non

Fala: non

Galician: non

Portuguese: não

From Latin nōn (“no”), from Old Latin noenum, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”) + *óynos (“one”).

ſi ou non

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 84 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/194small.gif] facsimile])


mal

Fala: mal

Galician: mal

Portuguese: mal (see there for further descendants)


u

Galician: u

Portuguese: u (obsolete)

13th century, Vindel manuscript, Martín Codax, Mia irmana fremosa, treides comigo (facsimile)

Lovely sister, come willingly / To the church in Vigo, where the sea is up, / And we will gaze at the waves.

Mia irmana fremoſa treides de grado / ala ygreia de uigo u e o mar leuado / E miraremos las ondas.

pelo camino que vay peraa devesa de valadares asy como vay o porto do rrio u pasan os carros

1264, E. Portela Silva, editor, La región del obispado de Tuy en los siglos XII a XV, Santiago: Tip. El Eco Franciscano, page 364:

by the road that goes to the wood of Valadares as it goes by the ford of the river where the carts cross


agora

Fala: agora

Galician: agora

Portuguese: agora (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Latin hāc hōrā. Cognate with Old Spanish agora.

13th century, Cancioneiro da Ajuda, Estêvão Travanca, A 185: Pois m'en'tal coita ten Amor (facsimile)


ar

Portuguese: er

& ar ſẽ (com)panneira u a de(us) (con)cebiſte
and also without equal when you conceived God

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 90 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/204small.gif] facsimile])

na obra que leyxara / por fazer ar começou

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 274 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/493small.gif] facsimile])

(He) started working again on his unfinished work


ei

Portuguese: ei, eis

eimeaca eimaca
«ei-me aca; ei-m'aca!»

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 147 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/285.gif] facsimile])


antes

Galician: antes

Portuguese: antes

[…] mas aquelle / Almocadem nunqua falou palaura, antes meteo as maos de sob sua aljuba, que trazia, e a contenenca m̃ triste, e os olhos, baixos contra a aterra sospirando muito amiude se leixou estar acerqua de duas horas, sem nunca dar nehuã reposta a cousa que lhe preguntassem.

1450, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, “Como o Autor falla nas grandes diuisoẽs que atuia antre os mouros da cidade, e das cousas q̃ acontecerom no outro anno passado” (chapter Lviij), in Cronica de tomada da Cidade de Cepta por Elrey dom Joaõ o primº, pages 123v–124r:

But that Almocadem never said a word; earlier he put his hands beneath his jubbah, which he was bringing, and he has a very sad appearance: the eyes [looking] down on the earth; sighing very often; around two hours he ceased standing, without ever giving any response to whatever they asked him.


logo

Fala: logu

Galician: logo

Portuguese: logo

Inherited from Latin locō (“in the place of, instead of, for”, ablative), from Latin stlocus from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place, locate”).

der

e logo chegar..a alma tomar demões q̇ a leuarõ. mui toſte ſẽ tardar

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 26 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/099.html] facsimile])

and soon devils arrived, seizing the soul, and took it very quickly without delay


ora

Inherited from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “time, season, year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).

[O]s ollos uerdes que eu ui / me façen ora andar aſſi.

13th century, João Garcia de Guilhade, Cancioneiro da Ajuda, page A 229: Amigos, non poss'eu negar:

The green eyes which I have seen / have made me now be like this.


sempre

Fala: sempris

Galician: sempre

Portuguese: sempre

From Latin semper. Compare Italian sempre, Spanish siempre.


nom

14th-15th centuries, O Livro de Exopo, A rã e o boi

Mother, don't do it, because you are a very small thing compared to this ox.

Madre, nom faças, ca tu es muy pequena cousa a rrespeyto d’este boy.


cras

Galician: crás (archaic)

Portuguese: crás (archaic)

con tigo non comerei out[ra] vez / ſe cras mige cõ meu p[adre] non quiſeres yr iãntar.

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 353 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/631small.gif] facsimile])

I shall not eat with you again unless you will go to dine with me and my Father tomorrow.


allur

Portuguese: alhur

Portuguese: alhures

Unknown. Likely from Latin aliorsum, maybe via Old Occitan.

⁊ eles lle reſponderon / atal allur a catade.

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 335 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/599.gif] facsimile])

And they answered him: / go seek her elsewhere.


nen

Nen ela outroſſi anos de nõ pode Se deus Maiude dizer q̇ nõ rogue de coraçõ

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 30 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/105.html] facsimile])

Not even she can’t tell us, if God helps me, that one shouldn’t beg heartily

not even (introduces an emphatic negation or exclusion)


certamente

Um tal home sei que preto sente / de si morte certamente

13th-14th centuries, Denis of Portugal (lyrics and music), “Un tal ome sei eu, ai ben-talhada”:


toste

Portuguese: toste

From Italian tosto, from Latin tostus (“parched”), past participle of torreō (“I parch”).


preto

Galician: preto

Portuguese: perto

From earlier *apreto, from apretar, from Late Latin appectorāre, from Latin pectus (“chest”).

[…] que pã nõ comeu nẽ bocado nen beueu agua nẽ uỹo ata que preto de Silve foi quando aluzeçia.

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 325 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/579.html] facsimile])

[…] that she didn’t eat bread nor morsel, neither drank water nor wine until she was near Silves during sunrise.


primeiro

Inherited from Latin prīmārius (“one of the first”), from prīmus (“first”).


mui

Fala: mui

Galician: moi

Portuguese: mui

Apocope of muito, from Latin multus (“very”).


agor'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of agora.


eire

1525-1526, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Juião Bolseiro, B 1166: Da noite d'eire poderan fazer (facsimile)

And yesterday when I laid me down, alone, the night came and wore slowly on.

E poys meu eyre sẽlheira deitey / A noyte foy e uẽo e durou


oge

Fala: hoixhi, hoixi

desc

Galician: hoxe, hoi, hox (regional), hoje (reintegrationist)

Mirandese: hoije

desctree

Portuguese: hoje, hj (abbreviation, Internet slang), oje (obsolete), hoge (obsolete)
Kabuverdianu: ochi, oji, oxi
Macanese: hoze
Papiamentu: awe, awé

From Latin hodiē (“today”), from hōc + diē. Compare Old Spanish oy.

Deſoge mais quereu trobar. pola ſennor onrrada

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 1 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/054.gif] facsimile])

From today on I wish to sing only to my honoured Lady


chus

Galician: chus

Portuguese: chus

Inherited from Latin plūs (“more”), from Old Latin *plous, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“many”). Eventually displaced by mais.

tres mouroſ q̇ entṙã / chus negroſ q̇ Satanaſ / no Caſtelo os de dentro / os fezeron en caer.

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 185 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/343.html] facsimile])

three Moors who entered / blacker (more black) than Satan / in the Castle, the ones inside / made them fall.


nemigalla

Galician: nimigalla

Portuguese: nemigalha

From nen (“not even”) + *migalla (“crumb”); literally: not even a crumb.

⁊ por aqueſta Razon leuou o Padre ſeu fillo por non ſaber nemigalla

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 178 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/333.html] facsimile])

And for this reason the father took his son away, so he wouldn’t know anything.


u outra ren non jaz

[…] u pod auer aſſaz. de coita ⁊ daffan ⁊ poiſ morte u outra ren non jaz

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 5 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/065.html] facsimile])

[…] , where she can have much suffering and torment, and then surely death.

(idiomatic) surely; for sure; definitely


sobejo

Galician: sobexo

Portuguese: sobejo

Uncertain. Probably from Old Spanish sobejo, from Vulgar Latin *superculum.


nenllur

Galician: ningures

Portuguese: nenhur

Portuguese: nenhures

[…] mais ſei eu que nẽllur / achar nona podedes / quant o breton artur / ca eu a ui na nuue / ſobir eme chamou.

a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 419 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/020.gif] facsimile])

[…] but I know that you can find her nowhere; any more than you can find the Breton Arthur, because I saw her ascending on a cloud and she spoke to me.


oonte

Galician: onte

Portuguese: ontem (see there for further descendants)

→ Mirandese: onte

From *aõite, from earlier *anoite, from Latin ad noctem (“at night”), from nox (“night”) or hac noctem. Cognate with Old Spanish anoche and Old French anuit.

Oonte ao ſeraã

13th century, Pero Garcia Burgalês, Maria negra desventuirada; republished as Angelo Colocci, compiler, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Italy, c. 1525–1526, cantiga 1384:


juso

Inherited from Late Latin iūsum~iōsum, from Latin deorsum.


migo

Galician: comigo

Portuguese: comigo

While you're talking with me, do tell, whether you're well, if someone has given you news ...

13th century, Amiga, muit'ha que non sei Enquanto falades migo, dizede, se vos venha ben, se vos disse novas alguén [...]


enton

Galician: entón

Portuguese: então


outra mente

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin alterā mente.


cruamente

Galician: cruamente

Portuguese: cruamente


en boa ora

Literally, “in good time”.
Compare Old Spanish en hora buena and Middle French à la bonne heure.

1423, Pero Ferrandes de Seaba, [Vida e fala dos devanceiros]; republished as chapter 73, in Xesús Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros: escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, 1967, →OCLC, page 120:

Because he said that he didn't kill Gonzalo Fernández, and that if this Gonzalo Fernández was dead, it was his own fault, as committed de facto and de jure, first calling him villain, assfucked, horned, private lover, traitor dog, and other affronts and terrible insults, and wanting to kill him inside the house of the aforementioned Xoán Fernández, hitting him first with drawn sword and cutting the clothes he was wearing, the latter defending himself and telling him to go away.


emboora

Galician: embora

Portuguese: embora

Os outros todauya aperfiarõ com elle que nõ quisesse fazer ally mayor deteẽça pois seu perigoo era tam conhecido que seguisse emboora sua vyajẽ

1453, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, chapter XXVII, in Cronica dos feitos notavees que se passarom na conquista de Guinee; republished as Torquato de Souza Soares, editor, volume I, Lisbon: Academia Portuguesa de História, 1978, page 117:

[…]mandou a Cotus que se fosse emboora[…]

a. 1466, anonymous translator, Suetonyo de vida de Julio Cesar, translation of Faits des Romains; republished as chapter 18, in Maria Helena Mira Mateus, editor, Vida e feitos de Júlio César, volume 2, Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1970, line 35: