grief

fro-noun

grief oblique singular, m (oblique plural griés, nominative singular griés, nominative plural grief)

grief oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
griés (oblique plural)
griés (nominative singular)
grief (nominative plural)

French: grief

→ Middle Dutch: grief

Dutch: grief

→ Middle English: greef, gref

English: grief

From Early Medieval Latin grevem, alteration of Latin gravem.


grief

head

grief m (oblique and nominative feminine singular grieve)

grieve (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: grief (archaic, literary)

Mult ai le quer gref e marri.

late 12th century, anonymous author, “La Folie de Tristan d'Oxford”, in Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 386, line 552:


guise

fro-noun

guise oblique singular, f (oblique plural guises, nominative singular guise, nominative plural guises)

guise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guises (oblique plural)
guise (nominative singular)
guises (nominative plural)

English: guise

French: guise

Biaus sire, quant vos an tel guise
An blanc chainse et an sa chemise
Ma cosine an volez mener,
Un autre don li vuel doner

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

Good sir, when you in such a way
In a white tunic and in her shirt
Want to take my cousin
I want to give her another gift


hostage

hostage oblique singular, m (oblique plural hostages, nominative singular hostages, nominative plural hostage)

hostage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hostages (oblique plural)
hostages (nominative singular)
hostage (nominative plural)

→ English: hostage

French: otage


inspiration

inspiration oblique singular, f (oblique plural inspirations, nominative singular inspiration, nominative plural inspirations)

inspiration oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
inspirations (oblique plural)
inspiration (nominative singular)
inspirations (nominative plural)

→ English: inspiration

French: inspiration

Borrowed from Late Latin inspirationem (nominative: inspiratio), from Latin inspiratus (past participle of inspīrō).


lame

lame oblique singular, f (oblique plural lames, nominative singular lame, nominative plural lames)

lame oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lames (oblique plural)
lame (nominative singular)
lames (nominative plural)


lard

lard oblique singular, m (oblique plural larz or lartz, nominative singular larz or lartz, nominative plural lard)

lard oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
larz (oblique plural)
lartz (oblique plural)
larz (nominative singular)
lartz (nominative singular)
lard (nominative plural)

French: lard

desctree

→ Middle English: lard, larde
English: lard
Scots: lair, laird (obsolete)

From Latin lardum, laridum (“bacon fat”).


mangonel

fro-noun

mangonel oblique singular, m (oblique plural mangoneaus or mangoneax or mangoniaus or mangoniax or mangonels, nominative singular mangoneaus or mangoneax or mangoniaus or mangoniax or mangonels, nominative plural mangonel)

mangonel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mangoneaus (oblique plural)
mangoneax (oblique plural)
mangoniaus (oblique plural)
mangoniax (oblique plural)
mangonels (oblique plural)
mangoneaus (nominative singular)
mangoneax (nominative singular)
mangoniaus (nominative singular)
mangoniax (nominative singular)
mangonels (nominative singular)
mangonel (nominative plural)


mention

mention oblique singular, f (oblique plural mentions, nominative singular mention, nominative plural mentions)

mention oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mentions (oblique plural)
mention (nominative singular)
mentions (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin mentiōnis, mentiōnis.


official

official oblique singular, m (oblique plural officiaus or officiax or officials, nominative singular officiaus or officiax or officials, nominative plural official)

official oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
officiaus (oblique plural)
officiax (oblique plural)
officials (oblique plural)
officiaus (nominative singular)
officiax (nominative singular)
officials (nominative singular)
official (nominative plural)


official

head

official m (oblique and nominative feminine singular officiale)

officiale (feminine nominative oblique singular)

desctree

→ Middle English: official, officiale, offycyal, offyciall, officiall, offecialle
English: official
Scots: offeecial

French: officiel

tumeur c’est maladie officiale

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 182 of this essay:

official; certified or permitted by an authoritative source


prise

fro-noun

prise oblique singular, f (oblique plural prises, nominative singular prise, nominative plural prises)

prise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
prises (oblique plural)
prise (nominative singular)
prises (nominative plural)

Middle French: prinse

French: prise


resemblance

resemblance oblique singular, f (oblique plural resemblances, nominative singular resemblance, nominative plural resemblances)

resemblance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
resemblances (oblique plural)
resemblance (nominative singular)
resemblances (nominative plural)

similarity (taken as a whole, the qualities than make two or more things similar)


route

route oblique singular, f (oblique plural routes, nominative singular route, nominative plural routes)

route oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
routes (oblique plural)
route (nominative singular)
routes (nominative plural)


site

site oblique singular, m (oblique plural sites, nominative singular sites, nominative plural site)

site oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sites (oblique plural)
sites (nominative singular)
site (nominative plural)

→ English: site

French: site


subside

English: subsidy

French: subside


suite

suite oblique singular, f (oblique plural suites, nominative singular suite, nominative plural suites)

suite oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
suites (oblique plural)
suite (nominative singular)
suites (nominative plural)

French: suite

→ English: suite

Spanish: suite

desctree

→ Middle English: sute, sewte, sywete, suite, suyt, sewt, sywte, sywyte, swte, seute, sewht, soyte, sut, suet
English: suit
Scots: suit, soot
→ Welsh: siwt

From metathesis of earlier siute, sieute from Vulgar Latin *sequita, (instead of classical secūta), as the feminine past participle of *sequere, from Latin sequor, sequi.


vile

fro-noun

vile oblique singular, f (oblique plural viles, nominative singular vile, nominative plural viles)

vile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
viles (oblique plural)
vile (nominative singular)
viles (nominative plural)

French: ville

Ele est la fors en cele vile

12th or 13th Century, author unknown, La Damme qui fist trois Tours:


tanner

tanner (infinitive)
avoir tanné (infinitive multiword-construction)
en tannant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
tannant (participle present)
tanné (participle past)
tan (first-person indicative present singular)
tannes (indicative present second-person singular)
tanne (indicative present singular third-person)
tannons (first-person indicative plural present)
tannez (indicative plural present second-person)
tannent (indicative plural present third-person)
tannoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tanneie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tannoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tanneve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tannoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tanneies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tannoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tanneves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tannoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tanneit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tannot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tanneve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tanniiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
tanniens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
tanniiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
tanniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
tannoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tanneient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tannoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tannevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tannai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
tannas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
tanna (indicative preterite singular third-person)
tannames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
tannastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
tannerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
tannerai (first-person future indicative singular)
tanneras (future indicative second-person singular)
tannera (future indicative singular third-person)
tannerons (first-person future indicative plural)
tanneroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
tannereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
tannerez (future indicative plural second-person)
tanneront (future indicative plural third-person)
tanneroie (conditional first-person singular)
tannereie (conditional first-person singular)
tanneroies (conditional second-person singular)
tannereies (conditional second-person singular)
tanneroit (conditional singular third-person)
tannereit (conditional singular third-person)
tanneriiens (conditional first-person plural)
tanneriens (conditional first-person plural)
tanneriiez (conditional plural second-person)
tanneriez (conditional plural second-person)
tanneroient (conditional plural third-person)
tannereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
tan (first-person present singular subjunctive)
tans (present second-person singular subjunctive)
tant (present singular subjunctive third-person)
tannons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
tannez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
tannent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
tannasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
tannasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
tannast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
tannissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tannissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tannissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tannissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tannissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tannassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
tanne (imperative second-person singular)
tannons (first-person imperative plural)
tannez (imperative plural second-person)


tart

head

tart m (oblique and nominative feminine singular tarde)

tarde (feminine nominative oblique singular)


tart

French: tard


traitor

fro-noun

traitor oblique singular, m (oblique plural traitors, nominative singular traitre, nominative plural traitor)

traitor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
traitors (oblique plural)
traitre (nominative singular)
traitor (nominative plural)

French: traître

Norman: traître (Jersey)

Walloon: traite

desctree

→ Middle English: traytour, traitour, traitor
English: traitor
→ Middle Irish: trétúir
Irish: tréatúir

Adaptation of Latin trāditor, trāditorem.

Ne croire pas ce traïtor.

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:


trenchant

head

trenchant m (oblique and nominative feminine singular trenchant or trenchante)

trenchant (feminine nominative oblique singular)
trenchante (feminine nominative oblique singular)
trenchanz (masculine singular subjective)
trenchant (feminine singular subjective)
trenchante (feminine singular subjective)
trenchant (neuter singular subjective)
trenchant (masculine oblique singular)
trenchant (feminine oblique singular)
trenchante (feminine oblique singular)
trenchant (neuter oblique singular)
trenchant (oblique singular)
trenchante (oblique singular)
trenchant (masculine plural subjective)
trenchanz (feminine plural subjective)
trenchantes (feminine plural subjective)
trenchant (neuter plural subjective)
trenchant (plural subjective)
trenchanz (masculine oblique plural)
trenchanz (feminine oblique plural)
trenchantes (feminine oblique plural)
trenchant (neuter oblique plural)
trenchanz (oblique plural)
trenchantes (oblique plural)
trenchant (oblique plural)


vassal

fro-noun

vassal oblique singular, m (oblique plural vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative singular vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative plural vassal)

vassal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vassaus (oblique plural)
vassax (oblique plural)
vassals (oblique plural)
vassaus (nominative singular)
vassax (nominative singular)
vassals (nominative singular)
vassal (nominative plural)

French: vassal

Norman: vassa (Jersey)

desctree

→ Middle English: vassal, vassall
English: vassal
Yola: vassale


waster

waster (infinitive)
aveir wasté (infinitive multiword-construction)
en wastant (gerund)
gerund of aveir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
wastant (participle present)
wasté (participle past)
wast (first-person indicative present singular)
wastes (indicative present second-person singular)
waste (indicative present singular third-person)
wastons (first-person indicative plural present)
wastez (indicative plural present second-person)
wastent (indicative plural present third-person)
wasteie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wastoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wasteve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wasteies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wastoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wasteves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wasteit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wastot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wasteve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wastiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
wastiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
wastiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
wastiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
wasteient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wastoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wastevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wastai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
wastas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
wasta (indicative preterite singular third-person)
wastames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
wastastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
wasterent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
wasterai (first-person future indicative singular)
wasteras (future indicative second-person singular)
wastera (future indicative singular third-person)
wasterons (first-person future indicative plural)
wastereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
wasterez (future indicative plural second-person)
wasteront (future indicative plural third-person)
wastereie (conditional first-person singular)
wastereies (conditional second-person singular)
wastereit (conditional singular third-person)
wasteriiens (conditional first-person plural)
wasteriens (conditional first-person plural)
wasteriiez (conditional plural second-person)
wasteriez (conditional plural second-person)
wastereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of aveir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
wast (first-person present singular subjunctive)
waz (present second-person singular subjunctive)
wast (present singular subjunctive third-person)
wastons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
wastez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
wastent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
wastasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
wastasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
wastast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
wastissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
wastissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
wastisseiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
wastissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
wastissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
wastassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
waste (imperative second-person singular)
wastons (first-person imperative plural)
wastez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Middle English: wasten, waaste, waasten, waaston, waastye, waist, wast, waste, wasti, wayst
English: waste
Scots: waste

E li Paens ont tot wasté

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of gaster


valor

fro-noun

valor oblique singular, m (oblique plural valors, nominative singular valors, nominative plural valor)

valor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
valors (oblique plural)
valors (nominative singular)
valor (nominative plural)


valour

valour oblique singular, f (oblique plural valours, nominative singular valour, nominative plural valours)

valour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
valours (oblique plural)
valour (nominative singular)
valours (nominative plural)

Flatour est un soubtil enchanteour;
Car par son vein enchantement
Fait croire au dame et au seignour
Que sur tous autres de valour
Sont plus digne et plus excellent.
Flattery is a subtle enchanter,
For by its vain enchantment
It makes damsels and lords alike believe
That above all other valorous people
Are more worthy and more excellent.


poet

third-person singular present indicative of poeir


tut

head

tut m (oblique and nominative feminine singular tute)

tute (feminine nominative oblique singular)
tuz (masculine singular subjective)
tuit (masculine singular subjective)
tute (feminine singular subjective)
tut (neuter singular subjective)
tut (masculine oblique singular)
tute (feminine oblique singular)
tut (neuter oblique singular)
tute (oblique singular)
tut (oblique singular)
tut (masculine plural subjective)
tutes (feminine plural subjective)
tut (neuter plural subjective)
tut (plural subjective)
tuz (masculine oblique plural)
tuit (masculine oblique plural)
tutes (feminine oblique plural)
tut (neuter oblique plural)
tutes (oblique plural)
tut (oblique plural)


disposition

fro-noun

disposition oblique singular, f (oblique plural dispositions, nominative singular disposition, nominative plural dispositions)

disposition oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dispositions (oblique plural)
disposition (nominative singular)
dispositions (nominative plural)


argent

argent oblique singular, m (oblique plural argenz or argentz, nominative singular argenz or argentz, nominative plural argent)

argent oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
argenz (oblique plural)
argentz (oblique plural)
argenz (nominative singular)
argentz (nominative singular)
argent (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: argent m
French: argent m
Haitian Creole: ajan
Louisiana Creole: larjên

Norman: argent, ergent, ardjã m

Walloon: ardjint

→ Middle English: argent

English: argent


message

fro-noun

message oblique singular, m (oblique plural messages, nominative singular messages, nominative plural message)

message oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
messages (oblique plural)
messages (nominative singular)
message (nominative plural)

Middle French: message

desctree

French: message
Haitian Creole: mesaj
→ Albanian: mesazh
→ Moroccan Arabic: ميساج (mesaž)
→ Romanian: mesaj
→ Turkish: mesaj
→ Azerbaijani: mesaj

Walloon: messaedje

Norman: m'sage, message

→ Galician: mensaxe

→ Italian: messaggio

→ Middle English: message

→ English: message

→ Piedmontese: messagi

→ Portuguese: mensagem

→ Scots: message

→ Spanish: mensaje

Inherited from Late Latin missāticum, derived from Latin mittere (“send”).


desirer

desirer (infinitive)
avoir desiré (infinitive multiword-construction)
en desirant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
desirant (participle present)
desiré (participle past)
desir (first-person indicative present singular)
desires (indicative present second-person singular)
desire (indicative present singular third-person)
desirons (first-person indicative plural present)
desirez (indicative plural present second-person)
desirent (indicative plural present third-person)
desiroie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
desireie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
desiroe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
desireve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
desiroies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
desireies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
desiroes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
desireves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
desiroit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
desireit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
desirot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
desireve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
desiriiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
desiriens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
desiriiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
desiriez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
desiroient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
desireient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
desiroent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
desirevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
desirai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
desiras (indicative preterite second-person singular)
desira (indicative preterite singular third-person)
desirames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
desirastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
desirerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
desirerai (first-person future indicative singular)
desireras (future indicative second-person singular)
desirera (future indicative singular third-person)
desirerons (first-person future indicative plural)
desireroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
desirereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
desirerez (future indicative plural second-person)
desireront (future indicative plural third-person)
desireroie (conditional first-person singular)
desirereie (conditional first-person singular)
desireroies (conditional second-person singular)
desirereies (conditional second-person singular)
desireroit (conditional singular third-person)
desirereit (conditional singular third-person)
desireriiens (conditional first-person plural)
desireriens (conditional first-person plural)
desireriiez (conditional plural second-person)
desireriez (conditional plural second-person)
desireroient (conditional plural third-person)
desirereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
desir (first-person present singular subjunctive)
desirs (present second-person singular subjunctive)
desirt (present singular subjunctive third-person)
desirons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
desirez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
desirent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
desirasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
desirasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
desirast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
desirissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
desirissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
desirissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
desirissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
desirissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
desirassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
desire (imperative second-person singular)
desirons (first-person imperative plural)
desirez (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative form of desirrer (“to desire”)


singe

fro-noun

singe oblique singular, m (oblique plural singes, nominative singular singes, nominative plural singe)

singe oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
singes (oblique plural)
singes (nominative singular)
singe (nominative plural)

French: singe

Franc-Comtois: sindge

Norman: sînge (Jersey)

Walloon: séndje


envious

head

envious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular enviouse)

enviouse (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: envieux

Norman: envieux

desctree

→ Middle English: envious, envius, enwius, envyose, envyous, envyus
English: envious

Mez mult part fu cruel e mult fu envious

But [he] was very cruel and very jealous


ignorance

fro-noun

ignorance oblique singular, f (oblique plural ignorances, nominative singular ignorance, nominative plural ignorances)

ignorance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ignorances (oblique plural)
ignorance (nominative singular)
ignorances (nominative plural)

English: ignorance

French: ignorance

ignorance (lacking of knowledge; lack of understanding)


honor

honor oblique singular, m (oblique plural honors, nominative singular honors, nominative plural honor)

honor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
honors (oblique plural)
honors (nominative singular)
honor (nominative plural)

→ English: honor, honour

Middle French: honneur

French: honneur

→ Middle Irish: onóir, anóir

Irish: onóir

Scottish Gaelic: onoir


honour

honour oblique singular, m (oblique plural honours, nominative singular honours, nominative plural honour)

honour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
honours (oblique plural)
honours (nominative singular)
honour (nominative plural)

[…] prierent au roi qe mesme le cont purroit estre restorez a ses noun et honour de marquys queux il avoit pardevant.

[…] prayed to the king that even the count could be restored to his name and his honour of marquee that he had before


enclosure

enclosure oblique singular, f (oblique plural enclosures, nominative singular enclosure, nominative plural enclosures)

enclosure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
enclosures (oblique plural)
enclosure (nominative singular)
enclosures (nominative plural)


parochial

head

parochial m (oblique and nominative feminine singular parochiale)

parochiale (feminine nominative oblique singular)

⇒ English: parochial

Borrowed from Latin parochialis. Compare the inherited term paroissial.


corruption

fro-noun

corruption oblique singular, f (oblique plural corruptions, nominative singular corruption, nominative plural corruptions)

corruption oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
corruptions (oblique plural)
corruption (nominative singular)
corruptions (nominative plural)

→ English: corruption

French: corruption

Borrowed from Latin corruptiō, corruptiōnem.


fol

head

fol m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fole or folle)

fole (feminine nominative oblique singular)
folle (feminine nominative oblique singular)

desctree

Middle French: fol
French: fol, fou
Louisiana Creole: fou

Norman: fo m, folle f

→ Middle English: fole, foul, fol, fool, fule, ffuyll, foole, ffoole
English: fool
Geordie English: fuil, feul
Scots: fule, fuil
→ Welsh: ffôl

→ Old Danish: fol

Danish: fjols


temps

fro-noun

temps oblique singular, m (oblique plural temps, nominative singular temps, nominative plural temps)

temps oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
temps (oblique plural)
temps (nominative singular)
temps (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: tens

Middle English: tens

English: tense

Bourguignon: tamps

Franc-Comtois: temps

Middle French: temps
French: temps

Norman: temps

Walloon: tins


remis

head

remis m (oblique and nominative feminine singular remise)

remise (feminine nominative oblique singular)

→ English: remiss

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de Lys en Medecine, page 193 of this essay
Urine remisse et les aultres signes qui signifient melancolie

Unusual urine and the other signs that demonstrate melancholy


sade

sade m (oblique and nominative feminine singular sade)

sade (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Bourguignon: sade, sède, séde

Franc-Comtois: saite, cède

French: sade (obsolete)

Lorrain: sâde

Norman: sade

From Latin sapidus (“delicious, wise”). Doublet of sage (“wise”), which reflects a semantically specialized Vulgar Latin *sapium (“wise”).


intelligence

fro-noun

intelligence oblique singular, f (oblique plural intelligences, nominative singular intelligence, nominative plural intelligences)

intelligence oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
intelligences (oblique plural)
intelligence (nominative singular)
intelligences (nominative plural)

French: intelligence

desctree

→ Middle English: intelligence, intelligens
English: intelligence
Yola: tellgence, talligence


raisin

fro-noun

raisin oblique singular, m (oblique plural raisins, nominative singular raisins, nominative plural raisin)

raisin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
raisins (oblique plural)
raisins (nominative singular)
raisin (nominative plural)

French: raisin

Norman: raisin, rouaisin

desc

Picard: rosin, reusin, rojin, roisin, rouaisin

Walloon: reujin, rouaijin, roijin

→ Middle Dutch: rosine

Dutch: rozijn

→ Middle High German: rosīn

desctree

German: Rosine
→ Polish: rodzynka
→ Kashubian: rozina
→ Czech: rozinka, ⇒ hrozinka (contaminated with hrozen)
⇒ Slovak: hrozienko (contaminated with hrozno)

→ Middle Low German: rosīne

→ Danish: rosin

→ Middle English: raysyn, raycin, reyson, reysyn, rasyn, rayson, resyn, reyseyn, raysing, racine, resonne, reysynge
English: raisin
→ Japanese: レーズン (rēzun)
Scots: raisin, reasin

→ Middle Irish: [Term?]

Irish: rísín

→ Middle Welsh: [Term?]

Welsh: rhesin

→? Old Norse: rúsína

Icelandic: rúsína

Swedish: russin

→ Finnish: rusina

→ Sicilian: racina

From Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus.


pension

fro-noun

pension oblique singular, f (oblique plural pensions, nominative singular pension, nominative plural pensions)

pension oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pensions (oblique plural)
pension (nominative singular)
pensions (nominative plural)


novembre

novembre oblique singular, m (oblique plural novembres, nominative singular novembres, nominative plural novembre)

novembre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
novembres (oblique plural)
novembres (nominative singular)
novembre (nominative plural)

Franc-Comtois: nôvembre

desctree

French: novembre
Guianese Creole: novanm
Haitian Creole: novanm
→ Iranian Persian: نوامبر (novâmbr)
→ South Azerbaijani: نوْوامبر (novambr)
→ Tunisian Arabic: نوفمبر (novōmbr)

Norman:

Cotentin: novembe

Guernsey: novembre

Jersey: Novembre

Sark: novãbr

Walloon: nôvimbe

→ Middle English: Novembre

English: November (see there for further descendants)

Scots: November


jardin

fro-noun

jardin oblique singular, m (oblique plural jardins, nominative singular jardins, nominative plural jardin)

jardin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jardins (oblique plural)
jardins (nominative singular)
jardin (nominative plural)


qui

Middle French: qui

French: qui

Norman: tchi

Li boins roys Artus de Bretaigne,
La qui proeche nous ensengne

c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion, lines 1–2:

The good king Arthur of Britain
Who teaches us valiance


item

Middle French: item

French: item


loi

loi oblique singular, f (oblique plural lois, nominative singular loi, nominative plural lois)

loi oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lois (oblique plural)
loi (nominative singular)
lois (nominative plural)

Middle French: loy

French: loi

Norman: louai

Walloon: lwè

From earlier lei, from Latin lēgem, accusative singular of lēx.

La loi que tu nous as aprise


porre

porre oblique singular, m (oblique plural porres, nominative singular porres, nominative plural porre)

porre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
porres (oblique plural)
porres (nominative singular)
porre (nominative plural)


carpenter

carpenter oblique singular, m (oblique plural carpenters, nominative singular carpenters, nominative plural carpenter)

carpenter oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
carpenters (oblique plural)
carpenters (nominative singular)
carpenter (nominative plural)

Maçons fist querre et carpenters
Si fist refaire les mousters

He searched for masons and carpenters
in order to rebuild the minsters.


mon

French: mon

From Vulgar Latin, Late Latin mum, a reduced variant of Latin meum, nominative neuter singular of meus.

meon

very early Old French; Oaths of Strasbourg


lait

lait oblique singular, m (oblique plural laiz or laitz, nominative singular laiz or laitz, nominative plural lait)

lait oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
laiz (oblique plural)
laitz (oblique plural)
laiz (nominative singular)
laitz (nominative singular)
lait (nominative plural)

French: lait ⇒ laiteron

Haitian Creole: lèt

Norman: lait

⇒ Walloon: laecea

milk (white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals)


lait

head

lait m (oblique and nominative feminine singular laide)

laide (feminine nominative oblique singular)
laits (masculine singular subjective)
laiz (masculine singular subjective)
lais (masculine singular subjective)
laide (feminine singular subjective)
lait (neuter singular subjective)
lait (masculine oblique singular)
laide (feminine oblique singular)
lait (neuter oblique singular)
laide (oblique singular)
lait (oblique singular)
lait (masculine plural subjective)
laides (feminine plural subjective)
lait (neuter plural subjective)
lait (plural subjective)
laits (masculine oblique plural)
laiz (masculine oblique plural)
lais (masculine oblique plural)
laides (feminine oblique plural)
lait (neuter oblique plural)
laides (oblique plural)
lait (oblique plural)

Middle French: laid
French: laid

Norman: laid (Jèrriais)

Picard: léd (Athois), laizou (Ch'ti)

desc

Walloon: léd (Charleroi), laîd (Forrières), lêd (Liégeois)

→ Italian: laido

→ Old Spanish: laido

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: laido

Galician: laido

→ Sicilian: làitu, ladiu

Thought to be of Germanic origin; see Modern French laid.


lait

fro-noun

lait oblique singular, m (nominative singular laiz or laitz)

lait oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
laiz (nominative singular)
laitz (nominative singular)


lait

third-person singular present indicative of laire


ki

ki trop i prent son tens i pert

13th century, Unknown, La Vie de Saint Laurent, page 1, column 2, line 16:

He who spends too much of his time on it suffers as a result

m'est une anguisse el quer ferue, ki tut le cors me fet trembler

Such a pain has pierced my heart, that makes my whole body quiver

Cil sunt vassal ki les oz ajusterent.

10th century, Turold, La Chanson de Roland, page CCLVIII https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Chanson_de_Roland/Raoul_Mortier:

Great was the courage of the ones who joined these two armies in battle


fel

From Early Medieval Latin fellō. The oblique case felon comes from the accusative fellōnem.


fel

→ Middle Dutch: fel

Dutch: fel

→ Middle English: fel, fell (or from Old English)

English: fell


masculin

head

masculin m (oblique and nominative feminine singular masculine)

masculine (feminine nominative oblique singular)


masculin

fro-noun

masculin oblique singular, m (oblique plural masculins, nominative singular masculins, nominative plural masculin)

masculin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
masculins (oblique plural)
masculins (nominative singular)
masculin (nominative plural)

Mais cy endroit il fault scavoir que chescun adjectif de femenyn genre doit finir (ou) en un e, et (c'est) quant son masculin fine en e, …

E. Stengel (editor), Die ältesten Anleitungsschriften zur Erlernung der französischen Sprache, in: Zeitschrift für neufranzösische Sprache und Litteratur, vol. I, 1879, p. 29


deus

Middle French: deux
French: deux

Norman: deux

→ English: deuce

From Latin duos, duas, the masculine and feminine accusative singulars of duō. The nominative form dui come from plural Vulgar Latin *duī, altered from duō under analogy with forms like duae.


beauté

beauté oblique singular, f (oblique plural beautez, nominative singular beauté, nominative plural beautez)

beauté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
beautez (oblique plural)
beauté (nominative singular)
beautez (nominative plural)


veritable

head

veritable m (oblique and nominative feminine singular veritable)

veritable (feminine nominative oblique singular)

desctree

Middle French: veritable
→ English: veritable
French: véritable

Borrowed from Latin veritabilis. See also Catalan veritable.

Li rois respont: "N'est mie fable,
Ceste parole est veritable:

The king responded "it's not a fairytale
this story is true["]


multitude

fro-noun

multitude oblique singular, f (oblique plural multitudes, nominative singular multitude, nominative plural multitudes)

multitude oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
multitudes (oblique plural)
multitude (nominative singular)
multitudes (nominative plural)

English: multitude

French: multitude

Borrowed from Latin multitūdō (“great amount or number of people or things”), from multus (“many; much”) + -tūdō (suffix forming abstract nouns indicating a state or condition).


variant

head

variant m (oblique and nominative feminine singular variant or variante)

or variante (feminine nominative oblique singular variant)

→ English: variant

French: variant


noble

noble m (oblique and nominative feminine singular noble)

noble (feminine nominative oblique singular)


voile

fro-noun

voile oblique singular, f (oblique plural voiles, nominative singular voile, nominative plural voiles)

voile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
voiles (oblique plural)
voile (nominative singular)
voiles (nominative plural)

Franc-Comtois: vouéle

French: voile

Norman: vaile

From Vulgar Latin *vēla, from the plural of vēlum.

sail (large piece of fabric attached to the mast of a watercraft)


chisel

chisel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chiseaus or chiseax or chisiaus or chisiax or chisels, nominative singular chiseaus or chiseax or chisiaus or chisiax or chisels, nominative plural chisel)

chisel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chiseaus (oblique plural)
chiseax (oblique plural)
chisiaus (oblique plural)
chisiax (oblique plural)
chisels (oblique plural)
chiseaus (nominative singular)
chiseax (nominative singular)
chisiaus (nominative singular)
chisiax (nominative singular)
chisels (nominative singular)
chisel (nominative plural)

(Old Northern French) Alternative form of cisel


cloche

cloche oblique singular, f (oblique plural cloches, nominative singular cloche, nominative plural cloches)

cloche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cloches (oblique plural)
cloche (nominative singular)
cloches (nominative plural)

Medieval Latin clocca, probably from Celtic, compare Old Irish clocc, Welsh cloch, Manx clagg, all from Proto-Celtic *klokkos; ultimately imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative

bell (metal apparatus used to produce sound)


mortel

head

mortel m (oblique and nominative feminine singular mortele)

mortele (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Si diable seust que Dés hom mortel fust

c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire, line 92:

If the Devil knew that God made man mortal


Oliver

a male given name, equivalent to English Oliver


plus

French: plus

Norman: pus (Jersey)


movement

fro-noun

movement oblique singular, m (oblique plural movemenz or movementz, nominative singular movemenz or movementz, nominative plural movement)

movement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
movemenz (oblique plural)
movementz (oblique plural)
movemenz (nominative singular)
movementz (nominative singular)
movement (nominative plural)

English: movement

Middle French: movement, mouvement

French: mouvement

movoir + -ment; cf. also Medieval Latin mōvimentum (itself probably partly based on the Old French or other early Romance cognates), from Latin moveō.


ester

fro-conj-i

This verb is highly irregular.

ester (infinitive)
avoir esté (infinitive multiword-construction)
esteü (infinitive multiword-construction)
en estant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
estant (participle present)
esté (participle past)
esteü (participle past)
estois (first-person indicative present singular)
estas (indicative present second-person singular)
estais (indicative present second-person singular)
esta (indicative present singular third-person)
estait (indicative present singular third-person)
estons (first-person indicative plural present)
estez (indicative plural present second-person)
estont (indicative plural present third-person)
estoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
esteie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
estoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
esteve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
estoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
esteies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
estoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
esteves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
estoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
esteit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
estot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
esteve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
estiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
estiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
estiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
estiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
estoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
esteient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
estoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
estevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
estui (first-person indicative preterite singular)
estai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
esteüs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
estas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
estut (indicative preterite singular third-person)
esta (indicative preterite singular third-person)
esteümes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
estames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
esteüstes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
estastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
esturent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
esterent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
esterai (first-person future indicative singular)
esteras (future indicative second-person singular)
estera (future indicative singular third-person)
esterons (first-person future indicative plural)
esteroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
estereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
esterez (future indicative plural second-person)
esteront (future indicative plural third-person)
esteroie (conditional first-person singular)
estereie (conditional first-person singular)
esteroies (conditional second-person singular)
estereies (conditional second-person singular)
esteroit (conditional singular third-person)
estereit (conditional singular third-person)
esteriiens (conditional first-person plural)
esteriens (conditional first-person plural)
esteriiez (conditional plural second-person)
esteriez (conditional plural second-person)
esteroient (conditional plural third-person)
estereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
estoise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
estace (first-person present singular subjunctive)
estoises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
estaces (present second-person singular subjunctive)
estoise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
estoist (present singular subjunctive third-person)
estace (present singular subjunctive third-person)
estons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
estez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
estoisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
estacent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
esteüsse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
estasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
esteüsses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
estasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
esteüst (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
estast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
esteüssons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
esteüssiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
estissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
estissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
esteüssoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
esteüssez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
esteüssiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
estissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
estissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
estissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
esteüssent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
estassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
esta (imperative second-person singular)
estons (first-person imperative plural)
estez (imperative plural second-person)

Middle French: ester

From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin estō, from Latin stō. Forms in -ac- and -ui/-eü-/-i- originates from Vulgar Latin *statiō, *stūtum (perfect *stuī), all are from statum. The indicative present forms bear similarities with endings of the suppletive verb aler and must have contained from vois, the origin of -ois in estois and other forms, however, are unclear (see also Modern French vais).
Compare with estre, whose later merged and resulting some forms reflecting the forms of ester.


loupe

fro-noun

loupe oblique singular, f (oblique plural loupes, nominative singular loupe, nominative plural loupes)

loupe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
loupes (oblique plural)
loupe (nominative singular)
loupes (nominative plural)

desctree

French: loupe
→ Catalan: lupa
→ Danish: lup
→ Dutch: loep
→ Indonesian: lup
→ English: loupe
→ Finnish: luppi
→ German: Lupe
Japanese: ルーペ (rūpe)
Korean: 루페 (rupe)
→ Luxembourgish: Lupp
→ Polish: lupa
→ Portuguese: lupa
→ Romanian: lupă
→ Russian: лу́па (lúpa)
→ Spanish: lupa
→ Basque: lupa
→ Swedish: lupp
→ Vietnamese: kính lúp


lesser

lesser (infinitive)
avoir lessé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en lessant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
lessant (participle present)
lessé (participle past)
les (first-person indicative present singular)
lesses (indicative present second-person singular)
lesse (indicative present singular third-person)
lessons (first-person indicative plural present)
lessez (indicative plural present second-person)
lessent (indicative plural present third-person)
lessoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lesseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lessoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lesseve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lessoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lesseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lessoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lesseves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lessoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lesseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lessot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lesseve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lessiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lessiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lessiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lessiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lessoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lesseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lessoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lessevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lessai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
lessas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
lessa (indicative preterite singular third-person)
lessames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
lessastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
lesserent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
lesserai (first-person future indicative singular)
lesseras (future indicative second-person singular)
lessera (future indicative singular third-person)
lesserons (first-person future indicative plural)
lesseroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
lessereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
lesserez (future indicative plural second-person)
lesseront (future indicative plural third-person)
lesseroie (conditional first-person singular)
lessereie (conditional first-person singular)
lesseroies (conditional second-person singular)
lessereies (conditional second-person singular)
lesseroit (conditional singular third-person)
lessereit (conditional singular third-person)
lesseriiens (conditional first-person plural)
lesseriens (conditional first-person plural)
lesseriiez (conditional plural second-person)
lesseriez (conditional plural second-person)
lesseroient (conditional plural third-person)
lessereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
les (first-person present singular subjunctive)
les (present second-person singular subjunctive)
lest (present singular subjunctive third-person)
lessons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
lessez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
lessent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
lessasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
lessasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lessast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lessissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lessissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lessissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lessissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lessissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lessassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lesse (imperative second-person singular)
les (imperative second-person singular)
lessons (first-person imperative plural)
lessez (imperative plural second-person)


siut

third-person singular present indicative of siure


clamour

fro-noun

clamour oblique singular, f (oblique plural clamours, nominative singular clamour, nominative plural clamours)

clamour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
clamours (oblique plural)
clamour (nominative singular)
clamours (nominative plural)

querele oie ne pleinte ne clamour


roi

roi oblique singular, m (oblique plural rois, nominative singular rois, nominative plural roi)

roi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rois (oblique plural)
rois (nominative singular)
roi (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: roy
French: roi, roy (obsolete) (pre-1800)
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa

Norman:

Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey

Guernsey: ré, roué

Jersey: rouai

Sark: rwe

Walloon: roy, rwè

→ Middle English: roy, roye

English: roy

rai

Le Roman de Tristan, Thomas d'Angleterre


fort

head

fort m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fort or forte)

fort (feminine nominative oblique singular)
forte (feminine nominative oblique singular)
forz (masculine singular subjective)
fort (later forte) (feminine singular subjective)
fort (neuter singular subjective)
fort (masculine oblique singular)
fort (later forte) (feminine oblique singular)
fort (neuter oblique singular)
fort (later forte) (oblique singular)
fort (oblique singular)
fort (masculine plural subjective)
forz (later fortes) (feminine plural subjective)
fort (neuter plural subjective)
fort (plural subjective)
forz (masculine oblique plural)
forz (later fortes) (feminine oblique plural)
fort (neuter oblique plural)
forz (later fortes) (oblique plural)
fort (oblique plural)

La nef ert fort e belle e grande,
bone cum cele k'ert markande.
De plusurs mers chargee esteit,
en Engleterre curre devait.

late 12th century, anonymous author, “La Folie de Tristan d'Oxford”, in Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 354, lines 67–70:

The ship was strong and beautiful and big,
good like a merchant's ship
loaded with lots of different type of merchandise
ready to set sail to England.


fort

→ English: fort

Middle French: fort

French: fort


obeïssance

fro-noun

obeïssance oblique singular, f (oblique plural obeïssances, nominative singular obeïssance, nominative plural obeïssances)

obeïssance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
obeïssances (oblique plural)
obeïssance (nominative singular)
obeïssances (nominative plural)


obeissant

head

obeissant m (oblique and nominative feminine singular obeissant or obeissante)

obeissant (feminine nominative oblique singular)
obeissante (feminine nominative oblique singular)
obeissanz (masculine singular subjective)
obeissante (feminine singular subjective)
obeissant (neuter singular subjective)
obeissant (masculine oblique singular)
obeissante (feminine oblique singular)
obeissant (neuter oblique singular)
obeissante (oblique singular)
obeissant (oblique singular)
obeissant (masculine plural subjective)
obeissantes (feminine plural subjective)
obeissant (neuter plural subjective)
obeissant (plural subjective)
obeissanz (masculine oblique plural)
obeissantes (feminine oblique plural)
obeissant (neuter oblique plural)
obeissantes (oblique plural)
obeissant (oblique plural)

French: obéissant


plain

French: plein

De tant come ele l'ot veü,
Que plains estoit de felenie.


plain

fro-noun

plain oblique singular, m (oblique plural plainz, nominative singular plainz, nominative plural plain)

plain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plainz (oblique plural)
plainz (nominative singular)
plain (nominative plural)

→ Dutch: plein

→ Middle English:

English: plain

Scots: plain

From Latin plānum (“level ground, a plain”), neuter substantive from plānus (“level, even, flat”).


plain

head

plain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular plaine)

plaine (feminine nominative oblique singular)

From Latin plānus (“level, even, flat”).


issue

feminine singular of the past participle of issir


issue

fro-noun

issue oblique singular, f (oblique plural issues, nominative singular issue, nominative plural issues)

issue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
issues (oblique plural)
issue (nominative singular)
issues (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: yssue, issue
French: issue

→ Middle English: issue, essu, ischewe, isseu, issew, issheu, isshewe, isshue, issieu, issu, issuwe, issw, isswe, uschew, usshew, usshewe, ussu, ussue, yschue, ysseu, yssew, yssue, ysue
English: issue


isle

fro-noun

isle oblique singular, f (oblique plural isles, nominative singular isle, nominative plural isles)

isle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
isles (oblique plural)
isle (nominative singular)
isles (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: isle
French: île (see there for further descendants)

Norman: île

Walloon: iye

→ Middle English: yle, ile
English: isle

From Vulgar Latin *isula, from Latin insula.


horror

fro-noun

horror oblique singular, f (oblique plural horrors, nominative singular horror, nominative plural horrors)

horror oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
horrors (oblique plural)
horror (nominative singular)
horrors (nominative plural)

English: horror

Middle French: horreur

French: horreur


chapel

chapel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chapeaus or chapeax or chapiaus or chapiax or chapels, nominative singular chapeaus or chapeax or chapiaus or chapiax or chapels, nominative plural chapel)

chapel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chapeaus (oblique plural)
chapeax (oblique plural)
chapiaus (oblique plural)
chapiax (oblique plural)
chapels (oblique plural)
chapeaus (nominative singular)
chapeax (nominative singular)
chapiaus (nominative singular)
chapiax (nominative singular)
chapels (nominative singular)
chapel (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: chaipeâ

Champenois: chaipé, chaipiau

Franc-Comtois: tchaipé

Gallo: chapai

desctree

Middle French: chappeau
French: chapeau (see there for further descendants)
→ English: chapeau

Norman: capé, chapé

Picard: capieu

Walloon: tchapea

From Early Medieval Latin cappellus, diminutive from Late Latin cappa.

hat (item of clothing used to cover the head)


role

fro-noun

role oblique singular, m (oblique plural roles, nominative singular roles, nominative plural role)

role oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
roles (oblique plural)
roles (nominative singular)
role (nominative plural)

→ English: roll

French: rôle

→ English: role


cristal

cristal oblique singular, m (oblique plural cristaus or cristax or cristals, nominative singular cristaus or cristax or cristals, nominative plural cristal)

cristal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cristaus (oblique plural)
cristax (oblique plural)
cristals (oblique plural)
cristaus (nominative singular)
cristax (nominative singular)
cristals (nominative singular)
cristal (nominative plural)

Middle French: cristal

desctree

French: cristal
→ Romanian: cristal
→ Turkish: kristal

→ Middle Dutch: cristal, kerstal

Dutch: kristal
Afrikaans: kristal
→ Indonesian: kristal


sui

From Latin sum (“I am”), influenced by fuī (“I was”) through the -ui.

first-person singular present indicative of estre


plantain

fro-noun

plantain oblique singular, m (oblique plural plantainz, nominative singular plantainz, nominative plural plantain)

plantain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plantainz (oblique plural)
plantainz (nominative singular)
plantain (nominative plural)

English: plantain

French: plantain


poser

poser (infinitive)
avoir posé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en posant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
posant (participle present)
posé (participle past)
pos (first-person indicative present singular)
poses (indicative present second-person singular)
pose (indicative present singular third-person)
posons (first-person indicative plural present)
posez (indicative plural present second-person)
posent (indicative plural present third-person)
posoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
poseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
posoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
poseve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
posoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
poseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
posoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
poseves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
posoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
poseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
posot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
poseve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
posiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
posiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
posiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
posiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
posoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
poseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
posoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
posevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
posai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
posas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
posa (indicative preterite singular third-person)
posames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
posastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
poserent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
poserai (first-person future indicative singular)
poseras (future indicative second-person singular)
posera (future indicative singular third-person)
poserons (first-person future indicative plural)
poseroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
posereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
poserez (future indicative plural second-person)
poseront (future indicative plural third-person)
poseroie (conditional first-person singular)
posereie (conditional first-person singular)
poseroies (conditional second-person singular)
posereies (conditional second-person singular)
poseroit (conditional singular third-person)
posereit (conditional singular third-person)
poseriiens (conditional first-person plural)
poseriens (conditional first-person plural)
poseriiez (conditional plural second-person)
poseriez (conditional plural second-person)
poseroient (conditional plural third-person)
posereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
pos (first-person present singular subjunctive)
pos (present second-person singular subjunctive)
post (present singular subjunctive third-person)
posons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
posez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
posent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
posasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
posasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
posast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
posissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
posissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
posissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
posissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
posissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
posassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pose (imperative second-person singular)
posons (first-person imperative plural)
posez (imperative plural second-person)

English: pose

French: poser

From Vulgar Latin pausō, pausāre, influenced by Latin pōnō.

ses meins desus lui posa


corner

corner (infinitive)
avoir corné (infinitive multiword-construction)
en cornant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
cornant (participle present)
corné (participle past)
corn (first-person indicative present singular)
cornes (indicative present second-person singular)
corne (indicative present singular third-person)
cornons (first-person indicative plural present)
cornez (indicative plural present second-person)
cornent (indicative plural present third-person)
cornoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
corneie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cornoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
corneve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cornoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
corneies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cornoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
corneves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cornoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
corneit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cornot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
corneve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
corniiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
corniens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
corniiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
corniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
cornoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
corneient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cornoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cornevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cornai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
cornas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
corna (indicative preterite singular third-person)
cornames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
cornastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
cornerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
cornerai (first-person future indicative singular)
corneras (future indicative second-person singular)
cornera (future indicative singular third-person)
cornerons (first-person future indicative plural)
corneroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
cornereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
cornerez (future indicative plural second-person)
corneront (future indicative plural third-person)
corneroie (conditional first-person singular)
cornereie (conditional first-person singular)
corneroies (conditional second-person singular)
cornereies (conditional second-person singular)
corneroit (conditional singular third-person)
cornereit (conditional singular third-person)
corneriiens (conditional first-person plural)
corneriens (conditional first-person plural)
corneriiez (conditional plural second-person)
corneriez (conditional plural second-person)
corneroient (conditional plural third-person)
cornereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
corn (first-person present singular subjunctive)
corz (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cort (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cornons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cornez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cornent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cornasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
cornasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
cornast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
cornissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
cornissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
cornissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cornissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cornissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cornassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
corne (imperative second-person singular)
cornons (first-person imperative plural)
cornez (imperative plural second-person)


tref

tref oblique singular, m (oblique plural tres, nominative singular tres, nominative plural tref)

tref oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tres (oblique plural)
tres (nominative singular)
tref (nominative plural)

Middle French: tref

→ Galician: treu

Inherited from Latin trabem, accusative of trabs.

tent, temporary hut or other similar building


que

Middle French: que

French: que


officer

officer oblique singular, m (oblique plural officers, nominative singular officers, nominative plural officer)

officer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
officers (oblique plural)
officers (nominative singular)
officer (nominative plural)


halt

head

halt m (oblique and nominative feminine singular halte)

halte (feminine nominative oblique singular)

From a conflation of Frankish *hauh, *hōh (“high, tall, elevated”) and Latin altus (“high, raised, profound”).


halt

Middle French: hault

French: haut


villain

fro-noun

villain oblique singular, m (oblique plural villainz, nominative singular villainz, nominative plural villain)

villain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
villainz (oblique plural)
villainz (nominative singular)
villain (nominative plural)


regal

head

regal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular regale)

regale (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: regal

→ Middle English: regal

English: regal

Borrowed from Latin rēgālem. Doublet of roial, which was inherited.


acier

fro-noun

acier oblique singular, m (nominative singular aciers)

acier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aciers (nominative singular)

Bourguignon: aicié

Franc-Comtois: aci, aici

Middle French: acier, achier

desctree

French: acier
Haitian Creole: asye
→ Interlingua: aciero

Lorrain: ècer

Norman: achier

Norman: acyi (Jersey)

Poitevin-Saintongeais: açàe

Walloon: acî

From Late Latin aciārium, from Latin acies.

Mainz cos des aciers poitevins

(by extension) a weapon made of steel; chiefly a sword


aile

fro-noun

aile oblique singular, f (oblique plural ailes, nominative singular aile, nominative plural ailes)

aile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ailes (oblique plural)
aile (nominative singular)
ailes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: aisle f, aesle, æsle
French: aile f
→ Middle English: ele
English: aisle

wing (anatomical structure of flying animals)


ancre

fro-noun

ancre oblique singular, f (oblique plural ancres, nominative singular ancre, nominative plural ancres)

ancre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ancres (oblique plural)
ancre (nominative singular)
ancres (nominative plural)

French: ancre

Norman: ancre (Jersey)


anguille

anguille oblique singular, f (oblique plural anguilles, nominative singular anguille, nominative plural anguilles)

anguille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
anguilles (oblique plural)
anguille (nominative singular)
anguilles (nominative plural)

French: anguille


cordon

cordon oblique singular, m (oblique plural cordons, nominative singular cordons, nominative plural cordon)

cordon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cordons (oblique plural)
cordons (nominative singular)
cordon (nominative plural)

Middle French: cordon

desctree

French: cordon
→ Dutch: kordon
Sranan Tongo: krodon
→ German: Kordon
→ Ottoman Turkish: قوردون
Turkish: kordon
→ Polish: kordon
→ Russian: кордо́н (kordón)
→ Ukrainian: кордо́н (kordón)
→ Portuguese: cordão
→ Romanian: cordon
→ Spanish: cordón

→ Middle English: cordon

English: cordon

corde (“rope”) + -on (diminutive suffix)


abile

head

abile m (oblique and nominative feminine singular abile)

abile (feminine nominative oblique singular)


vigour

fro-noun

vigour oblique singular, m (oblique plural vigours, nominative singular vigours, nominative plural vigour)

vigour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vigours (oblique plural)
vigours (nominative singular)
vigour (nominative plural)


profound

head

profound m (oblique and nominative feminine singular profounde)

profounde (feminine nominative oblique singular)

(late Anglo-Norman) Alternative spelling of profont


dresser

dresser (infinitive)
avoir dressé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en dressant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
dressant (participle present)
dressé (participle past)
dres (first-person indicative present singular)
dresses (indicative present second-person singular)
dresse (indicative present singular third-person)
dressons (first-person indicative plural present)
dressez (indicative plural present second-person)
dressent (indicative plural present third-person)
dressoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dresseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dressoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dresseve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dressoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dresseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dressoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dresseves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dressoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dresseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dressot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dresseve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dressiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dressiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dressiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dressiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dressoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dresseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dressoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dressevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dressai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
dressas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
dressa (indicative preterite singular third-person)
dressames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
dressastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
dresserent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
dresserai (first-person future indicative singular)
dresseras (future indicative second-person singular)
dressera (future indicative singular third-person)
dresserons (first-person future indicative plural)
dresseroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
dressereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
dresserez (future indicative plural second-person)
dresseront (future indicative plural third-person)
dresseroie (conditional first-person singular)
dressereie (conditional first-person singular)
dresseroies (conditional second-person singular)
dressereies (conditional second-person singular)
dresseroit (conditional singular third-person)
dressereit (conditional singular third-person)
dresseriiens (conditional first-person plural)
dresseriens (conditional first-person plural)
dresseriiez (conditional plural second-person)
dresseriez (conditional plural second-person)
dresseroient (conditional plural third-person)
dressereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
dres (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dres (present second-person singular subjunctive)
drest (present singular subjunctive third-person)
dressons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dressez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dressent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
dressasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dressasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dressast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dressissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dressissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dressissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dressissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dressissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dressassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dresse (imperative second-person singular)
dressons (first-person imperative plural)
dressez (imperative plural second-person)


confusion

fro-noun

confusion oblique singular, f (oblique plural confusions, nominative singular confusion, nominative plural confusions)

confusion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
confusions (oblique plural)
confusion (nominative singular)
confusions (nominative plural)

English: confusion

Middle French: confusion

French: confusion

Borrowed from Latin confusio, confusionem.


lintel

lintel oblique singular, m (oblique plural linteaus or linteax or lintiaus or lintiax or lintels, nominative singular linteaus or linteax or lintiaus or lintiax or lintels, nominative plural lintel)

lintel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
linteaus (oblique plural)
linteax (oblique plural)
lintiaus (oblique plural)
lintiax (oblique plural)
lintels (oblique plural)
linteaus (nominative singular)
linteax (nominative singular)
lintiaus (nominative singular)
lintiax (nominative singular)
lintels (nominative singular)
lintel (nominative plural)

French: linteau

→ Middle English: lintel

English: lintel

→ Portuguese: lintel, dintel

→ Spanish: lintel, dintel


devenir

devenir (infinitive)
avoir devenu (infinitive multiword-construction)
en devenant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
devenant (participle present)
devenu (participle past)
devieng (first-person indicative present singular)
devien (first-person indicative present singular)
deviens (indicative present second-person singular)
devient (indicative present singular third-person)
devenons (first-person indicative plural present)
devenez (indicative plural present second-person)
devienent (indicative plural present third-person)
devenoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
deveneie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
devenoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
deveneies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
devenoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deveneit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deveniiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deveniens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deveniiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
deveniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
devenoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
deveneient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
devin (first-person indicative preterite singular)
devenis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
devint (indicative preterite singular third-person)
devenimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
devenistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
devindrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
devinrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
devendrai (first-person future indicative singular)
devendras (future indicative second-person singular)
devendra (future indicative singular third-person)
devendrons (first-person future indicative plural)
devendroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
devendreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
devendrez (future indicative plural second-person)
devendront (future indicative plural third-person)
devendroie (conditional first-person singular)
devendreie (conditional first-person singular)
devendroies (conditional second-person singular)
devendreies (conditional second-person singular)
devendroit (conditional singular third-person)
devendreit (conditional singular third-person)
devendriiens (conditional first-person plural)
devendriens (conditional first-person plural)
devendriiez (conditional plural second-person)
devendriez (conditional plural second-person)
devendroient (conditional plural third-person)
devendreient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
deviegne (first-person present singular subjunctive)
deviegnes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
deviegne (present singular subjunctive third-person)
deviegniens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
deviegnons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
deviegniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
deviegnent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
devenisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
devenisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
devenist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
devenissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
devenissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
devenissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
devenissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
devenissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
devenissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
devien (imperative second-person singular)
devenons (first-person imperative plural)
devenez (imperative plural second-person)

French: devenir

First known attestation circa 980 as devenguz (nominative masculine singular past participle form). From Latin devenīre.

Chevaliers bels e genz devint.

He turned into a handsome, noble knight.


brun

head

brun m (oblique and nominative feminine singular brune)

brune (feminine nominative oblique singular)
bruns (masculine singular subjective)
brune (feminine singular subjective)
brun (neuter singular subjective)
brun (masculine oblique singular)
brune (feminine oblique singular)
brun (neuter oblique singular)
brune (oblique singular)
brun (oblique singular)
brun (masculine plural subjective)
brunes (feminine plural subjective)
brun (neuter plural subjective)
brun (plural subjective)
bruns (masculine oblique plural)
brunes (feminine oblique plural)
brun (neuter oblique plural)
brunes (oblique plural)
brun (oblique plural)

Middle French: brun

desctree

French: brun
→ Breton: brun
Louisiana Creole: brun
→ Romanian: brun

Norman: breun, brun (Jersey)

→ Galician: brun (archaic)

From Late Latin brunus (attested in Isidore of Seville), from Frankish *brūn (“brown, dark, shiny”), from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz (“brown”).


brun

fro-noun

brun oblique singular, m (oblique plural bruns, nominative singular bruns, nominative plural brun)

brun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bruns (oblique plural)
bruns (nominative singular)
brun (nominative plural)
bruns (masculine singular subjective)
brune (feminine singular subjective)
brun (masculine oblique singular)
brune (feminine oblique singular)
brun (masculine plural subjective)
brunes (feminine plural subjective)
bruns (masculine oblique plural)
brunes (feminine oblique plural)


vendre

vendre (infinitive)
avoir vendu (infinitive multiword-construction)
en vendant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
vendant (participle present)
vendu (participle past)
vent (first-person indicative present singular)
venz (indicative present second-person singular)
vent (indicative present singular third-person)
vendons (first-person indicative plural present)
vendez (indicative plural present second-person)
vendent (indicative plural present third-person)
vendoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vendeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vendoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vendeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vendoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vendeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vendiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vendiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vendiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vendiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vendoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vendeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vendi (first-person indicative preterite singular)
vendis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
vendié (indicative preterite singular third-person)
vendimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
vendistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
vendierent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
vendrai (first-person future indicative singular)
vendras (future indicative second-person singular)
vendra (future indicative singular third-person)
vendrons (first-person future indicative plural)
vendroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
vendreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
vendrez (future indicative plural second-person)
vendront (future indicative plural third-person)
vendroie (conditional first-person singular)
vendreie (conditional first-person singular)
vendroies (conditional second-person singular)
vendreies (conditional second-person singular)
vendroit (conditional singular third-person)
vendreit (conditional singular third-person)
vendriiens (conditional first-person plural)
vendriens (conditional first-person plural)
vendriiez (conditional plural second-person)
vendriez (conditional plural second-person)
vendroient (conditional plural third-person)
vendreient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
vende (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vendes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
vende (present singular subjunctive third-person)
vendons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vendez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vendent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
vendisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
vendisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vendist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vendissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vendissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vendissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vendissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vendissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vendissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vent (imperative second-person singular)
vendons (first-person imperative plural)
vendez (imperative plural second-person)

French: vendre

Dutch: vendu

→ English: vendue

Norman: vendre

Walloon: vinde


finir

finir (infinitive)
avoir fini (infinitive multiword-construction)
en finissant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
finissant (participle present)
fini (participle past)
finis (first-person indicative present singular)
finis (indicative present second-person singular)
finist (indicative present singular third-person)
finissons (first-person indicative plural present)
finissez (indicative plural present second-person)
finissent (indicative plural present third-person)
finissoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
finisseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
finissoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
finisseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
finissoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
finisseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
finissiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
finissiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
finissiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
finissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
finissoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
finisseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fini (first-person indicative preterite singular)
finis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
fini (indicative preterite singular third-person)
finimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
finistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
finirent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
finirai (first-person future indicative singular)
finiras (future indicative second-person singular)
finira (future indicative singular third-person)
finirons (first-person future indicative plural)
finiroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
finireiz (future indicative plural second-person)
finirez (future indicative plural second-person)
finiront (future indicative plural third-person)
finiroie (conditional first-person singular)
finireie (conditional first-person singular)
finiroies (conditional second-person singular)
finireies (conditional second-person singular)
finiroit (conditional singular third-person)
finireit (conditional singular third-person)
finiriiens (conditional first-person plural)
finiriens (conditional first-person plural)
finiriiez (conditional plural second-person)
finiriez (conditional plural second-person)
finiroient (conditional plural third-person)
finireient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
finisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
finisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
finisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
finissons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
finissez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
finissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
finisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
finisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
finist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
finissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
finissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
finissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
finissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
finissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
finissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
finis (imperative second-person singular)
finissons (first-person imperative plural)
finissez (imperative plural second-person)


parler

parler (infinitive)
avoir parlé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en parlant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
parlant (participle present)
parlé (participle past)
parol (first-person indicative present singular)
paroles (indicative present second-person singular)
parole (indicative present singular third-person)
parlons (first-person indicative plural present)
parlez (indicative plural present second-person)
parolent (indicative plural present third-person)
parloie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parleie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parloe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parleve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parloies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parleies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parloes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parleves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parloit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parleit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parlot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parleve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parliiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
parliens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
parliiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
parliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
parloient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parleient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parloent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parlevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parlai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
parlas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
parla (indicative preterite singular third-person)
parlames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
parlastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
parlerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
parlerai (first-person future indicative singular)
parleras (future indicative second-person singular)
parlera (future indicative singular third-person)
parlerons (first-person future indicative plural)
parleroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
parlereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
parlerez (future indicative plural second-person)
parleront (future indicative plural third-person)
parleroie (conditional first-person singular)
parlereie (conditional first-person singular)
parleroies (conditional second-person singular)
parlereies (conditional second-person singular)
parleroit (conditional singular third-person)
parlereit (conditional singular third-person)
parleriiens (conditional first-person plural)
parleriens (conditional first-person plural)
parleriiez (conditional plural second-person)
parleriez (conditional plural second-person)
parleroient (conditional plural third-person)
parlereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
parol (first-person present singular subjunctive)
parous (present second-person singular subjunctive)
parout (present singular subjunctive third-person)
parlons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
parlez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
parolent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
parlasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
parlasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
parlast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
parlissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
parlissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
parlissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
parlissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
parlissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
parlassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
parole (imperative second-person singular)
parlons (first-person imperative plural)
parlez (imperative plural second-person)

Bourguignon: pairôlai

Gallo: paslaer

Middle French: parler (see there for further descendants)

Norman: pâler, parlaïr (Guernsey)

Picard: parler

→ Middle English: parlen, parlai

English: parle, parley


forge

forge oblique singular, f (oblique plural forges, nominative singular forge, nominative plural forges)

forge oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
forges (oblique plural)
forge (nominative singular)
forges (nominative plural)

desctree

French: forge
→ Catalan: forja
→ Franco-Provençal: fôrge
→ Galician: forxa
→ Italian: forgia
→ Lombard: fòrgia (or from Franco-Provençal)
→ Piedmontese: fòrgia (or from Franco-Provençal)
→ Portuguese: forja
→ Romanian: forjă
→ Spanish: forja

→ Middle English: forge, fforge
English: forge
Scots: forge


chemin

fro-noun

chemin oblique singular, m (oblique plural chemins, nominative singular chemins, nominative plural chemin)

chemin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chemins (oblique plural)
chemins (nominative singular)
chemin (nominative plural)

Middle French: chemin
French: chemin

desc

Norman: ch'min (Guernsey), c'mîn (Jersey), quémîn

Walloon: tchimin

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin cammīnus, from Proto-Celtic *kanxsman, from *kengeti + *-sman.


vin

fro-noun

vin oblique singular, m (oblique plural vins, nominative singular vins, nominative plural vin)

vin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vins (oblique plural)
vins (nominative singular)
vin (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: veing

Gallo: vein

desctree

Middle French: vin
French: vin (see there for further descendants)

Norman: vîn (Jersey)

Walloon: vén

From Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom. Cognates include Ancient Greek ϝοῖνος (woînos, Aeolic variant), Ancient Greek οἶνος (oînos), Umbrian 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌖 (vinu). The nominative singular derives from attested Vulgar Latin vīnus.

cog

Par verité
j’ai esprové
qu vin rinois
passent francois

Circa 1250, uncertain composer, Mout sont vallant cil de Gant (motet)

Truly I have found Rhineland wine to surpass both that of France and all the wines of Auxerre.


oignon

fro-noun

oignon oblique singular, m (oblique plural oignons, nominative singular oignons, nominative plural oignon)

oignon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oignons (oblique plural)
oignons (nominative singular)
oignon (nominative plural)

Angevin: ognon, ugnon

⇒ Bourbonnais-Berrichon: ognounet

Bourguignon: ougnion

desc

Champenois: ègnon, ognon, ongnon, ougnon

Franc-Comtois: agnon, ègnon, onon, ognon, ougnon, ounon

Jurassien Franc-Comtois: oégnon, ouégnon, ouignon

desctree

Middle French: oingnon
French: oignon, ognon (post-1990 spelling)
Saint Dominican Creole French: z'oignon
Haitian Creole: zonyon
Seychellois Creole: zonyon

Gallo: ongnon

Lorrain: ougnan

Vosgien: ègnon, èyon

Norman: ougnoun, ouongnon

Picard: ongnon

desc

Poitevin-Saintongeais: egnun, ignun, ougnun

Walloon: agnon

→ Middle Breton: oingnon

Breton: ognon

→ Middle Dutch: ayuun, ejuun, oinjun

Dutch: ajuin (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Dutch: uyen

Dutch: ui (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: ooj, un

→ Middle English: onyoun

English: onion (see there for further descendants)

→? Middle Irish: uinniún

Irish: oinniún

→ Welsh: wynwyn


grande

grant

'grande' steadily replaces 'grant' during the Old French period

La nef ert fort e belle e grande,
bone cum cele k'ert markande.
De plusurs mers chargee esteit,
en Engleterre curre devait.


uit

desctree

Middle French: huyct, huict, huit, huyt
French: huit

Norman: huit

Walloon: ût


villein

fro-noun

villein oblique singular, m (oblique plural villeinz, nominative singular villeinz, nominative plural villein)

villein oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
villeinz (oblique plural)
villeinz (nominative singular)
villein (nominative plural)


verge

verge oblique singular, f (oblique plural verges, nominative singular verge, nominative plural verges)

verge oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
verges (oblique plural)
verge (nominative singular)
verges (nominative plural)

From a shortening of earlier forms virgine, virgene, from Latin virginem, accusative singular of virgō, possibly a borrowing.


verge

head

verge m (oblique and nominative feminine singular verge)

verge (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: verge

French: vierge


verge

Middle French: verge

French: verge


vengeance

fro-noun

vengeance oblique singular, f (oblique plural vengeances, nominative singular vengeance, nominative plural vengeances)

vengeance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vengeances (oblique plural)
vengeance (nominative singular)
vengeances (nominative plural)


journal

head

journal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular journale)

journale (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: journal (see there for further descendants)

Anglo-Norman: jurnal

→ Middle English: journal

English: journal

Scots: jurnal

From Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”).


cinquante

French: cinquante

Norman: chînquante

Walloon: céncwante


verdict

fro-noun

verdict oblique singular, m (oblique plural verdicz or verdictz, nominative singular verdicz or verdictz, nominative plural verdict)

verdict oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
verdicz (oblique plural)
verdictz (oblique plural)
verdicz (nominative singular)
verdictz (nominative singular)
verdict (nominative plural)


poise

poise oblique singular, f (oblique plural poises, nominative singular poise, nominative plural poises)

poise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
poises (oblique plural)
poise (nominative singular)
poises (nominative plural)

→ English: poise

a unit of measure of unknown value (which presumably varied because of the technology of the time)