estencele

estencele oblique singular, f (oblique plural estenceles, nominative singular estencele, nominative plural estenceles)

estencele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
estenceles (oblique plural)
estencele (nominative singular)
estenceles (nominative plural)

French: étincelle


veie

fro-noun

veie oblique singular, f (oblique plural veies, nominative singular veie, nominative plural veies)

veie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
veies (oblique plural)
veie (nominative singular)
veies (nominative plural)

A la veie se mistrent


bealté

bealté oblique singular, f (oblique plural bealtez, nominative singular bealté, nominative plural bealtez)

bealté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bealtez (oblique plural)
bealté (nominative singular)
bealtez (nominative plural)

[Elle] valt mielz de vus, dame reïne
de cors, de vis e de bealté,
d'enseignement e de bunté.

[She] is worth more than you, Your Majesty
in body, in her face, in beauty
in education and in goodness.


bunté

bunté oblique singular, f (oblique plural buntez, nominative singular bunté, nominative plural buntez)

bunté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
buntez (oblique plural)
bunté (nominative singular)
buntez (nominative plural)

French: bonté

desctree

→ Middle English: bounte, bonte, bunte, bountie
English: bounty

valt mielz de vus, dame reïne
de cors, de vis e de bealté,
d'enseignement e de bunté.


jugemenz

inflection of jugement:
nominative singular


estrif

fro-noun

estrif oblique singular, m (oblique plural estris, nominative singular estris, nominative plural estrif)

estrif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
estris (oblique plural)
estris (nominative singular)
estrif (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: strif
English: strife

From Frankish *strīban, or deriving from an alteration of estrit, from Frankish *strīd (“quarrel”), and influenced by the aforementioned verb, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *strīdaną.


deshonur

deshonur oblique singular, m (oblique plural deshonurs, nominative singular deshonurs, nominative plural deshonur)

deshonur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
deshonurs (oblique plural)
deshonurs (nominative singular)
deshonur (nominative plural)

→ English: dishonor, dishonour


palefrei

palefrei oblique singular, m (oblique plural palefreis, nominative singular palefreis, nominative plural palefrei)

palefrei oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
palefreis (oblique plural)
palefreis (nominative singular)
palefrei (nominative plural)

(especially Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of palefreid


sufrance

sufrance oblique singular, f (oblique plural sufrances, nominative singular sufrance, nominative plural sufrances)

sufrance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sufrances (oblique plural)
sufrance (nominative singular)
sufrances (nominative plural)

English: sufferance

French: souffrance


medecine

medecine oblique singular, f (oblique plural medecines, nominative singular medecine, nominative plural medecines)

medecine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
medecines (oblique plural)
medecine (nominative singular)
medecines (nominative plural)

Middle French: medicine

French: médecine

→ English: medicine

Borrowed from Latin medicina. Eventually replaced the inherited form mecine.

medicine; remedy; medical treatment of some form


beivre

beivre oblique singular, m (oblique plural beivres, nominative singular beivres, nominative plural beivre)

beivre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
beivres (oblique plural)
beivres (nominative singular)
beivre (nominative plural)

El beivre fud la nostre mort

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 204, line 2645:


plur

plur oblique singular, m (oblique plural plurs, nominative singular plurs, nominative plural plur)

plur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plural plurs (oblique)
plurs (nominative singular)
plural plur (nominative)


suspir

suspir oblique singular, m (oblique plural suspirs, nominative singular suspirs, nominative plural suspir)

suspir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
suspirs (oblique plural)
suspirs (nominative singular)
suspir (nominative plural)


lerme

lerme oblique singular, f (oblique plural lermes, nominative singular lerme, nominative plural lermes)

lerme oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lermes (oblique plural)
lerme (nominative singular)
lermes (nominative plural)

French: larme

tear (drop of liquid produced while crying)


edage

edage oblique singular, m (oblique plural edages, nominative singular edages, nominative plural edage)

edage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
edages (oblique plural)
edages (nominative singular)
edage (nominative plural)


suspeçun

suspeçun oblique singular, f (oblique plural suspeçuns, nominative singular suspeçun, nominative plural suspeçuns)

suspeçun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
suspeçuns (oblique plural)
suspeçun (nominative singular)
suspeçuns (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of sospeçon


pecheür

pecheür oblique singular, m (oblique plural pecheürs, nominative singular pecheürs, nominative plural pecheür)

pecheür oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pecheürs (oblique plural)
pecheürs (nominative singular)
pecheür (nominative plural)


pume

pume oblique singular, f (oblique plural pumes, nominative singular pume, nominative plural pumes)

pume oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pumes (oblique plural)
pume (nominative singular)
pumes (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of pome.


flum

flum oblique singular, m (oblique plural fluns, nominative singular fluns, nominative plural flum)

flum oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fluns (oblique plural)
fluns (nominative singular)
flum (nominative plural)

Middle French: flum

desctree

→ Middle English: flum, flim, flom, flomme, floum, flowm, flym, flumm (Ormulum)
English: flume
Middle Scots: flum, flume

[…] il fu el flum d'enfern plungiez!


creatur

fro-noun

creatur oblique singular, m (oblique plural creaturs, nominative singular creaturs, nominative plural creatur)

creatur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
creaturs (oblique plural)
creaturs (nominative singular)
creatur (nominative plural)

Middle French: createur

French: créateur

1958, The French Text of the Ancrene Riwle (based on the Cambridge manuscript, circa 1300)

For what comparison is there between the creator and his creature?

Kar quele compareison est entre le creatour e sa creature?


descension

descension oblique singular, f (oblique plural descensions, nominative singular descension, nominative plural descensions)

descension oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
descensions (oblique plural)
descension (nominative singular)
descensions (nominative plural)

→ English: descension

Borrowed from Latin dēscēnsiō, dēscēnsiōnem.


austic

Borrowed from Old Breton [Term?], coined by Marie de France.


bacheler

bacheler oblique singular, m (oblique plural bachelers, nominative singular bachelers, nominative plural bacheler)

bacheler oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bachelers (oblique plural)
bachelers (nominative singular)
bacheler (nominative plural)

Middle French: bacheler

French: bachelier

desctree

→ Middle English: bacheler
English: bachelor

→ Portuguese: bacharel

li bachelers li respundi


Engleis

fro-noun

Engleis oblique singular, m (oblique plural Engleis, nominative singular Engleis, nominative plural Engleis)

Engleis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Engleis (oblique plural)
Engleis (nominative singular)
Engleis (nominative plural)
Engleis (masculine singular subjective)
Engleise (feminine singular subjective)
Engleis (masculine oblique singular)
Engleise (feminine oblique singular)
Engleis (masculine plural subjective)
Engleises (feminine plural subjective)
Engleis (masculine oblique plural)
Engleises (feminine oblique plural)


custume

custume oblique singular, f (oblique plural custumes, nominative singular custume, nominative plural custumes)

custume oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
custumes (oblique plural)
custume (nominative singular)
custumes (nominative plural)

PIE word
 *ḱóm
 PIE word
 *swé
From coustume, from Vulgar Latin *cōnsuētūmen or *costūmen, from Latin cōnsuētūdinem, accusative singular of cōnsuētūdō (“custom, habit”), from cōnsuēscō (“accustom, habituate”), from con- (“with”) + suēscō (“become used or accustomed to”). First element con- derives from cum, from Old Latin com, from Proto-Italic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, along”). Second element suēscō is from Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰh₁-sk-, from *swé (“self”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”); related to Latin suus (“one's own, his own”).

der

[…] il i alast od ses amis, a la custume del païs

He went there with his friends, according to the traditions of the land


volunté

fro-noun

volunté oblique singular, f (oblique plural voluntez, nominative singular volunté, nominative plural voluntez)

volunté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
voluntez (oblique plural)
volunté (nominative singular)
voluntez (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: volunté
French: volonté
Antillean Creole: volonté

Inherited from Latin voluntās, voluntātem.


cultel

fro-noun

cultel oblique singular, m (oblique plural culteaus or culteax or cultiaus or cultiax or cultels, nominative singular culteaus or culteax or cultiaus or cultiax or cultels, nominative plural cultel)

cultel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
culteaus (oblique plural)
culteax (oblique plural)
cultiaus (oblique plural)
cultiax (oblique plural)
cultels (oblique plural)
culteaus (nominative singular)
culteax (nominative singular)
cultiaus (nominative singular)
cultiax (nominative singular)
cultels (nominative singular)
cultel (nominative plural)


chaitivel

Coined by Marie de France, from chaitive, feminine chaitif (“wretch”) + -el (diminutive suffix)

(nonce word) wretch; wretched, miserable person


burc

burc oblique singular, m (oblique plural burs, nominative singular burs, nominative plural burc)

burc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
burs (oblique plural)
burs (nominative singular)
burc (nominative plural)

Middle French: bourg, bourc

French: bourg

Bourguignon: bôrg

Norman: bourg

Of Germanic origin, from Frankish *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz, cognate with English borough and burg. Probably from Frankish, or through a Late Latin intermediate burgus.


guaain

guaain oblique singular, m (oblique plural guaainz, nominative singular guaainz, nominative plural guaain)

guaain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guaainz (oblique plural)
guaainz (nominative singular)
guaain (nominative plural)


esfrei

esfrei oblique singular, m (oblique plural esfreis, nominative singular esfreis, nominative plural esfrei)

esfrei oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
esfreis (oblique plural)
esfreis (nominative singular)
esfrei (nominative plural)

Ke mult estes en grant esfrei


moigne

moigne oblique singular, m (oblique plural moignes, nominative singular moignes, nominative plural moigne)

moigne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
moignes (oblique plural)
moignes (nominative singular)
moigne (nominative plural)


lungur

lungur oblique singular, f (oblique plural lungurs, nominative singular lungur, nominative plural lungurs)

lungur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lungurs (oblique plural)
lungur (nominative singular)
lungurs (nominative plural)


furmage

furmage oblique singular, m (oblique plural furmages, nominative singular furmages, nominative plural furmage)

furmage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
furmages (oblique plural)
furmages (nominative singular)
furmage (nominative plural)


gupil

gupil oblique singular, m (oblique plural gupiz or gupilz, nominative singular gupiz or gupilz, nominative plural gupil)

gupil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gupiz (oblique plural)
gupilz (oblique plural)
gupiz (nominative singular)
gupilz (nominative singular)
gupil (nominative plural)


aignel

aignel oblique singular, m (oblique plural aigneaus or aigneax or aigniaus or aigniax or aignels, nominative singular aigneaus or aigneax or aigniaus or aigniax or aignels, nominative plural aignel)

aignel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aigneaus (oblique plural)
aigneax (oblique plural)
aigniaus (oblique plural)
aigniax (oblique plural)
aignels (oblique plural)
aigneaus (nominative singular)
aigneax (nominative singular)
aigniaus (nominative singular)
aigniax (nominative singular)
aignels (nominative singular)
aignel (nominative plural)

Champenois: agné

French: agneau

Norman: angné

From Latin agnellus, possibly an early borrowing.


grandur

grandur oblique singular, f (oblique plural grandurs, nominative singular grandur, nominative plural grandurs)

grandur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
grandurs (oblique plural)
grandur (nominative singular)
grandurs (nominative plural)

Middle French: grandeur

French: grandeur

Walloon: grandeur

→ English: grandeur


turment

turment oblique singular, m (oblique plural turmenz or turmentz, nominative singular turmenz or turmentz, nominative plural turment)

turment oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
turmenz (oblique plural)
turmentz (oblique plural)
turmenz (nominative singular)
turmentz (nominative singular)
turment (nominative plural)


vadlet

vadlet oblique singular, m (oblique plural vadlez or vadletz, nominative singular vadlez or vadletz, nominative plural vadlet)

vadlet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vadlez (oblique plural)
vadletz (oblique plural)
vadlez (nominative singular)
vadletz (nominative singular)
vadlet (nominative plural)


curtesie

curtesie oblique singular, f (oblique plural curtesies, nominative singular curtesie, nominative plural curtesies)

curtesie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
curtesies (oblique plural)
curtesie (nominative singular)
curtesies (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: curteisie
English: courtesy, curtsey
Scots: curchy


seson

fro-noun

seson oblique singular, f (oblique plural sesons, nominative singular seson, nominative plural sesons)

seson oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sesons (oblique plural)
seson (nominative singular)
sesons (nominative plural)


venerie

venerie oblique singular, f (nominative singular venerie)

venerie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
venerie (nominative singular)

desctree

→ Middle English: venerie
English: venery

From the verb vener, from Latin venor (“I hunt”).


renoun

fro-noun

renoun oblique singular, m (oblique plural renouns, nominative singular renouns, nominative plural renoun)

renoun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
renouns (oblique plural)
renouns (nominative singular)
renoun (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: renoun

English: renown


decret

decret oblique singular, m (oblique plural decrez or decretz, nominative singular decrez or decretz, nominative plural decret)

decret oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
decrez (oblique plural)
decretz (oblique plural)
decrez (nominative singular)
decretz (nominative singular)
decret (nominative plural)


livere

livere oblique singular, m (oblique plural liveres, nominative singular liveres, nominative plural livere)

livere oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
liveres (oblique plural)
liveres (nominative singular)
livere (nominative plural)

French: livre


doctour

doctour oblique singular, m (oblique plural doctours, nominative singular doctours, nominative plural doctour)

doctour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
doctours (oblique plural)
doctours (nominative singular)
doctour (nominative plural)

(late Anglo-Norman) Alternative spelling of doctur


religioun

religioun oblique singular, f (oblique plural religiouns, nominative singular religioun, nominative plural religiouns)

religioun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
religiouns (oblique plural)
religioun (nominative singular)
religiouns (nominative plural)


daunce

daunce oblique singular, f (oblique plural daunces, nominative singular daunce, nominative plural daunces)

daunce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
daunces (oblique plural)
daunce (nominative singular)
daunces (nominative plural)


daunger

daunger oblique singular, m (oblique plural daungers, nominative singular daungers, nominative plural daunger)

daunger oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
daungers (oblique plural)
daungers (nominative singular)
daunger (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Late Anglo-Norman spelling of dangier


vitaille

vitaille oblique singular, f (oblique plural vitailles, nominative singular vitaille, nominative plural vitailles)

vitaille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vitailles (oblique plural)
vitaille (nominative singular)
vitailles (nominative plural)

Middle English: vitaille

English: victual

Latin victuālia, the nominative plural of victuālis, from victus, from the verb vīvō (“I live”).

(chiefly in the plural) Alternative form of vitaile


viage

viage oblique singular, m (oblique plural viages, nominative singular viages, nominative plural viage)

viage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
viages (oblique plural)
viages (nominative singular)
viage (nominative plural)

prist soun viage devers Gascoigne par assignement del counseil nostre seignur le roy


escuage

escuage oblique singular, m (oblique plural escuages, nominative singular escuages, nominative plural escuage)

escuage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escuages (oblique plural)
escuages (nominative singular)
escuage (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: scuage, skuage, skwage
English: escuage (restored from the etymon)

Either from escu (“shield”) + -age, or escuer (“to evade”) + -age.


prisoun

fro-noun

prisoun oblique singular, f (oblique plural prisouns, nominative singular prisoun, nominative plural prisouns)

prisoun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
prisouns (oblique plural)
prisoun (nominative singular)
prisouns (nominative plural)

William fuist aresté et a prisoun del Countour amesné

William was arrested and taken to the prison of the sheriff


prisun

prisun oblique singular, f (oblique plural prisuns, nominative singular prisun, nominative plural prisuns)

prisun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
prisuns (oblique plural)
prisun (nominative singular)
prisuns (nominative plural)

Li quens del Mans ert en prisun, Doner voleit grant reançun

The count of Man was in prison, Doner wanted a large ransom.


prisun

prisun oblique singular, m (oblique plural prisuns, nominative singular prisuns, nominative plural prisun)

prisun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
prisuns (oblique plural)
prisuns (nominative singular)
prisun (nominative plural)


desir

desir oblique singular, m (oblique plural desirs, nominative singular desirs, nominative plural desir)

desir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
desirs (oblique plural)
desirs (nominative singular)
desir (nominative plural)


enchantement

enchantement oblique singular, m (oblique plural enchantemenz or enchantementz, nominative singular enchantemenz or enchantementz, nominative plural enchantement)

enchantement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enchantemenz (oblique plural)
enchantementz (oblique plural)
enchantemenz (nominative singular)
enchantementz (nominative singular)
enchantement (nominative plural)

→ English: enchantment

Middle French: enchantement

French: enchantement

Et a la pierre de l’anel
Qu’il n’i a point d’anchantemant

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:

And [he sees] that in the stone of the ring
That there is no charm

charm (item with supposed magical powers)


truble

truble oblique singular, m (oblique plural trubles, nominative singular trubles, nominative plural truble)

truble oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
trubles (oblique plural)
trubles (nominative singular)
truble (nominative plural)


sohait

sohait oblique singular, m (oblique plural sohaiz or sohaitz, nominative singular sohaiz or sohaitz, nominative plural sohait)

sohait oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sohaiz (oblique plural)
sohaitz (oblique plural)
sohaiz (nominative singular)
sohaitz (nominative singular)
sohait (nominative plural)

French: souhait


venresdi

venresdi oblique singular, m (oblique plural venresdis, nominative singular venresdis, nominative plural venresdi)

venresdi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
venresdis (oblique plural)
venresdis (nominative singular)
venresdi (nominative plural)


chievre

chievre oblique singular, f (oblique plural chievres, nominative singular chievre, nominative plural chievres)

chievre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chievres (oblique plural)
chievre (nominative singular)
chievres (nominative plural)

Middle French: chevre

→ English: chèvre

French: chèvre

Norman: quièvre

Walloon: tchive


joelier

joelier oblique singular, m (oblique plural joeliers, nominative singular joeliers, nominative plural joelier)

joelier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
joeliers (oblique plural)
joeliers (nominative singular)
joelier (nominative plural)

→ English: jeweller

French: joaillier

Norman: jouailli


offens

offens oblique singular, m (oblique plural offens, nominative singular offens, nominative plural offens)

offens oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
offens (oblique plural)
offens (nominative singular)
offens (nominative plural)

→ English: offense

French: offense


aumosnier

aumosnier oblique singular, m (oblique plural aumosniers, nominative singular aumosniers, nominative plural aumosnier)

aumosnier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aumosniers (oblique plural)
aumosniers (nominative singular)
aumosnier (nominative plural)


prisonier

prisonier oblique singular, m (oblique plural prisoniers, nominative singular prisoniers, nominative plural prisonier)

prisonier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
prisoniers (oblique plural)
prisoniers (nominative singular)
prisonier (nominative plural)

→ English: prisoner

French: prisonnier

Norman: prisonnyi

→ Romanian: prizonier


sumunse

sumunse oblique singular, f (oblique plural sumunses, nominative singular sumunse, nominative plural sumunses)

sumunse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sumunses (oblique plural)
sumunse (nominative singular)
sumunses (nominative plural)

Et si il ne est truve en vile kant len comande fere la primere sumunse, nul ne soit li fet avant ke il vienge en vile […]

(Can we date this quote?), Ancient Consentudinary of the City of Winchester, cited in The Archaeological journal, Volume 9:

If he is not found in the town when the first summons is issued, nothing shall be done unto him before he comes to the town […]


poterie

poterie oblique singular, f (nominative singular poterie)

poterie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
poterie (nominative singular)


doubte

doubte oblique singular, f (oblique plural doubtes, nominative singular doubte, nominative plural doubtes)

doubte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
doubtes (oblique plural)
doubte (nominative singular)
doubtes (nominative plural)


sairement

sairement oblique singular, m (oblique plural sairemenz or sairementz, nominative singular sairemenz or sairementz, nominative plural sairement)

sairement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sairemenz (oblique plural)
sairementz (oblique plural)
sairemenz (nominative singular)
sairementz (nominative singular)
sairement (nominative plural)

Middle French: serement

French: serment

From early Old French sagrament, from Latin sacrāmentum. Doublet of sacrement.


emisphere

emisphere oblique singular, m (oblique plural emispheres, nominative singular emispheres, nominative plural emisphere)

emisphere oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
emispheres (oblique plural)
emispheres (nominative singular)
emisphere (nominative plural)


chapelain

chapelain oblique singular, m (oblique plural chapelainz, nominative singular chapelainz, nominative plural chapelain)

chapelain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chapelainz (oblique plural)
chapelainz (nominative singular)
chapelain (nominative plural)

French: chapelain

Norman: chap'lain

desctree

→ Middle English: chapeleyn
English: chaplain
Scots: chaplain

From Medieval Latin, Late Latin cappellānus.

Li rois son chapelain apele


aparence

fro-noun

aparence oblique singular, f (oblique plural aparences, nominative singular aparence, nominative plural aparences)

aparence oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
aparences (oblique plural)
aparence (nominative singular)
aparences (nominative plural)


aparance

aparance oblique singular, f (oblique plural aparances, nominative singular aparance, nominative plural aparances)

aparance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
aparances (oblique plural)
aparance (nominative singular)
aparances (nominative plural)


eschequier

eschequier oblique singular, m (oblique plural eschequiers, nominative singular eschequiers, nominative plural eschequier)

eschequier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
eschequiers (oblique plural)
eschequiers (nominative singular)
eschequier (nominative plural)


circonference

circonference oblique singular, f (oblique plural circonferences, nominative singular circonference, nominative plural circonferences)

circonference oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
circonferences (oblique plural)
circonference (nominative singular)
circonferences (nominative plural)

French: circonférence


destresce

destresce oblique singular, f (oblique plural destresces, nominative singular destresce, nominative plural destresces)

destresce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
destresces (oblique plural)
destresce (nominative singular)
destresces (nominative plural)

→ English: distress

French: détresse

Molt avra au couchier destresce

At bedtime, she felt a great deal of anguish


coler

coler oblique singular, m (oblique plural colers, nominative singular colers, nominative plural coler)

coler oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
colers (oblique plural)
colers (nominative singular)
coler (nominative plural)

French: collier

→ Middle English: coler

English: collar

Scots: collar

→ Middle Irish: coilér

Irish: coiléar

Scottish Gaelic: coilear

→ Welsh: coler

desc

→ Middle High German: kollier, collier, gollier

→ Polish: kołnierz (see there for further descendants)

From Late Latin collāre, from Latin collāris. Compare col.

Qu’il ne ronpe antor le coler

So that he doesn't break [it] around the collar


moneie

fro-noun

moneie oblique singular, f (oblique plural moneies, nominative singular moneie, nominative plural moneies)

moneie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
moneies (oblique plural)
moneie (nominative singular)
moneies (nominative plural)


pastaierie

pastaierie oblique singular, f (oblique plural pastaieries, nominative singular pastaierie, nominative plural pastaieries)

pastaierie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pastaieries (oblique plural)
pastaierie (nominative singular)
pastaieries (nominative plural)

→ English: pastry

La pastaierie de l'ostel sera baillie a ferme et mengera le pasteier a court tout seul (Ordin. de l'Ost le Roy, 1316)


monoie

monoie oblique singular, f (oblique plural monoies, nominative singular monoie, nominative plural monoies)

monoie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
monoies (oblique plural)
monoie (nominative singular)
monoies (nominative plural)

Middle French: monnoye, monnoie

French: monnaie

Poitevin-Saintongeais: mounàie

Norman: mounaie

Picard: monnouaie

→ Middle English: moneye (see there for further descendants)

→? Walloon: manoye

From earlier moneie, *moneide, inherited from Latin monēta.


forreure

forreure oblique singular, f (oblique plural forreures, nominative singular forreure, nominative plural forreures)

forreure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
forreures (oblique plural)
forreure (nominative singular)
forreures (nominative plural)

French: fourrure


quarrefor

quarrefor oblique singular, m (oblique plural quarrefors, nominative singular quarrefors, nominative plural quarrefor)

quarrefor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
quarrefors (oblique plural)
quarrefors (nominative singular)
quarrefor (nominative plural)

French: carrefour

Latin quādrifurcus, from quattuor (“four”) + furca (“fork”).

crossroads (point at which two roads meet)


toaille

toaille oblique singular, f (oblique plural toailles, nominative singular toaille, nominative plural toailles)

toaille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
toailles (oblique plural)
toaille (nominative singular)
toailles (nominative plural)

desc

Franc-Comtois: tiuaille, tiueille, tuâye, kyẅeyu

Middle French: touaille, toaille, touelle, tuaille

French: touaille

Picard: touaîye (Athois), duelle

desctree

→ Middle English: towayle, towaile, towelle, towell, towel, towail, towaille, tueil, touwayle, touel, twaile, tuell, touayl, touwayl, towayl, twayle, tawale, tewayll, toual, twaylle, towylle
English: towel (see there for further descendants)
Scots: toul, tool, tooel
→ Irish: tuáille

Early Medieval Latin toallia, from Frankish *þwahilu (“cloth”).

Li un ont les toailles prises

towel (cloth used for washing or drying)


nonbril

fro-noun

nonbril oblique singular, m (oblique plural nonbriz or nonbrilz, nominative singular nonbriz or nonbrilz, nominative plural nonbril)

nonbril oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nonbriz (oblique plural)
nonbrilz (oblique plural)
nonbriz (nominative singular)
nonbrilz (nominative singular)
nonbril (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: nombril
French: nombril
→ English: nombril

desc

Norman: nombrîn (Jersey), naombrin (Guernsey), nõmbri (Sark), oumbril

From Vulgar Latin *umbilīculus, from Latin umbilīcus. The initial n is probably due to interference from the indefinite article, un onbril → un nonbril.


murtre

fro-noun

murtre oblique singular, m (oblique plural murtres, nominative singular murtres, nominative plural murtre)

murtre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
murtres (oblique plural)
murtres (nominative singular)
murtre (nominative plural)

French: meurtre

Medieval Latin murdrum, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *murth, from Proto-Germanic *murþą.


resne

resne oblique singular, f (oblique plural resnes, nominative singular resne, nominative plural resnes)

resne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
resnes (oblique plural)
resne (nominative singular)
resnes (nominative plural)

French: rêne

→ English: rein

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin retina, ultimately from Latin retineō (“hold back”).


murtrier

fro-noun

murtrier oblique singular, m (oblique plural murtriers, nominative singular murtriers, nominative plural murtrier)

murtrier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
murtriers (oblique plural)
murtriers (nominative singular)
murtrier (nominative plural)

French: meurtrier

Norman: meurtriyi


espeir

espeir oblique singular, m (oblique plural espeirs, nominative singular espeirs, nominative plural espeir)

espeir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espeirs (oblique plural)
espeirs (nominative singular)
espeir (nominative plural)

Languist, atent la en sun lit,
En espeir est de sun venir

Waiting there, in her bed
Hoping for his arrival

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of espoir


espeier

espeier oblique singular, m (oblique plural espeiers, nominative singular espeiers, nominative plural espeier)

espeier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espeiers (oblique plural)
espeiers (nominative singular)
espeier (nominative plural)


escu

escu oblique singular, m (oblique plural escus, nominative singular escus, nominative plural escu)

escu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escus (oblique plural)
escus (nominative singular)
escu (nominative plural)


baneret

baneret oblique singular, m (oblique plural banerez or baneretz, nominative singular banerez or baneretz, nominative plural baneret)

baneret oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
banerez (oblique plural)
baneretz (oblique plural)
banerez (nominative singular)
baneretz (nominative singular)
baneret (nominative plural)


juelier

juelier oblique singular, m (oblique plural jueliers, nominative singular jueliers, nominative plural juelier)

juelier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jueliers (oblique plural)
jueliers (nominative singular)
juelier (nominative plural)


charrete

charrete oblique singular, f (oblique plural charretes, nominative singular charrete, nominative plural charretes)

charrete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
charretes (oblique plural)
charrete (nominative singular)
charretes (nominative plural)

→ English: charret

French: charrette


muce

muce oblique singular, f (oblique plural muces, nominative singular muce, nominative plural muces)

muce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
muces (oblique plural)
muce (nominative singular)
muces (nominative plural)


lacerte

lacerte oblique singular, m (oblique plural lacertes, nominative singular lacertes, nominative plural lacerte)

lacerte oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lacertes (oblique plural)
lacertes (nominative singular)
lacerte (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin lacertus (“lizard”). Compare muscle, and muscule, from the Latin for "small mouse".


archangele

archangele oblique singular, m (oblique plural archangeles, nominative singular archangeles, nominative plural archangele)

archangele oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
archangeles (oblique plural)
archangeles (nominative singular)
archangele (nominative plural)

French: archange


muscule

muscule oblique singular, f (oblique plural muscules, nominative singular muscule, nominative plural muscules)

muscule oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
muscules (oblique plural)
muscule (nominative singular)
muscules (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin muscule, as if from Latin *mūscula, though the actual nominative plural of mūsculus is mūsculī, not *mūscula.


adamante

adamante oblique singular, ? (oblique plural adamantes, nominative singular adamante, nominative plural adamantes)

adamante oblique singular (canonical)
adamantes (oblique plural)
adamante (nominative singular)
adamantes (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of adamant


horrour

horrour oblique singular, f (oblique plural horrours, nominative singular horrour, nominative plural horrours)

horrour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
horrours (oblique plural)
horrour (nominative singular)
horrours (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of horror


cemetire

cemetire oblique singular, m (oblique plural cemetires, nominative singular cemetires, nominative plural cemetire)

cemetire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cemetires (oblique plural)
cemetires (nominative singular)
cemetire (nominative plural)

English: cemetery

French: cimetière

Mes clos estoit tot anviron
li cemetires de haut mur

But the cemetery was enclosed all around
by high walls

cemetery (place where bodies are interred)


tonbe

tonbe oblique singular, f (oblique plural tonbes, nominative singular tonbe, nominative plural tonbes)

tonbe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tonbes (oblique plural)
tonbe (nominative singular)
tonbes (nominative plural)


escience

escience oblique singular, f (oblique plural esciences, nominative singular escience, nominative plural esciences)

escience oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
esciences (oblique plural)
escience (nominative singular)
esciences (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin scientia, from the verb scio (“I know”).


servage

servage oblique singular, m (oblique plural servages, nominative singular servages, nominative plural servage)

servage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
servages (oblique plural)
servages (nominative singular)
servage (nominative plural)

French: servage

→ Italian: servaggio

desctree

→ Middle English: servage, servayge, servege
English: servage


dubitation

fro-noun

dubitation oblique singular, f (oblique plural dubitations, nominative singular dubitation, nominative plural dubitations)

dubitation oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dubitations (oblique plural)
dubitation (nominative singular)
dubitations (nominative plural)

English: dubitation

Decy la seconde dubitacion se le lepre est maladie de tout le corps

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 183 of this essay:

From this, the second doubt over whether leprosy is a disease of all the body


cive

cive oblique singular, f (oblique plural cives, nominative singular cive, nominative plural cives)

cive oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cives (oblique plural)
cive (nominative singular)
cives (nominative plural)

French: cive

desctree

→ Middle English: cyve
English: chive
Scots: sye, sythe


freor

fro-noun

freor oblique singular, m (oblique plural freors, nominative singular freors, nominative plural freor)

freor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
freors (oblique plural)
freors (nominative singular)
freor (nominative plural)

French: frayeur


vantre

vantre oblique singular, m (oblique plural vantres, nominative singular vantres, nominative plural vantre)

vantre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vantres (oblique plural)
vantres (nominative singular)
vantre (nominative plural)

French: ventre


deslealté

deslealté oblique singular, f (oblique plural deslealtez, nominative singular deslealté, nominative plural deslealtez)

deslealté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
deslealtez (oblique plural)
deslealté (nominative singular)
deslealtez (nominative plural)


cirugïen

cirugïen oblique singular, m (oblique plural cirugïens, nominative singular cirugïens, nominative plural cirugïen)

cirugïen oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cirugïens (oblique plural)
cirugïens (nominative singular)
cirugïen (nominative plural)

Iluec fu uns cirugïens
Qui molt estoit boens crestïens

He was a surgeon
Who was a good Christian


prodome

prodome oblique singular, m (oblique plural prodomes, nominative singular prodom, nominative plural prodome)

prodome oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
prodomes (oblique plural)
prodom (nominative singular)
prodome (nominative plural)


nacion

nacion oblique singular, f (oblique plural nacions, nominative singular nacion, nominative plural nacions)

nacion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nacions (oblique plural)
nacion (nominative singular)
nacions (nominative plural)

Middle French: nation

French: nation

Haitian Creole: nasyon

→ Piedmontese: nassion

→ Middle Dutch: nacie

Dutch: natie

→ Middle English: nacioun

English: nation

→ Irish: náisiún

Borrowed from Latin nātiō, nātiōnem, ultimately from nāscor (“I am born”). Compare with naistre.


esclipse

esclipse oblique singular, m (oblique plural esclipses, nominative singular esclipses, nominative plural esclipse)

esclipse oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
esclipses (oblique plural)
esclipses (nominative singular)
esclipse (nominative plural)


complaignement

complaignement oblique singular, m (oblique plural complaignemenz or complaignementz, nominative singular complaignemenz or complaignementz, nominative plural complaignement)

complaignement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
complaignemenz (oblique plural)
complaignementz (oblique plural)
complaignemenz (nominative singular)
complaignementz (nominative singular)
complaignement (nominative plural)


passeor

passeor oblique singular, m (oblique plural passeors, nominative singular passeors, nominative plural passeor)

passeor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
passeors (oblique plural)
passeors (nominative singular)
passeor (nominative plural)


uis

uis oblique singular, m (oblique plural uis, nominative singular uis, nominative plural uis)

uis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
uis (oblique plural)
uis (nominative singular)
uis (nominative plural)


flueve

flueve oblique singular, f (oblique plural flueves, nominative singular flueve, nominative plural flueves)

flueve oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
flueves (oblique plural)
flueve (nominative singular)
flueves (nominative plural)


oignemant

oignemant oblique singular, m (oblique plural oignemanz or oignemantz, nominative singular oignemanz or oignemantz, nominative plural oignemant)

oignemant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oignemanz (oblique plural)
oignemantz (oblique plural)
oignemanz (nominative singular)
oignemantz (nominative singular)
oignemant (nominative plural)

→ English: ointment


tasque

tasque oblique singular, f (oblique plural tasques, nominative singular tasque, nominative plural tasques)

tasque oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tasques (oblique plural)
tasque (nominative singular)
tasques (nominative plural)


biere

biere oblique singular, f (oblique plural bieres, nominative singular biere, nominative plural bieres)

biere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bieres (oblique plural)
biere (nominative singular)
bieres (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: biere
French: bière
→ Abenaki: labial (from "la bière")
→ Khmer: ប៊ីយេរ (biiyɛɛ)
→ Lao: ເບຍ (bīa)
→ Sango: bîêre
→ Vietnamese: bia

Norman: biéthe

From Old Dutch *bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą. Alternatively, from Old High German bior, from the same Germanic source.


biere

Germanic borrowing, from Frankish *berō.


reconfort

fro-noun

reconfort oblique singular, m (oblique plural reconforz or reconfortz, nominative singular reconforz or reconfortz, nominative plural reconfort)

reconfort oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
reconforz (oblique plural)
reconfortz (oblique plural)
reconforz (nominative singular)
reconfortz (nominative singular)
reconfort (nominative plural)

comfort (something that provides comfort)


relique

relique oblique singular, f (oblique plural reliques, nominative singular relique, nominative plural reliques)

relique oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
reliques (oblique plural)
relique (nominative singular)
reliques (nominative plural)

French: relique

desctree

→ Middle English: relik, releck, relicke, relike, relyk, relyke, relique, relyque
English: relic

relic (ancient religious object, kept for veneration)


lanpe

fro-noun

lanpe oblique singular, f (oblique plural lanpes, nominative singular lanpe, nominative plural lanpes)

lanpe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lanpes (oblique plural)
lanpe (nominative singular)
lanpes (nominative plural)

→ English: lamp

French: lampe

lamp (box containing fire to provide light)


teile

teile oblique singular, f (oblique plural teiles, nominative singular teile, nominative plural teiles)

teile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
teiles (oblique plural)
teile (nominative singular)
teiles (nominative plural)


hautece

hautece oblique singular, f (oblique plural hauteces, nominative singular hautece, nominative plural hauteces)

hautece oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
hauteces (oblique plural)
hautece (nominative singular)
hauteces (nominative plural)


charpantier

charpantier oblique singular, m (oblique plural charpantiers, nominative singular charpantiers, nominative plural charpantier)

charpantier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
charpantiers (oblique plural)
charpantiers (nominative singular)
charpantier (nominative plural)

French: charpentier

q

through the Anglo-Norman form <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">carpentier</i>

→ English: carpenter (through the Anglo-Norman form carpentier)

From Late Latin carpentārius (“carpenter”), from Latin carpentārius (“wagon-maker, carriage-maker”).


charogne

fro-noun

charogne oblique singular, f (oblique plural charognes, nominative singular charogne, nominative plural charognes)

charogne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
charognes (oblique plural)
charogne (nominative singular)
charognes (nominative plural)

Angevin: charogne

Anglo-Norman: carogne

→ Middle English: crone

English: crone

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: chareugne

Franc-Comtois: charogne

French: charogne

Gallo: charingne

desc

Lorrain: chèragne, chèrogne, charoune, chorôn, tchéréye

Norman: carogne, quéroigne

Picard: carogne, carone

Poitevin-Saintongeais: charogne

Walloon: tcharogne

desctree

→ Middle English: caroyne
English: carrion
Scots: carrion


landie

fro-noun

landie oblique singular, f (oblique plural landies, nominative singular landie, nominative plural landies)

landie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
landies (oblique plural)
landie (nominative singular)
landies (nominative plural)

Inherited from Latin landīca (“clitoris”).


operacion

fro-noun

operacion oblique singular, f (oblique plural operacions, nominative singular operacion, nominative plural operacions)

operacion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
operacions (oblique plural)
operacion (nominative singular)
operacions (nominative plural)

Et quant nous veons que l’os est sain et la chair saine ne faison plus ceste operacion

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 190 of this essay:

And when we see that the bone is healthy and the flesh is healthy, we will stop this operation


naisance

naisance oblique singular, f (oblique plural naisances, nominative singular naisance, nominative plural naisances)

naisance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
naisances (oblique plural)
naisance (nominative singular)
naisances (nominative plural)


espirit

espirit oblique singular, m (oblique plural espiriz or espiritz, nominative singular espiriz or espiritz, nominative plural espirit)

espirit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espiriz (oblique plural)
espiritz (oblique plural)
espiriz (nominative singular)
espiritz (nominative singular)
espirit (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: spirit

English: spirit

Middle French: esperit

desctree

French: esprit
→ Czech: esprit
→ English: esprit
→ Polish: spryt
→ Turkish: espri (“humor, joke”)


escripture

fro-noun

escripture oblique singular, f (oblique plural escriptures, nominative singular escripture, nominative plural escriptures)

escripture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
escriptures (oblique plural)
escripture (nominative singular)
escriptures (nominative plural)

Latin scrīptūra, from scrīptum, the supine of scrībō.


falcun

falcun oblique singular, m (oblique plural falcuns, nominative singular falcuns, nominative plural falcun)

falcun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
falcuns (oblique plural)
falcuns (nominative singular)
falcun (nominative plural)

Plus est isnels que nen est uns falcuns.

c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of faucon (falcon)


haltece

haltece oblique singular, f (oblique plural halteces, nominative singular haltece, nominative plural halteces)

haltece oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
halteces (oblique plural)
haltece (nominative singular)
halteces (nominative plural)


funtaine

funtaine oblique singular, f (oblique plural funtaines, nominative singular funtaine, nominative plural funtaines)

funtaine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
funtaines (oblique plural)
funtaine (nominative singular)
funtaines (nominative plural)


ahatine

ahatine oblique singular, f (oblique plural ahatines, nominative singular ahatine, nominative plural ahatines)

ahatine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ahatines (oblique plural)
ahatine (nominative singular)
ahatines (nominative plural)


dutance

dutance oblique singular, f (oblique plural dutances, nominative singular dutance, nominative plural dutances)

dutance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dutances (oblique plural)
dutance (nominative singular)
dutances (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of doutance


charn

charn oblique singular, f (oblique plural charns, nominative singular charn, nominative plural charns)

charn oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
charns (oblique plural)
charn (nominative singular)
charns (nominative plural)


vitaile

vitaile oblique singular, f (oblique plural vitailes, nominative singular vitaile, nominative plural vitailes)

vitaile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vitailes (oblique plural)
vitaile (nominative singular)
vitailes (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: vitaile, fetayle, vetaille, vetel, victuayle, vitaill, vitaille, vitaylle, viteill, vitell, vittaille, vytayle
English: victual, vittle
Scots: victual
→ Irish: biotáille

Latin victuālia, the nominative plural of victuālis, from victus, from the verb vīvō (“I live”).

Tant cum durat lur vitaile

c. 1110,, Benedeit, Le Voyage de saint Brandan:

(chiefly in the plural) provisions; vittle; food


eigue

fro-noun

eigue oblique singular, f (oblique plural eigues, nominative singular eigue, nominative plural eigues)

eigue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
eigues (oblique plural)
eigue (nominative singular)
eigues (nominative plural)


jurn

jurn oblique singular, m (oblique plural jurns, nominative singular jurns, nominative plural jurn)

jurn oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jurns (oblique plural)
jurns (nominative singular)
jurn (nominative plural)


juise

juise oblique singular, m (oblique plural juises, nominative singular juises, nominative plural juise)

juise oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
juises (oblique plural)
juises (nominative singular)
juise (nominative plural)

Middle English: jewise


samadi

samadi oblique singular, m (oblique plural samadis, nominative singular samadis, nominative plural samadi)

samadi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
samadis (oblique plural)
samadis (nominative singular)
samadi (nominative plural)


sacel

sacel oblique singular, m (oblique plural saceaus or saceax or saciaus or saciax or sacels, nominative singular saceaus or saceax or saciaus or saciax or sacels, nominative plural sacel)

sacel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
saceaus (oblique plural)
saceax (oblique plural)
saciaus (oblique plural)
saciax (oblique plural)
sacels (oblique plural)
saceaus (nominative singular)
saceax (nominative singular)
saciaus (nominative singular)
saciax (nominative singular)
sacels (nominative singular)
sacel (nominative plural)

→ English: satchel

Plein un sacel portout tut sec


bandon

bandon oblique singular, m (oblique plural bandons, nominative singular bandons, nominative plural bandon)

bandon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bandons (oblique plural)
bandons (nominative singular)
bandon (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: baundon, bandoun
English: bandon

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: baldon

Galician: baldón

→ Spanish: baldón


jusdi

fro-noun

jusdi oblique singular, m (oblique plural jusdis, nominative singular jusdis, nominative plural jusdi)

jusdi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jusdis (oblique plural)
jusdis (nominative singular)
jusdi (nominative plural)

French: jeudi

From Latin Iovis diēs, variant of diēs Iovis.


ewage

ewage oblique singular, m (oblique plural ewages, nominative singular ewages, nominative plural ewage)

ewage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ewages (oblique plural)
ewages (nominative singular)
ewage (nominative plural)

From Latin aquāticus; equivalent to ewe + -age.


outragement

outragement oblique singular, m (oblique plural outragemenz or outragementz, nominative singular outragemenz or outragementz, nominative plural outragement)

outragement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
outragemenz (oblique plural)
outragementz (oblique plural)
outragemenz (nominative singular)
outragementz (nominative singular)
outragement (nominative plural)


chamel

chamel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chameaus or chameax or chamiaus or chamiax or chamels, nominative singular chameaus or chameax or chamiaus or chamiax or chamels, nominative plural chamel)

chamel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chameaus (oblique plural)
chameax (oblique plural)
chamiaus (oblique plural)
chamiax (oblique plural)
chamels (oblique plural)
chameaus (nominative singular)
chameax (nominative singular)
chamiaus (nominative singular)
chamiax (nominative singular)
chamels (nominative singular)
chamel (nominative plural)

English: camel (through Anglo-Norman)

Middle French: chameau

French: chameau

From Vulgar Latin *camellus, a variant of Classical Latin camēlus.


aquest

aquest oblique singular, m (oblique plural aquez or aquetz, nominative singular aquez or aquetz, nominative plural aquest)

aquest oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aquez (oblique plural)
aquetz (oblique plural)
aquez (nominative singular)
aquetz (nominative singular)
aquest (nominative plural)

Middle French: acquest
French: acquêt

→ Middle English: aqueste

English: acquest


bordon

bordon oblique singular, m (oblique plural bordons, nominative singular bordons, nominative plural bordon)

bordon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bordons (oblique plural)
bordons (nominative singular)
bordon (nominative plural)

Middle French: bourdon

French: bourdon

→ Galician: bordón

desctree

→ Middle English: burdoun, bordoun, burdon, burdowne
English: burden, bourdon
→ Irish: burdún

Uncertain; possibly onomatopoeic, dating as early as Late Latin burdo, burdonis (“kind of grasshopper”), possibly from Frankish *buʀdō (“beetle, insect”), from Proto-Germanic *buzdô (“beetle, grub", literally, "swelling”), from *būs- (“to erupt, burst, flow rapidly”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūs- (“to move quickly”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


muntaine

fro-noun

muntaine oblique singular, f (oblique plural muntaines, nominative singular muntaine, nominative plural muntaines)

muntaine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
muntaines (oblique plural)
muntaine (nominative singular)
muntaines (nominative plural)

La muntaine est tute d'or fin

The mountain is made entirely of fine gold


inimi

inimi oblique singular, m (oblique plural inimix, nominative singular inimix, nominative plural inimi)

inimi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
inimix (oblique plural)
inimix (nominative singular)
inimi (nominative plural)

circa 881, The Sequence of St. Eulalie
Voldrent la veintre li Deo inimi

circa 980, La Vie de Saint Léger
Ja fud tels om, Deu inimix

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(9th and 10th centuries) Alternative form of enemi


furment

furment oblique singular, m (oblique plural furmenz or furmentz, nominative singular furmenz or furmentz, nominative plural furment)

furment oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
furmenz (oblique plural)
furmentz (oblique plural)
furmenz (nominative singular)
furmentz (nominative singular)
furment (nominative plural)


flun

flun oblique singular, m (oblique plural fluns, nominative singular fluns, nominative plural flun)

flun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fluns (oblique plural)
fluns (nominative singular)
flun (nominative plural)


verm

verm oblique singular, m (oblique plural verns, nominative singular verns, nominative plural verm)

verm oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
verns (oblique plural)
verns (nominative singular)
verm (nominative plural)

French: ver

From Latin vermis, vermem, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis.


liesses

inflection of liesse:
nominative singular


escrivain

escrivain oblique singular, m (oblique plural escrivainz, nominative singular escrivainz, nominative plural escrivain)

escrivain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escrivainz (oblique plural)
escrivainz (nominative singular)
escrivain (nominative plural)


esperon

esperon oblique singular, m (oblique plural esperons, nominative singular esperons, nominative plural esperon)

esperon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
esperons (oblique plural)
esperons (nominative singular)
esperon (nominative plural)

From Frankish *sporō, from Proto-Germanic *spurô.


archevesque

archevesque oblique singular, m (oblique plural archevesques, nominative singular archevesques, nominative plural archevesque)

archevesque oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
archevesques (oblique plural)
archevesques (nominative singular)
archevesque (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: archevesque
French: archevêque
Norman: archêvêque

→ Middle English: erchevesque


feon

fro-noun

feon oblique singular, m (oblique plural feons, nominative singular feons, nominative plural feon)

feon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
feons (oblique plural)
feons (nominative singular)
feon (nominative plural)

Franc-Comtois: fion

Lorrain: fawon, fâyon, fowon

Middle French: faon, fan

French: faon

desctree

→ Middle English: foun, faon, fawne, ffowen, foine, foowne, fowen, fown
English: fawn

From an earlier *feḍon, from Vulgar Latin *fētōnem. Attested in Philippe de Thaon's Bestiare.


yglise

fro-noun

yglise oblique singular, f (oblique plural yglises, nominative singular yglise, nominative plural yglises)

yglise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
yglises (oblique plural)
yglise (nominative singular)
yglises (nominative plural)

[…] Et les portai a seinte yglise

(Can we date this quote?), Author unknown, Le Vilain qui conquist paradis par plaid:


eissele

eissele oblique singular, f (oblique plural eisseles, nominative singular eissele, nominative plural eisseles)

eissele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
eisseles (oblique plural)
eissele (nominative singular)
eisseles (nominative plural)

French: aisselle


orellier

orellier oblique singular, m (oblique plural orelliers, nominative singular orelliers, nominative plural orellier)

orellier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
orelliers (oblique plural)
orelliers (nominative singular)
orellier (nominative plural)

French: oreiller

Norman: oriller (Guernsey), ouothilyi (Jersey)


ostesce

ostesce oblique singular, f (oblique plural ostesces, nominative singular ostesce, nominative plural ostesces)

ostesce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ostesces (oblique plural)
ostesce (nominative singular)
ostesces (nominative plural)

→ English: hostess

French: hôtesse

oste + -esce, or from an unattested Latin word.


auctorité

auctorité oblique singular, f (oblique plural auctoritez, nominative singular auctorité, nominative plural auctoritez)

auctorité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
auctoritez (oblique plural)
auctorité (nominative singular)
auctoritez (nominative plural)


escient

escient oblique singular, m (nominative singular escienz or escientz)

escient oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escienz (nominative singular)
escientz (nominative singular)

French: escient

Borrowed from Latin sciēns, scientem, from the verb scio.


religiun

religiun oblique singular, f (oblique plural religiuns, nominative singular religiun, nominative plural religiuns)

religiun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
religiuns (oblique plural)
religiun (nominative singular)
religiuns (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of religion


relacioun

relacioun oblique singular, f (oblique plural relaciouns, nominative singular relacioun, nominative plural relaciouns)

relacioun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
relaciouns (oblique plural)
relacioun (nominative singular)
relaciouns (nominative plural)

→ English: relation

French: relation

(Anglo-Norman) report; retelling of events


bastonet

bastonet oblique singular, m (oblique plural bastonez or bastonetz, nominative singular bastonez or bastonetz, nominative plural bastonet)

bastonet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bastonez (oblique plural)
bastonetz (oblique plural)
bastonez (nominative singular)
bastonetz (nominative singular)
bastonet (nominative plural)

French: bâtonnet


cosin

cosin oblique singular, m (oblique plural cosins, nominative singular cosins, nominative plural cosin)

cosin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cosins (oblique plural)
cosins (nominative singular)
cosin (nominative plural)
cosins (masculine singular subjective)
cosine (feminine singular subjective)
cosin (masculine oblique singular)
cosine (feminine oblique singular)
cosin (masculine plural subjective)
cosines (feminine plural subjective)
cosins (masculine oblique plural)
cosines (feminine oblique plural)

Dutch: kozijn

desctree

Middle English: cosyn, cosin, cossyn, cousyn, cosyne, kosyn, cousine
English: cousin
Scots: kizzen (Shetlandic cüshin)
Yola: cozeen

French: cousin

Italian: cugino

German: Cousin

From Latin cōnsōbrīnus (possibly via a Vulgar Latin form *cōsōbīnus > *cōsuīnus).

D'ambes parz out filz e peres,
uncles, nevos, cosins e freres

On both sides there were sons and fathers,
Uncles, nephews, cousins and brothers


ornement

fro-noun

ornement oblique singular, m (oblique plural ornemenz or ornementz, nominative singular ornemenz or ornementz, nominative plural ornement)

ornement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ornemenz (oblique plural)
ornementz (oblique plural)
ornemenz (nominative singular)
ornementz (nominative singular)
ornement (nominative plural)

→ English: ornament

→ Irish: oirnimint

Middle French: ornement

French: ornement

Norman: ornément


painne

painne oblique singular, f (oblique plural painnes, nominative singular painne, nominative plural painnes)

painne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
painnes (oblique plural)
painne (nominative singular)
painnes (nominative plural)


bleceure

bleceure oblique singular, f (oblique plural bleceures, nominative singular bleceure, nominative plural bleceures)

bleceure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bleceures (oblique plural)
bleceure (nominative singular)
bleceures (nominative plural)

French: blessure


apostre

apostre oblique singular, m (oblique plural apostres, nominative singular apostres, nominative plural apostre)

apostre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
apostres (oblique plural)
apostres (nominative singular)
apostre (nominative plural)

French: apôtre

Norman: apôtre

From earlier apostle, borrowed from Late Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “one sent forth, apostle”).

der

et dit: « Par saint Pere l'apostre [»]

c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval ou le conte du Graal:

And he said "By Saint Peter the Apostle["]


enqueste

fro-noun

enqueste oblique singular, f (oblique plural enquestes, nominative singular enqueste, nominative plural enquestes)

enqueste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
enquestes (oblique plural)
enqueste (nominative singular)
enquestes (nominative plural)

English: inquest

French: enquête

Latin inquīsita, from inquīrō (“search after, enquire”).

Se li rois feïst or enqueste
Sor ceus qui ce font si honeste,

If the king now conducted an inquest
Into those who claim to be so honest


marcheandise

marcheandise oblique singular, f (oblique plural marcheandises, nominative singular marcheandise, nominative plural marcheandises)

marcheandise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
marcheandises (oblique plural)
marcheandise (nominative singular)
marcheandises (nominative plural)

→ English: merchandise

French: marchandise


tornoi

tornoi oblique singular, m (oblique plural tornois, nominative singular tornois, nominative plural tornoi)

tornoi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tornois (oblique plural)
tornois (nominative singular)
tornoi (nominative plural)

French: tournoi
→ Turkish: turnuva

Italian: torneo


floeve

floeve oblique singular, m (oblique plural floeves, nominative singular floeves, nominative plural floeve)

floeve oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
floeves (oblique plural)
floeves (nominative singular)
floeve (nominative plural)


lengue

lengue oblique singular, f (oblique plural lengues, nominative singular lengue, nominative plural lengues)

lengue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lengues (oblique plural)
lengue (nominative singular)
lengues (nominative plural)


essample

essample oblique singular, m (oblique plural essamples, nominative singular essamples, nominative plural essample)

essample oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
essamples (oblique plural)
essamples (nominative singular)
essample (nominative plural)


maleurté

maleurté oblique singular, f (oblique plural maleurtez, nominative singular maleurté, nominative plural maleurtez)

maleurté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
maleurtez (oblique plural)
maleurté (nominative singular)
maleurtez (nominative plural)

maleürté

diaereses are not universally used in scholarly transcriptions of Old French


Giu

Giu oblique singular, m (oblique plural Gius, nominative singular Gius, nominative plural Giu)

Giu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Gius (oblique plural)
Gius (nominative singular)
Giu (nominative plural)

Alternative letter-case form of giu (sometimes capitalized by scholars)


dotance

dotance oblique singular, f (oblique plural dotances, nominative singular dotance, nominative plural dotances)

dotance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dotances (oblique plural)
dotance (nominative singular)
dotances (nominative plural)


faiture

faiture oblique singular, f (oblique plural faitures, nominative singular faiture, nominative plural faitures)

faiture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
faitures (oblique plural)
faiture (nominative singular)
faitures (nominative plural)

→ English: feature

que Tristran ert ben s'aparçut
par sun gent cors, par sa faiture

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 164, lines 1974–5:

that she has indeed recognized Tristan
by his gracefully body and by his form


chenole

chenole oblique singular, f (oblique plural chenoles, nominative singular chenole, nominative plural chenoles)

chenole oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chenoles (oblique plural)
chenole (nominative singular)
chenoles (nominative plural)


guinple

guinple oblique singular, f (oblique plural guinples, nominative singular guinple, nominative plural guinples)

guinple oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guinples (oblique plural)
guinple (nominative singular)
guinples (nominative plural)


guimple

guimple oblique singular, f (oblique plural guimples, nominative singular guimple, nominative plural guimples)

guimple oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guimples (oblique plural)
guimple (nominative singular)
guimples (nominative plural)

→ Catalan: grímpola

Middle French: guimple, guimpe

French: guimpe

→ English: gimp

→ Occitan: guimpla, guimpa

→ Middle French: gymple


roncin

roncin oblique singular, m (oblique plural roncins, nominative singular roncins, nominative plural roncin)

roncin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
roncins (oblique plural)
roncins (nominative singular)
roncin (nominative plural)

Probably of Germanic origin, from Old High German hros, ros (“horse”), from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą.


tonel

tonel oblique singular, m (oblique plural toneaus or toneax or toniaus or toniax or tonels, nominative singular toneaus or toneax or toniaus or toniax or tonels, nominative plural tonel)

tonel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
toneaus (oblique plural)
toneax (oblique plural)
toniaus (oblique plural)
toniax (oblique plural)
tonels (oblique plural)
toneaus (nominative singular)
toneax (nominative singular)
toniaus (nominative singular)
toniax (nominative singular)
tonels (nominative singular)
tonel (nominative plural)

Middle French: tonnel

French: tonneau

se vos n'aveiz vermeil, preneiz de la bele yaue clere: car teiz a un puis devant son huix qui n'a pas .I. tonel de vin en son celier.

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci coumence li diz de l'erberie:

If you don't have red [wine], take some beautiful clear water: For any person that doesn't have a barrel of wine in their cellar has a well in front of their door.


mitié

mitié oblique singular, f (oblique plural mitiez, nominative singular mitié, nominative plural mitiez)

mitié oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mitiez (oblique plural)
mitié (nominative singular)
mitiez (nominative plural)


raim

raim oblique singular, m (oblique plural rains, nominative singular rains, nominative plural raim)

raim oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rains (oblique plural)
rains (nominative singular)
raim (nominative plural)


filz

Middle French: filz
French: fils

Norman: fils, fis (Jersey)

q

via Anglo-Norman <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">fitz</i>

→ English: Fitz- (via Anglo-Norman fitz)

inflection of fil (“son”):
oblique plural

inflection of fil (“son”):
nominative singular


poete

fro-noun

poete oblique singular, m (oblique plural poetes, nominative singular poetes, nominative plural poete)

poete oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
poetes (oblique plural)
poetes (nominative singular)
poete (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: poete
English: poet

desctree

Middle French: poete
French: poète
Norman: poète

From Latin poēta, from Ancient Greek ποιητής (poiētḗs, “creator, maker, author, poet”).


dubitacion

fro-noun

dubitacion oblique singular, f (oblique plural dubitacions, nominative singular dubitacion, nominative plural dubitacions)

dubitacion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dubitacions (oblique plural)
dubitacion (nominative singular)
dubitacions (nominative plural)


tems

tems oblique singular, m (oblique plural tems, nominative singular tems, nominative plural tems)

tems oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tems (oblique plural)
tems (nominative singular)
tems (nominative plural)


venim

venim oblique singular, m (oblique plural venins, nominative singular venins, nominative plural venim)

venim oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
venins (oblique plural)
venins (nominative singular)
venim (nominative plural)

Middle French: venin
French: venin

desctree

→ Middle English: venym, fenim, venem, venim, venom, venyme, wenim
English: venom
Yola: vengem

From Vulgar Latin *venīmen, from Early Medieval Latin venīnum, from Classical Latin venēnum.

nuls nel puet del venim gartir

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 196, line 2482:

venom (poisonous substance from an animal)


remenant

fro-noun

remenant oblique singular, m (oblique plural remenanz or remenantz, nominative singular remenanz or remenantz, nominative plural remenant)

remenant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
remenanz (oblique plural)
remenantz (oblique plural)
remenanz (nominative singular)
remenantz (nominative singular)
remenant (nominative plural)

→ English: remnant


domaige

domaige oblique singular, m (oblique plural domaiges, nominative singular domaiges, nominative plural domaige)

domaige oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
domaiges (oblique plural)
domaiges (nominative singular)
domaige (nominative plural)

"Berenger au long cul" and the Pastourelle
Si en doivent grant honte avoir Et grant domaige, si ont il


compaignon

compaignon oblique singular, m (oblique plural compaignons, nominative singular compaing, nominative plural compaignon)

compaignon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
compaignons (oblique plural)
compaing (nominative singular)
compaignon (nominative plural)

Middle French: compaignon

French: compagnon, copain

→ English: companion

From Late Latin compāniō (literally “he with whom one shares one's bread”), from com- + pānis (with + bread), first attested in the Frankish Lex Salica as a calque of a Germanic word, probably Frankish *gahlaibō (“messmate”, literally “with-bread”), from *hlaib (“loaf, bread”). Compare Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰 (gahlaiba, “messmate”) from 𐌲𐌰- (ga-, “with”) + 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰 (hlaiba, “bread”), Old High German galeipo from ga- (“with”) + leipo (“bread”). Compare also with the etymologically related term compaignie.

der

Middle French: compaignieFrench: compagnie


eglise

fro-noun

eglise oblique singular, f (oblique plural eglises, nominative singular eglise, nominative plural eglises)

eglise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
eglises (oblique plural)
eglise (nominative singular)
eglises (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: églize

Champenois: égllige

desctree

Middle French: eglise
French: église (see there for further descendants)

Norman: éghise, êglyise, égllise

Walloon: gléjhe

From Vulgar Latin *eclesia, from Ecclesiastical Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “gathering”).

der

church (building dedicated to religious practice; usually Christian)


forban

fro-noun

forban oblique singular, m (oblique plural forbans, nominative singular forbans, nominative plural forban)

forban oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
forbans (oblique plural)
forbans (nominative singular)
forban (nominative plural)

Deverbal of forbanir, from Frankish *frabannan.


asseurance

asseurance oblique singular, f (oblique plural asseurances, nominative singular asseurance, nominative plural asseurances)

asseurance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
asseurances (oblique plural)
asseurance (nominative singular)
asseurances (nominative plural)


eure

eure oblique singular, f (oblique plural eures, nominative singular eure, nominative plural eures)

eure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
eures (oblique plural)
eure (nominative singular)
eures (nominative plural)


chastaigne

chastaigne oblique singular, f (oblique plural chastaignes, nominative singular chastaigne, nominative plural chastaignes)

chastaigne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chastaignes (oblique plural)
chastaigne (nominative singular)
chastaignes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: chastaigne
French: châtaigne

Gallo: châtain

Norman: chât'nyi

Picard: castagne

Walloon: cascagne

→ Middle Dutch: castaenge

Dutch: kastanje
Jersey Dutch: kestänne
→ Indonesian: kastanye

→ Middle English: chesteyne, chasteine, chasten, chasteyn, chaston, chestan, chestayn, chesten, chestein, chestyn, cheston, kesteyn
English: chesten (obsolete)
⇒ English: chestnut
→ Middle Scots: chastnut (calque)
Scots: chestnut
Middle Scots: chastan, chasten, chestane


victore

fro-noun

victore oblique singular, f (oblique plural victores, nominative singular victore, nominative plural victores)

victore oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
victores (oblique plural)
victore (nominative singular)
victores (nominative plural)


apostole

apostole oblique singular, m (oblique plural apostoles, nominative singular apostoles, nominative plural apostole)

apostole oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
apostoles (oblique plural)
apostoles (nominative singular)
apostole (nominative plural)


enemi

enemi oblique singular, m (oblique plural enemis, nominative singular enemis, nominative plural enemi)

enemi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enemis (oblique plural)
enemis (nominative singular)
enemi (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: ennemy, ennemi, ẽnemy
French: ennemi

Norman: enn'mîn

→ Middle English: enemy, enemye, enmy

English: enemy

Scots: enemy

From earlier inimi, inimic, an adaptation of Latin inimīcus.

Sa gent voleit fors enveier
Pur sun enemi damager.

c. 1180, Marie de France, Le Lai de Guigemar:

he wants to send his people outside
to hurt his enemy


moust

fro-noun

moust oblique singular, m (oblique plural mouz or moutz, nominative singular mouz or moutz, nominative plural moust)

moust oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mouz (oblique plural)
moutz (oblique plural)
mouz (nominative singular)
moutz (nominative singular)
moust (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: must, most, moste, moust, muste
English: must

Middle French: moust

French: moût


moustarde

fro-noun

moustarde oblique singular, f (oblique plural moustardes, nominative singular moustarde, nominative plural moustardes)

moustarde oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
moustardes (oblique plural)
moustarde (nominative singular)
moustardes (nominative plural)

Middle French: moustarde

French: moutarde

→ Middle Dutch: mostaert

Dutch: mosterd

→ Middle Low German: mostert

Low German: Mostert, Mostrich

→ German: Mostrich

→ Middle High German: mostert

German: Mostert

Luxembourgish: Moschter

→ Middle English: mustard

English: mustard

→ Hungarian: mustár


escume

escume oblique singular, f (oblique plural escumes, nominative singular escume, nominative plural escumes)

escume oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
escumes (oblique plural)
escume (nominative singular)
escumes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: escume, écume
French: écume

Picard: èsceûme (Athois)

Walloon: scume (Charleroi), chume (Forrières)

From Frankish *skūm (“foam”), perhaps via Vulgar Latin *scūma (compare Medieval Latin scūma). According to some sources, possibly a merger with the rare Old French espume (“foam”), from Latin spūma (“foam, froth, slime”), but there is no actual evidence of this.


coissin

fro-noun

coissin oblique singular, m (oblique plural coissins, nominative singular coissins, nominative plural coissin)

coissin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
coissins (oblique plural)
coissins (nominative singular)
coissin (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: coissin
French: coussin (see there for further descendants)

Norman: couossi

Walloon: cossén

→ Italian: cuscino

→ Middle English: quysshyn
English: cushion (see there for further descendants)
Scots: cushin

→ Sicilian: cuscinu

→ Venetian: cusin

From Vulgar Latin *coxīnus (“seat pad”), derived from Latin coxa (“hip, thigh”) with the suffix possibly after Latin pulvīnus (“pillow”).

cushion (soft mass of material stuffed into a cloth bag used for comfort or support)


resverie

fro-noun

resverie oblique singular, f (oblique plural resveries, nominative singular resverie, nominative plural resveries)

resverie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
resveries (oblique plural)
resverie (nominative singular)
resveries (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: resverie
French: rêverie
→ English: reverie
→ Romanian: reverie


reguard

fro-noun

reguard oblique singular, m (oblique plural reguarz or reguartz, nominative singular reguarz or reguartz, nominative plural reguard)

reguard oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
reguarz (oblique plural)
reguartz (oblique plural)
reguarz (nominative singular)
reguartz (nominative singular)
reguard (nominative plural)


medlee

medlee oblique singular, f (oblique plural medlees, nominative singular medlee, nominative plural medlees)

medlee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
medlees (oblique plural)
medlee (nominative singular)
medlees (nominative plural)


meslage

meslage oblique singular, m (oblique plural meslages, nominative singular meslages, nominative plural meslage)

meslage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
meslages (oblique plural)
meslages (nominative singular)
meslage (nominative plural)


fradre

fradre oblique singular, m (oblique plural fradres, nominative singular fradre, nominative plural fradre)

fradre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fradres (oblique plural)
fradre (nominative singular)
fradre (nominative plural)


poblo

poblo oblique singular, m (oblique plural poblos, nominative singular poblos, nominative plural poblo)

poblo oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
poblos (oblique plural)
poblos (nominative singular)
poblo (nominative plural)

(very early Old French) Alternative form of pueple


salvament

salvament oblique singular, m (oblique plural salvamenz or salvamentz, nominative singular salvamenz or salvamentz, nominative plural salvament)

salvament oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
salvamenz (oblique plural)
salvamentz (oblique plural)
salvamenz (nominative singular)
salvamentz (nominative singular)
salvament (nominative plural)

Archaic form of sauvement (found in the Oaths of Strasbourg)


escharpe

escharpe oblique singular, f (oblique plural escharpes, nominative singular escharpe, nominative plural escharpes)

escharpe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
escharpes (oblique plural)
escharpe (nominative singular)
escharpes (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: scrippe

English: scrip

→ Middle English: *scarf

English: scarf

Middle French: escharpe

French: écharpe

Possibly from Frankish *skirpa, *skirpja (“basket made of rushes”) or of other Germanic origin, compare Old Norse skreppa (“small bag, wallet, satchel”). Norse origin is suggested by the variants eschreppe, escreppe, escrepe (compare Medieval Latin scrippum (“pilgrim's pack”), further compare English scrip); maybe a Norse borrowing was conflated with a Frankish borrowing.
Alternatively from Medieval Latin scirpa, schirpa (“little woven bag of rushes, pilgrim's pack”) (compare Classical Latin scirpea (“large basket made of bullrushes”)), from Latin scirpus (“rush, bullrush”). The Frankish word itself may ultimately be borrowed from Latin, either directly from scirpea, or derived from scirpus.


tristor

fro-noun

tristor oblique singular, f (oblique plural tristors, nominative singular tristor, nominative plural tristors)

tristor oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tristors (oblique plural)
tristor (nominative singular)
tristors (nominative plural)


vomissement

vomissement oblique singular, m (oblique plural vomissemenz or vomissementz, nominative singular vomissemenz or vomissementz, nominative plural vomissement)

vomissement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vomissemenz (oblique plural)
vomissementz (oblique plural)
vomissemenz (nominative singular)
vomissementz (nominative singular)
vomissement (nominative plural)


empeschement

empeschement oblique singular, m (oblique plural empeschemenz or empeschementz, nominative singular empeschemenz or empeschementz, nominative plural empeschement)

empeschement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
empeschemenz (oblique plural)
empeschementz (oblique plural)
empeschemenz (nominative singular)
empeschementz (nominative singular)
empeschement (nominative plural)


smaragde

smaragde oblique singular, f (oblique plural smaragdes, nominative singular smaragde, nominative plural smaragdes)

smaragde oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
smaragdes (oblique plural)
smaragde (nominative singular)
smaragdes (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of esmeraude


pelerin

pelerin oblique singular, m (oblique plural pelerins, nominative singular pelerins, nominative plural pelerin)

pelerin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pelerins (oblique plural)
pelerins (nominative singular)
pelerin (nominative plural)


paor

paor oblique singular, f (oblique plural paors, nominative singular paor, nominative plural paors)

paor oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
paors (oblique plural)
paor (nominative singular)
paors (nominative plural)


raige

raige oblique singular, f (oblique plural raiges, nominative singular raige, nominative plural raiges)

raige oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
raiges (oblique plural)
raige (nominative singular)
raiges (nominative plural)


cherubin

cherubin oblique singular, m (oblique plural cherubins, nominative singular cherubins, nominative plural cherubin)

cherubin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cherubins (oblique plural)
cherubins (nominative singular)
cherubin (nominative plural)

From Latin cherūbīm, from Hebrew כְּרוּבִים (kərûḇîm, “cherubim, cherubs”).


perrier

fro-noun

perrier oblique singular, m (oblique plural perriers, nominative singular perriers, nominative plural perrier)

perrier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
perriers (oblique plural)
perriers (nominative singular)
perrier (nominative plural)

→ English: perrier

French: pierrier


joiel

joiel oblique singular, m (oblique plural joieus, nominative singular joieus, nominative plural joiel)

joiel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
joieus (oblique plural)
joieus (nominative singular)
joiel (nominative plural)


fatigation

fatigation oblique singular, f (oblique plural fatigations, nominative singular fatigation, nominative plural fatigations)

fatigation oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fatigations (oblique plural)
fatigation (nominative singular)
fatigations (nominative plural)


areste

areste oblique singular, f (oblique plural arestes, nominative singular areste, nominative plural arestes)

areste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
arestes (oblique plural)
areste (nominative singular)
arestes (nominative plural)

→ English: arris

French: arête


abaesse

abaesse oblique singular, f (oblique plural abaesses, nominative singular abaesse, nominative plural abaesses)

abaesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
abaesses (oblique plural)
abaesse (nominative singular)
abaesses (nominative plural)


abeesse

abeesse oblique singular, f (oblique plural abeesses, nominative singular abeesse, nominative plural abeesses)

abeesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
abeesses (oblique plural)
abeesse (nominative singular)
abeesses (nominative plural)

English: abbess

French: abbesse

Norman: abbêsse

From Ecclesiastical Latin abbātissa, feminine of abbās, abbātis (“abbot”).


aprentis

aprentis oblique singular, m (oblique plural aprentis, nominative singular aprentis, nominative plural aprentis)

aprentis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aprentis (oblique plural)
aprentis (nominative singular)
aprentis (nominative plural)

English: apprentice

From Vulgar Latin *apprenditicius, adjective of apprēndō via -īcius.

vous devez miex les bons connoistre
assez c'uns nouviaus aprentis.

c. 1328, Watriquet de Couvin, Dit du roy:

you should know the good ones better
he's a new apprentice


bocle

bocle oblique singular, f (oblique plural bocles, nominative singular bocle, nominative plural bocles)

bocle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bocles (oblique plural)
bocle (nominative singular)
bocles (nominative plural)

→ English: buckle

French: boucle

Norman: boucl'ye (Jersey)

From Latin buccula, diminutive of bucca (“cheek”). Compare Anglo-Norman bucle.


broce

broce oblique singular, f (oblique plural broces, nominative singular broce, nominative plural broces)

broce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
broces (oblique plural)
broce (nominative singular)
broces (nominative plural)

desc

Middle French: broisse, brosse, broche, broce, brousse

French: brosse

Norman: brouss

→ Middle English: brusshe

English: brush

→ Irish: bruis


baffe

fro-noun

baffe oblique singular, f (oblique plural baffes, nominative singular baffe, nominative plural baffes)

baffe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
baffes (oblique plural)
baffe (nominative singular)
baffes (nominative plural)

English: baff

French: baffe


reyne

reyne oblique singular, f (oblique plural reynes, nominative singular reyne, nominative plural reynes)

reyne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
reynes (oblique plural)
reyne (nominative singular)
reynes (nominative plural)


marescal

marescal oblique singular, m (oblique plural marescaus or marescax or marescals, nominative singular marescaus or marescax or marescals, nominative plural marescal)

marescal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
marescaus (oblique plural)
marescax (oblique plural)
marescals (oblique plural)
marescaus (nominative singular)
marescax (nominative singular)
marescals (nominative singular)
marescal (nominative plural)


persoune

persoune oblique singular, f (oblique plural persounes, nominative singular persoune, nominative plural persounes)

persoune oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
persounes (oblique plural)
persoune (nominative singular)
persounes (nominative plural)

→ English: person


recordour

recordour oblique singular, m (oblique plural recordours, nominative singular recordours, nominative plural recordour)

recordour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
recordours (oblique plural)
recordours (nominative singular)
recordour (nominative plural)

English: recorder

(Anglo-Norman) record-keeper (official in a court who maintains records)


noumbre

noumbre oblique singular, m (oblique plural noumbres, nominative singular noumbres, nominative plural noumbre)

noumbre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
noumbres (oblique plural)
noumbres (nominative singular)
noumbre (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of nonbre


gelusie

gelusie oblique singular, f (nominative singular gelusie)

gelusie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gelusie (nominative singular)

→ English: jealousy


pilour

pilour oblique singular, m (oblique plural pilours, nominative singular pilours, nominative plural pilour)

pilour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pilours (oblique plural)
pilours (nominative singular)
pilour (nominative plural)

English: piller


meseise

meseise oblique singular, f (oblique plural meseises, nominative singular meseise, nominative plural meseises)

meseise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
meseises (oblique plural)
meseise (nominative singular)
meseises (nominative plural)

le cuer qui tant meseise avoit

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval ou le conte du Graal:


sulfre

sulfre oblique singular, m (nominative singular sulfres)

sulfre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sulfres (nominative singular)

desctree

Middle French: soufre, souffre, soffre
French: soufre

→ Middle English: sulphur, sulphre, sulphure, sulphour, sulpher, sulpur, sulfur, sulfurre, sulfer, soulphre, soulfre, solfre, soufur, soufre
English: sulphur, sulfur


musike

fro-noun

musike oblique singular, f (oblique plural musikes, nominative singular musike, nominative plural musikes)

musike oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
musikes (oblique plural)
musike (nominative singular)
musikes (nominative plural)


grece

grece oblique singular, f (oblique plural greces, nominative singular grece, nominative plural greces)

grece oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
greces (oblique plural)
grece (nominative singular)
greces (nominative plural)

Alternative form of craisse (“fat, grease]]”)


nois

nois oblique singular, f (oblique plural nois, nominative singular nois, nominative plural nois)

nois oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nois (oblique plural)
nois (nominative singular)
nois (nominative plural)

French: noix

Norman: nouaix (Jersey, Guernsey)


apurtenance

apurtenance oblique singular, f (oblique plural apurtenances, nominative singular apurtenance, nominative plural apurtenances)

apurtenance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
apurtenances (oblique plural)
apurtenance (nominative singular)
apurtenances (nominative plural)

English: appurtenance

From apurtenant, the present participle of apurtenir.

(Anglo-Norman) belonging (something which is owned by someone)

(Anglo-Norman) appurtenance (minor property that passes with the main property when it is sold)


acunte

acunte oblique singular, f (oblique plural acuntes, nominative singular acunte, nominative plural acuntes)

acunte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
acuntes (oblique plural)
acunte (nominative singular)
acuntes (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: acounte, accompt, accompte, accounte, acompte, acount, a-counte, acowmpt, acownte, acunt
English: account
→ Bulgarian: ака́унт (akáunt)
→ Japanese: アカウント (akaunto)
→ Malay: akaun
→ Russian: аккаунт (akkaunt)
→ Swahili: akaunti
Scots: accoont, account


doctur

fro-noun

doctur oblique singular, m (oblique plural docturs, nominative singular docturs, nominative plural doctur)

doctur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
docturs (oblique plural)
docturs (nominative singular)
doctur (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: doctour

desctree

→ Middle English: doctour, doctor
English: doctor (see there for further descendants)
Scots: doctor

French: docteur
→ Arabic: دُكْتور (doktōr)
→ Kaba: dòktórò
→ Persian: دکتر (doktor)
→ Turkish: doktor
→ Ladino: doktor
→ Vietnamese: đốc-tờ

Norman: docteu

Walloon: docteur


oisel de proie

fro-noun

oisel de proie oblique singular, m (oblique plural oiseaus de proie, nominative singular oiseaus de proie, nominative plural oisel de proie)

oisel de proie oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oiseaus de proie (oblique plural)
oiseaus de proie (nominative singular)
oisel de proie (nominative plural)

French: oiseau de proie


cloistre

cloistre oblique singular, m (oblique plural cloistres, nominative singular cloistres, nominative plural cloistre)

cloistre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cloistres (oblique plural)
cloistres (nominative singular)
cloistre (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: cloistre
French: cloître
→ Russian: клуа́тр (kluátr)
→ Ukrainian: клуа́тр (kluátr)

→ Middle English: cloistre, cloister, closter, cloystre, cloyster, clostre, cloistir, cleystir, cloysture
English: cloister
Scots: closter (< closter)

From Medieval Latin claustrum (“portion of monastery closed off to laity”), from Latin claustrum (“place shut in, bar, bolt, enclosure”).

inh

L'en ne preesche més en cloistre


clostre

fro-noun

clostre oblique singular, m (oblique plural clostres, nominative singular clostres, nominative plural clostre)

clostre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
clostres (oblique plural)
clostres (nominative singular)
clostre (nominative plural)


chevetaine

chevetaine oblique singular, m (oblique plural chevetaines, nominative singular chevetaines, nominative plural chevetaine)

chevetaine oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chevetaines (oblique plural)
chevetaines (nominative singular)
chevetaine (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: cheveteyn
English: chieftain
Scots: chieftain

From Late Latin capitāneus, from Latin caput.


descorde

fro-noun

descorde oblique singular, f (oblique plural descordes, nominative singular descorde, nominative plural descordes)

descorde oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
descordes (oblique plural)
descorde (nominative singular)
descordes (nominative plural)

English: discord


mestier

mestier oblique singular, m (oblique plural mestiers, nominative singular mestiers, nominative plural mestier)

mestier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mestiers (oblique plural)
mestiers (nominative singular)
mestier (nominative plural)

French: métier

Je n'ai or mestier de gabois

c. 1177, Chrétien de Troyes, Le Chevalier de la Charrette, page 50 (of the Livres de Poche Lettres gothiques edition, →ISBN, line 98:


escorpion

escorpion oblique singular, m (oblique plural escorpions, nominative singular escorpions, nominative plural escorpion)

escorpion oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escorpions (oblique plural)
escorpions (nominative singular)
escorpion (nominative plural)


escoler

escoler oblique singular, m (oblique plural escolers, nominative singular escolers, nominative plural escoler)

escoler oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escolers (oblique plural)
escolers (nominative singular)
escoler (nominative plural)
escolers (masculine singular subjective)
escolere (feminine singular subjective)
escoler (masculine oblique singular)
escolere (feminine oblique singular)
escoler (masculine plural subjective)
escoleres (feminine plural subjective)
escolers (masculine oblique plural)
escoleres (feminine oblique plural)

Middle French: escolier
French: écolier

→ Galician: escoler

→ Middle Dutch: scholier

desctree

Dutch: scholier
Afrikaans: skolier
Negerhollands: scholier

Borrowed from Late Latin scholaris, from Latin schola.

Briefment, tuit clerc, fors escoler,
Vuelent Avarisce acoler.


complainte

fro-noun

complainte oblique singular, f (oblique plural complaintes, nominative singular complainte, nominative plural complaintes)

complainte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
complaintes (oblique plural)
complainte (nominative singular)
complaintes (nominative plural)

English: complaint

Ci encoumence la complainte de Monseigneur Joffroi de Sergines


ypocrites

nominative masculine singular of ypocrite


ypocrite

ypocrites (masculine singular subjective)
ypocrite (feminine singular subjective)
ypocrite (masculine oblique singular)
ypocrite (feminine oblique singular)
ypocrite (masculine plural subjective)
ypocrites (feminine plural subjective)
ypocrites (masculine oblique plural)
ypocrites (feminine oblique plural)

Mais il croient ces ypocrites

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, C’est li diz des regles:


nimphe

nimphe oblique singular, f (oblique plural nimphes, nominative singular nimphe, nominative plural nimphes)

nimphe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nimphes (oblique plural)
nimphe (nominative singular)
nimphes (nominative plural)

French: nymphe

→ Middle Dutch: nymphe

Dutch: nimf

desctree

→ Middle English: nimphe, nymphe, nemphe
English: nymph


sojor

fro-noun

sojor oblique singular, m (oblique plural sojors, nominative singular sojors, nominative plural sojor)

sojor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sojors (oblique plural)
sojors (nominative singular)
sojor (nominative plural)

→ English: sojourn

French: séjour


chatel

chatel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chateaus or chateax or chatiaus or chatiax or chatels, nominative singular chateaus or chateax or chatiaus or chatiax or chatels, nominative plural chatel)

chatel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chateaus (oblique plural)
chateax (oblique plural)
chatiaus (oblique plural)
chatiax (oblique plural)
chatels (oblique plural)
chateaus (nominative singular)
chateax (nominative singular)
chatiaus (nominative singular)
chatiax (nominative singular)
chatels (nominative singular)
chatel (nominative plural)

Middle French: chaiptel, chatel, chetel

French: cheptel

Norman: catel

→ Norman: chatel

→ Middle English: catel; chatel

English: cattle; chattel

Scots: cattle

→ Middle Dutch: caftel, cachtel

Dutch: kachtel

Inherited from Late Latin capitale, nominalization of Latin capitālis.


fevrier

fevrier oblique singular, m (oblique plural fevriers, nominative singular fevriers, nominative plural fevrier)

fevrier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fevriers (oblique plural)
fevriers (nominative singular)
fevrier (nominative plural)

desctree

French: février
Haitian Creole: fevriye
→ Iranian Persian: فوریه (fevriye)
→ South Azerbaijani: فئوریه (fevriyə)
→ Tunisian Arabic: فيفري (fīvrī)

desc

Norman: février, Févri, févryi, févérier, fevri

Walloon: fevrî

→ Middle English: feoverel

From Late Latin Febrārius, from Latin Februārius.


achevement

fro-noun

achevement oblique singular, m (oblique plural achevemenz or achevementz, nominative singular achevemenz or achevementz, nominative plural achevement)

achevement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
achevemenz (oblique plural)
achevementz (oblique plural)
achevemenz (nominative singular)
achevementz (nominative singular)
achevement (nominative plural)

→ English: achievement

French: achèvement


blestre

blestre oblique singular, m (oblique plural blestres, nominative singular blestres, nominative plural blestre)

blestre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
blestres (oblique plural)
blestres (nominative singular)
blestre (nominative plural)


blostre

blostre oblique singular, m (oblique plural blostres, nominative singular blostres, nominative plural blostre)

blostre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
blostres (oblique plural)
blostres (nominative singular)
blostre (nominative plural)

→ English: blister

Probably of North Germanic origin, akin to Old Norse blástr (“blast, swelling”).