vergier

vergier oblique singular, m (oblique plural vergiers, nominative singular vergiers, nominative plural vergier)

vergier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vergiers (oblique plural)
vergiers (nominative singular)
vergier (nominative plural)

Middle French: vergier

French: verger

→ Italian: verziere

From Latin viridiārium, variant of viridārium, from viridis (“green”).

orchard, or other place where fruit is grown


augmentacion

fro-noun

augmentacion oblique singular, f (oblique plural augmentacions, nominative singular augmentacion, nominative plural augmentacions)

augmentacion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
augmentacions (oblique plural)
augmentacion (nominative singular)
augmentacions (nominative plural)


caboche

caboche oblique singular, f (oblique plural caboches, nominative singular caboche, nominative plural caboches)

caboche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
caboches (oblique plural)
caboche (nominative singular)
caboches (nominative plural)

First known attestation of this spelling in the 13th century, northern variant of caboce, where -ch- replaces -c-.

(Picardy, Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of caboce


florete

florete oblique singular, f (oblique plural floretes, nominative singular florete, nominative plural floretes)

florete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
floretes (oblique plural)
florete (nominative singular)
floretes (nominative plural)

English: floret

French: fleurette


renomee

renomee oblique singular, f (oblique plural renomees, nominative singular renomee, nominative plural renomees)

renomee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
renomees (oblique plural)
renomee (nominative singular)
renomees (nominative plural)

French: renommée


renon

renon oblique singular, m (oblique plural renons, nominative singular renons, nominative plural renon)

renon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
renons (oblique plural)
renons (nominative singular)
renon (nominative plural)


raençon

raençon oblique singular, f (oblique plural raençons, nominative singular raençon, nominative plural raençons)

raençon oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
raençons (oblique plural)
raençon (nominative singular)
raençons (nominative plural)

Middle English: rauncoun

English: ransom

Scots: ransom

French: rançon

Inherited from Latin redemptiō. Doublet of redemption.

fee paid to release someone from prison or captivity


mesprisun

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of mesprison


mesprison

→ English: misprision

mes- + prison, where prison comes from Latin prehensiō (“action of taking”).


rosignol

rosignol oblique singular, m (oblique plural rosignous or rosignox or rosignols, nominative singular rosignous or rosignox or rosignols, nominative plural rosignol)

rosignol oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rosignous (oblique plural)
rosignox (oblique plural)
rosignols (oblique plural)
rosignous (nominative singular)
rosignox (nominative singular)
rosignols (nominative singular)
rosignol (nominative plural)

French: rossignol


hardiment

hardiment oblique singular, m (oblique plural hardimenz or hardimentz, nominative singular hardimenz or hardimentz, nominative plural hardiment)

hardiment oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hardimenz (oblique plural)
hardimentz (oblique plural)
hardimenz (nominative singular)
hardimentz (nominative singular)
hardiment (nominative plural)

English: hardiment

La paor entroublierent
et lor hardiment recovrerent.

they forgot their fear,
 and rediscovered their courage.


esglise

esglise oblique singular, f (oblique plural esglises, nominative singular esglise, nominative plural esglises)

esglise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
esglises (oblique plural)
esglise (nominative singular)
esglises (nominative plural)

Variant of eglise, with unetymological -s- to preserve preceding /e/ (rather than /ə/).

Je le vos di por un prouvoire
Qui avoit une bone esglise

c. 1250, Rutebuf, C'est li testament de l'Asne:

I will tell you, there was a priest
Who had a good church


mesage

mesage oblique singular, m (oblique plural mesages, nominative singular mesages, nominative plural mesage)

mesage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mesages (oblique plural)
mesages (nominative singular)
mesage (nominative plural)


pedre

pedre oblique singular, m (oblique plural pedres, nominative singular pedre, nominative plural pedre)

pedre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pedres (oblique plural)
pedre (nominative singular)
pedre (nominative plural)

(early Old French) Alternative form of pere


espuse

espuse oblique singular, f (oblique plural espuses, nominative singular espuse, nominative plural espuses)

espuse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
espuses (oblique plural)
espuse (nominative singular)
espuses (nominative plural)


espus

espus oblique singular, m (oblique plural espus, nominative singular espus, nominative plural espus)

espus oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espus (oblique plural)
espus (nominative singular)
espus (nominative plural)
espus (masculine singular subjective)
espuse (feminine singular subjective)
espus (masculine oblique singular)
espuse (feminine oblique singular)
espus (masculine plural subjective)
espuses (feminine plural subjective)
espus (masculine oblique plural)
espuses (feminine oblique plural)

→ Middle English: spous, spouse

English: spouse


baisiers

inflection of baisier:
nominative singular


douçour

douçour oblique singular, f (oblique plural douçours, nominative singular douçour, nominative plural douçours)

douçour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
douçours (oblique plural)
douçour (nominative singular)
douçours (nominative plural)

French: douceur

From Latin dulcor, with the c altered to ç under the influence of dous, douz.


hontage

hontage oblique singular, m (oblique plural hontages, nominative singular hontages, nominative plural hontage)

hontage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hontages (oblique plural)
hontages (nominative singular)
hontage (nominative plural)


chois

chois oblique singular, m (oblique plural chois, nominative singular chois, nominative plural chois)

chois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chois (oblique plural)
chois (nominative singular)
chois (nominative plural)

French: choix

desctree

→ Middle English: chois, choice, choisse, chose, choys, choyse
English: choice
Scots: chice


norriture

fro-noun

norriture oblique singular, f (oblique plural norritures, nominative singular norriture, nominative plural norritures)

norriture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
norritures (oblique plural)
norriture (nominative singular)
norritures (nominative plural)

French: nourriture


eaue

eaue oblique singular, f (oblique plural eaues, nominative singular eaue, nominative plural eaues)

eaue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
eaues (oblique plural)
eaue (nominative singular)
eaues (nominative plural)

Middle French: eau

French: eau


ruissel

ruissel oblique singular, m (oblique plural ruisseaus or ruisseax or ruissiaus or ruissiax or ruissels, nominative singular ruisseaus or ruisseax or ruissiaus or ruissiax or ruissels, nominative plural ruissel)

ruissel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ruisseaus (oblique plural)
ruisseax (oblique plural)
ruissiaus (oblique plural)
ruissiax (oblique plural)
ruissels (oblique plural)
ruisseaus (nominative singular)
ruisseax (nominative singular)
ruissiaus (nominative singular)
ruissiax (nominative singular)
ruissels (nominative singular)
ruissel (nominative plural)

French: ruisseau

Gallo: rusai

From Vulgar Latin *rivuscellum (“brook, stream”), from Latin *rīvusculum (“creek, rivulet”) + -ellum (“-elle: forming diminutives”), from rīvus (“rivulet”) + -usculum (“-cule: forming diminutives”).

inh

De l'iaue bevoit au ruissel

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la vie de Sainte Marie l'Egypcienne:


froit

fro-noun

froit oblique singular, m (oblique plural froiz or froitz, nominative singular froiz or froitz, nominative plural froit)

froit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
froiz (oblique plural)
froitz (oblique plural)
froiz (nominative singular)
froitz (nominative singular)
froit (nominative plural)

Middle French: froit, froid

French: froid

From earlier freit, freid, from Latin frīgidus, through a contracted Vulgar Latin form *frigdus, fricdus.


bailis

inflection of bailif:
nominative singular


dampnation

dampnation oblique singular, f (oblique plural dampnations, nominative singular dampnation, nominative plural dampnations)

dampnation oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dampnations (oblique plural)
dampnation (nominative singular)
dampnations (nominative plural)

→ English: damnation

French: damnation

From an earlier damnation with hypercorrection (no p in the Latin damnatio).


bailif

bailif oblique singular, m (oblique plural bailis, nominative singular bailis, nominative plural bailif)

bailif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bailis (oblique plural)
bailis (nominative singular)
bailif (nominative plural)

Middle French: baillif, bailli

French: bailli

Norman: bailli

→ Irish: báille

→ Italian: balì

→ Scottish Gaelic: bàillidh

Picard: baileu

Walloon: baileu, bailou, bayî

→ Italian: balivo, Balivo

desc

→ Middle English: baillif, bailif, balif, bailli, baili, bali, baley

English: bailiff

Scots: bailie

→ Sicilian: baulì

desctree

→ Medieval Latin: ballīvus, baillīvus
→ Middle Dutch: baliu, baeliu, bailiu, bailliu, baelyou, baeljuw, balgu, beliou
Dutch: baljuw
→ Middle Low German: baliu, baliuw

From Vulgar Latin *baiulīvus, from Latin baiulus.


bacynetz

inflection of bacynet:
nominative singular


kemise

fro-noun

kemise oblique singular, f (oblique plural kemises, nominative singular kemise, nominative plural kemises)

kemise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
kemises (oblique plural)
kemise (nominative singular)
kemises (nominative plural)


oliphant

oliphant oblique singular, m (oblique plural oliphanz or oliphantz, nominative singular oliphanz or oliphantz, nominative plural oliphant)

oliphant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oliphanz (oblique plural)
oliphantz (oblique plural)
oliphanz (nominative singular)
oliphantz (nominative singular)
oliphant (nominative plural)


ostrige

ostrige oblique singular, f (oblique plural ostriges, nominative singular ostrige, nominative plural ostriges)

ostrige oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ostriges (oblique plural)
ostrige (nominative singular)
ostriges (nominative plural)

→ English: ostrich

French: autruche

les testes saunz bacynetz covertz od chaplets od plumes de ostriges

[Their] heads without bascinets, covered with small hats made of ostrich plumes.


bacynet

bacynet oblique singular, m (oblique plural bacynez or bacynetz, nominative singular bacynez or bacynetz, nominative plural bacynet)

bacynet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bacynez (oblique plural)
bacynetz (oblique plural)
bacynez (nominative singular)
bacynetz (nominative singular)
bacynet (nominative plural)


flateour

flateour oblique singular, m (oblique plural flateours, nominative singular flateours, nominative plural flateour)

flateour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
flateours (oblique plural)
flateours (nominative singular)
flateour (nominative plural)

French: flatteur


paiz

paiz oblique singular, f (nominative singular paiz)

paiz oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
paiz (nominative singular)


marchis

marchis oblique singular, m (oblique plural marchis, nominative singular marchis, nominative plural marchis)

marchis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
marchis (oblique plural)
marchis (nominative singular)
marchis (nominative plural)

English: marquis (via Middle or Modern French)

French: marquis

Medieval Latin marcliensis, from Frankish *markōn or Old High German marcha, from Proto-Germanic *markō (“area, region, edge, rim, border”)


criature

fro-noun

criature oblique singular, f (oblique plural criatures, nominative singular criature, nominative plural criatures)

criature oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
criatures (oblique plural)
criature (nominative singular)
criatures (nominative plural)


dreiture

dreiture oblique singular, f (oblique plural dreitures, nominative singular dreiture, nominative plural dreitures)

dreiture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dreitures (oblique plural)
dreiture (nominative singular)
dreitures (nominative plural)

droit + -ure. Compare Old Occitan drechura.


autrier

(with definite article) the other day (in the recent past)


voiage

voiage oblique singular, m (oblique plural voiages, nominative singular voiages, nominative plural voiage)

voiage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
voiages (oblique plural)
voiages (nominative singular)
voiage (nominative plural)

Middle French: voiage

French: voyage

Norman: viage

desctree

→ Middle English: viage
English: voyage
Scots: vaige


vavasor

fro-noun

vavasor oblique singular, m (oblique plural vavasors, nominative singular vavasors, nominative plural vavasor)

vavasor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vavasors (oblique plural)
vavasors (nominative singular)
vavasor (nominative plural)

Et dit li filz au vavasor :

c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:


rancur

rancur oblique singular, f (oblique plural rancurs, nominative singular rancur, nominative plural rancurs)

rancur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rancurs (oblique plural)
rancur (nominative singular)
rancurs (nominative plural)


ardur

ardur oblique singular, f (oblique plural ardurs, nominative singular ardur, nominative plural ardurs)

ardur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ardurs (oblique plural)
ardur (nominative singular)
ardurs (nominative plural)
spelling (Anglo-Norman)

French: ardeur

→ English: ardor, ardour


menstrues

Menstrus fluent naturellement depuis le XIII an

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):

Menses flow naturally from the 13th year


clamur

clamur oblique singular, f (oblique plural clamurs, nominative singular clamur, nominative plural clamurs)

clamur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
clamurs (oblique plural)
clamur (nominative singular)
clamurs (nominative plural)

French: clameur

→ English: clamor, clamour

nient ubliat la clamur des povres


poverte

poverte oblique singular, f (oblique plural povertes, nominative singular poverte, nominative plural povertes)

poverte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
povertes (oblique plural)
poverte (nominative singular)
povertes (nominative plural)


merchi

merchi oblique singular, f (oblique plural merchis, nominative singular merchi, nominative plural merchis)

merchi oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
merchis (oblique plural)
merchi (nominative singular)
merchis (nominative plural)

(Picardy, Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of merci


plenté

plenté oblique singular, f (oblique plural plentez, nominative singular plenté, nominative plural plentez)

plenté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
plentez (oblique plural)
plenté (nominative singular)
plentez (nominative plural)

Middle French: plenté

French: pleinté

desctree

→ Middle English: plente, plentie, pleinte
English: plenty
Yola: blenty

From Latin plēnitās, plēnitātem, corresponding to plein + -té.


chançonete

fro-noun

chançonete oblique singular, f (oblique plural chançonetes, nominative singular chançonete, nominative plural chançonetes)

chançonete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chançonetes (oblique plural)
chançonete (nominative singular)
chançonetes (nominative plural)

French: chansonnette


desloiauté

desloiauté oblique singular, f (oblique plural desloiautez, nominative singular desloiauté, nominative plural desloiautez)

desloiauté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
desloiautez (oblique plural)
desloiauté (nominative singular)
desloiautez (nominative plural)

→ English: disloyalty

French: déloyauté


brunete

brunete oblique singular, f (oblique plural brunetes, nominative singular brunete, nominative plural brunetes)

brunete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
brunetes (oblique plural)
brunete (nominative singular)
brunetes (nominative plural)

→ English: brunette

French: brunette


printans

printans oblique singular, m (oblique plural printans, nominative singular printans, nominative plural printans)

printans oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
printans (oblique plural)
printans (nominative singular)
printans (nominative plural)

French: printemps

From prime tans (“first time, first season”), from Latin prīmum tempus.


bergiere

bergiere oblique singular, f (oblique plural bergieres, nominative singular bergiere, nominative plural bergieres)

bergiere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bergieres (oblique plural)
bergiere (nominative singular)
bergieres (nominative plural)


essamplaire

essamplaire oblique singular, m (oblique plural essamplaires, nominative singular essamplaires, nominative plural essamplaire)

essamplaire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
essamplaires (oblique plural)
essamplaires (nominative singular)
essamplaire (nominative plural)

⇒ Middle French: exemplaire (reformed based on Latin)

French: exemplaire

→ English: exemplar

→ English: sampler


boschet

boschet oblique singular, m (oblique plural boschez or boschetz, nominative singular boschez or boschetz, nominative plural boschet)

boschet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
boschez (oblique plural)
boschetz (oblique plural)
boschez (nominative singular)
boschetz (nominative singular)
boschet (nominative plural)

French: bochet (regional)

From Early Medieval Latin boscus, a 'vulgar' borrowing of Frankish *busk, suffixed with -et (diminutive ending). Not the source of French bosquet, which is a later borrowing, probably from Occitan, albeit cognate morpheme-by-morpheme.


molin

molin oblique singular, m (oblique plural molins, nominative singular molins, nominative plural molin)

molin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
molins (oblique plural)
molins (nominative singular)
molin (nominative plural)

→ English: moline

desctree

Middle French: moulin
French: moulin
→ English: moulin

Walloon: molén

From Late Latin molīnum, from molīnus, from Latin molō.


linguage

fro-noun

linguage oblique singular, m (oblique plural linguages, nominative singular linguages, nominative plural linguage)

linguage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
linguages (oblique plural)
linguages (nominative singular)
linguage (nominative plural)


herde

herde oblique singular, f (oblique plural herdes, nominative singular herde, nominative plural herdes)

herde oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
herdes (oblique plural)
herde (nominative singular)
herdes (nominative plural)

Middle French: harde

French: harde

From Frankish *herdu, from Proto-Germanic *herdō, from Proto-Indo-European *kerdʰ- (“file, row, herd”).


espie

fro-noun

espie oblique singular, m (oblique plural espies, nominative singular espies, nominative plural espie)

espie oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espies (oblique plural)
espies (nominative singular)
espie (nominative plural)

Middle French: espie

French: épie (obsolete)

→ Middle English: spie, spye

English: spy (noun)

See the verb espier. Compare also Italian spia, Spanish espía.

Dez ke Richart le sout, un espie enveia
Saveir u Thiebaut ert, e combien gent il a.

As soon as Richard knew about it, he sent a spy
to know where Thibalt was, and how many people he had with him.


trecerie

trecerie oblique singular, f (oblique plural treceries, nominative singular trecerie, nominative plural treceries)

trecerie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
treceries (oblique plural)
trecerie (nominative singular)
treceries (nominative plural)


oevre

La tierce oevre fu de musique

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

Por ce me wel a oevre metre

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence li diz de la mensonge:


comencement

comencement oblique singular, m (oblique plural comencemenz or comencementz, nominative singular comencemenz or comencementz, nominative plural comencement)

comencement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
comencemenz (oblique plural)
comencementz (oblique plural)
comencemenz (nominative singular)
comencementz (nominative singular)
comencement (nominative plural)

Ore oëz le comencement! - Now, listen to the beginning!

c. 1200, Marie de France, Prologue des lais:


humblesse

humblesse oblique singular, f (nominative singular humblesse)

humblesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
humblesse (nominative singular)

→ Middle English: humblesse

English: humblesse


digneté

digneté oblique singular, f (oblique plural dignetez, nominative singular digneté, nominative plural dignetez)

digneté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dignetez (oblique plural)
digneté (nominative singular)
dignetez (nominative plural)

[D]igneté de rei resune, Ke regner est ke Deu servir

Dignity resounds from the king, for to reign is to serve God.


fruiz

inflection of fruit:
nominative singular


çant

çant oblique singular, m (oblique plural çanz or çantz, nominative singular çanz or çantz, nominative plural çant)

çant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
çanz (oblique plural)
çantz (oblique plural)
çanz (nominative singular)
çantz (nominative singular)
çant (nominative plural)

Plus de cinc çanz foiz mervelliee[.]


chanberiere

chanberiere oblique singular, f (oblique plural chanberieres, nominative singular chanberiere, nominative plural chanberieres)

chanberiere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chanberieres (oblique plural)
chanberiere (nominative singular)
chanberieres (nominative plural)

Ne chanberiere ne meschine.
-Neither chamber maid nor servant girl.


chanbre

chanbre oblique singular, f (oblique plural chanbres, nominative singular chanbre, nominative plural chanbres)

chanbre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chanbres (oblique plural)
chanbre (nominative singular)
chanbres (nominative plural)


eise

eise oblique singular, f (oblique plural eises, nominative singular eise, nominative plural eises)

eise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
eises (oblique plural)
eise (nominative singular)
eises (nominative plural)

French: aise

Probably inherited from the nominative case of Latin adiacēns, present participle of adiaceō (compare Medieval Latin in aiace). Cognate with Old Occitan aize.
A borrowing from Frankish *ansiju (“eyelet, handle, arms akimbo, elbow room”) is unlikely, but could've affected the semantics of the native French form.

noncog

Et vos an seroiz plus a eise :
Ne cuit mie que molt vos pleise

You will be more at ease:
I don't think that you like me


chaceor

fro-noun

chaceor oblique singular, m (oblique plural chaceors, nominative singular chacere, nominative plural chaceor)

chaceor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chaceors (oblique plural)
chacere (nominative singular)
chaceor (nominative plural)

English: chaser

French: chasseur

Les chevaliers fet esvellier,
Les chaceors, aparellier.

[He] woke up the knights
And armed the hunters.

Uns nains a l’encontre lor vint
Sor un grant chaceor, et tint

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:


chace

chace oblique singular, f (oblique plural chaces, nominative singular chace, nominative plural chaces)

chace oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chaces (oblique plural)
chace (nominative singular)
chaces (nominative plural)

French: chasse

→ English: chace, chase

Sire!, fet il, de ceste chace
N'avroiz vos ja ne gré ne grace.

"Sire!" Said he. "Of this hunt
I have neither desire nor want"


archier

archier oblique singular, m (oblique plural archiers, nominative singular archiers, nominative plural archier)

archier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
archiers (oblique plural)
archiers (nominative singular)
archier (nominative plural)

Middle French: archier

French: archier

→ Italian: arciere

→ Middle Dutch: archier

Dutch: archier

→ Middle English: archer

English: archer

From Vulgar Latin *arcārius, alteration of arcuārius, from Latin arcus (“bow”). By surface analysis, arc + -ier.

Li archier espessemant traient.


haubers

inflection of hauberc:
nominative singular


hauberc

hauberc oblique singular, m (oblique plural haubers, nominative singular haubers, nominative plural hauberc)

hauberc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
haubers (oblique plural)
haubers (nominative singular)
hauberc (nominative plural)

desc

Middle French: haubert, haulber, hauberc

French: haubert

→ Middle English: hauberk, haubrek, hauberc, hamberk, hawbergh, hawberk

English: hauberk, hawberk

⇒ Old French: habergun, haubergeon, haubergeun, haubergon, haubergoun, hawberion

→ Middle English: habergeon, haburjoun, haubergeoun, habergeoun, haberjon

English: habergeon, haubergeon (historical)

From Early Medieval Latin (h)alsbergum, from Frankish.

Hauberc li vest de buene maille


pueples

Trestoz li pueples s'an mervoille[.]
-Straight away, the people marveled [at her]


roke

fro-noun

roke oblique singular, f (oblique plural rokes, nominative singular roke, nominative plural rokes)

roke oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rokes (oblique plural)
roke (nominative singular)
rokes (nominative plural)

(Old Northern French) Alternative form of roche


hiaume

hiaume oblique singular, m (oblique plural hiaumes, nominative singular hiaumes, nominative plural hiaume)

hiaume oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hiaumes (oblique plural)
hiaumes (nominative singular)
hiaume (nominative plural)

Que del hiaume une piece tranche.


jant

jant oblique singular, f (oblique plural janz or jantz, nominative singular jant, nominative plural janz or jantz)

jant oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
janz (oblique plural)
jantz (oblique plural)
jant (nominative singular)
janz (nominative plural)
jantz (nominative plural)

Totes les janz le conoissoient:


faiche

faiche oblique singular, f (oblique plural faiches, nominative singular faiche, nominative plural faiches)

faiche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
faiches (oblique plural)
faiche (nominative singular)
faiches (nominative plural)


lentille

lentille oblique singular, f (oblique plural lentilles, nominative singular lentille, nominative plural lentilles)

lentille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lentilles (oblique plural)
lentille (nominative singular)
lentilles (nominative plural)

French: lentille

desctree

→ Middle English: lentile, lentylle, lentil
English: lentil

From Vulgar Latin *lenticla, from syncopation of Latin lenticula.


roge

fro-noun

roge oblique singular, m (oblique plural roges, nominative singular roges, nominative plural roge)

roge oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
roges (oblique plural)
roges (nominative singular)
roge (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: rouge
French: rouge
→ English: rouge
Haitian Creole: rouj, wouj
→ Hijazi Arabic: روج (rōj)
→ Japanese: ルージュ (rūju)
→ Korean: 루주 (ruju)
Louisiana Creole: rouj
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rouge
→ Serbo-Croatian: ruž
→ Swedish: rouge
→ Turkish: ruj

Norman: rouage (Guernsey), rouoge (Jersey, continental Normandy)

Walloon: rodje

From Latin rubeus (“red”), from ruber (“red”).

Ses haubers est coverz de sanc:
De roge i a plus que de blanc.

His chainmail is covered in blood
There's more red than white (referring to his white chainmail)


enfleure

fro-noun

enfleure oblique singular, f (oblique plural enfleures, nominative singular enfleure, nominative plural enfleures)

enfleure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
enfleures (oblique plural)
enfleure (nominative singular)
enfleures (nominative plural)

Middle French: enfleure

French: enflure


dameisele

dameisele oblique singular, f (oblique plural dameiseles, nominative singular dameisele, nominative plural dameiseles)

dameisele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dameiseles (oblique plural)
dameisele (nominative singular)
dameiseles (nominative plural)

Tot maintenant la dameisele
Un suen serjant privé apele[.]

Right away, the lady
Calls her own sergeant


fraccion

Borrowed from Latin frāctiō, frāctiōnem.


serjant

serjant oblique singular, m (oblique plural serjanz or serjantz, nominative singular serjanz or serjantz, nominative plural serjant)

serjant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
serjanz (oblique plural)
serjantz (oblique plural)
serjanz (nominative singular)
serjantz (nominative singular)
serjant (nominative plural)

French: sergeant

desctree

Middle English: serjaunt
English: sergeant
→ Manx: sarjant
Scots: sairjint

From Latin servientem (literally “serving, one who serves”), present participle of servīre (“to serve”).

inh

Tot maintenant la dameisele
Un suen serjant privé apele.

a military rank, roughly equivalent to sergeant


genoiz

inflection of genoil:
nominative singular


chevisance

fro-noun

chevisance oblique singular, f (oblique plural chevisances, nominative singular chevisance, nominative plural chevisances)

chevisance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chevisances (oblique plural)
chevisance (nominative singular)
chevisances (nominative plural)


bloe

bloe oblique singular, m (oblique plural bloes, nominative singular bloes, nominative plural bloe)

bloe oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bloes (oblique plural)
bloes (nominative singular)
bloe (nominative plural)

From Late Latin blāvus. More at English blue.

Blanches et verz, bloes et jaunes


livreison

livreison oblique singular, f (oblique plural livreisons, nominative singular livreison, nominative plural livreisons)

livreison oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
livreisons (oblique plural)
livreison (nominative singular)
livreisons (nominative plural)

French: livraison

Nus n'i demanda livreison
De rien nule, queus qu'ele fust

Nobody asked to be served (literally "delivery")
For anything at all, whatever it might be.


oel

oel oblique singular, m (oblique plural oeaus or oeax or oiaus or oiax or oels, nominative singular oeaus or oeax or oiaus or oiax or oels, nominative plural oel)

oel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oeaus (oblique plural)
oeax (oblique plural)
oiaus (oblique plural)
oiax (oblique plural)
oels (oblique plural)
oeaus (nominative singular)
oeax (nominative singular)
oiaus (nominative singular)
oiax (nominative singular)
oels (nominative singular)
oel (nominative plural)

Li oel d'esgarder se refont

They looked each other in the eyes again


mançonge

mançonge oblique singular, m (oblique plural mançonges, nominative singular mançonges, nominative plural mançonge)

mançonge oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mançonges (oblique plural)
mançonges (nominative singular)
mançonge (nominative plural)

French: mensonge

Li rois respont: "N'est pas mançonge."


cloque

cloque oblique singular, f (oblique plural cloques, nominative singular cloque, nominative plural cloques)

cloque oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cloques (oblique plural)
cloque (nominative singular)
cloques (nominative plural)


giste

giste oblique singular, f (oblique plural gistes, nominative singular giste, nominative plural gistes)

giste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gistes (oblique plural)
giste (nominative singular)
gistes (nominative plural)

English: gist, joist

French: gîte


blont

blont oblique singular, m (oblique plural blonz or blontz, nominative singular blonz or blontz, nominative plural blont)

blont oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
blonz (oblique plural)
blontz (oblique plural)
blonz (nominative singular)
blontz (nominative singular)
blont (nominative plural)
blonz (masculine singular subjective)
blonde (feminine singular subjective)
blont (masculine oblique singular)
blonde (feminine oblique singular)
blont (masculine plural subjective)
blondes (feminine plural subjective)
blonz (masculine oblique plural)
blondes (feminine oblique plural)

English: blond, blonde

Middle French: blond

French: blond

From Frankish *blund, from Proto-Germanic *blundaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ-.


veile

veile oblique singular, f (oblique plural veiles, nominative singular veile, nominative plural veiles)

veile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
veiles (oblique plural)
veile (nominative singular)
veiles (nominative plural)


plor

plor oblique singular, m (oblique plural plors, nominative singular plors, nominative plural plor)

plor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plors (oblique plural)
plors (nominative singular)
plor (nominative plural)

French: pleur

Son plor et son duel demenant


meison

meison oblique singular, f (oblique plural meisons, nominative singular meison, nominative plural meisons)

meison oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
meisons (oblique plural)
meison (nominative singular)
meisons (nominative plural)


reançon

reançon oblique singular, f (oblique plural reançons, nominative singular reançon, nominative plural reançons)

reançon oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
reançons (oblique plural)
reançon (nominative singular)
reançons (nominative plural)


reison

reison oblique singular, f (oblique plural reisons, nominative singular reison, nominative plural reisons)

reison oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
reisons (oblique plural)
reison (nominative singular)
reisons (nominative plural)


enor

enor oblique singular, m (oblique plural enors, nominative singular enors, nominative plural enor)

enor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enors (oblique plural)
enors (nominative singular)
enor (nominative plural)


arjant

arjant oblique singular, m (oblique plural arjanz or arjantz, nominative singular arjanz or arjantz, nominative plural arjant)

arjant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
arjanz (oblique plural)
arjantz (oblique plural)
arjanz (nominative singular)
arjantz (nominative singular)
arjant (nominative plural)

cest blïaut qui plus de çant mars d'arjant vaut

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Erec et Enide:

this bliaut which is worth more than a hundred marks of silver


roberie

roberie oblique singular, f (oblique plural roberies, nominative singular roberie, nominative plural roberies)

roberie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
roberies (oblique plural)
roberie (nominative singular)
roberies (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: robberie

English: robbery

Scots: robbery

Either from rober + -ie, or directly from Frankish.


gaaing

gaaing oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaainz, nominative singular gaainz, nominative plural gaaing)

gaaing oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gaainz (oblique plural)
gaainz (nominative singular)
gaaing (nominative plural)

French: gain


meitié

meitié oblique singular, f (oblique plural meitiez, nominative singular meitié, nominative plural meitiez)

meitié oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
meitiez (oblique plural)
meitié (nominative singular)
meitiez (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: moytié
French: moitié
→ English: moiety

Inherited from Late Latin medietās, medietātem (“half”).


felenie

fro-noun

felenie oblique singular, f (oblique plural felenies, nominative singular felenie, nominative plural felenies)

felenie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
felenies (oblique plural)
felenie (nominative singular)
felenies (nominative plural)

De tant come ele l'ot veü,
Que plains estoit de felenie.


somoil

somoil oblique singular, m (nominative singular somouz or somoilz)

somoil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
somouz (nominative singular)
somoilz (nominative singular)

French: sommeil

Onques la nuit ne prist somoil.


foiz

foiz oblique singular, f (oblique plural foiz, nominative singular foiz, nominative plural foiz)

foiz oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
foiz (oblique plural)
foiz (nominative singular)
foiz (nominative plural)

Middle French: foys

French: fois

Norman: fais

Si la comande a Deu çant foiz


jurnee

jurnee oblique singular, f (oblique plural jurnees, nominative singular jurnee, nominative plural jurnees)

jurnee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
jurnees (oblique plural)
jurnee (nominative singular)
jurnees (nominative plural)


felunie

felunie oblique singular, f (oblique plural felunies, nominative singular felunie, nominative plural felunies)

felunie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
felunies (oblique plural)
felunie (nominative singular)
felunies (nominative plural)

Either from felun + -ie, or directly from Frankish

Mult sunt lur fables replenies [d]e ordures e de felunies


felonie

felonie oblique singular, f (oblique plural felonies, nominative singular felonie, nominative plural felonies)

felonie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
felonies (oblique plural)
felonie (nominative singular)
felonies (nominative plural)

→ English: felony

French: félonie

→ Galician: felonía


felun

felun oblique singular, m (oblique plural feluns, nominative singular feluns, nominative plural felun)

felun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
feluns (oblique plural)
feluns (nominative singular)
felun (nominative plural)
feluns (masculine singular subjective)
felune (feminine singular subjective)
felun (masculine oblique singular)
felune (feminine oblique singular)
felun (masculine plural subjective)
felunes (feminine plural subjective)
feluns (masculine oblique plural)
felunes (feminine oblique plural)

Quant aveit fet la traisun, a sun seingnur cume felun

After committing treason, he returned to his lord as an evil man

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of felon


jornee

jornee oblique singular, f (oblique plural jornees, nominative singular jornee, nominative plural jornees)

jornee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
jornees (oblique plural)
jornee (nominative singular)
jornees (nominative plural)

French: journée

Norman: journée, journaïe

→ Cornish: jorna

→ Friulian: zornade

→ Istriot: zurnada

→ Italian: giornata [1230–50]

→ Medieval Latin: diurnāta [1144–67]

desctree

→ Middle English: journe
English: journey
Scots: jurney

→ Sicilian: jurnata

→ Venetian: zornada, xornada

/d͡ʒuɾˈneːə/

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *diurnāta. Documented from ca. 1150. Derivable from jorn (“day”) + -ee.

Chascun jor firent grant jornee


jauge

fro-noun

jauge oblique singular, f (oblique plural jauges, nominative singular jauge, nominative plural jauges)

jauge oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
jauges (oblique plural)
jauge (nominative singular)
jauges (nominative plural)

Middle French: jauge

French: jauge

→ Galician: galgar

→ Middle English: gauge, gage

Scots: gauge

English: gauge

Borrowed from Frankish *galgo, *galga, from Proto-Germanic *galgô (“rod”).

gauging rod (rod used to measure the depth of a liquid)


cloie

cloie oblique singular, f (oblique plural cloies, nominative singular cloie, nominative plural cloies)

cloie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cloies (oblique plural)
cloie (nominative singular)
cloies (nominative plural)

French: claie

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin clēta.


covertor

fro-noun

covertor oblique singular, m (oblique plural covertors, nominative singular covertors, nominative plural covertor)

covertor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
covertors (oblique plural)
covertors (nominative singular)
covertor (nominative plural)


conoissance

conoissance oblique singular, f (oblique plural conoissances, nominative singular conoissance, nominative plural conoissances)

conoissance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
conoissances (oblique plural)
conoissance (nominative singular)
conoissances (nominative plural)

French: connaissance

From Late Latin cognōscentia, from Latin cognōscens.


meniere

meniere oblique singular, f (oblique plural menieres, nominative singular meniere, nominative plural menieres)

meniere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
menieres (oblique plural)
meniere (nominative singular)
menieres (nominative plural)


wardein

wardein oblique singular, m (oblique plural wardeinz, nominative singular wardeinz, nominative plural wardein)

wardein oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
wardeinz (oblique plural)
wardeinz (nominative singular)
wardein (nominative plural)

→ English: warden

Found in northern dialects/Old Northern French, such as Old Norman. From *guardein, from the verb guarder, of Germanic origin. Compare also warder.

(Old Northern French, Anglo-Norman) protector; guard; guardian


crevace

crevace oblique singular, f (oblique plural crevaces, nominative singular crevace, nominative plural crevaces)

crevace oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
crevaces (oblique plural)
crevace (nominative singular)
crevaces (nominative plural)

French: crevasse

→ English: crevasse


umilité

umilité oblique singular, f (oblique plural umilitez, nominative singular umilité, nominative plural umilitez)

umilité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
umilitez (oblique plural)
umilité (nominative singular)
umilitez (nominative plural)

→ English: humility

French: humilité


viscosité

viscosité oblique singular, f (oblique plural viscositez, nominative singular viscosité, nominative plural viscositez)

viscosité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
viscositez (oblique plural)
viscosité (nominative singular)
viscositez (nominative plural)


balaine

balaine oblique singular, f (oblique plural balaines, nominative singular balaine, nominative plural balaines)

balaine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
balaines (oblique plural)
balaine (nominative singular)
balaines (nominative plural)

Qui t'engendra? — Uns galerous
— De que t'ot il? — D'une balaine

late 12th century, anonymous author, “La Folie de Tristan de Berne”, in Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 310, lines 157–8:

— Who is your father? — A walrus
— Who did he have you with? — A whale (Tristan is deliberately speaking nonsense in this passage in order to pass for a harmless madman)


porpre

porpre oblique singular, m (oblique plural porpres, nominative singular porpres, nominative plural porpre)

porpre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
porpres (oblique plural)
porpres (nominative singular)
porpre (nominative plural)

French: pourpre

Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra) via Latin purpura


dant

dant oblique singular, m (oblique plural danz or dantz, nominative singular danz or dantz, nominative plural dant)

dant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
danz (oblique plural)
dantz (oblique plural)
danz (nominative singular)
dantz (nominative singular)
dant (nominative plural)


sospeçon

sospeçon oblique singular, m (oblique plural sospeçons, nominative singular sospeçons, nominative plural sospeçon)

sospeçon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sospeçons (oblique plural)
sospeçons (nominative singular)
sospeçon (nominative plural)

French: soupçon

desc

→ English: suspicion (partly, through Anglo-Norman, or rather taken straight from Latin)

From the Latin suspectiōnem, from suspiciō (“suspect, mistrust”).


onbre

fro-noun

onbre oblique singular, f (oblique plural onbres, nominative singular onbre, nominative plural onbres)

onbre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
onbres (oblique plural)
onbre (nominative singular)
onbres (nominative plural)

French: ombre

Norman: ombre

shadow (shape caused by a lack of light)


coart

coart oblique singular, m (oblique plural coarz or coartz, nominative singular coarz or coartz, nominative plural coart)

coart oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
coarz (oblique plural)
coartz (oblique plural)
coarz (nominative singular)
coartz (nominative singular)
coart (nominative plural)

Ne ne fist sanblant de coart.


simonie

simonie oblique singular, f (nominative singular simonie)

simonie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
simonie (nominative singular)

From Ecclesiastical Latin and Late Latin simonia, after Simon Magus, who in Acts tries to buy from Peter the power to confer the Holy Spirit, from Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (Šimʻôn, “Simon”).


peisson

peisson oblique singular, m (oblique plural peissons, nominative singular peissons, nominative plural peisson)

peisson oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
peissons (oblique plural)
peissons (nominative singular)
peisson (nominative plural)


pannicle

pannicle oblique singular, f (oblique plural pannicles, nominative singular pannicle, nominative plural pannicles)

pannicle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pannicles (oblique plural)
pannicle (nominative singular)
pannicles (nominative plural)

From Late Latin panniculus (“membrane”), from Latin panniculus (“small rag”), from pannus (“cloth”).


tradicion

tradicion oblique singular, f (oblique plural tradicions, nominative singular tradicion, nominative plural tradicions)

tradicion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tradicions (oblique plural)
tradicion (nominative singular)
tradicions (nominative plural)

First known attestation 1268, borrowed from Latin trāditiō.


citet

citet oblique singular, f (oblique plural citez or citetz, nominative singular citet, nominative plural citez or citetz)

citet oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
citez (oblique plural)
citetz (oblique plural)
citet (nominative singular)
citez (nominative plural)
citetz (nominative plural)

Middle French: cité
French: cité

Picard: chitè

desctree

→ Middle English: cite
English: city (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ceety

Inherited from Late Latin cīvitātem (“city”).


vicaire

fro-noun

vicaire oblique singular, m (oblique plural vicaires, nominative singular vicaires, nominative plural vicaire)

vicaire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vicaires (oblique plural)
vicaires (nominative singular)
vicaire (nominative plural)


pleintif

pleintif oblique singular, m (oblique plural pleintis, nominative singular pleintis, nominative plural pleintif)

pleintif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pleintis (oblique plural)
pleintis (nominative singular)
pleintif (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: plaintif

→ Middle English: plaintif

English: plaintiff

→ Middle English: pleintif, plentyff

English: plaintive

French: plaintif

From the verb pleindre (“to complain, to bewail”).


avancement

avancement oblique singular, m (oblique plural avancemenz or avancementz, nominative singular avancemenz or avancementz, nominative plural avancement)

avancement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
avancemenz (oblique plural)
avancementz (oblique plural)
avancemenz (nominative singular)
avancementz (nominative singular)
avancement (nominative plural)

French: avancement

→ English: advancement


gonfanon

gonfanon oblique singular, m (oblique plural gonfanons, nominative singular gonfanons, nominative plural gonfanon)

gonfanon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gonfanons (oblique plural)
gonfanons (nominative singular)
gonfanon (nominative plural)

French: gonfanon

→ Middle Dutch: gonfanoen

Dutch: gonfanon

→ Middle English: gonfanon

English: gonfanon

Borrowed from Frankish *gunþifanō, from Proto-Germanic *gunþifanô.


gonfalon

gonfalon oblique singular, m (oblique plural gonfalons, nominative singular gonfalons, nominative plural gonfalon)

gonfalon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gonfalons (oblique plural)
gonfalons (nominative singular)
gonfalon (nominative plural)

French: gonfalon

→ Middle English: gonfalon

English: gonfalon

→ Italian: gonfalone

→ Middle Dutch: gonfaloen

Dutch: gonfalon, gonfalone

From Frankish *gunþifanō, from Proto-Germanic *gunþifanô.


gantelet

gantelet oblique singular, m (oblique plural gantelez or ganteletz, nominative singular gantelez or ganteletz, nominative plural gantelet)

gantelet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gantelez (oblique plural)
ganteletz (oblique plural)
gantelez (nominative singular)
ganteletz (nominative singular)
gantelet (nominative plural)

French: gauntlet, gantlet

desctree

→ Middle English: gauntelet, gantelet, gauntlet
English: gauntlet
Yola: gauntletès (plural)

→ Spanish: guantelete

First known attestation in the late 13th century in the plural gantelés. From gant + -elet (no evidence of an intermediate *gantel).


canchon

fro-noun

canchon oblique singular, f (oblique plural canchons, nominative singular canchon, nominative plural canchons)

canchon oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
canchons (oblique plural)
canchon (nominative singular)
canchons (nominative plural)


scabie

scabie oblique singular, f (oblique plural scabies, nominative singular scabie, nominative plural scabies)

scabie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
scabies (oblique plural)
scabie (nominative singular)
scabies (nominative plural)


bachin

bachin oblique singular, m (oblique plural bachins, nominative singular bachins, nominative plural bachin)

bachin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bachins (oblique plural)
bachins (nominative singular)
bachin (nominative plural)

De l'yaue le bachin tout plain.

the basin was full of water (Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion)


bacin

bacin oblique singular, m (oblique plural bacins, nominative singular bacins, nominative plural bacin)

bacin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bacins (oblique plural)
bacins (nominative singular)
bacin (nominative plural)

French: bassin

→ Persian: باسن

Norman: bachîn (Jersey)

desctree

→ Middle English: basyn, bacin, bacyn, bascin, basen, basin, bason, bassen, bassene, bassyn
English: basin
Scots: bashin
→ Irish: báisín

From Vulgar Latin *baccinum, probably of Gaulish origin. Borrowed into English as basin.

En bacins d'or ewe aporterent

They brought water in basins made of gold


escrit

fro-noun

escrit oblique singular, m (oblique plural escriz or escritz, nominative singular escriz or escritz, nominative plural escrit)

escrit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escriz (oblique plural)
escritz (oblique plural)
escriz (nominative singular)
escritz (nominative singular)
escrit (nominative plural)

D'icest en sun escrit Phisologus dit.

c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire, line 691:

Of this, in his writings, Phisologus says


Troyen

Troyen oblique singular, m (oblique plural Troyens, nominative singular Troyens, nominative plural Troyen)

Troyen oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Troyens (oblique plural)
Troyens (nominative singular)
Troyen (nominative plural)


pretour

pretour oblique singular, m (oblique plural pretours, nominative singular pretours, nominative plural pretour)

pretour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pretours (oblique plural)
pretours (nominative singular)
pretour (nominative plural)

English: praetor


cisel

cisel oblique singular, m (oblique plural ciseaus or ciseax or cisiaus or cisiax or cisels, nominative singular ciseaus or ciseax or cisiaus or cisiax or cisels, nominative plural cisel)

cisel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ciseaus (oblique plural)
ciseax (oblique plural)
cisiaus (oblique plural)
cisiax (oblique plural)
cisels (oblique plural)
ciseaus (nominative singular)
ciseax (nominative singular)
cisiaus (nominative singular)
cisiax (nominative singular)
cisels (nominative singular)
cisel (nominative plural)

French: ciseau

Norman: chîsé

→ British Isles

desctree

Middle English: chisel, chesel, chiseel, chesell, chisal, chesal
English: chisel
Yola: chisool

→ S. France

Occitan: cisèl, ciseu

→? Piedmontese: sisèl

→ Iberia

Catalan: cisell

Portuguese: cinzel

Spanish: cincel

→ Italy

Italian: cesello

→? Friulian: cesel

Likely from cisoir with a change in suffix to -el.

Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico


abeance

fro-noun

abeance oblique singular, f (oblique plural abeances, nominative singular abeance, nominative plural abeances)

abeance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
abeances (oblique plural)
abeance (nominative singular)
abeances (nominative plural)

English: abeyance

From the verb abeer, from Late Latin batō.


crope

crope oblique singular, f (oblique plural cropes, nominative singular crope, nominative plural cropes)

crope oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cropes (oblique plural)
crope (nominative singular)
cropes (nominative plural)

Middle French: croupe

French: croupe (see there for further descendants)

Norman: croupe

desc

→ Middle English: croupe, crope, crop, croppe

English: croup, croupe

Scots: crouppe

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz.


abaie

fro-noun

abaie oblique singular, f (oblique plural abaies, nominative singular abaie, nominative plural abaies)

abaie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
abaies (oblique plural)
abaie (nominative singular)
abaies (nominative plural)

Middle English: abbeye

English: abbey

Middle French: abbaïe

French: abbaye

Picard: abaïe

From Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbatia.


abaie

abaie oblique singular, ? (nominative singular abaie)

abaie oblique singular (canonical)
abaie (nominative singular)


mainoevre

mainoevre oblique singular, f (oblique plural mainoevres, nominative singular mainoevre, nominative plural mainoevres)

mainoevre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mainoevres (oblique plural)
mainoevre (nominative singular)
mainoevres (nominative plural)

Vulgar Latin, corresponding to main (“hand”) + oevre (“work, effort”)


liesse

liesse oblique singular, m (oblique plural liesses, nominative singular liesses, nominative plural liesse)

liesse oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
liesses (oblique plural)
liesses (nominative singular)
liesse (nominative plural)

French: liesse

From Latin laetitia (“great joy; pleasure”).


parament

parament oblique singular, m (oblique plural paramenz or paramentz, nominative singular paramenz or paramentz, nominative plural parament)

parament oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
paramenz (oblique plural)
paramentz (oblique plural)
paramenz (nominative singular)
paramentz (nominative singular)
parament (nominative plural)

(9th century) Alternative form of parement


cruste

cruste oblique singular, f (oblique plural crustes, nominative singular cruste, nominative plural crustes)

cruste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
crustes (oblique plural)
cruste (nominative singular)
crustes (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: cruste, croste, crouste, curst
English: crust
→ Welsh: crwst
Yola: crewst, crwest

pernez une des crustes bien chaude

(often Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of croste


novelté

fro-noun

novelté oblique singular, f (oblique plural noveltez, nominative singular novelté, nominative plural noveltez)

novelté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
noveltez (oblique plural)
novelté (nominative singular)
noveltez (nominative plural)

French: nouveauté

→ Middle English: novelte

English: novelty

From novel + -té, or directly from Latin.


Fraunceis

head

Fraunceis m (plural Fraunceis, feminine Fraunceise, feminine plural Fraunceises)

Fraunceis (plural)
Fraunceise (feminine)
Fraunceises (feminine plural)


cucuault

fro-noun

cucuault oblique singular, m (oblique plural cucuaulz or cucuaultz, nominative singular cucuaulz or cucuaultz, nominative plural cucuault)

cucuault oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cucuaulz (oblique plural)
cucuaultz (oblique plural)
cucuaulz (nominative singular)
cucuaultz (nominative singular)
cucuault (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: cokewold, cokewald, cukewald, cukeweld, cokwold
English: cuckold

→ Irish: cucól

From cucu, cocu (“cuckoo”), ultimately imitative or from Latin cuculus, + the Frankish suffix *-wald, from *wald.

onomatopoeic

imitative


bounté

fro-noun

bounté oblique singular, f (oblique plural bountez, nominative singular bounté, nominative plural bountez)

bounté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bountez (oblique plural)
bounté (nominative singular)
bountez (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: bounte, bonte, bunte, bountie
English: bounty

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of bunté


enfaunt

fro-noun

enfaunt oblique singular, m (oblique plural enfaunz or enfauntz, nominative singular enfaunz or enfauntz, nominative plural enfaunt)

enfaunt oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enfaunz (oblique plural)
enfauntz (oblique plural)
enfaunz (nominative singular)
enfauntz (nominative singular)
enfaunt (nominative plural)


mesoun

mesoun oblique singular, f (oblique plural mesouns, nominative singular mesoun, nominative plural mesouns)

mesoun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mesouns (oblique plural)
mesoun (nominative singular)
mesouns (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of meson


anguise

anguise oblique singular, f (oblique plural anguises, nominative singular anguise, nominative plural anguises)

anguise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
anguises (oblique plural)
anguise (nominative singular)
anguises (nominative plural)


mesaventure

mesaventure oblique singular, f (oblique plural mesaventures, nominative singular mesaventure, nominative plural mesaventures)

mesaventure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mesaventures (oblique plural)
mesaventure (nominative singular)
mesaventures (nominative plural)

English: misadventure

French: mésaventure


hounte

hounte oblique singular, f (oblique plural hountes, nominative singular hounte, nominative plural hountes)

hounte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
hountes (oblique plural)
hounte (nominative singular)
hountes (nominative plural)


mescheaunce

mescheaunce oblique singular, f (oblique plural mescheaunces, nominative singular mescheaunce, nominative plural mescheaunces)

mescheaunce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mescheaunces (oblique plural)
mescheaunce (nominative singular)
mescheaunces (nominative plural)


Cornewaleys

Cornewaleys oblique singular, m (oblique plural Cornewaleys, nominative singular Cornewaleys, nominative plural Cornewaleys)

Cornewaleys oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Cornewaleys (oblique plural)
Cornewaleys (nominative singular)
Cornewaleys (nominative plural)
Cornewaleys (masculine singular subjective)
Cornewaleyse (feminine singular subjective)
Cornewaleys (masculine oblique singular)
Cornewaleyse (feminine oblique singular)
Cornewaleys (masculine plural subjective)
Cornewaleyses (feminine plural subjective)
Cornewaleys (masculine oblique plural)
Cornewaleyses (feminine oblique plural)


corounement

corounement oblique singular, m (oblique plural corounemenz or corounementz, nominative singular corounemenz or corounementz, nominative plural corounement)

corounement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
corounemenz (oblique plural)
corounementz (oblique plural)
corounemenz (nominative singular)
corounementz (nominative singular)
corounement (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of coronemant


nece

nece oblique singular, f (oblique plural neces, nominative singular nece, nominative plural neces)

nece oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
neces (oblique plural)
nece (nominative singular)
neces (nominative plural)


sacrifise

sacrifise oblique singular, m (oblique plural sacrifises, nominative singular sacrifises, nominative plural sacrifise)

sacrifise oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sacrifises (oblique plural)
sacrifises (nominative singular)
sacrifise (nominative plural)

→ English: sacrifice


fievre

fievre oblique singular, f (oblique plural fievres, nominative singular fievre, nominative plural fievres)

fievre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fievres (oblique plural)
fievre (nominative singular)
fievres (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: fievre, fiebvre
French: fièvre

Norman: fièvre

Walloon: five

→ Irish: fiabhras

desc

→ Middle English: fever, fefer, feofer, fovre, fevre, fiever, fiver (with Old English fefor)

English: fever

Scots: fiver

→ Scottish Gaelic: fiabhras


draperie

fro-noun

draperie oblique singular, f (oblique plural draperies, nominative singular draperie, nominative plural draperies)

draperie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
draperies (oblique plural)
draperie (nominative singular)
draperies (nominative plural)

English: drapery

French: draperie

drap + -erie, or from an unattested Late Latin *drappāria.


hamelet

hamelet oblique singular, m (oblique plural hamelez or hameletz, nominative singular hamelez or hameletz, nominative plural hamelet)

hamelet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hamelez (oblique plural)
hameletz (oblique plural)
hamelez (nominative singular)
hameletz (nominative singular)
hamelet (nominative plural)

Middle French: hamelet

→ Middle English: hamelet, hamlet

desc

Early Scots: hamillet, hamlet, hamelat, hamelet

English: hamlet

Diminutive form of hamel, from ham (“village”), borrowed from Frankish *haim (“home, village”), from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.


parchemin

fro-noun

parchemin oblique singular, m (oblique plural parchemins, nominative singular parchemins, nominative plural parchemin)

parchemin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
parchemins (oblique plural)
parchemins (nominative singular)
parchemin (nominative plural)

French: parchemin

desctree

→ Middle Dutch: percament
Dutch: perkament

→ Middle English: parchemyn, parchement, perchemyn, parchmen, parchemin, percemyn, parchemen, parchemeyn
English: parchment
Scots: pairchment

→ Sicilian: barciminu, carcimina


fulc

fro-noun

fulc oblique singular, m (oblique plural fuls, nominative singular fuls, nominative plural fulc)

fulc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fuls (oblique plural)
fuls (nominative singular)
fulc (nominative plural)

From Frankish *fulc, *folc, *fluc, from Proto-Germanic *flukkaz (“flock, group, multitude”). More at flock.

uder

The peasants died, by the thousands and in flocks.

Paiens sunt morz a millers e a fuls (The Song of Roland, circa 1150, line 1439)


foulc

fro-noun

foulc oblique singular, m (oblique plural fouls, nominative singular fouls, nominative plural foulc)

foulc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fouls (oblique plural)
fouls (nominative singular)
foulc (nominative plural)

Middle French: foule

French: foule

Norman: foule (Jersey)

Picard: foûle, foule

Walloon: flouhe

From Frankish *fulc, *folc (“people, crowd, multitude, troop”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“people collectively, multitude; host of warriors”). Cognate with Old High German folc (“people, nation”). More at folk, full.


muntaigne

fro-noun

muntaigne oblique singular, f (oblique plural muntaignes, nominative singular muntaigne, nominative plural muntaignes)

muntaigne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
muntaignes (oblique plural)
muntaigne (nominative singular)
muntaignes (nominative plural)


camelz

inflection of camel:
nominative singular


pecchet

pecchet oblique singular, f (oblique plural pecchez or pecchetz, nominative singular pecchet, nominative plural pecchez or pecchetz)

pecchet oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pecchez (oblique plural)
pecchetz (oblique plural)
pecchet (nominative singular)
pecchez (nominative plural)
pecchetz (nominative plural)


nuvele

nuvele oblique singular, f (oblique plural nuveles, nominative singular nuvele, nominative plural nuveles)

nuvele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nuveles (oblique plural)
nuvele (nominative singular)
nuveles (nominative plural)

From Latin novella, feminine diminutive of novus (“new”).


Affrican

Affrican oblique singular, m (oblique plural Affricans, nominative singular Affricans, nominative plural Affrican)

Affrican oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Affricans (oblique plural)
Affricans (nominative singular)
Affrican (nominative plural)

English: African

From Africa, an African came

D'Affrike i ad un Affrican venut (The Song of Roland, circa 1150)


humilitet

humilitet oblique singular, f (nominative singular humilitet)

humilitet oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
humilitet (nominative singular)


branche d'olive

branche d'olive oblique singular, f (oblique plural branches d'olive, nominative singular branche d'olive, nominative plural branches d'olive)

branche d'olive oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
branches d'olive (oblique plural)
branche d'olive (nominative singular)
branches d'olive (nominative plural)


tenour

tenour oblique singular, m (oblique plural tenours, nominative singular tenours, nominative plural tenour)

tenour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tenours (oblique plural)
tenours (nominative singular)
tenour (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of tenor (possessor)


tenour

tenour oblique singular, f (oblique plural tenours, nominative singular tenour, nominative plural tenours)

tenour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tenours (oblique plural)
tenour (nominative singular)
tenours (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of teneure (tenure)


armee

armee oblique singular, f (oblique plural armees, nominative singular armee, nominative plural armees)

armee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
armees (oblique plural)
armee (nominative singular)
armees (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: armee
French: armée
→ Norwegian Bokmål: armé
→ German: Armee
→ Estonian: armee

Norman: armée

→ Middle English: armee, arme, armeye, armye, harme
English: army

From the feminine past participle of armer, corresponding to Medieval Latin armāta (“armed force”), the neuter plural form of the past participle of Latin armō (“to arm”), from arma (“arms, weapons”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”).

1847, M. Champollion-Figeac, Lettres de rois, reines et autres personnages des cours de France et d'Angleterre depuis Louis VII jusqu'à Henri IV, tirées des archives de Londres, Paris (date of cited texts 1301-1515)

another very powerful, big and notable army

une autre tres puissante, grande et notable armee


leisir

fro-noun

leisir oblique singular, m (oblique plural leisirs, nominative singular leisirs, nominative plural leisir)

leisir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
leisirs (oblique plural)
leisirs (nominative singular)
leisir (nominative plural)

[…] n’ot il point de leisir; A peine put il manger, beivere ou dormir.

[…] He had no rest. Only barely could he eat, drink or sleep.


guarantie

guarantie oblique singular, f (oblique plural guaranties, nominative singular guarantie, nominative plural guaranties)

guarantie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guaranties (oblique plural)
guarantie (nominative singular)
guaranties (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: warrantie, warantie

→ Middle English: warantie

English: warranty

Scots: warrandy

Middle French: garantie

French: garantie (see there for further descendants)

Norman: garanti (Jersey)

Middle English: garrantye

→ English: guaranty

→ Catalan: guarentia, garantia

→ Spanish: garantía


garnemenz

inflection of garnement:
nominative singular


navie

navie oblique singular, f (oblique plural navies, nominative singular navie, nominative plural navies)

navie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
navies (oblique plural)
navie (nominative singular)
navies (nominative plural)

English: navy (through Anglo-Norman)

From Latin nāvigia < nāvigium (whence a related masculine Old French navoi), from Latin nāvigō, nāvis (“boat”).

enemy de Valoys si avoit arraiez un grant armee de navie q’estoit devant nous en l’eawe de Zwyne


proiere

proiere oblique singular, f (oblique plural proieres, nominative singular proiere, nominative plural proieres)

proiere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
proieres (oblique plural)
proiere (nominative singular)
proieres (nominative plural)


garnement

garnement oblique singular, m (oblique plural garnemenz or garnementz, nominative singular garnemenz or garnementz, nominative plural garnement)

garnement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
garnemenz (oblique plural)
garnementz (oblique plural)
garnemenz (nominative singular)
garnementz (nominative singular)
garnement (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: garnement
French: garnement

→ Middle English: garnement, garement, garlement, garment, garnament, garnemente, garnyment, germent, granement
English: garment
Scots: garment

Dinas the valiant, who was a baron,

13ᵗʰ Century, Béroul, Tristan Dinas le preuz, qui tant fu ber, Li aporta un garnement Qui bien valoit cent mars d'argent[.]

Brought to him a garment
Worth at least one hundred marks of silver.


umanité

fro-noun

umanité oblique singular, f (oblique plural umanitez, nominative singular umanité, nominative plural umanitez)

umanité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
umanitez (oblique plural)
umanité (nominative singular)
umanitez (nominative plural)

→ English: humanity

French: humanité

Dame, par Dieu, qui en pucele
Prist por le pueple umanité

Dear lady, by God, who by a virgin
Took for humanity


mesfait

mesfait oblique singular, m (oblique plural mesfaiz or mesfaitz, nominative singular mesfaiz or mesfaitz, nominative plural mesfait)

mesfait oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mesfaiz (oblique plural)
mesfaitz (oblique plural)
mesfaiz (nominative singular)
mesfaitz (nominative singular)
mesfait (nominative plural)

Dex lor pardone lor mesfait.


plesir

plesir oblique singular, m (oblique plural plesirs, nominative singular plesirs, nominative plural plesir)

plesir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plesirs (oblique plural)
plesirs (nominative singular)
plesir (nominative plural)

D'estre a ma chambre a son plesir


doutance

doutance oblique singular, f (oblique plural doutances, nominative singular doutance, nominative plural doutances)

doutance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
doutances (oblique plural)
doutance (nominative singular)
doutances (nominative plural)

→ English: doubtance (obsolete)

French: doutance (obsolete)

Ce sachiez, sire, sanz doutance


pechié

pechié oblique singular, m (oblique plural pechiez, nominative singular pechiez, nominative plural pechié)

pechié oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pechiez (oblique plural)
pechiez (nominative singular)
pechié (nominative plural)

Dex! quel pechié!


chasteaus

inflection of chastel:
nominative singular


consel

consel oblique singular, m (oblique plural conseaus or conseax or consiaus or consiax or consels, nominative singular conseaus or conseax or consiaus or consiax or consels, nominative plural consel)

consel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
conseaus (oblique plural)
conseax (oblique plural)
consiaus (oblique plural)
consiax (oblique plural)
consels (oblique plural)
conseaus (nominative singular)
conseax (nominative singular)
consiaus (nominative singular)
consiax (nominative singular)
consels (nominative singular)
consel (nominative plural)


roïne

roïne oblique singular, f (oblique plural roïnes, nominative singular roïne, nominative plural roïnes)

roïne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
roïnes (oblique plural)
roïne (nominative singular)
roïnes (nominative plural)

roine

diaereses are not universally used in scholarly transcriptions of Old French


pecheor

pecheor oblique singular, m (oblique plural pecheors, nominative singular pechiere, nominative plural pecheor)

pecheor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pecheors (oblique plural)
pechiere (nominative singular)
pecheor (nominative plural)

French: pécheur

From Latin peccātōrem. By surface analysis, pechier + -eor.


iglise

iglise oblique singular, f (oblique plural iglises, nominative singular iglise, nominative plural iglises)

iglise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
iglises (oblique plural)
iglise (nominative singular)
iglises (nominative plural)


anor

anor oblique singular, m (oblique plural anors, nominative singular anors, nominative plural anor)

anor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
anors (oblique plural)
anors (nominative singular)
anor (nominative plural)


faloise

faloise oblique singular, f (oblique plural faloises, nominative singular faloise, nominative plural faloises)

faloise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
faloises (oblique plural)
faloise (nominative singular)
faloises (nominative plural)

French: falaise

Of Germanic origin, from Frankish *falis.

Outre n'out rien fors la faloise.

Other than than, there was nothing apart from the cliff.


meneor

meneor oblique singular, m (oblique plural meneors, nominative singular menere, nominative plural meneor)

meneor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
meneors (oblique plural)
menere (nominative singular)
meneor (nominative plural)

French: meneur

Tristran ses meneors apele

leader (person that guides, such as guiding animals)


chapele

chapele oblique singular, f (oblique plural chapeles, nominative singular chapele, nominative plural chapeles)

chapele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chapeles (oblique plural)
chapele (nominative singular)
chapeles (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: chaipâle

desctree

Middle French: chapelle
French: chapelle
Antillean Creole: chapèl
→ Turkish: şapel

Norman: chapele

→ Middle English: chapele, chapel, chapell, chapelle, chapul, chapylle, schapell
English: chapel
→ Japanese: チャペル (chaperu)
→ Korean: 채플 (chaepeul)
Scots: chapel
Yola: chapaal

→ Middle Irish: seipél

Irish: séipéal

Une chapele est sor un mont


rochier

fro-noun

rochier oblique singular, m (oblique plural rochiers, nominative singular rochiers, nominative plural rochier)

rochier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rochiers (oblique plural)
rochiers (nominative singular)
rochier (nominative plural)

French: rocher

From Vulgar Latin *rupea, from Latin rupes.


vuel

vuel oblique singular, m (oblique plural vueus or vuex or vuels, nominative singular vueus or vuex or vuels, nominative plural vuel)

vuel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vueus (oblique plural)
vuex (oblique plural)
vuels (oblique plural)
vueus (nominative singular)
vuex (nominative singular)
vuels (nominative singular)
vuel (nominative plural)

French: vœu


penitance

penitance oblique singular, f (oblique plural penitances, nominative singular penitance, nominative plural penitances)

penitance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
penitances (oblique plural)
penitance (nominative singular)
penitances (nominative plural)


buison

buison oblique singular, m (oblique plural buisons, nominative singular buisons, nominative plural buison)

buison oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
buisons (oblique plural)
buisons (nominative singular)
buison (nominative plural)

Champenois: bouchon

French: buisson


boschage

boschage oblique singular, m (oblique plural boschages, nominative singular boschages, nominative plural boschage)

boschage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
boschages (oblique plural)
boschages (nominative singular)
boschage (nominative plural)

desc

Middle French: boscage, boscaige, boucaige

French: boscage

→ Medieval Latin: boscagium, buscagium

→ Middle Dutch: [Term?]

Dutch: bosschage

→ Middle English: boskage

English: boscage

→ Middle Low German: buschkasche

→ Danish: buskads

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: buskas

Norwegian Nynorsk: buskas

→ Swedish: buskage

Longuement sont en cel boschage.


mie nuit

Middle French: mynuyt

French: minuit


embuschement

fro-noun

embuschement oblique singular, m (oblique plural embuschemenz or embuschementz, nominative singular embuschemenz or embuschementz, nominative plural embuschement)

embuschement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
embuschemenz (oblique plural)
embuschementz (oblique plural)
embuschemenz (nominative singular)
embuschementz (nominative singular)
embuschement (nominative plural)

Tot droit vont vers l'embuschement.

They are going directly towards the ambush.


chevrel

chevrel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chevreaus or chevreax or chevriaus or chevriax or chevrels, nominative singular chevreaus or chevreax or chevriaus or chevriax or chevrels, nominative plural chevrel)

chevrel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chevreaus (oblique plural)
chevreax (oblique plural)
chevriaus (oblique plural)
chevriax (oblique plural)
chevrels (oblique plural)
chevreaus (nominative singular)
chevreax (nominative singular)
chevriaus (nominative singular)
chevriax (nominative singular)
chevrels (nominative singular)
chevrel (nominative plural)

French: chevreau

chievre + -el, or possibly from Latin capellus and influenced by chievre.


moingne

moingne oblique singular, m (oblique plural moingnes, nominative singular moingnes, nominative plural moingne)

moingne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
moingnes (oblique plural)
moingnes (nominative singular)
moingne (nominative plural)


escuier

escuier oblique singular, m (oblique plural escuiers, nominative singular escuiers, nominative plural escuier)

escuier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escuiers (oblique plural)
escuiers (nominative singular)
escuier (nominative plural)

→ English: esquire, squire, equerry

Middle French: escuyer, escuier

French: écuyer

From Late Latin scūtārius, from Latin scūtum.

Li rois apele un escuier.


disner

disner oblique singular, m (oblique plural disners, nominative singular disners, nominative plural disner)

disner oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
disners (oblique plural)
disners (nominative singular)
disner (nominative plural)

Middle French: disner
French: dîner

desctree

→ Middle English: dyner, dener, deynere, dinare, diner, dinere, dynare, dynere, dynier, dynnar, dynner
English: dinner (see there for further descendants)
Scots: denner
Yola: dineare, deneare

→ Middle Irish: dinér, dinnér

Irish: dinnéar, dínnéar

From Vulgar Latin *disiūnō, *disiūnāre, from disieiūnāre, disjejūnāre (“to break the fast”), from dis- + Late Latin iēiūnō, iēiūnāre (“to fast”), from Latin ieiūnus.

S'en vint un jor, aprés disner


dain

fro-noun

dain oblique singular, m (oblique plural dainz, nominative singular dainz, nominative plural dain)

dain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dainz (oblique plural)
dainz (nominative singular)
dain (nominative plural)

French: daim

From Late Latin dāmus, from Latin damma (“deer, antelope”).


desonor

desonor oblique singular, m (oblique plural desonors, nominative singular desonors, nominative plural desonor)

desonor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
desonors (oblique plural)
desonors (nominative singular)
desonor (nominative plural)


barnage

barnage oblique singular, m (oblique plural barnages, nominative singular barnages, nominative plural barnage)

barnage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
barnages (oblique plural)
barnages (nominative singular)
barnage (nominative plural)


gemissement

gemissement oblique singular, m (oblique plural gemissemenz or gemissementz, nominative singular gemissemenz or gemissementz, nominative plural gemissement)

gemissement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gemissemenz (oblique plural)
gemissementz (oblique plural)
gemissemenz (nominative singular)
gemissementz (nominative singular)
gemissement (nominative plural)

French: gémissement


maisniee

maisniee oblique singular, f (oblique plural maisniees, nominative singular maisniee, nominative plural maisniees)

maisniee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
maisniees (oblique plural)
maisniee (nominative singular)
maisniees (nominative plural)

From a Vulgar Latin mansionata, from Latin mansiōnem.


jovente

jovente oblique singular, f (oblique plural joventes, nominative singular jovente, nominative plural joventes)

jovente oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
joventes (oblique plural)
jovente (nominative singular)
joventes (nominative plural)

From Latin iuventa, juventa, from iuventus.

Trop a mal trait en sa jovente.


meschief

meschief oblique singular, m (oblique plural meschiés, nominative singular meschiés, nominative plural meschief)

meschief oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
meschiés (oblique plural)
meschiés (nominative singular)
meschief (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: meschief

English: mischief

Middle French: meschief


druerie

druerie oblique singular, f (oblique plural drueries, nominative singular druerie, nominative plural drueries)

druerie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
drueries (oblique plural)
druerie (nominative singular)
drueries (nominative plural)

→ English: drury

dru (“thick, strong, loyal, lover”) + -erie (feminine noun-deriving suffix).

suffix

dame fet il jeo meurc pur vus / mis quers en est mult anguissus / se vus ne me volez guarir / dunc m'estuet il en fin murir / jo vus requier de druerie / bele ne m'escundites mie

c. 1180, Marie de France, “Guigemar”, in Lais of Marie de France:

"Lady," he said, "I die for your sake / My heart is in much anguish for you / If you do not wish to heal me / Then I must finally die / I ask from you love / Fair lady, do not deny me."


esprevier

fro-noun

esprevier oblique singular, m (oblique plural espreviers, nominative singular espreviers, nominative plural esprevier)

esprevier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espreviers (oblique plural)
espreviers (nominative singular)
esprevier (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: esprevier
French: épervier

→ Middle English: sperver, sparver, sparvour, spavore, spervere, sprever, sprevere
English: sparver (obsolete)

From Old Dutch *sparwari (“sparrowhawk”), from Frankish *sparwarī (“sparrowhawk”).


governement

fro-noun

governement oblique singular, m (oblique plural governemenz or governementz, nominative singular governemenz or governementz, nominative plural governement)

governement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
governemenz (oblique plural)
governementz (oblique plural)
governemenz (nominative singular)
governementz (nominative singular)
governement (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: governement, governament, goverment
English: government
Scots: government
Yola: goveremente


marsdi

fro-noun

marsdi oblique singular, m (oblique plural marsdis, nominative singular marsdis, nominative plural marsdi)

marsdi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
marsdis (oblique plural)
marsdis (nominative singular)
marsdi (nominative plural)


boteille

boteille oblique singular, f (oblique plural boteilles, nominative singular boteille, nominative plural boteilles)

boteille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
boteilles (oblique plural)
boteille (nominative singular)
boteilles (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: bôtoille

Champenois: boutoille

French: bouteille (see there for further descendants)

Norman: boutelle

Walloon: botaye

→ British Isles:

→ Breton: boutailh

→ Cornish: boutailh

→ Middle English: botel

English: bottle (see there for further descendants)

→ Welsh: potel

→ Middle Irish: buidél

Irish: buidéal

Manx: boteil

→ Italy:

Corsican: buttiglia

Dalmatian: botaila

Italian: bottiglia

Sicilian: buttigghia

Venetian: botìłia


chaucier

chaucier oblique singular, m (oblique plural chauciers, nominative singular chauciers, nominative plural chaucier)

chauciers (oblique plural)
chauciers (nominative singular)
chaucier (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: Chaucer, Chaucere, Chauser, Chawcer
English: Chaucer
→ Armenian: Չոսեր (Čʻoser)
→ Japanese: チョーサー (Chōsā)
→ Mandarin: 喬叟／乔叟 (Qiáosǒu)
→ Russian: Чо́сер (Čóser)
Scots: Chaucer

French: chaussier

From chauce (“hose”) + -ier (“-er, maker”).

hosier (one who makes and sells hosiery)


saintuaire

fro-noun

saintuaire oblique singular, m (oblique plural saintuaires, nominative singular saintuaires, nominative plural saintuaire)

saintuaire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
saintuaires (oblique plural)
saintuaires (nominative singular)
saintuaire (nominative plural)

→ English: sanctuary

French: sanctuaire


jouel

jouel oblique singular, m (oblique plural joueus, nominative singular joueus, nominative plural jouel)

jouel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
joueus (oblique plural)
joueus (nominative singular)
jouel (nominative plural)

French: joyau

→ Danish: juvel

→ Galician: xoel

→ Italian: gioiello

→ Middle English: juel

English: jewel

→ Norwegian: juvel

→ Spanish: joyel

→ Portuguese: joia

From Vulgar Latin *jocale (“graceful object”) from Latin iocus (“game; playing; joke”).

uder

Avec li, un gent jouel
Agnes sa fille
With him, a beautiful treasure
Agnes, his daughter

(figuratively) treasure; an object or person of beauty


herpeor

fro-noun

herpeor oblique singular, m (oblique plural herpeors, nominative singular herpere, nominative plural herpeor)

herpeor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
herpeors (oblique plural)
herpere (nominative singular)
herpeor (nominative plural)


cief

cief oblique singular, m (oblique plural ciés, nominative singular ciés, nominative plural cief)

cief oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ciés (oblique plural)
ciés (nominative singular)
cief (nominative plural)


sousterin

sousterin oblique singular, m (oblique plural sousterins, nominative singular sousterins, nominative plural sousterin)

sousterin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sousterins (oblique plural)
sousterins (nominative singular)
sousterin (nominative plural)

French: souterrain

underground (somewhere that is under the ground)


ganbete

ganbete oblique singular, f (oblique plural ganbetes, nominative singular ganbete, nominative plural ganbetes)

ganbete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ganbetes (oblique plural)
ganbete (nominative singular)
ganbetes (nominative plural)


celier

celier oblique singular, m (oblique plural celiers, nominative singular celiers, nominative plural celier)

celier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
celiers (oblique plural)
celiers (nominative singular)
celier (nominative plural)

French: cellier

Norman: ch'lyi (Jersey)

→ Italian: celliere (archaic)

→ Middle English: celer, seler

English: cellar

From Late Latin cellārium (“pantry”), from Latin cella.

Por vos sui en prison mis
dans ce celier sousterin

c. 1200, author unknown, Aucassin et Nicolette:

For you, I have been put in this prison
in this underground cellar

se vos n'aveiz vermeil, preneiz de la bele yaue clere: car teiz a un puis devant son huix qui n'a pas .I. tonel de vin en son celier.

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci coumence li diz de l'erberie:

If you don't have red [wine], take some beautiful clear water: For any person that doesn't have a barrel of wine in their cellar has a well in front of their door.


buef

buef oblique singular, m (oblique plural bués, nominative singular bués, nominative plural buef)

buef oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bués (oblique plural)
bués (nominative singular)
buef (nominative plural)

Middle French: bœuf

French: bœuf

desctree

→ Middle English: bef, beef, bouf, beof, buf, boef, bief, beffe, befe
English: beef (see there for further descendants)
Scots: beef

From Latin bovem. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese boi and Old Spanish buey.


cemise

fro-noun

cemise oblique singular, f (oblique plural cemises, nominative singular cemise, nominative plural cemises)

cemise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cemises (oblique plural)
cemise (nominative singular)
cemises (nominative plural)


ameor

ameor oblique singular, m (oblique plural ameors, nominative singular amere, nominative plural ameor)

ameor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ameors (oblique plural)
amere (nominative singular)
ameor (nominative plural)


merceant

merceant oblique singular, m (oblique plural merceanz or merceantz, nominative singular merceanz or merceantz, nominative plural merceant)

merceant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
merceanz (oblique plural)
merceantz (oblique plural)
merceanz (nominative singular)
merceantz (nominative singular)
merceant (nominative plural)

→ English: merchant

French: marchand


fluet

fluet oblique singular, m (oblique plural fluez or fluetz, nominative singular fluez or fluetz, nominative plural fluet)

fluet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fluez (oblique plural)
fluetz (oblique plural)
fluez (nominative singular)
fluetz (nominative singular)
fluet (nominative plural)


buissun

buissun oblique singular, m (oblique plural buissuns, nominative singular buissuns, nominative plural buissun)

buissun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
buissuns (oblique plural)
buissuns (nominative singular)
buissun (nominative plural)

From a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“woods, forest”).


letre

fro-noun

letre oblique singular, f (oblique plural letres, nominative singular letre, nominative plural letres)

letre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
letres (oblique plural)
letre (nominative singular)
letres (nominative plural)

French: lettre

desctree

→ Middle English: lettre, leattre, letter, lettyr
English: letter

→ Middle Dutch: lettere
Dutch: letter
Afrikaans: letter
Negerhollands: letter
→ Caribbean Javanese: lèter
→ Indonesian: leter
→ Japanese: レッテル (retteru)
→ Papiamentu: lèter, lèterchi, letter
→ Saramaccan: letè
Limburgish: lètter


escriture

fro-noun

escriture oblique singular, f (oblique plural escritures, nominative singular escriture, nominative plural escritures)

escriture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
escritures (oblique plural)
escriture (nominative singular)
escritures (nominative plural)

French: écriture

Norman: êcrituthe


reialme

reialme oblique singular, m (oblique plural reialmes, nominative singular reialmes, nominative plural reialme)

reialme oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
reialmes (oblique plural)
reialmes (nominative singular)
reialme (nominative plural)

→ English: realm

French: royaume

From reial (“royal”), although the -me ending is unexplained. Perhaps influenced by a derivative of Latin regimen; cf. the form reaume. A Vulgar Latin *regalimen has been postulated. More likely an alteration of the form reiame, reaume with influence from reial.


amur

amur oblique singular, m (oblique plural amurs, nominative singular amurs, nominative plural amur)

amur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
amurs (oblique plural)
amurs (nominative singular)
amur (nominative plural)


destinee

destinee oblique singular, f (oblique plural destinees, nominative singular destinee, nominative plural destinees)

destinee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
destinees (oblique plural)
destinee (nominative singular)
destinees (nominative plural)

→ English: destiny

French: destinée


guarisun

guarisun oblique singular, f (oblique plural guarisuns, nominative singular guarisun, nominative plural guarisuns)

guarisun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guarisuns (oblique plural)
guarisun (nominative singular)
guarisuns (nominative plural)

→ English: garrison

Ne pas mire ne pas poisun
N'avras tu ja mes guarisun.

Neither by medecine nor by potion
Will you ever find a remedy.

treatment; remedy (for an ailment, etc.)


poisun

poisun oblique singular, f (oblique plural poisuns, nominative singular poisun, nominative plural poisuns)

poisun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
poisuns (oblique plural)
poisun (nominative singular)
poisuns (nominative plural)


dungun

dungun oblique singular, m (oblique plural dunguns, nominative singular dunguns, nominative plural dungun)

dungun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dunguns (oblique plural)
dunguns (nominative singular)
dungun (nominative plural)


chierté

chierté oblique singular, f (oblique plural chiertez, nominative singular chierté, nominative plural chiertez)

chierté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chiertez (oblique plural)
chierté (nominative singular)
chiertez (nominative plural)

From Latin cāritas (corresponding to chier + -té).


desmesure

desmesure oblique singular, f (oblique plural desmesures, nominative singular desmesure, nominative plural desmesures)

desmesure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
desmesures (oblique plural)
desmesure (nominative singular)
desmesures (nominative plural)

French: démesure


faleise

faleise oblique singular, f (oblique plural faleises, nominative singular faleise, nominative plural faleises)

faleise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
faleises (oblique plural)
faleise (nominative singular)
faleises (nominative plural)


lecherie

lecherie oblique singular, f (oblique plural lecheries, nominative singular lecherie, nominative plural lecheries)

lecherie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lecheries (oblique plural)
lecherie (nominative singular)
lecheries (nominative plural)


cungié

cungié oblique singular, m (oblique plural cungiez, nominative singular cungiez, nominative plural cungié)

cungié oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cungiez (oblique plural)
cungiez (nominative singular)
cungié (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of congié


dulçur

dulçur oblique singular, f (oblique plural dulçurs, nominative singular dulçur, nominative plural dulçurs)

dulçur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dulçurs (oblique plural)
dulçur (nominative singular)
dulçurs (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of dolçor


preiere

preiere oblique singular, f (oblique plural preieres, nominative singular preiere, nominative plural preieres)

preiere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
preieres (oblique plural)
preiere (nominative singular)
preieres (nominative plural)

French: prière

Norman: préière, périère, priéthe

Walloon: priyîre

→ Friulian: preiere

→ Middle English: preiere

English: prayer

→ Occitan: preièra, prièra

→ Sicilian: prijera

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin precāria.


poeir

fro-noun

poeir oblique singular, m (oblique plural poeirs, nominative singular poeirs, nominative plural poeir)

poeir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
poeirs (oblique plural)
poeirs (nominative singular)
poeir (nominative plural)


vallet

vallet oblique singular, m (oblique plural vallez or valletz, nominative singular vallez or valletz, nominative plural vallet)

vallet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vallez (oblique plural)
valletz (oblique plural)
vallez (nominative singular)
valletz (nominative singular)
vallet (nominative plural)

Vallez, n'aies peor !

c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval ou le conte du Graal:


batel

batel oblique singular, m (oblique plural bateaus or bateax or batiaus or batiax or batels, nominative singular bateaus or bateax or batiaus or batiax or batels, nominative plural batel)

batel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bateaus (oblique plural)
bateax (oblique plural)
batiaus (oblique plural)
batiax (oblique plural)
batels (oblique plural)
bateaus (nominative singular)
bateax (nominative singular)
batiaus (nominative singular)
batiax (nominative singular)
batels (nominative singular)
batel (nominative plural)

Middle French: bateau

French: bateau

Haitian Creole: bato

English: bateau

→ Italian: battello

Norman: baté

→ Occitan: batèl, batèu

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: batel

Galician: batel

Portuguese: batel, bote

→ Spanish: batel, bote


ubliance

ubliance oblique singular, f (nominative singular ubliance)

ubliance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ubliance (nominative singular)

forgottenness (state of being forgotten)


noblesce

noblesce oblique singular, f (nominative singular noblesce)

noblesce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
noblesce (nominative singular)


chevel

chevel oblique singular, m (oblique plural cheveus, nominative singular cheveus, nominative plural chevel)

chevel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cheveus (oblique plural)
cheveus (nominative singular)
chevel (nominative plural)

Middle French: cheveu

French: cheveu

Norman: g'veu

Walloon: tchvea


anguisse

anguisse oblique singular, f (oblique plural anguisses, nominative singular anguisse, nominative plural anguisses)

anguisse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
anguisses (oblique plural)
anguisse (nominative singular)
anguisses (nominative plural)

m'est une anguisse el quer ferue, ki tut le cors me fet trembler

Such a pain has pierced my heart, that makes my whole body quiver


pruësce

pruësce oblique singular, f (nominative singular pruësce)

pruësce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pruësce (nominative singular)


leialté

leialté oblique singular, f (oblique plural leialtez, nominative singular leialté, nominative plural leialtez)

leialté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
leialtez (oblique plural)
leialté (nominative singular)
leialtez (nominative plural)


buisun

buisun oblique singular, m (oblique plural buisuns, nominative singular buisuns, nominative plural buisun)

buisun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
buisuns (oblique plural)
buisuns (nominative singular)
buisun (nominative plural)


cunfort

cunfort oblique singular, m (oblique plural cunforz or cunfortz, nominative singular cunforz or cunfortz, nominative plural cunfort)

cunfort oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cunforz (oblique plural)
cunfortz (oblique plural)
cunforz (nominative singular)
cunfortz (nominative singular)
cunfort (nominative plural)

→ English: comfort


poür

poür oblique singular, f (oblique plural poürs, nominative singular poür, nominative plural poürs)

poür oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
poürs (oblique plural)
poür (nominative singular)
poürs (nominative plural)


richesce

richesce oblique singular, f (oblique plural richesces, nominative singular richesce, nominative plural richesces)

richesce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
richesces (oblique plural)
richesce (nominative singular)
richesces (nominative plural)

French: richesse

Norman: richesse

desctree

→ Middle English: richesse, reches, ricchesse, richees, riches, richess, ruchesse, rychas, rycheis, ryches, rychesce, rychese, rychesse, ryhchesse, richeise, richeisse, richesce (Early Middle English)
English: riches (remodelled as a plural of rich); richesse
Scots: riches (remodelled as a plural of rich)
Yola: reeches (remodelled as a plural of reeche)


requeste

fro-noun

requeste oblique singular, f (oblique plural requestes, nominative singular requeste, nominative plural requestes)

requeste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
requestes (oblique plural)
requeste (nominative singular)
requestes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: requeste
French: requête
→ Middle Dutch: requeste
Dutch: rekest
→ Papiamentu: rekest (dated)

→ Middle English: request, requeste, reqweste, rekeyste
English: request
Scots: request


belté

fro-noun

belté oblique singular, f (oblique plural beltez, nominative singular belté, nominative plural beltez)

belté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
beltez (oblique plural)
belté (nominative singular)
beltez (nominative plural)


meis

meis oblique singular, m (oblique plural meis, nominative singular meis, nominative plural meis)

meis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
meis (oblique plural)
meis (nominative singular)
meis (nominative plural)

Un meis sanz vent nagerent tut plein

c. 1110, Benedeit, Le Voyage de saint Brandan:

They sailed for a whole month without wind

La paiz dura treis meis


aunte

aunte oblique singular, f (oblique plural auntes, nominative singular aunte, nominative plural auntes)

aunte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
auntes (oblique plural)
aunte (nominative singular)
auntes (nominative plural)


semeine

semeine oblique singular, f (oblique plural semeines, nominative singular semeine, nominative plural semeines)

semeine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
semeines (oblique plural)
semeine (nominative singular)
semeines (nominative plural)


feiz

feiz oblique singular, f (oblique plural feiz, nominative singular feiz, nominative plural feiz)

feiz oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
feiz (oblique plural)
feiz (nominative singular)
feiz (nominative plural)

Middle French: foys

French: fois