voucher

voucher (infinitive)
avoir vouché (infinitive multiword-construction)
en vouchant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
vouchant (participle present)
vouché (participle past)
vouche (first-person indicative present singular)
vouches (indicative present second-person singular)
vouche (indicative present singular third-person)
vouchons (first-person indicative plural present)
vouchez (indicative plural present second-person)
vouchent (indicative plural present third-person)
vouchoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
voucheie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vouchoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
voucheve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vouchoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
voucheies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vouchoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
voucheves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vouchoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
voucheit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vouchot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
voucheve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vouchiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vouchiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vouchiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vouchiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vouchoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
voucheient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vouchoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vouchevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vouchai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
vouchas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
voucha (indicative preterite singular third-person)
vouchames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
vouchastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
voucherent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
voucherai (first-person future indicative singular)
voucheras (future indicative second-person singular)
vouchera (future indicative singular third-person)
voucherons (first-person future indicative plural)
voucheroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
vouchereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
voucherez (future indicative plural second-person)
voucheront (future indicative plural third-person)
voucheroie (conditional first-person singular)
vouchereie (conditional first-person singular)
voucheroies (conditional second-person singular)
vouchereies (conditional second-person singular)
voucheroit (conditional singular third-person)
vouchereit (conditional singular third-person)
voucheriiens (conditional first-person plural)
voucheriens (conditional first-person plural)
voucheriiez (conditional plural second-person)
voucheriez (conditional plural second-person)
voucheroient (conditional plural third-person)
vouchereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
vouche (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vouches (present second-person singular subjunctive)
vouche (present singular subjunctive third-person)
vouchons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vouchez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vouchent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
vouchasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
vouchasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vouchast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vouchissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vouchissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vouchissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vouchissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vouchissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vouchassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vouche (imperative second-person singular)
vouchons (first-person imperative plural)
vouchez (imperative plural second-person)


restriction

fro-noun

restriction oblique singular, f (oblique plural restrictions, nominative singular restriction, nominative plural restrictions)

restriction oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
restrictions (oblique plural)
restriction (nominative singular)
restrictions (nominative plural)

English: restriction

French: restriction

Borrowed from Late Latin restrictio, restrictionem, from Latin restringo.


terrible

head

terrible m (oblique and nominative feminine singular terriblee)

terriblee (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Borrowed from Latin terribilis (first attested ca. 1160).


terrible

fro-noun

terrible oblique singular, m or f (oblique plural terribles, nominative singular terribles, nominative plural terrible)

terrible oblique singular or (canonical feminine masculine)
terribles (oblique plural)
terribles (nominative singular)
terrible (nominative plural)

Middle French: terrible

French: terrible
→ Romanian: teribil

→ Middle English: terrible

English: terrible


donna

donna oblique singular, ? (oblique plural donnas, nominative singular donna, nominative plural donnas)

donna oblique singular (canonical)
donnas (oblique plural)
donna (nominative singular)
donnas (nominative plural)


viande

viande oblique singular, f (oblique plural viandes, nominative singular viande, nominative plural viandes)

viande oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
viandes (oblique plural)
viande (nominative singular)
viandes (nominative plural)

→ English: viand

Middle French: viande

French: viande

Norman: viande, viànde

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: vianda

Galician: vianda

From Vulgar Latin *vīvanda, alteration of Latin vīvenda, from the neuter plural form of vīvendus (“which is to be lived”), future passive participle of vīvō, vīvere (“live”, verb).

food (anything which when ingested into the digestive system provides nutrition for the body)

vïande

diaereses not universally used in transcriptions of Old French


viscous

head

viscous m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viscouse)

viscouse (feminine nominative oblique singular)

desctree

Middle French: visqueux
French: visqueux
→ English: viscous

Borrowed from Late Latin viscōsus, from Latin viscum.

viscous (of a liquid, thick; tending to flow slowly)


lai

fro-noun

lai oblique singular, m (oblique plural lais, nominative singular lais, nominative plural lai)

lai oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lais (oblique plural)
lais (nominative singular)
lai (nominative plural)


lai

Origin uncertain. Cognate with Occitan lais. Usually conjectured to be either of Germanic or Celtic origin. If from the former, probably from Frankish *laik (“game, sport, song, music”), related to Old High German leich (“song, melody, music”); if the latter, akin to Old Irish loíd, from Proto-Celtic *loydā, from Proto-Indo-European *leyd- (“to let, let go”), however the Oxford English dictionary calls a Celtic origin "out of the question".


lai

head

lai m (oblique and nominative feminine singular laie)

laie (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: laid

From Vulgar Latin *laitus, from Frankish *laiþ (“hateful”).


-e

Middle French: -e

French: -e

used to form feminine forms of nouns and adjectives


-us

desctree

Middle French: -eux, -eulx
French: -eux, -ueux
→ Danish: -øs
→ Dutch: -eus
→ German: -ös
→ Norwegian: -øs
→ Swedish: -ös

Norman: -eux

→ Middle English: -ous, -os, -ose, -ouse, -ows, -owse, -us, -ws
English: -ous


mariner

fro-noun

mariner oblique singular, m (oblique plural mariners, nominative singular mariners, nominative plural mariner)

mariner oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mariners (oblique plural)
mariners (nominative singular)
mariner (nominative plural)

Middle French: marinier

French: marinier

desctree

→ Middle English: mariner, marener, mareyner, maroner, marynar, maryneer, maryner, marynere, marynier
English: mariner


session

fro-noun

session oblique singular, f (oblique plural sessions, nominative singular session, nominative plural sessions)

session oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sessions (oblique plural)
session (nominative singular)
sessions (nominative plural)

Middle French: session f

French: session f

→ Middle English: session

English: session

sitting; session (of a court, a committee, etc.)


sur

head

sur m (oblique and nominative feminine singular sure)

sure (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: sur, sour

French: sur

Walloon: sèr (Forrières)

Borrowed from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”). 1160 CE.


pont

fro-noun

pont oblique singular, m (oblique plural ponz or pontz, nominative singular ponz or pontz, nominative plural pont)

pont oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ponz (oblique plural)
pontz (oblique plural)
ponz (nominative singular)
pontz (nominative singular)
pont (nominative plural)

French: pont

Norman: pont

Walloon: pont


costume

costume oblique singular, m (oblique plural costumes, nominative singular costumes, nominative plural costume)

costume oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
costumes (oblique plural)
costumes (nominative singular)
costume (nominative plural)

il n'est mie costume que nos entrocions li uns l'autre.

c. 1200, author unknown, Aucassin et Nicolette:


pone

pone oblique singular, m (oblique plural pones, nominative singular pones, nominative plural pone)

pone oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pones (oblique plural)
pones (nominative singular)
pone (nominative plural)

→ English: pone

Uncore demaundoms jugement de la variaunce entre le original e le pone


gentil

head

gentil m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gentil or gentile)

gentil (feminine nominative oblique singular)
gentile (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: gentil

Borrowed from Latin gentīlis, from gēns (“Roman clan”).


torment

fro-noun

torment oblique singular, m (oblique plural tormenz or tormentz, nominative singular tormenz or tormentz, nominative plural torment)

torment oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tormenz (oblique plural)
tormentz (oblique plural)
tormenz (nominative singular)
tormentz (nominative singular)
torment (nominative plural)

Middle English: torment (borrowing)

English: torment

Middle French: torment, tourment

French: tourment

Saint Lorenz dit torment ne dot

13th century, Unknown, La Vie de Saint Laurent, page 11, column 1, line 19:

Saint Laurence says he doesn't fear torture

(figuratively, by extension) suffering; torment


laborer

laborer (infinitive)
avoir laboré (infinitive multiword-construction)
en laborant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
laborant (participle present)
laboré (participle past)
labeur (first-person indicative present singular)
labeures (indicative present second-person singular)
labeure (indicative present singular third-person)
laborons (first-person indicative plural present)
laborez (indicative plural present second-person)
labeurent (indicative plural present third-person)
laboroie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
laboreie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
laboroe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
laboreve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
laboroies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
laboreies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
laboroes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
laboreves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
laboroit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
laboreit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
laborot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
laboreve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
laboriiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
laboriens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
laboriiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
laboriez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
laboroient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
laboreient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
laboroent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
laborevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
laborai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
laboras (indicative preterite second-person singular)
labora (indicative preterite singular third-person)
laborames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
laborastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
laborerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
laborerai (first-person future indicative singular)
laboreras (future indicative second-person singular)
laborera (future indicative singular third-person)
laborerons (first-person future indicative plural)
laboreroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
laborereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
laborerez (future indicative plural second-person)
laboreront (future indicative plural third-person)
laboreroie (conditional first-person singular)
laborereie (conditional first-person singular)
laboreroies (conditional second-person singular)
laborereies (conditional second-person singular)
laboreroit (conditional singular third-person)
laborereit (conditional singular third-person)
laboreriiens (conditional first-person plural)
laboreriens (conditional first-person plural)
laboreriiez (conditional plural second-person)
laboreriez (conditional plural second-person)
laboreroient (conditional plural third-person)
laborereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
labeur (first-person present singular subjunctive)
labeurs (present second-person singular subjunctive)
labeurt (present singular subjunctive third-person)
laborons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
laborez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
labeurent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
laborasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
laborasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
laborast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
laborissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
laborissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
laborissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
laborissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
laborissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
laborassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
labeure (imperative second-person singular)
laborons (first-person imperative plural)
laborez (imperative plural second-person)

desctree

Middle French: labourer
French: labourer

Norman: labouother

→ Middle English: labouren

English: labour, labor (US)

Scots: laubour


cartilage

fro-noun

cartilage oblique singular, m (oblique plural cartilages, nominative singular cartilages, nominative plural cartilage)

cartilage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cartilages (oblique plural)
cartilages (nominative singular)
cartilage (nominative plural)

First known attestation 1377-1377, borrowed from Latin cartilāgō.

corrosion qui est du cartilage qui est entre les trous des nazilles

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):

corrosion which is of the cartilage between the wholes in the nostrils


response

response oblique singular, f (oblique plural responses, nominative singular response, nominative plural responses)

response oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
responses (oblique plural)
response (nominative singular)
responses (nominative plural)

→ English: response

French: réponse

Variant of the masculine noun respons (also used as the past participle of respondre), itself a semi-learned word derived from Latin responsus.


pasture

pasture oblique singular, f (oblique plural pastures, nominative singular pasture, nominative plural pastures)

pasture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pastures (oblique plural)
pasture (nominative singular)
pastures (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: pasture

English: pasture

Middle French: pasture

French: pâture

Norman: pâtuthe (Jersey)

les bestes doivent estre nourries en bonnes pastures

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 165 of this essay:

the animals must be fed on good pastures

pasture (grassy field upon which cattle graze)


Noel

Noel oblique singular, m (oblique plural Noeaus or Noeax or Noiaus or Noiax or Noels, nominative singular Noeaus or Noeax or Noiaus or Noiax or Noels, nominative plural Noel)

Noel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Noeaus (oblique plural)
Noeax (oblique plural)
Noiaus (oblique plural)
Noiax (oblique plural)
Noels (oblique plural)
Noeaus (nominative singular)
Noeax (nominative singular)
Noiaus (nominative singular)
Noiax (nominative singular)
Noels (nominative singular)
Noel (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: Nowel, Noel

desc

English: Noel, Noël, noel, noël, nowel, nowell

Middle French: Noël

French: Noël, noël

Swedish: Noel

Turkish: Noel

From Latin natālis (“of or relating to birth”).


construire

construire (infinitive)
avoir construit (infinitive multiword-construction)
en construisant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
construisant (participle present)
construit (participle past)
construi (first-person indicative present singular)
construis (indicative present second-person singular)
construit (indicative present singular third-person)
construions (first-person indicative plural present)
construiiez (indicative plural present second-person)
construient (indicative plural present third-person)
construisoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
construiseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
construisoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
construiseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
construisoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
construiseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
construisiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
construisiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
construisiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
construisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
construisoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
construiseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
construis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
construisis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
construist (indicative preterite singular third-person)
construisimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
construisistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
construistrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
construirai (first-person future indicative singular)
construiras (future indicative second-person singular)
construira (future indicative singular third-person)
construirons (first-person future indicative plural)
construiroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
construireiz (future indicative plural second-person)
construirez (future indicative plural second-person)
construiront (future indicative plural third-person)
construiroie (conditional first-person singular)
construireie (conditional first-person singular)
construiroies (conditional second-person singular)
construireies (conditional second-person singular)
construiroit (conditional singular third-person)
construireit (conditional singular third-person)
construiriiens (conditional first-person plural)
construiriens (conditional first-person plural)
construiriiez (conditional plural second-person)
construiriez (conditional plural second-person)
construiroient (conditional plural third-person)
construireient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
construie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
construies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
construie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
construiiens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
construions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
construiiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
construient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
construisisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
construisisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
construisist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
construisissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
construisissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
construisissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
construisissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
construisissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
construisissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
construi (imperative second-person singular)
construions (first-person imperative plural)
construiiez (imperative plural second-person)

French: construire


ville

fro-noun

ville oblique singular, f (oblique plural villes, nominative singular ville, nominative plural villes)

ville oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
villes (oblique plural)
ville (nominative singular)
villes (nominative plural)

Franc-Comtois: vèlle

Middle French: ville
French: ville

Norman: ville


grange

grange oblique singular, f (oblique plural granges, nominative singular grange, nominative plural granges)

grange oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
granges (oblique plural)
grange (nominative singular)
granges (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: grange, granche
French: grange

Norman: grange, granche

Walloon: gregne

→ Italian: grangia

→ Middle English: graunge, grange, gronge
English: grange
Yola: grenge

→ Old Catalan: granja

Catalan: granja

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: grangia

Galician: granxa, graña

Portuguese: granja

→ Old Spanish: granja

Spanish: granja


fagot

fro-noun

fagot oblique singular, m (oblique plural fagoz or fagotz, nominative singular fagoz or fagotz, nominative plural fagot)

fagot oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fagoz (oblique plural)
fagotz (oblique plural)
fagoz (nominative singular)
fagotz (nominative singular)
fagot (nominative plural)

From Medieval Latin and Italian fagotto.

fagot (bundle of sticks, twigs or small tree branches bound together)


-ier

-ier (infinitive)
avoir -ié (infinitive multiword-construction)
en -ant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
-ant (participle present)
-ié (participle past)
-es (present second-person singular)
-e (present singular)
-ons (plural present)
-iez (plural present)
-ent (plural present)
-ai (preterite singular)
-as (preterite second-person singular)
-a (preterite singular)
-ames (plural preterite)
-astes (plural preterite)
-ierent (plural preterite)
-erai (future singular)
-eras (future second-person singular)
-era (future singular)
-erons (future plural)
-eroiz (future plural)
-ereiz (future plural)
-erez (future plural)
-eront (future plural)
-eroie (conditional singular)
-ereie (conditional singular)
-eroies (conditional second-person singular)
-ereies (conditional second-person singular)
-eroit (conditional singular)
-ereit (conditional singular)
-eriiens (conditional plural)
-eriens (conditional plural)
-eriiez (conditional plural)
-eriez (conditional plural)
-eroient (conditional plural)
-ereient (conditional plural)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future multiword-construction perfect)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future multiword-construction perfect second-person)
-s (present second-person singular)
-t (present singular)
-asse (imperfect singular)
-asses (imperfect second-person singular)
-ast (imperfect singular)
-issons (imperfect plural)
-issiens (imperfect plural)
-issoiz (imperfect plural)
-issez (imperfect plural)
-issiez (imperfect plural)
-assent (imperfect plural)
-e (imperative second-person singular)
-ons (imperative plural)
-iez (imperative plural)

Middle French: -er
French: -er

Gallo: -ieu

desctree

→ Middle High German: -ieren
German: -ieren, -iren (obsolete, used alternatively until ca. 1900)
→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)
→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)
→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati

Norman: -yi (Jersey)

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *-āzi
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Latin -ereinflu.
Latin -āre
Old French -ier
Inherited from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.

-er

in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France

forgier

suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs

-ar (9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar)


-ier

desctree

Middle French: -er
French: -ier, -er
→ English: -eer, -er

→ Italian: -iere

→ Old Irish: -aire
Irish: -aire
Scottish Gaelic: -air

→ Sicilian: -eri

Etymology tree
Latin -ārius
Old French -ier
Inherited from Latin -ārium.

etymon

bouchier

forestier


prendre

prendre (infinitive)
avoir pris (infinitive multiword-construction)
en prenant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
prenant (participle present)
pris (participle past)
preing (first-person indicative present singular)
pren (first-person indicative present singular)
prenz (indicative present second-person singular)
prent (indicative present singular third-person)
prenons (first-person indicative plural present)
prenez (indicative plural present second-person)
prenent (indicative plural present third-person)
prenoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
preneie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
prenoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
preneies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
prenoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
preneit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
preniiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
preniens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
preniiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
preniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
prenoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
preneient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pris (first-person indicative preterite singular)
preṣis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
prist (indicative preterite singular third-person)
preṣimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
preṣistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
prisdrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
prendrai (first-person future indicative singular)
prendras (future indicative second-person singular)
prendra (future indicative singular third-person)
prendrons (first-person future indicative plural)
prendroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
prendreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
prendrez (future indicative plural second-person)
prendront (future indicative plural third-person)
prendroie (conditional first-person singular)
prendreie (conditional first-person singular)
prendroies (conditional second-person singular)
prendreies (conditional second-person singular)
prendroit (conditional singular third-person)
prendreit (conditional singular third-person)
prendriiens (conditional first-person plural)
prendriens (conditional first-person plural)
prendriiez (conditional plural second-person)
prendriez (conditional plural second-person)
prendroient (conditional plural third-person)
prendreient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
preigne (first-person present singular subjunctive)
preignes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
preigne (present singular subjunctive third-person)
prenons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
preigniens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
preignons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
prenez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
preigniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
preignent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
preṣisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
preṣisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
preṣist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
preṣissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
preṣissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
preṣissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
preṣissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
preṣissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
preṣissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pren (imperative second-person singular)
prenons (first-person imperative plural)
prenez (imperative plural second-person)

Bourguignon: prarre

Franc-Comtois: pranre

Middle French: prendre

French: prendre

→ English: prender

Norman: prendre, prenre

Picard: prinde

Walloon: prinde

From Latin prēndere, from older prehendere.

Sachiez, ce mes oncles m'esforce
Que je preigne mari a force,
Je m'enfuirai en aucun leu

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la vie de Sainte Elyzabel, fille au roi de Hongrie:

Know that if my uncle forces me
To take a husband against my will
I will flee to any place [but here]


pris

fro-noun

pris oblique singular, m (oblique plural pris, nominative singular pris, nominative plural pris)

pris oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pris (oblique plural)
pris (nominative singular)
pris (nominative plural)

French: prix
→ Rade: pri

Norman: prix

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Cornish: pris

Old Breton: pris

Middle Breton: pris

Breton: priz

Welsh: pris

→ Middle Dutch: prijs, prise

desctree

Dutch: prijs
Afrikaans: prys
Negerhollands: pries
→ Caribbean Javanese: près, prèis
→ Indonesian: pris
→ Papiamentu: preis

Limburgish: pries

→ Middle English: price

English: price, prize (obsolete)
→ Irish: praghas

Scots: price

→ Middle High German: prīs

German: Preis

Luxembourgish: Präis

Yiddish: פּרײַז (prayz)

→ Middle Low German: pris

German Low German: Pries

→ Old Norse: príss

Norwegian Bokmål: pris

Old Swedish: pris

Swedish: pris

Danish: pris

price (monetary value required to purchase something)


pris

French: pris

From Latin prensus, variant of prehensus.


soit

third-person singular present subjunctive of estre


rai

fro-noun

rai oblique singular, m (oblique plural rais, nominative singular rais, nominative plural rai)

rai oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rais (oblique plural)
rais (nominative singular)
rai (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: rai

→ English: ray

French: rai

Norman: rai

li rais sor sa face luisoit

late 12th century, anonymous author, “La Folie de Tristan de Berne”, in Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 314, line 202:


-erie

→ Dutch: -erij

desctree

→ Middle English: -erie
English: -ery, -ry
Scots: -ery, -ry

French: -erie

→ German: -erei

→ Gallo: -eriy

Norman: -éthie

→ Swedish: -eri

Etymology tree
Latin -ārius
Old French -ier
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)der.
Ancient Greek -εύς (-eús)?
Ancient Greek -ιᾰ (-iă)
Ancient Greek -εια (-eia)der.
Latin -ia
Old French -ie
Old French -erie
From -ier + -ie.


obedience

fro-noun

obedience oblique singular, f (oblique plural obediences, nominative singular obedience, nominative plural obediences)

obedience oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
obediences (oblique plural)
obedience (nominative singular)
obediences (nominative plural)

Il comaunda par obedience Ke de la femme s’en issist

He commanded by his authority that it (the evil spirit) come out of her


obedient

head

obedient m (oblique and nominative feminine singular obedient or obediente)

obedient (feminine nominative oblique singular)
obediente (feminine nominative oblique singular)
obedienz (masculine singular subjective)
obedients (masculine singular subjective)
obediente (feminine singular subjective)
obedient (neuter singular subjective)
obedient (masculine oblique singular)
obediente (feminine oblique singular)
obedient (neuter oblique singular)
obediente (oblique singular)
obedient (oblique singular)
obedient (masculine plural subjective)
obedientes (feminine plural subjective)
obedient (neuter plural subjective)
obedient (plural subjective)
obedienz (masculine oblique plural)
obedients (masculine oblique plural)
obedientes (feminine oblique plural)
obedient (neuter oblique plural)
obedientes (oblique plural)
obedient (oblique plural)

From Latin oboediēns, present active participle of oboediō (“obey”).


forger

forger (infinitive)
avoir forgé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en forjant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
forjant (participle present)
forgé (participle past)
forge (first-person indicative present singular)
forges (indicative present second-person singular)
forge (indicative present singular third-person)
forjons (first-person indicative plural present)
forgez (indicative plural present second-person)
forgent (indicative plural present third-person)
forjoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
forgeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
forjoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
forgeve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
forjoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
forgeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
forjoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
forgeves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
forjoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
forgeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
forjot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
forgeve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
forgiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
forgiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
forgiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
forgiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
forjoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
forgeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
forjoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
forgevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
forjai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
forjas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
forja (indicative preterite singular third-person)
forjames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
forjastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
forgerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
forgerai (first-person future indicative singular)
forgeras (future indicative second-person singular)
forgera (future indicative singular third-person)
forgerons (first-person future indicative plural)
forgeroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
forgereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
forgerez (future indicative plural second-person)
forgeront (future indicative plural third-person)
forgeroie (conditional first-person singular)
forgereie (conditional first-person singular)
forgeroies (conditional second-person singular)
forgereies (conditional second-person singular)
forgeroit (conditional singular third-person)
forgereit (conditional singular third-person)
forgeriiens (conditional first-person plural)
forgeriens (conditional first-person plural)
forgeriiez (conditional plural second-person)
forgeriez (conditional plural second-person)
forgeroient (conditional plural third-person)
forgereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
forge (first-person present singular subjunctive)
forges (present second-person singular subjunctive)
forge (present singular subjunctive third-person)
forjons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
forgez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
forgent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
forjasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
forjasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
forjast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
forgissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
forgissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
forgissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
forgissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
forgissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
forjassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
forge (imperative second-person singular)
forjons (first-person imperative plural)
forgez (imperative plural second-person)


oblivion

fro-noun

oblivion oblique singular, f (oblique plural oblivions, nominative singular oblivion, nominative plural oblivions)

oblivion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
oblivions (oblique plural)
oblivion (nominative singular)
oblivions (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: oblivion, oblivioun, oblyvyon, oblyvyone, oblyvyoun
English: oblivion


mouton

fro-noun

mouton oblique singular, m (oblique plural moutons, nominative singular moutons, nominative plural mouton)

mouton oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
moutons (oblique plural)
moutons (nominative singular)
mouton (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: mouton
French: mouton
Haitian Creole: mouton
Louisiana Creole: mouton
Seychellois Creole: mouton
→ English: mouton
>? Galician: motóa

Norman: mouton

Walloon: moton

→ Middle English: motoun, moton, motun, moten, mutoun, motone, mutton, motton, motene
English: mutton
Scots: mutton
Yola: muthon, mothoon

From Vulgar Latin moltō, from Gaulish *multon-, from Proto-Celtic *moltos.


chier

head

chier m (oblique and nominative feminine singular chiere)

chiere (feminine nominative oblique singular)
chiers (masculine singular subjective)
chiere (feminine singular subjective)
chier (neuter singular subjective)
chier (masculine oblique singular)
chiere (feminine oblique singular)
chier (neuter oblique singular)
chiere (oblique singular)
chier (oblique singular)
chier (masculine plural subjective)
chieres (feminine plural subjective)
chier (neuter plural subjective)
chier (plural subjective)
chiers (masculine oblique plural)
chieres (feminine oblique plural)
chier (neuter oblique plural)
chieres (oblique plural)
chier (oblique plural)

Middle French: chier

French: cher

Norman: chiaer (Guernsey), chièr (Jersey)

A Abevile ot un bouchier,
Que si voison orent molt chier.

12th or 13th century, author unknown, Le Bouchier D'Abevile:

In Abbeville there was a butcher
Held in high esteem by his neighbors.

Itant out li Quens un present
D'une cupe chiere d'argent

At this moment he presented the Count
With a valuable silver cup

si come li sires qui vuet en petit leu amasser choses de grandisme vaillance […] por acroistre son pooir […] i met il les plus chieres choses et les plus precieux joiaus que il puet, selonc sa bone entencion, tout autressi est li cors de cest livre compilez de sapience

1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “Cist premiers livres parole de la naissance de toutes choses [This first book talks about the birth of all things]” (chapter 1), Livre I - Premiere partie, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 1:

Just like the lord, who wishes to accumulate very valuable things in a tiny place […] in order to increase his power, […] puts there—according to his good intention—the most valuable things and the most precious jewels he can, so the body of this book is filled with knowledge


plaie

fro-noun

plaie oblique singular, f (oblique plural plaies, nominative singular plaie, nominative plural plaies)

plaie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
plaies (oblique plural)
plaie (nominative singular)
plaies (nominative plural)

French: plaie


covert

English: covert

French: couvert


sermon

sermon oblique singular, m (oblique plural sermons, nominative singular sermons, nominative plural sermon)

sermon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sermons (oblique plural)
sermons (nominative singular)
sermon (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: sermun

desctree

→ Middle English: sermoun, sermon, sermun, sarmoun, sarmoune, sermown, sermond, sermone
English: sermon, sarmon (dialectal)
Scots: sermon

Bourguignon: sarmon

French: sermon

Walloon: siermon

Learned borrowing from Latin sermō, sermōnem.


salir

salir (infinitive)
avoir sali (infinitive multiword-construction)
sailli (infinitive multiword-construction)
en salant (gerund)
saillant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
salant (participle present)
saillant (participle present)
sali (participle past)
sailli (participle past)
sail (first-person indicative present singular)
saus (indicative present second-person singular)
saut (indicative present singular third-person)
salons (first-person indicative plural present)
saillons (first-person indicative plural present)
salez (indicative plural present second-person)
sailliez (indicative plural present second-person)
salent (indicative plural present third-person)
saillent (indicative plural present third-person)
saloie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
saleie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sailloie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sailleie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
saloies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
saleies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sailloies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sailleies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
saloit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
saleit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sailloit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sailleit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
saliiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
saliens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sailliiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sailliens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
saliiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
saliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sailliiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sailliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
saloient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
saleient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sailloient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sailleient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sali (first-person indicative preterite singular)
sailli (first-person indicative preterite singular)
salis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
saillis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
sali (indicative preterite singular third-person)
sailli (indicative preterite singular third-person)
salimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
saillimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
salistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
saillistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
salirent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
saillirent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
saudrai (first-person future indicative singular)
saudras (future indicative second-person singular)
saudra (future indicative singular third-person)
saudrons (first-person future indicative plural)
saudroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
saudreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
saudrez (future indicative plural second-person)
saudront (future indicative plural third-person)
saudroie (conditional first-person singular)
saudreie (conditional first-person singular)
saudroies (conditional second-person singular)
saudreies (conditional second-person singular)
saudroit (conditional singular third-person)
saudreit (conditional singular third-person)
saudriiens (conditional first-person plural)
saudriens (conditional first-person plural)
saudriiez (conditional plural second-person)
saudriez (conditional plural second-person)
saudroient (conditional plural third-person)
saudreient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
saille (first-person present singular subjunctive)
sailles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
saille (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sailliens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
saillons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sailliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
saillent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
saillise (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
saillises (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
saillit (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
saillisons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
saillisiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
saillisoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
saillisez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
saillisiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
saillisent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sail (imperative second-person singular)
salons (first-person imperative plural)
saillons (first-person imperative plural)
salez (imperative plural second-person)
sailliez (imperative plural second-person)

Middle French: saillir

French: saillir

From Latin salīre. Compare Italian salire.


turner

turner (infinitive)
avoir turné (infinitive multiword-construction)
en turnant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
turnant (participle present)
turné (participle past)
turn (first-person indicative present singular)
turnes (indicative present second-person singular)
turne (indicative present singular third-person)
turnons (first-person indicative plural present)
turnez (indicative plural present second-person)
turnent (indicative plural present third-person)
turnoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
turneie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
turnoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
turneve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
turnoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
turneies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
turnoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
turneves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
turnoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
turneit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
turnot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
turneve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
turniiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
turniens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
turniiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
turniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
turnoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
turneient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
turnoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
turnevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
turnai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
turnas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
turna (indicative preterite singular third-person)
turnames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
turnastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
turnerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
turnerai (first-person future indicative singular)
turneras (future indicative second-person singular)
turnera (future indicative singular third-person)
turnerons (first-person future indicative plural)
turneroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
turnereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
turnerez (future indicative plural second-person)
turneront (future indicative plural third-person)
turneroie (conditional first-person singular)
turnereie (conditional first-person singular)
turneroies (conditional second-person singular)
turnereies (conditional second-person singular)
turneroit (conditional singular third-person)
turnereit (conditional singular third-person)
turneriiens (conditional first-person plural)
turneriens (conditional first-person plural)
turneriiez (conditional plural second-person)
turneriez (conditional plural second-person)
turneroient (conditional plural third-person)
turnereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
turn (first-person present singular subjunctive)
turz (present second-person singular subjunctive)
turt (present singular subjunctive third-person)
turnons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
turnez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
turnent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
turnasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
turnasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
turnast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
turnissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
turnissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
turnissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
turnissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
turnissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
turnassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
turne (imperative second-person singular)
turnons (first-person imperative plural)
turnez (imperative plural second-person)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of torner


gal

fro-noun

gal oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaus or gax or gals, nominative singular gaus or gax or gals, nominative plural gal)

gal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gaus (oblique plural)
gax (oblique plural)
gals (oblique plural)
gaus (nominative singular)
gax (nominative singular)
gals (nominative singular)
gal (nominative plural)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Transalpine Gaulish *gallos.


-ment

Middle French: -ment
French: -ment

Norman: -ment

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *men-
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *méntis
Proto-Italic *mentis
Latin mēns
Latin mente
Old French -ment
Inherited from Latin mente, from mēns, from Proto-Italic *mentis, from Proto-Indo-European *méntis, from *men- + *-tis.

etymon

Attaches to an adjective in the feminine singular to form the corresponding adverb.


-ment

desctree

Middle French: -ment
French: -ment
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -ment

→ Middle English: -ment
English: -ment
Scots: -ment

Forms nouns from verbs, usually indicating a resulting action or state.


-ise

franc + -ise → franchise

cuinte + -ise → cuintise

used to form feminine nouns, often denoting a state or quality


cope

fro-noun

cope oblique singular, f (oblique plural copes, nominative singular cope, nominative plural copes)

cope oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
copes (oblique plural)
cope (nominative singular)
copes (nominative plural)

French: coupe
→ English: coupe

Norman: coupe


bois

bois oblique singular, m (oblique plural bois, nominative singular bois, nominative plural bois)

bois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bois (oblique plural)
bois (nominative singular)
bois (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: boo

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: bou

Middle French: bois, boys, boiz

French: bois

Haitian Creole: bwa

Gallo: boéz, (Ille, Vilaine) boueil

Norman: bouais (Jersiais), bwee (Sercquiais)

Orléanais: boué (Solognot)

Picard: bôs (Athois), bos (Ch'ti)

Walloon: bos (Charleroi), bwès (Forrières, Liégeois)

⇒ Old French: bousquet, bochet, bouquet

Middle French: bouquet, boucquet

French: bouquet

→ English: bouquet

Gallo: bóqèt

Norman: boûquet

Picard: bouqueû, bouqueut

Walloon: boukèt

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin boscus, borrowed from Frankish *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.


soir

fro-noun

soir oblique singular, m (oblique plural soirs, nominative singular soirs, nominative plural soir)

soir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
soirs (oblique plural)
soirs (nominative singular)
soir (nominative plural)

French: soir

Norman: sei

Picard: soir

From earlier seir, from Latin sērō (“late”, adverb), from sērus (“late”).


cuire

cuire (infinitive)
avoir cuit (infinitive multiword-construction)
en cuisant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
cuisant (participle present)
cuit (participle past)
cuis (first-person indicative present singular)
cui (first-person indicative present singular)
cuis (indicative present second-person singular)
cuist (indicative present singular third-person)
cuit (indicative present singular third-person)
cuisons (first-person indicative plural present)
cuions (first-person indicative plural present)
cuisiez (indicative plural present second-person)
cuiiez (indicative plural present second-person)
cuisent (indicative plural present third-person)
cuient (indicative plural present third-person)
cuisoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cuiseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cuisoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cuiseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cuisoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cuiseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cuisiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
cuisiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
cuisiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
cuisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
cuisoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cuiseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cuis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
cuisis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
cuist (indicative preterite singular third-person)
cuisimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
cuisistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
cuistrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
cuirai (first-person future indicative singular)
cuiras (future indicative second-person singular)
cuira (future indicative singular third-person)
cuirons (first-person future indicative plural)
cuiroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
cuireiz (future indicative plural second-person)
cuirez (future indicative plural second-person)
cuiront (future indicative plural third-person)
cuiroie (conditional first-person singular)
cuireie (conditional first-person singular)
cuiroies (conditional second-person singular)
cuireies (conditional second-person singular)
cuiroit (conditional singular third-person)
cuireit (conditional singular third-person)
cuiriiens (conditional first-person plural)
cuiriens (conditional first-person plural)
cuiriiez (conditional plural second-person)
cuiriez (conditional plural second-person)
cuiroient (conditional plural third-person)
cuireient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
cuise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cuie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cuises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cuies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cuise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cuie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cuisiens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cuisons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cuiiens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cuions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cuisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cuiiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cuisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cuient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cuisisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
cuisisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
cuisist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
cuisissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
cuisissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
cuisissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cuisissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cuisissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cuisissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
cuis (imperative second-person singular)
cui (imperative second-person singular)
cuisons (first-person imperative plural)
cuions (first-person imperative plural)
cuisiez (imperative plural second-person)
cuiiez (imperative plural second-person)

desctree

Middle French: cuyre, cuire
French: cuire
→ Esperanto: kuiri

Norman: cuire (Guernsey), tchuithe (Jersey)

Walloon: cure

From Late Latin cocere, from Latin coquere.


bas

head

bas m (oblique and nominative feminine singular base)

base (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: bas

Norman: bas

desctree

→ Middle English: bas, baas, bace, base, bass, basse
English: base, bass
Scots: base


nul

head

nul m (oblique and nominative feminine singular nule)

nule (feminine nominative oblique singular)

desctree

Middle French: nul
French: nul
→ English: null

→ Dutch: nul
Afrikaans: nul
Javindo: nul
→ Caribbean Javanese: nel
→ Indonesian: nol
→ Papiamentu: nulo


foire

fro-noun

foire oblique singular, f (oblique plural foires, nominative singular foire, nominative plural foires)

foire oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
foires (oblique plural)
foire (nominative singular)
foires (nominative plural)

French: foire

desctree

→ Middle English: feyre, faire, fare
English: fair
Yola: feyer, vaar

From a Vulgar Latin *fēria, from the classical Latin plural noun fēriae.

Quant la foire iert plainne au Lendi

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:

When the celebration was in full swing on Monday


devoir

devoir (infinitive)
avoir deu (infinitive multiword-construction)
en devant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
devant (participle present)
deu (participle past)
doi (first-person indicative present singular)
dois (indicative present second-person singular)
doit (indicative present singular third-person)
devons (first-person indicative plural present)
devez (indicative plural present second-person)
doivent (indicative plural present third-person)
devoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
deveie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
devoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
deveies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
devoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deveit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deviiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deviens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deviiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
deviez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
devoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
deveient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dui (first-person indicative preterite singular)
deüs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
dut (indicative preterite singular third-person)
deümes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
deüstes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
durent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
devrai (first-person future indicative singular)
devras (future indicative second-person singular)
devra (future indicative singular third-person)
devrons (first-person future indicative plural)
devroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
devreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
devrez (future indicative plural second-person)
devront (future indicative plural third-person)
devroie (conditional first-person singular)
devreie (conditional first-person singular)
devroies (conditional second-person singular)
devreies (conditional second-person singular)
devroit (conditional singular third-person)
devreit (conditional singular third-person)
devriiens (conditional first-person plural)
devriens (conditional first-person plural)
devriiez (conditional plural second-person)
devriez (conditional plural second-person)
devroient (conditional plural third-person)
devreient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
doie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
doive (first-person present singular subjunctive)
doies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
doives (present second-person singular subjunctive)
doie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
doive (present singular subjunctive third-person)
doiiens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
doions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
devons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
doiiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
devez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
doient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
doivent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
deüsse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
deüsses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
deüst (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
deüssons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
deüssiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
deüssoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
deüssez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
deüssiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
deüssent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)


devoir

fro-noun

devoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural devoirs, nominative singular devoirs, nominative plural devoir)

devoir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
devoirs (oblique plural)
devoirs (nominative singular)
devoir (nominative plural)

Angevin: devair

Gallo: devair

Lorrain: devor

Middle French: debvoir (see there for further descendants)

Norman: deveir

Picard: dvoér

Walloon: diveur


demander

demander (infinitive)
avoir demandé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en demandant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
demandant (participle present)
demandé (participle past)
demant (first-person indicative present singular)
demandes (indicative present second-person singular)
demande (indicative present singular third-person)
demandons (first-person indicative plural present)
demandez (indicative plural present second-person)
demandent (indicative plural present third-person)
demandoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
demandeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
demandoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
demandeve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
demandoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
demandeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
demandoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
demandeves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
demandoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
demandeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
demandot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
demandeve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
demandiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
demandiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
demandiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
demandiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
demandoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
demandeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
demandoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
demandevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
demandai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
demandas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
demanda (indicative preterite singular third-person)
demandames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
demandastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
demanderent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
demanderai (first-person future indicative singular)
demanderas (future indicative second-person singular)
demandera (future indicative singular third-person)
demanderons (first-person future indicative plural)
demanderoiz (future indicative plural second-person)
demandereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
demanderez (future indicative plural second-person)
demanderont (future indicative plural third-person)
demanderoie (conditional first-person singular)
demandereie (conditional first-person singular)
demanderoies (conditional second-person singular)
demandereies (conditional second-person singular)
demanderoit (conditional singular third-person)
demandereit (conditional singular third-person)
demanderiiens (conditional first-person plural)
demanderiens (conditional first-person plural)
demanderiiez (conditional plural second-person)
demanderiez (conditional plural second-person)
demanderoient (conditional plural third-person)
demandereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
demant (first-person present singular subjunctive)
demanz (present second-person singular subjunctive)
demant (present singular subjunctive third-person)
demandons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
demandez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
demandent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
demandasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
demandasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
demandast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
demandissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
demandissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
demandissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
demandissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
demandissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
demandassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
demande (imperative second-person singular)
demandons (first-person imperative plural)
demandez (imperative plural second-person)

English: to demand

Middle French: demander

French: demander

Norman: d'màndaïr (Guernsey), d'mander (Jersey)


omnipotent

head

omnipotent m (oblique and nominative feminine singular omnipotent or omnipotente)

omnipotent (feminine nominative oblique singular)
omnipotente (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: omnipotent

Learned borrowing from Latin omnipotēns (“almighty”). By surface analysis, omni- + potent.

lbor

car tu es Deu omnipotent

13th century, Unknown, La Vie de Saint Laurent, page 13, column 2, line 30:


savoir

savoir (infinitive)
avoir seü (infinitive multiword-construction)
en savant (gerund)
sachant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
savant (participle present)
sachant (participle present)
seü (participle past)
sai (first-person indicative present singular)
ses (indicative present second-person singular)
set (indicative present singular third-person)
savons (first-person indicative plural present)
savez (indicative plural present second-person)
sevent (indicative plural present third-person)
savoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
saveie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
savoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
saveies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
savoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
saveit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
saviiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
saviens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
saviiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
saviez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
savoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
saveient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
soi (first-person indicative preterite singular)
seüs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
sot (indicative preterite singular third-person)
seümes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
seüstes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
sorent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
savrai (first-person future indicative singular)
sarai (first-person future indicative singular)
savras (future indicative second-person singular)
saras (future indicative second-person singular)
savra (future indicative singular third-person)
sara (future indicative singular third-person)
savrons (first-person future indicative plural)
sarons (first-person future indicative plural)
savroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
savreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
savrez (future indicative plural second-person)
saroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
sareiz (future indicative plural second-person)
sarez (future indicative plural second-person)
savront (future indicative plural third-person)
saront (future indicative plural third-person)
savroie (conditional first-person singular)
savreie (conditional first-person singular)
saroie (conditional first-person singular)
sareie (conditional first-person singular)
savroies (conditional second-person singular)
savreies (conditional second-person singular)
saroies (conditional second-person singular)
sareies (conditional second-person singular)
savroit (conditional singular third-person)
savreit (conditional singular third-person)
saroit (conditional singular third-person)
sareit (conditional singular third-person)
savriiens (conditional first-person plural)
savriens (conditional first-person plural)
sariiens (conditional first-person plural)
sariens (conditional first-person plural)
savriiez (conditional plural second-person)
savriez (conditional plural second-person)
sariiez (conditional plural second-person)
sariez (conditional plural second-person)
savroient (conditional plural third-person)
savreient (conditional plural third-person)
saroient (conditional plural third-person)
sareient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
sache (first-person present singular subjunctive)
saches (present second-person singular subjunctive)
sache (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sachiens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sachons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sachiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sachent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
seüsse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
seüsses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
seüst (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
seüssons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
seüssiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
seüssoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
seüssez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
seüssiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
seüssent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sache (imperative second-person singular)
sachiens (first-person imperative plural)
sachons (first-person imperative plural)
sachiez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapere (“taste, know”).

Mes qui l’apele il ne le sot :
Fantosme cuide que ce soit.

c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:

But he did not know who was calling him
He thought that it was a ghost

Et mult sot de chiens et d'oisiax

And he knew much about dogs and about birds

molt bien savoit le latin


savoir

fro-noun

savoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural savoirs, nominative singular savoirs, nominative plural savoir)

savoir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
savoirs (oblique plural)
savoirs (nominative singular)
savoir (nominative plural)

Angevin: sçavouèr

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: savoér

Bourguignon: saivoi

Champenois: saouâr

Franc-Comtois: saivoi

Gallo: savair

Lorrain: sahoir

Middle French: sçavoir

French: savoir

Norman: saveî, saver

Picard: savoèr

Poitevin-Saintongeais: saver

Walloon: saveur


Marie

French: Marie (see there for further descendants)

desctree

⇒ French: Manon (diminutive)
→ Dutch: Manon

⇒ French: Marise (diminutive)

→ Dutch: Marijse

Norman: Marie

Walloon: Mareye

→ Middle English: Mary

English: Mary (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Mairy

⇒ Middle English: Moll, Molle (lambdacism)

English: Molly, Mollie
→ Irish: Mallaidh
→ Swedish: Molly

⇒ English: Polly

Scots: Mailie

⇒ Old French: Marion (diminutive)
Middle French: Marion
French: Marion
→ Danish: Marion
→ German: Marion
→ Norwegian: Marion
→ Swedish: Marion
→ English: Marion, Marian

a female given name, equivalent to English Mary


-ique

French: -ique

→ Middle English: -ik, -ike, -ique, -ic, -ice
English: -ic


cosa

fro-noun

cosa oblique singular, f (oblique plural cosas, nominative singular cosa, nominative plural cosas)

cosa oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cosas (oblique plural)
cosa (nominative singular)
cosas (nominative plural)

(very early Old French) Alternative form of chose


trop

Middle French: trop
French: trop

Norman: trop

Picard: trôp, (Athois)

Walloon: trop (Forrières), trop (Liégeois)


fermer

fermer (infinitive)
avoir fermé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en fermant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
fermant (participle present)
fermé (participle past)
ferm (first-person indicative present singular)
fermes (indicative present second-person singular)
ferme (indicative present singular third-person)
fermons (first-person indicative plural present)
fermez (indicative plural present second-person)
ferment (indicative plural present third-person)
fermoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fermeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fermoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fermeve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fermoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fermeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fermoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fermeves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fermoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fermeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fermot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fermeve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fermiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fermiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fermiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fermiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fermoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fermeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fermoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fermevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fermai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
fermas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
ferma (indicative preterite singular third-person)
fermames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
fermastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
fermerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
fermerai (first-person future indicative singular)
fermeras (future indicative second-person singular)
fermera (future indicative singular third-person)
fermerons (first-person future indicative plural)
fermeroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
fermereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
fermerez (future indicative plural second-person)
fermeront (future indicative plural third-person)
fermeroie (conditional first-person singular)
fermereie (conditional first-person singular)
fermeroies (conditional second-person singular)
fermereies (conditional second-person singular)
fermeroit (conditional singular third-person)
fermereit (conditional singular third-person)
fermeriiens (conditional first-person plural)
fermeriens (conditional first-person plural)
fermeriiez (conditional plural second-person)
fermeriez (conditional plural second-person)
fermeroient (conditional plural third-person)
fermereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
ferm (first-person present singular subjunctive)
fers (present second-person singular subjunctive)
fert (present singular subjunctive third-person)
fermons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
fermez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ferment (plural present subjunctive third-person)
fermasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fermasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fermast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fermissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fermissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fermissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fermissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fermissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fermassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ferme (imperative second-person singular)
fermons (first-person imperative plural)
fermez (imperative plural second-person)

French: fermer

From Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”).


ferme

fro-noun

ferme oblique singular, f (oblique plural fermes, nominative singular ferme, nominative plural fermes)

ferme oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fermes (oblique plural)
ferme (nominative singular)
fermes (nominative plural)

Middle French: ferme

French: ferme

→ Romanian: fermă

desctree

→ Middle English: ferme, farme, ferm, fyrme (Late Middle English), feorme, veorme (Early Middle English) (in part)
English: farm
→ Dutch: farm
→ Finnish: farmi
→ German: Farm
→ Portuguese: farme, farma
→ Yiddish: פֿאַרם (farm)
→ Spanish: farmear
→ Thai: ฟาร์ม (faam)
Scots: ferm
→ Welsh: fferm

From Medieval Latin ferma, firma (“rent, tax, tribute, farm”), from Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”), from Proto-Germanic *firmō, *fermō (“means of living, subsistence”), from *firhu- (“life force, body, being”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”).


ferme

oblique and nominative singular feminine of ferm


arable

head

arable m (oblique and nominative feminine singular arable)

arable (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: arable

French: arable

desctree

→ Middle English: arable, areable, arrable
English: arable


repugnant

head

repugnant m (oblique and nominative feminine singular repugnant or repugnante)

repugnant (feminine nominative oblique singular)
repugnante (feminine nominative oblique singular)

→ English: repugnant

Middle French: repugnant

French: répugnant

Borrowed from Latin repugnans, repugnantem.


procedure

fro-noun

procedure oblique singular, f (oblique plural procedures, nominative singular procedure, nominative plural procedures)

procedure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
procedures (oblique plural)
procedure (nominative singular)
procedures (nominative plural)

→ English: procedure

French: procédure

procedure (particular method for performing a task)


oracle

oracle oblique singular, m (oblique plural oracles, nominative singular oracles, nominative plural oracle)

oracle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oracles (oblique plural)
oracles (nominative singular)
oracle (nominative plural)

Middle French: oracle m

French: oracle m

desctree

→ Middle English: oracle
English: oracle
Scots: oracle

(Cir. 12th c.) Derived from Latin oraculum n.


composer

composer (infinitive)
avoir composé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en composant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
composant (participle present)
composé (participle past)
compos (first-person indicative present singular)
composes (indicative present second-person singular)
compose (indicative present singular third-person)
composons (first-person indicative plural present)
composez (indicative plural present second-person)
composent (indicative plural present third-person)
composoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
composeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
composoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
composeve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
composoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
composeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
composoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
composeves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
composoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
composeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
composot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
composeve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
composiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
composiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
composiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
composiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
composoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
composeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
composoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
composevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
composai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
composas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
composa (indicative preterite singular third-person)
composames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
composastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
composerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
composerai (first-person future indicative singular)
composeras (future indicative second-person singular)
composera (future indicative singular third-person)
composerons (first-person future indicative plural)
composeroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
composereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
composerez (future indicative plural second-person)
composeront (future indicative plural third-person)
composeroie (conditional first-person singular)
composereie (conditional first-person singular)
composeroies (conditional second-person singular)
composereies (conditional second-person singular)
composeroit (conditional singular third-person)
composereit (conditional singular third-person)
composeriiens (conditional first-person plural)
composeriens (conditional first-person plural)
composeriiez (conditional plural second-person)
composeriez (conditional plural second-person)
composeroient (conditional plural third-person)
composereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
compos (first-person present singular subjunctive)
compos (present second-person singular subjunctive)
compost (present singular subjunctive third-person)
composons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
composez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
composent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
composasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
composasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
composast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
composissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
composissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
composissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
composissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
composissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
composassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
compose (imperative second-person singular)
composons (first-person imperative plural)
composez (imperative plural second-person)

→ English: compose

French: composer

From com- + poser, as an adaptation of Latin compōnō, compōnere.

To compose; to create; to make; to manufacture.


overt

Middle French: ouvert
French: ouvert (see there for further descendants)

Norman: ouvaert, ouvert, ouvèrt

→ Middle English: overt, uverte

English: overt

Scots: overt, ovart

From Vulgar Latin *opertus, from Latin apertus.


porte

fro-noun

porte oblique singular, f (oblique plural portes, nominative singular porte, nominative plural portes)

porte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
portes (oblique plural)
porte (nominative singular)
portes (nominative plural)

Middle French: porte

French: porte

Norman: porte

Walloon: poite


overture

overture oblique singular, f (oblique plural overtures, nominative singular overture, nominative plural overtures)

overture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
overtures (oblique plural)
overture (nominative singular)
overtures (nominative plural)

Middle English:

→ English: overture

Middle French: overture

desctree

French: ouverture
→ Bulgarian: увертюра (uvertjura)
→ Danish: ouverture
→ Dutch: ouverture
→ English: ouverture
→ German: Ouvertüre
→ Greek: ουβερτούρα (ouvertoúra)
→ Italian: ouverture
→ Macedonian: уверти́ра (uvertíra)
→ Norwegian: ouverture
→ Persian: اوورتور (uvertur)
→ Polish: uwertura
→ Romanian: uvertură
→ Russian: увертю́ра (uvertjúra)
→ Azerbaijani: uvertüra
→ Kazakh: увертюра (uvertüra)
→ Kyrgyz: увертюра (uvertyura)
→ Turkmen: uwertýura
→ Uzbek: uvertyura
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: увертира
Latin script: uvertira
→ Swedish: ouvertyr
→ Turkish: uvertür
→ Ukrainian: увертю́ра (uvertjúra)

overt + -ure, from ovrir (“to open”), or from Vulgar Latin *opertūra, from Latin apertūra.

Par l'overture s'en saut hors. (Tristan, Béroul)

He jumped out through the opening.


aide

fro-noun

aide oblique singular, f (oblique plural aides, nominative singular aide, nominative plural aides)

aide oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
aides (oblique plural)
aide (nominative singular)
aides (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: aide, ayde, eyde, eide, eayde
English: aid
Scots: aid

Middle French: ayde

French: aide

→ English: aide

From aidier. The regular form would have been aie, which is in fact attested; aide is a remodeling on the verb.


tassel

fro-noun

tassel oblique singular, m (oblique plural tasseaus or tasseax or tassiaus or tassiax or tassels, nominative singular tasseaus or tasseax or tassiaus or tassiax or tassels, nominative plural tassel)

tassel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tasseaus (oblique plural)
tasseax (oblique plural)
tassiaus (oblique plural)
tassiax (oblique plural)
tassels (oblique plural)
tasseaus (nominative singular)
tasseax (nominative singular)
tassiaus (nominative singular)
tassiax (nominative singular)
tassels (nominative singular)
tassel (nominative plural)

From Late Latin taxellus, secondary form of taxillus, diminutive of Latin talus.

si em fera urle e tassels

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 98, line 909:


infection

infection oblique singular, f (oblique plural infections, nominative singular infection, nominative plural infections)

infection oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
infections (oblique plural)
infection (nominative singular)
infections (nominative plural)

la infection va tantost par tout le corps

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 172 of this essay:

the infection travels around the whole body


remission

remission oblique singular, f (oblique plural remissions, nominative singular remission, nominative plural remissions)

remission oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
remissions (oblique plural)
remission (nominative singular)
remissions (nominative plural)

→ English: remission

French: rémission

remission (pardon of a sin; the forgiveness of an offense)


faide

faide oblique singular, f (oblique plural faides, nominative singular faide, nominative plural faides)

faide oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
faides (oblique plural)
faide (nominative singular)
faides (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: fede, fed, fedd, feide
English: feud
Scots: fede, feid

Inherited from Medieval Latin faida, borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *faihiþu (“enmity; feud”).

der

the right of the family or friends of a murdered person to take revenge on the murderer


warder

warder (infinitive)
avoir wardé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en wardant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
wardant (participle present)
wardé (participle past)
wart (first-person indicative present singular)
wardes (indicative present second-person singular)
warde (indicative present singular third-person)
wardons (first-person indicative plural present)
wardez (indicative plural present second-person)
wardent (indicative plural present third-person)
wardoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wardeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wardoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wardeve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wardoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wardeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wardoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wardeves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wardoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wardeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wardot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wardeve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wardiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
wardiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
wardiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
wardiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
wardoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wardeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wardoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wardevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wardai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
wardas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
warda (indicative preterite singular third-person)
wardames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
wardastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
warderent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
warderai (first-person future indicative singular)
warderas (future indicative second-person singular)
wardera (future indicative singular third-person)
warderons (first-person future indicative plural)
warderoiz (future indicative plural second-person)
wardereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
warderez (future indicative plural second-person)
warderont (future indicative plural third-person)
warderoie (conditional first-person singular)
wardereie (conditional first-person singular)
warderoies (conditional second-person singular)
wardereies (conditional second-person singular)
warderoit (conditional singular third-person)
wardereit (conditional singular third-person)
warderiiens (conditional first-person plural)
warderiens (conditional first-person plural)
warderiiez (conditional plural second-person)
warderiez (conditional plural second-person)
warderoient (conditional plural third-person)
wardereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
wart (first-person present singular subjunctive)
warz (present second-person singular subjunctive)
wart (present singular subjunctive third-person)
wardons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
wardez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
wardent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
wardasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
wardasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
wardast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
wardissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
wardissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
wardissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
wardissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
wardissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
wardassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
warde (imperative second-person singular)
wardons (first-person imperative plural)
wardez (imperative plural second-person)

(Old Northern French, Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of guarder


parage

fro-noun

parage oblique singular, m (oblique plural parages, nominative singular parages, nominative plural parage)

parage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
parages (oblique plural)
parages (nominative singular)
parage (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle English: parage, parag, perage, porache
English: parage

French: parage

>? Sicilian: pariggiu


maintenant

French: maintenant

From maintenir + -ant. Equivalent to main + tenant.


plein

head

plein m (oblique and nominative feminine singular pleine)

pleine (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Bourguignon: pliein

Champenois: pien

French: plein

→ Middle English: pleyn

Norman: pliein (Jersey)

Walloon: plin

full (at capacity with respect to space)


fille

fro-noun

fille oblique singular, f (oblique plural filles, nominative singular fille, nominative plural filles)

fille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
filles (oblique plural)
fille (nominative singular)
filles (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: fille
French: fille
Haitian Creole: fi
Louisiana Creole: fiy

Norman: fille, fil'ye

Walloon: feye


ses

French: ses

his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive pronoun)


penitence

fro-noun

penitence oblique singular, f (oblique plural penitences, nominative singular penitence, nominative plural penitences)

penitence oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
penitences (oblique plural)
penitence (nominative singular)
penitences (nominative plural)

→ English: penitence

Middle French: penitence

French: pénitence

(chiefly Christianity) penitence (repentance for one's sins)


mais

French: mais


une

uns (masculine singular subjective)
une (feminine singular subjective)
un (masculine oblique singular)
une (feminine oblique singular)
un (masculine plural subjective)
unes (feminine plural subjective)
uns (masculine oblique plural)
unes (feminine oblique plural)

From Latin una, nominative feminine singular of ūnus (“one”).

a, an (feminine oblique singular indefinite article)

a, an (feminine nominative singular indefinite article)


plaisir

plaisir oblique singular, m (oblique plural plaisirs, nominative singular plaisirs, nominative plural plaisir)

plaisir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plaisirs (oblique plural)
plaisirs (nominative singular)
plaisir (nominative plural)


plaisir

plaisir (infinitive)
avoir pleü (infinitive multiword-construction)
en plaisant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
plaisant (participle present)
pleü (participle past)
plaz (first-person indicative present singular)
plais (first-person indicative present singular)
plais (indicative present second-person singular)
plaist (indicative present singular third-person)
plaisons (first-person indicative plural present)
plaisiez (indicative plural present second-person)
plaisent (indicative plural present third-person)
plaisoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
plaiseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
plaisoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
plaiseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
plaisoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
plaiseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
plaisiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
plaisiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
plaisiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
plaisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
plaisoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
plaiseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ploi (first-person indicative preterite singular)
pleüs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
plot (indicative preterite singular third-person)
pleümes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
pleüstes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
plorent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
plairai (first-person future indicative singular)
plairas (future indicative second-person singular)
plaira (future indicative singular third-person)
plairons (first-person future indicative plural)
plairoiz (future indicative plural second-person)
plaireiz (future indicative plural second-person)
plairez (future indicative plural second-person)
plairont (future indicative plural third-person)
plairoie (conditional first-person singular)
plaireie (conditional first-person singular)
plairoies (conditional second-person singular)
plaireies (conditional second-person singular)
plairoit (conditional singular third-person)
plaireit (conditional singular third-person)
plairiiens (conditional first-person plural)
plairiens (conditional first-person plural)
plairiiez (conditional plural second-person)
plairiez (conditional plural second-person)
plairoient (conditional plural third-person)
plaireient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
place (first-person present singular subjunctive)
plaise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
places (present second-person singular subjunctive)
plaises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
place (present singular subjunctive third-person)
plaise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
placiens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
plaçons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
plaisiens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
plaisons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
placiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
plaisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
placent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
plaisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
pleüsse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pleüsses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pleüst (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pleüssons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pleüssiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pleüssoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pleüssez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pleüssiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pleüssent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
plais (imperative second-person singular)
plaisons (first-person imperative plural)
plaisiez (imperative plural second-person)

Middle French: plaisir

French: plaisir

desctree

→ Dutch: plezier
Afrikaans: plesier
Berbice Creole Dutch: plesiri
Negerhollands: plesir, plaisi, plesi, plesier
→ Aukan: piisii
→ Indonesian: pelesir
→ Papiamentu: pleizí, plezier, pleizier
→ Saramaccan: piizíi
→ Sranan Tongo: prisiri
→ Caribbean Javanese: persiri, plesiri, presiri

→ German: Pläsier

Champenois: piagi

Norman: pliaithe

desc

→ Middle English: plesen, plaisen, plesaunte, plaisir

English: please, pleasant, pleasure

→ Irish: pléisiúr

→ Welsh: pleser