limer

limer oblique singular, m (oblique plural limers, nominative singular limers, nominative plural limer)

limer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
limers (oblique plural)
limers (nominative singular)
limer (nominative plural)

English: limer


forfait

fro-noun

forfait oblique singular, m (oblique plural forfaiz or forfaitz, nominative singular forfaiz or forfaitz, nominative plural forfait)

forfait oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
forfaiz (oblique plural)
forfaitz (oblique plural)
forfaiz (nominative singular)
forfaitz (nominative singular)
forfait (nominative plural)

desctree

French: forfait
→ Catalan: forfet
→ Italian: forfait

→ Middle English: forfait
English: forfeit

Norman: forfait (Jersey)

Por quel pechié ? Por quel forfet ?

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:


taverne

fro-noun

taverne oblique singular, f (oblique plural tavernes, nominative singular taverne, nominative plural tavernes)

taverne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tavernes (oblique plural)
taverne (nominative singular)
tavernes (nominative plural)

Middle French: taverne

French: taverne
→ Romanian: tavernă

→ Irish: tábhairne

→ Middle Dutch: taverne

Dutch: taverne

→ Middle English: taverne

English: tavern

Scots: tavern


garenne

garenne oblique singular, f (oblique plural garennes, nominative singular garenne, nominative plural garennes)

garenne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
garennes (oblique plural)
garenne (nominative singular)
garennes (nominative plural)

Said to be of Celtic/Gaulish origin, from *varenna (“enclosed area”), from *varros (“post”); but more likely from guarir (“to defend”).

warren (enclosed piece of land set aside for breeding game, especially rabbits)


costé

costé oblique singular, m (oblique plural costez, nominative singular costez, nominative plural costé)

costé oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
costez (oblique plural)
costez (nominative singular)
costé (nominative plural)


discrasie

discrasie oblique singular, f (oblique plural discrasies, nominative singular discrasie, nominative plural discrasies)

discrasie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
discrasies (oblique plural)
discrasie (nominative singular)
discrasies (nominative plural)

→ English: dyscrasy

French: dyscrasie


nevou

nevou oblique singular, m (oblique plural nevous, nominative singular niés, nominative plural nevou)

nevou oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nevous (oblique plural)
niés (nominative singular)
nevou (nominative plural)


hostesse

hostesse oblique singular, f (oblique plural hostesses, nominative singular hostesse, nominative plural hostesses)

hostesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
hostesses (oblique plural)
hostesse (nominative singular)
hostesses (nominative plural)


esperance

esperance oblique singular, f (oblique plural esperances, nominative singular esperance, nominative plural esperances)

esperance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
esperances (oblique plural)
esperance (nominative singular)
esperances (nominative plural)

Middle French: esperance

French: espérance

esperer + -ance, possibly corresponding to Vulgar Latin spērāntia, from Latin spērāns.


companie

companie oblique singular, f (oblique plural companies, nominative singular companie, nominative plural companies)

companie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
companies (oblique plural)
companie (nominative singular)
companies (nominative plural)


injurie

injurie oblique singular, f (oblique plural injuries, nominative singular injurie, nominative plural injuries)

injurie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
injuries (oblique plural)
injurie (nominative singular)
injuries (nominative plural)

→ English: injury

French: injure


adustion

adustion oblique singular, f (oblique plural adustions, nominative singular adustion, nominative plural adustions)

adustion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
adustions (oblique plural)
adustion (nominative singular)
adustions (nominative plural)


ruge

ruge oblique singular, m (oblique plural ruges, nominative singular ruges, nominative plural ruge)

ruge oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ruges (oblique plural)
ruges (nominative singular)
ruge (nominative plural)


merite

merite oblique singular, f (oblique plural merites, nominative singular merite, nominative plural merites)

merite oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
merites (oblique plural)
merite (nominative singular)
merites (nominative plural)


possesion

possesion oblique singular, f (oblique plural possesions, nominative singular possesion, nominative plural possesions)

possesion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
possesions (oblique plural)
possesion (nominative singular)
possesions (nominative plural)


sarcu

sarcu oblique singular, m (oblique plural sarcus, nominative singular sarcus, nominative plural sarcu)

sarcu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sarcus (oblique plural)
sarcus (nominative singular)
sarcu (nominative plural)


parement

parement oblique singular, m (oblique plural paremenz or parementz, nominative singular paremenz or parementz, nominative plural parement)

parement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
paremenz (oblique plural)
parementz (oblique plural)
paremenz (nominative singular)
parementz (nominative singular)
parement (nominative plural)

→ English: parament


frenesie

frenesie oblique singular, f (oblique plural frenesies, nominative singular frenesie, nominative plural frenesies)

frenesie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
frenesies (oblique plural)
frenesie (nominative singular)
frenesies (nominative plural)

desc

Middle French: frenesie, frenaisie, frénésie

French: frénésie

desctree

→ Middle English: frenesie, ffransy, ffrenesye, franesie, fransey, fransie, fransye, frenesy, frenesye, frensy, frensye
English: frenzy
Scots: franazy (obsolete)

Semi-learned borrowing from Medieval Latin phrenesia (possibly replacing inherited *fernise), modification of Latin phrenēsis. Compare frenetique.

slbor

frenzy (violent agitation of the mind approaching madness; rage)


blet

fro-noun

blet oblique singular, m (oblique plural blez or bletz, nominative singular blez or bletz, nominative plural blet)

blet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
blez (oblique plural)
bletz (oblique plural)
blez (nominative singular)
bletz (nominative singular)
blet (nominative plural)

French: blé

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin bladum.


rubin

fro-noun

rubin oblique singular, m (oblique plural rubins, nominative singular rubins, nominative plural rubin)

rubin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rubins (oblique plural)
rubins (nominative singular)
rubin (nominative plural)

French: rubis

desctree

→ Middle English: ruby, rebe, ribe, rube, rubee, rubie, rybe, ryby
English: ruby

Norman: rubis

Borrowed from Medieval Latin rubinus (“ruby”), from Latin rubeus (“red”).


soun

fro-noun

soun oblique singular, m (oblique plural souns, nominative singular souns, nominative plural soun)

soun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
souns (oblique plural)
souns (nominative singular)
soun (nominative plural)

→ English: sound

Pur la mort son pere plure a mout haut soun

After the death of his father, he wailed loudly (literally, 'with very high sound')


pourriture

pourriture oblique singular, f (oblique plural pourritures, nominative singular pourriture, nominative plural pourritures)

pourriture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pourritures (oblique plural)
pourriture (nominative singular)
pourritures (nominative plural)


marinier

marinier oblique singular, m (oblique plural mariniers, nominative singular mariniers, nominative plural marinier)

marinier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mariniers (oblique plural)
mariniers (nominative singular)
marinier (nominative plural)

les mariniers dedanz les nes.


infinitif

infinitif oblique singular, m (oblique plural infinitis, nominative singular infinitis, nominative plural infinitif)

infinitif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
infinitis (oblique plural)
infinitis (nominative singular)
infinitif (nominative plural)

French: infinitif

Norman: înfinnitif


buket

buket oblique singular, m (oblique plural bukez or buketz, nominative singular bukez or buketz, nominative plural buket)

buket oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bukez (oblique plural)
buketz (oblique plural)
bukez (nominative singular)
buketz (nominative singular)
buket (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: boket, bocket, buket, boget
English: bucket
→ Farefare: bɔgtɛ
→ Japanese: バケツ (baketsu)
→ Maori: pākete
Scots: bucket
Yola: buckate


regne

fro-noun

regne oblique singular, m (oblique plural regnes, nominative singular regnes, nominative plural regne)

regne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
regnes (oblique plural)
regnes (nominative singular)
regne (nominative plural)

Middle French: regne

French: règne


pome

pome oblique singular, f (oblique plural pomes, nominative singular pome, nominative plural pomes)

pome oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pomes (oblique plural)
pome (nominative singular)
pomes (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: pome

French: pomme (see there for further descendants)

desc

Norman: paomme, pomme, poumme (Jersey), poume (continental Norman), pum (Sark), poume, paomme (Guernsey), pomme, poumme (Jersey), pum (Sark), pum, paomme (Guernsey), pomme, poumme (Jersey), poume (continental Norman)

Picard: peimme

Walloon: peme

desctree

→ Middle English: pome, pomme, poume, pumpe, pompy
English: pome

From Latin pōma, plural of pōmum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.


jur

fro-noun

jur oblique singular, m (oblique plural jurs, nominative singular jurs, nominative plural jur)

jur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jurs (oblique plural)
jurs (nominative singular)
jur (nominative plural)


université

université oblique singular, f (oblique plural universitez, nominative singular université, nominative plural universitez)

université oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
universitez (oblique plural)
université (nominative singular)
universitez (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: universite

university (institution of higher education)


legende

legende oblique singular, f (oblique plural legendes, nominative singular legende, nominative plural legendes)

legende oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
legendes (oblique plural)
legende (nominative singular)
legendes (nominative plural)

> French: légende (inherited)

desctree

→ Middle English: legende, legande, legant, legent
English: legend
Scots: leegend

legend (story of unknown origin describing plausible but extraordinary past events; in particular an account the life of a saint)


canevas

fro-noun

canevas oblique singular, m (oblique plural canevas, nominative singular canevas, nominative plural canevas)

canevas oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
canevas (oblique plural)
canevas (nominative singular)
canevas (nominative plural)


quadre

quadre oblique singular, m (oblique plural quadres, nominative singular quadres, nominative plural quadre)

quadre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
quadres (oblique plural)
quadres (nominative singular)
quadre (nominative plural)


gote

gote oblique singular, f (oblique plural gotes, nominative singular gote, nominative plural gotes)

gote oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gotes (oblique plural)
gote (nominative singular)
gotes (nominative plural)

English: gout, goutte

Middle French: goutte

French: goutte

Norman: goute


verté

verté oblique singular, f (oblique plural vertez, nominative singular verté, nominative plural vertez)

verté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vertez (oblique plural)
verté (nominative singular)
vertez (nominative plural)


terrien

terrien oblique singular, m (oblique plural terriens, nominative singular terriens, nominative plural terrien)

terrien oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
terriens (oblique plural)
terriens (nominative singular)
terrien (nominative plural)

Earthling, as opposed to a Heavenly being


matrone

matrone oblique singular, f (oblique plural matrones, nominative singular matrone, nominative plural matrones)

matrone oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
matrones (oblique plural)
matrone (nominative singular)
matrones (nominative plural)

→ English: matron

French: matrone

Norman: (Jersey) matronne


melancolie

melancolie oblique singular, f (oblique plural melancolies, nominative singular melancolie, nominative plural melancolies)

melancolie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
melancolies (oblique plural)
melancolie (nominative singular)
melancolies (nominative plural)

French: mélancolie

desctree

→ Middle English: malencolie, malencolye, malancolie, malancolye, malyncoly, malencoly, malencoli, melancolye, melancolie
English: melancholy (remodelled after Latin)

From Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía).


mirre

fro-noun

mirre oblique singular, f (oblique plural mirres, nominative singular mirre, nominative plural mirres)

mirre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mirres (oblique plural)
mirre (nominative singular)
mirres (nominative plural)

From Latin myrrha (also murra), from Ancient Greek μύρρα (múrrha).


peis

peis oblique singular, f (oblique plural peis, nominative singular peis, nominative plural peis)

peis oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
peis (oblique plural)
peis (nominative singular)
peis (nominative plural)


peis

peis oblique singular, m (oblique plural peis, nominative singular peis, nominative plural peis)

peis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
peis (oblique plural)
peis (nominative singular)
peis (nominative plural)


deit

deit oblique singular, m (oblique plural deiz or deitz, nominative singular deiz or deitz, nominative plural deit)

deit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
deiz (oblique plural)
deitz (oblique plural)
deiz (nominative singular)
deitz (nominative singular)
deit (nominative plural)


zodiaque

zodiaque oblique singular, m (oblique plural zodiaques, nominative singular zodiaques, nominative plural zodiaque)

zodiaque oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
zodiaques (oblique plural)
zodiaques (nominative singular)
zodiaque (nominative plural)

French: zodiaque

Norman: zodiaque

→ Middle English: zodiak

English: zodiac

→ Classical Gaelic: stoidiace

Irish: stoidiaca

From Latin zōdiacus, from Ancient Greek ζῳδιακός [κύκλος] (zōidiakós [kúklos], “circle of little animals”), from ζῴδιον (zṓidion), the diminutive of ζῷον (zôion, “animal”).

der

ζῳδιακός 􂀿κύκλος􂁀

c’est il ainsy quant aus signes du zodiaque la tierce condicion y est necessaire

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 169 of this essay:


merc

fro-noun

merc oblique singular, m (oblique plural mers, nominative singular mers, nominative plural merc)

merc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mers (oblique plural)
mers (nominative singular)
merc (nominative plural)

From Old Norse merki. Related with marc (“a weight”, from Frankish *mark) and marche (“frontier”, from Frankish *marka).

mark (distinguishing feature or attribute)


panche

panche oblique singular, f (oblique plural panches, nominative singular panche, nominative plural panches)

panche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
panches (oblique plural)
panche (nominative singular)
panches (nominative plural)


pople

pople oblique singular, m (oblique plural poples, nominative singular poples, nominative plural pople)

pople oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
poples (oblique plural)
poples (nominative singular)
pople (nominative plural)


umbre

umbre oblique singular, f (oblique plural umbres, nominative singular umbre, nominative plural umbres)

umbre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
umbres (oblique plural)
umbre (nominative singular)
umbres (nominative plural)


almanach

almanach oblique singular, m (oblique plural almanachs, nominative singular almanachs, nominative plural almanach)

almanach oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
almanachs (oblique plural)
almanachs (nominative singular)
almanach (nominative plural)

French: almanach

→ Middle English: almenak

English: almanac

Scots: almanac

Borrowed from Medieval Latin almanachus, from Andalusian Arabic الْمَنَاخ (al-manāḵ, “almanac, calendar”), from Arabic الْمُنَاخ (al-munāḵ, “climate”) or Late Ancient Greek ἀλμενιχιακά (almenikhiaká, “calendar”), perhaps of Coptic origin. The middle syllable -man- may be influenced by Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”).


yver

fro-noun

yver oblique singular, m (oblique plural yvers, nominative singular yvers, nominative plural yver)

yver oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
yvers (oblique plural)
yvers (nominative singular)
yver (nominative plural)

Middle French: hyver, yver

French: hiver


cueur

cueur oblique singular, m (oblique plural cueurs, nominative singular cueurs, nominative plural cueur)

cueur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cueurs (oblique plural)
cueurs (nominative singular)
cueur (nominative plural)


enge

enge oblique singular, m (oblique plural enges, nominative singular enges, nominative plural enge)

enge oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enges (oblique plural)
enges (nominative singular)
enge (nominative plural)


plastre

plastre oblique singular, m (oblique plural plastres, nominative singular plastres, nominative plural plastre)

plastre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plastres (oblique plural)
plastres (nominative singular)
plastre (nominative plural)

French: plâtre

→ Medieval Latin: plastrum [13th c.]

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *plastrum. Attested from the late 11th century.


mestre

mestre oblique singular, m (oblique plural mestres, nominative singular mestre, nominative plural mestre)

mestre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mestres (oblique plural)
mestre (nominative singular)
mestre (nominative plural)


glore

glore oblique singular, f (oblique plural glores, nominative singular glore, nominative plural glores)

glore oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
glores (oblique plural)
glore (nominative singular)
glores (nominative plural)


vessie

vessie oblique singular, f (oblique plural vessies, nominative singular vessie, nominative plural vessies)

vessie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vessies (oblique plural)
vessie (nominative singular)
vessies (nominative plural)

Middle French: vessie
French: vessie

Norman: vessie

Walloon: vexheye


veine

veine oblique singular, f (oblique plural veines, nominative singular veine, nominative plural veines)

veine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
veines (oblique plural)
veine (nominative singular)
veines (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: vene
French: veine
→ Vietnamese: ven

Norman: veine

→ Middle English: veine
English: vein
Scots: van, vane, vain, vaine


maistrie

fro-noun

maistrie oblique singular, f (oblique plural maistries, nominative singular maistrie, nominative plural maistries)

maistrie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
maistries (oblique plural)
maistrie (nominative singular)
maistries (nominative plural)


allegorie

allegorie oblique singular, f (oblique plural allegories, nominative singular allegorie, nominative plural allegories)

allegorie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
allegories (oblique plural)
allegorie (nominative singular)
allegories (nominative plural)

French: allégorie

→ English: allegory

→ Dutch: allegorie

Borrowed from Latin allegoria, from Ancient Greek ἀλληγορία (allēgoría).


contumelie

contumelie oblique singular, f (oblique plural contumelies, nominative singular contumelie, nominative plural contumelies)

contumelie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
contumelies (oblique plural)
contumelie (nominative singular)
contumelies (nominative plural)

→ English: contumely


mortuarie

mortuarie oblique singular, f (oblique plural mortuaries, nominative singular mortuarie, nominative plural mortuaries)

mortuarie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mortuaries (oblique plural)
mortuarie (nominative singular)
mortuaries (nominative plural)

→ English: mortuary

Medieval Latin mortuārium (“receptacle for the dead; mortuary”), neuter form of mortuārius (“of or pertaining to the dead”), from Latin mortuus, perfect passive participle of morior (“I die”).

uder

mortuary (gift given upon the death of a person)


enke

fro-noun

enke oblique singular, m (oblique plural enkes, nominative singular enkes, nominative plural enke)

enke oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enkes (oblique plural)
enkes (nominative singular)
enke (nominative plural)


creance

creance oblique singular, f (oblique plural creances, nominative singular creance, nominative plural creances)

creance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
creances (oblique plural)
creance (nominative singular)
creances (nominative plural)


fabliau

fabliau oblique singular, m (oblique plural fabliaus, nominative singular fabliaus, nominative plural fabliau)

fabliau oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fabliaus (oblique plural)
fabliaus (nominative singular)
fabliau (nominative plural)

Diminutive form of fable in the Picard dialect, compare biau


vergé

vergé oblique singular, m (oblique plural vergez, nominative singular vergez, nominative plural vergé)

vergé oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vergez (oblique plural)
vergez (nominative singular)
vergé (nominative plural)

French: vergé

From Latin virgātus; cf. English virgate.


tropel

tropel oblique singular, m (oblique plural tropeaus or tropeax or tropiaus or tropiax or tropels, nominative singular tropeaus or tropeax or tropiaus or tropiax or tropels, nominative plural tropel)

tropel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tropeaus (oblique plural)
tropeax (oblique plural)
tropiaus (oblique plural)
tropiax (oblique plural)
tropels (oblique plural)
tropeaus (nominative singular)
tropeax (nominative singular)
tropiaus (nominative singular)
tropiax (nominative singular)
tropels (nominative singular)
tropel (nominative plural)

Middle French: troupel, troupeau

French: troupeau

Picard: troupiaû, troupiô (Athois)

Walloon: troupia (Charleroi), tropê (Forrières)

→ Middle English: tropel

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: tropel

Galician: tropel

From Vulgar Latin *troppellus, diminutive from Medieval Latin troppus.


religieus

religieus oblique singular, m (oblique plural religieus, nominative singular religieus, nominative plural religieus)

religieus oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
religieus (oblique plural)
religieus (nominative singular)
religieus (nominative plural)
religieus (masculine singular subjective)
religieuse (feminine singular subjective)
religieus (masculine oblique singular)
religieuse (feminine oblique singular)
religieus (masculine plural subjective)
religieuses (feminine plural subjective)
religieus (masculine oblique plural)
religieuses (feminine oblique plural)

Anglo-Norman: religieus, religius

desc

→ Middle English: religiouse, religious, religius, religeous

English: religious

Middle French:

→ Dutch: religieus

desctree

French: religieux
→ Danish: religiøs
→ German: religiös
→ Norwegian Bokmål: religiøs
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: religiøs
→ Romanian: religios
→ Swedish: religiös

Norman: r'ligieux (Jersey)


seif

fro-noun

seif oblique singular, m (nominative singular seis)

seif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
seis (nominative singular)


mulet

mulet oblique singular, m (oblique plural mulés, nominative singular mulés, nominative plural mulet)

mulet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mulés (oblique plural)
mulés (nominative singular)
mulet (nominative plural)

→ English: mullet

French: mulet


mul

mul oblique singular, m (oblique plural mus or muls, nominative singular mus or muls, nominative plural mul)

mul oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mus (oblique plural)
muls (oblique plural)
mus (nominative singular)
muls (nominative singular)
mul (nominative plural)


setembre

setembre oblique singular, m (oblique plural setembres, nominative singular setembres, nominative plural setembre)

setembre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
setembres (oblique plural)
setembres (nominative singular)
setembre (nominative plural)

Norman: setembre, s'tembre

Walloon: setimbe

→ Old English: september

desc

Middle English: Septembre, September, Septenbre

English: September (see there for further descendants)

Scots: September


majesté

fro-noun

majesté oblique singular, f (oblique plural majestez, nominative singular majesté, nominative plural majestez)

majesté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
majestez (oblique plural)
majesté (nominative singular)
majestez (nominative plural)


sope

sope oblique singular, f (oblique plural sopes, nominative singular sope, nominative plural sopes)

sope oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sopes (oblique plural)
sope (nominative singular)
sopes (nominative plural)

before 1204, André de Coutances, Li Romanz des Franceis
Tant que il a trempé son pain ;
Si est de sa sope certain
Since he wet his bread
he is certain of his soup


samit

samit oblique singular, m (oblique plural samiz or samitz, nominative singular samiz or samitz, nominative plural samit)

samit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
samiz (oblique plural)
samitz (oblique plural)
samiz (nominative singular)
samitz (nominative singular)
samit (nominative plural)

English: samite

From Medieval Latin samitum, from Byzantine Greek ἑξάμιτος (hexámitos, literally “six-ply”), from Ancient Greek ἕξ (héx) + μίτος (mítos, “thread of the warp”).


sciance

fro-noun

sciance oblique singular, f (oblique plural sciances, nominative singular sciance, nominative plural sciances)

sciance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sciances (oblique plural)
sciance (nominative singular)
sciances (nominative plural)

English: science

French: science

Latin scientia, from sciēns, present participle of sciō (“I know, understand”)

reason (ability to reason; to make rational decisions)


syon

syon oblique singular, m (oblique plural syons, nominative singular syons, nominative plural syon)

syon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
syons (oblique plural)
syons (nominative singular)
syon (nominative plural)

Middle English: syon

English: scion (etc.)

French: scion


several

several oblique singular, m (oblique plural severaus or severax or severals, nominative singular severaus or severax or severals, nominative plural several)

several oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
severaus (oblique plural)
severax (oblique plural)
severals (oblique plural)
severaus (nominative singular)
severax (nominative singular)
severals (nominative singular)
several (nominative plural)

English: several


rute

rute oblique singular, f (oblique plural rutes, nominative singular rute, nominative plural rutes)

rute oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rutes (oblique plural)
rute (nominative singular)
rutes (nominative plural)


cyon

cyon oblique singular, m (oblique plural cyons, nominative singular cyons, nominative plural cyon)

cyon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cyons (oblique plural)
cyons (nominative singular)
cyon (nominative plural)

English: scion

French: scion

scion (detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant)


larcin

larcin oblique singular, m (oblique plural larcins, nominative singular larcins, nominative plural larcin)

larcin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
larcins (oblique plural)
larcins (nominative singular)
larcin (nominative plural)

→ English: larceny


stabilité

stabilité oblique singular, f (oblique plural stabilitez, nominative singular stabilité, nominative plural stabilitez)

stabilité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
stabilitez (oblique plural)
stabilité (nominative singular)
stabilitez (nominative plural)


statut

statut oblique singular, m (oblique plural statuz or statutz, nominative singular statuz or statutz, nominative plural statut)

statut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
statuz (oblique plural)
statutz (oblique plural)
statuz (nominative singular)
statutz (nominative singular)
statut (nominative plural)


caractere

caractere oblique singular, m (oblique plural caracteres, nominative singular caracteres, nominative plural caractere)

caractere oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
caracteres (oblique plural)
caracteres (nominative singular)
caractere (nominative plural)

desctree

→ English: character
→ Scottish Gaelic: caractar

French: caractère


virginité

fro-noun

virginité oblique singular, f (oblique plural virginitez, nominative singular virginité, nominative plural virginitez)

virginité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
virginitez (oblique plural)
virginité (nominative singular)
virginitez (nominative plural)

Middle French: virginité

French: virginité

First known attestation 881 in The Sequence of Saint Eulalia. Borrowed from Latin virginitās.

a virginité demustre

c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire, line 444:


humanité

humanité oblique singular, f (oblique plural humanitez, nominative singular humanité, nominative plural humanitez)

humanité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
humanitez (oblique plural)
humanité (nominative singular)
humanitez (nominative plural)


luxure

luxure oblique singular, f (oblique plural luxures, nominative singular luxure, nominative plural luxures)

luxure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
luxures (oblique plural)
luxure (nominative singular)
luxures (nominative plural)


basilique

basilique oblique singular, m (oblique plural basiliques, nominative singular basiliques, nominative plural basilique)

basilique oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
basiliques (oblique plural)
basiliques (nominative singular)
basilique (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: basilicke, basilisk, basiliske, basylyk, basylyke
English: basilisk

French: basilic

Borrowed from Latin basiliscus, from Ancient Greek βασιλίσκος (basilískos).


escuz

inflection of escut:
nominative singular


oiseaus

inflection of oisel:
nominative singular


preneur

fro-noun

preneur oblique singular, m (oblique plural preneurs, nominative singular preneurs, nominative plural preneur)

preneur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
preneurs (oblique plural)
preneurs (nominative singular)
preneur (nominative plural)

→ English: pernor

French: preneur


maistre

maistre oblique singular, m (oblique plural maistres, nominative singular maistre, nominative plural maistre)

maistre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
maistres (oblique plural)
maistre (nominative singular)
maistre (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: maistre
French: maître (see there for further descendants)

Bourguignon: moître

Gallo: maître

Norman: maître

Picard: moaître

Walloon: mwaisse

→ Middle Breton: maestr

Breton: mestr

→ Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister

→ Middle Welsh: meistyr

Welsh: meistr

→ Old East Slavic: мастеръ (masterŭ)

Russian: мастер (master)

master; Master; magister (honorific title for a scholar)


fiz a putain

inflection of fil a putain:
oblique plural

inflection of fil a putain:
nominative singular


fil a putain

fro-noun

fil a putain oblique singular, m (oblique plural fiz a putain, nominative singular fiz a putain, nominative plural fil a putain)

fil a putain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fiz a putain (oblique plural)
fiz a putain (nominative singular)
fil a putain (nominative plural)

French: fils de putain


païs

païs oblique singular, m (oblique plural païs, nominative singular païs, nominative plural païs)

païs oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
païs (oblique plural)
païs (nominative singular)
païs (nominative plural)

Alternative form of pais (country; nation)


cevalier

cevalier oblique singular, m (oblique plural cevaliers, nominative singular cevaliers, nominative plural cevalier)

cevalier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cevaliers (oblique plural)
cevaliers (nominative singular)
cevalier (nominative plural)

(Picardy, Old Northern French) Alternative form of chevalier


ancessor

ancessor oblique singular, m (oblique plural ancessors, nominative singular ancestre, nominative plural ancessor)

ancessor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ancessors (oblique plural)
ancestre (nominative singular)
ancessor (nominative plural)

French: ancêtre

Norman: anchêtre

→ English: ancestor

Latin antecessor, from antecedō (“to precede”, verb).


boiste

boiste oblique singular, f (oblique plural boistes, nominative singular boiste, nominative plural boistes)

boiste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
boistes (oblique plural)
boiste (nominative singular)
boistes (nominative plural)

desctree

French: boîte
Haitian Creole: bwat
→ Malagasy: boaty
Mauritian Creole: bwat
→ Moore: boata
Seychellois Creole: bwat
→ Sicilian: buatta
→ Portuguese: boate
→ Spanish: boîte

Norman: boête

→ Breton: boest

From Vulgar Latin *buxita, from Late Latin buxis.


goust

fro-noun

goust oblique singular, m (oblique plural gouz or goutz, nominative singular gouz or goutz, nominative plural goust)

goust oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gouz (oblique plural)
goutz (oblique plural)
gouz (nominative singular)
goutz (nominative singular)
goust (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: goust
French: goût (see there for further descendants)
→ Dutch: goeste (archaic)
→ West Flemish: goeste

Norman: goût


françoys

fro-noun

françoys oblique singular, m (nominative singular françoys)

françoys oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
françoys (nominative singular)


espine

espine oblique singular, f (oblique plural espines, nominative singular espine, nominative plural espines)

espine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
espines (oblique plural)
espine (nominative singular)
espines (nominative plural)

→ English: spine

Middle French: espine

French: épine


esquarre

esquarre oblique singular, f (oblique plural esquarres, nominative singular esquarre, nominative plural esquarres)

esquarre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
esquarres (oblique plural)
esquarre (nominative singular)
esquarres (nominative plural)

French: équerre

Norman: êtchèrre

→ English: square
→ Welsh: sgwâr

From Vulgar Latin *exquadra, deverbal of *exquadrō, exquadrāre (whence Old French escarrer), from Latin quadrus, quadra.


menteor

menteor oblique singular, m (oblique plural menteors, nominative singular menteors, nominative plural menteor)

menteor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
menteors (oblique plural)
menteors (nominative singular)
menteor (nominative plural)

mentir + -eur, possibly corresponding to a Vulgar Latin *mentitōr, mentitōrem, from Latin mentior (especially for the form menterre).


chançon

chançon oblique singular, f (oblique plural chançons, nominative singular chançon, nominative plural chançons)

chançon oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chançons (oblique plural)
chançon (nominative singular)
chançons (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: chanson f
French: chanson f (see there for further descendants)

Norman: cânchon f

Picard: canchon f

Walloon: tchanson f

From Latin cantiōnem, accusative of cantiō f (“song”).


oisel

fro-noun

oisel oblique singular, m (oblique plural oiseaus or oiseax or oisiaus or oisiax or oisels, nominative singular oiseaus or oiseax or oisiaus or oisiax or oisels, nominative plural oisel)

oisel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oiseaus (oblique plural)
oiseax (oblique plural)
oisiaus (oblique plural)
oisiax (oblique plural)
oisels (oblique plural)
oiseaus (nominative singular)
oiseax (nominative singular)
oisiaus (nominative singular)
oisiax (nominative singular)
oisels (nominative singular)
oisel (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: ouseâ

Champenois: ôgé

French: oiseau

Gallo: ouézai

Lorrain: ougeil, ougé (Barrois)

Norman: ouaîsé

Picard: oisieu

Walloon: oujhea

Si voustre oysel est glettous [...].

2009, Tony Hunt, Three Anglo-Norman Treatises on Falconry:

Fenix est uns oisiaus en Arrabe dont il n’a plus que un sol en trestout le monde

1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “Dou Fenix [On the phoenix]” (chapter 164), Book 5, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 214:

Phoenix is a bird in Arabia, of which there is no more than a single one in all the world


montaigne

montaigne oblique singular, f (oblique plural montaignes, nominative singular montaigne, nominative plural montaignes)

montaigne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
montaignes (oblique plural)
montaigne (nominative singular)
montaignes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: montaigne
French: montagne

Norman: montangne

Walloon: montinne

→ Middle English: mountayne (see there for further descendants)

From Early Medieval Latin montānia, a collective based on Latin montem (whence Old Fr. mont, with which this term competed).


chastel

fro-noun

chastel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chasteaus or chasteax or chastiaus or chastiax or chastels, nominative singular chasteaus or chasteax or chastiaus or chastiax or chastels, nominative plural chastel)

chastel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chasteaus (oblique plural)
chasteax (oblique plural)
chastiaus (oblique plural)
chastiax (oblique plural)
chastels (oblique plural)
chasteaus (nominative singular)
chasteax (nominative singular)
chastiaus (nominative singular)
chastiax (nominative singular)
chastels (nominative singular)
chastel (nominative plural)

Angevin: châtiau

Bourguignon: chaîteâ

Champenois: châté, châtiau

Franc-Comtois: tchaîtiâ

Lorrain: tchestia

desctree

Middle French: chasteau
French: château
→ Danish: chateau
→ English: château, chateau
→ Russian: шато́ (šató)
→ Turkish: şato
→ Ukrainian: шато́ (šató)

Norman: châté, câté, câtel

Picard: câtieu, câtiau (Picardie, Nord-Pas-de-Calais)

Poitevin-Saintongeais: châtea

Walloon: tchestea

→ Middle Dutch: casteel
Dutch: kasteel
Afrikaans: kasteel
Negerhollands: kastell
→ Mahican: găstēnik
→ Malay: kastil
Indonesian: kastel, kastil
→ Papiamentu: kastel
→ West Frisian: kastiel
Limburgish: kestieël
West Flemish: kastêel, kastjil
→ Middle High German: kastēl
German: Kastell (partially)

→ Middle English: castel
English: castle
→ Tongan: kāsolo
Scots: castle
→ Scottish Gaelic: caisteal

→ Middle Irish: caistél

Irish: caistéal

Manx: cashtal

Scottish Gaelic: caisteal


veoir

fro-noun

veoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural veoirs, nominative singular veoirs, nominative plural veoir)

veoir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
veoirs (oblique plural)
veoirs (nominative singular)
veoir (nominative plural)


aveir

aveir oblique singular, m (oblique plural aveirs, nominative singular aveirs, nominative plural aveir)

aveir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aveirs (oblique plural)
aveirs (nominative singular)
aveir (nominative plural)

e quel aveir il en vult prendre

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 218, line 2852:

and what possession he wanted in its place


dixme

dixme oblique singular, f (oblique plural dixmes, nominative singular dixme, nominative plural dixmes)

dixme oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dixmes (oblique plural)
dixme (nominative singular)
dixmes (nominative plural)

French: dîme

English: dime


cuer

cuer oblique singular, m (oblique plural cuers, nominative singular cuers, nominative plural cuer)

cuer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cuers (oblique plural)
cuers (nominative singular)
cuer (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: côr

desctree

Middle French: coeur
French: cœur
Antillean Creole: kè
Haitian Creole: kè, kœ
→ Polish: kier

Norman: tchoeu

Walloon: cour

desc

→ Middle English: core (uncertain; see there for more)

From Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.

(figuratively, by extension) heart (loving/romantic feelings)


cuer

French: chœur

Middle English: quere

English: choir


pié

fro-noun

pié oblique singular, m (oblique plural piez, nominative singular piez, nominative plural pié)

pié oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
piez (oblique plural)
piez (nominative singular)
pié (nominative plural)

Middle French: pied

French: pied

Walloon: pî


uevre

uevre oblique singular, f (oblique plural uevres, nominative singular uevre, nominative plural uevres)

uevre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
uevres (oblique plural)
uevre (nominative singular)
uevres (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: *eure

→ English: ure

French: œuvre

[L]'uevre an fu et riche et bele.

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:


ueil

ueil oblique singular, m (oblique plural ialz, nominative singular ialz, nominative plural ueil)

ueil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ialz (oblique plural)
ialz (nominative singular)
ueil (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: euïl

Champenois: euil

Franc-Comtois: ouil

Gallo: oélh

desctree

Middle French: œil, oeil
French: œil
Saint Dominican Creole French: z'yeu
Haitian Creole: je
Haitian Creole: zye

Norman: uû

Picard: euil, ziu

Poitevin-Saintongeais: éll

Walloon: iy, ouy

First known attestation circa 980 as ol. From Vulgar Latin oclus, from Latin oculus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).


rubrique

fro-noun

rubrique oblique singular, f (oblique plural rubriques, nominative singular rubrique, nominative plural rubriques)

rubrique oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rubriques (oblique plural)
rubrique (nominative singular)
rubriques (nominative plural)

desc

Middle French: rubrique, rubrice, rubriche

desctree

→ Middle English: rubriche, robryk, rubrik, rubrice, rubrich, rubrike, rubrisch, rubrissh, rubryke, rubryssh
English: rubric

French: rubrique

→ Irish: rúibric

Borrowed from Latin rubrīca (“red ochre”).


chevaus

inflection of cheval:
nominative singular


messagier

fro-noun

messagier oblique singular, m (oblique plural messagiers, nominative singular messagiers, nominative plural messagier)

messagier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
messagiers (oblique plural)
messagiers (nominative singular)
messagier (nominative plural)


prestre

prestre oblique singular, m (oblique plural prestres, nominative singular prestres, nominative plural prestre)

prestre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
prestres (oblique plural)
prestres (nominative singular)
prestre (nominative plural)

Middle French: prestre

French: prêtre

From Latin presbyter (nominative form). Cf. also provoire, which derived from the accusative form.


veir

veir oblique singular, m (oblique plural veirs, nominative singular veirs, nominative plural veir)

veir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
veirs (oblique plural)
veirs (nominative singular)
veir (nominative plural)

Un mantel ot par ses espaules
D'escarlate et de veir antier.

He had a coat over his shoulders
Made from scarlet and vair.

Alternative form of vair (fur of a squirrel)


vasselage

vasselage oblique singular, m (oblique plural vasselages, nominative singular vasselages, nominative plural vasselage)

vasselage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vasselages (oblique plural)
vasselages (nominative singular)
vasselage (nominative plural)

desc

Middle French: vasselage, vasselaige, vassellage

French: vasselage

→ Italian: vassallaggio

→ Middle English: [Term?], vasselage, vassellage, vassallage

English: vassalage

→ Spanish: vasallaje

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin vassallāticum. By surface analysis, vassal + -age.


forestier

fro-noun

forestier oblique singular, m (oblique plural forestiers, nominative singular forestiers, nominative plural forestier)

forestier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
forestiers (oblique plural)
forestiers (nominative singular)
forestier (nominative plural)

French: forestier

→ English: forester, Forester

Sicilian: furisteri, frustieri


onguent

onguent oblique singular, m (oblique plural onguenz or onguentz, nominative singular onguenz or onguentz, nominative plural onguent)

onguent oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
onguenz (oblique plural)
onguentz (oblique plural)
onguenz (nominative singular)
onguentz (nominative singular)
onguent (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin unguentum (“ointment, unguent”).


gué

gué oblique singular, m (oblique plural guez, nominative singular guez, nominative plural gué)

gué oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guez (oblique plural)
guez (nominative singular)
gué (nominative plural)

French: guet

Of Frankish origin, from *wahtu (“vigil”).


paganisme

paganisme oblique singular, m (oblique plural paganismes, nominative singular paganismes, nominative plural paganisme)

paganisme oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
paganismes (oblique plural)
paganismes (nominative singular)
paganisme (nominative plural)

paganism (local religions practiced before the introduction of Christianity)


visconte

visconte oblique singular, m (oblique plural viscontes, nominative singular visquens, nominative plural visconte)

visconte oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
viscontes (oblique plural)
visquens (nominative singular)
visconte (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: visconte, vicomte, viconde, viconte
French: vicomte
→ Arabic: فيكونت (vīkōnt)
→ Azerbaijani: vikont
→ English: vicomte
→ Ottoman Turkish: ویقونت (vikont)
Turkish: vikont
→ Persian: ویکنت (vikont)
→ Russian: вико́нт (vikónt)
→ Uzbek: vikont
→ Irish: bíocunta

desc

→ Middle English: vescownte, vicecount, vicount, vicounte, vicownte, visconte, viscount, viscounte, vycounte, wyscount

English: viscount


trape

fro-noun

trape oblique singular, f (oblique plural trapes, nominative singular trape, nominative plural trapes)

trape oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
trapes (oblique plural)
trape (nominative singular)
trapes (nominative plural)

Middle French: trappe, trape

French: trappe

From Medieval Latin trappa, trapa, borrowed from Frankish *trappā. More at English trap.


serain

serain oblique singular, m (oblique plural serainz, nominative singular serainz, nominative plural serain)

serain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
serainz (oblique plural)
serainz (nominative singular)
serain (nominative plural)


raine

raine oblique singular, m (oblique plural raines, nominative singular raines, nominative plural raine)

raine oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
raines (oblique plural)
raines (nominative singular)
raine (nominative plural)


aimante

aimante oblique singular, ? (oblique plural aimantes, nominative singular aimante, nominative plural aimantes)

aimante oblique singular (canonical)
aimantes (oblique plural)
aimante (nominative singular)
aimantes (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of adamant


elme

elme oblique singular, m (oblique plural elmes, nominative singular elmes, nominative plural elme)

elme oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
elmes (oblique plural)
elmes (nominative singular)
elme (nominative plural)


coc

coc oblique singular, m (oblique plural cos, nominative singular cos, nominative plural coc)

coc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cos (oblique plural)
cos (nominative singular)
coc (nominative plural)

Middle French: coq

French: coq

Walloon: cocq, cok, kok

From Late Latin coccus (attested in the Salic Laws), from Frankish *kokk, from Proto-Germanic *kukkaz, ultimately of imitative origin. More at cock.

onomatopoeic

imitative


rondel

fro-noun

rondel oblique singular, m (oblique plural rondeaus or rondeax or rondiaus or rondiax or rondels, nominative singular rondeaus or rondeax or rondiaus or rondiax or rondels, nominative plural rondel)

rondel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rondeaus (oblique plural)
rondeax (oblique plural)
rondiaus (oblique plural)
rondiax (oblique plural)
rondels (oblique plural)
rondeaus (nominative singular)
rondeax (nominative singular)
rondiaus (nominative singular)
rondiax (nominative singular)
rondels (nominative singular)
rondel (nominative plural)

English: rondel, rondeau (via French)

French: rondeau


feme

feme oblique singular, f (oblique plural femes, nominative singular feme, nominative plural femes)

feme oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
femes (oblique plural)
feme (nominative singular)
femes (nominative plural)


nonain

nonain oblique singular, f (oblique plural nonainz, nominative singular none, nominative plural nonainz)

nonain oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nonainz (oblique plural)
nonainz (nominative plural)

French: nonne

Norman: nonne

From Late Latin nonna (see the nominative form none), combined with Vulgar Latin *nonnāna.


traïsons

traisons

diaereses are not universally used in transcriptions of Old French


traison

traison oblique singular, f (oblique plural traisons, nominative singular traison, nominative plural traisons)

traison oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
traisons (oblique plural)
traison (nominative singular)
traisons (nominative plural)

French: trahison

Norman: trison

desctree

→ Middle English: tresoun
English: treason
Scots: traison

From trair + -son, or from Latin trāditiōnem, accusative singular of trāditiō.


mortalité

fro-noun

mortalité oblique singular, f (oblique plural mortalitez, nominative singular mortalité, nominative plural mortalitez)

mortalité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mortalitez (oblique plural)
mortalité (nominative singular)
mortalitez (nominative plural)


arere

arere oblique singular, m (oblique plural areres, nominative singular areres, nominative plural arere)

arere oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
areres (oblique plural)
areres (nominative singular)
arere (nominative plural)


maisel

maisel oblique singular, m (oblique plural maiseaus or maiseax or maisiaus or maisiax or maisels, nominative singular maiseaus or maiseax or maisiaus or maisiax or maisels, nominative plural maisel)

maisel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
maiseaus (oblique plural)
maiseax (oblique plural)
maisiaus (oblique plural)
maisiax (oblique plural)
maisels (oblique plural)
maiseaus (nominative singular)
maiseax (nominative singular)
maisiaus (nominative singular)
maisiax (nominative singular)
maisels (nominative singular)
maisel (nominative plural)


pucele

pucele oblique singular, f (oblique plural puceles, nominative singular pucele, nominative plural puceles)

pucele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
puceles (oblique plural)
pucele (nominative singular)
puceles (nominative plural)

Middle French: pucelle

French: pucelle

→ English: pucelle

→ Italian: pulzella

→ Yiddish: פּילצל (piltsl)

First attested in the 10th century as pulcella, from Vulgar Latin *pūllicella, of disputed origin. Possibly a diminutive of Latin pullus (“young of animals, chick”), or pullus as a contraction of *purulus, from purus (“pure”). Alternatively from Latin puella (“girl”) through a Vulgar Latin root *puellicella.

uder

Le chevaler avant ala, e la pucele l'apela

12th or 13th century, Marie de France, Lanval:

The knight went onwards, and the young girl called to him


mistere

fro-noun

mistere oblique singular, m (oblique plural misteres, nominative singular misteres, nominative plural mistere)

mistere oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
misteres (oblique plural)
misteres (nominative singular)
mistere (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: mysterie, mysterye, mistery, misterie, mystery
English: mystery
Scots: meestery

Middle French: mystere

French: mystère


pacience

fro-noun

pacience oblique singular, f (nominative singular pacience)

pacience oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pacience (nominative singular)

French: patience

Norman: pâcienche

desctree

→ Middle English: pacience, paciens, pacyence, patience
English: patience


bestiaire

fro-noun

bestiaire oblique singular, m (oblique plural bestiaires, nominative singular bestiaires, nominative plural bestiaire)

bestiaire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bestiaires (oblique plural)
bestiaires (nominative singular)
bestiaire (nominative plural)

French: bestiaire

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bēstiārium, from Latin bēstia.


sinople

sinople oblique singular, m (oblique plural sinoples, nominative singular sinoples, nominative plural sinople)

sinople oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sinoples (oblique plural)
sinoples (nominative singular)
sinople (nominative plural)


enui

enui oblique singular, m (oblique plural enuis, nominative singular enuis, nominative plural enui)

enui oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enuis (oblique plural)
enuis (nominative singular)
enui (nominative plural)


superlatif

superlatif oblique singular, m (oblique plural superlatis, nominative singular superlatis, nominative plural superlatif)

superlatif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
superlatis (oblique plural)
superlatis (nominative singular)
superlatif (nominative plural)

Middle English: superlatyf

English: superlative

French: superlatif

Norman: supèrlatif

From Late Latin superlātīvus, from Latin superlātus (“extravagant, of hyperbole”).


nés

fro-noun

nés oblique singular, m (oblique plural nés, nominative singular nés, nominative plural nés)

nés oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nés (oblique plural)
nés (nominative singular)
nés (nominative plural)

Middle French: nez

French: nez

Norman: nez

Walloon: nez

Semblant comme së il dormoit,
Qar il ronfloit forment du nés.

He was pretending to sleep,
For he was snoring visibly from the nose.


roce

roce oblique singular, f (oblique plural roces, nominative singular roce, nominative plural roces)

roce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
roces (oblique plural)
roce (nominative singular)
roces (nominative plural)


clerc

clerc oblique singular, m (oblique plural clers, nominative singular clers, nominative plural clerc)

clerc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
clers (oblique plural)
clers (nominative singular)
clerc (nominative plural)

French: clerc

Norman: clèrc

From Late Latin clēricus (“clergyman, priest”), from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós).


quisse

fro-noun

quisse oblique singular, f (oblique plural quisses, nominative singular quisse, nominative plural quisses)

quisse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
quisses (oblique plural)
quisse (nominative singular)
quisses (nominative plural)

They washed his wound and his thigh.

Sa plaie e sa quisse laverent, (Marie de France, Lai de Guigemar)


commixtion

commixtion oblique singular, f (oblique plural commixtions, nominative singular commixtion, nominative plural commixtions)

commixtion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
commixtions (oblique plural)
commixtion (nominative singular)
commixtions (nominative plural)

commixtion (act of mixing; result of this)


poindre

poindre oblique singular, m (oblique plural poindres, nominative singular poindres, nominative plural poindre)

poindre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
poindres (oblique plural)
poindres (nominative singular)
poindre (nominative plural)

From Latin pungere, present active infinitive of pungō.

si fiert un Sesne et puis un autre
si qu'anbedeus a un seul poindre

He struck a Saxon then another
both in the same attack


pincel

pincel oblique singular, m (oblique plural pinceaus or pinceax or pinciaus or pinciax or pincels, nominative singular pinceaus or pinceax or pinciaus or pinciax or pincels, nominative plural pincel)

pincel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pinceaus (oblique plural)
pinceax (oblique plural)
pinciaus (oblique plural)
pinciax (oblique plural)
pincels (oblique plural)
pinceaus (nominative singular)
pinceax (nominative singular)
pinciaus (nominative singular)
pinciax (nominative singular)
pincels (nominative singular)
pincel (nominative plural)

Middle French: pinceau, pincel, pinciau

French: pinceau

desc

→ Middle English: pencel, pencell, pensel, pensell, penselle, pincell, pinsel, pynsell

English: pencil (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle High German: pinsel

desctree

German: Pinsel
→ Danish: pensel
→ Romanian: pensulă
→ Serbo-Croatian: penzl / пензл, penzlin / пензлин

→ Polish: pędzel
→ Belarusian: пэ́ндзаль (péndzalʹ)
→ Russian: бе́нзель (bénzelʹ)
→ Ukrainian: пе́нзель (pénzelʹ)

→? Sicilian: pinzeḍḍu

From Vulgar Latin *penicellum, alteration of Latin pēnicillum.


cevaliers

inflection of cevalier:
nominative singular


estiers

inflection of estier:
nominative singular


messagiers

inflection of messagier:
nominative singular


chasteaux

inflection of chastel:
nominative singular


menteors

inflection of menteor:
nominative singular


escrins

inflection of escrin:
nominative singular


gousts

inflection of goust:
nominative singular


maistres

inflection of maistre:
nominative singular


segnor

fro-noun

segnor oblique singular, m (oblique plural segnors, nominative singular sire, nominative plural segnor)

segnor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
segnors (oblique plural)
sire (nominative singular)
segnor (nominative plural)


seignor

seignor oblique singular, m (oblique plural seignors, nominative singular sire, nominative plural seignor)

seignor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
seignors (oblique plural)
sire (nominative singular)
seignor (nominative plural)

from the nominative sire

French: sire, sieur

→ English: sire

→ Middle English: sir, sire

English: sir; sire

Scots: sir; sire

from the oblique seignor

Middle French: seigneur

French: seigneur

→ English: seigneur

desc

→ Middle English: senyour, seynour, seygnour

English: seignior

from both

→ Old High German: herro (semantic loan) (see there for further descendants)

From Latin seniōrem, accusative singular of senior. The nominative form sire derives from the Latin nominative (through a contracted form *seior), as does the early Old French sendra (found in the Oaths of Strasbourg), which was replaced by sire over time.


darde

fro-noun

darde oblique singular, f (oblique plural dardes, nominative singular darde, nominative plural dardes)

darde oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dardes (oblique plural)
darde (nominative singular)
dardes (nominative plural)


messagerie

messagerie oblique singular, f (oblique plural messageries, nominative singular messagerie, nominative plural messageries)

messagerie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
messageries (oblique plural)
messagerie (nominative singular)
messageries (nominative plural)

French: messagerie

function of a messenger; the delivery of messages

(Christianity) mission (function of a missionary; to deliver the word of God)


froc

froc oblique singular, m (oblique plural fros, nominative singular fros, nominative plural froc)

froc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fros (oblique plural)
fros (nominative singular)
froc (nominative plural)

From Late Latin hroccus, from Frankish *hrokk (“robe, tunic”), from Proto-Germanic *hrukkaz (“robe, garment, cowl”), variant of *rukkaz (“upper garment, smock, shirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *rug(')- (“upper clothes, shirt”).
Cognate with Old High German hroch, roc (“tunic, smock, jersey”) (German Rock), Old Saxon rok (“mantle, jacket”), Old English rocc (“over-garment, jacket”).


mixtion

fro-noun

mixtion oblique singular, f (oblique plural mixtions, nominative singular mixtion, nominative plural mixtions)

mixtion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mixtions (oblique plural)
mixtion (nominative singular)
mixtions (nominative plural)


paisan

paisan oblique singular, m (oblique plural paisans, nominative singular paisans, nominative plural paisan)

paisan oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
paisans (oblique plural)
paisans (nominative singular)
paisan (nominative plural)
paisans (masculine singular subjective)
paisane (feminine singular subjective)
paisan (masculine oblique singular)
paisane (feminine oblique singular)
paisan (masculine plural subjective)
paisanes (feminine plural subjective)
paisans (masculine oblique plural)
paisanes (feminine oblique plural)

English: peasant

French: paysan

Spanish: paisano

From païs (“countryside”) + -enc (“-ing”), a suffix denoting an individual belonging to or associated with a certain group or place, from Frankish *-ing. Cognate with English -ing (as in Browning, Ewing, etc.).

païsan

diaereses are used in some scholarly transcriptions


driade

driade oblique singular, f (oblique plural driades, nominative singular driade, nominative plural driades)

driade oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
driades (oblique plural)
driade (nominative singular)
driades (nominative plural)

French: dryade


mave

mave oblique singular, f (oblique plural maves, nominative singular mave, nominative plural maves)

mave oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
maves (oblique plural)
mave (nominative singular)
maves (nominative plural)


amor

amor oblique singular, m or f (oblique plural amors, nominative singular amors, nominative plural amor)

amor oblique singular or (canonical feminine masculine)
amors (oblique plural)
amors (nominative singular)
amor (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: amour
French: amour
→ Middle English: amour, amoure, amur
English: amour, amor
Middle Scots: amour

Norman: amour


decembre

fro-noun

decembre oblique singular, m (oblique plural decembres, nominative singular decembres, nominative plural decembre)

decembre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
decembres (oblique plural)
decembres (nominative singular)
decembre (nominative plural)

Franc-Comtois: décembre

desctree

French: décembre
Guianese Creole: désanm
Haitian Creole: desanm
→ Iranian Persian: دسامبر (desâmbr)
→ South Azerbaijani: دئسامبر (desambr)
→ Tunisian Arabic: ديسمبر (desōmbr)

Norman:

Cotentin: décembe

Guernsey: décembre

Jersey: Dézembre

Sark: dezãb

Walloon: decimbe

→ Middle English: Decembre

English: December, Decembre (obsolete), Dec., Dec, Dc (abbreviations)
Bislama: desemba
Pitcairn-Norfolk: Disemba
Tok Pisin: Desemba
→ Bengali: ডিসেম্বর (ḍiśembor)
→ Burmese: ဒီဇင်ဘာ (dijangbha)
→ Chichewa: Disembala
→ Dari: دسمبر (desembar)
→ Dhivehi: ޑިސެމްބަރު (ḍisem̊baru)
→ Hausa: Disamba
→ Hawaiian: Kēkēmapa
→ Hindi: दिसंबर (disambar)
→ Malay: Disember
→ Maori: Tīhema
→ Marathi: डिसेंबर (ḍisembar)
→ Swahili: Desemba, Disemba
→ Tokelauan: Tēhema

Scots: December

Borrowed from Latin december, decembrem.


canbre

fro-noun

canbre oblique singular, f (oblique plural canbres, nominative singular canbre, nominative plural canbres)

canbre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
canbres (oblique plural)
canbre (nominative singular)
canbres (nominative plural)


creissant

creissant oblique singular, m (oblique plural creissanz or creissantz, nominative singular creissanz or creissantz, nominative plural creissant)

creissant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
creissanz (oblique plural)
creissantz (oblique plural)
creissanz (nominative singular)
creissantz (nominative singular)
creissant (nominative plural)

English: crescent

French: croissant

Present participle of creistre. From Latin crēscēns, crēscentem, present participle of crēscō.


plege

plege oblique singular, m (oblique plural pleges, nominative singular pleges, nominative plural plege)

plege oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pleges (oblique plural)
pleges (nominative singular)
plege (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: plege

→ Middle English: plege

English: pledge

French: pleige

From Medieval Latin plevium, plebium, from the verb plebiō, earlier *pleviō, probably from Frankish *plehan. Compare Old English pleġan, Old High German plegan.


chastaignier

chastaignier oblique singular, m (oblique plural chastaigniers, nominative singular chastaigniers, nominative plural chastaignier)

chastaignier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chastaigniers (oblique plural)
chastaigniers (nominative singular)
chastaignier (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: chastaignier
French: châtaignier


chesne

fro-noun

chesne oblique singular, m (oblique plural chesnes, nominative singular chesnes, nominative plural chesne)

chesne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chesnes (oblique plural)
chesnes (nominative singular)
chesne (nominative plural)

Middle French: chesne

French: chêne

From Vulgar Latin *cassanus (attested in Medieval Latin as casnus), probably from Gaulish kassanos. Some forms possibly influenced by fraisne, fresne. Compare Occitan casse.


abandun

abandun oblique singular, m (oblique plural abanduns, nominative singular abanduns, nominative plural abandun)

abandun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
abanduns (oblique plural)
abanduns (nominative singular)
abandun (nominative plural)

mes puis se mist en abandun, de mort e de destructïun. (Le Lai du Chèvrefeuille, Marie de France, circa 1200)


provoire

provoire oblique singular, m (oblique plural provoires, nominative singular provoires, nominative plural provoire)

provoire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
provoires (oblique plural)
provoires (nominative singular)
provoire (nominative plural)

Middle French: prouvaire

From earlier prevoire, from Vulgar Latin *previterum, *prebiterum, from Latin presbyterum, accusative of presbyter (cf. the synonym prestre derived from the nominative form). Compare Occitan preveire.


ethimologies

oblique/nominative plural of ethimologie


bergiers

inflection of bergier:
nominative singular


bergier

bergier oblique singular, m (oblique plural bergiers, nominative singular bergiers, nominative plural bergier)

bergier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bergiers (oblique plural)
bergiers (nominative singular)
bergier (nominative plural)
bergiers (masculine singular subjective)
bergiere (feminine singular subjective)
bergier (masculine oblique singular)
bergiere (feminine oblique singular)
bergier (masculine plural subjective)
bergieres (feminine plural subjective)
bergiers (masculine oblique plural)
bergieres (feminine oblique plural)

Middle French: bergier, berger

French: berger


espaule

espaule oblique singular, f (oblique plural espaules, nominative singular espaule, nominative plural espaules)

espaule oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
espaules (oblique plural)
espaule (nominative singular)
espaules (nominative plural)

Desor l'espaule li fist la char trenchier

12ᵗʰ Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:


frain

frain oblique singular, m (oblique plural frainz, nominative singular frainz, nominative plural frain)

frain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
frainz (oblique plural)
frainz (nominative singular)
frain (nominative plural)

French: frein

bit (equipment placed in a horse's mouth)


teatre

teatre oblique singular, m (oblique plural teatres, nominative singular teatres, nominative plural teatre)

teatre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
teatres (oblique plural)
teatres (nominative singular)
teatre (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin theātrum, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek θέατρον (théatron, “a place for viewing”).


theatre

fro-noun

theatre oblique singular, m (oblique plural theatres, nominative singular theatres, nominative plural theatre)

theatre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
theatres (oblique plural)
theatres (nominative singular)
theatre (nominative plural)


butin

butin oblique singular, m (oblique plural butins, nominative singular butins, nominative plural butin)

butin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
butins (oblique plural)
butins (nominative singular)
butin (nominative plural)

Middle French: butin

desctree

French: butin
→ Breton: butin
→ Catalan: botí

→ Middle English: bottyne, botye, buty
English: booty, bootyn (archaic)

Uncertain; possibly from Vulgar Latin *boudinus, from Gaulish *boudi, from Proto-Celtic *boudi (“profit, gains; victory”), or perhaps from Vulgar Latin *būtīnus, from Old Dutch *būti, possibly also from Gaulish.


ceint

fro-noun

ceint oblique singular, m (oblique plural ceinz or ceintz, nominative singular ceinz or ceintz, nominative plural ceint)

ceint oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ceinz (oblique plural)
ceintz (oblique plural)
ceinz (nominative singular)
ceintz (nominative singular)
ceint (nominative plural)


fraisne

fraisne oblique singular, m (oblique plural fraisnes, nominative singular fraisnes, nominative plural fraisne)

fraisne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fraisnes (oblique plural)
fraisnes (nominative singular)
fraisne (nominative plural)

Angevin: frêne, fragne

Bourguignon: fraigne, fragne

Lorrain: frâne

Middle French: fresne
French: frêne

Norman: frêne, frêine

Walloon: frinne

[ˈfɾɛɦ.nə ~ ˈfɾɛː.nə]


fresne

fresne oblique singular, m (oblique plural fresnes, nominative singular fresnes, nominative plural fresne)

fresne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fresnes (oblique plural)
fresnes (nominative singular)
fresne (nominative plural)

Alternative form of fraisne (“ash tree”)


encens

encens oblique singular, m (oblique plural encens, nominative singular encens, nominative plural encens)

encens oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
encens (oblique plural)
encens (nominative singular)
encens (nominative plural)

English: incense

French: encens

Norman: enchens

Borrowed from Late Latin incēnsum, from Latin incendō.

on doit suffumiguer le chief de encens avec ung petit de roses

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page page of this essay:

[the physician] has to infuse the patient's head from below with incense with a few rose petals

incense (a perfume often used in the rites of various religions)


monton

monton oblique singular, m (oblique plural montons, nominative singular montons, nominative plural monton)

monton oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
montons (oblique plural)
montons (nominative singular)
monton (nominative plural)

mont (“mountain”) + -on (augmentative suffix)


sacrement

fro-noun

sacrement oblique singular, m (oblique plural sacremenz or sacrementz, nominative singular sacremenz or sacrementz, nominative plural sacrement)

sacrement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sacremenz (oblique plural)
sacrementz (oblique plural)
sacremenz (nominative singular)
sacrementz (nominative singular)
sacrement (nominative plural)

→ English: sacrament

French: sacrement

Borrowed from Latin sacrāmentum. Doublet of sairement.


espoires

inflection of espoire:
nominative singular


bastissement

bastissement oblique singular, m (oblique plural bastissemenz or bastissementz, nominative singular bastissemenz or bastissementz, nominative plural bastissement)

bastissement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bastissemenz (oblique plural)
bastissementz (oblique plural)
bastissemenz (nominative singular)
bastissementz (nominative singular)
bastissement (nominative plural)

French: bâtiment, French: bâtisse

Middle French: bastiment


bouchiers

inflection of bouchier:
nominative singular


bouchier

bouchier oblique singular, m (oblique plural bouchiers, nominative singular bouchiers, nominative plural bouchier)

bouchier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bouchiers (oblique plural)
bouchiers (nominative singular)
bouchier (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: bochei

Middle French: boucher, bouchier

French: boucher

Haitian Creole: bouche

Norman: bouochi (Jersey)

Walloon: botchî

→ Galician: buxeo

desctree

→ Middle English: bocher, bochier, boucher, buccher, bucher, bochere, bocheyr, boochier, boscher (Late Middle English)
English: butcher
→ Hindi: बूचड़ (būcaṛ)
→ Swahili: bucha
→ Urdu: بُوچَڑ (būcaṛ)
Scots: butcher

→ Irish: búistéir

→ Sicilian: vucceri, bucceri, buccieri, ucceri, vuccieri
→ Maltese: biċċier

From bouc (“goat”), from Medieval Latin buccus (“he-goat”).

A Abevile ot un bouchier,
Que si voison orent molt chier.

12th or 13th century, author unknown, Le Bouchier D'Abevile:

In Abbeville there was a butcher,
Held in high esteem by his neighbors.


abaïe

fro-noun

abaïe oblique singular, f (oblique plural abaïes, nominative singular abaïe, nominative plural abaïes)

abaïe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
abaïes (oblique plural)
abaïe (nominative singular)
abaïes (nominative plural)


reliquaire

reliquaire oblique singular, m (oblique plural reliquaires, nominative singular reliquaires, nominative plural reliquaire)

reliquaire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
reliquaires (oblique plural)
reliquaires (nominative singular)
reliquaire (nominative plural)


seignur

seignur oblique singular, m (oblique plural seignurs, nominative singular sire, nominative plural seignur)

seignur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
seignurs (oblique plural)
sire (nominative singular)
seignur (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of seignor


comant

comant oblique singular, m (oblique plural comanz or comantz, nominative singular comanz or comantz, nominative plural comant)

comant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
comanz (oblique plural)
comantz (oblique plural)
comanz (nominative singular)
comantz (nominative singular)
comant (nominative plural)


vilein

vilein oblique singular, m (oblique plural vileinz, nominative singular vileinz, nominative plural vilein)

vilein oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vileinz (oblique plural)
vileinz (nominative singular)
vilein (nominative plural)


traïtor

traïtor oblique singular, m (oblique plural traïtors, nominative singular traïtre, nominative plural traïtor)

traïtor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
traïtors (oblique plural)
traïtre (nominative singular)
traïtor (nominative plural)


perdriz

perdriz oblique singular, f (oblique plural perdriz, nominative singular perdriz, nominative plural perdriz)

perdriz oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
perdriz (oblique plural)
perdriz (nominative singular)
perdriz (nominative plural)

French: perdrix

Norman: pèrdrix

Walloon: pietri

→ Middle Dutch: partrise, patrise

Dutch: patrijs (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: partrich (see there for further descendants)

From Latin perdīx, perdīcem (“partridge”), from Ancient Greek πέρδιξ (pérdix, “partridge”).


asne

fro-noun

asne oblique singular, m (oblique plural asnes, nominative singular asnes, nominative plural asne)

asne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
asnes (oblique plural)
asnes (nominative singular)
asne (nominative plural)

Middle French: asne
French: âne

Norman: âne

Walloon: ågne

→ Old Norse: asni (see there for further descendants)


ostel

ostel oblique singular, m (oblique plural osteaus or osteax or ostiaus or ostiax or ostels, nominative singular osteaus or osteax or ostiaus or ostiax or ostels, nominative plural ostel)

ostel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
osteaus (oblique plural)
osteax (oblique plural)
ostiaus (oblique plural)
ostiax (oblique plural)
ostels (oblique plural)
osteaus (nominative singular)
osteax (nominative singular)
ostiaus (nominative singular)
ostiax (nominative singular)
ostels (nominative singular)
ostel (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: hosteau, housteau, oustiau

desctree

Middle French: hostel
French: hôtel (see there for further descendants)

Gallo: ostèu

Lorrain: eutà, hutaû

Poitevin-Saintongeais: oustàu

→ Middle Dutch: hosteel

→ Middle English: hostel
English: hostel
Scots: hostel
→ Middle Cornish: ostel
Cornish: ostel

→ Italian: ostello

From Late Latin hospitālis, hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guestehouse”), noun use of Latin hospitālis (“hospitable; pertaining to a host or guest”), from hospes.


dangier

fro-noun

dangier oblique singular, m (oblique plural dangiers, nominative singular dangiers, nominative plural dangier)

dangier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dangiers (oblique plural)
dangiers (nominative singular)
dangier (nominative plural)

Middle French: dangier, danger

French: danger

desctree

→ Middle English: daunger
English: danger

From Vulgar Latin *dom(i)narium, from Latin dominium (“ownership”).

Cele part vont tout sanz dangier,
Si s'en entrent en la meson,

12th or 13th Century, Courtebarbe, Des trois avugles de Compigne:

It was without any difficulty,
that they went into the house,


seror

fro-noun

seror oblique singular, f (oblique plural serors, nominative singular suer, nominative plural serors)

seror oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
serors (oblique plural)
suer (nominative singular)
serors (nominative plural)

qualifier

Middle French: soeur (derived from the nominative form, suer)

French: sœur

From Latin sorōrem, accusative of soror. See also the nominative form suer (derived from the Latin nominative), from whence modern French sœur.


serors

A lor seignor gaires n’antendent
Ne les serors ne li cinc frere

c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:

They didn't listen to their father
Neither the sisters nor the five brothers


couchier

fro-noun

couchier oblique singular, m (oblique plural couchiers, nominative singular couchiers, nominative plural couchier)

couchier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
couchiers (oblique plural)
couchiers (nominative singular)
couchier (nominative plural)

bedtime (point at which one goes to bed)


caitif

caitif oblique singular, m (oblique plural caitis, nominative singular caitis, nominative plural caitif)

caitif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
caitis (oblique plural)
caitis (nominative singular)
caitif (nominative plural)
caitifs (masculine singular subjective)
caitive (feminine singular subjective)
caitif (masculine oblique singular)
caitive (feminine oblique singular)
caitif (masculine plural subjective)
caitives (feminine plural subjective)
caitifs (masculine oblique plural)
caitives (feminine oblique plural)

English: caitiff (archaic)

French: chétif

From Vulgar Latin *cactivus, from a crossing of Latin captīvus and a Transalpine Gaulish caxtos, from Proto-Celtic *kaxtos. Cognate with Old Occitan caitiu.


caitive

caitive oblique singular, f (oblique plural caitives, nominative singular caitive, nominative plural caitives)

caitive oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
caitives (oblique plural)
caitive (nominative singular)
caitives (nominative plural)


pucels

inflection of pucel:
nominative singular


useor

useor oblique singular, m (oblique plural useors, nominative singular useors, nominative plural useor)

useor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
useors (oblique plural)
useors (nominative singular)
useor (nominative plural)

user (a person that makes use of something)


useur

useur oblique singular, m (oblique plural useurs, nominative singular useurs, nominative plural useur)

useur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
useurs (oblique plural)
useurs (nominative singular)
useur (nominative plural)


pucel

pucel oblique singular, m (oblique plural puceaus or puceax or puciaus or puciax or pucels, nominative singular puceaus or puceax or puciaus or puciax or pucels, nominative plural pucel)

pucel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
puceaus (oblique plural)
puceax (oblique plural)
puciaus (oblique plural)
puciax (oblique plural)
pucels (oblique plural)
puceaus (nominative singular)
puceax (nominative singular)
puciaus (nominative singular)
puciax (nominative singular)
pucels (nominative singular)
pucel (nominative plural)
pucels (masculine singular subjective)
pucele (feminine singular subjective)
pucel (masculine oblique singular)
pucele (feminine oblique singular)
pucel (masculine plural subjective)
puceles (feminine plural subjective)
pucels (masculine oblique plural)
puceles (feminine oblique plural)

French: puceau

Masculine form derived from the feminine pucele.

(by extension) virgin (male person who has ever had sexual relations)


cuntree

cuntree oblique singular, f (oblique plural cuntrees, nominative singular cuntree, nominative plural cuntrees)

cuntree oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cuntrees (oblique plural)
cuntree (nominative singular)
cuntrees (nominative plural)

Vassals e buns cumbatteurs
De lurs cuntrees li meillurs

Knights and good fighters
From their lands, the best

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of contree


ialz

Middle French: yeulx, yeux

French: yeux


Bretun

Bretun oblique singular, m (oblique plural Bretuns, nominative singular Bretuns, nominative plural Bretun)

Bretun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Bretuns (oblique plural)
Bretuns (nominative singular)
Bretun (nominative plural)


afaire

afaire oblique singular, f (oblique plural afaires, nominative singular afaire, nominative plural afaires)

afaire oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
afaires (oblique plural)
afaire (nominative singular)
afaires (nominative plural)

Middle French: affaire

French: affaire

Norman: affaire

Picard: afoaire

→ Middle Dutch: affare

Dutch: affaire

→ Middle English: afere, affere

English: affair

.I. mes en vait au roi de Saint Denis
Qui tout l'afaire li ot contet et dit[.]

One month he went to the king of Saint Denis
And told him all about the situation[.]


afere

afere oblique singular, f (oblique plural aferes, nominative singular afere, nominative plural aferes)

afere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
aferes (oblique plural)
afere (nominative singular)
aferes (nominative plural)


siecle

siecle oblique singular, m (oblique plural siecles, nominative singular siecles, nominative plural siecle)

siecle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
siecles (oblique plural)
siecles (nominative singular)
siecle (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: siecle
French: siècle
Haitian Creole: syèk
Swedish: sekel
Norman: siaeclle (Guernsey), siècl'ye (Jersey)

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin saeculum (the expected inherited form would be *sieil).

slbor

Bons fut li siecles al tens ancienor,
Quer feit i ert e justise et amor,
Si ert credance, dont or n’i at nul prot

mid-late 11ᵗʰ century, anonymous author, Vie de saint Alexis [Life of saint Alexius], stanza 1; republished as Gaston Paris, editor, La vie de saint Alexis (Recueil de travaux originaux ou traduits; 5), Paris, 1872, page 139:

Good were the centuries in the ancient time, for both justice and love were accomplished, thus there was faith, which is now no advantage


abeïe

fro-noun

abeïe oblique singular, f (oblique plural abeïes, nominative singular abeïe, nominative plural abeïes)

abeïe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
abeïes (oblique plural)
abeïe (nominative singular)
abeïes (nominative plural)

Le leu u il aler deient:
Abeïe bele e bone

c. 1110,, Benedeit, Le Voyage de saint Brandan:

The place to which they must go
has a fine, beautiful abbey

Quant li moigne de l'abeïe,
orent chanté et dit complie,
El dortor s'alerent couchier.

12ᵗʰ or 13ᵗʰ Century, author unknown, Du Segretain Moine:

When the monks of the abbey,
Had sung and said their prayers,
They went to sleep in theirs chambers.


reson

reson oblique singular, f (oblique plural resons, nominative singular reson, nominative plural resons)

reson oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
resons (oblique plural)
reson (nominative singular)
resons (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: reson

English: reason

→ Welsh: rheswm

French: raison

Norman: raison


chalonge

chalonge oblique singular, m or f (oblique plural chalonges, nominative singular chalonges, nominative plural chalonge)

chalonge oblique singular or (canonical feminine masculine)
chalonges (oblique plural)
chalonges (nominative singular)
chalonge (nominative plural)

desctree

→ English: challenge
→ French: challenge (orthographic)
→ Japanese: チャレンジ (charenji)
→ Russian: че́ллендж (čéllendž)

French: challenge (partially)

Norman: calenge

From Latin calumnia. Compare Modern French challenge. Doublet of calomnie.


voleir

fro-noun

voleir oblique singular, m (oblique plural voleirs, nominative singular voleirs, nominative plural voleir)

voleir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
voleirs (oblique plural)
voleirs (nominative singular)
voleir (nominative plural)

vers mei avez molt buen voleir

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 60, line 282:

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of voloir


voloir

voloir oblique singular, m (oblique plural voloirs, nominative singular voloirs, nominative plural voloir)

voloir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
voloirs (oblique plural)
voloirs (nominative singular)
voloir (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: veuloi

French: vouloir

Gallo: vóleir

Norman: vouler, vouleî

Picard: vouloér

Walloon: voleur

From Vulgar Latin volēre, regularized from Latin velle.

Et dist l'abbet : « Vostre voloir ferons. [»]

Il welent faire lor voloir,

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, C’est li diz des regles:


fundement

fundement oblique singular, m (oblique plural fundemenz or fundementz, nominative singular fundemenz or fundementz, nominative plural fundement)

fundement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fundemenz (oblique plural)
fundementz (oblique plural)
fundemenz (nominative singular)
fundementz (nominative singular)
fundement (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of fondement


fondement

fondement oblique singular, m (oblique plural fondemenz or fondementz, nominative singular fondemenz or fondementz, nominative plural fondement)

fondement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fondemenz (oblique plural)
fondementz (oblique plural)
fondemenz (nominative singular)
fondementz (nominative singular)
fondement (nominative plural)

French: fondement
→ Romanian: fundament

→ Middle Dutch: fondament

Dutch: fundament (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ English: fundament
→ Welsh: ffwndament


liu

fro-noun

liu oblique singular, m (oblique plural lius, nominative singular lius, nominative plural liu)

liu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lius (oblique plural)
lius (nominative singular)
liu (nominative plural)


plater

plater oblique singular, m (oblique plural platers, nominative singular platers, nominative plural plater)

plater oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
platers (oblique plural)
platers (nominative singular)
plater (nominative plural)

→ English: platter


maçue

maçue oblique singular, f (oblique plural maçues, nominative singular maçue, nominative plural maçues)

maçue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
maçues (oblique plural)
maçue (nominative singular)
maçues (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: maissue

French: massue

Picard: machue


traine

traine oblique singular, f (oblique plural traines, nominative singular traine, nominative plural traines)

traine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
traines (oblique plural)
traine (nominative singular)
traines (nominative plural)

→ English: train


coraige

coraige oblique singular, m (oblique plural coraiges, nominative singular coraiges, nominative plural coraige)

coraige oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
coraiges (oblique plural)
coraiges (nominative singular)
coraige (nominative plural)


blasme

blasme oblique singular, m (oblique plural blasmes, nominative singular blasmes, nominative plural blasme)

blasme oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
blasmes (oblique plural)
blasmes (nominative singular)
blasme (nominative plural)

Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre

That you may be able to get rid of this blame


dreit

dreit oblique singular, m (oblique plural dreiz or dreitz, nominative singular dreiz or dreitz, nominative plural dreit)

dreit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dreiz (oblique plural)
dreitz (oblique plural)
dreiz (nominative singular)
dreitz (nominative singular)
dreit (nominative plural)

From Late Latin drictus, from Latin dīrectus.

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of droit


corage

corage oblique singular, m (oblique plural corages, nominative singular corages, nominative plural corage)

corage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
corages (oblique plural)
corages (nominative singular)
corage (nominative plural)

Inherited forms:

Bourguignon: coraige

Middle French: corage

desctree

French: courage
→ Bulgarian: кураж (kuraž)
→ Macedonian: кураж (kuraž)
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: korjøsk, korjørsk
→ Romanian: curaj
→ Russian: кураж (kuraž)

→ Alemannic German: Karäschi

→ German: Courage

→ Luxembourgish: Courage

Norman: couothage, kuoradj

Walloon: coraedje

Borrowings (some likely from Old Occitan coratge instead):

→ Aragonese: corache

→ Galician: coraxe

→ Italian: coraggio

→ Middle English: corage
English: courage
→ Irish: coráiste

→ Mirandese: coraige

→ Portuguese: coragem

→ Sicilian: curaggiu

→ Maltese: kuraġġ

→ Spanish: coraje

→ Venetian: coragio

→ Friulian: coraç

→ Greek: κουράγιο (kourágio)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *corāticum. Attested in the Alexis.

Il ot une feme de grant paraige,
Qui avoit mit tot son coraige.

c. 1200, author unknown, Des Tresces, page 1:

He had a noble wife,
Who has done all she could. (literally, had put all her courage)


baisier

fro-noun

baisier oblique singular, m (oblique plural baisiers, nominative singular baisiers, nominative plural baisier)

baisier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
baisiers (oblique plural)
baisiers (nominative singular)
baisier (nominative plural)

Middle French: baiser

French: baiser (verb and noun)

Norman: baîsi

From Latin bāsiāre, present infinitive of bāsiō.


billette

billette oblique singular, f (oblique plural billettes, nominative singular billette, nominative plural billettes)

billette oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
billettes (oblique plural)
billette (nominative singular)
billettes (nominative plural)

→ English: billet


gaite

gaite oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaites, nominative singular gaites, nominative plural gaite)

gaite oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gaites (oblique plural)
gaites (nominative singular)
gaite (nominative plural)

Li gaites fu mout vaillains

c. 1200, author unknown, Aucassin et Nicolette:


nativité

nativité oblique singular, f (oblique plural nativitez, nominative singular nativité, nominative plural nativitez)

nativité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nativitez (oblique plural)
nativité (nominative singular)
nativitez (nominative plural)


deable

deable oblique singular, m (oblique plural deables, nominative singular deables, nominative plural deable)

deable oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
deables (oblique plural)
deables (nominative singular)
deable (nominative plural)

Semi-learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin or Late Latin diabolus, from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos).


vestement

fro-noun

vestement oblique singular, m (oblique plural vestemenz or vestementz, nominative singular vestemenz or vestementz, nominative plural vestement)

vestement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vestemenz (oblique plural)
vestementz (oblique plural)
vestemenz (nominative singular)
vestementz (nominative singular)
vestement (nominative plural)

Middle French: vestement

French: vêtement

→ Middle English: vestement, vestment

English: vestment

From Latin vestīmentum. By surface analysis, vestir + -ment.

Vostre niece si povremant


jangleür

jangleür oblique singular, m (oblique plural jangleürs, nominative singular jangleürs, nominative plural jangleür)

jangleür oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jangleürs (oblique plural)
jangleürs (nominative singular)
jangleür (nominative plural)


gangleür

gangleür oblique singular, m (oblique plural gangleürs, nominative singular gangleürs, nominative plural gangleür)

gangleür oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gangleürs (oblique plural)
gangleürs (nominative singular)
gangleür (nominative plural)


jangleu

jangleu oblique singular, m (oblique plural jangleus, nominative singular jangleus, nominative plural jangleu)

jangleu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jangleus (oblique plural)
jangleus (nominative singular)
jangleu (nominative plural)

Dist l’amiraill : « Jangleu, venez avant !
Vos estes proz e vostre saveir est grant [».]

12th Century, Author unknown (text modernized by Raoul Mortier), La Chanson de Roland:

The admiral said "jester, come here!
You are brave and your knowledge is great".


vestiment

vestiment oblique singular, m (oblique plural vestimenz or vestimentz, nominative singular vestimenz or vestimentz, nominative plural vestiment)

vestiment oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vestimenz (oblique plural)
vestimentz (oblique plural)
vestimenz (nominative singular)
vestimentz (nominative singular)
vestiment (nominative plural)


prest

prest oblique singular, m (oblique plural prez or pretz, nominative singular prez or pretz, nominative plural prest)

prest oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
prez (oblique plural)
pretz (oblique plural)
prez (nominative singular)
pretz (nominative singular)
prest (nominative plural)


damoiseles

oblique/nominative plural of damoisele (“girl; young lady”)


damoisels

inflection of damoisel (“young man”):
oblique plural

inflection of damoisel (“young man”):
nominative singular


preudomme

preudomme oblique singular, m (oblique plural preudommes, nominative singular preudom, nominative plural preudomme)

preudomme oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
preudommes (oblique plural)
preudom (nominative singular)
preudomme (nominative plural)

French: prud’homme

preu (“brave; valiant, chivalrous”) + de + homme


coutel

fro-noun

coutel oblique singular, m (oblique plural couteaus or couteax or coutiaus or coutiax or coutels, nominative singular couteaus or couteax or coutiaus or coutiax or coutels, nominative plural coutel)

coutel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
couteaus (oblique plural)
couteax (oblique plural)
coutiaus (oblique plural)
coutiax (oblique plural)
coutels (oblique plural)
couteaus (nominative singular)
couteax (nominative singular)
coutiaus (nominative singular)
coutiax (nominative singular)
coutels (nominative singular)
coutel (nominative plural)

French: couteau

Norman: couoté (France), couté (Jersey)

Walloon: coutea

Middle English: qwetyll


damoisele

damoisele oblique singular, f (oblique plural damoiseles, nominative singular damoisele, nominative plural damoiseles)

damoisele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
damoiseles (oblique plural)
damoisele (nominative singular)
damoiseles (nominative plural)

→ Catalan: damisel·la

→ Italian: damigella

Middle French: dameisele

French: damoiselle, demoiselle
→ English: demoiselle

→ Middle English: dameisele

English: damsel

→ Ido: damzelo

Norman: d'mouaîselle

→ Old Occitan: damisela

→ Spanish: damisela

First attested 881 as domnizelle in Sequence of Saint Eulalia, from Vulgar Latin *domnicella, from Classical Latin domina.


damoisel

damoisel oblique singular, m (oblique plural damoiseaus or damoiseax or damoisiaus or damoisiax or damoisels, nominative singular damoiseaus or damoiseax or damoisiaus or damoisiax or damoisels, nominative plural damoisel)

damoisel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
damoiseaus (oblique plural)
damoiseax (oblique plural)
damoisiaus (oblique plural)
damoisiax (oblique plural)
damoisels (oblique plural)
damoiseaus (nominative singular)
damoiseax (nominative singular)
damoisiaus (nominative singular)
damoisiax (nominative singular)
damoisels (nominative singular)
damoisel (nominative plural)
damoisels (masculine singular subjective)
damoisaus (masculine singular subjective)
damoisele (feminine singular subjective)
damoisel (masculine oblique singular)
damoisele (feminine oblique singular)
damoisel (masculine plural subjective)
damoiseles (feminine plural subjective)
damoisels (masculine oblique plural)
damoisaus (masculine oblique plural)
damoiseles (feminine oblique plural)

French: damoiseau

From Vulgar Latin *domincellus, from Classical Latin dominus.


cuens

nominative singular of comte, conte, cunte


guardeins

inflection of guardein:
nominative singular


guardein

guardein oblique singular, m (oblique plural guardeinz, nominative singular guardeinz, nominative plural guardein)

guardein oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guardeinz (oblique plural)
guardeinz (nominative singular)
guardein (nominative plural)

English: guardian

From the verb guarder, ultimately of Germanic origin. Compare the variant form from Old Northern French, wardein, which lead to English warden.

Mielz me vendreit murir que vivre;
mes jeo ne sui mie a delivre,
ainz ai asez sur mei guardeins
vielz e juefnes, mes chamberleins,

c. 1200, Marie de France, Le Lai de Milun:

I would be better of dying than living;
But I am not free,
I have enough protectors,
Old and young, my servants.

protector; guardian; someone who keeps watch


ganbe

ganbe oblique singular, f (oblique plural ganbes, nominative singular ganbe, nominative plural ganbes)

ganbe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ganbes (oblique plural)
ganbe (nominative singular)
ganbes (nominative plural)

Picard: gambe


tresce

tresce oblique singular, f (oblique plural tresces, nominative singular tresce, nominative plural tresces)

tresce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tresces (oblique plural)
tresce (nominative singular)
tresces (nominative plural)

French: tresse

Probably from Vulgar Latin *trichea, *trichia, *tricia (“braid, rope”), from Ancient Greek τριχία (trikhía, “rope”), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”). Or, from or influenced by Ancient Greek τριχα (trikha, “threefold”), from τρι- (tri-).


traïsun

fro-noun

traïsun oblique singular, f (oblique plural traïsuns, nominative singular traïsun, nominative plural traïsuns)

traïsun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
traïsuns (oblique plural)
traïsun (nominative singular)
traïsuns (nominative plural)


espalle

espalle oblique singular, f (oblique plural espalles, nominative singular espalle, nominative plural espalles)

espalle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
espalles (oblique plural)
espalle (nominative singular)
espalles (nominative plural)

Middle French: espaule

French: épaule

Norman: êpaûle (Jersey), épaoule (Guernsey), epol (Sark)

Walloon: spale

From Vulgar Latin *spatla, syncopated form of Late Latin spathula, diminutive of Latin spatha.


Sarrazin

Sarrazin oblique singular, m (oblique plural Sarrazins, nominative singular Sarrazins, nominative plural Sarrazin)

Sarrazin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Sarrazins (oblique plural)
Sarrazins (nominative singular)
Sarrazin (nominative plural)

Alternative letter-case form of sarrazin (some scholars capitalize the noun in transcriptions)


espee

espee oblique singular, f (oblique plural espees, nominative singular espee, nominative plural espees)

espee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
espees (oblique plural)
espee (nominative singular)
espees (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: espee
French: épée
→ English: epee

Inherited from Latin spatha, which was borrowed from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē).

Cler en riant l’ad dit a Guenelun :
« Tenez m’espee, meillur n’en at nuls hom[. »]

c. 1150, Author unknown, La Chanson de Roland:

Clearly laughing, he [the king] said to Guenelun
"Take hold of my sword, no man has better".


esclipsement

fro-noun

esclipsement oblique singular, m (oblique plural esclipsemenz or esclipsementz, nominative singular esclipsemenz or esclipsementz, nominative plural esclipsement)

esclipsement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
esclipsemenz (oblique plural)
esclipsementz (oblique plural)
esclipsemenz (nominative singular)
esclipsementz (nominative singular)
esclipsement (nominative plural)