)
tiufala (nominative plural)
tiufal (accusative singular)
tiufala (accusative plural)
tiufales (genitive singular)
tiufalo (genitive plural)
tiufale (dative singular)
tiufalum (dative plural)
tiufalu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: tiuvel, tievel

Alemannic German: Tüüfel

Swabian: Deifel

Bavarian: Deiwi, Deifi, Teifi

Cimbrian: taüvl

desc

Central Franconian: Düüvel, Deuvel, Deivel

Hunsrik: Deivel

Luxembourgish: Däiwel

East Central German: Deibel, Teibel, Teifel

Vilamovian: tojfuł

→ German: Deibel

German: Teufel

Rhine Franconian: Deiwel

Pennsylvania German: Deiwel

Yiddish: טײַוול (tayvl)

From Proto-West Germanic *diubul; see modern German Teufel for more. The word might have adopted its -f- by association with tiof (“deep”), as the expected form would be *tiubal.


funcho

German: Funke


finco

Middle High German: vinke

Bavarian: Pienke

Cimbrian: finko

German: Fink
→ Estonian: vint

Pennsylvania German: Fink

From Proto-Germanic *finkô, whence also Old English finċ.


amsala

Middle High German: amsel

German: Amsel


metu

Middle High German: mete, met

German: Met

From Proto-West Germanic *medu. Compare Old Saxon, Old Dutch medu, Old Norse mjǫðr.


knappo

Middle High German: knappe

German: Knappe

Mòcheno: knòpp


kouf

German: Kauf

Back-formation from the Old High German verb koufōn


koufo

Middle High German: koufe


balz

>? Middle High German: balz, balzer

German: Balz (etymology disputed)

From Proto-Germanic *baltaz, *baltijaz (“belt, girdle”), whence also Old English belt, Old Norse belti.


burgeo

Middle High German: bürge

German: Bürge

Luxembourgish: Bierg

From Proto-Germanic *burgijô, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ- (“to safeguard, protect; to preserve”).


biscof

Middle High German: bischof

Cimbrian: bissof

German: Bischof

Vilamovian: bisküp

Yiddish: בישאָף (bishof)

Borrowed from Latin episcopus, whence also Old English biscop, Old Norse biskup.


anto

Middle High German: ande

German: Ahnd, And

From Proto-West Germanic *anadō. Cognates include Old English anda.


kezzil

Middle High German: kezzel

Cimbrian: khéssel

German: Kessel

Hunsrik: Kessel

Luxembourgish: Kessel

Pennsylvania German: Kessel

Vilamovian: kesuł

Yiddish: קעסל (kesl)


bremo

German: Bremse

From Old Saxon brimissa, from *brummōn, from Proto-West Germanic *brummōn (“to buzz, drone”).


backo

backo (nominative singular)
backon (nominative plural)
backun (nominative plural)
backon (accusative singular)
backun (accusative singular)
backon (accusative plural)
backun (accusative plural)
backen (genitive singular)
backin (genitive singular)
backōno (genitive plural)
backen (dative singular)
backin (dative singular)
backōm (dative plural)
backōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: backe

German: Backe

Yiddish: באַק (bak)


galgo

Middle High German: galge

Alemannic German: Galge

desctree

German: Galgen
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: галге
Latin script: galge

Luxembourgish: Gaalgen

From Proto-West Germanic *galgō, see also Old Saxon galgo, Old Frisian galga, Old English ġealga, Old Norse galgi, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌰 (galga).


asc

Middle High German: asche, esche

Cimbrian: ess

German: Esche

Luxembourgish: Esch

Yiddish: אַשבוים (ashboym)

⇒? German: Essen (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *ask, see also Old English æsc, Old Norse askr.


kolbo

Middle High German: kolbe

Alemannic German: Cholbe, Cholpe

Bavarian: Koim, Koibm

Central Franconian: Kolf, Kolwe

Hunsrik: Kolve

German: Kolben

→ Luxembourgish: Kolben

Luxembourgish: Kollef, Kolf

Rhine Franconian: Kolwe

Pennsylvania German: Kolwe

From Proto-West Germanic *kolbō, derivative of Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“round object”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to form into a ball”). Cognate to Old Norse kylfa and kolfr.


cheviro

Middle High German: kever

Alemannic German: Chääfer

German: Käfer

→ Ladin: chëifer

q

from MHG <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmh">*keverlinc</i>

⇒ Luxembourgish: Kiewerlek (from MHG *keverlinc)

From Proto-West Germanic *kefrō, whence also Old English ceafor (English chafer), Old Dutch *keviro (Dutch kever), Old Saxon kevera (Low German Käver).


armilo

Middle High German: ermel

Alemannic German: Ärmel

Cimbrian: èrmel

German: Ärmel

Hunsrik: Aarmel

Yiddish: אַרבל (arbl)


kerno

German: Kern

Yiddish: קערן (kern)


elinbogo

elinbogo (nominative singular)
elinbogon (nominative plural)
elinbogun (nominative plural)
elinbogon (accusative singular)
elinbogun (accusative singular)
elinbogon (accusative plural)
elinbogun (accusative plural)
elinbogen (genitive singular)
elinbogin (genitive singular)
elinbogōno (genitive plural)
elinbogen (dative singular)
elinbogin (dative singular)
elinbogōm (dative plural)
elinbogōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: elenboge

German: Ellenboge, Ellbogen, Ellenbogen

Luxembourgish: Ielebou

Vilamovian: ełböga

Yiddish: עלנבויגן (elnboygn)

From Proto-Germanic *alinabugô. By surface analysis, elina (“ulna, ell”) + bogo (“bow, arch”).


sunna

sunna (nominative singular)
sunnun (nominative plural)
sunnūn (accusative singular)
sunnun (accusative plural)
sunnūn (genitive singular)
sunnōno (genitive plural)
sunnūn (dative singular)
sunnōm (dative plural)
sunnōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: sunne f or m
Alemannic German: Sunnä
Italian Walser: sunna, sunnu, sònnò, ŝchunna, ŝchunnà
Bavarian: Son
Cimbrian: sunn, sonde, zunna
Mòcheno: sunn
Udinese: suna, sune, sunne
Viennese: Sun
Central Franconian: Sonn, Sunn (rarer variant)
Hunsrik: Sunn, Sonn
Luxembourgish: Sonn
German: Sonne
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Sunn
Pennsylvania German: Sunn
Vilamovian: zunn, zun
Yiddish: זון (zun)

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnā (“sun”).


sunna

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō.


gomo

gomo (nominative singular)
gomon (nominative plural)
gomun (nominative plural)
gomon (accusative singular)
gomun (accusative singular)
gomon (accusative plural)
gomun (accusative plural)
gomen (genitive singular)
gomin (genitive singular)
gomōno (genitive plural)
gomen (dative singular)
gomin (dative singular)
gomōm (dative plural)
gomōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: gome

From Proto-West Germanic *gumō. See also Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma).


chleo

Middle High German: klē

Central Franconian: Klee, Klie

Cimbrian: khlea

German: Klee

Luxembourgish: Kléi

desc

Rhine Franconian: Klee, Kleje, Klie, Kläi

Vilamovian: kłej


koufon

Middle High German: koufen

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: köife

Swabian: kaafe

Bavarian: kaufn, kaffa

Central Franconian: koofe, kaufe (Kölsch; Westerwald), koofn

East Franconian: kaafm

German: kaufen

Luxembourgish: kafen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: kaafe

Vilamovian: kaofja

Yiddish: קויפֿן (koyfn)

From Proto-West Germanic *kaupōn. Cognate with Old English ceapian.


namo

namo (nominative singular)
namon (nominative plural)
namun (nominative plural)
namon (accusative singular)
namun (accusative singular)
namon (accusative plural)
namun (accusative plural)
namen (genitive singular)
namin (genitive singular)
namōno (genitive plural)
namen (dative singular)
namin (dative singular)
namōm (dative plural)
namōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: name

Alemannic German: Naame

Italian Walser: namä, noame, nomu, nàmund

Bavarian: Nama, Nam, Nåm

Cimbrian: nåm, name, naamo

Mòcheno: nu'm

Udinese: nome, nòmm, nome, nomat

German: Name, Namen

Luxembourgish: Numm

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Naame

Yiddish: נאָמען (nomen)

From Proto-West Germanic *namō, whence also Old Saxon namo and Old Dutch namo, Old English nama, Old Norse nafn, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉 (namō).


floccho

Borrowed from Latin floccus; akin to Old English floc.


kimo

German: Keim


farah

Middle High German: varch

⇒ Old High German: farhīli, farheli (diminutive)

Middle High German: verkel, verhel

Alemannic German: Färli

German: Ferkel

Luxembourgish: Fierkel

From Proto-West Germanic *farh, whence also Old English fearh.


nevo

Middle High German: nëfe, nëve, nëf, nebe

Cimbrian: néf

desctree

German: Neffe, Nefe (obsolete)
→? German Low German: Neffe

From Proto-Germanic *nefô, whence also Old English nefa, Old Norse nefi.


giferto

German: Gefährte


gisindo

German: Gesinde


fano

Middle High German: vane, van

Alemannic German: Faane

Cimbrian: baane

German: Fahne
→ Silesian: fana

Hunsrik: Faan

Yiddish: פֿאָן (fon)

From Proto-West Germanic *fanō, from Proto-Germanic *fanô, whence also Old English fana, Old Norse fani.


blio

Middle High German: blī

German: Blei

Luxembourgish: Bläi

Vilamovian: błaj

Yiddish: בלײַ (blay)


folo

Middle High German: vole

From Proto-West Germanic *folō, see also Old English fola, Old Norse foli.


gimazzo

Of West Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *gamatô, *gamatjô, itself from *ga- (“together”) + *matjô, from *matiz (“food”).


sterno

Middle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn
Alemannic German: Stern
Bavarian: Stean
Mòcheno: stern
Central Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern
Hunsrik: Stern
Luxembourgish: Stär
German: Stern
Vilamovian: śtaom
Yiddish: שטערן (shtern)

From Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Compare Old Saxon sterro, Old Frisian stēra, Old English steorra, Old Norse stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō).


samo

Middle High German: sāme, saume

Cimbrian: zamo

German: Samen, Same (now rare)
→ Japanese: ザーメン (zāmen)

Hunsrik: Some

Luxembourgish: Som

Vilamovian: zöma

Yiddish: זוימען (zoymen) (< saume)

From Proto-West Germanic *sāmō, from Proto-Germanic *sēmô, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₁mn̥. Cognate to Latin sēmen.


gingibero

desc

Middle High German: ingeber, ingewer, ingwer, gingebere

desctree

German: Ingwer, Ingber, Imber (dialectal, obsolete)
→ Estonian: ingver
→ Latvian: ingvers
→ Luxembourgish: Ingwer
→ Polish: imbir, imbier, imgbir, imber, ingbier, ingbir, jęgbir, engbier, imgbier, inbier, inbir (obsolete)
→ Belarusian: імбір (imbir)
→ Lithuanian: imbieras
→ Russian: имби́рь (imbírʹ)
→ Ukrainian: імби́р (imbýr)
→ Slovene: īngver, īmber
→ Lower Sorbian: ingwer
→ Upper Sorbian: himbjer, ingwer

Yiddish: אינגבער (ingber)


kurzi

kurzī (canonical feminine)
kurzī (nominative singular)
kurzī (nominative plural)
kurzī (accusative singular)
kurzī (accusative plural)
kurzī (genitive singular)
kurzino (genitive plural)
kurzī (dative singular)
kurzinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: kürze

German: Kürze


fendo

From Proto-West Germanic *fanþijō (“walker, walking”), from Proto-Indo-European *pent- (“to go, pass”).


groz

Middle High German: grōz

Alemannic German: groß, gruuss

Swabian: groß

Bavarian: groas, grous

Cimbrian: groaz, gròas (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: groas

Central Franconian: jruß, gruß

Hunsrik: gros

Luxembourgish: grouss

German: groß

Rhine Franconian: gruß

Frankfurterisch: [kʀoːs]

Pennsylvania German: gross

Vilamovian: gros

Yiddish: גרויס (groys)

From Proto-West Germanic *graut, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz, whence also Old English grēat.
More at English great.


grabo

From a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *graban (“to dig”).


jugund

German: Jugend

Yiddish: יוגנט (yugnt)

From Proto-Germanic *jugunþiz, from earlier Proto-Germanic *juwuniþō, whence also Old English ġeoġuþ.


harti

hartī (canonical feminine)
hartī (nominative singular)
hartī (accusative singular)
hartī (genitive singular)
hartī (dative singular)

Middle High German: herte

German: Härte

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hardī, from Proto-Germanic *hardį̄; equivalent to hart (“hard”) + -ī.


foll

Middle High German: vol, voll

Alemannic German: vole, voll

Bavarian: voi, vui

Cimbrian: vòll, bòll (Mezzaselva)

Hunsrik: foll

Luxembourgish: voll

German: voll

Vilamovian: fułł

Yiddish: פֿול (ful)

From Proto-West Germanic *full, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.
Cognate with Old Saxon ful, Old English full, Dutch vol, Old Norse fullr, Gothic 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍃 (fulls).


starchi

starchī (canonical feminine)
starchī (nominative singular)
starchī (nominative plural)
starchī (accusative singular)
starchī (accusative plural)
starchī (genitive singular)
starchino (genitive plural)
starchī (dative singular)
starchinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: sterke

German: Stärke

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *starkī; equivalent to stark (“strong”) + -ī.


melo

Middle High German: mël

Alemannic German: Mël, Mèhl

Bavarian: Mej, Möö

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Meel

Luxembourgish: Miel

German: Mehl

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Mehl

Vilamovian: maoł

Yiddish: מעל (mel)


zungal

zungal (nominative singular)
zungal (nominative plural)
zungal (accusative singular)
zungal (accusative plural)
zungales (genitive singular)
zungalo (genitive plural)
zungale (dative singular)
zungalum (dative plural)
zungalu (instrumental singular)

From Proto-Germanic *tunglą, whence Old English tungol, Old Norse tungl, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌻 (tuggl) (gloss on Galatians 4:3).
The further etymology is unknown; Pokorny reconstructs a PIE root *dengh- "to shine" just from this Germanic word and a Baltic word for "to seem, to appear" (Lithuanian diñga).
Grimm in his Teutonic Mythology opined that "no doubt", the word was a derivation from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ "lingua", offering the explanation that "the moon and some of the planets, when partially illuminated, do present the appearance of a tongue or sickle" but admits that he knows of no parallel to this in other language and adds the footnote "or was the twinkling of the stars likened to a tingling [züngeln]"http://books.google.com/books?id=Of-9kLGvLUUC&pg=PA700&lpg=PA700&dq=tungl+tuggl&source=bl&ots=PDhPLU4533&sig=2Kesq0J-SA3lA5ZtDNGsv4YPL3g&hl=en&ei=l6prTeXdC9O74gbK5rXfCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=tungl%20tuggl&f=false.
The meaning "moon", which is already found in Old Icelandic prose, is secondary, as evidenced by the surviving Icelandic compound himintungl (= Old English heofontungol, Old High German himilzungal, Old Saxon himiltungal) for "star".


guoti

guotī (canonical feminine)
guotī (nominative singular)
guotī (nominative plural)
guotī (accusative singular)
guotī (accusative plural)
guotī (genitive singular)
guotino (genitive plural)
guotī (dative singular)
guotinum (dative plural)

desc

Middle High German: giute, güete, güöte, guͤte, guͤti

Alemannic German: Gieti, Güeti

Central Franconian: Jöt, Jöde

Hunsrik: Gied

Cimbrian: güute

German: Güte

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Gied, Giede

Palatine German: Giet, Giete

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *gōdī, from Proto-Germanic *gōdį̄; equivalent to guot (“good”) + -ī.


fulli

fullī (canonical feminine)
fullī (nominative singular)
fullī (accusative singular)
fullī (genitive singular)
fullī (dative singular)

Middle High German: vülle, völle

Alemannic German: Fülli, Völli

German: Fülle, Völle

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fullī, from Proto-Germanic *fullį̄. Consists of foll (“full”) + -ī.


nezzila

Middle High German: nezzel

Cimbrian: éssala (reanalyzed)

German: Nessel

→ Yiddish: ברעננעסל (brennesl)

q

Yiddish: ניסול (nisul) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)


nuohturn

desc

Middle High German: nüehtern, nüchtern, nüchtarn, nüchter

German: nüchtern

Hunsrik: nichter

By influence from uohta (“dawn”), as can be seen in the derived term uohternīn, nuohtarnīn, nuohturnīn, nuehternīn (“abstinent”) from Latin nocturnus, the meaning “nightly” of which is preserved in nohturn.

not having eaten yet, fasting, abstinent


hohi

hōhī (canonical feminine)
hōhī (nominative singular)
hōhī (nominative plural)
hōhī (accusative singular)
hōhī (accusative plural)
hōhī (genitive singular)
hōhino (genitive plural)
hōhī (dative singular)
hōhinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: hœhe, hōhe, hō

Alemannic German: Hechi, Höchi, Hööchi

Swabian: Hea, Hee

Bavarian:

Austrian: He

German: Höhe, Höh

Yiddish: הייך (heykh)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hauhī, from Proto-Germanic *hauhį̄; equivalent to hōh (“high”) + -ī.


vaz

German: Fass

From Proto-Germanic *fatą, whence also Old English fæt, Old Norse fat.


nebul

Middle High German: nebel

German: Nebel

Hunsrik: Newel

Luxembourgish: Niwwel

Vilamovian: naowuł

Yiddish: נעפּל (nepl)

From Proto-Germanic *nebulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.


breiti

breitī (canonical feminine)
breitī (nominative singular)
breitī (accusative singular)
breitī (genitive singular)
breitī (dative singular)

Middle High German: breite; breiten

German: Breite

Luxembourgish: Breet

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *braidī, from Proto-Germanic *braidį̄, equivalent to breit (“broad”) + -ī.


nezzi

Middle High German: netze

German: Netz

Luxembourgish: Netz

Yiddish: נעץ (nets)

From Proto-West Germanic *nati. Akin to Old Saxon netti, nett, Old English net, nett, Old Norse net, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌹 (nati).


pfapho

German: Pfaffe


grozi

grōzī (canonical feminine)
grōzī (nominative singular)
grōzī (accusative singular)
grōzī (genitive singular)
grōzī (dative singular)

Middle High German: grœze; (grœzede)

German: Größe

(Luxembourgish: Gréisst)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *grautī, equivalent to grōz + -ī.


gazza

Middle High German: gazze

desc

Central Franconian: Jass, Jaas (western Ripuarian), Gass (eastern Moselle Franconian), Gaß (western Moselle Franconian)

Bavarian: Gåssn

German: Gasse

Luxembourgish: Gaass

Yiddish: גאַס (gas)

→ Middle Low German: gatze, gadtze, gasse

Plautdietsch: Gauss

→ Middle Dutch: gasse

Dutch: gas

→ Slovene: gȃsa

From Proto-West Germanic *gatwā, from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ, whence also Old Norse gata, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐍅𐍉 (gatwō).


querdar

Middle High German: querder

German: Köder

From Proto-West Germanic *kwerþr (“bait”).


lengi

lengī (canonical feminine)
lengī (nominative singular)
lengī (accusative singular)
lengī (genitive singular)
lengī (dative singular)

Middle High German: lenge

Alemannic German: Längi

Alsatian: Länga

Swabian: Läng

Bavarian: Läng, Leng

Central Franconian: Läng, Leng

Hunsrik: Leng

German: Länge

Rhine Franconian: Läng, Leng

Palatine German: Läng

Pennsylvania German: Leng

Vilamovian: łeń

Yiddish: לענג (leng)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *langī, from Proto-Germanic *langį̄; equivalent to lang (“long”) + -ī.


reccho

German: Recke m

From Proto-West Germanic *wrakkjō, whence also Old English wreċċa.


sahs

From Proto-Germanic *sahsą, whence also Old English seax, Old Norse sax.


reginbogo

desc

Middle High German: regenboge, rëgenboge

German: Regenbogen

Hunsrik: Rehnbohe

Luxembourgish: Reebou

Vilamovian: ranaböga, rȧnaböga, rȧnböga, raenaböga, rǡnabȫga

Yiddish: רעגנבויגן (regnboygn)

Equivalent to regin + bogo (compare regan), from Proto-West Germanic *regnabogō.


hufo

Middle High German: hūfe

Alemannic German: Hufe

Cimbrian: hauf, haufen

German: Haufe

From Proto-Germanic *hūpô. Related to houf.


hugu

From Proto-Germanic *hugiz, *huguz, whence also Old English hyġe, Old Norse hugr.


rucki

rucki (nominative singular)
rucka (nominative plural)
rucki (accusative singular)
rucka (accusative plural)
ruckes (genitive singular)
rucko (genitive plural)
rucke (dative singular)
ruckim (dative plural)
rucku (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: rücke

From Proto-West Germanic *hrugi. Cognate with Old English hryċġ (English ridge), Old Norse hryggr.


klocca

Middle High German: glocke, glogge

Alemannic German: Glogg

German: Glocke

Luxembourgish: Klack

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Glock

Vilamovian: głok

Yiddish: גלאָק (glok)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin clocca, probably of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”) (compare Welsh cloch, Irish clog), from Proto-Indo-European *klēg-, *klōg- (onomatopoeia).
Akin to Old Norse klokka.


siuhhi

siuhhī (canonical feminine)
siuhhī (nominative singular)
siuhhī (nominative plural)
siuhhī (accusative singular)
siuhhī (accusative plural)
siuhhī (genitive singular)
siuhhino (genitive plural)
siuhhī (dative singular)
siuhhinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: siuche

Alemannic German: Siechi

German: Seuche

→ Luxembourgish: Seuch

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *siukī, from Proto-Germanic *siukį̄; equivalent to sioh (“sick”) + -ī.


sunnuntag

desc

Middle High German: sunnentac, sunntac, sunnetac, suntac

Alemannic German:

Swabian: Sunntig, Sonndich

Walser: ŝchunnutog, sònntag, sunntag, sunnatag, ŝchuntàg

Bavarian: Sunnda, sunntach, suntach, sunti

Carinthian: Sunntog

Cimbrian: sunta, suntak, zùntag

Mòcheno: sunta

Styrian: Sunntog

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: Sonndach

East Franconian: Sunndooch

Main-Franconian: Sundich

German: Sonntag

Luxembourgish: Sonndeg

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Sunndaag

Vilamovian: zuntaog

Yiddish: זונטיק (zuntik), זונטאָג (zuntog)

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnōn dag, a calque of Latin diēs Sōlis.


scolan

From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, akin to Old English sculan, Old Norse skulu.


scozo

Middle High German: schoz, schōze

German: Schoß

Luxembourgish: Schouss

Yiddish: שויס (shoys)


sihhila

Middle High German: sichel

German: Sichel
→ Dutch: zichel

Luxembourgish: Séchel

Vilamovian: sychuł


sprozzo

German: Sprosse


spuolo

German: Spule


slito

German: Schlitten

Luxembourgish: Schlitt


pfuzzi

Middle High German: pfütze, putze, pütze, butze, bütze

German: Pfütze, Pütz

Luxembourgish: Pëtz

From Proto-West Germanic *puti (“a well”).


snecco

Middle High German: snëgge, snëcke

Alemannic German: Schnägg

German: Schnecke

→ Dutch: snek

→ Swedish: snäcka

Yiddish: שנעק (shnek)

From Proto-Germanic *sneggô. Akin to Old English *snecga.


sichur

Middle High German: sicher

Cimbrian: sichar

desctree

German: sicher
→ Kashubian: zycher
→ Saterland Frisian: sicher, zicher
→ Silesian: zicher

Hunsrik: sicher

Luxembourgish: sécher

Yiddish: זיכער (zikher)

Alternative spelling of sihhur (“secure”)


sculdheizo

desc

Middle High German: schultheize, schultheiz

German: Schulze, Schultheiß

→ Hungarian: soltész

→ Kashubian: szôłtës

→ Polish: sołtys

→ Romanian: șoltuz

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *skuldihaitijō. Equivalent to sculd + heizzan.


scaro

German: Schar

From Proto-Germanic *skar-, *skaraz (“ploughshare”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”), whence also Old English scear (modern English share (“plough-share”)).


hako

Middle High German: hāken

German: Haken

→ Czech: hák

→ Polish: hak

From Proto-West Germanic *hakō, from Proto-Germanic *hakô, from Proto-Indo-European *keg-.


heiz

Middle High German: heiz

Bavarian: hoaß

Central Franconian: heeß, hääß, heiß

East Central German: heeß

German: heiß, heiss

Hunsrik: heis

Yiddish: הייס (heys)

From Proto-West Germanic *hait, see also Old Saxon hēt, Old English hāt, Old Norse heitr.


stecko

German: Stecken

From Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”), whence also Old English sticca.


scara

German: Schar

From Proto-West Germanic *skaru, from Proto-Germanic *skarō, whence also Old English sċearu.


smero

Middle High German: smër

Alemannic German: Schmër

German: Schmer

→ Polish: smar

→ Carpathian Rusyn: смар (smar)

From Proto-West Germanic *smeru, from Proto-Germanic *smerwą, from Proto-Indo-European *smérus.
Cognate with Old English smeoru, Old Norse smjǫr, Gothic 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂 (smairþr), also Old Irish smiur (“marrow”), Tocharian B ṣmare.


sunno

desctree

Middle High German: sunne f or m
Alemannic German: Sunnä
Italian Walser: sunna, sunnu, sònnò, ŝchunna, ŝchunnà
Bavarian: Son
Cimbrian: sunn, sonde, zunna
Mòcheno: sunn
Udinese: suna, sune, sunne
Viennese: Sun
Central Franconian: Sonn, Sunn (rarer variant)
Hunsrik: Sunn, Sonn
Luxembourgish: Sonn
German: Sonne
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Sunn
Pennsylvania German: Sunn
Vilamovian: zunn, zun
Yiddish: זון (zun)

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnō. Masculine form of sunna.


sculd

sculd (nominative singular)
sculdi (nominative plural)
sculd (accusative singular)
sculdi (accusative plural)
sculdi (genitive singular)
sculdo (genitive plural)
sculdi (dative singular)
sculdim (dative plural)
sculden (dative plural)

Middle High German: schult, schulde

German: Schuld

→ Esperanto: ŝuldo

Luxembourgish: Schold

Yiddish: שולד (shuld)


scinco

Middle High German: schinke

German: Schinken (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Schank

Pennsylvania German: Schinke

→ Italian: stinco


tunkali

tunkalī (canonical feminine)
tunkalī (nominative singular)
tunkalī (nominative plural)
tunkalī (accusative singular)
tunkalī (accusative plural)
tunkalī (genitive singular)
tunkalino (genitive plural)
tunkalī (dative singular)
tunkalinum (dative plural)


scado

Middle High German: schade

Central Franconian: Schade

German: Schaden

Hunsrik: Schaade

Luxembourgish: Schued

Yiddish: שאָד (shod)

→ Czech: škoda

→ Old Polish: szkoda
Polish: szkoda
→ Old East Slavic: шкода (škoda)
Belarusian: шко́да (škóda)
Russian: шко́да (škóda)
Ukrainian: шко́да (škóda)

→ Serbo-Croatian: škȍda, шко̏да

→ Slovak: škoda


stollo

Middle High German: stolle

German: Stollen
→ Czech: štóla
→ English: stollen
→ Norwegian Bokmål: stoll
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stoll

→ Italian: stollo
→ Serbo-Croatian: штула

From Proto-Germanic *stullô (“support, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place, locate”).


tiuri

Middle High German: tiure

Alemannic German: tüür

Bavarian: teier

German: teuer

Vilamovian: taojer

Yiddish: טײַער (tayer)

From Proto-Germanic *diurijaz, whence also Old English dīere, Old Norse dýrr.


heizzan

heizzan (infinitive)
heizzu (first-person present singular)
heizzo (first-person present singular)
hiaz (first-person past singular)
heizzis (present second-person singular)
heizzist (present second-person singular)
hiazi (past second-person singular)
heizzit (present singular third-person)
hiaz (past singular third-person)
heizzem (first-person plural present)
heizzemēs (first-person plural present)
hiazum (first-person past plural)
hiazumēs (first-person past plural)
heizzet (plural present second-person)
hiazut (past plural second-person)
heizzant (plural present third-person)
hiazun (past plural third-person)
heizze (first-person present singular)
hiazi (first-person past singular)
heizzēs (present second-person singular)
heizzēst (present second-person singular)
hiazīs (past second-person singular)
hiazīst (past second-person singular)
heizze (present singular third-person)
hiazi (past singular third-person)
heizzēm (first-person plural present)
hiazīm (first-person past plural)
hiazīmēs (first-person past plural)
heizzēt (plural present second-person)
hiazīt (past plural second-person)
heizzēn (plural present third-person)
hiazīn (past plural third-person)
heizz (present singular)
heizzet (plural present)
heizzanti (present)
giheizan (past)

Middle High German: heizen

Bavarian: hoazn

Cimbrian: hoazan

Mòcheno: hoasn

German: heißen

Luxembourgish: heeschen (fully merged with *aiskōn)

Yiddish: הייסן (heysn)

From Proto-West Germanic *haitan, see also Old Saxon hētan, Old English hātan, Old Norse heita, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (haitan).


swari

swārī (canonical feminine)
swārī (nominative singular)
swārī (accusative singular)
swārī (genitive singular)
swārī (dative singular)

Middle High German: swære

German: Schwere

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *swārī, form Proto-Germanic *swērį̄; equivalent to swār (“heavy”) + -ī.


luppi

Middle High German: luppe, lüppe

German: Luppe, Lüppe

From Proto-West Germanic *lubi, from Proto-Germanic *lubją. Akin to Old English lybb, Old Norse lyf.


swero

From Proto-Germanic *sweraną (“to fester, ulcerate”).


segan

segan (nominative singular)
segana (nominative plural)
segan (accusative singular)
segana (accusative plural)
seganes (genitive singular)
segano (genitive plural)
segane (dative singular)
seganum (dative plural)
seganu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: segen

Bavarian: Segn

German: Segen

Luxembourgish: Segen


tior

Middle High German: tier

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: Tier

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Dier

Kölsch: Deer, Dier

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: Dier

German: Tier

→ Plautdietsch: Tier, Tiea

Luxembourgish: Déier

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Déier

From Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewsóm whence also Old English dēor, Old Norse dýr.


nahi

nāhī (canonical feminine)
nāhī (nominative singular)
nāhī (accusative singular)
nāhī (genitive singular)
nāhī (dative singular)

Middle High German: næhe

Alemannic German: Näächi

German: Nähe

Hunsrik: Neh


hirso

Middle High German: hirse

German: Hirse

Yiddish: הירזש (hirzh)

From Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *hirsijô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to grow, nourish, feed”).


ubil

Middle High German: übel, *üvel (West Central German)

German: übel

Luxembourgish: iwwel

From Proto-West Germanic *ubil, see also Old Saxon uvil, Old English yfel, Gothic 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍃 (ubils).


ubili

ubilī (canonical feminine)
ubilī (nominative singular)
ubilī (nominative plural)
ubilī (accusative singular)
ubilī (accusative plural)
ubilī (genitive singular)
ubilino (genitive plural)
ubilī (dative singular)
ubilinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: übele, übel

(German: Übel)


winstar

From Proto-Germanic *winistraz, akin to Old Norse vinstri.


psalmo

German: Psalm

Borrowed from Latin psalmus, from Ancient Greek ψαλμός (psalmós).


wewo

Middle High German: wēwe

German: Weh


niz

German: Nisse

From Proto-West Germanic *hnitu, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱ(o)nid-.


wabo

wabo (nominative singular)
wabon (nominative plural)
wabun (nominative plural)
wabon (accusative singular)
wabun (accusative singular)
wabon (accusative plural)
wabun (accusative plural)
waben (genitive singular)
wabin (genitive singular)
wabōno (genitive plural)
waben (dative singular)
wabin (dative singular)
wabōm (dative plural)
wabōn (dative plural)

German: Wabe


regan

regan (nominative singular)
regana (nominative plural)
regan (accusative singular)
regana (accusative plural)
reganes (genitive singular)
regano (genitive plural)
regane (dative singular)
reganum (dative plural)
reganu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: rëgen

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: Raga

Italian Walser: regu, räge, rägä

Swabian: Räaga

Bavarian: Regn

Cimbrian: réego, regan, reng

Mòcheno: reng

Udinese: regn, rein

Central Franconian: Rään

Hunsrik: Rehn

Luxembourgish: Reen

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: reeng [ˈɣeːŋ]

Vilamovian: raan

German: Regen

desc

Rhine Franconian: Raje, Raane, Räje, Rääche, Rään, Rääne, Rääsche, Reche, Ree, Reen, Reesche, Reje, Resche, Riin

Frankfurterisch: Rääsche [ʀɛːʒ̥ə]

Pennsylvania German: Regge

Yiddish: רעגן (regn)

From Proto-West Germanic *regn, from Proto-Germanic *regną.


hirni

Middle High German: hirne, herne

Bavarian: Hirn

Cimbrian: hiarn

German: Hirn, ⇒ Gehirn

Luxembourgish: Hier, ⇒ Gehier

From Proto-West Germanic *hirʀnī, from Proto-Germanic *hirzniją (“brain”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”); see there for more.


sigu

sigu (nominative singular)
sigui (nominative plural)
sigu (accusative singular)
sigui (accusative plural)
sigues (genitive singular)
siguo (genitive plural)
sigue (dative singular)
siguim (dative plural)
siguen (dative plural)
siguu (instrumental singular)

German: Sieg

From Proto-West Germanic *sigʀ, from Proto-Germanic *segaz. Compare Old Saxon sigi, Old English siġe, sigor, Old Norse sigr, Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 (sigis).


kinni

Middle High German: kinne, kin

Alemannic German: Chimmi

German: Kinn

Luxembourgish: Kënn

Yiddish: קין (kin)


weihhi

German: Weiche


sneo

Middle High German: snē

Alemannic German: Schnee

Swabian: Schnéa, Schnéé

Italian Walser: schnee, schnei, schnia, schné, schnìj

Bavarian: Schnää, Schnèj, schnea, sghneab

Cimbrian: snea, snèa

Mòcheno: schnea

Central Franconian: Schnie

Hunsrik: Schnee

German: Schnee

Luxembourgish: Schnéi

Rhine Franconian: Schnäi, Schnee, Schnei, Schnie

Pennsylvania German: Schnee

Vilamovian: śnej

Yiddish: שניי (shney)

From Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz.


triuwa

triuwa (nominative singular)
triuwā (nominative plural)
triuwa (accusative singular)
triuwā (accusative plural)
triuwa (genitive singular)
triuwōno (genitive plural)
triuwu (dative singular)
triuwōm (dative plural)

Middle High German triuwe, triwe, trūwe (Middle German)

German: Treue; traun (particle "in truth, verily, truly" via the fixed phrase in triuwen)

Cognate with Old Saxon treuwa, Old English trēow, Gothic triggwa, from Proto-West Germanic *treuwu, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō (with ablaut variant: Old English trūwa, Old Norse trú).


raban

hraban (nominative singular)
hrabana (nominative plural)
hraban (accusative singular)
hrabana (accusative plural)
hrabanes (genitive singular)
hrabano (genitive plural)
hrabane (dative singular)
hrabanum (dative plural)
hrabanu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)

Alemannic German: Rapp

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Raab, Raaf

Luxembourgish: Ramm

German: Rabe

Rhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp

Frankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]

Yiddish: ראָב (rob)

From Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, whence also Old Saxon hravan, hraƀan, Old English hræfn, Old Dutch ravo, Old Norse hrafn. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.


quala

German: Qual


innana

Middle High German: innen

German: innen


hiruz

Middle High German: hirz

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: hirsch

Mòcheno: hirsch

desctree

German: Hirsch
→ Luxembourgish: Hirsch
→ North Frisian: hirsk
→ Plautdietsch: Hersch
→ Saterland Frisian: Hirsk

Luxembourgish: Hierz (archaic)

Yiddish: הירש (hirsh)

From Proto-Germanic *herutaz, whence also Old English heorot, Old Norse hjörtr.


falco

Middle High German: valke

German: Falke, Falk

Hunsrik: Fallek

Luxembourgish: Fallek

From Proto-West Germanic *falkō, from Proto-Germanic *falkô. See Latin falcō.


uzana

Middle High German: ūzen

German: außen


sporo

German: Sporn

From Proto-Germanic *spurô, whence also Old English spora, Old Norse spori.


diz

nominative/accusative neuter singular of dese


wahs

Middle High German: wahs

Cimbrian: baks

German: Wachs
→ Russian: вакса (vaksa)
→ Armenian: վաքս (vakʻs), վակս (vaks)
→ Persian: واکس (vâks)

Luxembourgish: Wuess

Yiddish: וואַקס (vaks)

From Proto-Germanic *wahsą, whence also Old Saxon wahs, Old English weax, Old Norse vax.


stilli

Middle High German: stille

German: still

Luxembourgish: stëll

Vilamovian: śtył

Yiddish: שטיל (shtil)

From Proto-West Germanic *stillī (“motionless, still, quiet”).


stilli

stillī (canonical feminine)
stillī (nominative singular)
stillī (accusative singular)
stillī (genitive singular)
stillī (dative singular)

desc

Alemannic German: Stili, Schtili, Stilli, Stilni


weizi

Middle High German: weize

Alemannic German: Weisse

Cimbrian: bòotze

German: Weizen

Hunsrik: Weize

Luxembourgish: Weess

Pennsylvania German: Weeze

Vilamovian: waas

Yiddish: ווייץ (veyts)

From Proto-West Germanic *hwaitī.
Compare Old Saxon hueti, Old English hwæte, Old Norse hveiti, Gothic 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍃 (ƕaiteis).


nidar

Middle High German: nider, neider

German: nieder

Hunsrik: nitter

Luxembourgish: nidder

Vilamovian: nejder

From Proto-Germanic *niþer, whence also Old English niþer, Old Norse niðr.


hintana

Middle High German: hinden

Cimbrian: hénten

German: hinten


nidana

Middle High German: niden, nidene

German: nieden (obsolete)

From Proto-Germanic *niþanē, whence also Old English neoþan, Old Norse neðan.


doret

Middle High German: dort

Bavarian: dortn, durtn

Cimbrian: dort, dor

Mòcheno: dert

German: dort

Yiddish: דאָרט (dort)

Compound of dor- from dār and -et, maybe from wert


hintar

Middle High German: hinter

Central Franconian: henger, henner (Moselle Franconian), honner, hönner (Eifel), hinger (Kölsch)

Cimbrian: hintare

German: hinter

Luxembourgish: hanner

Yiddish: הינטער (hinter)

From Proto-Germanic *hinder, akin to Old English hinder.


tuomen

Middle High German: tüemen

From Proto-West Germanic *dōmijan, akin to Old English dēman, Old Norse dæma.


wizzan

desctree

Middle High German: wizzen
Alemannic German: wüsse
Cimbrian: bizzan
Central Franconian: wesse, wösse, wosse (Eifel)
Hunsrik: wisse
Luxembourgish: wëssen
German: wissen
Vilamovian: wysa
Yiddish: וויסן (visn)

From Proto-West Germanic *witan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, whence also Old Dutch, Old Saxon, and Old English witan, Old Norse vita, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (witan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde, originally a perfect form of *weyd- (“see”).


obar

Middle High German: ober, over, uber

German: ober-

Yiddish: אייבער־ (eyber-)

From Proto-West Germanic *obar, from Proto-Germanic *uber.


situ

German: Sitte

Cognate with Old Norse siðr (whence Faroese siður, Danish sæd) and Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (sidus), from Proto-West Germanic *sidu.


zagal

German: Zagel

From Proto-Germanic *taglą, whence also Old English tæġl, Old Norse tagl.


strangi

Middle High German: strenge, strange

German: streng


strangi

strangī (canonical feminine)
strangī (nominative singular)
strangī (nominative plural)
strangī (accusative singular)
strangī (accusative plural)
strangī (genitive singular)
strangino (genitive plural)
strangī (dative singular)
stranginum (dative plural)

German: Strenge


bezzisto

Middle High German: bezzist

Alemannic German: bescht

Central Franconian: beste

Cimbrian: peste, péste (Sette Comuni)

German: beste

Luxembourgish: beschte

Yiddish: בעסט (best)

Superlative of bezziro, corresponding to Proto-Germanic *batistaz. Compare Old Saxon betst, Old English betest, Old Norse beztr, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (batists).


bezziro

Middle High German: bezzer

Central Franconian: besser

Cimbrian: péssor

German: besser

Luxembourgish: besser

Yiddish: בעסער (beser)

From Proto-West Germanic *batiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *batizô. Cognate with Old Saxon betiro, Old English betera, Dutch beter, Old Norse betri, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌶𐌰 (batiza).


wiso

wīso (canonical masculine)
wīso (nominative singular)
wīson (nominative plural)
wīsun (nominative plural)
wīson (accusative singular)
wīsun (accusative singular)
wīson (accusative plural)
wīsun (accusative plural)
wīsen (genitive singular)
wīsin (genitive singular)
wīsōno (genitive plural)
wīsen (dative singular)
wīsin (dative singular)
wīsōm (dative plural)
wīsōn (dative plural)


bano

bano (nominative singular)
banon (nominative plural)
banun (nominative plural)
banon (accusative singular)
banun (accusative singular)
banon (accusative plural)
banun (accusative plural)
banen (genitive singular)
banin (genitive singular)
banōno (genitive plural)
banen (dative singular)
banin (dative singular)
banōm (dative plural)
banōn (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô. Cognate with Old English bana, Old Norse Old Norse bani.


weralt

Middle High German: wërlt, wëlt
Alemannic German: Wält
Bavarian: Wejt, Wöd, Wölt
Central Franconian:
Transylvanian Saxon: Wält
German: Welt
Luxembourgish: Welt
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Welt
Vilamovian: wełt
Yiddish: וועלט (velt)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *weraldiz; surface analyzed as compound of wer (“man”) + alt (“time, age, old”) (hence “age of man”), latter short for altar.
Cognate to Old English weorold (English world),
Old Norse verǫld (Swedish värld), Old Saxon werold, Dutch wereld.


witu

Middle High German: wite

From Proto-West Germanic *widu, from Proto-Germanic *widuz, whence also Old Saxon widu, Old English wudu, Old Norse viðr.

Kronewet

Middle High German: kranewite; Transylvanian Saxon


wolo

Middle High German: wole

German: Wol, Wohl


hirti

hirti (nominative singular)
hirta (nominative plural)
hirti (accusative singular)
hirta (accusative plural)
hirtes (genitive singular)
hirto (genitive plural)
hirte (dative singular)
hirtim (dative plural)
hirtu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: hirte, hirt

Cimbrian: hiart

desc

German: Hirte, Hirt (both are roughly equally common)

Luxembourgish: Hiert

From Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz, whence also Old English hierde, Old Norse hirðir.


obana

Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven

Alemannic German: obe

Swabian: oba

Bavarian: obn, om, oum, uom

German: oben

Luxembourgish: uewen

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: owe

Rhine Franconian: owen, owe, uwe

Pennsylvania German: owwe

Vilamovian: uwa

Yiddish: אויבן (oybn)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *obanā, from Proto-Germanic *ubanē (“from above”).


blodi

From Proto-Germanic *blauþiz (“void, emaciated, soft”), whence also Old English blēaþ (“gentle, timid, peaceful, inactive”), Old Norse blauðr (“fearful, timid”).


krump

German: krumm

From Proto-West Germanic *krump, from Proto-Germanic *krumbaz.


dunni

Middle High German: dünne

Alemannic German: tünn, dünn

Swabian:

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: dünne

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: dinn

Luxembourgish: dënn

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: dynn

East Franconian:

German: dünn

Rhine Franconian: denn, dinn

Frankfurterisch: [d̥in]

Pennsylvania German:

Yiddish: דין (din)

From Proto-West Germanic *þunnī, from Proto-Germanic *þunnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ténh₂us (“thin”), whence also Old English þynne, Old Norse þunnr.


feizit

Middle High German: veizt

Cimbrian: bòas

German: feist


kuoli

desc

Middle High German: küele, küel, kůl, kule

Alemannic German: chüel

Alsatian: kiahl

Swabian: kiahl

Bavarian:

Hianzisch: kiahl

Central Franconian: köhl, kehl, kiehl

Hunsrik: kiel

Luxembourgish: kill

German: kühl

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: kihl, koil

Palatine German: kihl

Pennsylvania German: kiehl

Vilamovian: kīł

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kōl(ī), from Proto-Germanic *kōluz, whence also Old English cōl.


kuoli

kuolī (canonical feminine)
kuolī (nominative singular)
kuolī (accusative singular)
kuolī (genitive singular)
kuolī (dative singular)

Middle High German: chůle, küele, kůli

Alemannic German: Chüeli

Cimbrian: khüule

German: Kühle

Pennsylvania German: Kiehle

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kōlī; equivalent to kuoli (“cool”) + -ī.


fuhti

fūhtī (canonical feminine)
fūhtī (nominative singular)
fūhtī (nominative plural)
fūhtī (accusative singular)
fūhtī (accusative plural)
fūhtī (genitive singular)
fūhtino (genitive plural)
fūhtī (dative singular)
fūhtinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: viuhte

Alemannic German: Fiechti, Füechti

German: Feuchte


gilih

desc

Middle High German: gelīch, gelich, gelīche, glīch

Alemannic German: gliich, glich

Bavarian: glei

Cimbrian: galàiche

German: gleich

Hunsrik: gleich

Luxembourgish: gläich

Vilamovian: głajch

Yiddish: גלײַך (glaykh)

From Proto-West Germanic *galīk, from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz. Cognates include Old English ġelīc, Old Norse glíkr (elder form of líkr).


wenag

Middle High German: weinic, wēnec

Alemannic German: wänng

Swabian: weng

Central Franconian: winnig

German: wenig

Luxembourgish: wéineg

Yiddish: ווייניק (veynik)

From Proto-Germanic *wainagaz. Related to the verb weinōn.


noz

From Proto-West Germanic *naut, see also Old English nēat, Old Norse naut.


weih

Middle High German: weich

German: weich

Hunsrik: weuch

Luxembourgish: weech

Yiddish: ווייך (veykh)

From Proto-West Germanic *waikw, from Proto-Germanic *waikwaz, whence also Old English wāc.


wazzar

wazzar (nominative singular)
wazzar (nominative plural)
wazzar (accusative singular)
wazzar (accusative plural)
wazzares (genitive singular)
wazzaro (genitive plural)
wazzare (dative singular)
wazzarum (dative plural)
wazzaru (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: waȥȥer
Alemannic German: Wasser, Wâser
Alsatian: Wasser, Wâsser, Wàser
Italian Walser: wasser, wàsser
Bavarian: Wåsser, Wossa
Cimbrian: bassar, bazzar (Luserna, Tredici Comuni)
Gottscheerish: boßər, bàsser
Mòcheno: bòsser
Udinese: bosser, bosar, bòsser
Central Franconian: Wasser, Waßer
Hunsrik: Wasser
Luxembourgish: Waasser
Transylvanian Saxon: Wåsser, Wosser (Sibiu), Wauesser (Brașov)
East Central German:
Silesian East Central German: Woasser, Wosser, Wasser
Upper Saxon German: Wassor
German: Wasser
Unserdeutsch: Wasser
Rhine Franconian: Wasser
Hessian: Wassä
Pennsylvania German: Wasser
Vilamovian: wosser, woser
Yiddish: וואַסער (vaser)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Germanic *watōr
Proto-West Germanic *watar
Old High German wazzar
From Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wédōr, collective of *wódr̥.
See also Old Dutch and Old Saxon watar, Old English wæter, Old Frisian weter, Old Norse vatn.


saumari

Borrowed from Late Latin sagmarium or saumarium. Compare Italian somaro.


weinon

Middle High German: weinen

German: weinen

From Proto-Germanic *wainōną. Akin to Old English wānian and Old Norse veina.


taha

Middle High German: tāhe

German: Tach, Dache (dialectal)

From Proto-West Germanic *dāhwā. Akin to Old English *dawe, English daw.


scato

desc

Middle High German: schate, schatewe, schete, schade, schede

German: Schatten

Luxembourgish: Schiet

From Proto-West Germanic *skadu, whence also Old English sceadu.


zunga

zunga (nominative singular)
zungun (nominative plural)
zungūn (accusative singular)
zungun (accusative plural)
zungūn (genitive singular)
zungōno (genitive plural)
zungūn (dative singular)
zungōm (dative plural)
zungōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: zunge
Alemannic German: Zunge
Central Franconian: Zong
Cimbrian: zung
German: Zunge
Luxembourgish: Zong
Vilamovian: cung
Yiddish: צונג (tsung)

From Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.
Compare Old Saxon tunga, Old Dutch tunga, Old English tunge, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō) and Old Norse tunga (Icelandic tunga (“tongue”)).


sleht

German: schlecht, schlicht

Vilamovian: ślaht

Yiddish: שלעכט (shlekht)

From Proto-Germanic *slihtaz, whence also Old Norse sléttr.


slihti

slihtī (canonical feminine)
slihtī (nominative singular)
slihtī (accusative singular)
slihtī (genitive singular)
slihtī (dative singular)


nahisto

German: nächster

Yiddish: נעקסט (nekst)

Superlative of nāh, corresponding to Proto-Germanic *nēhwist (“nearest, closest”).


swangar

German: schwanger

Yiddish: שווענגערן (shvengern)

From Proto-West Germanic *swangr (“heavy”), further origin unknown; according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *sʷenk-, *sunk-, see also Lithuanian sunkus (“difficult, heavy, swollen”).


frao

From Proto-West Germanic *frauwjō, from Proto-Germanic *frawą, *frawjô (“lord”), whence also Old English frēa.


muodi

Middle High German: müede, muode

Alemannic German: müed

Bavarian: miad

desc

Central Franconian: möd, mööch, med, mied

Hunsrik: mied

Luxembourgish: midd

German: müde, müd

Rhine Franconian: miid

Pennsylvania German: mied

Yiddish: מיד (mid)


slango

desctree

Middle High German: slange
German: Schlange (see there for further descendants)
Central Franconian: Schlang
Hunsrik: Schlang
Luxembourgish: Schlaang
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Schlang
Yiddish: שלאַנג (shlang)
→ English: schlong


kuoni

Middle High German: küen, küene, küne

Alemannic German: chüe, chüen

German: kühn

Luxembourgish: kéng

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kōnī (“bold”), from Proto-Germanic *kōniz, whence also Old English cēne, Old Norse kœnn.


kuoni

kuonī (canonical feminine)
kuonī (nominative singular)
kuonī (nominative plural)
kuonī (accusative singular)
kuonī (accusative plural)
kuonī (genitive singular)
kuonino (genitive plural)
kuonī (dative singular)
kuoninum (dative plural)

Middle High German: küene

German: Kühne

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kōnī (“courage”), from Proto-Germanic *kōnį̄; equivalent to kuoni + -ī. Cognate to Old Norse *kœni (in lǫgkœni).


chalo

Middle High German: kal

German: kahl

From Proto-Germanic *kalwaz (“naked, bald”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”).
Cognate with Old Saxon kalo (“bald”), Middle Low German kāl, kāle (“bald”), Middle Dutch cāle, cālū (“bald”), Old English calu (“bald”), Old Frisian kale (“baldness”), Latin calvus (“bald”), Old Church Slavonic голъ (golŭ, “nude”), Russian го́лый (gólyj), Sanskrit कुल्व (kulva, “bald”), Persian کل (kal), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (kaᵘruua, “bald”).


toub

Middle High German: toup; doup, douf

Central Franconian: dauv, doov, daaf

Luxembourgish: daf

Hunsrik: daab

German: taub

Yiddish: טויב (toyb)

From Proto-West Germanic *daub, whence also Old English dēaf, Old Norse daufr.


adal

German: edel, adlig, adelig

Yiddish: איידל (eydl), אַדל (adl)

From Proto-Germanic *aþalaz. Cognate with Old English æþele.


adal

Middle High German: adel

German: Adel
→ Estonian: aadel

Yiddish: אַדל (adl)

From Proto-West Germanic *aþal. Cognate with Old Norse aðal (“nature, inborn disposition”).


gruoni

Middle High German: grüene

Alemannic German: grüen

Swabian: grea, grien

Walser: geriénts, grien, gréén, grün

desc

Bavarian: grian, gri͡an (alternative spelling, e.g. Styria), grean (most dialects), grien (Sappada, Sauris), grea

Apeltonerisch: gria

Cimbrian: gruan, grümma, grüun

Mòcheno: grea'

Central Franconian: jrön, green, grien

Hunsrik: grien

Luxembourgish: gréng

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: grin

East Franconian:

German: grün

Rhine Franconian: grie, grien, griene

Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀĩː]

Pennsylvania German: grie

Yiddish: גרין (grin)

From Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz, whence also Old Saxon groni, Old English grēne, Old Norse grœnn.


gruoni

gruonī (canonical feminine)
gruonī (nominative singular)
gruonī (nominative plural)
gruonī (accusative singular)
gruonī (accusative plural)
gruonī (genitive singular)
gruonino (genitive plural)
gruonī (dative singular)
gruoninum (dative plural)

Middle High German: grüene

German: Grüne


narro

narro (nominative singular)
narron (nominative plural)
narrun (nominative plural)
narron (accusative singular)
narrun (accusative singular)
narron (accusative plural)
narrun (accusative plural)
narren (genitive singular)
narrin (genitive singular)
narrōno (genitive plural)
narren (dative singular)
narrin (dative singular)
narrōm (dative plural)
narrōn (dative plural)

Middle High German: narre

Alemannic German: Narr

Bavarian: Noar (see there for further descendants)

German: Narr (see there for further descendants)

Pennsylvania German: Narr

Yiddish: נאַר (nar)


blint

blintēr (masculine nominative singular strong)

Middle High German: blint

German: blind

→ Esperanto: blinda

Luxembourgish: blann

Vilamovian: błynd

Yiddish: בלינד (blind)

From Proto-West Germanic *blind, whence also Old English blind, Old Norse blindr.


nackut

German: nackt

From Proto-Germanic *nakwadaz, whence also Old Dutch nakot, Old English nacod, Old Norse nǫkkviðr, nakinn, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸𐍃 (naqaþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“bare, naked”).


managi

managī (canonical feminine)
managī (nominative singular)
managī (nominative plural)
managī (accusative singular)
managī (accusative plural)
managī (genitive singular)
managino (genitive plural)
managī (dative singular)
managinum (dative plural)

desc

Middle High German: menege, mengi, menige

German: Menge

Rhine Franconian: Meng, Menge

Palatine German: Meng

Pennsylvania German: Meng

Vilamovian: meń

Yiddish: מענגע (menge)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *managī, from Proto-Germanic *managį̄, equivalent to manag (“many”) + -ī.


swar

desc

Middle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr

Alemannic German:

Swabian: schwär

Bavarian: schwar

German: schwer

Luxembourgish: schwéier

Vilamovian: świer

Yiddish: שווער (shver)

From Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz, whence also Old English swær, Old Norse svárr.


kleini

Middle High German: klein, kleine

Alemannic German: chlii, chly, chlei, klei, chli

Swabian: gloi

Vorarlbergerisch: klän, klen, kli, klin

Bavarian: klaa, kloa

Apeltonerisch: klua

Cimbrian: khlòan, khlumma (Luserna)

Mòcheno: khloa'n

Central Franconian: kleen

Hunsrik: kleen

Kölsch: klein

German: klein

Luxembourgish: kleng

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: klaan

Pennsylvania German: glee

Yiddish: קליין (kleyn)

From Proto-West Germanic *klainī (“brilliantly bright, fine, elegant”) (compare Old English clǣne), from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to stick, smudge”).


kleini

kleinī (canonical feminine)
kleinī (nominative singular)
kleinī (accusative singular)
kleinī (genitive singular)
kleinī (dative singular)

Middle High German: kleine

German: Kleine


bloz

Middle High German: blōz

desc

Alemannic German: bloos, blooss, blöiß (Einsiedeln)

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: blus

German: bloß

Luxembourgish: blouss

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: blooss

Yiddish: בלויז (bloyz)

→ Occitan: blos, blous (“pure, empty, bare”)

⇒ Occitan: lano blouso (“pure or short wool”)

→ French: blousse (“scraps of wool”)

⇒? French: blouse (“a workman's or peasant's smock”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: *blotiāre (from Lombardic *blōt)

Medieval Latin: bluttāre

From Proto-West Germanic *blaut, from Proto-Germanic *blautaz (“void, soft, emaciated”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlaw- (“frightened, weak”). Cognate with Old English blēat (“poor, miserable, naked”), Old Norse blautr (“weak, timid, afraid”).


zweinzug

Middle High German: zweinzec, zweinzic

Alemannic German: zwenzig

desc

Cimbrian: sbòanskh, zbuantzekh (Luserna)

German: zwanzig

Luxembourgish: zwanzeg

Yiddish: צוואַנציק (tsvantsik), צוואָנציק (tsvontsik)

From an earlier *tweintug, from Proto-Germanic *twai tigiwiz, *twaintigaz. Compare Old Saxon, Old Frisian, and Old English twentig, Old Norse tuttugu. Corresponds to a compound of zwein- from zwēne and -zug.


dicchi

Middle High German: dicke, dic

Central Franconian: deck

Cimbrian: dikh, dikhe (Luserna)

German: dick

Hunsrik: dick

Luxembourgish: déck

Pennsylvania German: dick

Yiddish: דיק (dik)

From Proto-West Germanic *þikkwī, whence also Old English þicce, Old Norse þykkr.


dicchi

dicchī (canonical feminine)
dicchī (nominative singular)
dicchī (accusative singular)
dicchī (genitive singular)
dicchī (dative singular)

Middle High German: dicke

Alemannic German: Dicki

German: Dicke


zuiski

German: zwischen (from the phrase in zwiskēn)

From Proto-Germanic *twiskaz (“twofold, double”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwís (“twice, doubly; in two”). See also Old English betweonum, composed of be- (“by, near”) + twēonum (“the two”, dative plural noun) (compare the numeral Old High German zwēne).


toldo

Middle High German: tolde

German: Dolde

Apparently related to tola (“grape stalk”), which Kluge compares to Ancient Greek θόλος (thólos, “dome”), θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom, sprout”).


rifi

From Proto-West Germanic *rīpī, from Proto-Germanic *rīpiz, akin to Old English rīpe.


grao

Middle High German: grā

Alemannic German: graaw

Bavarian: grau

Gottscheerish: grūb

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: grau

Luxembourgish: gro

East Central German:

Vilamovian: graoj

East Franconian:

German: grau

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀoː], (newer, from about 1925) [kʀau]

Pennsylvania German: gro

Yiddish: גראָ (gro), גרוי (groy)

From Proto-West Germanic *grāu, see also Old English græġ, Old Norse grár.


manag

Middle High German: manec, manic, menic

Alemannic German: meng

desc

Central Franconian: mannich, männich (older Ripuarian variant)

German: mannig (in compounds), manch

Luxembourgish: munch

From Proto-West Germanic *manag, whence also Old English maniġ.


zehan

Middle High German: zehen

Central Franconian: zehn

Cimbrian: sègane, zene (Luserna)

German: zehn

Luxembourgish: zéng

Yiddish: צען (tsen)

From an earlier *tehan, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, whence also Old English tīen, Old Norse tíu. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ (“ten”).


zwelif

Middle High German: zwelef, zwelf

Central Franconian: zwällef, zwellef (alternative spelling), zwöllef (Ripuarian variant from standard German)

Cimbrian: sbölbe

German: zwölf

Luxembourgish: zwielef

Vilamovian: cwełf

Yiddish: צוועלף (tsvelf)

From Proto-Germanic *twalif. Compare Old Saxon twelif, Old English twelf, Old Norse tólf.


ernust

→ Czech: Arnošt

Middle High German: ërnest, ërnst

Alemannic German: Èèrnscht, Ärnscht

German: Ernst

→ English: Ernst, Ernest

Luxembourgish: Eescht

From Proto-Germanic *ernustuz, whence also Old English eornost.


werra

Middle High German: wërre

German: Wirre

⇒ Old High German: werran

Middle High German: werren, wirren

German: wirren

⇒ Old High German: giwerri

Middle High German: gewërre

German: Gewirre, Gewirr

⇒ Old High German: werrisal

Middle High German: *werrsal, *wirrsal

German: Wirrsal

From Proto-West Germanic *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).


wini

Middle High German: wine, win

From Proto-West Germanic *wini, from Proto-Germanic *winiz, whence also Old Dutch wini, Old Saxon wini, Old English wine, Old Norse vinr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to seek, desire, love, win”).


blao

Middle High German: blā

Alemannic German: blaaw

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: plabe

Gottscheerish: blūb

Central Franconian: bloo, blau

Hunsrik: blau

Luxembourgish: blo

German: blau

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: bloh

Vilamovian: błöw

Yiddish: בלאָ (blo), בלוי (bloy)

→ Spanish: blao

From Proto-West Germanic *blāu, from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz, whence also Old English blāw, Old Norse blár.


sibun

desc

Middle High German: siben, siven, seben, suben, söben

Alemannic German: sibe, sibä, siebë, siibe

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: zibane, sibane (Luserna)

Mòcheno: sim

Central Franconian: sibbe, sivve (Moselle Franconian, westernmost and easternmost Ripuarian)

Hunsrik: sieve

Luxembourgish: siwen

East Central German:

Vilamovian: zejwa

East Franconian:

German: sieben

Rhine Franconian: siewe, siwwe

Pennsylvania German: siwwe

Yiddish: זיבן (zibn)

From Proto-West Germanic *sebun, whence also Old English seofon, Old Norse sjau.


argi

argī (canonical feminine)
argī (nominative singular)
argī (accusative singular)
argī (genitive singular)
argī (dative singular)

Middle High German: erge

Alemannic German: Ärgi


gisunt

Middle High German: gesunt

Bavarian: gsund

Cimbrian: gazùnt, gesunt (Luserna)

Central Franconian: gesond, jesond, jesonk (Ripuarian)

German: gesund

Hunsrik: gesund

Luxembourgish: gesond

Yiddish: געזונט (gezunt)

From Proto-West Germanic *gasund, whence also Old English ġesund. Compare Dutch gezond, and Swedish sund.


sant

Middle High German: sant; sampt, sambt

German: Sand

Luxembourgish: Sand

Vilamovian: zaond

Yiddish: זאַמד (zamd)

From Proto-West Germanic *samd, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, whence also Old Saxon sand, Old Dutch sant, Old English sand, Old Norse sandr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos.


eban

Middle High German: eben

Alemannic German: ëben

Cimbrian: ébane

German: eben

From Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz, whence also Old Saxon eƀan, Old English efn, Old Norse jafn, Gothic 𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃 (ibns).


duruh

Middle High German: durch

German: durch

Yiddish: דורך (durkh)

From Proto-Germanic *þurhw, whence also Old English þurh.


widar

Middle High German: wider

Alemannic German: widda, wedär

Central Franconian: widder

Cimbrian: bidar

German: wider, wieder

Yiddish: ווידער (vider)


widar

German: Widder

Yiddish: ווידער (vider)


einlif

Middle High German: einlif, einlef, eilif, eilef, eilf

Alemannic German: eintlef, einlef

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: ölbe

Central Franconian: ellef

German: elf

Luxembourgish: eelef

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: elf

Vilamovian: alf

Yiddish: עלף (elf)

From Proto-Germanic *ainalif, a compound of *ainaz and *-lif. Compare Old Saxon ellevan, Old English endleofan, Old Frisian andlova, Old Norse ellifu.


ebani

ebanī (canonical feminine)
ebanī (nominative singular)
ebanī (nominative plural)
ebanī (accusative singular)
ebanī (accusative plural)
ebanī (genitive singular)
ebanino (genitive plural)
ebanī (dative singular)
ebaninum (dative plural)

Middle High German: ebene

Alemannic German: Ëbni

German: Ebene


fimf

Middle High German: vinf, vünf

Alemannic German: foif, föif, füüf, fünf

Alsatian: fénef, fänef, feenef

Swabian: finf

Bavarian: finf

Cimbrian: vünve, bümbe (Mezzaselva)

Mòcheno: vinf

Central Franconian: fönnef, fennef, fief

Hunsrik: finnef

East Central German: fönff

German: fünf

Luxembourgish: fënnef

Pennsylvania German: fimf

Vilamovian: fynf

Yiddish: פֿינף (finf)

From Proto-West Germanic *fimf, whence also Old English fīf, Old Norse fimm.


niun

Middle High German: niun

Alemannic German: nüün, nin, nine

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: nòine, noüne (Luserna)

Mòcheno: nai'n

German: neun

Luxembourgish: néng

Yiddish: נײַן (nayn)

From Proto-West Germanic *neun (see also Old English niġon, Old Norse níu).


dese

Middle High German:

German: dieser

Cimbrian: diiza, disa (Luserna)

From Proto-Germanic *þat, whence also Old English þes.


filu

From Proto-West Germanic *felu, from Proto-Germanic *felu, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-.
Cognate with Old Saxon filu, Old Frisian felo, Old English feolo, Old Norse fjǫl- (Icelandic fjöl-), Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu).


filu

Middle High German: vil, vile

Alemannic German: viel

Swabian: viel

Bavarian: vui, vei, vii

Cimbrian: vil, viil, biil (Sette Comuni)

Viennese: vü

German: viel

Luxembourgish: vill

Yiddish: פֿיל (fil)


reht

Middle High German: rëht

Alemannic German: Rëcht

Central Franconian: rääch, räht, räät (western Ripuarian, parts of western Moselle Franconian), reht, reet, reecht (other parts of Moselle Franconian), räächt (eastern Moselle Franconian)

German: recht, Recht

Hunsrik: richt

Luxembourgish: riets, riicht, Recht (influenced by German)

Vilamovian: racht

Yiddish: רעכט (rekht)

From Proto-West Germanic *reht, whence also Old English riht, Old Norse réttr.


saro

saro (nominative singular)
saro (nominative plural)
saro (accusative singular)
saro (accusative plural)
sarwes (genitive singular)
sarwo (genitive plural)
sarwe (dative singular)
sarwum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sarwą, from Proto-Indo-European *serw- (“to guard”) or *ser- (“to bind together”). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰 (sarwa, “weapons, armour”), Old English searu (“gear, armour”), Old Norse sǫrvi (“sword”).


biben

bibēn (canonical)
bibēn (infinitive)
bibēm (first-person present singular)
bibēn (first-person present singular)
bibēta (first-person past singular)
bibēs (present second-person singular)
bibēst (present second-person singular)
bibētōs (past second-person singular)
bibētōst (past second-person singular)
bibēt (present singular third-person)
bibēta (past singular third-person)
bibēm (first-person plural present)
bibēmēs (first-person plural present)
bibētum (first-person past plural)
bibētumēs (first-person past plural)
bibēt (plural present second-person)
bibētut (past plural second-person)
bibēnt (plural present third-person)
bibētun (past plural third-person)
bibe (first-person present singular)
bibēti (first-person past singular)
bibētīs (past second-person singular)
bibētīst (past second-person singular)
bibe (present singular third-person)
bibēti (past singular third-person)
bibētīm (first-person past plural)
bibētīmēs (first-person past plural)
bibētīt (past plural second-person)
bibēn (plural present third-person)
bibētīn (past plural third-person)
bibe (present singular)
bibēt (plural present)
bibēnti (present)
gibibēt (past)

Middle High German: biben

Cimbrian: böoban

German: beben (influenced by Middle Low German beven)

Luxembourgish: biewen


laz

From Proto-West Germanic *lat, see also Old English læt, Old Norse latr.


bittar

German: bitter

Yiddish: ביטער (biter)


baldi

baldī (canonical feminine)
baldī (nominative singular)
baldī (accusative singular)
baldī (genitive singular)
baldī (dative singular)

Middle High German: belde

(German: in Bälde)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *baldī, from Proto-Germanic *balþį̄; equivalent to bald (“bold, quick”) + -ī.


kalti

kaltī (canonical feminine)
kaltī (nominative singular)
kaltī (accusative singular)
kaltī (genitive singular)
kaltī (dative singular)

Middle High German: kelte

Alemannic German: Chälti, Chelti

Central Franconian: Käll

Cimbrian: khélte

German: Kälte

Luxembourgish: Keelt

Vilamovian: kełt

From Proto-West Germanic *kaldī, equivalent to kalt (“cold”) + -ī.


dusunt

Middle High German: tūsent

Cimbrian: tauzing, tausankh (Luserna)

Central Franconian: dausend, duusend

German: tausend

Luxembourgish: dausend

Vilamovian: taojzyt, tauzyt, toüzyt

Yiddish: טויזנט (toyznt)

From Proto-West Germanic *þūsundi, from Proto-Germanic *þūsundī.Cognate with Old English þūsend and Old Dutch thūsunt.


sehs

Middle High German: sehs

desc

Alemannic German: sächs, saks (Uri), säks (southern Bern, Graubünden), säksch (Valais), säks, säksch

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: zèkse, sèkse (Luserna)

Mòcheno: secks

Central Franconian: sechs, sähs (Ripuarian)

Hunsrik: sechs

Luxembourgish: sechs

East Central German:

Vilamovian: zachs

East Franconian:

German: sechs

Rhine Franconian: sechs

Frankfurterisch: [z̥εks]

Pennsylvania German: sechs

Yiddish: זעקס (zeks)

From Proto-West Germanic *sehs, whence also Old English six, Old Norse sex.


fuoz

fuoz (nominative singular)
fuozi (nominative plural)
fuoz (accusative singular)
fuozi (accusative plural)
fuozes (genitive singular)
fuozo (genitive plural)
fuoze (dative singular)
fuozim (dative plural)
fuozen (dative plural)
fuozu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: fuoz, vuoz
Alemannic German: Fuas
Bavarian: Fuaß
Cimbrian: vuus, buus, vuaz
Gottscheerish: vúəs
Mòcheno: vuas
Central Franconian: Foß, Fuß
Hunsrik: Fus
Kölsch: Fooß
Luxembourgish: Fouss
German: Fuß
Rhine Franconian: Fuss, Fuß
Frankfurterisch: Fuß – [fuːs], (older) [fois]
Pennsylvania German: Fuuss
Swabian: Fuaß
Vilamovian: füs
Yiddish: פֿוס (fus)


biogan

biogan (infinitive)
biugu (first-person present singular)
biugo (first-person present singular)
boug (first-person past singular)
biugis (present second-person singular)
biugist (present second-person singular)
bugi (past second-person singular)
biugit (present singular third-person)
boug (past singular third-person)
biogem (first-person plural present)
biogemēs (first-person plural present)
bugum (first-person past plural)
bugumēs (first-person past plural)
bioget (plural present second-person)
bugut (past plural second-person)
biogant (plural present third-person)
bugun (past plural third-person)
bioge (first-person present singular)
bugi (first-person past singular)
biogēs (present second-person singular)
biogēst (present second-person singular)
bugīs (past second-person singular)
bugīst (past second-person singular)
bioge (present singular third-person)
bugi (past singular third-person)
biogēm (first-person plural present)
bugīm (first-person past plural)
bugīmēs (first-person past plural)
biogēt (plural present second-person)
bugīt (past plural second-person)
biogēn (plural present third-person)
bugīn (past plural third-person)
biug (present singular)
bioget (plural present)
bioganti (present)
gibogan (past)

Middle High German: biegen

German: biegen

Luxembourgish: béien

From Proto-West Germanic *beugan, from Proto-Germanic *beuganą. Cognate with Old English būgan.


bizan

bīzan (canonical)
bīzan (infinitive)
bīzu (first-person present singular)
bīzo (first-person present singular)
beiz (first-person past singular)
bīzis (present second-person singular)
bīzist (present second-person singular)
bizzi (past second-person singular)
bīzit (present singular third-person)
beiz (past singular third-person)
bīzem (first-person plural present)
bīzemēs (first-person plural present)
bizzum (first-person past plural)
bizzumēs (first-person past plural)
bīzet (plural present second-person)
bizzut (past plural second-person)
bīzant (plural present third-person)
bizzun (past plural third-person)
bīze (first-person present singular)
bizzi (first-person past singular)
bīzēs (present second-person singular)
bīzēst (present second-person singular)
bizzīs (past second-person singular)
bizzīst (past second-person singular)
bīze (present singular third-person)
bizzi (past singular third-person)
bīzēm (first-person plural present)
bizzīm (first-person past plural)
bizzīmēs (first-person past plural)
bīzēt (plural present second-person)
bizzīt (past plural second-person)
bīzēn (plural present third-person)
bizzīn (past plural third-person)
bīz (present singular)
bīzet (plural present)
bīzanti (present)
gibizzan (past)

Middle High German: bīszen

German: beißen

From Proto-West Germanic *bītan, whence also Old English bītan and Old Norse bíta, Gothic 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).


badon

badōn (canonical)
badōn (infinitive)
badōm (first-person present singular)
badōn (first-person present singular)
badōta (first-person past singular)
badōs (present second-person singular)
badōst (present second-person singular)
badōtōs (past second-person singular)
badōtōst (past second-person singular)
badōt (present singular third-person)
badōta (past singular third-person)
badōm (first-person plural present)
badōmēs (first-person plural present)
badōtum (first-person past plural)
badōtumēs (first-person past plural)
badōt (plural present second-person)
badōtut (past plural second-person)
badōnt (plural present third-person)
badōtun (past plural third-person)
bado (first-person present singular)
badōti (first-person past singular)
badōtīs (past second-person singular)
bado (present singular third-person)
badōti (past singular third-person)
badōtīm (first-person past plural)
badōtīmēs (first-person past plural)
badōtīt (past plural second-person)
badōn (plural present third-person)
badōtīn (past plural third-person)
bado (present singular)
badōt (plural present)
badōnti (present)
gibadōt (past)

Middle High German: baden

Central Franconian: bade, boade

Hunsrik: baade

Luxembourgish: bueden

German: baden

Yiddish: באָדן (bodn)

From Proto-West Germanic *baþōn, whence also Old English baþian, Old Norse baða.


liht

Middle High German: līht

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: leicht

Luxembourgish: liicht

East Central German:

Vilamovian: łajcht

German: leicht

Rhine Franconian: läicht, leicht, licht

Frankfurterisch: [laiʃt]

Pennsylvania German: leicht

Yiddish: לײַכט (laykht)

From Proto-West Germanic *lį̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz (whence also Old English lēoht, Old Norse léttr), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-.


zwene

zwēne (canonical)
zwō (feminine)
zwei (neuter)

desctree

Middle High German: zwēne m, zwō f, zwei n
Alemannic German: zwei, zwe, zwo, zwöi, zwee, zwa, zwoi, zwea, zwuo
Bavarian: zwoa, zwo
Cimbrian:
Luserna: zboa
Sette Comuni: sbéen m or n, sbòa f
Mòcheno: zboa
Central Franconian: zwei, zwien (archaic masculine form), zwo, zwu (archaic feminine form)
Hunsrik: zweu
Luxembourgish: zwéin m, zwou f, zwee n
East Franconian: zwej
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: zwee
German: zwei, (rarer) zwo, (obsolete) zween
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: zwee
Pennsylvania German: zwee
Vilamovian: cwē
Yiddish: צוויי (tsvey)

From Proto-West Germanic *twai-, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


brehhan

brehhan (infinitive)
brihhu (first-person present singular)
brihho (first-person present singular)
brah (first-person past singular)
brihhis (present second-person singular)
brihhist (present second-person singular)
brāhhi (past second-person singular)
brihhit (present singular third-person)
brah (past singular third-person)
brehhem (first-person plural present)
brehhemēs (first-person plural present)
brāhhum (first-person past plural)
brāhhumēs (first-person past plural)
brehhet (plural present second-person)
brāhhut (past plural second-person)
brehhant (plural present third-person)
brāhhun (past plural third-person)
brehhe (first-person present singular)
brāhhi (first-person past singular)
brehhēs (present second-person singular)
brehhēst (present second-person singular)
brāhhīs (past second-person singular)
brāhhīst (past second-person singular)
brehhe (present singular third-person)
brāhhi (past singular third-person)
brehhēm (first-person plural present)
brāhhīm (first-person past plural)
brāhhīmēs (first-person past plural)
brehhēt (plural present second-person)
brāhhīt (past plural second-person)
brehhēn (plural present third-person)
brāhhīn (past plural third-person)
brih (present singular)
brehhet (plural present)
brehhanti (present)
gibrohhan (past)

Middle High German: brëchen

German: brechen

Luxembourgish: briechen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: breche

Yiddish: ברעכן (brekhn)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: brachen (“to plow”)

⇒ Middle High German: brāchōt (“June”, literally “time of plowing”)

Alemannic German: Broochet

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: praachot

Mòcheno: prochet

German: Brachet

From Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, whence also Old Saxon brekan, Old English brecan, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.


furi

Middle High German: vür

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: büar

Mòcheno: ver

Central Franconian: für, vür (fully merged)

German: für

Luxembourgish: fir

Upper Saxon German: for

Yiddish: פֿאַר (far)

From Proto-West Germanic *furi, see also Old English for, Old Norse fyrir.


uf

Middle High German: ūf

Alemannic German: uf, ufe

Bavarian: aaf, auf

Cimbrian: af

German: auf

Vilamovian: u̇f

Yiddish: אויף (oyf)

Old Rhine Franconian: uf

Middle Rhine Franconian: uf

Rhine Franconian: uff, off

Pennsylvania German: uff

Hunsrik: uff

Old Central Franconian: *up

Middle Central Franconian: up

Central Franconian: op

Kölsch: op


dihton

Middle High German: tihten, *dihten

German: dichten


wanga

wanga (nominative singular)
wangun (nominative plural)
wanga (accusative singular)
wangun (accusative plural)
wangen (genitive singular)
wangin (genitive singular)
wangōno (genitive plural)
wangen (dative singular)
wangin (dative singular)
wangōm (dative plural)
wangōn (dative plural)

German: Wange

From Proto-Germanic *wangô. Compare Old Saxon wanga (“cheek”), Old English wange, Old Norse vangi (“cheek, temple”), Gothic *𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍉 (*waggō), Italian guancia (“cheek”).


zuo

Middle High German: zuo

Cimbrian: zo

East Central German: zu

German: zu

Luxembourgish: zou, zu

Vilamovian: cy

Yiddish: צו (tsu)

From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, whence also Old English tō.

ca. 825 ,Tatian, Diatessaron, translation, Chapter 3,
Quad thō Maria zi themo engile...


fior

Middle High German: vier

Alemannic German: vier

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: viare

Mòcheno: viar

Central Franconian: vier

Hunsrik: fier

German: vier

Luxembourgish: véier

Pennsylvania German: vier

Vilamovian: fiyr

Yiddish: פֿיר (fir)

From Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, whence also Old Saxon fiuwar, Old English fēower, Old Norse fjórir. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres.


umbi

Middle High German: umbe, ump, ümbe, üm

Alemannic German: ume, umme

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: umme

Mòcheno: um

Central Franconian: öm, em

Luxembourgish: ëm

German: um, (umb, üm, ümb)

Yiddish: אום (um)

From Proto-West Germanic *umbi; cognate with Old English ymbe, (Middle English umbe), Old Norse um.


bachan

From Proto-West Germanic *bakan, see also Old English bacan, Old Norse baka.


engi

Middle High German: enge

Cimbrian: énghe

German: eng

Hunsrik: eng

Luxembourgish: enk

Rhine Franconian: eng (Frankfurt)

Yiddish: ענג (eng)

From Proto-West Germanic *angī, whence also Old English enge, Old Norse ǫngr.


engi

engī (canonical feminine)
engī (nominative singular)
engī (accusative singular)
engī (genitive singular)
engī (dative singular)

Middle High German: enge

Alemannic German: Engi

German: Enge


biotan

biotan (infinitive)
biutu (first-person present singular)
biuto (first-person present singular)
bōt (first-person past singular)
biutis (present second-person singular)
biutist (present second-person singular)
buti (past second-person singular)
biutit (present singular third-person)
bōt (past singular third-person)
biotem (first-person plural present)
biotemēs (first-person plural present)
butum (first-person past plural)
butumēs (first-person past plural)
biotet (plural present second-person)
butut (past plural second-person)
biotant (plural present third-person)
butun (past plural third-person)
biote (first-person present singular)
buti (first-person past singular)
biotēs (present second-person singular)
biotēst (present second-person singular)
butīs (past second-person singular)
butīst (past second-person singular)
biote (present singular third-person)
buti (past singular third-person)
biotēm (first-person plural present)
butīm (first-person past plural)
butīmēs (first-person past plural)
biotēt (plural present second-person)
butīt (past plural second-person)
biotēn (plural present third-person)
butīn (past plural third-person)
biut (present singular)
biotet (plural present)
biotanti (present)
gibotan (past)

German: bieten

From Proto-West Germanic *beudan, akin to Old Saxon biodan, Old English bēodan, Old Norse bjóða, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (anabiudan).


eigan

Middle High German: eigen

Central Franconian: eeje

German: eigen

From Proto-West Germanic *aigan, akin to Old English āgen, æġen, Old Norse eiginn.


eigan

German: Eigen


dreskan

dreskan (infinitive)
drisku (first-person present singular)
drisko (first-person present singular)
drask (first-person past singular)
driskis (present second-person singular)
driskist (present second-person singular)
druski (past second-person singular)
driskit (present singular third-person)
drask (past singular third-person)
dreskem (first-person plural present)
dreskemēs (first-person plural present)
druskum (first-person past plural)
druskumēs (first-person past plural)
dresket (plural present second-person)
druskut (past plural second-person)
dreskant (plural present third-person)
druskun (past plural third-person)
dreske (first-person present singular)
druski (first-person past singular)
dreskēs (present second-person singular)
dreskēst (present second-person singular)
druskīs (past second-person singular)
druskīst (past second-person singular)
dreske (present singular third-person)
druski (past singular third-person)
dreskēm (first-person plural present)
druskīm (first-person past plural)
druskīmēs (first-person past plural)
dreskēt (plural present second-person)
druskīt (past plural second-person)
dreskēn (plural present third-person)
druskīn (past plural third-person)
drisk (present singular)
dresket (plural present)
dreskanti (present)
gidruskan (past)

Middle High German: dreschen

German: dreschen

From Proto-Germanic *þreskaną, akin to Old English þrescan, Old Norse þreskja, Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan).


ezzih

Middle High German: ezzich, ezzech, ezzeich, ezzec

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: éssag, ezza (Luserna)

Mòcheno: ezza

German: Essig

Hunsrik: Essich

Luxembourgish: Esseg

Vilamovian: essig

Yiddish: עסיק (esik)

From Proto-West Germanic *atek, metathesized variant of *aket.


durri

Middle High German: durre, dürre

Cimbrian: dórre

German: dürr

Luxembourgish: dier

Vilamovian: dyrr

From Proto-West Germanic *þurʀī, from Proto-Germanic *þursuz, akin to Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃 (þaursus), Old Norse þurr, Icelandic þurr, Old English þyrre.


durri

durrī (canonical feminine)
durrī (nominative singular)
durrī (nominative plural)
durrī (accusative singular)
durrī (accusative plural)
durrī (genitive singular)
durrino (genitive plural)
durrī (dative singular)
durrinum (dative plural)

Middle High German: dürre

Alemannic German: Düri, Dürri

Cimbrian: dörre

German: Dürre


salig

desctree

Middle High German: sælic
German: selig
Luxembourgish: séileg
Silesian East Central German: salig (Gebirgsschlesisch); sälig; selig (Breslauisch)
⇒ Silesian East Central German: glücksälig (also Breslauisch)


fuht

From Proto-West Germanic *fų̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *funhtijaz.


biginnan

biginnan (infinitive)
biginnu (first-person present singular)
biginno (first-person present singular)
bigan (first-person past singular)
bigonta (first-person past singular)
bigonda (first-person past singular)
biginnis (present second-person singular)
biginnist (present second-person singular)
bigunni (past second-person singular)
biginnit (present singular third-person)
bigan (past singular third-person)
bigonta (past singular third-person)
bigonda (past singular third-person)
biginnem (first-person plural present)
biginnemēs (first-person plural present)
bigunnum (first-person past plural)
bigunnumēs (first-person past plural)
biginnet (plural present second-person)
bigunnut (past plural second-person)
biginnant (plural present third-person)
bigunnun (past plural third-person)
biginne (first-person present singular)
bigunni (first-person past singular)
biginnēs (present second-person singular)
biginnēst (present second-person singular)
bigunnīs (past second-person singular)
bigunnīst (past second-person singular)
biginne (present singular third-person)
bigunni (past singular third-person)
biginnēm (first-person plural present)
bigunnīm (first-person past plural)
bigunnīmēs (first-person past plural)
biginnēt (plural present second-person)
bigunnīt (past plural second-person)
biginnēn (plural present third-person)
bigunnīn (past plural third-person)
bigin (present singular)
biginnet (plural present)
biginnanti (present)
bigunnan (past)

Middle High German: beginnen

German: beginnen

From Proto-West Germanic *biginnan, whence also Old Saxon and Old Dutch biginnan and Old English beginnan.