senefiance

senefiance oblique singular, f (oblique plural senefiances, nominative singular senefiance, nominative plural senefiances)

senefiance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
senefiances (oblique plural)
senefiance (nominative singular)
senefiances (nominative plural)

desctree

influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="frm">signe</i>

Middle French: signifiance, senefiance (rare) (influenced by signe)
French: signifiance (now literary or technical)

Gallo: sènefiance

Poitevin-Saintongeais: sanefionce

→ Middle English: signifiaunce, signefiance, signifiance, signifiauns, signifyaunce, signyfiaunce, sygnyfyaunce, syngnefiaunce, syngnefyaunce
English: signifiance (obsolete)
Middle Scots: signifiance

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin significantia (the inherited form would be *senechance, *senegiance, compare senechier); equivalent to senefier + -ance. Doublet of significance.


chartre

fro-noun

chartre oblique singular, f (oblique plural chartres, nominative singular chartre, nominative plural chartres)

chartre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chartres (oblique plural)
chartre (nominative singular)
chartres (nominative plural)

Middle French: chartre, charte

desctree

French: charte
→ Afar: shárti
→ Romanian: cartă

→ English: chart
→ Japanese: チャート (chāto)
→ Korean: 차트 (chateu)
→ Swahili: chati
→ Welsh: siart

→ Scots: chairt

Walloon: cwåte

→ Middle English: chartre, charter

English: charter (see there for further descendants)

Scots: chairter

From Latin chartula (for a similar phonetic development, see Old French epistre (Modern French épître), from Latin epistula), or from charta with an unetymological r. Ultimately from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs).


chartre

Middle French: chartre

French: chartre

From Latin carcer (“prison”), from Proto-Italic *karkros (“enclosure, barrier”).


orillier

fro-noun

orillier oblique singular, m (oblique plural orilliers, nominative singular orilliers, nominative plural orillier)

orillier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
orilliers (oblique plural)
orilliers (nominative singular)
orillier (nominative plural)

French: oreiller


progrés

progrés oblique singular, m (oblique plural progrés, nominative singular progrés, nominative plural progrés)

progrés oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
progrés (oblique plural)
progrés (nominative singular)
progrés (nominative plural)


plorement

plorement oblique singular, m (oblique plural ploremenz or plorementz, nominative singular ploremenz or plorementz, nominative plural plorement)

plorement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ploremenz (oblique plural)
plorementz (oblique plural)
ploremenz (nominative singular)
plorementz (nominative singular)
plorement (nominative plural)

crying; weeping (action of producing tears)


longor

longor oblique singular, m (oblique plural longors, nominative singular longors, nominative plural longor)

longor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
longors (oblique plural)
longors (nominative singular)
longor (nominative plural)


grandor

grandor oblique singular, f (oblique plural grandors, nominative singular grandor, nominative plural grandors)

grandor oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
grandors (oblique plural)
grandor (nominative singular)
grandors (nominative plural)


paien

paien oblique singular, m (oblique plural paiens, nominative singular paiens, nominative plural paien)

paien oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
paiens (oblique plural)
paiens (nominative singular)
paien (nominative plural)
paiens (masculine singular subjective)
paiene (feminine singular subjective)
paien (masculine oblique singular)
paiene (feminine oblique singular)
paien (masculine plural subjective)
paienes (feminine plural subjective)
paiens (masculine oblique plural)
paienes (feminine oblique plural)

French: païen


fableor

fableor oblique singular, m (oblique plural fableors, nominative singular fablere, nominative plural fableor)

fableor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fableors (oblique plural)
fablere (nominative singular)
fableor (nominative plural)


conteor

conteor oblique singular, m (oblique plural conteors, nominative singular contere, nominative plural conteor)

conteor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
conteors (oblique plural)
contere (nominative singular)
conteor (nominative plural)

French: conteur

desctree

conflated with Middle French <i class="Latn mention" lang="frm">comptoir</i>

→ Middle English: countour, chountre, compter, comptour, countere, countur, counture, cownter, cowntere, countir, cowntour, cowntowre (conflated with Middle French comptoir)
English: counter, compter
Scots: counter, coonter


puiçance

fro-noun

puiçance oblique singular, f (oblique plural puiçances, nominative singular puiçance, nominative plural puiçances)

puiçance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
puiçances (oblique plural)
puiçance (nominative singular)
puiçances (nominative plural)


paillerez

paillerez oblique singular, m (oblique plural paillerez, nominative singular paillerez, nominative plural paillerez)

paillerez oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
paillerez (oblique plural)
paillerez (nominative singular)
paillerez (nominative plural)

From Late Latin paleāricius ("straw", relational adj.), from Latin palea. By surface analysis, paille + -erez.


hasart

fro-noun

hasart oblique singular, m (oblique plural hasarz or hasartz, nominative singular hasarz or hasartz, nominative plural hasart)

hasart oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hasarz (oblique plural)
hasartz (oblique plural)
hasarz (nominative singular)
hasartz (nominative singular)
hasart (nominative plural)

French: hasard

→ English: hazard

From Arabic اَلزَّهْر (az-zahr, “the dice”).

Auquant demandent dez et tables :
Tex i a joent a hasart

Some asked for dice and tables
They played hazard


eschas

Vulgar Latin *scaccus, from Arabic شَاه (šāh, “king in chess”), from Persian شاه (šâh, “shah, king”).

As eschas joent li plusor


guisarme

guisarme oblique singular, f (oblique plural guisarmes, nominative singular guisarme, nominative plural guisarmes)

guisarme oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guisarmes (oblique plural)
guisarme (nominative singular)
guisarmes (nominative plural)

Middle French: guisarme

French: guisarme

→ English: gisarme

→ Italian: giusarma, gisarma, guisarma

→ Galician: bisarma


castelet

castelet oblique singular, m (oblique plural castelés, nominative singular castelés, nominative plural castelet)

castelet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
castelés (oblique plural)
castelés (nominative singular)
castelet (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French) Alternative form of chastelet (“a small castle”)


coreor

coreor oblique singular, m (oblique plural coreors, nominative singular corere, nominative plural coreor)

coreor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
coreors (oblique plural)
corere (nominative singular)
coreor (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: courour

English: courier

French: coureur


cunestable

cunestable oblique singular, m (oblique plural cunestables, nominative singular cunestables, nominative plural cunestable)

cunestable oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cunestables (oblique plural)
cunestables (nominative singular)
cunestable (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of conestable


conestable

conestable oblique singular, m (oblique plural conestables, nominative singular conestables, nominative plural conestable)

conestable oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
conestables (oblique plural)
conestables (nominative singular)
conestable (nominative plural)

→ Armenian: գունդստաբլ (gundstabl)

desctree

→ Middle English: constable, conestable, connestabil, connestable, constabil, cunstable, cunestable (Early Middle English)
English: constable
Scots: constable

French: connétable
→ Dutch: connétable
→ English: connétable (learned)

desc

κοντόσταβλος

→ Byzantine Greek: κοντόσταβλος (kontóstablos)

κοντόσταβλος

Greek: κοντόσταβλος (kontóstavlos)

→ Irish: constábla

→ Italian: conestabile

Norman: counnétablle, connêtabl'ye

→ Portuguese: condestável

Univerbation of Late Latin comes stabulī.


vilanie

fro-noun

vilanie oblique singular, f (oblique plural vilanies, nominative singular vilanie, nominative plural vilanies)

vilanie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vilanies (oblique plural)
vilanie (nominative singular)
vilanies (nominative plural)


valiaunce

valiaunce oblique singular, f (oblique plural valiaunces, nominative singular valiaunce, nominative plural valiaunces)

valiaunce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
valiaunces (oblique plural)
valiaunce (nominative singular)
valiaunces (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of vaillance


pagene

pagene oblique singular, f (oblique plural pagenes, nominative singular pagene, nominative plural pagenes)

pagene oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pagenes (oblique plural)
pagene (nominative singular)
pagenes (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin pagina. Doublet with page.

page (one side of a sheet of paper or of a similar material)


destruision

destruision oblique singular, f (oblique plural destruisions, nominative singular destruision, nominative plural destruisions)

destruision oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
destruisions (oblique plural)
destruision (nominative singular)
destruisions (nominative plural)


Aufrican

Aufrican oblique singular, m (oblique plural Aufricans, nominative singular Aufricans, nominative plural Aufrican)

Aufrican oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Aufricans (oblique plural)
Aufricans (nominative singular)
Aufrican (nominative plural)


subjesion

subjesion oblique singular, f (oblique plural subjesions, nominative singular subjesion, nominative plural subjesions)

subjesion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
subjesions (oblique plural)
subjesion (nominative singular)
subjesions (nominative plural)

subjection (quality or state of being a subject)


cardonal

cardonal oblique singular, m (oblique plural cardonaus or cardonax or cardonals, nominative singular cardonaus or cardonax or cardonals, nominative plural cardonal)

cardonal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cardonaus (oblique plural)
cardonax (oblique plural)
cardonals (oblique plural)
cardonaus (nominative singular)
cardonax (nominative singular)
cardonals (nominative singular)
cardonal (nominative plural)

From Latin cardinālis, from cardō + -ālis.


enferté

enferté oblique singular, f (oblique plural enfertez, nominative singular enferté, nominative plural enfertez)

enferté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
enfertez (oblique plural)
enferté (nominative singular)
enfertez (nominative plural)


hoben

hoben oblique singular, m (oblique plural hobens, nominative singular hobens, nominative plural hoben)

hoben oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hobens (oblique plural)
hobens (nominative singular)
hoben (nominative plural)

French: hauban


sause

sause oblique singular, f (oblique plural sauses, nominative singular sause, nominative plural sauses)

sause oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sauses (oblique plural)
sause (nominative singular)
sauses (nominative plural)

French: sauce

desctree

→ Middle English: sauce, sause, sawce, sawse, salse, saus, saws
English: sauce
Scots: sauce

From Vulgar Latin *salsa, noun use of the feminine of Latin salsus (“salted”), from saliō.


heraud

fro-noun

heraud oblique singular, m (oblique plural herauz or herautz, nominative singular herauz or herautz, nominative plural heraud)

heraud oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
herauz (oblique plural)
herautz (oblique plural)
herauz (nominative singular)
herautz (nominative singular)
heraud (nominative plural)


emperice

emperice oblique singular, f (oblique plural emperices, nominative singular emperice, nominative plural emperices)

emperice oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
emperices (oblique plural)
emperice (nominative singular)
emperices (nominative plural)


luxurie

luxurie oblique singular, f (oblique plural luxuries, nominative singular luxurie, nominative plural luxuries)

luxurie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
luxuries (oblique plural)
luxurie (nominative singular)
luxuries (nominative plural)


pomel

pomel oblique singular, m (oblique plural pomeaus or pomeax or pomiaus or pomiax or pomels, nominative singular pomeaus or pomeax or pomiaus or pomiax or pomels, nominative plural pomel)

pomel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pomeaus (oblique plural)
pomeax (oblique plural)
pomiaus (oblique plural)
pomiax (oblique plural)
pomels (oblique plural)
pomeaus (nominative singular)
pomeax (nominative singular)
pomiaus (nominative singular)
pomiax (nominative singular)
pomels (nominative singular)
pomel (nominative plural)

→ English: pommel

French: pommeau

decorate sphere on the end of a sword, a staff, etc.


licour

licour oblique singular, f (oblique plural licours, nominative singular licour, nominative plural licours)

licour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
licours (oblique plural)
licour (nominative singular)
licours (nominative plural)

French: liqueur

→ English: liqueur

→ Middle English: licour

English: liquor

From Latin liquor (“fluidity; a liquid”).


iror

iror oblique singular, f (oblique plural irors, nominative singular iror, nominative plural irors)

iror oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
irors (oblique plural)
iror (nominative singular)
irors (nominative plural)

Apparently from Latin īra suffixed with -or, which, in this case, does not change the meaning.


adamaunt

adamaunt oblique singular, ? (oblique plural adamaunz or adamauntz, nominative singular adamaunt, nominative plural adamaunz or adamauntz)

adamaunt oblique singular (canonical)
adamaunz (oblique plural)
adamauntz (oblique plural)
adamaunt (nominative singular)
adamaunz (nominative plural)
adamauntz (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of adamant


tenaunt

tenaunt oblique singular, m (oblique plural tenaunz or tenauntz, nominative singular tenaunz or tenauntz, nominative plural tenaunt)

tenaunt oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tenaunz (oblique plural)
tenauntz (oblique plural)
tenaunz (nominative singular)
tenauntz (nominative singular)
tenaunt (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of tenant


werre

werre oblique singular, f (oblique plural werres, nominative singular werre, nominative plural werres)

werre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
werres (oblique plural)
werre (nominative singular)
werres (nominative plural)

(Old Northern French) Alternative form of guerre


engignier

engignier oblique singular, m (oblique plural engigniers, nominative singular engigniers, nominative plural engignier)

engignier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
engigniers (oblique plural)
engigniers (nominative singular)
engignier (nominative plural)

From Late Latin and Vulgar Latin ingannāre, present active infinitive of ingannō, from Latin ganniō.


creatour

creatour oblique singular, m (oblique plural creatours, nominative singular creatours, nominative plural creatour)

creatour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
creatours (oblique plural)
creatours (nominative singular)
creatour (nominative plural)


vengeaunce

vengeaunce oblique singular, f (oblique plural vengeaunces, nominative singular vengeaunce, nominative plural vengeaunces)

vengeaunce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vengeaunces (oblique plural)
vengeaunce (nominative singular)
vengeaunces (nominative plural)


arestaige

arestaige oblique singular, m (oblique plural arestaiges, nominative singular arestaiges, nominative plural arestaige)

arestaige oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
arestaiges (oblique plural)
arestaiges (nominative singular)
arestaige (nominative plural)


aigue

aigue oblique singular, f (oblique plural aigues, nominative singular aigue, nominative plural aigues)

aigue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
aigues (oblique plural)
aigue (nominative singular)
aigues (nominative plural)

French: aigue-marine


effant

effant oblique singular, m (oblique plural effanz, nominative singular effes, nominative plural enfant)

effant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
effanz (oblique plural)
effes (nominative singular)
enfant (nominative plural)


barnaige

barnaige oblique singular, m (oblique plural barnaiges, nominative singular barnaiges, nominative plural barnaige)

barnaige oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
barnaiges (oblique plural)
barnaiges (nominative singular)
barnaige (nominative plural)


folaige

folaige oblique singular, m (oblique plural folaiges, nominative singular folaiges, nominative plural folaige)

folaige oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
folaiges (oblique plural)
folaiges (nominative singular)
folaige (nominative plural)


Mancel

Mancel oblique singular, m (oblique plural Manceaus or Manceax or Manciaus or Manciax or Mancels, nominative singular Manceaus or Manceax or Manciaus or Manciax or Mancels, nominative plural Mancel)

Mancel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Manceaus (oblique plural)
Manceax (oblique plural)
Manciaus (oblique plural)
Manciax (oblique plural)
Mancels (oblique plural)
Manceaus (nominative singular)
Manceax (nominative singular)
Manciaus (nominative singular)
Manciax (nominative singular)
Mancels (nominative singular)
Mancel (nominative plural)
Mancels (masculine singular subjective)
Manceus (masculine singular subjective)
Manciax (masculine singular subjective)
Manciaus (masculine singular subjective)
Mancele (feminine singular subjective)
Mancel (masculine oblique singular)
Mancele (feminine oblique singular)
Mancel (masculine plural subjective)
Manceles (feminine plural subjective)
Mancels (masculine oblique plural)
Manceus (masculine oblique plural)
Manciax (masculine oblique plural)
Manciaus (masculine oblique plural)
Manceles (feminine oblique plural)


onnor

onnor oblique singular, m (oblique plural onnors, nominative singular onnors, nominative plural onnor)

onnor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
onnors (oblique plural)
onnors (nominative singular)
onnor (nominative plural)


empereor

empereor oblique singular, m (oblique plural empereors, nominative singular emperere, nominative plural empereor)

empereor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
empereors (oblique plural)
emperere (nominative singular)
empereor (nominative plural)

Angevin: emperour

Bourguignon: emperor

desctree

Middle French: empereur
French: empereur

Norman: empéreu (Jersey)

→ Middle English: emperour
English: emperor
Scots: emperor

Picard: impreur

Walloon: impreur

/empəɾəˈðoːɾ/

From Latin imperātōrem. Attested since the eleventh century. Synchronically derivable from emperer + -eor.

amperedor

emperador, emperaor, emperedor, emperedur, empereeur, empereoir, empereour, empereur, emperour, emperur, empreur, empriour

amperere

emperaire, empereire, emperere, empereres, emperes, emperier, emperiere, emperieres (original nominative singular)


corus

fro-noun

corus oblique singular, m (oblique plural corus, nominative singular corus, nominative plural corus)

corus oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
corus (oblique plural)
corus (nominative singular)
corus (nominative plural)


windas

windas oblique singular, m (oblique plural windas, nominative singular windas, nominative plural windas)

windas oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
windas (oblique plural)
windas (nominative singular)
windas (nominative plural)

→ English: windlass


menbre

menbre oblique singular, m (oblique plural menbres, nominative singular menbres, nominative plural menbre)

menbre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
menbres (oblique plural)
menbres (nominative singular)
menbre (nominative plural)

English: member

Middle French: membre

French: membre


iretier

iretier oblique singular, m (oblique plural iretiers, nominative singular iretiers, nominative plural iretier)

iretier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
iretiers (oblique plural)
iretiers (nominative singular)
iretier (nominative plural)


virgene

virgene oblique singular, f (oblique plural virgenes, nominative singular virgene, nominative plural virgenes)

virgene oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
virgenes (oblique plural)
virgene (nominative singular)
virgenes (nominative plural)

From Latin virginem, accusative singular of virgō, possibly a borrowing.

virgin (one who has not had sexual intercourse)


eschés

Borrowed from Persian شاه (šâh), via Arabic.

inflection of eschec:
nominative singular


giu

giu oblique singular, m (oblique plural gius, nominative singular gius, nominative plural giu)

giu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gius (oblique plural)
gius (nominative singular)
giu (nominative plural)

French: jeu


giu

→ English: Jew

French: juif

From Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Hebrew יהודי (Yehudi).

Jew (one who is Jewish; an adherent of Judaism)


confanon

confanon oblique singular, m (oblique plural confanons, nominative singular confanons, nominative plural confanon)

confanon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
confanons (oblique plural)
confanons (nominative singular)
confanon (nominative plural)

Alternative form of gonfalon (“type of flag used in battle”)


fervence

fervence oblique singular, f (oblique plural fervences, nominative singular fervence, nominative plural fervences)

fervence oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fervences (oblique plural)
fervence (nominative singular)
fervences (nominative plural)

→ English: fervence


goie

goie oblique singular, f (oblique plural goies, nominative singular goie, nominative plural goies)

goie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
goies (oblique plural)
goie (nominative singular)
goies (nominative plural)

(Picardy, Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of joie (joy)


secorance

secorance oblique singular, f (oblique plural secorances, nominative singular secorance, nominative plural secorances)

secorance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
secorances (oblique plural)
secorance (nominative singular)
secorances (nominative plural)

secore + -ance, or from an unattested Latin *securantia.


droiturier

droiturier oblique singular, m (oblique plural droituriers, nominative singular droituriers, nominative plural droiturier)

droiturier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
droituriers (oblique plural)
droituriers (nominative singular)
droiturier (nominative plural)


branc

branc oblique singular, m (oblique plural brans, nominative singular brans, nominative plural branc)

branc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
brans (oblique plural)
brans (nominative singular)
branc (nominative plural)

Middle French: brand

French: brand (archaic)

⇒ Old French: brandeler

Middle French: bransler

French: branler

Walloon: branler

From Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand, flaming sword, sword”), from Frankish *brand (“firebrand, flaming sword”), from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“firebrand, torch, sword”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”). Cognate with Old High German brant (“fire, firebrand, burning iron”), Old English brand (“fire, flame, brand, torch, sword, weapon”), Old Norse brandr (“fire, firebrand, sword”). More at brand.

cog

En la cervele li fist le branc baignier.

12ᵗʰ Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:


viellart

fro-noun

viellart oblique singular, m (oblique plural viellarz or viellartz, nominative singular viellarz or viellartz, nominative plural viellart)

viellart oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
viellarz (oblique plural)
viellartz (oblique plural)
viellarz (nominative singular)
viellartz (nominative singular)
viellart (nominative plural)

French: vieillard


essil

essil oblique singular, m (oblique plural essiz or essilz, nominative singular essiz or essilz, nominative plural essil)

essil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
essiz (oblique plural)
essilz (oblique plural)
essiz (nominative singular)
essilz (nominative singular)
essil (nominative plural)

Middle French: exil

French: exil

Middle English: exil

English: exile

From Latin exsilium, likely semi-learned.

Or m'estuet aler an essil!

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:


ungle

ungle oblique singular, m (oblique plural ungles, nominative singular ungles, nominative plural ungle)

ungle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ungles (oblique plural)
ungles (nominative singular)
ungle (nominative plural)

Latin ungula. The change from feminine to masculine is unexplained.

Et de ce nous dirons plus au chapitre des maladies des ungles

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):

And of this, we will speak more in the chapter about diseases of the nails


grevance

grevance oblique singular, f (oblique plural grevances, nominative singular grevance, nominative plural grevances)

grevance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
grevances (oblique plural)
grevance (nominative singular)
grevances (nominative plural)

→ English: grievance


vut

vut oblique singular, m (oblique plural vuz or vutz, nominative singular vuz or vutz, nominative plural vut)

vut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vuz (oblique plural)
vutz (oblique plural)
vuz (nominative singular)
vutz (nominative singular)
vut (nominative plural)

Middle French:

French: vœu

→ Middle English: vowe, voue

English: vow


bataile

bataile oblique singular, f (oblique plural batailes, nominative singular bataile, nominative plural batailes)

bataile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
batailes (oblique plural)
bataile (nominative singular)
batailes (nominative plural)


maufait

maufait oblique singular, m (oblique plural maufaiz or maufaitz, nominative singular maufaiz or maufaitz, nominative plural maufait)

maufait oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
maufaiz (oblique plural)
maufaitz (oblique plural)
maufaiz (nominative singular)
maufaitz (nominative singular)
maufait (nominative plural)

Latin malefactum, alternatively from mal- + fait.


phylosophie

phylosophie oblique singular, f (oblique plural phylosophies, nominative singular phylosophie, nominative plural phylosophies)

phylosophie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
phylosophies (oblique plural)
phylosophie (nominative singular)
phylosophies (nominative plural)


protectour

protectour oblique singular, m (oblique plural protectours, nominative singular protectours, nominative plural protectour)

protectour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
protectours (oblique plural)
protectours (nominative singular)
protectour (nominative plural)


procuratour

procuratour oblique singular, m (oblique plural procuratours, nominative singular procuratours, nominative plural procuratour)

procuratour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
procuratours (oblique plural)
procuratours (nominative singular)
procuratour (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) procurator (tax collector)


successour

successour oblique singular, m (oblique plural successours, nominative singular successours, nominative plural successour)

successour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
successours (oblique plural)
successours (nominative singular)
successour (nominative plural)

English: successor

French: successeur

(Anglo-Norman) successor (one who succeeds i.e. takes the place of)


contesce

contesce oblique singular, f (oblique plural contesces, nominative singular contesce, nominative plural contesces)

contesce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
contesces (oblique plural)
contesce (nominative singular)
contesces (nominative plural)


heut

heut oblique singular, m (oblique plural heuz or heutz, nominative singular heuz or heutz, nominative plural heut)

heut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
heuz (oblique plural)
heutz (oblique plural)
heuz (nominative singular)
heutz (nominative singular)
heut (nominative plural)

Frankish *hilt, from Proto-Germanic *heltą. Cognate with Old English (and Modern English) hilt.


conspiratour

conspiratour oblique singular, m (oblique plural conspiratours, nominative singular conspiratours, nominative plural conspiratour)

conspiratour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
conspiratours (oblique plural)
conspiratours (nominative singular)
conspiratour (nominative plural)


vengement

vengement oblique singular, m (oblique plural vengemenz or vengementz, nominative singular vengemenz or vengementz, nominative plural vengement)

vengement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vengemenz (oblique plural)
vengementz (oblique plural)
vengemenz (nominative singular)
vengementz (nominative singular)
vengement (nominative plural)

a sun mal quert tel vengement

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 68, line 421:


diemanche

Alternative form of diemenche (“Sunday”)


arestison

arestison oblique singular, f (oblique plural arestisons, nominative singular arestison, nominative plural arestisons)

arestison oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
arestisons (oblique plural)
arestison (nominative singular)
arestisons (nominative plural)


delaiement

delaiement oblique singular, m (oblique plural delaiemenz or delaiementz, nominative singular delaiemenz or delaiementz, nominative plural delaiement)

delaiement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
delaiemenz (oblique plural)
delaiementz (oblique plural)
delaiemenz (nominative singular)
delaiementz (nominative singular)
delaiement (nominative plural)


mollier

mollier oblique singular, f (oblique plural molliers, nominative singular mollier, nominative plural molliers)

mollier oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
molliers (oblique plural)
mollier (nominative singular)
molliers (nominative plural)


offendour

offendour oblique singular, m (oblique plural offendours, nominative singular offendours, nominative plural offendour)

offendour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
offendours (oblique plural)
offendours (nominative singular)
offendour (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) offender (one who commits an offense)


accusour

accusour oblique singular, m (oblique plural accusours, nominative singular accusere, nominative plural accusour)

accusour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
accusours (oblique plural)
accusere (nominative singular)
accusour (nominative plural)

English: accuser


defendour

defendour oblique singular, m (oblique plural defendours, nominative singular defendere, nominative plural defendour)

defendour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
defendours (oblique plural)
defendere (nominative singular)
defendour (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) defender (one who defends, usually against an attack)


lessour

lessour oblique singular, m (oblique plural lessours, nominative singular lessours, nominative plural lessour)

lessour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lessours (oblique plural)
lessours (nominative singular)
lessour (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: lessour

English: lessor


prioresse

prioresse oblique singular, f (oblique plural prioresses, nominative singular prioresse, nominative plural prioresses)

prioresse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
prioresses (oblique plural)
prioresse (nominative singular)
prioresses (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: prioresse

English: prioress


abbet

abbet oblique singular, m (oblique plural abbez or abbetz, nominative singular abbez or abbetz, nominative plural abbet)

abbet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
abbez (oblique plural)
abbetz (oblique plural)
abbez (nominative singular)
abbetz (nominative singular)
abbet (nominative plural)

French: abbé (see there for further descendants)

Norman: abbé

Latin abbas (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).


cotoun

cotoun oblique singular, m (oblique plural cotouns, nominative singular cotouns, nominative plural cotoun)

cotoun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cotouns (oblique plural)
cotouns (nominative singular)
cotoun (nominative plural)

French: coton

Portuguese: cotão

desctree

→ Middle English: coton, cotun, cotoun, coteyn, cotton, cotyn, kotyn
English: cotton
→ Irish: cotún
Scots: cotton, catton
→ Welsh: cotwm

From Italian cotone, from Arabic قُطْن (quṭn, “cotton”).


boul

fro-noun

boul oblique singular, m (oblique plural bous or box or bouls, nominative singular bous or box or bouls, nominative plural boul)

boul oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bous (oblique plural)
box (oblique plural)
bouls (oblique plural)
bous (nominative singular)
box (nominative singular)
bouls (nominative singular)
boul (nominative plural)

French: bouleau

From Vulgar Latin *betullus, from Latin betulla, diminutive of Gaulish *betua, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-.
Also compare Catalan bedoll, Portuguese bétula, Italian betulla.


losengerie

losengerie oblique singular, f (oblique plural losengeries, nominative singular losengerie, nominative plural losengeries)

losengerie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
losengeries (oblique plural)
losengerie (nominative singular)
losengeries (nominative plural)

flattery; especially flattery intended to deceive or trick


fontainne

fontainne oblique singular, f (oblique plural fontainnes, nominative singular fontainne, nominative plural fontainnes)

fontainne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fontainnes (oblique plural)
fontainne (nominative singular)
fontainnes (nominative plural)


pencer

pencer oblique singular, m (oblique plural pencers, nominative singular pencers, nominative plural pencer)

pencer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pencers (oblique plural)
pencers (nominative singular)
pencer (nominative plural)


singnor

singnor oblique singular, m (oblique plural singnors, nominative singular sire, nominative plural singnor)

singnor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
singnors (oblique plural)
singular sire (nominative)
singnor (nominative plural)


reume

reume oblique singular, f (oblique plural reumes, nominative singular reume, nominative plural reumes)

reume oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
reumes (oblique plural)
reume (nominative singular)
reumes (nominative plural)

→ English: rheum

French: rhume


connil

connil oblique singular, m (oblique plural conniz or connilz, nominative singular conniz or connilz, nominative plural connil)

connil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
conniz (oblique plural)
connilz (oblique plural)
conniz (nominative singular)
connilz (nominative singular)
connil (nominative plural)

French: connil (dated, literary)

→ Alemannic German: Chüngel

→ Cornish: konyn

→ Irish: coinín

→ Manx: conning

→ Middle Dutch: conin, conijn

Dutch: konijn (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: knien

West Flemish: konyn

desctree

→ Middle English: coni, konyng, conynge, cunning, conig, cony, conyne, konyn
English: cony, coney, cunny, connie
Scots: kinnen, kyunnen, connie
→ Middle Welsh: cwning
Welsh: cwning, cwnig

→ Middle Low German: kanīn

German Low German: Kanien

→ Danish: kanin

→ Faroese: kanin

→ German: Kanin

→ Icelandic: kanína

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kanin

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kanin

→ Swedish: kanin
→ Finnish: kaniini, kani

→ Rhine Franconian: Kning

→ West Frisian: knyn

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: kanīnken, kanīneken

German Low German: Kninken, Kanickelgen, Karnickelgen

→ German: Karnickel

→ German: Kaninchen
→ Romansch: canign

→ Luxembourgish: Kanéngchen

→ Scottish Gaelic: coineanach

(figuratively, derogatory) idiot; imbecile (generic insult)


caroigne

fro-noun

caroigne oblique singular, f (oblique plural caroignes, nominative singular caroigne, nominative plural caroignes)

caroigne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
caroignes (oblique plural)
caroigne (nominative singular)
caroignes (nominative plural)


mundification

mundification oblique singular, f (oblique plural mundifications, nominative singular mundification, nominative plural mundifications)

mundification oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mundifications (oblique plural)
mundification (nominative singular)
mundifications (nominative plural)


noum

noum oblique singular, m (oblique plural nouns, nominative singular nouns, nominative plural noum)

noum oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nouns (oblique plural)
nouns (nominative singular)
noum (nominative plural)


troveor

troveor oblique singular, m (oblique plural troveors, nominative singular trovere, nominative plural troveor)

troveor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
troveors (oblique plural)
trovere (nominative singular)
troveor (nominative plural)

Middle French: trouvëour (from objective/accusative case), trouvere (from nominative/subjective case)

French: trouveur (from objective/accusative case), trouvère (from nominative/subjective case)

Dutch: trouvère (borrowing)

English: trouvère (borrowing)

trover + -eor, or possibly corresponding to a Gallo-Vulgar Latin *tropatōre(m), accusative of *tropātor, from the verb *tropō, tropāre, from Latin tropus. Cognate to Old Occitan trobador.


exhibicion

exhibicion oblique singular, f (oblique plural exhibicions, nominative singular exhibicion, nominative plural exhibicions)

exhibicion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
exhibicions (oblique plural)
exhibicion (nominative singular)
exhibicions (nominative plural)

English: exhibition

French: exhibition

exhibition (act of exhibiting, of showing)


pastre

pastre oblique singular, m (oblique plural pastres, nominative singular pastres, nominative plural pastre)

pastre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pastres (oblique plural)
pastres (nominative singular)
pastre (nominative plural)

French: pâtre m

From the nominative declension of Latin pāstor. Cf. pastor, pastur inherited from the accusative or genitive of the same lemma.


escusement

escusement oblique singular, m (oblique plural escusemenz or escusementz, nominative singular escusemenz or escusementz, nominative plural escusement)

escusement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escusemenz (oblique plural)
escusementz (oblique plural)
escusemenz (nominative singular)
escusementz (nominative singular)
escusement (nominative plural)


lastage

lastage oblique singular, m (oblique plural lastages, nominative singular lastages, nominative plural lastage)

lastage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lastages (oblique plural)
lastages (nominative singular)
lastage (nominative plural)

Middle French: lastage

French: lestage

Que toutes maneres de niefs audit port accustumez de venir hors Engleterre […] portent oveques eux tout lour lastage

All manners of ship at the aforementioned port were used to going outside of England […] carried with them all their cargo


reve

reve oblique singular, f (oblique plural reves, nominative singular reve, nominative plural reves)

reve oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
reves (oblique plural)
reve (nominative singular)
reves (nominative plural)


piz

piz oblique singular, m (oblique plural piz, nominative singular piz, nominative plural piz)

piz oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
piz (oblique plural)
piz (nominative singular)
piz (nominative plural)

French: pis


dorveille

dorveille oblique singular, f (oblique plural dorveilles, nominative singular dorveille, nominative plural dorveilles)

dorveille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dorveilles (oblique plural)
dorveille (nominative singular)
dorveilles (nominative plural)

Middle French: dorveille

dormir (“to sleep”) + veiller (“to be awake; to be alert”).

faire la dorveille

feign sleep, simulate sleep; attempt to force sleep during periods of insomnia

dozing, drowsiness; more precisely, a state intermediate between being asleep and being awake


gastel

fro-noun

gastel oblique singular, m (oblique plural gasteaus or gasteax or gastiaus or gastiax or gastels, nominative singular gasteaus or gasteax or gastiaus or gastiax or gastels, nominative plural gastel)

gastel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gasteaus (oblique plural)
gasteax (oblique plural)
gastiaus (oblique plural)
gastiax (oblique plural)
gastels (oblique plural)
gasteaus (nominative singular)
gasteax (nominative singular)
gastiaus (nominative singular)
gastiax (nominative singular)
gastels (nominative singular)
gastel (nominative plural)

Middle French: gastel, gasteau

French: gâteau

Bourguignon: gaîteâ

Gallo: gastèu (Gallo)

Picard: wâtiau (Artois), wâtieu (Amiens)

Walloon: gatau (Charleroi), wastê (Forrières, Liégeois), wastea

Norman: wâtel

desctree

→ Middle English: wastel
English: wastel
Yola: palske, palsk (vulgar)

→ Medieval Latin: wastellus [1196 AD]

→ Sicilian: guastedda

Borrowed from Frankish *wastil, from Proto-Germanic *wastiliz, *wistiliz, from *wistiz (“food, feast”) + *-ilaz (“diminutive suffix”), from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to eat”).


flotage

fro-noun

flotage oblique singular, m (oblique plural flotages, nominative singular flotages, nominative plural flotage)

flotage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
flotages (oblique plural)
flotages (nominative singular)
flotage (nominative plural)

act of diverting water from a river to a meadow or field


sput

sput oblique singular, m (oblique plural spuz or sputz, nominative singular spuz or sputz, nominative plural sput)

sput oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
spuz (oblique plural)
sputz (oblique plural)
spuz (nominative singular)
sputz (nominative singular)
sput (nominative plural)


parçonier

parçonier oblique singular, m (oblique plural parçoniers, nominative singular parçoniers, nominative plural parçonier)

parçonier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
parçoniers (oblique plural)
parçoniers (nominative singular)
parçonier (nominative plural)

→ English: parcener

→ Spanish: parzonería


parçon

parçon oblique singular, f (oblique plural parçons, nominative singular parçon, nominative plural parçons)

parçon oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
parçons (oblique plural)
parçon (nominative singular)
parçons (nominative plural)


parçonneour

parçonneour oblique singular, m (oblique plural parçonneours, nominative singular parçonneours, nominative plural parçonneour)

parçonneour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
parçonneours (oblique plural)
parçonneours (nominative singular)
parçonneour (nominative plural)


delit

delit oblique singular, m (oblique plural deliz or delitz, nominative singular deliz or delitz, nominative plural delit)

delit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
deliz (oblique plural)
delitz (oblique plural)
deliz (nominative singular)
delitz (nominative singular)
delit (nominative plural)


cerveise

cerveise oblique singular, f (oblique plural cerveises, nominative singular cerveise, nominative plural cerveises)

cerveise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cerveises (oblique plural)
cerveise (nominative singular)
cerveises (nominative plural)


liage

liage oblique singular, m (oblique plural liages, nominative singular liages, nominative plural liage)

liage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
liages (oblique plural)
liages (nominative singular)
liage (nominative plural)

link; tie; bond (something used to link two or more things together)


cervoise

cervoise oblique singular, f (oblique plural cervoises, nominative singular cervoise, nominative plural cervoises)

cervoise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cervoises (oblique plural)
cervoise (nominative singular)
cervoises (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: cervoise
French: cervoise (historical)

Picard: cervoise (rare)

Walloon: cervoisse (archaic)

→ Old Franco-Provençal: servoysa (presumably)

→ Old Italian: cervogia, cervese

→ Romansch: gervasa

/sɛɾˈvo̯ɛzə/


espauliere

fro-noun

espauliere oblique singular, f (oblique plural espaulieres, nominative singular espauliere, nominative plural espaulieres)

espauliere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
espaulieres (oblique plural)
espauliere (nominative singular)
espaulieres (nominative plural)


estrangier

estrangier oblique singular, m (oblique plural estrangiers, nominative singular estrangiers, nominative plural estrangier)

estrangier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
estrangiers (oblique plural)
estrangiers (nominative singular)
estrangier (nominative plural)

Middle French: estranger

French: étranger

→ Catalan: estranger

desctree

→ Middle English: straunger, stranger, strangere, strangher, strangier, straungier, straungior, strawnger, strayngour, stronger
English: stranger

→ Irish: strainséir

→? Italian: straniero

→ Spanish: extranjero (relatinized)

→ Galician: estranxeiro

→ Portuguese: estrangeiro

foreigner (one from a foreign land; a non-native)


deces

fro-noun

deces oblique singular, m (oblique plural deces, nominative singular deces, nominative plural deces)

deces oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
deces (oblique plural)
deces (nominative singular)
deces (nominative plural)

→ English: decease

desctree

Middle French: deces
French: décès
→ Romanian: deces


feie

fro-noun

feie oblique singular, m (oblique plural feies, nominative singular feies, nominative plural feie)

feie oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
feies (oblique plural)
feies (nominative singular)
feie (nominative plural)

(anatomy or foodstuff) Alternative form of foie


portoir

portoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural portoirs, nominative singular portoirs, nominative plural portoir)

portoir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
portoirs (oblique plural)
portoirs (nominative singular)
portoir (nominative plural)

stretcher (tool used for carry people or objects)


desputoison

desputoison oblique singular, f (oblique plural desputoisons, nominative singular desputoison, nominative plural desputoisons)

desputoison oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
desputoisons (oblique plural)
desputoison (nominative singular)
desputoisons (nominative plural)

→ English: disputison


paneterie

paneterie oblique singular, f (oblique plural paneteries, nominative singular paneterie, nominative plural paneteries)

paneterie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
paneteries (oblique plural)
paneterie (nominative singular)
paneteries (nominative plural)

→ English: pantry

From panetier + -erie. Compare boulangerie or chevalerie.


soing

soing oblique singular, m (oblique plural soinz, nominative singular soinz, nominative plural soing)

soing oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
soinz (oblique plural)
soinz (nominative singular)
soing (nominative plural)

Middle French: soign, soin

French: soin

Norman: souongne (Jèrriais)

Picard: swîn (Athois)

Walloon: sogne (Charleroi, Forrières, Liégeois)


apostume

apostume oblique singular, m (oblique plural apostumes, nominative singular apostumes, nominative plural apostume)

apostume oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
apostumes (oblique plural)
apostumes (nominative singular)
apostume (nominative plural)


moien

moien oblique singular, m (oblique plural moiens, nominative singular moiens, nominative plural moien)

moien oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
moiens (oblique plural)
moiens (nominative singular)
moien (nominative plural)

Spelled meien in early Old French, from Latin mediānus.


puche

puche oblique singular, f (oblique plural puches, nominative singular puche, nominative plural puches)

puche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
puches (oblique plural)
puche (nominative singular)
puches (nominative plural)

English: pouch, poke (through the Old Northern French variant poque, Anglo-Norman poke)

French: poche

From Frankish *pokō (“pouch, bag”), from Proto-Germanic *pukô (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *buk-, *bu-, *bew- (“to blow, swell”).


royne

royne oblique singular, f (oblique plural roynes, nominative singular royne, nominative plural roynes)

royne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
roynes (oblique plural)
royne (nominative singular)
roynes (nominative plural)

French: reine

Norman: royne, ranne, reine

Walloon: royinne

→ Old East Slavic: ръ́ина (rŭ́ina)

roÿne

diaereses are not universally used in scholarly transcriptions of Old French


reule

reule oblique singular, f (oblique plural reules, nominative singular reule, nominative plural reules)

reule oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
reules (oblique plural)
reule (nominative singular)
reules (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: reule, rewle, rule

English: rule

Semi-learned term borrowed from Latin regula. Compare the inherited doublet reille, from Vulgar Latin *regla.


pieté

pieté oblique singular, f (oblique plural pietez, nominative singular pieté, nominative plural pietez)

pieté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pietez (oblique plural)
pieté (nominative singular)
pietez (nominative plural)


fleute

fleute oblique singular, f (oblique plural fleutes, nominative singular fleute, nominative plural fleutes)

fleute oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fleutes (oblique plural)
fleute (nominative singular)
fleutes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: fleute
French: flûte
→ Italian: flute, flûte
→ Luxembourgish: Flütt
→ Walloon: flûte
→ Volapük: flut (possibly)
Norman: fliûte (Jersey)

→ Middle Dutch: floite

Dutch: fluit
Afrikaans: fluit
→ Lokono: flauta
→ English: fluyt
→ Indonesian: peluit
→ Malay: peluit
→ Papiamentu: flùit, fleit
→ Sranan Tongo: froyti
→ Saramaccan: foloíti

→ Middle High German: vloite

German: Flöte (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: floute, floyte, flowte, fleute, flote, floite, fflott, ffloute, ffleute
English: flute
→ Irish: fliúit
→ Welsh: ffliwt
Scots: fluit

→ Middle Low German: flöite, vloite

German Low German: Fleut, Fleit

→ Danish: fløjte

→ Icelandic: flauta

→ Estonian: flööt

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: fløyte

Norwegian Nynorsk: fløyte

→ Saterland Frisian: Floite

→ Swedish: flöjt


espleit

fro-noun

espleit oblique singular, m (oblique plural espleiz or espleitz, nominative singular espleiz or espleitz, nominative plural espleit)

espleit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espleiz (oblique plural)
espleitz (oblique plural)
espleiz (nominative singular)
espleitz (nominative singular)
espleit (nominative plural)


paralisie

paralisie oblique singular, f (oblique plural paralisies, nominative singular paralisie, nominative plural paralisies)

paralisie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
paralisies (oblique plural)
paralisie (nominative singular)
paralisies (nominative plural)

Latin paralysis, from Ancient Greek παράλυσις (parálusis, “palsy”), from παραλύειν (paralúein, “to disable on one side”), from παρά (pará, “beside”) + λύειν (lúein, “loosen”).

uder

Un mal sudain e laid de grant baillie Ke nomé est paralisie


esploit

fro-noun

esploit oblique singular, m (oblique plural esploiz or esploitz, nominative singular esploiz or esploitz, nominative plural esploit)

esploit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
esploiz (oblique plural)
esploitz (oblique plural)
esploiz (nominative singular)
esploitz (nominative singular)
esploit (nominative plural)

→ English: exploit

Dutch: exploit
→ Indonesian: eksploit

Dutch: exploot

French: exploit

From older espleit, from Latin explicitus or alternatively simply a deverbal of esploitier.


condicion

condicion oblique singular, f (oblique plural condicions, nominative singular condicion, nominative plural condicions)

condicion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
condicions (oblique plural)
condicion (nominative singular)
condicions (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: condicioun

English: condition

Middle French: condition

French: condition


putage

putage oblique singular, m (oblique plural putages, nominative singular putages, nominative plural putage)

putage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
putages (oblique plural)
putages (nominative singular)
putage (nominative plural)


mainprise

mainprise oblique singular, f (oblique plural mainprises, nominative singular mainprise, nominative plural mainprises)

mainprise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mainprises (oblique plural)
mainprise (nominative singular)
mainprises (nominative plural)


pumier

pumier oblique singular, m (oblique plural pumiers, nominative singular pumiers, nominative plural pumier)

pumier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pumiers (oblique plural)
pumiers (nominative singular)
pumier (nominative plural)


cuiracer

cuiracer oblique singular, m (oblique plural cuiracers, nominative singular cuiracers, nominative plural cuiracer)

cuiracer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cuiracers (oblique plural)
cuiracers (nominative singular)
cuiracer (nominative plural)

French: cuirassier

English: cuirassier

cuirace + -er (agent noun suffix, variant of -ier).

cuirassier; solderied armed with a cuirass


cuirace

cuirace oblique singular, f (oblique plural cuiraces, nominative singular cuirace, nominative plural cuiraces)

cuirace oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cuiraces (oblique plural)
cuirace (nominative singular)
cuiraces (nominative plural)

→ English: cuirass

French: cuirasse

→ Galician: coiraza

From Old Occitan coirassa, from Late Latin coriacea (vestis). By surface analysis, cuir (“leather”) + -ace.


catel

fro-noun

catel oblique singular, m (oblique plural cateaus or cateax or catiaus or catiax or catels, nominative singular cateaus or cateax or catiaus or catiax or catels, nominative plural catel)

catel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cateaus (oblique plural)
cateax (oblique plural)
catiaus (oblique plural)
catiax (oblique plural)
catels (oblique plural)
cateaus (nominative singular)
cateax (nominative singular)
catiaus (nominative singular)
catiax (nominative singular)
catels (nominative singular)
catel (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French) Alternative form of chatel


usurier

usurier oblique singular, m (oblique plural usuriers, nominative singular usuriers, nominative plural usurier)

usurier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
usuriers (oblique plural)
usuriers (nominative singular)
usurier (nominative plural)

→ English: usurer

French: usurier

usurer (a person who loans money to others and charges interest, particularly at an illegal, exorbitant, or unfair rate)


utilitet

utilitet oblique singular, f (nominative singular utilitet)

utilitet oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
utilitet (nominative singular)

English: utility

Middle French: utilité

French: utilité


voyeul

voyeul oblique singular, m (oblique plural voyeus or voyex or voyeuls, nominative singular voyeus or voyex or voyeuls, nominative plural voyeul)

voyeul oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
voyeus (oblique plural)
voyex (oblique plural)
voyeuls (oblique plural)
voyeus (nominative singular)
voyex (nominative singular)
voyeuls (nominative singular)
voyeul (nominative plural)

French: voyelle

Walloon: voyale

→ English: vowel

→ Scots: vouel


wivre

wivre oblique singular, f (oblique plural wivres, nominative singular wivre, nominative plural wivres)

wivre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
wivres (oblique plural)
wivre (nominative singular)
wivres (nominative plural)

French: guivre, vouivre (from variant forms)

→ English: weever

→ Middle English: wyver, wyvere

⇒ English: wyvern

⇒ Spanish: guiverno

Anglo-Norman and Old Northern French form of guivre, from Latin vīpera. See English viper and French vipère.


garison

garison oblique singular, f (oblique plural garisons, nominative singular garison, nominative plural garisons)

garison oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
garisons (oblique plural)
garison (nominative singular)
garisons (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: warison

desctree

→ Middle English: warisoun
Middle Scots: warisoun, warisone
→ English: warison, warrison

Middle French: garison
French: guérison

Norman: dgèrnison (Jersey)

→ Middle English: garisoun
English: garrison
Scots: gairison

Middle High German: garzûn

good; object (positive connotations; a useful object)


cocombre

fro-noun

cocombre oblique singular, f (oblique plural cocombres, nominative singular cocombre, nominative plural cocombres)

cocombre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cocombres (oblique plural)
cocombre (nominative singular)
cocombres (nominative plural)

Middle French: coucombre

French: concombre

desctree

→ Middle English: cucumer, cucumber, cucumbre, kykombre
English: cucumber
Tok Pisin: kukamba
→ Cherokee: ᎦᎦᎹ (gagama)
→ Plains Cree: kohkompaninawak
→ Spanish: cacombra
→ Welsh: ciwcymbr
→ Zulu: îkhukhámba

Norman: cocombre (Jersey)

From Latin cucumis, cucumerem, probably through the intermediate of Old Occitan.


pessaire

fro-noun

pessaire oblique singular, m (oblique plural pessaires, nominative singular pessaires, nominative plural pessaire)

pessaire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pessaires (oblique plural)
pessaires (nominative singular)
pessaire (nominative plural)

(medicine) pessary (vaginal suppository)


generacion

generacion oblique singular, f (oblique plural generacions, nominative singular generacion, nominative plural generacions)

generacion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
generacions (oblique plural)
generacion (nominative singular)
generacions (nominative plural)

→ English: generation

French: génération


pluralité

pluralité oblique singular, f (oblique plural pluralitez, nominative singular pluralité, nominative plural pluralitez)

pluralité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
plural pluralitez (oblique)
pluralité (nominative singular)
plural pluralitez (nominative)

→ English: plurality

French: pluralité


tablete

tablete oblique singular, f (oblique plural tabletes, nominative singular tablete, nominative plural tabletes)

tablete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tabletes (oblique plural)
tablete (nominative singular)
tabletes (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: tablet

English: tablet

Scots: taiblet

French: tablette

tablet (flat piece of stone used for inscriptions)


tornoiement

tornoiement oblique singular, m (oblique plural tornoiemenz or tornoiementz, nominative singular tornoiemenz or tornoiementz, nominative plural tornoiement)

tornoiement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tornoiemenz (oblique plural)
tornoiementz (oblique plural)
tornoiemenz (nominative singular)
tornoiementz (nominative singular)
tornoiement (nominative plural)

desctree

→ English: tournament
→ Japanese: トーナメント (tōnamento)

French: tournoi

tournament; an event composed of a series Medieval games used to train knights


tialz

fro-noun

tialz oblique singular, m (oblique plural tialz, nominative singular tialz, nominative plural tialz)

tialz oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tialz (oblique plural)
tialz (nominative singular)
tialz (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Old Norse tjald or another Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *teldą. See also Middle Dutch telt, Old High German zelt, and Old English teld.

Funt un tialz desus le tref,
E puis s'en issent el graver

Life of St. Gilles, Guillaume de Berneville Cele part unt le lof turné A l'ysle vunt sigle levé, Trovent le port durement bel. En la mer lancent lur batel; Mult par agreient ben lur nef


tumberel

tumberel oblique singular, m (oblique plural tumbereaus or tumbereax or tumberiaus or tumberiax or tumberels, nominative singular tumbereaus or tumbereax or tumberiaus or tumberiax or tumberels, nominative plural tumberel)

tumberel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tumbereaus (oblique plural)
tumbereax (oblique plural)
tumberiaus (oblique plural)
tumberiax (oblique plural)
tumberels (oblique plural)
tumbereaus (nominative singular)
tumbereax (nominative singular)
tumberiaus (nominative singular)
tumberiax (nominative singular)
tumberels (nominative singular)
tumberel (nominative plural)

→ English: tumbril (historical)

→ Italian: tombarello

tumber, variant of tomber (“to fall”) + -el (diminutive suffix).


sustentacion

sustentacion oblique singular, f (oblique plural sustentacions, nominative singular sustentacion, nominative plural sustentacions)

sustentacion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sustentacions (oblique plural)
sustentacion (nominative singular)
sustentacions (nominative plural)

→ English: sustentation


souffisance

souffisance oblique singular, f (nominative singular souffisance)

souffisance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
souffisance (nominative singular)

→ Middle English: suffisaunce

souffisant + -ance, from the verb souffire (“to suffice”).


surlonge

surlonge oblique singular, f (oblique plural surlonges, nominative singular surlonge, nominative plural surlonges)

surlonge oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
surlonges (oblique plural)
surlonge (nominative singular)
surlonges (nominative plural)

→ English: sirloin


marcheant

marcheant oblique singular, m (oblique plural marcheanz or marcheantz, nominative singular marcheanz or marcheantz, nominative plural marcheant)

marcheant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
marcheanz (oblique plural)
marcheantz (oblique plural)
marcheanz (nominative singular)
marcheantz (nominative singular)
marcheant (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: marchant

English: merchant

Middle French: marchant

French: marchand

From earlier marchedant, from Vulgar Latin *mercatantem, accusative of *mercatans, from the verb *mercatare, from Latin mercatus (“market”).


souvenance

souvenance oblique singular, f (oblique plural souvenances, nominative singular souvenance, nominative plural souvenances)

souvenance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
souvenances (oblique plural)
souvenance (nominative singular)
souvenances (nominative plural)

English: sovenance (borrowed, obsolete)

souvenant + -ance, from the verb souvenir.

1288, C'est Martine Toriel, S. Brice, A. Tournai
Pour souvenance des coses


secle

secle oblique singular, ? (oblique plural secles, nominative singular secle, nominative plural secles)

secle oblique singular (canonical)
secles (oblique plural)
secle (nominative singular)
secles (nominative plural)


segnal

segnal oblique singular, m (oblique plural segnaus or segnax or segnals, nominative singular segnaus or segnax or segnals, nominative plural segnal)

segnal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
segnaus (oblique plural)
segnax (oblique plural)
segnals (oblique plural)
segnaus (nominative singular)
segnax (nominative singular)
segnals (nominative singular)
segnal (nominative plural)

→ English: signal

French: signal

signature; distinguishing mark showing ownership


sicamor

sicamor oblique singular, m (oblique plural sicamors, nominative singular sicamors, nominative plural sicamor)

sicamor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sicamors (oblique plural)
sicamors (nominative singular)
sicamor (nominative plural)

French: sycomore

desctree

→ Middle English: sicamour
English: sycamore, sycomore
Scots: sycamore

From Latin sȳcomorus, from Ancient Greek σῡκόμορος (sūkómoros, “fig-mulberry”), from σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) + μόρον (móron, “mulberry”).

der

Dessoz l'onbre d'un sicamor


alaine

fro-noun

alaine oblique singular, f (oblique plural alaines, nominative singular alaine, nominative plural alaines)

alaine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
alaines (oblique plural)
alaine (nominative singular)
alaines (nominative plural)

French: haleine


rusche

rusche oblique singular, f (oblique plural rusches, nominative singular rusche, nominative plural rusches)

rusche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rusches (oblique plural)
rusche (nominative singular)
rusches (nominative plural)

Middle French: rusche

Norman: ruche

From Medieval Latin rusca (“bark”), from Gaulish.


rampar

rampar oblique singular, m (oblique plural rampars, nominative singular rampars, nominative plural rampar)

rampar oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rampars (oblique plural)
rampars (nominative singular)
rampar (nominative plural)

English: rampart

French: rempart


habundance

habundance oblique singular, f (oblique plural habundances, nominative singular habundance, nominative plural habundances)

habundance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
habundances (oblique plural)
habundance (nominative singular)
habundances (nominative plural)

Middle French: habundance


draoncle

draoncle oblique singular, m (oblique plural draoncles, nominative singular draoncles, nominative plural draoncle)

draoncle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
draoncles (oblique plural)
draoncles (nominative singular)
draoncle (nominative plural)


procreacion

procreacion oblique singular, f (nominative singular procreacion)

procreacion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
procreacion (nominative singular)

→ English: procreation

French: procréation

procreation (act, process of procreating)


pourciession

pourciession oblique singular, f (oblique plural pourciessions, nominative singular pourciession, nominative plural pourciessions)

pourciession oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pourciessions (oblique plural)
pourciession (nominative singular)
pourciessions (nominative plural)

→ English: procession

French: procession

Borrowed from Latin processio, processionem.

procession (line of people following one another)


purpartie

purpartie oblique singular, f (oblique plural purparties, nominative singular purpartie, nominative plural purparties)

purpartie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
purparties (oblique plural)
purpartie (nominative singular)
purparties (nominative plural)


pouletier

pouletier oblique singular, m (oblique plural pouletiers, nominative singular pouletiers, nominative plural pouletier)

pouletier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pouletiers (oblique plural)
pouletiers (nominative singular)
pouletier (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: pulter
English: poulter, poulterer

poulet (“chicken”) + -ier (suffix denoting a profession).

poulterer; one who buys and sells poultry


porpartie

fro-noun

porpartie oblique singular, f (oblique plural porparties, nominative singular porpartie, nominative plural porparties)

porpartie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
porparties (oblique plural)
porpartie (nominative singular)
porparties (nominative plural)

English: pourparty, purparty

purparty; part of an estate intended for an individual.


premisse

premisse oblique singular, f (oblique plural premisses, nominative singular premisse, nominative plural premisses)

premisse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
premisses (oblique plural)
premisse (nominative singular)
premisses (nominative plural)

French: premise


poree

Middle French: porrée, porret

French: porrette

→ English: porret

Walloon: poret, porea

→ Limburgish: poor

desctree

→ German: Porree
→ Esperanto: poreo
→ Hungarian: póré
→ Russian: порей (porej)

→ Low German: Porree

→ English: porray

→ Hungarian: paraj

→ Luxembourgish: Porrett

→ Middle Dutch: poreye
Dutch: prei
West Flemish: pret

From Late Latin porellus (“leek”), formed from a diminutive of Latin porrum.


contenz

(in the plural) contents; that which something contains


pyjon

fro-noun

pyjon oblique singular, m (oblique plural pyjons, nominative singular pyjons, nominative plural pyjon)

pyjon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pyjons (oblique plural)
pyjons (nominative singular)
pyjon (nominative plural)

Franc-Comtois: pindjon

French: pigeon

Norman: pigeon

Picard: penjon

desctree

→ Middle English: pygeoun
English: pigeon
Scots: pigeon


peregrinacion

fro-noun

peregrinacion oblique singular, f (oblique plural peregrinacions, nominative singular peregrinacion, nominative plural peregrinacions)

peregrinacion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
peregrinacions (oblique plural)
peregrinacion (nominative singular)
peregrinacions (nominative plural)

English: peregrination

French: pérégrination


peticiun

peticiun oblique singular, f (oblique plural peticiuns, nominative singular peticiun, nominative plural peticiuns)

peticiun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
peticiuns (oblique plural)
peticiun (nominative singular)
peticiuns (nominative plural)

→ English: petition

French: pétition

Borrowed from Latin petitio, petitionem.


pestel

pestel oblique singular, m (oblique plural pesteaus or pesteax or pestiaus or pestiax or pestels, nominative singular pesteaus or pesteax or pestiaus or pestiax or pestels, nominative plural pestel)

pestel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pesteaus (oblique plural)
pesteax (oblique plural)
pestiaus (oblique plural)
pestiax (oblique plural)
pestels (oblique plural)
pesteaus (nominative singular)
pesteax (nominative singular)
pestiaus (nominative singular)
pestiax (nominative singular)
pestels (nominative singular)
pestel (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: pestel, pestell, pistel, pestelle, pestylle, pestill, pestyl
English: pestle

Middle French: pestel


beche

fro-noun

beche oblique singular, f (oblique plural beches, nominative singular beche, nominative plural beches)

beche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
beches (oblique plural)
beche (nominative singular)
beches (nominative plural)


pochete

pochete oblique singular, f (oblique plural pochetes, nominative singular pochete, nominative plural pochetes)

pochete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pochetes (oblique plural)
pochete (nominative singular)
pochetes (nominative plural)

i

→ English: pocket (through Old Northern French poquete, Anglo-Norman poket)

French: pochette


peneant

fro-noun

peneant oblique singular, m (oblique plural peneanz or peneantz, nominative singular peneanz or peneantz, nominative plural peneant)

peneant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
peneanz (oblique plural)
peneantz (oblique plural)
peneanz (nominative singular)
peneantz (nominative singular)
peneant (nominative plural)
peneans (masculine singular subjective)
peneante (feminine singular subjective)
peneant (masculine oblique singular)
peneante (feminine oblique singular)
peneant (masculine plural subjective)
peneantes (feminine plural subjective)
peneans (masculine oblique plural)
peneantes (feminine oblique plural)


panssion

panssion oblique singular, f (oblique plural panssions, nominative singular panssion, nominative plural panssions)

panssion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
panssions (oblique plural)
panssion (nominative singular)
panssions (nominative plural)

desctree

French: pension
Haitian Creole: pansyon
→ Belarusian: пансiён (pansijón), пансыён (pansyjón)
→ Bulgarian: пансион (pansion)
→ German: Pension
→ Greek: πανσιόν (pansión)
→ Macedonian: пансио́н (pansión)
→ Ottoman Turkish: پانسیون
Turkish: pansiyon
→ Romanian: pension
→ Russian: пансио́н (pansión)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: пансѝо̄н
Latin script: pansìōn
→ Ukrainian: пансіо́н (pansión)

→ Middle Dutch: pensioen

Dutch: pensioen
→ Caribbean Javanese: pangsiyun
→ Indonesian: pensiun
→ Sranan Tongo: pensyun

→ Middle English: pencioun, pencion, pencyon, pencyone, penschyn, pension, pensioun, pensiown, pensyone
English: pension
Scots: pension

rent; regular payment in exchange for use of something


patene

fro-noun

patene oblique singular, f (oblique plural patenes, nominative singular patene, nominative plural patenes)

patene oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
patenes (oblique plural)
patene (nominative singular)
patenes (nominative plural)

French: patène

→ Middle English: paten, patene

English: paten

Scots: patene, patin

From Medieval Latin patena, variant of patina, from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē).

Un calice d’argent doré, tout plain, ou il en a la patene un Dieu qui monstre ses playes esmaillié (Laborde 1380)


pade

pade oblique singular, f (oblique plural pades, nominative singular pade, nominative plural pades)

pade oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pades (oblique plural)
pade (nominative singular)
pades (nominative plural)


papegai

papegai oblique singular, m (oblique plural papegais, nominative singular papegais, nominative plural papegai)

papegai oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
papegais (oblique plural)
papegais (nominative singular)
papegai (nominative plural)

→ Czech: papoušek (details unknown)

→ Middle Dutch: papegay

desctree

Dutch: papegaai
Afrikaans: papegaai
Berbice Creole Dutch: papkai
→ Aukan: papakai
→ Russian: попуга́й (popugáj)
→ Ingrian: popugai
→ Veps: popugai
→ Yakut: попугай (popugay)

→ Middle English: popinjay

English: popinjay

→ Finnish: papukaija

→ Middle High German: papegei

German: Papagei

→ Hungarian: papagáj

→ Middle Low German: papegoie

→ Danish: papegøje

→ Norwegian: papegøye

→ Swedish: papegoja

→ Portuguese: papagaio

→ Northern Kurdish: papaxan

From Old Spanish papagayo, from Byzantine Greek παπαγάλος (papagálos), from Arabic بَبَّغَاء (babbaḡāʔ), of onomatopoeic origin.


blanchor

fro-noun

blanchor oblique singular, f (oblique plural blanchors, nominative singular blanchor, nominative plural blanchors)

blanchor oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
blanchors (oblique plural)
blanchor (nominative singular)
blanchors (nominative plural)

French: blancheur


sustance

sustance oblique singular, f (oblique plural sustances, nominative singular sustance, nominative plural sustances)

sustance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sustances (oblique plural)
sustance (nominative singular)
sustances (nominative plural)

D'autrui chateil, d'autrui sustances

Rutebeuf, C'est li diz des regles, 13ᵗʰ Century

le sperme du mezeau soit corrumpu en sustance

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 187 of this essay:

the semen of a leper is corrupt in substance


oripel

oripel oblique singular, m (oblique plural oripeaus or oripeax or oripiaus or oripiax or oripels, nominative singular oripeaus or oripeax or oripiaus or oripiax or oripels, nominative plural oripel)

oripel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oripeaus (oblique plural)
oripeax (oblique plural)
oripiaus (oblique plural)
oripiax (oblique plural)
oripels (oblique plural)
oripeaus (nominative singular)
oripeax (nominative singular)
oripiaus (nominative singular)
oripiax (nominative singular)
oripels (nominative singular)
oripel (nominative plural)

→ Catalan: oripell

French: oripeau

→ Portuguese: ouropel

→ Spanish: oropel

→ Italian: orpello


oriflambe

oriflambe oblique singular, f (oblique plural oriflambes, nominative singular oriflambe, nominative plural oriflambes)

oriflambe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
oriflambes (oblique plural)
oriflambe (nominative singular)
oriflambes (nominative plural)

→ English: oriflamme

French: oriflamme

Attested as orie flambe, oriflambe, oriflamme, from Medieval Latin auriflamma (“golden flame”), from Latin aurum (“gold”) + flamma (“flame”).

oriflamme (red silk banner of St Denis, which the abbot of St Denis gave to French kings as they rode to war)


orfelin

French: orphelin

From an unattested diminutive of Latin orphanus.


tesme

tesme oblique singular, m (oblique plural tesmes, nominative singular tesmes, nominative plural tesme)

tesme oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tesmes (oblique plural)
tesmes (nominative singular)
tesme (nominative plural)

English: theme (borrowed, from 'theme')

French: thème (from 'theme')

Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma). The s is unetymological.

Quant il avra finé son tesme


arismetique

arismetique oblique singular, f (nominative singular arismetique)

arismetique oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
arismetique (nominative singular)

Borrowed from Latin arithmētica (noun) and arithmeticus (adjective), from Ancient Greek ἀριθμητική (τέχνη) (arithmētikḗ (tékhnē), “(art of) counting”), feminine of ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós, “arithmetical”), from ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, form of *h₂rey- (“to count, reason”).

der

ἀριθμητική (τέχνη)


meriene

fro-noun

meriene oblique singular, f (oblique plural merienes, nominative singular meriene, nominative plural merienes)

meriene oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
merienes (oblique plural)
meriene (nominative singular)
merienes (nominative plural)

→ Breton: merenn


mireor

mireor oblique singular, m (oblique plural mireors, nominative singular mireors, nominative plural mireor)

mireor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mireors (oblique plural)
mireors (nominative singular)
mireor (nominative plural)

Champaignat: miréor, mirour

French: miroir

→ Middle English: mirour

English: mirror

et par ce mireor trespasse […] le san don li cuers est espris

And through this mirror travels […] the feeling which seizes the heart

Le vray miroer de la beauté humain


mastin

mastin oblique singular, m (oblique plural mastins, nominative singular mastins, nominative plural mastin)

mastin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mastins (oblique plural)
mastins (nominative singular)
mastin (nominative plural)

→ Catalan: mastí

desctree

→ Middle English: mastyf, mastif, masty, mastyff, mestyf, maystyf, mestif
English: mastiff
→ Welsh: mastiff
Scots: mastiff

French: mâtin

→ Irish: maistín

→ Italian: mastino

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: mastin

Galician: mastín

Portuguese: mastim

→ Sicilian: mastinu

From Vulgar Latin *mānsetīnus < *mānsuētīnus (“tamed (animal)”), from Classical Latin mānsuētus (“tamed”).


markiet

fro-noun

markiet oblique singular, m (oblique plural markiés, nominative singular markiés, nominative plural markiet)

markiet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
markiés (oblique plural)
markiés (nominative singular)
markiet (nominative plural)


masenge

masenge oblique singular, m (oblique plural masenges, nominative singular masenges, nominative plural masenge)

masenge oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
masenges (oblique plural)
masenges (nominative singular)
masenge (nominative plural)


mesenge

mesenge oblique singular, m (oblique plural mesenges, nominative singular mesenges, nominative plural mesenge)

mesenge oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mesenges (oblique plural)
mesenges (nominative singular)
mesenge (nominative plural)

Middle French: mesange, mésange

French: mésange

Picard: masaingue, (Rouchi) masínque

Walloon: masenge


malart

malart oblique singular, m (oblique plural malarz or malartz, nominative singular malarz or malartz, nominative plural malart)

malart oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
malarz (oblique plural)
malartz (oblique plural)
malarz (nominative singular)
malartz (nominative singular)
malart (nominative plural)


mallart

mallart oblique singular, m (oblique plural mallarz or mallartz, nominative singular mallarz or mallartz, nominative plural mallart)

mallart oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mallarz (oblique plural)
mallartz (oblique plural)
mallarz (nominative singular)
mallartz (nominative singular)
mallart (nominative plural)

desc

→ Middle English: malard, mawlard, mawdelard

English: mallard

From masle (“male”) + -art, possibly through or influenced by Medieval Latin mallardus.


loirre

fro-noun

loirre oblique singular, m (oblique plural loirres, nominative singular loirres, nominative plural loirre)

loirre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
loirres (oblique plural)
loirres (nominative singular)
loirre (nominative plural)

French: leurre

Se le faulcon vient au loirre


logike

logike oblique singular, f (oblique plural logikes, nominative singular logike, nominative plural logikes)

logike oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
logikes (oblique plural)
logike (nominative singular)
logikes (nominative plural)

→ English: logic

French: logique


gleve

gleve oblique singular, m (oblique plural gleves, nominative singular gleves, nominative plural gleve)

gleve oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gleves (oblique plural)
gleves (nominative singular)
gleve (nominative plural)


lisiere

lisiere oblique singular, f (oblique plural lisieres, nominative singular lisiere, nominative plural lisieres)

lisiere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lisieres (oblique plural)
lisiere (nominative singular)
lisieres (nominative plural)

French: lisière


lepart

lepart oblique singular, m (oblique plural leparz or lepartz, nominative singular leparz or lepartz, nominative plural lepart)

lepart oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
leparz (oblique plural)
lepartz (oblique plural)
leparz (nominative singular)
lepartz (nominative singular)
lepart (nominative plural)

→ English: leopard


linçuel

linçuel oblique singular, m (oblique plural linçueus or linçuex or linçuels, nominative singular linçueus or linçuex or linçuels, nominative plural linçuel)

linçuel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
linçueus (oblique plural)
linçuex (oblique plural)
linçuels (oblique plural)
linçueus (nominative singular)
linçuex (nominative singular)
linçuels (nominative singular)
linçuel (nominative plural)

French: linceul


lavandiere

lavandiere oblique singular, f (oblique plural lavandieres, nominative singular lavandiere, nominative plural lavandieres)

lavandiere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lavandieres (oblique plural)
lavandiere (nominative singular)
lavandieres (nominative plural)

→ English: launder


lancete

lancete oblique singular, f (oblique plural lancetes, nominative singular lancete, nominative plural lancetes)

lancete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lancetes (oblique plural)
lancete (nominative singular)
lancetes (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: launcet, lancet, lancete, lancette, launcette, launset, launsette, lawncet, lawnset, lonset
English: lancet


lymon

fro-noun

lymon oblique singular, m (oblique plural lymons, nominative singular lymons, nominative plural lymon)

lymon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lymons (oblique plural)
lymons (nominative singular)
lymon (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: lymon
English: lemon
Scots: leemon

From Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn), from Persian لیمو (limu).


juiu

fro-noun

juiu oblique singular, m (oblique plural juius, nominative singular juius, nominative plural juiu)

juiu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
juius (oblique plural)
juius (nominative singular)
juiu (nominative plural)


javelline

javelline oblique singular, f (oblique plural javellines, nominative singular javelline, nominative plural javellines)

javelline oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
javellines (oblique plural)
javelline (nominative singular)
javellines (nominative plural)

→ English: javelin

desctree

Middle French: javeline
French: javeline
→ Catalan: javelina

From javelot with substitution of suffix.

a type of long, thin, spear used as a weapon


heresie

fro-noun

heresie oblique singular, f (oblique plural heresies, nominative singular heresie, nominative plural heresies)

heresie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
heresies (oblique plural)
heresie (nominative singular)
heresies (nominative plural)


hourt

hourt oblique singular, m (oblique plural hourz or hourtz, nominative singular hourz or hourtz, nominative plural hourt)

hourt oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hourz (oblique plural)
hourtz (oblique plural)
hourz (nominative singular)
hourtz (nominative singular)
hourt (nominative plural)

→ English: hoarding

French: hourd


husbondrie

husbondrie oblique singular, f (nominative singular husbondrie)

husbondrie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
husbondrie (nominative singular)

Ultimately Old Norse húsbóndi + -erie, perhaps via Old or Middle English.


huese

huese oblique singular, f (oblique plural hueses, nominative singular huese, nominative plural hueses)

huese oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
hueses (oblique plural)
huese (nominative singular)
hueses (nominative plural)

Middle French: heuse

→ Middle English: house, houce


pommes d'orenge

pomme d'orenge
pomme d'orenge#Old_French

oblique/nominative plural of pomme d'orenge


influance

influance oblique singular, f (oblique plural influances, nominative singular influance, nominative plural influances)

influance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
influances (oblique plural)
influance (nominative singular)
influances (nominative plural)


incredulité

incredulité oblique singular, f (oblique plural incredulitez, nominative singular incredulité, nominative plural incredulitez)

incredulité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
incredulitez (oblique plural)
incredulité (nominative singular)
incredulitez (nominative plural)

→ English: incredulity

French: incrédulité

Borrowed from Late Latin incredulitas, from Latin incredulus.

incredulity (lack of faith; lack of belief)


gowne

gowne oblique singular, m (oblique plural gownes, nominative singular gownes, nominative plural gowne)

gowne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gownes (oblique plural)
gownes (nominative singular)
gowne (nominative plural)


butiller

butiller oblique singular, m (oblique plural butillers, nominative singular butillers, nominative plural butiller)

butiller oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
butillers (oblique plural)
butillers (nominative singular)
butiller (nominative plural)

French: boutillier

French: Boutillier (family name; almost only in Europe)

French: Bouthillier (family name; almost only in Québec)

desctree

→ Middle English: boteler, butler, butlere, botelere, botyler
English: Boteler, butler


guespe

fro-noun

guespe oblique singular, f (oblique plural guespes, nominative singular guespe, nominative plural guespes)

guespe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guespes (oblique plural)
guespe (nominative singular)
guespes (nominative plural)

Middle French: guespe
French: guêpe

Norman: vêpre

Picard: wêpe

Walloon: wesse

From a conflation of Latin vespa and Frankish *wapsu, *wepsu (“wasp”), from Proto-Germanic *wapsō, *wepsō (“wasp”), both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wops-éh₂, from *wóps.


bolengier

bolengier oblique singular, m (oblique plural bolengiers, nominative singular bolengiers, nominative plural bolengier)

bolengier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bolengiers (oblique plural)
bolengiers (nominative singular)
bolengier (nominative plural)
bolengiers (masculine singular subjective)
bolengiere (feminine singular subjective)
bolengier (masculine oblique singular)
bolengiere (feminine oblique singular)
bolengier (masculine plural subjective)
bolengieres (feminine plural subjective)
bolengiers (masculine oblique plural)
bolengieres (feminine oblique plural)

Gallo: boulangier

Middle French: boulanger

French: boulanger

Norman: boulandgi (Jèrriais)

Walloon: boledjî


perdiciun

perdiciun oblique singular, f (oblique plural perdiciuns, nominative singular perdiciun, nominative plural perdiciuns)

perdiciun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
perdiciuns (oblique plural)
perdiciun (nominative singular)
perdiciuns (nominative plural)

→ English: perdition

French: perdition

Borrowed from Late Latin perditiō, perditiōnem, from Latin perdō.

(Christianity) the loss of one's soul, often to Satan


baviere

baviere oblique singular, f (oblique plural bavieres, nominative singular baviere, nominative plural bavieres)

baviere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bavieres (oblique plural)
baviere (nominative singular)
bavieres (nominative plural)

French: bavière

→ Italian: baviera

desctree

→ Middle English: baviere, bavier, bavoure
English: bevor, bever, beaver

bib (protective covering worn by a small child)


bescuit

fro-noun

bescuit oblique singular, m (oblique plural bescuiz or bescuitz, nominative singular bescuiz or bescuitz, nominative plural bescuit)

bescuit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bescuiz (oblique plural)
bescuitz (oblique plural)
bescuiz (nominative singular)
bescuitz (nominative singular)
bescuit (nominative plural)

French: biscuit (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Middle English: bisquyte, bysquyte, besquite, byscute, bisquit, byscocte
English: biscuit (see there for further descendants)
>? Yola: busk

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin biscoctus (literally “twice baked”).


basile

fro-noun

basile oblique singular, m (oblique plural basiles, nominative singular basiles, nominative plural basile)

basile oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
basiles (oblique plural)
basiles (nominative singular)
basile (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: basile

English: basil
→ Indonesian: basil


guerredon

guerredon oblique singular, m (oblique plural guerredons, nominative singular guerredons, nominative plural guerredon)

guerredon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guerredons (oblique plural)
guerredons (nominative singular)
guerredon (nominative plural)

English: guerdon

Medieval Latin widerdonum, from West Germanic ( > Old English wiþerlēan), literally ‘again-payment’, with the second element assimilated to Latin donum (“gift”).


gramaire

gramaire oblique singular, f (oblique plural gramaires, nominative singular gramaire, nominative plural gramaires)

gramaire oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gramaires (oblique plural)
gramaire (nominative singular)
gramaires (nominative plural)

desctree

French: grammaire, grimoire
→ Turkish: gramer
→ Catalan: grimori
→ English: grimoire
→ Italian: grimorio
→ Portuguese: grimório
→ Spanish: grimorio

desc

→ Middle Dutch: gramarie, grammarie, gramerie

desctree

→ Middle English: gramere, grameer, gramer, grammer, grammere, gramour, gramowre
English: grammar
Scots: grammar; glamour
→ English: glamour, glamor (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: gramarie, gramary, gramery, grammarie, gramory, grammory
English: gramarye, grammary, gramary
→ Scots: gramarye, gramarie
Scots: glamourie (now literary)
→ English: glamoury, glamourie (obsolete)

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin grammatica, from the adjective grammaticus < Ancient Greek γραμματικός (grammatikós, “knowing how to read and write”).


goitron

fro-noun

goitron oblique singular, m (oblique plural goitrons, nominative singular goitrons, nominative plural goitron)

goitron oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
goitrons (oblique plural)
goitrons (nominative singular)
goitron (nominative plural)

English: goitre (uncertain)

French: goitre, goître (uncertain)

From Vulgar Latin *gutturiō, gutturiōnem, from Latin guttur.


gresle

gresle oblique singular, f (oblique plural gresles, nominative singular gresle, nominative plural gresles)

gresle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gresles (oblique plural)
gresle (nominative singular)
gresles (nominative plural)

French: grêle

Norman: grile (Jersey)


gresle

gresle oblique singular, m (oblique plural gresles, nominative singular gresles, nominative plural gresle)

gresle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gresles (oblique plural)
gresles (nominative singular)
gresle (nominative plural)


gouvreneur

gouvreneur oblique singular, m (oblique plural gouvreneurs, nominative singular gouvreneurs, nominative plural gouvreneur)

gouvreneur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gouvreneurs (oblique plural)
gouvreneurs (nominative singular)
gouvreneur (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: gouverneur
French: gouverneur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Dutch: gouverneur
Dutch: gouverneur
Afrikaans: goewerneur
Negerhollands: guwerneer
→ Lokono: gouverneur
→ Indonesian: gubernur
Limburgish: goevernäör
→ German: Gouverneur

Norman: gouvernaeux, gouverneux (Guernsey), gouvèrneux (Jersey)

Walloon: gouverneûr

→ Middle English: governour, governor, governoure, governowre, governur
English: governor (see there for further descendants)
Scots: governour
Yola: governere


fitz

fro-noun

fitz oblique singular, m (oblique plural fitz, nominative singular fitz, nominative plural fitz)

fitz oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fitz (oblique plural)
fitz (nominative singular)
fitz (nominative plural)

→ Anglo-Norman: fitz

English: Fitz-


gobellet

gobellet oblique singular, m (oblique plural gobellez or gobelletz, nominative singular gobellez or gobelletz, nominative plural gobellet)

gobellet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gobellez (oblique plural)
gobelletz (oblique plural)
gobellez (nominative singular)
gobelletz (nominative singular)
gobellet (nominative plural)


gesier

gesier oblique singular, m (oblique plural gesiers, nominative singular gesiers, nominative plural gesier)

gesier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gesiers (oblique plural)
gesiers (nominative singular)
gesier (nominative plural)

→ English: gizzard

French: gésier

From Latin gigērium, going through the same dissimilative process as Latin gingīva > French gencive


gerfault

gerfault oblique singular, m (oblique plural gerfaulz or gerfaultz, nominative singular gerfaulz or gerfaultz, nominative plural gerfault)

gerfault oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gerfaulz (oblique plural)
gerfaultz (oblique plural)
gerfaulz (nominative singular)
gerfaultz (nominative singular)
gerfault (nominative plural)

French: gerfaut

→ Old Italian: girifalco

→ Spanish: gerifalte


girfaut

girfaut oblique singular, m (oblique plural girfauz or girfautz, nominative singular girfauz or girfautz, nominative plural girfaut)

girfaut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
girfauz (oblique plural)
girfautz (oblique plural)
girfauz (nominative singular)
girfautz (nominative singular)
girfaut (nominative plural)

La sisisme ligne est sourpoins. Cist est molt grans, et resemble aigle blanche, mais des oilz et des eles et dou bec est il semblables au girfaut

1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “De tous Faucons [On all falcons]” (chapter 150), Book 5, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 203:

The sixth kind [of falcon] is the saker. It is very large, and resembles the white eagle; but in the eyes, and in the wings, and in the beak, it is similar to the gyrfalcon


guastine

guastine oblique singular, f (oblique plural guastines, nominative singular guastine, nominative plural guastines)

guastine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guastines (oblique plural)
guastine (nominative singular)
guastines (nominative plural)


galingal

galingal oblique singular, m (oblique plural galingaus or galingax or galingals, nominative singular galingaus or galingax or galingals, nominative plural galingal)

galingal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
galingaus (oblique plural)
galingax (oblique plural)
galingals (oblique plural)
galingaus (nominative singular)
galingax (nominative singular)
galingals (nominative singular)
galingal (nominative plural)


gastine

gastine oblique singular, f (oblique plural gastines, nominative singular gastine, nominative plural gastines)

gastine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gastines (oblique plural)
gastine (nominative singular)
gastines (nominative plural)

Middle French: gastine

French: gâtine

desc

→ Middle English: wastyne, wastayne, wastene, wasteyn, wasteyne, wastin, wastine

Inherited from Medieval Latin wastīna, from Frankish *wōstini; equivalent to gast + -ine.


leice

fro-noun

leice oblique singular, m (oblique plural leices, nominative singular leices, nominative plural leice)

leice oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
leices (oblique plural)
leices (nominative singular)
leice (nominative plural)

From Latin laetitia (“great joy; pleasure”).


acciun

acciun oblique singular, f (oblique plural acciuns, nominative singular acciun, nominative plural acciuns)

acciun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
acciuns (oblique plural)
acciun (nominative singular)
acciuns (nominative plural)


aucion

aucion oblique singular, f (oblique plural aucions, nominative singular aucion, nominative plural aucions)

aucion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
aucions (oblique plural)
aucion (nominative singular)
aucions (nominative plural)

Middle French: action
French: action

desctree

→ Middle English: accion, accioun, accyon, accyoune, acsyon, action, actioun
English: action
→ Arabic: أَكْشِن (ʔakšin)
→ Bulgarian: екшън (ekšǎn)
→ German: Action
→ Irish: aicsean
→ Hebrew: אקשן (akshn)
→ Japanese: アクション (akushon)
→ Korean: 액션 (aeksyeon)
→ Russian: экшн (ekšn)
Scots: action


ventuse

fro-noun

ventuse oblique singular, f (oblique plural ventuses, nominative singular ventuse, nominative plural ventuses)

ventuse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ventuses (oblique plural)
ventuse (nominative singular)
ventuses (nominative plural)

Middle French: ventouse

French: ventouse

English: ventouse


estain

estain oblique singular, m (oblique plural estainz, nominative singular estainz, nominative plural estain)

estain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
estainz (oblique plural)
estainz (nominative singular)
estain (nominative plural)

Breton: staen

Middle French: estain

French: étain

From Latin stannum, stagnum, of Celtic origin.


vilenie

vilenie oblique singular, f (oblique plural vilenies, nominative singular vilenie, nominative plural vilenies)

vilenie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vilenies (oblique plural)
vilenie (nominative singular)
vilenies (nominative plural)


frait

frait oblique singular, m (oblique plural fraiz or fraitz, nominative singular fraiz or fraitz, nominative plural frait)

frait oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fraiz (oblique plural)
fraitz (oblique plural)
fraiz (nominative singular)
fraitz (nominative singular)
frait (nominative plural)


frenge

frenge oblique singular, f (oblique plural frenges, nominative singular frenge, nominative plural frenges)

frenge oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
frenges (oblique plural)
frenge (nominative singular)
frenges (nominative plural)

desctree

French: frange
→ Catalan: franja
→ Italian: frangia
→ Portuguese: franja
→ Spanish: franja

Norman: frange

→ Middle Dutch: fringe, frange, fraenge

Dutch: franje
→ Sranan Tongo: franya
→ Saramaccan: faándja

→ Middle High German: franze

German: Franse

→ Middle English: frenge, frang
English: fringe
Scots: freenge

→ Sicilian: frinza

From Vulgar Latin *frimbia, metathesis of Late Latin fimbria, from Latin fimbriae.


fourage

fro-noun

fourage oblique singular, m (oblique plural fourages, nominative singular fourages, nominative plural fourage)

fourage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fourages (oblique plural)
fourages (nominative singular)
fourage (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: fourage
French: fourrage
→ Galician: forraxe
→ German: Furage, Fourage
→ Italian: foraggio
→ Portuguese: forragem
→ Romanian: furaj
→ Russian: фураж (furaž)
→ Spanish: forraje

Norman: fouôrrage

→ Middle English: forage, fforage
English: forage


fontenelle

fro-noun

fontenelle oblique singular, f (oblique plural fontenelles, nominative singular fontenelle, nominative plural fontenelles)

fontenelle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fontenelles (oblique plural)
fontenelle (nominative singular)
fontenelles (nominative plural)

English: fontanelle

French: fontanelle


foisil

foisil oblique singular, m (oblique plural foisiz or foisilz, nominative singular foisiz or foisilz, nominative plural foisil)

foisil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
foisiz (oblique plural)
foisilz (oblique plural)
foisiz (nominative singular)
foisilz (nominative singular)
foisil (nominative plural)

French: fusil

From Vulgar Latin *focīlis (petra), from Latin focus.

flint (piece of flint, such as a gunflint, used to produce a spark)