ab

avoec

used throughout Old French into the Middle and modern French periods


de

Middle French: de

French: de


en

Middle French: en

French: en

Norman: en

Et pour ce qu’il se complaint moult de froit et horipilacion, pour ce au commencement on luy doit mettre les piés et les mains en eaue chaulde

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):

And if he complains about cold and shivers, to start with one must put his feet and is hands in hot water

qi en la crois fu mis

12th Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:

en paine

in (experiencing an emotion, a feeling, etc.)

en latin


vers

Middle French: vers

French: vers

Latin versus (“turned, changed, having been turned”).


es

French: ès (archaic except in fixed expressions)

l'autre partie va es muscules

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 186 of this essay:


od

Norman: d'ot


pro

(very early Old French) Alternative form of por


por

Middle French: pour
French: pour

Norman: pouor, pour (Guernsey)


avant

French: avant

Norman: avant

→ Middle English: avaunt

From Late Latin ab ante (“before, in front of”), from Latin ab (“from”) + ante (“before”).


entre

Middle French: entre
French: entre


devant

Et devant aus un nain boçu

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:


a

desctree

French: à
→ Danish: à
→ Dutch: à
→ German: à
→ Hungarian: à
→ Norwegian Bokmål: à, a
→ Swedish: à

à

not in manuscripts; occasionally used by scholars to differentiate between the preposition and the verb form

fil a putain


sus

French: sus

Norman: sus


apres

Alternative form of aprés (in original manuscripts)


ens

Middle French: ens


soz

Middle French: soubs

French: sous

Norman: souôs


malgré

Middle French: maugré
French: malgré

Anglo-Norman: malgré

→ English: maugre


dunt

Middle French: dont

French: dont

From Vulgar Latin *de unde, from Latin dē + unde.

mais de l'el dunt vos oi parler

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, page 94 (of the Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN), line 853:


fors

Middle French: fors

French: hors (or from defors)

Et je reconois et otroi
Que nus n'i a coupes fors moi

And I recognize and admit
That nobody is responsible apart from me


prés

French: près

pres

manuscript form or alternative normalized form


jusque

French: jusque


en avant

d'ore en avant

de ci en avant


avoec

French: avec

Bourguignon: aivou

Champenois: aiveu, aveu

Picard: aveuc

Narom: aveu

Walloon: avou


cuntre

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of contre


sanz

French: sans

Latin sine. Cognates include Spanish sin and Italian senza


dedenz

French: dedans


deriere

French: derrière


seur

Middle French: sur

French: sur


defors

Middle French: defors, dehors

French: dehors

From Vulgar Latin dē forīs, from Latin dē + forīs (“outdoors”).


ariere

French: arrière

→ English: arrear

From Vulgar Latin *ad retrō (literally “to the rear”), from Latin ad + retrō.


selonc

si come li sires qui vuet en petit leu amasser choses de grandisme vaillance […] por acroistre son pooir […] i met il les plus chieres choses et les plus precieux joiaus que il puet, selonc sa bone entencion, tout autressi est li cors de cest livre compilez de sapience

1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “Cist premiers livres parole de la naissance de toutes choses [This first book talks about the birth of all things]” (chapter 1), Livre I - Premiere partie, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 1:

Just like the lord, who wishes to accumulate very valuable things in a tiny place in order to increase his power, puts—according to his good intention—the dearest and most precious jewels he can there, so the body of this book is filled with knowledge


sulunc

French: selon

Norman: s'lon (Jersey)

Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *sublungum, from Latin sub + longum. Alternatively from a supposed Old French *seon or from son (itself from Latin secundum; compare Old Occitan segon), later crossed with long, lonc.


desous

French: dessous


desus

French: dessus


countre

(late Anglo-Norman) Alternative spelling of cuntre


ains

Middle French: ains

French: ains

From Vulgar Latin *antius, from Latin ante. Compare also Italian anzi, Catalan ans.

ains ton jugement


dusqu'a

French: jusqu’à


entor

French: alentour (contraction of Old French a l'entor)

Entor la bierre i ot maint chevallier.

12ᵗʰ Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:


denz

Bourguignon: dians

French: dans

Norman: dans, dauns

Picard: dins


ꝑ

(Anglo-Norman, siglum) Scribal abbreviation of par.


non obstant

French: nonobstant


ainz

From Proto-Romance *antius, from ante + -ius. Compare Italian anzi and Catalan ans.


enz

French: endéans


tresque

Carles li reis, nostre emper[er]e magnes / Set anz tuz pleins ad estet en Espaigne: / Tresqu'en la mer cunquist la tere altaigne.

c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland, lines 1–3:

Charlemagne the king, our emperor, has been seven whole years in Spain: conquering the highland all the way to the sea.


felonc

From former handwriting and printing practices of writing initial and medial ⟨s⟩ as ⟨ſ⟩.

1376, 2 Rot. Parl. 355

...but let them be duly punished according to their deserts ...

...mais q'ils soient duement puniz felonc leur desert...

Misspelling of selonc, alternative form of sulunc.