on

French: on

one (gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun)


te

you (second-person singular direct object pronoun)

to you (second-person singular indirect object pronoun)

yourself (second-person singular direct object reflexive pronoun)

to yourself (second-person singular indirect object reflexive pronoun)


el

ne puet en sun cuer el penser
fors ço sul: Tristran amer.

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 94, lines 857–8:

she cannot in her heart think of anything else
apart from one thing: to love Tristan.


me

Middle French: me

French: me

From Latin mē, accusative of ego. As an indirect object pronoun, possibly in part from Latin mihi, dative singular of ego, through a Vulgar Latin *mi (compare the form mi in particular, found in early Old French in the Oaths of Strasbourg).

myself (first-person singular reflexive pronoun)

me (first-person singular direct object pronoun)

to me (first-person singular indirect object pronoun)


li

Either directly from Latin illī, dative singular of ille (“that one”), or from reduction of Old French lui, lei, themselves from Vulgar Latin *illui, *illei. This depends on whether the innovative forms had replaced illī entirely in Gaul or whether they existed side by side with it. Compare Italian gli, Spanish le, Portuguese lhe.

Si li ancomancent a dire

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:

third-person singular indirect object pronoun; to him, to her, to it, chiefly atonic form of lui and lei


ti

your (second-person singular possessive pronoun)


se

French: se

himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)

herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)

itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)

oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)

themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)


la

desctree

Middle French: la
French: la
→ Norwegian Bokmål: la


ele

French: elle

From Latin illa (nominative), illam (accusative), feminine of ille.


je

Angevin: je

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: je

Bourguignon: i, je

Champenois: ju, je, jou

Franc-Comtois: i

Middle French: ie, je, i', j' (elided)
French: je, j'
Norman: jeo, je

Gallo: je

Lorrain: i, idj, jge, dje, jé

Orléanais: je

Picard: ej, jou

Poitevin-Saintongeais: jhe

Walloon: dji

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

e (alternative)
eo (alternative)
eu (alternative)
io (alternative)
j (alternative)
jei (alternative)
jen (alternative)
jeo (alternative)
jeu (alternative)
jo (alternative)
joe (alternative)
jou (alternative)
ju (alternative)
g (alternative)
ge (alternative)
gé (alternative)
gen (alternative)
geo (alternative)
gié (alternative)
go (alternative)
gou (alternative)
gu (alternative)

qant je vos voi de tel meniere


eles

French: elles

From Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.

they (third-person plural feminine subject pronoun)

E nule nef ne put encontre eles durer

And no boat can withstand being between them

they (third-person plural feminine stressed object pronoun)


vos

Middle French: vous

French: vous

Walloon: vos

Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

That you may be able to get rid of this blame

you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)

your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)

yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)

qant je vos voi de tel meniere

you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)


nos

Middle French: nous

French: nous

we (first-person plural subject pronoun)

our (masculine and feminine plural possessive pronoun)

to us (first-person plural indirect object pronoun)

ourselves (first-person plural reflexive pronoun)


dom

French: dont


lo

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *lo, *illu, from Latin illum; compare Old Occitan lo.

(9th and 10th centuries) Alternative form of le; masculine singular object pronoun


tei

Li Angles Dex li respundi: Tais tei


il

Middle French: il
French: il

he (third-person masculine singular subject pronoun)


il

Middle French: ils

French: ils

S'il vos poent ataindre, ja vos areient tué.

If they could range you, they would have already killed you.

they (third-person masculine plural subject pronoun)


le

Middle French: le
French: le

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.
Proto-Italic *olnos
Old Latin olle
Latin ille
Old French le
From Latin ille.


moi

Middle French: moy

French: moi


tun

(Anglo-Norman) your (second-person singular possessive pronoun)


autre

Bourguignon: autre

Gallo: aùte

desctree

Middle French: aultre, autre (less common)
French: autre

Norman: âote

Picard: aute, eute

Walloon: ôte

altra (alternative archaic)
altre (alternative archaic)
aotre (alternative)
aultre (alternative)
autra (alternative)
adre (alternative)
alte (alternative)
atre (alternative)
altro (alternative)


jo

Jo di e dirai ke jo sui

(Old Northern French) Alternative form of je


poi

French: peu


qui

Middle French: qui

French: qui

Norman: tchi

Li boins roys Artus de Bretaigne,
La qui proeche nous ensengne

c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion, lines 1–2:

The good king Arthur of Britain
Who teaches us valiance


ki

ki trop i prent son tens i pert

13th century, Unknown, La Vie de Saint Laurent, page 1, column 2, line 16:

He who spends too much of his time on it suffers as a result

m'est une anguisse el quer ferue, ki tut le cors me fet trembler

Such a pain has pierced my heart, that makes my whole body quiver

Cil sunt vassal ki les oz ajusterent.

10th century, Turold, La Chanson de Roland, page CCLVIII https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Chanson_de_Roland/Raoul_Mortier:

Great was the courage of the ones who joined these two armies in battle


ses

French: ses

his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive pronoun)


tes

French: tes


rien

Middle French: rien

French: rien

"Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien.
Seneschaus, savez vos an rien?

Yes, I remember it well
Seneschal, do you know anything about it?


nostro

(very early Old French) Alternative form of nostre


soi

third-person singular emphatic pronoun
himself

third-person singular emphatic pronoun
herself

third-person singular emphatic pronoun
itself

third-person singular emphatic pronoun
oneself


eus

French: eux

From Latin illōs, accusative masculine plural of ille.

car Saul […] les het cruelement e si chace tot dis aprés eus pur eus tuer

For Saul […] hates them so fiercly that he pursues them all day in order to kill them

them (masculine plural stressed object pronoun)


m'

ceo sacez m'amie tuit cil que te requerunt
a tun commandement merci auvrunt

13th century, Herman de Valenciennes, Assomption Nostre Dame, page 7, column 2, lines 16–17:

this you know, my friend, that all those who are looking for you
upon your command will have mercy


nostre

noz (plural)
nos (plural)
nostres (masculine singular subjective)
nostre (feminine singular subjective)
nostre (neuter singular subjective)
nostre (masculine oblique singular)
nostre (feminine oblique singular)
nostre (neuter oblique singular)
nostre (oblique singular)
nostre (masculine plural subjective)
nostres (feminine plural subjective)
noz (feminine plural subjective)
nos (feminine plural subjective)
nostre (neuter plural subjective)
nostre (plural subjective)
nostres (masculine oblique plural)
noz (masculine oblique plural)
nos (masculine oblique plural)
nostres (feminine oblique plural)
noz (feminine oblique plural)
nos (feminine oblique plural)
nostre (neuter oblique plural)
nostres (oblique plural)
noz (oblique plural)
nos (oblique plural)
nostre (oblique plural)

French: notre, nôtre


lor

la novele lor aporte

to them (third-person indirect object pronoun)


noz

French: nos

noz ennemis


nus

Alternative form of nos; we (first-person plural subject pronoun)


lour

their (third-person plural possessive pronoun)


vus

you (second-person plural subject pronoun)

you (second-person singular polite subject pronoun)


hom

French: on

From Latin homō. The use as a pronoun is a calque from West Germanic (compare Middle High German man, Middle Dutch men).

hum (alternative)
huem (alternative)
hon (alternative)
om (alternative)
on (alternative)


vostre

vostres (masculine singular subjective)
vostre (feminine singular subjective)
vostre (neuter singular subjective)
vostre (masculine oblique singular)
vostre (feminine oblique singular)
vostre (neuter oblique singular)
vostre (oblique singular)
vostre (masculine plural subjective)
vostres (feminine plural subjective)
voz (feminine plural subjective)
vos (feminine plural subjective)
vostre (neuter plural subjective)
vostre (plural subjective)
vostres (masculine oblique plural)
voz (masculine oblique plural)
vos (masculine oblique plural)
vostres (feminine oblique plural)
voz (feminine oblique plural)
vos (feminine oblique plural)
vostre (neuter oblique plural)
vostres (oblique plural)
voz (oblique plural)
vos (oblique plural)
vostre (oblique plural)

Middle French: vostre

French: votre, vôtre


persone

Middle French: personne

French: personne
Louisiana Creole: personne

Norman: pèrsonne

→ Middle English: persoun, personne
English:
parson
person
Nigerian Pidgin: pesin
→ Middle Welsh: person
Welsh: person

parsone (alternative)
persoun (alternative)
persoune (alternative)
presonne (alternative)


s'

s'oreille

his; her; its (elided form of son or sa before a word starting with a vowel)


soun

sa (feminine)
sun (alternative)
son (alternative)

his/her/one's/its (third-person singular possessive pronoun)


chascun

head

chascun m (feminine chascune, masculine plural chascuns, feminine plural chascunes)

chascune (feminine)
chascuns (masculine plural)
chascunes (feminine plural)
chescun (alternative)

From Vulgar Latin *cascunum, *casquunum, from a crossing of quisque unum with *catunum < cata unum. Latin cata was a borrowing from Ancient Greek κατά (katá). The variant Old French forms chaün, cheün, and earlier *cadhun (first attested in 842 in the Serments de Strasbourg as cadhuna) derive directly from *catunum.


plusors

plusor (nominative)
plusurs (alternative)
pluseors (alternative)
pluseurs (alternative)
plusiors (alternative)

French: plusieurs

From a Vulgar Latin *plūsiōres, alteration of Late Latin plūriōres (by influence from plūs), from Latin plūrēs.

Plusor son venu


plusurs

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of plusors


ço

Middle French: ce

French: ce

ço senefiet pais e humillitet

de ço seez aseuré


cestui

From Vulgar Latin *ecce istūi, (genitive-)dative masculine singular of *ecce iste, from Latin ecce + istī, influenced by cui (“to whom”). Compare Romanian acestui, Italian costui.


g'

Circa 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le chevalier de la charrette
"Mes va quel part que tu voldras
Et g’irai la ou tu iras."
"But go wherever you want
And I'll go where you go."


trestot

trestot (oblique singular, nominative singular trestoz or trestuit)

trestoz (nominative singular)
trestuit (nominative singular)

A cest consoil trestuit s’acordent

At this piece of advice, they all agreed


negun

negun (oblique singular, nominative singular neguns)

neguns (nominative singular)
nesun (alternative)
nun (alternative)

Vulgar Latin nec ūnus (“not even one”). Compare Galician, Spanish ningún.