tur

tur oblique singular, f (oblique plural turs, nominative singular tur, nominative plural turs)

tur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
turs (oblique plural)
tur (nominative singular)
turs (nominative plural)


oie

fro-noun

oie oblique singular, f (oblique plural oies, nominative singular oie, nominative plural oies)

oie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
oies (oblique plural)
oie (nominative singular)
oies (nominative plural)

French: oie

Norman: ouaïe (Guernsey), ouaie (Jersey), ouée (continental Normandy)

From Vulgar Latin auca, contraction of *avica, from Latin avis (“bird”).


penser

penser oblique singular, m (oblique plural pensers, nominative singular pensers, nominative plural penser)

penser oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pensers (oblique plural)
pensers (nominative singular)
penser (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin pensāre. Compare the doublet peser.


façon

façon oblique singular, f (oblique plural façons, nominative singular façon, nominative plural façons)

façon oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
façons (oblique plural)
façon (nominative singular)
façons (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: façon
French: façon
Haitian Creole: fason
→ Alemannic German: Fasung
→ Danish: facon
→ Russian: фасон (fason)
→ Uzbek: fason
→ Swedish: fason

French: façon

Norman: faichon

→ Middle Dutch: fatchoen, faetsoen

Dutch: fatsoen
Afrikaans: fatsoen
→ Indonesian: fatsun
Negerhollands: fatsoen
Petjo: fatsoen

→ Middle English: facioun
English: fashion (see there for further descendants)
Scots: fashion, fasson
Yola: fashoon

From Latin factiōnem, accusative singular of factiō.


escalope

fro-noun

escalope oblique singular, f (oblique plural escalopes, nominative singular escalope, nominative plural escalopes)

escalope oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
escalopes (oblique plural)
escalope (nominative singular)
escalopes (nominative plural)

English: escalope, scallop

French: escalope

Norman: scalope (Jersey)

Supposedly a blend of escale (“scallop”) + enveloppe (“envelope”).


bren

fro-noun

bren oblique singular, m (nominative singular brens)

bren oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
brens (nominative singular)

⇒ French: berner

desctree

→ Middle English: bran, branne, bren
English: bran
Yola: bran

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: bren

Celtic loanword, from Gaulish *brennos (“rotten”), from Proto-Celtic *bragnos (“foul, rotten”).


vinaigre

fro-noun

vinaigre oblique singular, m (oblique plural vinaigres, nominative singular vinaigres, nominative plural vinaigre)

vinaigre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vinaigres (oblique plural)
vinaigres (nominative singular)
vinaigre (nominative plural)

French: vinaigre

desctree

→ Middle English: vynegre, fynegre, wyne-egre, vyneger, wynyger, venegre, vinegre, wyneger, vynagre, vinagir, vineger
English: vinegar
→ Japanese: ビネガー (binegā)
→ Welsh: finegr
Scots: veenegar

→ Middle Irish: fínégra

Irish: fínéagar


escut

fro-noun

escut oblique singular, m (oblique plural escuz or escutz, nominative singular escuz or escutz, nominative plural escut)

escut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escuz (oblique plural)
escutz (oblique plural)
escuz (nominative singular)
escutz (nominative singular)
escut (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: escut
French: écu
→ English: écu
→ Turkish: ekü


estat

fro-noun

estat oblique singular, m (oblique plural estaz or estatz, nominative singular estaz or estatz, nominative plural estat)

estat oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
estaz (oblique plural)
estatz (oblique plural)
estaz (nominative singular)
estatz (nominative singular)
estat (nominative plural)

→ English: estate, state

Middle French: estat

French: état

→ Middle Dutch: staet

desctree

Dutch: staat
Afrikaans: staat
→ Indonesian: setat
→ Papiamentu: staat (dated)
→ Peranakan Indonesian: staat

→ Middle Low German: stāt

→ German: Staat

→ Russian: штат (štat)

Borrowed from Latin status (whence also the inherited doublet esté).


cuir

fro-noun

cuir oblique singular, m (oblique plural cuirs, nominative singular cuirs, nominative plural cuir)

cuir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cuirs (oblique plural)
cuirs (nominative singular)
cuir (nominative plural)


estomac

estomac oblique singular, m (oblique plural estomas, nominative singular estomas, nominative plural estomac)

estomac oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
estomas (oblique plural)
estomas (nominative singular)
estomac (nominative plural)

French: estomac

desctree

→ Middle English: stomak
English: stomach
Scots: stamack


achat

fro-noun

achat oblique singular, m (oblique plural achaz or achatz, nominative singular achaz or achatz, nominative plural achat)

achat oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
achaz (oblique plural)
achatz (oblique plural)
achaz (nominative singular)
achatz (nominative singular)
achat (nominative plural)


predestination

predestination oblique singular, f (oblique plural predestinations, nominative singular predestination, nominative plural predestinations)

predestination oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
predestinations (oblique plural)
predestination (nominative singular)
predestinations (nominative plural)

predestination (doctrine that everything has been foreordained by God)


fosse

fosse oblique singular, f (oblique plural fosses, nominative singular fosse, nominative plural fosses)

fosse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fosses (oblique plural)
fosse (nominative singular)
fosses (nominative plural)

Middle French: fosse

French: fosse


broche

broche oblique singular, f (oblique plural broches, nominative singular broche, nominative plural broches)

broche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
broches (oblique plural)
broche (nominative singular)
broches (nominative plural)

French: broche

→ Galician: brocha (“pin; nail”)

desctree

→ Middle English: broche, brooche, brouche, bruche, brush
English: broach, brooch
Scots: broach, brutch, bruch, broche, brotch

Inherited from Vulgar Latin brocca, feminine substantive of Classical Latin broccus (“pointed, sharp”).


greu

fro-noun

greu oblique singular, m (nominative singular greus)

greu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
greus (nominative singular)

Inherited from Latin graecus. Compare grezois.


peon

peon oblique singular, m (oblique plural peons, nominative singular peons, nominative plural peon)

peon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
peons (oblique plural)
peons (nominative singular)
peon (nominative plural)

desctree

French: pion
→ Dutch: pion
Afrikaans: pion
→ Indonesian: pion
→ Greek: πιόνι (pióni)
→ Polish: pion
→ Romanian: pion
→ Turkish: piyon

→ Middle English: pown, powne, poun, poune, pon, pawn, pawne, paun, pewne
English: pawn
Scots: poun

Inherited from Late Latin pedōnem (“pedestrian”).

inh+

(military) infantryman

(chess) pawn


cerf

fro-noun

cerf oblique singular, m (oblique plural cers, nominative singular cers, nominative plural cerf)

cerf oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cers (oblique plural)
cers (nominative singular)
cerf (nominative plural)

Middle French: cerf


cort

cort oblique singular, f (oblique plural corz or cortz, nominative singular cort, nominative plural corz or cortz)

cort oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
corz (oblique plural)
cortz (oblique plural)
cort (nominative singular)
corz (nominative plural)
cortz (nominative plural)

French: cour

desctree

→ Middle English: court, cort, corte, cortt, courte, curt, curth
English: court (see there for further descendants)
Scots: court, coort


escrin

fro-noun

escrin oblique singular, m (oblique plural escrins, nominative singular escrins, nominative plural escrin)

escrin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
escrins (oblique plural)
escrins (nominative singular)
escrin (nominative plural)

French: écrin

→ English: scrine


conte

conte oblique singular, m (oblique plural contes, nominative singular contes, nominative plural conte)

conte oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
contes (oblique plural)
contes (nominative singular)
conte (nominative plural)

First attested circa 980 as compte. Deverbal of conter.

Tant en asamble n'en sai conte tenir.

12ᵗʰ Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:

He got together so many that I can't keep count


conte

conte oblique singular, m (oblique plural contes, nominative singular cuens, nominative plural conte)

conte oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
contes (oblique plural)
cuens (nominative singular)
conte (nominative plural)


fei

fei oblique singular, f (oblique plural feis, nominative singular fei, nominative plural feis)

fei oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
feis (oblique plural)
fei (nominative singular)
feis (nominative plural)

(early Old French or Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of foi


campagne

campagne oblique singular, f (oblique plural campagnes, nominative singular campagne, nominative plural campagnes)

campagne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
campagnes (oblique plural)
campagne (nominative singular)
campagnes (nominative plural)


buisson

buisson oblique singular, m (oblique plural buissons, nominative singular buissons, nominative plural buisson)

buisson oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
buissons (oblique plural)
buissons (nominative singular)
buisson (nominative plural)


houe

houe oblique singular, f (oblique plural houes, nominative singular houe, nominative plural houes)

houe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
houes (oblique plural)
houe (nominative singular)
houes (nominative plural)

Middle French: hoe, houe

French: houe

Norman: hoe, haoue (Guernésiais)

Picard: hau (Ch'ti)

Walloon: awe, hawe

→ Middle English: howe, houwe, howwe

English: hoe

⇒ Old French: hoel, houwel

Middle French: houel, hoyau, hoeau

Middle French: hoyau

→ Middle Dutch: hauel, hauweel

→ Dutch: houweel

⇒ Old French: houet

Norman: houette (Jersiais)

⇒ Old French: houer

Middle French: houer

French: houer

Norman: haouaïr (Guernésiais), hauwer (Hennégois)

→ Middle English: howen, howwen

English: hoe

Borrowed from Frankish *hauwā (“hoe, mattock”).


matrice

matrice oblique singular, f (oblique plural matrices, nominative singular matrice, nominative plural matrices)

matrice oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
matrices (oblique plural)
matrice (nominative singular)
matrices (nominative plural)

French: matrice

desctree

→ Middle English: matrice, matris, matrix
English: matrice, matrix

Borrowed from Latin mātrīx, mātrīcem. See also the inherited doublets marriz, marris.


loc

fro-noun

loc oblique singular, m (oblique plural los, nominative singular los, nominative plural loc)

loc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
los (oblique plural)
los (nominative singular)
loc (nominative plural)

, La Vie de St Thomas
Mes a cel ore esteit a un grant loc fermee

But at this hour, it was closed with a big lock


herbe

herbe oblique singular, f (oblique plural herbes, nominative singular herbe, nominative plural herbes)

herbe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
herbes (oblique plural)
herbe (nominative singular)
herbes (nominative plural)


enticement

enticement oblique singular, m (oblique plural enticemenz or enticementz, nominative singular enticemenz or enticementz, nominative plural enticement)

enticement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enticemenz (oblique plural)
enticementz (oblique plural)
enticemenz (nominative singular)
enticementz (nominative singular)
enticement (nominative plural)

→ English: enticement


maladie

maladie oblique singular, f (oblique plural maladies, nominative singular maladie, nominative plural maladies)

maladie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
maladies (oblique plural)
maladie (nominative singular)
maladies (nominative plural)


nazille

nazille oblique singular, f (oblique plural nazilles, nominative singular nazille, nominative plural nazilles)

nazille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nazilles (oblique plural)
nazille (nominative singular)
nazilles (nominative plural)


astronomie

astronomie oblique singular, f (nominative singular astronomie)

astronomie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
astronomie (nominative singular)

desctree

Middle French: astronomie
French: astronomie

Norman: astronomie

→ Middle English: astronomie, astronemy

English: astronomy

Scots: astronomy

Borrowed from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía).


malgré

fro-noun

malgré oblique singular, f (oblique plural malgrez, nominative singular malgré, nominative plural malgrez)

malgré oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
malgrez (oblique plural)
malgré (nominative singular)
malgrez (nominative plural)


conseil

conseil oblique singular, m (oblique plural conseuz or conseilz, nominative singular conseuz or conseilz, nominative plural conseil)

conseil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
conseuz (oblique plural)
conseilz (oblique plural)
conseuz (nominative singular)
conseilz (nominative singular)
conseil (nominative plural)

Middle English: conseil (borrowing)

English: counsel

Middle French: conseil

French: conseil


fust

fust oblique singular, m (oblique plural fuz or futz, nominative singular fuz or futz, nominative plural fust)

fust oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fuz (oblique plural)
futz (oblique plural)
fuz (nominative singular)
futz (nominative singular)
fust (nominative plural)

Ausi come escorce sanz fust

Escuz et hiaumes et haubers.
Nes garantist ne fuz ne fers

c. 1181, Chrétien de Troyes, Roman de la Charrette:

Shields and helmets and armor.
Couldn't protect neither clubs nor swords


boucle

boucle oblique singular, f (oblique plural boucles, nominative singular boucle, nominative plural boucles)

boucle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
boucles (oblique plural)
boucle (nominative singular)
boucles (nominative plural)

desctree

French: boucle
→ Catalan: bucle m
→ Esperanto: buklo
→ Galician: bucle
→ Greek: μπούκλα (boúkla)
→ Portuguese: bucle
→ Romanian: buclă
→ Russian: бу́кля (búklja)
→ Spanish: bucle m
→ Turkish: bukle

Norman: boucl'ye (Jersey)

→ Middle English: bokel
English: buckle
Yola: boouchel

→ Irish: búcla

→ Middle High German: buckel

German: Buckel

From Latin buccula, diminutive of bucca (“cheek”). Compare Anglo-Norman bucle.


poudre

fro-noun

poudre oblique singular, f (oblique plural poudres, nominative singular poudre, nominative plural poudres)

poudre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
poudres (oblique plural)
poudre (nominative singular)
poudres (nominative plural)

French: poudre (see there for further descendants)

Norman: poudre

Walloon: poure, poude

→ Middle Dutch: poeder

desctree

Dutch: poeder
Afrikaans: poeier
→ Indonesian: pudêr, puyer, puyêr
→ Papiamentu: puiru, poeier
→ Sranan Tongo: puiri
→ Aukan: puili
→ Caribbean Hindustani: puiri

Limburgish: pójjer

→ Middle English: poudre, powder, pouder, powdre, pouldre, powdir, powdyr, pudre, poudur, poweder, pouþer, powþer, powther, powdur
English: powder (see there for further descendants)
Scots: pouder, pouther
→ Welsh: powdr, powdwr, pwdr

→ Middle Irish: púdar

Irish: púdar

Manx: poodyr

Scottish Gaelic: fùdar, pùdar

From Late Latin pulvera, neuter plural based on Latin pulvis m, from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“dust; flour”). Compare Old Occitan poldra, polvera.


crampe

fro-noun

crampe oblique singular, f (oblique plural crampes, nominative singular crampe, nominative plural crampes)

crampe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
crampes (oblique plural)
crampe (nominative singular)
crampes (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: crampe

English: cramp

Scots: cramp

Middle French: crampe

French: crampe

→ Spanish: calambre

Norman: crampe (Jersey)

Of Germanic origin, either from Frankish *krampō or from Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krampô (“cramp, clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”).


maçon

fro-noun

maçon oblique singular, m (oblique plural maçons, nominative singular maçons, nominative plural maçon)

maçon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
maçons (oblique plural)
maçons (nominative singular)
maçon (nominative plural)

Middle French: maçon
French: maçon

→ English: mason

desctree

→ Old Spanish: maçonero
Spanish: mazonero

From Late Latin maciō (“carpenter, bricklayer”), from a derivative of Frankish *makōn (“to work, build, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *mag- (“to knead, mix, make”), conflated with Frankish *mati (“cutter”), from Proto-Germanic *matją, *mattjuk (“ploghshare, mattock”), from Proto-Indo-European *mat- (“hoe, mattock”).

der

Maçons fist querre et carpenters
Si fist refaire les mousters

He searched for masons and carpenters
in order to rebuild the minsters.


lepre

fro-noun

lepre oblique singular, f (oblique plural lepres, nominative singular lepre, nominative plural lepres)

lepre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lepres (oblique plural)
lepre (nominative singular)
lepres (nominative plural)

La lepre c’est maladie consimile corrumpant la forme et la figure et la composicion des membres et blessé et vient de matiere melancolique esparse par tout le corps.

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 171 of this essay:


roche

roche oblique singular, f (oblique plural roches, nominative singular roche, nominative plural roches)

roche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
roches (oblique plural)
roche (nominative singular)
roches (nominative plural)

French: roche

Norman: rocque

→ Italian: roccia

→ Middle Dutch: rotse

Dutch: rots

desctree

→? Old English: *rocc
Middle English: rokke
English: rock
Scots: rok
Yola: ruck

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rocha

Galician: rocha

Portuguese: rocha

From Early Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin.


blé

fro-noun

blé oblique singular, m (oblique plural blez, nominative singular blez, nominative plural blé)

blé oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
blez (oblique plural)
blez (nominative singular)
blé (nominative plural)

Alternative form of blet (“wheat, corn”)


arçon

arçon oblique singular, m (oblique plural arçons, nominative singular arçons, nominative plural arçon)

arçon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
arçons (oblique plural)
arçons (nominative singular)
arçon (nominative plural)

French: arçon

Lorrain: ôchon

Norman: arçoun

Picard: archon

desctree

→ Middle English: arsoun, arson, arsone, arsun, harsun
English: arson (obsolete)

From Vulgar Latin *arciōnem, from Latin arcus (“bow”).


graal

fro-noun

graal oblique singular, m (oblique plural graaus or graax or graals, nominative singular graaus or graax or graals, nominative plural graal)

graal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
graaus (oblique plural)
graax (oblique plural)
graals (oblique plural)
graaus (nominative singular)
graax (nominative singular)
graals (nominative singular)
graal (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: graal, greal, grayle
English: grail

Medieval Latin gradālis (“dish”), of unknown origin.


prolongation

fro-noun

prolongation oblique singular, f (oblique plural prolongations, nominative singular prolongation, nominative plural prolongations)

prolongation oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
prolongations (oblique plural)
prolongation (nominative singular)
prolongations (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin prōlongātiō, prōlongātiōnem, from prōlongātus, perfect passive participle of Latin prōlongō, from prō + longus.


nevo

nevo oblique singular, m (oblique plural nevos, nominative singular niés, nominative plural nevo)

nevo oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nevos (oblique plural)
niés (nominative singular)
nevo (nominative plural)


princesse

princesse oblique singular, f (oblique plural princesses, nominative singular princesse, nominative plural princesses)

princesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
princesses (oblique plural)
princesse (nominative singular)
princesses (nominative plural)

→ English: princess

French: princesse


colle

colle oblique singular, f (oblique plural colles, nominative singular colle, nominative plural colles)

colle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
colles (oblique plural)
colle (nominative singular)
colles (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ).


pesche

pesche oblique singular, f (oblique plural pesches, nominative singular pesche, nominative plural pesches)

pesche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pesches (oblique plural)
pesche (nominative singular)
pesches (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: pesche
French: pêche
→ Malagasy: paiso

Norman: pêche

Walloon: pexhî

→ Middle English: peche

English: peach
→ Abenaki: biches (from the plural peaches)
→? Arapaho: biisib
→ Bengali: পীচ (pic) (probably)
→ Haida: píichas
→ Malay: pic (probably)
→? Maori: pītiti
→ Swahili: pichi (probably)
→ Thai: พีช (píit)

→ Irish: péitseog

→ Manx: peitshag, pershagh

From Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca), from Late Latin persica, from Latin persicus.


jument

fro-noun

jument oblique singular, f (oblique plural jumenz or jumentz, nominative singular jument, nominative plural jumenz or jumentz)

jument oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
jumenz (oblique plural)
jumentz (oblique plural)
jument (nominative singular)
jumenz (nominative plural)
jumentz (nominative plural)

desctree

French: jument
→ Catalan: jument
→ Franco-Provençal: jument

Norman: jeunment

→ Middle English: jument
English: jument


hanche

fro-noun

hanche oblique singular, f (oblique plural hanches, nominative singular hanche, nominative plural hanches)

hanche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
hanches (oblique plural)
hanche (nominative singular)
hanches (nominative plural)

→ English: haunch

French: hanche

From Vulgar Latin *hanca, from Proto-Germanic *hanka (related to *ankijǭ (“joint, limb”)).


cuisse

cuisse oblique singular, f (oblique plural cuisses, nominative singular cuisse, nominative plural cuisses)

cuisse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cuisses (oblique plural)
cuisse (nominative singular)
cuisses (nominative plural)

desctree

French: cuisse
Haitian Creole: kwis
→ English: cuish, cuisse, quish

Bourguignon: cueusse

Champenois: cueche

Gallo: qhesse

Lorrain: cueuche

desc

Norman: tchuisse, tchusse, tchiêsse, tchiesse, kyis

Walloon: coxhe

→ Walloon: cwisse

From Vulgar Latin or Late Latin coxa (“thigh”), from Latin coxa (“hip”).


pouce

fro-noun

pouce oblique singular, m (oblique plural pouces, nominative singular pouces, nominative plural pouce)

pouce oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pouces (oblique plural)
pouces (nominative singular)
pouce (nominative plural)

French: pouce

Norman: pouce

From Latin pollicem, accusative singular of pollex.


solas

solas oblique singular, ? (oblique plural solas, nominative singular solas, nominative plural solas)

solas oblique singular (canonical)
solas (oblique plural)
solas (nominative singular)
solas (nominative plural)

French: soulas (archaic)

→ English: solace

→ Irish: sólás

→ Middle Dutch: solas

Dutch: soelaas

→ Scottish Gaelic: sòlas


François

desctree

Middle French: François, françois
French: Français

→ Middle Dutch: fransois, fransoys, frantsoys
Dutch: fransoos

→ Middle High German: Franzōs

German: Franzose

Hunsrik: Franzoos

Luxembourgish: Fransous

From Medieval Latin *Francencis, from Late Latin Francus + the nationality suffix -ensis (“belonging to”).

Ha ! Quens be Bar, quel soufreite
De vous le François avront.

c. 1200, Philippe de Nanteuil (from 'Anthologie de la poésie lyrique des XIIᵉ et XIIIᵉ siècles'), En chantant veil mon duel faire, →ISBN, page 188:

Ha! Count of Bar, such a suffering
Will the French inherit from you.


bataille

fro-noun

bataille oblique singular, f (oblique plural batailles, nominative singular bataille, nominative plural batailles)

bataille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
batailles (oblique plural)
bataille (nominative singular)
batailles (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: bataille
French: bataille

Norman: bataille, batâle

Walloon: batreye

→ Asturian: batalla

→ Middle English: batayle, batel, bataylle, bataille, bataile, bataill, batail, batell, batayll, bateil, baitale
English: battle
Scots: battle

desc

→ Old Spanish: batalla (or from Old Occitan)

Ladino: batalya

Spanish: batalla

From Late Latin battālia, variant of battuālia, from Latin battuō.


fein

fro-noun

fein oblique singular, m (oblique plural feinz, nominative singular feinz, nominative plural fein)

fein oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
feinz (oblique plural)
feinz (nominative singular)
fein (nominative plural)

Norman: fain

French: foin


eir

eir oblique singular, m (oblique plural eirs, nominative singular eirs, nominative plural eir)

eir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
eirs (oblique plural)
eirs (nominative singular)
eir (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: heir, aire

desctree

→ Middle English: heir
English: heir
Scots: heir
→ Welsh: aer

French: hoir (obsolete)

→ Middle Irish: eigre
Irish: oidhre
Manx: eirey
Scottish Gaelic: oighre

Rou en fist son eir


espace

fro-noun

espace oblique singular, m (oblique plural espaces, nominative singular espaces, nominative plural espace)

espace oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espaces (oblique plural)
espaces (nominative singular)
espace (nominative plural)

→ English: space

Middle French: espace

French: espace


quartier

quartier oblique singular, m (oblique plural quartiers, nominative singular quartiers, nominative plural quartier)

quartier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
quartiers (oblique plural)
quartiers (nominative singular)
quartier (nominative plural)


cercle

cercle oblique singular, m (oblique plural cercles, nominative singular cercles, nominative plural cercle)

cercle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cercles (oblique plural)
cercles (nominative singular)
cercle (nominative plural)

French: cercle
Haitian Creole: sèk

Norman: cèrcl'ye (Jersey)

Walloon: ceke

→ Middle English: cercle, circle (Latin-influenced)

English: circle

Scots: circle


murine

murine oblique singular, f (oblique plural murines, nominative singular murine, nominative plural murines)

murine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
murines (oblique plural)
murine (nominative singular)
murines (nominative plural)

Middle French: morine

Norman: mouoréne

Poitevin-Saintongeais: mourine

Adjective murin, morin, from the verb morir (“to die”).


tonsure

tonsure oblique singular, f (oblique plural tonsures, nominative singular tonsure, nominative plural tonsures)

tonsure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tonsures (oblique plural)
tonsure (nominative singular)
tonsures (nominative plural)

→ English: tonsure

French: tonsure


corbel

corbel oblique singular, m (oblique plural corbeaus or corbeax or corbiaus or corbiax or corbels, nominative singular corbeaus or corbeax or corbiaus or corbiax or corbels, nominative plural corbel)

corbel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
corbeaus (oblique plural)
corbeax (oblique plural)
corbiaus (oblique plural)
corbiax (oblique plural)
corbels (oblique plural)
corbeaus (nominative singular)
corbeax (nominative singular)
corbiaus (nominative singular)
corbiax (nominative singular)
corbels (nominative singular)
corbel (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: corbeau m
French: corbeau m
→ English: corbeau
→ English: corbie
→ Scots: corbie

→ Middle English: corbel

English: corbel

Either a diminutive of corp (“raven”), corf, or from a Late Latin corbellus, corvellus, from Latin corvus (Vulgar Latin variant *corbus).


alee

fro-noun

alee oblique singular, f (oblique plural alees, nominative singular alee, nominative plural alees)

alee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
alees (oblique plural)
alee (nominative singular)
alees (nominative plural)

French: allée

desctree

→ Middle English: aley, alay, alei, allee, alie
English: alley
Scots: allay
→ Welsh: alai


fuer

fro-noun

fuer oblique singular, m (oblique plural fuers, nominative singular fuers, nominative plural fuer)

fuer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fuers (oblique plural)
fuers (nominative singular)
fuer (nominative plural)

price; value (financial or figuratively)


charbon

charbon oblique singular, m (oblique plural charbons, nominative singular charbons, nominative plural charbon)

charbon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
charbons (oblique plural)
charbons (nominative singular)
charbon (nominative plural)

French: charbon

Norman: tchèrbon, tcherbaon

Walloon: tcherbon


marbre

marbre oblique singular, m (oblique plural marbres, nominative singular marbres, nominative plural marbre)

marbre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
marbres (oblique plural)
marbres (nominative singular)
marbre (nominative plural)

→ English: marble

French: marbre


carpe

carpe oblique singular, f (oblique plural carpes, nominative singular carpe, nominative plural carpes)

carpe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
carpes (oblique plural)
carpe (nominative singular)
carpes (nominative plural)

→ English: carp

French: carpe


parc

parc oblique singular, m (oblique plural pars, nominative singular pars, nominative plural parc)

parc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pars (oblique plural)
pars (nominative singular)
parc (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: parc
French: parc (see there for further descendants)

Norman: parc

→ Italian: parco

→ Middle English: park, parc, parck, perke, paric
English: park
Yola: park

From Early Medieval Latin par(ri)cus (“fence, enclosure”).

inh

enclosed area, often fenced off, often in a clearing


neveu

fro-noun

neveu oblique singular, m (oblique plural neveus, nominative singular niés, nominative plural neveu)

neveu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
neveus (oblique plural)
niés (nominative singular)
neveu (nominative plural)


baule

baule oblique singular, f (oblique plural baules, nominative singular baule, nominative plural baules)

baule oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
baules (oblique plural)
baule (nominative singular)
baules (nominative plural)


nain

nain oblique singular, m (oblique plural nainz, nominative singular nainz, nominative plural nain)

nain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nainz (oblique plural)
nainz (nominative singular)
nain (nominative plural)

Middle French: nain

French: nain

From Latin nānus, borrowed from Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos), of onomatopoeic origin.

"Nains!", fet ele, "leisse m'aler!
A cel chevalier vuel parler

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

"Dwarf!" Said she "let me pass"
It's to the knight that I wish to talk


vapeur

vapeur oblique singular, f (oblique plural vapeurs, nominative singular vapeur, nominative plural vapeurs)

vapeur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vapeurs (oblique plural)
vapeur (nominative singular)
vapeurs (nominative plural)

elle se eschauffe et amoistit pour les vapeurs

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 155 of this essay:

It heats up and becomes moist by the vapors


parentage

parentage oblique singular, m (oblique plural parentages, nominative singular parentages, nominative plural parentage)

parentage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
parentages (oblique plural)
parentages (nominative singular)
parentage (nominative plural)

Jeo sui de bon parentage


tente

tente oblique singular, f (oblique plural tentes, nominative singular tente, nominative plural tentes)

tente oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tentes (oblique plural)
tente (nominative singular)
tentes (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: tente

English: tent

→ Russian: тент (tent)

French: tente

Possibly from Vulgar Latin *tenta, from the feminine of tentus, perfect passive participle of tendō, or alternatively from Early Medieval Latin or Late Latin tenda, itself possibly a contraction of *tendita, feminine of a variant Vulgar Latin participle *tenditus (instead of tentus, perfect passive participle of Latin tendō).

tent, temporary hut or other similar building


amitié

amitié oblique singular, f (oblique plural amitiez, nominative singular amitié, nominative plural amitiez)

amitié oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
amitiez (oblique plural)
amitié (nominative singular)
amitiez (nominative plural)


dignité

dignité oblique singular, f (oblique plural dignitez, nominative singular dignité, nominative plural dignitez)

dignité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dignitez (oblique plural)
dignité (nominative singular)
dignitez (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: dignitee

English: dignity

French: dignité

Borrowed from Latin dignitas, dignitatem. Cf. the inherited variant deintié.


richesse

richesse oblique singular, f (oblique plural richesses, nominative singular richesse, nominative plural richesses)

richesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
richesses (oblique plural)
richesse (nominative singular)
richesses (nominative plural)


pensé

pensé oblique singular, m (oblique plural pensez, nominative singular pensez, nominative plural pensé)

pensé oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pensez (oblique plural)
pensez (nominative singular)
pensé (nominative plural)


roque

roque oblique singular, f (oblique plural roques, nominative singular roque, nominative plural roques)

roque oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
roques (oblique plural)
roque (nominative singular)
roques (nominative plural)

(Old Northern French) Alternative form of roche


calice

calice oblique singular, m (oblique plural calices, nominative singular calices, nominative plural calice)

calice oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
calices (oblique plural)
calices (nominative singular)
calice (nominative plural)

(chiefly Christianity) chalice (alternative form of chalice)


victorie

victorie oblique singular, f (oblique plural victories, nominative singular victorie, nominative plural victories)

victorie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
victories (oblique plural)
victorie (nominative singular)
victories (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: victoire
French: victoire

→ Middle English: victory, victorie

English: victory, victorie
→ Maori: wikitōriatanga

Scots: veectory

Walloon: victwere


enfance

fro-noun

enfance oblique singular, f (oblique plural enfances, nominative singular enfance, nominative plural enfances)

enfance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
enfances (oblique plural)
enfance (nominative singular)
enfances (nominative plural)

French: enfance

desctree

→ Middle English: infancie, enfaunce, infancia, infancy, infaunce (in part)
English: infancy


tirant

fro-noun

tirant oblique singular, m (oblique plural tirans, nominative singular tirans, nominative plural tirant)

tirant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tirans (oblique plural)
tirans (nominative singular)
tirant (nominative plural)

→ English: tyrant

French: tyran

From Latin tyrannus, which gave the nominative singular form tirans, from which the oblique singular tirant was constructed, under the assumption the -s suffix had replaced -ts.

car il voloit le felon tirant

13th century, Unknown, La Vie de Saint Laurent, page 5, column 1, line 7:


vair

vair oblique singular, m (oblique plural vairs, nominative singular vairs, nominative plural vair)

vair oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vairs (oblique plural)
vairs (nominative singular)
vair (nominative plural)

French: vair

desctree

→ Middle English: veir, feir, vair, vaire, veire, ver, voir, ware
English: vair
Scots: vair (obsolete)
Yola: vier, wyer, vierd

→ Irish: véir

From the accusative singular masculine form of Latin varius.


avantage

fro-noun

avantage oblique singular, m (oblique plural avantages, nominative singular avantages, nominative plural avantage)

avantage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
avantages (oblique plural)
avantages (nominative singular)
avantage (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: advantage
French: avantage
→ Albanian: avantazh
→ Franco-Provençal: avantâjo
→ Greek: αβαντάζ (avantáz)
→ Polish: awantaż
→ Portuguese: vantagem
→ Romanian: avantaj
→ Spanish: ventaja
→ Turkish: avantaj

Champenois: aivantège

→ Middle English: avantage, avauntage

English: advantage

→ Welsh: mantais

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: auantaiẽ (Old Galician)

Galician: vantaxe


clarté

fro-noun

clarté oblique singular, f (oblique plural clartez, nominative singular clarté, nominative plural clartez)

clarté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
clartez (oblique plural)
clarté (nominative singular)
clartez (nominative plural)

English: clarity

French: clarté

Borrowed from Latin clāritās, clāritātem.

Tortices, grosses et ardanz,
Que la clartez estoit molt granz.

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:


lanterne

lanterne oblique singular, f (oblique plural lanternes, nominative singular lanterne, nominative plural lanternes)

lanterne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lanternes (oblique plural)
lanterne (nominative singular)
lanternes (nominative plural)

desctree

French: lanterne
→ Danish: lanterne
→ Dutch: lantaarn
→ Norwegian: lanterne
→ Romanian: lanternă
→ Swedish: lanterna

Norman: lantèrne

Walloon: lantiene

→ Middle English: lanterne, launterne, lantren, lantern
English: lantern
→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)
Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)
→ Irish: laindéar
→ Malay: lentera
Indonesian: lentera
→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)
Scots: lantern

lantern (box containing fire to provide light)


mache

fro-noun

mache oblique singular, f (oblique plural maches, nominative singular mache, nominative plural maches)

mache oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
maches (oblique plural)
mache (nominative singular)
maches (nominative plural)


leeches

inflection of leeche:
nominative singular


espoir

espoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural espoirs, nominative singular espoirs, nominative plural espoir)

espoir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espoirs (oblique plural)
espoirs (nominative singular)
espoir (nominative plural)

Middle French: espoir

French: espoir

→ Middle English: espeire

hope (wish; desire, usually for the future)


songe

songe oblique singular, m (oblique plural songes, nominative singular songes, nominative plural songe)

songe oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
songes (oblique plural)
songes (nominative singular)
songe (nominative plural)

French: songe


endroit

endroit oblique singular, m (oblique plural endroiz or endroitz, nominative singular endroiz or endroitz, nominative plural endroit)

endroit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
endroiz (oblique plural)
endroitz (oblique plural)
endroiz (nominative singular)
endroitz (nominative singular)
endroit (nominative plural)

Middle French: endroict

French: endroit

Norman: endret (Guernsey)

Substantivation of the adverb endroit, endreit, from Latin in directum.


folie

folie oblique singular, f (oblique plural folies, nominative singular folie, nominative plural folies)

folie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
folies (oblique plural)
folie (nominative singular)
folies (nominative plural)

French: folie

desctree

→ Middle English: folye, foly, folie, foli, foolie, fooli, fooly, ffoly, ffolye
English: folly
Scots: folly

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: folia

Galician: folía

Portuguese: folia


lige

fro-noun

lige oblique singular, m (oblique plural liges, nominative singular liges, nominative plural lige)

lige oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
liges (oblique plural)
liges (nominative singular)
lige (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: lege, leege, legge, legi, leyge, liage, liege, lyege, lyge
English: liege
Scots: liege

Disputed; thought to be of Germanic origin. See English liege.


cote

fro-noun

cote oblique singular, f (oblique plural cotes, nominative singular cote, nominative plural cotes)

cote oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cotes (oblique plural)
cote (nominative singular)
cotes (nominative plural)


oncle

oncle oblique singular, m (oblique plural oncles, nominative singular oncles, nominative plural oncle)

oncle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oncles (oblique plural)
oncles (nominative singular)
oncle (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: oncle
French: oncle (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: uncle

English: uncle (see there for further descendants)

From Vulgar Latin *aunclum, from Latin avunculus.


manciple

→ Middle English: maunciple
English: manciple

From Medieval Latin mancipiolum, diminutive of mancipium.

, Li Passions du roi Jhesu

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Ainsi alarent li deciple / Par tot lo mont et li manciple.

manciple (person in charge of storing food)


esbat

fro-noun

esbat oblique singular, m (oblique plural esbaz or esbatz, nominative singular esbaz or esbatz, nominative plural esbat)

esbat oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
esbaz (oblique plural)
esbatz (oblique plural)
esbaz (nominative singular)
esbatz (nominative singular)
esbat (nominative plural)

→ English: esbat

Middle French: esbat

French: ébat


duchesse

duchesse oblique singular, f (oblique plural duchesses, nominative singular duchesse, nominative plural duchesses)

duchesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
duchesses (oblique plural)
duchesse (nominative singular)
duchesses (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: duchesse, duches, duchez, duchasse, douches, dewchesse, dochesse, dwchesse, dukes
English: duchess
Scots: duches

French: duchesse
→ English: duchesse
→ Persian: دوشس (dušes)
→ Turkish: düşes


falconer

fro-noun

falconer oblique singular, m (oblique plural falconers, nominative singular falconers, nominative plural falconer)

falconer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
falconers (oblique plural)
falconers (nominative singular)
falconer (nominative plural)

→ English: falconer

French: fauconnier

(Anglo-Norman) falconer (person who breeds or trains hawks)


prisons

oblique/nominative plural of prison (“prison”)


prisons

inflection of prison (“prisoner”):
oblique plural

inflection of prison (“prisoner”):
nominative singular


leçon

leçon oblique singular, f (oblique plural leçons, nominative singular leçon, nominative plural leçons)

leçon oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
leçons (oblique plural)
leçon (nominative singular)
leçons (nominative plural)

→ English: lesson

French: leçon

From Latin lēctiō, lēctiōnem, possibly an early semi-learned borrowing (the standard inherited form would be *leiçon, *loiçon). See also the doublet lection.


salaire

→ English: salary

Middle French: salaire

French: salaire

From Latin salārium, probably a semi-learned borrowing. Cf. also salier, saler, which were inherited.

salary (fixed amount of money paid to a worker per month, per year, etc.)


departir

departir oblique singular, m (oblique plural departirs, nominative singular departirs, nominative plural departir)

departir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
departirs (oblique plural)
departirs (nominative singular)
departir (nominative plural)

English: depart

Middle French: departir

French: départir

From Late Latin departīre, present active infinitive of departiō, from Latin de + partiō. Or from de- + partir.


cité

cité oblique singular, f (oblique plural citez, nominative singular cité, nominative plural citez)

cité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
citez (oblique plural)
cité (nominative singular)
citez (nominative plural)


chape

chape oblique singular, f (oblique plural chapes, nominative singular chape, nominative plural chapes)

chape oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chapes (oblique plural)
chape (nominative singular)
chapes (nominative plural)

French: chape

desctree

→ Middle English: chape, schape
English: chape

→⇒ Old East Slavic: шапка (šapka) (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ Polish: czapka


colee

fro-noun

colee oblique singular, f (oblique plural colees, nominative singular colee, nominative plural colees)

colee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
colees (oblique plural)
colee (nominative singular)
colees (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: colee
Yola: cowlee


corone

corone oblique singular, f (oblique plural corones, nominative singular corone, nominative plural corones)

corone oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
corones (oblique plural)
corone (nominative singular)
corones (nominative plural)

French: couronne

desc

Norman: couorône, couoronne (continental Normandy) (continental Normandy); couraonne (Guernsey); couronne (Jersey)

desctree

→ Middle English: coroune
English: crown (see there for further descendants)
Scots: croun, croon
→ Welsh: coron

From Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).


cose

fro-noun

cose oblique singular, f (oblique plural coses, nominative singular cose, nominative plural coses)

cose oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
coses (oblique plural)
cose (nominative singular)
coses (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French) Alternative form of chose


culpe

culpe oblique singular, f (oblique plural culpes, nominative singular culpe, nominative plural culpes)

culpe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
culpes (oblique plural)
culpe (nominative singular)
culpes (nominative plural)


bille

bille oblique singular, f (oblique plural billes, nominative singular bille, nominative plural billes)

bille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
billes (oblique plural)
bille (nominative singular)
billes (nominative plural)

Middle French: bille

desctree

French: bille
→ Italian: biglia
→ Arabic: بِلْيَة (bilya)
→ Turkish: bilye
→ Portuguese: bilha
→ Vietnamese: bi


bille

→ Middle English: bille

English: bill


tans

fro-noun

tans oblique singular, m (oblique plural tans, nominative singular tans, nominative plural tans)

tans oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tans (oblique plural)
tans (nominative singular)
tans (nominative plural)

French: temps

Anglo-Norman: tens

→ Middle English: tens

English: tense

Le soper, quant tans fu et ore


enemisté

enemisté oblique singular, f (oblique plural enemistez, nominative singular enemisté, nominative plural enemistez)

enemisté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
enemistez (oblique plural)
enemisté (nominative singular)
enemistez (nominative plural)

English: enmity

French: inimitié

From Vulgar Latin *inimīcitās, *inimīticātem, from Latin inīmicus, based on inimīcitia.


quintals

inflection of quintal:
nominative singular


escale

escale oblique singular, f (oblique plural escales, nominative singular escale, nominative plural escales)

escale oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
escales (oblique plural)
escale (nominative singular)
escales (nominative plural)

French: écale

→ Middle English: scale

English: scale

Yola: skaulès (plural)

From Frankish *skala or another Old High German source skala /scāla. Cf. Proto-Germanic *skaljō, Frankish *skallija. Ultimately of the same source as the doublet escaille (“scale”).


espere

espere oblique singular, f (oblique plural esperes, nominative singular espere, nominative plural esperes)

espere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
esperes (oblique plural)
espere (nominative singular)
esperes (nominative plural)


espose

espose oblique singular, f (oblique plural esposes, nominative singular espose, nominative plural esposes)

espose oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
esposes (oblique plural)
espose (nominative singular)
esposes (nominative plural)

French: épouse f

Anglo-Norman: espuse f

→ Middle English: spous, spouse

English: spouse


espume

espume oblique singular, f (oblique plural espumes, nominative singular espume, nominative plural espumes)

espume oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
espumes (oblique plural)
espume (nominative singular)
espumes (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: spume
English: spume


guarde

guarde oblique singular, f (oblique plural guardes, nominative singular guarde, nominative plural guardes)

guarde oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guardes (oblique plural)
guarde (nominative singular)
guardes (nominative plural)

From the verb guarder, of Germanic origin (e.g. Frankish *wardēn).


guarde

guarde oblique singular, m (oblique plural guardes, nominative singular guardes, nominative plural guarde)

guarde oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guardes (oblique plural)
guardes (nominative singular)
guarde (nominative plural)


estudie

estudie oblique singular, f (oblique plural estudies, nominative singular estudie, nominative plural estudies)

estudie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
estudies (oblique plural)
estudie (nominative singular)
estudies (nominative plural)

French: étude (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: studie
English: study

Borrowed from Latin studium, possibly via the plural studia.


signe

signe oblique singular, m (oblique plural signes, nominative singular signes, nominative plural signe)

signe oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
signes (oblique plural)
signes (nominative singular)
signe (nominative plural)

Middle French: signe

French: signe

Borrowed from Latin signum. Compare the inherited seing.


ladres

inflection of ladre:
nominative singular


ladre

ladre oblique singular, m (oblique plural ladres, nominative singular ladres, nominative plural ladre)

ladre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ladres (oblique plural)
ladres (nominative singular)
ladre (nominative plural)

French: ladre


pasté

pasté oblique singular, m (oblique plural pastez, nominative singular pastez, nominative plural pasté)

pasté oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pastez (oblique plural)
pastez (nominative singular)
pasté (nominative plural)

French: pâté (see there for further descendants)

Norman: pâté

→ Middle English: paste

English: pastie, pasty


pité

pité oblique singular, f (oblique plural pitez, nominative singular pité, nominative plural pitez)

pité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pitez (oblique plural)
pité (nominative singular)
pitez (nominative plural)

→ English: pity

French: pitié

Norman: pitchi


planté

planté oblique singular, f (oblique plural plantez, nominative singular planté, nominative plural plantez)

planté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
plantez (oblique plural)
planté (nominative singular)
plantez (nominative plural)


planche

planche oblique singular, f (oblique plural planches, nominative singular planche, nominative plural planches)

planche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
planches (oblique plural)
planche (nominative singular)
planches (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: planke (see there for further descendants)

French: planche (see there for further descendants)

Norman: plianche

From Vulgar Latin planca, contracted from palanca, from Latin phalanga, possibly through the influence of planus. The Latin term derives from Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx).


pite

pite oblique singular, f (oblique plural pites, nominative singular pite, nominative plural pites)

pite oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pites (oblique plural)
pite (nominative singular)
pites (nominative plural)

→ English: pity


medre

medre oblique singular, f (oblique plural medres, nominative singular medre, nominative plural medres)

medre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
medres (oblique plural)
medre (nominative singular)
medres (nominative plural)

circa 980, La Vie de Saint Léger
Ciel ne fud nez de medre vius

(early Old French) Alternative form of mere


novele

novele oblique singular, f (oblique plural noveles, nominative singular novele, nominative plural noveles)

novele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
noveles (oblique plural)
novele (nominative singular)
noveles (nominative plural)

Middle French: nouvelle

French: nouvelle (see there for further descendants)

Norman: nouvelle

→ Middle English: novel

English: novel (“novelty”) (obsolete)

From Vulgar Latin *novella, from a substantivization of the neuter plural of Latin novellus.


orine

orine oblique singular, f (oblique plural orines, nominative singular orine, nominative plural orines)

orine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
orines (oblique plural)
orine (nominative singular)
orines (nominative plural)

From Vulgar Latin *aurīna, alteration of Latin ūrīna. Later replaced by urine, a borrowing from Latin.


orine

Gallo: orine

Middle French: orine

Norman: orine, ourène

Inherited from Latin orīginem. Doublet of origine, a borrowing.


orle

→ English: orle

French: orle

From Vulgar Latin *ōrula, a diminutive of Latin ōra (“edge”).

border; trim (of clothing, a cloth, etc.)


rasure

rasure oblique singular, f (oblique plural rasures, nominative singular rasure, nominative plural rasures)

rasure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rasures (oblique plural)
rasure (nominative singular)
rasures (nominative plural)


remede

remede oblique singular, m (oblique plural remedes, nominative singular remedes, nominative plural remede)

remede oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
remedes (oblique plural)
remedes (nominative singular)
remede (nominative plural)

English: remedy, remeid


rente

rente oblique singular, f (oblique plural rentes, nominative singular rente, nominative plural rentes)

rente oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rentes (oblique plural)
rente (nominative singular)
rentes (nominative plural)

French: rente

Poitevin-Saintongeais: rende

Walloon: rinte

→ Dutch: rente

→ English: rent

→ German: Rente

→ Old Spanish: renta

Spanish: renta

From Early Medieval Latin rendita, from the past participle of Late Latin rendere.


salive

salive oblique singular, f (oblique plural salives, nominative singular salive, nominative plural salives)

salive oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
salives (oblique plural)
salive (nominative singular)
salives (nominative plural)


teche

teche oblique singular, f (oblique plural teches, nominative singular teche, nominative plural teches)

teche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
teches (oblique plural)
teche (nominative singular)
teches (nominative plural)


termine

termine oblique singular, m (oblique plural termines, nominative singular termines, nominative plural termine)

termine oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
termines (oblique plural)
termines (nominative singular)
termine (nominative plural)


bezant

bezant oblique singular, m (oblique plural bezanz or bezantz, nominative singular bezanz or bezantz, nominative plural bezant)

bezant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bezanz (oblique plural)
bezantz (oblique plural)
bezanz (nominative singular)
bezantz (nominative singular)
bezant (nominative plural)


tumbe

tumbe oblique singular, f (oblique plural tumbes, nominative singular tumbe, nominative plural tumbes)

tumbe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tumbes (oblique plural)
tumbe (nominative singular)
tumbes (nominative plural)

Middle French: tumbe
French: tombe

Norman: tombe

Walloon: tombe

desctree

→ Middle English: tombe
English: tomb
→ Irish: tuama
→ Maori: toma
Middle Scots: tumb, towm

→ Middle Dutch:

Dutch: tombe

Limburgish: tómb


ulcere

fro-noun

ulcere oblique singular, m (oblique plural ulceres, nominative singular ulceres, nominative plural ulcere)

ulcere oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ulceres (oblique plural)
ulceres (nominative singular)
ulcere (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: ulcere
French: ulcère
→ Persian: اولسر (ulser)
→ Romanian: ulcer
→ Turkish: ülser
→ English: ulcer


neutre

fro-noun

neutre oblique singular, m (oblique plural neutres, nominative singular neutres, nominative plural neutre)

neutre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
neutres (oblique plural)
neutres (nominative singular)
neutre (nominative plural)


saumon

saumon oblique singular, m (oblique plural saumons, nominative singular saumons, nominative plural saumon)

saumon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
saumons (oblique plural)
saumons (nominative singular)
saumon (nominative plural)

desctree

French: saumon
Haitian Creole: somon
→ Romanian: somon
→ Turkish: somon

→ Middle English: samoun, salmon, samen, samon, samone, samown, samun, samwn, saumon, sawmoun, sawmun
English: salmon
→ Burmese: ဆယ်လမွန် (hcaila.mwan)
→ Hebrew: סַלְמוֹן (sálmon)
→ Hindi: सामन (sāman)
→ Japanese: サーモン (sāmon)
Scots: saumon, sawmon
Yola: zamoon


mantelet

fro-noun

mantelet oblique singular, m (oblique plural mantelés, nominative singular mantelés, nominative plural mantelet)

mantelet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mantelés (oblique plural)
mantelés (nominative singular)
mantelet (nominative plural)


pitié

pitié oblique singular, f (oblique plural pitiez, nominative singular pitié, nominative plural pitiez)

pitié oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pitiez (oblique plural)
pitié (nominative singular)
pitiez (nominative plural)


bagages

inflection of bagage:
nominative singular


consuetude

consuetude oblique singular, f (oblique plural consuetudes, nominative singular consuetude, nominative plural consuetudes)

consuetude oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
consuetudes (oblique plural)
consuetude (nominative singular)
consuetudes (nominative plural)

Middle French: consuetude

French: consuétude

→ Middle English: consuetude

English: consuetude

PIE word
 *ḱóm
 PIE word
 *swé
Learned borrowing from Latin consuētūdō. Doublet of coustume, which was inherited.


dortour

dortour oblique singular, m (oblique plural dortours, nominative singular dortours, nominative plural dortour)

dortour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dortours (oblique plural)
dortours (nominative singular)
dortour (nominative plural)

French: dortoir

→ English: dortoir, dortour

dormitory (room designed as sleeping quarters)


geste

geste oblique singular, f (oblique plural gestes, nominative singular geste, nominative plural gestes)

geste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gestes (oblique plural)
geste (nominative singular)
gestes (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: geste

English: jest


charme

charme oblique singular, m (oblique plural charmes, nominative singular charmes, nominative plural charme)

charme oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
charmes (oblique plural)
charmes (nominative singular)
charme (nominative plural)

Sicilian: ciarmu


bagage

bagage oblique singular, m (oblique plural bagages, nominative singular bagages, nominative plural bagage)

bagage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bagages (oblique plural)
bagages (nominative singular)
bagage (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: bagage, bagaige, baguage, baguaige
French: bagage (see there for further descendants)
→ Dutch: bagage
Afrikaans: bagasie
→ Dutch Low Saxon: begazie, pakkazie
→ Malay: bagasi
Indonesian: bagasi
→ Sranan Tongo: bagasi
→ Caribbean Javanese: bagasi

→ Middle English: bagage
English: baggage
Scots: baggage
→ Irish: bagáiste

→ Medieval Latin: bagāgium

Piedmontese: bagagi

From bague + -age, ultimately from Old Norse baggi.

baggage (luggage; that which one transports with one)


autel

fro-noun

autel oblique singular, m (oblique plural auteaus or auteax or autiaus or autiax or autels, nominative singular auteaus or auteax or autiaus or autiax or autels, nominative plural autel)

autel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
auteaus (oblique plural)
auteax (oblique plural)
autiaus (oblique plural)
autiax (oblique plural)
autels (oblique plural)
auteaus (nominative singular)
auteax (nominative singular)
autiaus (nominative singular)
autiax (nominative singular)
autels (nominative singular)
autel (nominative plural)

French: autel

Norman: autel

From a change of suffix from older alter, borrowed from Latin altāre.


crac

le Crac de Mont Real


manuel

manuel oblique singular, m (oblique plural manueus or manuex or manuels, nominative singular manueus or manuex or manuels, nominative plural manuel)

manuel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
manueus (oblique plural)
manuex (oblique plural)
manuels (oblique plural)
manueus (nominative singular)
manuex (nominative singular)
manuels (nominative singular)
manuel (nominative plural)


essai

essai oblique singular, m (oblique plural essais, nominative singular essais, nominative plural essai)

essai oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
essais (oblique plural)
essais (nominative singular)
essai (nominative plural)

Anglo Norman: assai

→ English: assay

Middle French: essai

French: essai

→ English: essay

From Late Latin exagium, from Latin exigō.


portage

portage oblique singular, m (oblique plural portages, nominative singular portages, nominative plural portage)

portage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
portages (oblique plural)
portages (nominative singular)
portage (nominative plural)

→ English: portage

→ Galician: portaxe

→ Italian: portaggio

→ Portuguese: portagem

→ Spanish: portaje

At least in sense 2, from Late Latin portāticum. By surface analysis, porte + -age.


terreur

terreur oblique singular, f (oblique plural terreurs, nominative singular terreur, nominative plural terreurs)

terreur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
terreurs (oblique plural)
terreur (nominative singular)
terreurs (nominative plural)

Middle French: terreur

French: terreur

desctree

→ Middle English: terrour, terrawr
English: terror
Scots: terror


ordinaire

fro-noun

ordinaire oblique singular, m (oblique plural ordinaires, nominative singular ordinaires, nominative plural ordinaire)

ordinaire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ordinaires (oblique plural)
ordinaires (nominative singular)
ordinaire (nominative plural)

First known attestation in 1260 as ordenaire, borrowed from Latin ōrdinārius.


coquille

coquille oblique singular, f (oblique plural coquilles, nominative singular coquille, nominative plural coquilles)

coquille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
coquilles (oblique plural)
coquille (nominative singular)
coquilles (nominative plural)

desc

Middle English: cokel, cokkel, kokkel, cocle

→ English: cockle

French: coquille

→ English: coquille

shell (hard protective outer layer of some animals)


goule

fro-noun

goule oblique singular, f (oblique plural goules, nominative singular goule, nominative plural goules)

goule oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
goules (oblique plural)
goule (nominative singular)
goules (nominative plural)

French: gueule

Gallo: goule, góll

Norman: dgeule, goule

Walloon: gueuye

From Latin gula (“gullet, throat, palate”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”).

De cel dragon dui rai issoient
Qui par la gole fors sailloient

Two rays came out of this dragon
Out of its mouth

Ne boivent pas, chacuns le coule,
Tant en antonnent par la goule

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence de la Griesche d'este:


mesel

mesel oblique singular, m (oblique plural meseaus or meseax or mesiaus or mesiax or mesels, nominative singular meseaus or meseax or mesiaus or mesiax or mesels, nominative plural mesel)

mesel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
meseaus (oblique plural)
meseax (oblique plural)
mesiaus (oblique plural)
mesiax (oblique plural)
mesels (oblique plural)
meseaus (nominative singular)
meseax (nominative singular)
mesiaus (nominative singular)
mesiax (nominative singular)
mesels (nominative singular)
mesel (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: mesel
English: measle, measles, mesel

Inherited from Latin misellus (“wretched”).

inh+

ou par gesir avec femme qui a dormi avec ung mesel

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 172 of this essay:

or by lying with a woman who has slept with a leper


branche

fro-noun

branche oblique singular, f (oblique plural branches, nominative singular branche, nominative plural branches)

branche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
branches (oblique plural)
branche (nominative singular)
branches (nominative plural)

French: branche

Champenois: brainche

→ Middle English: braunche

From Late Latin branca. More at English branch.


cheville

cheville oblique singular, f (oblique plural chevilles, nominative singular cheville, nominative plural chevilles)

cheville oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chevilles (oblique plural)
cheville (nominative singular)
chevilles (nominative plural)

French: cheville

Norman: g'vil'ye

/t͡ʃəˈvi.ʎə/

From Vulgar Latin *cāvicla < *cāvicula, from Classical Latin clāvicula, diminutive of clāvis (“key”).


trut

trut oblique singular, m (oblique plural truz or trutz, nominative singular truz or trutz, nominative plural trut)

trut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
truz (oblique plural)
trutz (oblique plural)
truz (nominative singular)
trutz (nominative singular)
trut (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: truc
French: truc (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Old Occitan truc, deverbal from trucar, from Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre.


peinture

fro-noun

peinture oblique singular, f (oblique plural peintures, nominative singular peinture, nominative plural peintures)

peinture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
peintures (oblique plural)
peinture (nominative singular)
peintures (nominative plural)

French: peinture

From Vulgar Latin *pinctūra, from Latin pictūra.


pansé

pansé oblique singular, m (oblique plural pansez, nominative singular pansez, nominative plural pansé)

pansé oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pansez (oblique plural)
pansez (nominative singular)
pansé (nominative plural)


digestif

digestif oblique singular, m (oblique plural digestis, nominative singular digestis, nominative plural digestif)

digestif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
digestis (oblique plural)
digestis (nominative singular)
digestif (nominative plural)

First known attestation circa 1265, borrowed from Late Latin dīgestīvus.

a digestive (substance that aids digestion)


sapience

sapience oblique singular, f (oblique plural sapiences, nominative singular sapience, nominative plural sapiences)

sapience oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sapiences (oblique plural)
sapience (nominative singular)
sapiences (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: sapience, sapiens, sapiense, sapyence, sapyens
English: sapience

Middle French: sapience

French: sapience

si come li sires qui vuet en petit leu amasser choses de grandisme vaillance […] por acroistre son pooir […] i met il les plus chieres choses et les plus precieux joiaus que il puet, selonc sa bone entencion, tout autressi est li cors de cest livre compilez de sapience

1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “Cist premiers livres parole de la naissance de toutes choses [This first book talks about the birth of all things]” (chapter 1), Livre I - Premiere partie, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 1:

Just like the lord, who wishes to accumulate very valuable things in a tiny place […] in order to increase his power, […] puts there—according to his good intention—the dearest things and the most precious jewels he can, so the body of this book is filled with knowledge


docteur

fro-noun

docteur oblique singular, m (oblique plural docteurs, nominative singular docteurs, nominative plural docteur)

docteur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
docteurs (oblique plural)
docteurs (nominative singular)
docteur (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin doctor, see doctor, doctur, etc.


croste

croste oblique singular, f (oblique plural crostes, nominative singular croste, nominative plural crostes)

croste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
crostes (oblique plural)
croste (nominative singular)
crostes (nominative plural)

Middle French: crouste

French: croûte

Norman: crôte

desctree

→ Middle English: cruste, croste, crouste, curst
English: crust
→ Welsh: crwst
Yola: crewst, crwest


contesse

fro-noun

contesse oblique singular, f (oblique plural contesses, nominative singular contesse, nominative plural contesses)

contesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
contesses (oblique plural)
contesse (nominative singular)
contesses (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: contesse, contese
French: comtesse
→ Danish: komtesse
→ English: comtesse
→ Turkish: kontes

→ Middle English: countesse
English: countess


coste

fro-noun

coste oblique singular, f (oblique plural costes, nominative singular coste, nominative plural costes)

coste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
costes (oblique plural)
coste (nominative singular)
costes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: coste
French: côte
Norman: côte

Walloon: coisse

→ Middle English: coste

English: coast

→ Irish: cósta

→ Middle Dutch: cost

Dutch: kust
Afrikaans: kus

→ Middle Low German: kost

→ Danish: kyst

German: Küste

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kyst

→ Swedish: kust


bref

fro-noun

bref oblique singular, m (oblique plural bres, nominative singular bres, nominative plural bref)

bref oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bres (oblique plural)
bres (nominative singular)
bref (nominative plural)


cotte

cotte oblique singular, f (oblique plural cottes, nominative singular cotte, nominative plural cottes)

cotte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cottes (oblique plural)
cotte (nominative singular)
cottes (nominative plural)

Middle French: cotte, cote

French: cotte

Norman: cotte (Guernesiais)

Walloon: cote (Liégeois)

→ Middle English: cotte, cote, coate

Scots: cot, cote

English: coat

→ Scots: coat

⇒ Old French: surcot, surcote, sorcot

→ Middle English: surcote

English: surcoat

→ Old Norse: surkot, syrkot

Icelandic: kot

Faroese: kot

From Latin cotta, Proto-Germanic *kuttô.


casse

casse oblique singular, f (oblique plural casses, nominative singular casse, nominative plural casses)

casse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
casses (oblique plural)
casse (nominative singular)
casses (nominative plural)

Norman: câsse

→ Middle English: cas

English: case

→ Irish: cás

Northern variant of central Old French chasse, from Latin capsa.

(Old Northern French) case (box; container, etc.)


feste

feste oblique singular, f (oblique plural festes, nominative singular feste, nominative plural festes)

feste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
festes (oblique plural)
feste (nominative singular)
festes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: feste
French: fête (see there for further descendants)

Norman: fête

→ Middle Dutch: fêeste (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: feeste (see there for further descendants)

From Late Latin fēsta, from the plural of Latin fēstum.

Et tuit li juene et li chenu
A une feste sont venu[.]

All all the young and the old
Came to a feast.


gambe

fro-noun

gambe oblique singular, f (oblique plural gambes, nominative singular gambe, nominative plural gambes)

gambe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gambes (oblique plural)
gambe (nominative singular)
gambes (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French) Alternative form of jambe


baterie

baterie oblique singular, f (oblique plural bateries, nominative singular baterie, nominative plural bateries)

baterie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bateries (oblique plural)
baterie (nominative singular)
bateries (nominative plural)

English: battery

French: batterie

From the verb batre + -ie, from Latin battuō (“I beat”).


fleche

fleche oblique singular, f (oblique plural fleches, nominative singular fleche, nominative plural fleches)

fleche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fleches (oblique plural)
fleche (nominative singular)
fleches (nominative plural)

Middle French: fleche

French: flèche (see there for further descendants)

Picard: flèche (Athois)

Walloon: flèche (Forrières)

→ Italy:

Emilian: frizza

Istriot: sfracia

Italian: freccia

desc

→ Sardinian: fleccia, freccia, fercia, frezza, frizza

Piedmontese: flecia, flascia

Romansch: frizza

Sicilian: fileccia, fleccia

→ Maltese: vleġġa

Venetian: frixa, fréça, frésa

→ Cimbrian: fritza

→ Iberia:

Aragonese: flecha

Asturian: flecha

Old Galician-Portuguese: frecha, flecha

Galician: frecha

Portuguese: flecha

Old Spanish: frecha, flecha

Spanish: flecha

→ Others:

Medieval Latin: flechia, flecha, flecca [13th c., France]

Middle Dutch: vlieke (reborrowing)

Dutch: vliek

Middle English: flecche


veue

fro-noun

veue oblique singular, f (oblique plural veues, nominative singular veue, nominative plural veues)

veue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
veues (oblique plural)
veue (nominative singular)
veues (nominative plural)


drap

drap oblique singular, m (oblique plural dras, nominative singular dras, nominative plural drap)

drap oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dras (oblique plural)
dras (nominative singular)
drap (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: drap
French: drap (see there for further descendants)
→? English: drab

Picard: drâp (Athois)

Walloon: drap (Liégeois)

→ Middle English: drape

English: drape

Scots: drape

From Late Latin drappus, of Germanic origin.


lou

fro-noun

lou oblique singular, m (oblique plural lous, nominative singular lous, nominative plural lou)

lou oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lous (oblique plural)
lous (nominative singular)
lou (nominative plural)

French: loup

From Latin lupus. Of dialectal origin or formed analogically from the feminine louve.


erbe

erbe oblique singular, f (oblique plural erbes, nominative singular erbe, nominative plural erbes)

erbe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
erbes (oblique plural)
erbe (nominative singular)
erbes (nominative plural)

French: herbe

Haitian Creole: zèb

desctree

→ Middle English: herbe, eerbe, erbe, ȝerbe, oerbe, yerbe
English: herb (dialectal yerb)
Scots: herb, yerb

Volapük: yeb

Walloon: yebe

herb (plant whose roots, leaves or seeds, etc. are used in medicine)


viron

fro-noun

viron oblique singular, m (oblique plural virons, nominative singular virons, nominative plural viron)

viron oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
virons (oblique plural)
virons (nominative singular)
viron (nominative plural)


cooing

cooing oblique singular, f (oblique plural cooinz, nominative singular cooing, nominative plural cooinz)

cooing oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cooinz (oblique plural)
cooing (nominative singular)
cooinz (nominative plural)


chen

chen oblique singular, m (oblique plural chens, nominative singular chens, nominative plural chen)

chen oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chens (oblique plural)
chens (nominative singular)
chen (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of chien


chevaliers

Qui est, qui est cil chevaliers?


doel

doel oblique singular, m (oblique plural doeaus or doeax or doiaus or doiax or doels, nominative singular doeaus or doeax or doiaus or doiax or doels, nominative plural doel)

doel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
doeaus (oblique plural)
doeax (oblique plural)
doiaus (oblique plural)
doiax (oblique plural)
doels (oblique plural)
doeaus (nominative singular)
doeax (nominative singular)
doiaus (nominative singular)
doiax (nominative singular)
doels (nominative singular)
doel (nominative plural)

French: deuil


frein

frein oblique singular, m (oblique plural freinz, nominative singular freinz, nominative plural frein)

frein oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
freinz (oblique plural)
freinz (nominative singular)
frein (nominative plural)

Middle French: frein m

desctree

French: frein m
→ Khmer: ហ្វ្រ័ង (frang)
→ Ottoman Turkish: فرن (fren), فرهن (fren)
Turkish: fren
→ Vietnamese: phanh


coussin

fro-noun

coussin oblique singular, m (oblique plural coussins, nominative singular coussins, nominative plural coussin)

coussin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
coussins (oblique plural)
coussins (nominative singular)
coussin (nominative plural)


pel

pel oblique singular, f (oblique plural peaus or peax or piaus or piax or pels, nominative singular pel, nominative plural peaus or peax or piaus or piax or pels)

pel oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
peaus (oblique plural)
peax (oblique plural)
piaus (oblique plural)
piax (oblique plural)
pels (oblique plural)
pel (nominative singular)
peaus (nominative plural)
peax (nominative plural)
piaus (nominative plural)
piax (nominative plural)
pels (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: peâ

Middle French: peau
French: peau

Unes pels fist de barbes granz

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 96, line 877:

he made a pelisse out of these great beards

pelisse (garment made from sewing together skins)


bisse

bisse oblique singular, f (oblique plural bisses, nominative singular bisse, nominative plural bisses)

bisse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bisses (oblique plural)
bisse (nominative singular)
bisses (nominative plural)

Middle French: biche

French: biche

From Vulgar Latin bīstia, variant of Latin bēstia. Doublet of beste.

Wace, Le Roman de Rou
Cum l'um prent bisse al piege


hostages

inflection of hostage:
nominative singular


seigneur

seigneur oblique singular, m (oblique plural seigneurs, nominative singular sire, nominative plural seigneur)

seigneur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
seigneurs (oblique plural)
sire (nominative singular)
seigneur (nominative plural)


socage

socage oblique singular, m (oblique plural socages, nominative singular socages, nominative plural socage)

socage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
socages (oblique plural)
socages (nominative singular)
socage (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: sokage

English: socage

socage (system whereby a tenant would pay a rent or do some agricultural work for the landlord)


theologie

theologie oblique singular, f (nominative singular theologie)

theologie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
theologie (nominative singular)

Middle French: theologie (see there for further descendants)

From Latin theologia, from Ancient Greek θεολογία (theología).


tavernier

tavernier oblique singular, m (oblique plural taverniers, nominative singular taverniers, nominative plural tavernier)

tavernier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
taverniers (oblique plural)
taverniers (nominative singular)
tavernier (nominative plural)
taverniers (masculine singular subjective)
taverniere (feminine singular subjective)
tavernier (masculine oblique singular)
taverniere (feminine oblique singular)
tavernier (masculine plural subjective)
tavernieres (feminine plural subjective)
taverniers (masculine oblique plural)
tavernieres (feminine oblique plural)

English: taverner

French: tavernier


charité

charité oblique singular, f (oblique plural charitez, nominative singular charité, nominative plural charitez)

charité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
charitez (oblique plural)
charité (nominative singular)
charitez (nominative plural)

→ English: charity

French: charité

Francization of Latin cāritās (“love, regard”).

Car Dieux est plains de charitei

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la chanson de Puille:


promesse

promesse oblique singular, f (oblique plural promesses, nominative singular promesse, nominative plural promesses)

promesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
promesses (oblique plural)
promesse (nominative singular)
promesses (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: promis, promisse

English: promise

French: promesse

Borrowed from Medieval Latin or Late Latin prōmissa (“promise”), from Latin prōmissum (“promise”), from promittō (“I send forth; I promise”).


pan

pan oblique singular, m (oblique plural pans, nominative singular pans, nominative plural pan)

pan oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pans (oblique plural)
pans (nominative singular)
pan (nominative plural)

French: pan

desctree

→ Middle English: pane, pan, panne, payn
English: pane
→ Japanese: ペイン (pein)
Scots: pane, peen
→ Irish: pána

Et de l'hauberc li runpirent les pans


ruit

fro-noun

ruit oblique singular, m (oblique plural ruiz or ruitz, nominative singular ruiz or ruitz, nominative plural ruit)

ruit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ruiz (oblique plural)
ruitz (oblique plural)
ruiz (nominative singular)
ruitz (nominative singular)
ruit (nominative plural)

→ English: rut

French: rut

Con s'i cachast un cherf de ruit.

c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion:

rut (period of sexual excitement in an animal)


salamandre

salamandre oblique singular, f (oblique plural salamandres, nominative singular salamandre, nominative plural salamandres)

salamandre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
salamandres (oblique plural)
salamandre (nominative singular)
salamandres (nominative plural)

Salamandre est dit, si cum truvum escrit,

c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire, line 660:

It is called salamander, which is how we find it written


glic

glic oblique singular, m (nominative singular glis)

glic oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
glis (nominative singular)


bonté

bonté oblique singular, f (oblique plural bontez, nominative singular bonté, nominative plural bontez)

bonté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bontez (oblique plural)
bonté (nominative singular)
bontez (nominative plural)


angoisse

angoisse oblique singular, f (oblique plural angoisses, nominative singular angoisse, nominative plural angoisses)

angoisse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
angoisses (oblique plural)
angoisse (nominative singular)
angoisses (nominative plural)

French: angoisse

→ Middle English: angwissh (see there for further descendants)


nausee

nausee oblique singular, f (oblique plural nausees, nominative singular nausee, nominative plural nausees)

nausee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nausees (oblique plural)
nausee (nominative singular)
nausees (nominative plural)


ju

ju oblique singular, m (oblique plural jus, nominative singular jus, nominative plural ju)

ju oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jus (oblique plural)
jus (nominative singular)
ju (nominative plural)


boscage

boscage oblique singular, m (oblique plural boscages, nominative singular boscages, nominative plural boscage)

boscage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
boscages (oblique plural)
boscages (nominative singular)
boscage (nominative plural)


seel

seel oblique singular, m (oblique plural seeaus or seeax or seiaus or seiax or seels, nominative singular seeaus or seeax or seiaus or seiax or seels, nominative plural seel)

seel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
seeaus (oblique plural)
seeax (oblique plural)
seiaus (oblique plural)
seiax (oblique plural)
seels (oblique plural)
seeaus (nominative singular)
seeax (nominative singular)
seiaus (nominative singular)
seiax (nominative singular)
seels (nominative singular)
seel (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: sceau
French: sceau
→ Norman: sceau

desc

→ Middle English: sel, sele, selle, cel, seal, seale, sealle, seil

desctree

English: seal
→ Punjabi: ਸੀਲ (sīl)
→ Sotho: sili
→ Swahili: sili

Scots: seal

seal (means of authentication for a letter, etc.)


seel

French: seau


fam

fro-noun

fam oblique singular, f (oblique plural fans, nominative singular fam, nominative plural fans)

fam oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fans (oblique plural)
fam (nominative singular)
fans (nominative plural)


messe

messe oblique singular, f (oblique plural messes, nominative singular messe, nominative plural messes)

messe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
messes (oblique plural)
messe (nominative singular)
messes (nominative plural)

Middle French: messe

French: messe

From Late Latin missa, from Latin missum.


bedel

bedel oblique singular, m (oblique plural bedeaus or bedeax or bediaus or bediax or bedels, nominative singular bedeaus or bedeax or bediaus or bediax or bedels, nominative plural bedel)

bedel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bedeaus (oblique plural)
bedeax (oblique plural)
bediaus (oblique plural)
bediax (oblique plural)
bedels (oblique plural)
bedeaus (nominative singular)
bedeax (nominative singular)
bediaus (nominative singular)
bediax (nominative singular)
bedels (nominative singular)
bedel (nominative plural)

Middle French: bedeau

French: bedeau

→ Italian: bidello

From Medieval Latin bidellus, bedellus, pedellus, from a merger of Frankish *bidil (“candidate, volunteer”) (from Proto-Germanic *bidilaz (“seeker”), from *bidjaną (“to ask, beseech”)) and Frankish *budil (“herald, beadle”) (from Proto-Germanic *budilaz (“herald”)). Akin to Old High German bitil (“candidate”), Old High German butil (“beadle”) (German Büttel), Old English bydel (“apparitor, messenger, beadle”) (English beadle).


borc

fro-noun

borc oblique singular, m (oblique plural bors, nominative singular bors, nominative plural borc)

borc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bors (oblique plural)
bors (nominative singular)
borc (nominative plural)


assaut

assaut oblique singular, m (oblique plural assauz or assautz, nominative singular assauz or assautz, nominative plural assaut)

assaut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
assauz (oblique plural)
assautz (oblique plural)
assauz (nominative singular)
assautz (nominative singular)
assaut (nominative plural)

French: assaut

→ Middle Dutch: assaut

Dutch: assaut

→ Middle English: assaut

English: assault

From Vulgar Latin *assaltus, modification of Latin assultus.

fist faire assaut a la dite cyté

They made an assault on the aforementioned city


presentment

presentment oblique singular, m (oblique plural presentmenz or presentmentz, nominative singular presentmenz or presentmentz, nominative plural presentment)

presentment oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
presentmenz (oblique plural)
presentmentz (oblique plural)
presentmenz (nominative singular)
presentmentz (nominative singular)
presentment (nominative plural)

→ English: presentment

presentation (act of presenting, of showing)

presentation (that which is presented, is given)


plaisance

plaisance oblique singular, f (oblique plural plaisances, nominative singular plaisance, nominative plural plaisances)

plaisance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
plaisances (oblique plural)
plaisance (nominative singular)
plaisances (nominative plural)

From the stem plais- of the verb plaisir + -ance.


vertu

vertu oblique singular, f (oblique plural vertus, nominative singular vertu, nominative plural vertus)

vertu oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vertus (oblique plural)
vertu (nominative singular)
vertus (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: vertu

Scots: virtue

English: virtue

Middle French: vertu

French: vertu


preuve

preuve oblique singular, f (oblique plural preuves, nominative singular preuve, nominative plural preuves)

preuve oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
preuves (oblique plural)
preuve (nominative singular)
preuves (nominative plural)


genealogie

genealogie oblique singular, f (oblique plural genealogies, nominative singular genealogie, nominative plural genealogies)

genealogie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
genealogies (oblique plural)
genealogie (nominative singular)
genealogies (nominative plural)


conté

conté oblique singular, m (oblique plural contez, nominative singular contez, nominative plural conté)

conté oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
contez (oblique plural)
contez (nominative singular)
conté (nominative plural)

English: county

Middle French: comté, conté

French: comté

Italian: contea

county (land ruled by a count or countess)


furet

furet oblique singular, m (oblique plural furez or furetz, nominative singular furez or furetz, nominative plural furet)

furet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
furez (oblique plural)
furetz (oblique plural)
furez (nominative singular)
furetz (nominative singular)
furet (nominative plural)

desctree

French: furet
→ Middle Dutch: furet, fret
Dutch: fret
→ German: Frett, Frettchen
→ Finnish: fretti

→ Middle English: furet, ferret

Scots: ferret

English: ferret

From Vulgar Latin *fūrittus (literally “little thief”) (compare Italian furetto), diminutive of Latin fūr (“thief”). See also fuiron (“weasel, ferret”), from Vulgar Latin *fūriō, fūriōnem, from Late Latin fūrō (“cat; robber”) (compare Spanish hurón), diminutive of Latin fūr (“thief”).


palme

fro-noun

palme oblique singular, f (oblique plural palmes, nominative singular palme, nominative plural palmes)

palme oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
palmes (oblique plural)
palme (nominative singular)
palmes (nominative plural)


philosophie

philosophie oblique singular, f (oblique plural philosophies, nominative singular philosophie, nominative plural philosophies)

philosophie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
philosophies (oblique plural)
philosophie (nominative singular)
philosophies (nominative plural)


degré

degré oblique singular, m (oblique plural degrez, nominative singular degrez, nominative plural degré)

degré oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
degrez (oblique plural)
degrez (nominative singular)
degré (nominative plural)

→ English: degree

French degré

Norman: dégré

Au pié descendent del degré

step (flat, horizontal surface on a staircase)

Suz le degré languist Tristrans

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 168, line 2025:


memorie

memorie oblique singular, f (oblique plural memories, nominative singular memorie, nominative plural memories)

memorie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
memories (oblique plural)
memorie (nominative singular)
memories (nominative plural)


prut

prut oblique singular, m (nominative singular pruz)

prut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pruz (nominative singular)

(early Old French) Alternative form of pro


laitue

laitue oblique singular, f (oblique plural laitues, nominative singular laitue, nominative plural laitues)

laitue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
laitues (oblique plural)
laitue (nominative singular)
laitues (nominative plural)

French: laitue

Norman: laitue (Jersey)

→ Middle Dutch: latuwe

Dutch: latuw

desctree

→ Middle English: letuse, letus, letys, letuce, letuze, letes, letows, letyse
English: lettuce
Scots: lettuce, lattice
→ Welsh: letys


vigur

fro-noun

vigur oblique singular, m (oblique plural vigurs, nominative singular vigurs, nominative plural vigur)

vigur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vigurs (oblique plural)
vigurs (nominative singular)
vigur (nominative plural)

→ English: vigor, vigour


hom

From Latin homō. The use as a pronoun is a calque from West Germanic (compare Middle High German man, Middle Dutch men).


fiance

fiance oblique singular, f (oblique plural fiances, nominative singular fiance, nominative plural fiances)

fiance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fiances (oblique plural)
fiance (nominative singular)
fiances (nominative plural)

From the verb fier + -ance or from Latin fidentia.

En tels vassals deit hom aveir fiance !

c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:

In such knights a man must have confidence!


possibilité

possibilité oblique singular, f (oblique plural possibilitez, nominative singular possibilité, nominative plural possibilitez)

possibilité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
possibilitez (oblique plural)
possibilité (nominative singular)
possibilitez (nominative plural)

French: possibilité

Norman: pôssibilité

→ English: possibility


queste

queste oblique singular, f (oblique plural questes, nominative singular queste, nominative plural questes)

queste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
questes (oblique plural)
queste (nominative singular)
questes (nominative plural)

→ English: quest

Middle French: queste

French: quête

→ Middle High German: queste

German: Quest

desctree

→ Middle Irish: coiste
Irish: coiste
Scottish Gaelic: coiste

From Latin quaesta, from quaesita, from quaesitus. Compare querre.


enfantement

fro-noun

enfantement oblique singular, m (oblique plural enfantemenz or enfantementz, nominative singular enfantemenz or enfantementz, nominative plural enfantement)

enfantement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enfantemenz (oblique plural)
enfantementz (oblique plural)
enfantemenz (nominative singular)
enfantementz (nominative singular)
enfantement (nominative plural)

Mais se c’est apres l’enfantement ce peut estre pour ce que l’air en mauvais et corumpu et pestilencieux

But if it's after child birth it could be because the air is bad, corrupted and pestilent


vil

head

vil m (oblique and nominative feminine singular vil or vile)

vil (feminine nominative oblique singular)
vile (feminine nominative oblique singular)

→ English: vile


hous

Middle French: hous, houx, houlx

French: houx

Norman: housse (Jèrriais)

Picard: hoûx (Athois), oûch

Walloon: hoû (Charleroi), hoûssê (Forrières), hoûs

Borrowed from Frankish *hulis (“holly”).


mandil

fro-noun

mandil oblique singular, m (oblique plural mandiz or mandilz, nominative singular mandiz or mandilz, nominative plural mandil)

mandil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mandiz (oblique plural)
mandilz (oblique plural)
mandiz (nominative singular)
mandilz (nominative singular)
mandil (nominative plural)


dragun

dragun oblique singular, m (oblique plural draguns, nominative singular draguns, nominative plural dragun)

dragun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
draguns (oblique plural)
draguns (nominative singular)
dragun (nominative plural)

Vint uns draguns flammanz mult cler

c. 1110, Benedeit, Le Voyage de saint Brandan:

Then a dragon appeared, breathing bright fire

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of dragon


macis

macis oblique singular, m (nominative singular macis)

macis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
macis (nominative singular)

Middle French: macis

desctree

→ Middle English: macys, maas, mace, maces, macez, macz, mases, masis, masys, mauce
English: mace
→ Japanese: メース (meisu)
→ Maori: meihi

French: macis
→ Greek: μασίς (masís)

From Medieval Latin macis, possible corruption of Latin macir, the name of a different spice, q.v.


albe

fro-noun

albe oblique singular, f (oblique plural albes, nominative singular albe, nominative plural albes)

albe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
albes (oblique plural)
albe (nominative singular)
albes (nominative plural)

French: aube

desctree

Middle English: awbe, abbe, albe, aube, hawbe, owbe (in part)
English: alb

From Vulgar Latin *alba, from Latin albus.


vigne

fro-noun

vigne oblique singular, f (oblique plural vignes, nominative singular vigne, nominative plural vignes)

vigne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vignes (oblique plural)
vigne (nominative singular)
vignes (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: vinne, viegne, veigne

desctree

→ Middle English: vine
English: vine
Scots: vine

Bourguignon: veigne

Middle French: vigne

French: vigne

Norman: vîngne

From Vulgar Latin vinia, from Latin vīnea (“vines in a vineyard”), from vīneus (“related to wine”), from vīnum (“wine”), from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“vine, wine”), from *weh₁y- (“to twist, wrap”).


chenu

fro-noun

chenu oblique singular, m (oblique plural chenus, nominative singular chenus, nominative plural chenu)

chenu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chenus (oblique plural)
chenus (nominative singular)
chenu (nominative plural)
chenus (masculine singular subjective)
chenue (feminine singular subjective)
chenu (masculine oblique singular)
chenue (feminine oblique singular)
chenu (masculine plural subjective)
chenues (feminine plural subjective)
chenus (masculine oblique plural)
chenues (feminine oblique plural)

French: chenu

From Late Latin cānūtus, from Latin cānus.

Et tuit li juene et li chenu
A une feste sont venu[.]

And all the young and old,
Came to a feast.


fenix

fenix oblique singular, m (oblique plural fenix, nominative singular fenix, nominative plural fenix)

fenix oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fenix (oblique plural)
fenix (nominative singular)
fenix (nominative plural)

French: phénix

Latin phoenix < Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix).

Fenix cinc cenz anz vit & un poi plus, çeo dit

c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire, line 1106:

A phoenix lives 500 years and a little bit more, it says


proces

proces oblique singular, m (oblique plural proces, nominative singular proces, nominative plural proces)

proces oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
proces (oblique plural)
proces (nominative singular)
proces (nominative plural)


farmacie

farmacie oblique singular, f (oblique plural farmacies, nominative singular farmacie, nominative plural farmacies)

farmacie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
farmacies (oblique plural)
farmacie (nominative singular)
farmacies (nominative plural)

→ English: pharmacy

French: pharmacie

Borrowed from Medieval Latin pharmacia, from Ancient Greek φαρμακεία (pharmakeía, “the use of drugs”).

der

laxative (substance, such as a food or in the form of a medicine which has a laxative effect)


sentier

fro-noun

sentier oblique singular, m (oblique plural sentiers, nominative singular sentiers, nominative plural sentier)

sentier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sentiers (oblique plural)
sentiers (nominative singular)
sentier (nominative plural)

French: sentier

→ Italian: sentiero

→? Middle English: santren

English: saunter

From Early Medieval Latin sēmitārius, derived from Latin sēmita. Attested from ca. 1100 (Song of Roland).


glorie

glorie oblique singular, f (oblique plural glories, nominative singular glorie, nominative plural glories)

glorie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
glories (oblique plural)
glorie (nominative singular)
glories (nominative plural)


sauge

sauge oblique singular, f (oblique plural sauges, nominative singular sauge, nominative plural sauges)

sauge oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sauges (oblique plural)
sauge (nominative singular)
sauges (nominative plural)

Middle French: sauge

→ Middle English: sauge

English: sage

Scots: sage

French: sauge

Norman: sauge


flot

flot oblique singular, m (oblique plural floz or flotz, nominative singular floz or flotz, nominative plural flot)

flot oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
floz (oblique plural)
flotz (oblique plural)
floz (nominative singular)
flotz (nominative singular)
flot (nominative plural)

Middle French: flot

French: flot

Picard: flôt (Athois)

Partly from Old Norse flóð (“stream, river, flood, massive flow of water”); partly from Frankish *flota (“flux, streaming flow”); and partly from Frankish *flōd (“river, flood”); all from Proto-Germanic *flōduz (“river”), Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *plōw- (“to pour, wash”).

der

wave, billow; surge on the surface of a body of water agitated by winds

a large expanse of moving water, flood; river


unité

fro-noun

unité oblique singular, f (oblique plural unitez, nominative singular unité, nominative plural unitez)

unité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
unitez (oblique plural)
unité (nominative singular)
unitez (nominative plural)

French: unité

→ Middle English: unite

English: unity

Scots: unitie

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin ūnitās, from ūnus (“one”) + -tās (“-ness”).