turn

turn (nominative singular)
turna (nominative plural)
turn (accusative singular)
turna (accusative plural)
turnes (genitive singular)
turno (genitive plural)
turne (dative singular)
turnum (dative plural)
turnu (instrumental singular)
turn (nominative singular)
turni (nominative plural)
turn (accusative singular)
turni (accusative plural)
turnes (genitive singular)
turno (genitive plural)
turne (dative singular)
turnim (dative plural)
turnen (dative plural)
turnu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Middle High German: turn, turm, tuorn, torn, torm
Alemannic German: Durm, Tuure
Bavarian: Tuam
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Torrem
Luxembourgish: Tur
German: Turm (see there for further descendants)
Yiddish: טורעם (turem)
→ Polish: turma

Borrowed from Old French tor, from Latin turris, borrowed from Ancient Greek τύρσις (túrsis).


scuola

scuola (nominative singular)
scuolā (nominative plural)
scuola (accusative singular)
scuolā (accusative plural)
scuola (genitive singular)
scuolōno (genitive plural)
scuolu (dative singular)
scuolōm (dative plural)
skuola (alternative)

desctree

Middle High German: schuole, schuol, schūle, schœle
Alemannic German: Schuel, Schuäl, Schuël
Italian Walser: schiöl, schul, schuel, schuol, schööl
Swabian: Schual
Bavarian: schual, schuele, schuile, Schui, Schul (Southern Bavarian)
Cimbrian: schual
Mòcheno: schual
Central Franconian: Schull, Schol (southernmost Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Schul
Luxembourgish: Schoul
German: Schule
→ Lower Sorbian: šula
→ Silesian: szula
→ Slovene: šola
→ Swahili: shule
→ Yiddish: שולע (shule)
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Schul
Yiddish: שול (shul)
→ English: shul
→ Spanish: shul
→ Latvian: skola
→ Old Polish: szkoła (see there for further descendants)


missa

missa (nominative singular)
missā (nominative plural)
missa (accusative singular)
missā (accusative plural)
missa (genitive singular)
missōno (genitive plural)
missu (dative singular)
missōm (dative plural)
messa (alternative)

Middle High German: messe, misse
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Mess
German: Messe

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin missa, from Latin missiō, from mittō + -tiō.


fenstar

desctree

Middle High German: venster n or f, fenster
Alemannic German: Pfeister, Pfäischter, Feister, Fäischter, Pfenster
Swabian: Fenschdr, Feaschter
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: béestar
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Fenster
Luxembourgish: Fënster
East Central German:
Erzgebirgisch: Fansder
Upper Saxon German: Fensdor
Vilamovian: faonster
East Franconian:
German: Fenster
→ English: fenster
→ North Frisian: Fenster
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurterisch: [fenz̥d̥æ̆]
Palatine German: Fenschder
Pennsylvania German: Fenschder
Yiddish: פֿענצטער (fentster)

finestra (alternative)
fenestra (alternative)


pfilari

pfīlāri (canonical masculine)
pfīlāri (nominative singular)
pfīlāra (nominative plural)
pfīlāri (accusative singular)
pfīlāra (accusative plural)
pfīlāres (genitive singular)
pfīlāro (genitive plural)
pfīlāre (dative singular)
pfīlārim (dative plural)
pfīlāru (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: pfīlære, pfīler

German: Pfeiler


trahho

trahho (nominative singular)
trahhon (nominative plural)
trahhun (nominative plural)
trahhon (accusative singular)
trahhun (accusative singular)
trahhon (accusative plural)
trahhun (accusative plural)
trahhen (genitive singular)
trahhin (genitive singular)
trahhōno (genitive plural)
trahhen (dative singular)
trahhin (dative singular)
trahhōm (dative plural)
trahhōn (dative plural)
tracho (alternative)
trakko (alternative)
tracko (alternative)

Middle High German: trache

Alemannic German: Traach

Bavarian: Drack

German: Drache

Luxembourgish: Draach

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Drach

Vilamovian: draoch


pfaffo

pfaffo (nominative singular)
pfaffon (nominative plural)
pfaffun (nominative plural)
pfaffon (accusative singular)
pfaffun (accusative singular)
pfaffon (accusative plural)
pfaffun (accusative plural)
pfaffen (genitive singular)
pfaffin (genitive singular)
pfaffōno (genitive plural)
pfaffen (dative singular)
pfaffin (dative singular)
pfaffōm (dative plural)
pfaffōn (dative plural)
phaffo (alternative)
phapho (alternative)

Middle High German: pfaffe

German: Pfaffe

An early borrowing from Gothic 𐍀𐌰𐍀𐌰 (papa) demonstrating the effects of the High German consonant shift, from Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas).


brugga

Middle High German: brucke, brücke, brügge, brugge
Alemannic German: Brugg
Bavarian: Bruck, Brugg
Central Franconian: Bröck, Breck (Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Brick
Luxembourgish: Bréck
East Central German: Brick
German: Brücke
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Brick
Vilamovian: bryk
Yiddish: בריק (brik)

From Proto-West Germanic *bruggju, from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.


ferah

ferah (nominative singular)
feraha (nominative plural)
ferah (accusative singular)
feraha (accusative plural)
ferahes (genitive singular)
feraho (genitive plural)
ferahe (dative singular)
ferahum (dative plural)
ferahu (instrumental singular)
ferah (nominative singular)
ferah (nominative plural)
ferah (accusative singular)
ferah (accusative plural)
ferahes (genitive singular)
feraho (genitive plural)
ferahe (dative singular)
ferahum (dative plural)
ferahu (instrumental singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *ferh, from Proto-Germanic *ferhuz.


zella

zella (nominative singular)
zellā (nominative plural)
zella (accusative singular)
zellā (accusative plural)
zella (genitive singular)
zellōno (genitive plural)
zellu (dative singular)
zellōm (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: zelle, celle
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Zell
Luxembourgish: Zell
German: Zelle, Celle (obsolete)
→ Polish: cela

Borrowed from Latin cella, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-.


Wodan

Wōdan (canonical masculine)
ᚹᛟᛞᚨᚾ (alternative)
Uuodan (alternative)
Wuotan (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *Wōdanaz. Cognate with Old English Wōden, Lombardic Godan, Old Norse Óðinn.

ᛚᛟᚷᚨᚦᛟᚱᛖ
ᚹᛟᛞᚨᚾ
ᚹᛁᚷᛁᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱ
logaþore
wodan
wigiþonar
Sorcerers (?)
Wodan
Battle-Donar (?)

phol ende uuodan / uuorun zi holza.

9th century, Second Merseburg charm, line 5

Phol and Wodan were riding to the woods.

The supreme deity of the Germanic pantheon, coresponding to the Scandinavian god Odin


engil

desctree

Middle High German: engel
Alemannic German: Ängel, Ängu
Swabian: Engele
Bavarian: Engl
Cimbrian: énghel
German: Engel
→? Yiddish: ענגעל (engel)
Luxembourgish: Engel
→ Latvian: eņģelis

ca. 825,Tatian, Diatessaron translation, Chapter 3,
Quad thō Maria zi themo engile...


Balder

du uuart demo Balderes uuolon sin uuoz birenkit

c. 9th-10th c, Unknown author, Second Merseburg Charm:

and the foot of Balder's foal was sprained


Donar

Donar (nominative singular)
Donara (nominative plural)
Donar (accusative singular)
Donara (accusative plural)
Donares (genitive singular)
Donaro (genitive plural)
Donare (dative singular)
Donarum (dative plural)
Donaru (instrumental singular)

→ German: Donar (learned)

→ Dutch: Donar (learned)

From Proto-Germanic *Þunraz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂-. Cognate with Old English Þunor, Old Norse Þórr.


Friia

Friia (nominative singular)
Friiā (nominative plural)
Friia (accusative singular)
Friiā (accusative plural)
Friia (genitive singular)
Friiōno (genitive plural)
Friiu (dative singular)
Friiōm (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *Frīju, from Proto-Germanic *Frijjō. Cognate with Lombardic Frea, Old English Frīġ, Old Norse Frigg.

800s, Anonymous, Second Merseburg Charm
thu biguol en Friia, Uuolla era suister
then yet Friia conjured it, Volla's sister

Frigg, a major Germanic goddess and the wife of Odin.


satanas

satanās (canonical masculine)
satanās (nominative singular)
satanāsa (nominative plural)
satanās (accusative singular)
satanāsa (accusative plural)
satanāses (genitive singular)
satanāso (genitive plural)
satanāse (dative singular)
satanāsum (dative plural)
satanāsu (instrumental singular)


bluozhus

bluozhūs (canonical neuter)
bluozhūs (nominative singular)
bluozhūs (nominative plural)
bluozhūs (accusative singular)
bluozhūs (accusative plural)
bluozhūses (genitive singular)
bluozhūso (genitive plural)
bluozhūse (dative singular)
bluozhūsum (dative plural)
bluozhūsu (instrumental singular)

*bluoz (“(pagan) offering”) + hūs (“house”), equivalent to Old Norse blóthús (“sacrificial building”). First element from Proto-Germanic *blōtą, whence also Old Norse blót (“pagan feast; offering”).


Phol

Phol ende uuodan / uuorun zi holza.

10th century, Second Merseburg charm, line 5


Wigidonar

Wigidonar (nominative singular)
Wigidonara (nominative plural)
Wigidonar (accusative singular)
Wigidonara (accusative plural)
Wigidonares (genitive singular)
Wigidonaro (genitive plural)
Wigidonare (dative singular)
Wigidonarum (dative plural)
Wigidonaru (instrumental singular)
ᚹᛁᚷᛁᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱ (alternative)

The interpretation of the element wigi- is disputed and may represent a form related to Proto-Germanic *wīgą (“battle”), *wīhaz (“sacred”), Old Norse Vingþórr or something else. The second element is Donar, representing Proto-Germanic *Þunraz.

ᛚᛟᚷᚨᚦᛟᚱᛖ
ᚹᛟᛞᚨᚾ
ᚹᛁᚷᛁᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱ
logaþore
wodan
wigiþonar
Sorcerers/Lóðurr (?)
Wodan
Battle-Donar (?)

(hapax) a name of Donar, the god of thunder


Hiltibrant

desc

German: Hildebrand, Hildebrandt, Hildebrant

From Proto-Germanic *Hildibrandaz, equivalent to hilt (“battle, fight”) + brant (“sword”), ultimately from *hildiz and *brandaz. Cognate with Old Norse Hildibrandr, French Childebrand (from Frankish).

compound

a male given name, and the protagonist of the eponymous Hildebrandslied


irmingot

From irmin- (“great, strong”) + got (“God”).

(Christianity) great God; a divine epithet


muspilli

mūspilli (canonical neuter)
mūspilli (nominative singular)
mūspilli (nominative plural)
mūspilli (accusative singular)
mūspilli (accusative plural)
mūspilles (genitive singular)
mūspillo (genitive plural)
mūspille (dative singular)
mūspillim (dative plural)
mūspillu (instrumental singular)

The ultimate origin is disputed, but one suggestion includes Latin mundus (“world”) + Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną (“to kill, ruin, murder”), thus meaning "destruction of the world." More at Muspilli.
Compare Old Saxon mūdspelli, Old Norse Muspell.

der

9th century, Muspilli, line 57

then no kinsman there can help another before the muspilli.

dar ni mac denne mak andremo / helfan uora demo muspille

(hapax, poetic) judgment day or apocalypse (exact meaning unclear)


warspello

wārspello (canonical masculine)
wārspello (nominative singular)
wārspellon (nominative plural)
wārspellun (nominative plural)
wārspellon (accusative singular)
wārspellun (accusative singular)
wārspellon (accusative plural)
wārspellun (accusative plural)
wārspellen (genitive singular)
wārspellin (genitive singular)
wārspellōno (genitive plural)
wārspellen (dative singular)
wārspellin (dative singular)
wārspellōm (dative plural)
wārspellōn (dative plural)

From wār (“true”) + *spello (“teller”), from Proto-Germanic *spellô.


Hadubrant

From Proto-Germanic *Haþubrandaz, equivalent to hadu- (“war, battle”) + brant (“fire, torch, (poetically) sword”) from Proto-West Germanic *brand.

af

a male given name, and a protagonist of the Hildebrandslied


Otacher

Ōtacher (canonical masculine)
Ōtacher (nominative singular)
Ōtachra (nominative plural)
Ōtacher (accusative singular)
Ōtachra (accusative plural)
Ōtachres (genitive singular)
Ōtachro (genitive plural)
Ōtachre (dative singular)
Ōtachrum (dative plural)
Ōtachru (instrumental singular)
*Ōtakar (alternative)
*Ōtachar (alternative)
Aotakchar (alternative)

Middle High German: Otakar, Ottokar

German: Otakar, Ottokar

→ Czech: Otakar

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *Audawakraz. Or, if Latin Odoacer is not from that same source, this may also be a loan from Latin or from whatever source Odoacer originates (or at least influenced by it). The attested forms of this word are not entirely what would be expected from an Old High German reflex of *Audawakraz; one would rather expect something like *Otwacchar or *Ōtwahhar. However, Old High German spelling varied greatly and there are many irregularities found in the spellings of given names, so the absence of e.g. the -w- is not strong evidence that this is not simply a reflex of *Audawakraz (compare *Auziwandilaz and Old High German Orentil, which similarly lacks the -w- of its etymon.)

Odoacer (historical and legendary barbarian ruler)


sinhiwun

sinhīwun (canonical neuter)
sinhīwa (nominative singular)
sinhīwun (nominative plural)
sinhīwa (accusative singular)
sinhīwun (accusative plural)
sinhīwen (genitive singular)
sinhīwin (genitive singular)
sinhīwōno (genitive plural)
sinhīwen (dative singular)
sinhīwin (dative singular)
sinhīwōm (dative plural)
sinhīwōn (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic [Term?]; equivalent to sin- (“eternal”) + hīwun (“family, married couple”). Compare Old Saxon sinhīwun, Old Frisian sinhīgen, Old English sinhīwscipe.


Frea

From Proto-West Germanic *Frīju, from Proto-Germanic *Frijjō. Cognate with Old High German Friia, Old English Frīġ, Old Norse Frigg.

(Lombardic) Frigg, a major Germanic goddess and the wife of Odin.


skopf

skopf (nominative singular)
skopfa (nominative plural)
skopf (accusative singular)
skopfa (accusative plural)
skopfes (genitive singular)
skopfo (genitive plural)
skopfe (dative singular)
skopfum (dative plural)
skopfu (instrumental singular)
scoph (alternative)

Middle High German: schopf, schof

From Proto-West Germanic *skop, from Proto-Germanic *skupą. Cognate with Old English sċop.


fronotag

frōnotag (canonical masculine)
frōnotag (nominative singular)
frōnotaga (nominative plural)
frōnotag (accusative singular)
frōnotaga (accusative plural)
frōnotages (genitive singular)
frōnotago (genitive plural)
frōnotage (dative singular)
frōnotagum (dative plural)
frōnotagu (instrumental singular)
frontag (alternative)

From frōno (“of the Lord, lordly”) + tag (“day”), thus literally the 'day of the lord'.


fiurgot

fiurgot (nominative singular)
fiurgota (nominative plural)
fiurgot (accusative singular)
fiurgota (accusative plural)
fiurgotes (genitive singular)
fiurgoto (genitive plural)
fiurgote (dative singular)
fiurgotum (dative plural)
fiurgotu (instrumental singular)


wolbo

wolbo (nominative singular)
wolbon (nominative plural)
wolbun (nominative plural)
wolbon (accusative singular)
wolbun (accusative singular)
wolbon (accusative plural)
wolbun (accusative plural)
wolben (genitive singular)
wolbin (genitive singular)
wolbōno (genitive plural)
wolben (dative singular)
wolbin (dative singular)
wolbōm (dative plural)
wolbōn (dative plural)


weraltfuristo

weraltfuristo (nominative singular)
weraltfuriston (nominative plural)
weraltfuristun (nominative plural)
weraltfuriston (accusative singular)
weraltfuristun (accusative singular)
weraltfuriston (accusative plural)
weraltfuristun (accusative plural)
weraltfuristen (genitive singular)
weraltfuristin (genitive singular)
weraltfuristōno (genitive plural)
weraltfuristen (dative singular)
weraltfuristin (dative singular)
weraltfuristōm (dative plural)
weraltfuristōn (dative plural)


weraltheriro

weralthēriro (canonical masculine)
weralthēriro (nominative singular)
weralthēriron (nominative plural)
weralthērirun (nominative plural)
weralthēriron (accusative singular)
weralthērirun (accusative singular)
weralthēriron (accusative plural)
weralthērirun (accusative plural)
weralthēriren (genitive singular)
weralthēririn (genitive singular)
weralthērirōno (genitive plural)
weralthēriren (dative singular)
weralthēririn (dative singular)
weralthērirōm (dative plural)
weralthērirōn (dative plural)
weraltherro (alternative)


Godan

From Proto-Germanic *Wōdanaz. Cognate with Old English Wōden, Old Saxon Wōdan, Old High German Wuotan, Old Norse Óðinn.