grappe

fro-noun

grappe oblique singular, f (oblique plural grappes, nominative singular grappe, nominative plural grappes)

grappe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
grappes (oblique plural)
grappe (nominative singular)
grappes (nominative plural)

Middle French: grape, grappe

French: grappe

→ Middle Dutch: krappe

Dutch: krappe

→ Middle English: grape

English: grape

→ Cornish: grappa

⇒ Old French: grappil

desc

Middle English: grapel, grapell, grabel, crappelle

Scots: graiple

English: grapple

⇒ Old French: grappin, grapin

Middle French: grappin

French: grappin

→ Galician: grampín

(collectively) fruits or flowers together


cortine

fro-noun

cortine oblique singular, f (oblique plural cortines, nominative singular cortine, nominative plural cortines)

cortine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cortines (oblique plural)
cortine (nominative singular)
cortines (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: courtine
French: courtine

Norman: courtine

→ Middle Dutch: gordine

Dutch: gordijn

→ German: Gardine

→ Middle English: curtine
English: curtain

Inherited from Late Latin cōrtīna (“curtain”).


avarie

fro-noun

avarie oblique singular, f (oblique plural avaries, nominative singular avarie, nominative plural avaries)

avarie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
avaries (oblique plural)
avarie (nominative singular)
avaries (nominative plural)

Middle French: avarie

→⇒ Middle English: average

English: average

French: avarie
→ Romanian: avarie

Borrowed from Old Italian avaria, of probable Arabic origin.

damage done to goods on a watercraft when they are thrown overboard due to a risk of the watercraft capsizing


buche

buche oblique singular, f (oblique plural buches, nominative singular buche, nominative plural buches)

buche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
buches (oblique plural)
buche (nominative singular)
buches (nominative plural)

Li quens Rollant ad la buche sanglente.

c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of boche


selve

selve oblique singular, f (oblique plural selves, nominative singular selve, nominative plural selves)

selve oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
selves (oblique plural)
selve (nominative singular)
selves (nominative plural)

From Latin silva (“forest, wood”), from Proto-Indo-European *swel-, *sel- (“mountain, ridge, forest”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *swiljō, *suljō (“beam, threshold”), whence Old English syll, sylle (“beam, large timber used as a foundation for a wall”) (Modern English sill). More at sill.


foreste

foreste oblique singular, f (oblique plural forestes, nominative singular foreste, nominative plural forestes)

foreste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
forestes (oblique plural)
foreste (nominative singular)
forestes (nominative plural)


pantere

pantere oblique singular, f (oblique plural panteres, nominative singular pantere, nominative plural panteres)

pantere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
panteres (oblique plural)
pantere (nominative singular)
panteres (nominative plural)

→ English: panther

French: panthère


lampe

lampe oblique singular, f (oblique plural lampes, nominative singular lampe, nominative plural lampes)

lampe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lampes (oblique plural)
lampe (nominative singular)
lampes (nominative plural)

Middle French: lampe
French: lampe

Walloon: lampe

desctree

→ Middle English: laumpe, lampe, lamp, lompe, lawmpe, lamppe
English: lamp
Tok Pisin: lam
→ Korean: 램프 (raempeu)
Scots: lamp

→ Irish: lampa

→ Italian: lampa
→ Egyptian Arabic: لمبة (lamba)
→ Greek: λάμπα (lámpa)

→ Middle Dutch: lampe

Dutch: lamp
Afrikaans: lamp
Berbice Creole Dutch: lampu
Jersey Dutch: lāmp
Negerhollands: lamp
→ Japanese: ランプ (ranpu)
→ Malay: lampu
Indonesian: lampu
→ Petjo: lampoe
→ Papiamentu: lampi
→ Sranan Tongo: lampu
→ Caribbean Hindustani: lamphu
→ Kari'na: lampu
→ Lokono: lampu
→ Trió: rama

→ Middle High German: lampe

German: Lampe (see there for further descendants)

Yiddish: לאָמפּ (lomp)

→ Middle Low German: lampe

→ Estonian: lamp

→ Old Norse: lampi

Danish: lampe

→ Faroese: lampa

Icelandic: lampi

Norwegian: lampe

Swedish: lampa

→ Finnish: lamppu

→ Veps: lamp

From Late Latin lampada, from Latin lampas, from Ancient Greek λαμπάς (lampás, “lamp, flambeau”).

der

.V. foles en i out, en lur lampes nent n'i out;

c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire, line 437:

There were five crazy women, they had nothing in their lamps


tempeste

fro-noun

tempeste oblique singular, f (oblique plural tempestes, nominative singular tempeste, nominative plural tempestes)

tempeste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tempestes (oblique plural)
tempeste (nominative singular)
tempestes (nominative plural)

French: tempête

desctree

→ Middle English: tempest
English: tempest
→ Middle Irish: tubaiste
Irish: tubaiste
Scottish Gaelic: tubaist


diete

fro-noun

diete oblique singular, f (oblique plural dietes, nominative singular diete, nominative plural dietes)

diete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dietes (oblique plural)
diete (nominative singular)
dietes (nominative plural)

English: diet

French: diète

Medieval Latin dieta, from Ancient Greek δίαιτα (díaita).


lavanderie

lavanderie oblique singular, f (oblique plural lavanderies, nominative singular lavanderie, nominative plural lavanderies)

lavanderie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lavanderies (oblique plural)
lavanderie (nominative singular)
lavanderies (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: lavendrie, launderie, lavandrie, lavendrey, lavendrye, lawndre
English: laundry

From Latin lavandaria, plural form of lavandarium, from lavare.

laundry (place where washing of clothes occurs)


cupe

fro-noun

cupe oblique singular, f (oblique plural cupes, nominative singular cupe, nominative plural cupes)

cupe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cupes (oblique plural)
cupe (nominative singular)
cupes (nominative plural)

Itant out li Quens un present
D'une cupe chiere d'argent

At this moment he presented the Count
With a valuable silver cup


ipocrite

ipocrites (masculine singular subjective)
ipocrite (feminine singular subjective)
ipocrite (masculine oblique singular)
ipocrite (feminine oblique singular)
ipocrite (masculine plural subjective)
ipocrites (feminine plural subjective)
ipocrites (masculine oblique plural)
ipocrites (feminine oblique plural)

English: hypocrite

French: hypocrite


menestrel

menestrel oblique singular, m (oblique plural menestreaus or menestreax or menestriaus or menestriax or menestrels, nominative singular menestreaus or menestreax or menestriaus or menestriax or menestrels, nominative plural menestrel)

menestrel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
menestreaus (oblique plural)
menestreax (oblique plural)
menestriaus (oblique plural)
menestriax (oblique plural)
menestrels (oblique plural)
menestreaus (nominative singular)
menestreax (nominative singular)
menestriaus (nominative singular)
menestriax (nominative singular)
menestrels (nominative singular)
menestrel (nominative plural)

Middle French: menestrel

Bourguignon: ménétrei

French: ménestrel

→ Italian: menestrello

minister of justice; one who enforces justice


laiche

laiche oblique singular, m (oblique plural laiches, nominative singular laiches, nominative plural laiche)

laiche oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
laiches (oblique plural)
laiches (nominative singular)
laiche (nominative plural)

From Latin laetitia (“great joy; pleasure”).


ordinarie

ordinarie oblique singular, m (oblique plural ordinaries, nominative singular ordinaries, nominative plural ordinarie)

ordinarie oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ordinaries (oblique plural)
ordinaries (nominative singular)
ordinarie (nominative plural)


unicorne

unicorne oblique singular, m (oblique plural unicornes, nominative singular unicornes, nominative plural unicorne)

unicorne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
unicornes (oblique plural)
unicornes (nominative singular)
unicorne (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: unicorne

desctree

→ Middle English: unicorne, unycorne, unycorn, unicorn, unikorn
English: unicorn
Scots: unicorn

French: licorne


françois

fro-noun

françois oblique singular, m (nominative singular françois)

françois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
françois (nominative singular)

Gallo: fraunceiz

desctree

Middle French: françoys, françois
French: français

→ Italian: francese, francioso
→ Romanian: francez

desc

→ Middle Dutch: fransois, fransoys, frantsoys

→ Middle High German: franzōs, franzois, franzoisch

German: Franzose

Luxembourgish: Fransous; franséisch

⇒ Middle High German: franzoisisch, franzœsisch

German: französisch

Hunsrik: franzeesisch

From France + -ois, corresponding to Early Medieval Latin francēnsis.

S'en sui plus dolenz, Salatin,
Quar en françois ne en latin
Ne finai onques de proier

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci commence le miracle de Théophile:

I am very sad about it, Satan
For neither in French nor in Latin
Have I stopped praying for you


palat

fro-noun

palat oblique singular, m (oblique plural palaz or palatz, nominative singular palaz or palatz, nominative plural palat)

palat oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
palaz (oblique plural)
palatz (oblique plural)
palaz (nominative singular)
palatz (nominative singular)
palat (nominative plural)

si est sans titillacion de l'uve et del palat et sans muscillaginité des narrienes


martire

martires (masculine singular subjective)
martire (feminine singular subjective)
martire (masculine oblique singular)
martire (feminine oblique singular)
martire (masculine plural subjective)
martires (feminine plural subjective)
martires (masculine oblique plural)
martires (feminine oblique plural)

French: martyr

desctree

→ Middle English: martir
Scots: mairtyr
English: martyr
→ Maori: matira

Norman: martyr

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).


veisin

fro-noun

veisin oblique singular, m (oblique plural veisins, nominative singular veisins, nominative plural veisin)

veisin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
veisins (oblique plural)
veisins (nominative singular)
veisin (nominative plural)


orage

orage oblique singular, m (oblique plural orages, nominative singular orages, nominative plural orage)

orage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
orages (oblique plural)
orages (nominative singular)
orage (nominative plural)

French: orage

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *aurāticum, derived from Latin aura (“wind, breeze”). By surface analysis, ore + -age.


clos

clos oblique singular, m (oblique plural clos, nominative singular clos, nominative plural clos)

clos oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
clos (oblique plural)
clos (nominative singular)
clos (nominative plural)

Norman: clios (Jersey), cllos (continental Normandy)

enclosed outdoor area, such as a field or a paddock


maille

maille oblique singular, f (oblique plural mailles, nominative singular maille, nominative plural mailles)

maille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mailles (oblique plural)
maille (nominative singular)
mailles (nominative plural)

French: maille

desctree

→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile
English: mail
Scots: mail

desc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)

Galician: malla

Portuguese: malha

From Vulgar Latin *macla, from Latin macula.

Hauberc li vest de buene maille

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

The hauberk clothed him with good chainmail


fontaine

fro-noun

fontaine oblique singular, f (oblique plural fontaines, nominative singular fontaine, nominative plural fontaines)

fontaine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fontaines (oblique plural)
fontaine (nominative singular)
fontaines (nominative plural)

→ Middle English:

English: fountain

Middle French: fontaine

French: fontaine

From Late Latin fontāna, from substantivation of the adjective Latin fontānus, from fōns.


tristur

tristur oblique singular, f (oblique plural tristurs, nominative singular tristur, nominative plural tristurs)

tristur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tristurs (oblique plural)
tristur (nominative singular)
tristurs (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of tristor


accide

accide oblique singular, f (oblique plural accides, nominative singular accide, nominative plural accides)

accide oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
accides (oblique plural)
accide (nominative singular)
accides (nominative plural)

Middle French: accide

French: accide

desctree

→ Middle English: accidie
English: accidie

From Late Latin accīdia, alteration of acēdia (“sloth, torpor”).


escluse

fro-noun

escluse oblique singular, f (oblique plural escluses, nominative singular escluse, nominative plural escluses)

escluse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
escluses (oblique plural)
escluse (nominative singular)
escluses (nominative plural)

Middle English: scluse, sluse (through Anglo-Norman)

English: sluice

Borrowed from Late Latin exclūsa, from Latin exclūsus.


alun

alun oblique singular, m (oblique plural aluns, nominative singular aluns, nominative plural alun)

alun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aluns (oblique plural)
aluns (nominative singular)
alun (nominative plural)


faucon

faucon oblique singular, m (oblique plural faucons, nominative singular faucons, nominative plural faucon)

faucon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
faucons (oblique plural)
faucons (nominative singular)
faucon (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: faulcon, faucon, falcon
French: faucon

desc

→ Middle English: faucoun, falcon, faucon, faukon

English: falcon

→ Irish: fabhcún


souler

fro-noun

souler oblique singular, m (oblique plural soulers, nominative singular soulers, nominative plural souler)

souler oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
soulers (oblique plural)
soulers (nominative singular)
souler (nominative plural)


sirop

sirop oblique singular, m (oblique plural siros, nominative singular siros, nominative plural sirop)

sirop oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
siros (oblique plural)
siros (nominative singular)
sirop (nominative plural)

desctree

French: sirop
Haitian Creole: siwo
→ English: sirop
→ Esperanto: siropo
→ Khmer: ស៊ីរ៉ូ (siirou)
→ Romanian: sirop
→ Russian: сиро́п (siróp)
→ Vietnamese: xi-rô

→ Middle Dutch: siroop

Dutch: siroop
Negerhollands: surop
→ Virgin Islands Creole: seropi (dated)
→ Indonesian: sirop, sirup
→ Japanese: シロップ (shiroppu)

→ Middle English: sirup, sirupe, siruppe, syrop, syroppe, syrope, sirop, syrip, syrippe
English: syrup
→ Hebrew: סירופ (siróp)
→ Japanese: シラップ (shirappu)
→ Korean: 시럽 (sireop)
→ Marshallese: jurub
→ Tsonga: sirapu
→ Welsh: surop
→ Zulu: isiraphu
Scots: seerup

From Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “beverage”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”).

Ce sirop cy oste souverainement opilacion de l’esplain et pour ce il vault en plusieurs choses.

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 154 of this essay:

This syrup gets rid of blockages of the spleen and many other things.


peigne

fro-noun

peigne oblique singular, m (oblique plural peignes, nominative singular peignes, nominative plural peigne)

peigne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
peignes (oblique plural)
peignes (nominative singular)
peigne (nominative plural)

French: peigne


parclose

parclose oblique singular, f (oblique plural parcloses, nominative singular parclose, nominative plural parcloses)

parclose oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
parcloses (oblique plural)
parclose (nominative singular)
parcloses (nominative plural)

→ English: parclose


muniment

muniment oblique singular, m (oblique plural munimenz or munimentz, nominative singular munimenz or munimentz, nominative plural muniment)

muniment oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
munimenz (oblique plural)
munimentz (oblique plural)
munimenz (nominative singular)
munimentz (nominative singular)
muniment (nominative plural)


pruner

pruner oblique singular, m (oblique plural pruners, nominative singular pruners, nominative plural pruner)

pruner oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pruners (oblique plural)
pruners (nominative singular)
pruner (nominative plural)


droiture

droiture oblique singular, f (oblique plural droitures, nominative singular droiture, nominative plural droitures)

droiture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
droitures (oblique plural)
droiture (nominative singular)
droitures (nominative plural)

droit + -ure. Compare Old Occitan drechura.


jugement

jugement oblique singular, m (oblique plural jugemenz or jugementz, nominative singular jugemenz or jugementz, nominative plural jugement)

jugement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jugemenz (oblique plural)
jugementz (oblique plural)
jugemenz (nominative singular)
jugementz (nominative singular)
jugement (nominative plural)

→ English: judgment

French: jugement

Norman: jugement (Jersey)

Walloon: djudjmint

jugier + -ment, or from Late Latin iūdicāmentum, jūdicāmentum, from Latin iūdicō (“pass judgement upon”). Compare Old Occitan jujament.


clamant

clamant oblique singular, m (oblique plural clamanz or clamantz, nominative singular clamanz or clamantz, nominative plural clamant)

clamant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
clamanz (oblique plural)
clamantz (oblique plural)
clamanz (nominative singular)
clamantz (nominative singular)
clamant (nominative plural)


candele

candele oblique singular, f (oblique plural candeles, nominative singular candele, nominative plural candeles)

candele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
candeles (oblique plural)
candele (nominative singular)
candeles (nominative plural)

French: chandelle

(Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French) candle


lection

lection oblique singular, f (oblique plural lections, nominative singular lection, nominative plural lections)

lection oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lections (oblique plural)
lection (nominative singular)
lections (nominative plural)

→ English: lection

Borrowed from Latin lectio, lectionem. See also leçon.


indicatif

indicatif oblique singular, m (oblique plural indicatis, nominative singular indicatis, nominative plural indicatif)

indicatif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
indicatis (oblique plural)
indicatis (nominative singular)
indicatif (nominative plural)


cors

cors oblique singular, m (oblique plural cors, nominative singular cors, nominative plural cors)

cors oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cors (oblique plural)
cors (nominative singular)
cors (nominative plural)

Middle French: cors

desctree

French: corps
Karipúna Creole French: kó
→ Danish: korps
→ English: corps
→ Dutch: corps, korps
→ German: Korps
→ Norwegian Bokmål: korps
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: korps
→ Romanian: corp (in part)
→ Swedish: kår

Walloon: coirps, corps

→ Middle English: corse

English: corpse

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: cos

Galician: cós

Portuguese: cós

m'est une anguisse el quer ferue, ki tut le cors me fet trembler

Such a pain has pierced my heart, that makes my whole body quiver


gelee

fro-noun

gelee oblique singular, f (oblique plural gelees, nominative singular gelee, nominative plural gelees)

gelee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gelees (oblique plural)
gelee (nominative singular)
gelees (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: jailée, gellée

Champenois: geulée

Franc-Comtois: dgeolaie

French: gelée

Lorrain: djalâie, djalauïe

Walloon: djalêye

desctree

→ Middle English: gele, jelyf, gelly, gelye, gelle, gelee, gely
English: jelly
Scots: jeely

/d͡ʒəˈleːðə/

From Early Medieval Latin gelāta, derived from Latin gelāre. By surface analysis, geler + -ee. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese geada.


anz

inflection of an:
oblique masculine plural

inflection of an:
nominative masculine singular


Turc

fro-noun

Turc oblique singular, m (oblique plural Turs, nominative singular Turs, nominative plural Turc)

Turc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Turs (oblique plural)
Turs (nominative singular)
Turc (nominative plural)

French: Turc

desctree

→ Middle English: Turke, Turc, Turk
English: Turk

From Medieval Latin Turcus, from Byzantine Greek Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos), from Classical Persian ترک (turk), from Middle Persian twlk' (Turk), from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥)


bulle

fro-noun

bulle oblique singular, f (oblique plural bulles, nominative singular bulle, nominative plural bulles)

bulle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bulles (oblique plural)
bulle (nominative singular)
bulles (nominative plural)

Middle French: bulle
French: bulle

→ Middle English: bulle

English: bull

Scots: bull, bul

Borrowed from Latin bulla. Compare bole.


ensaumple

ensaumple oblique singular, m (oblique plural ensaumples, nominative singular ensaumples, nominative plural ensaumple)

ensaumple oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ensaumples (oblique plural)
ensaumples (nominative singular)
ensaumple (nominative plural)


vouel

vouel oblique singular, m (oblique plural voueus, nominative singular voueus, nominative plural vouel)

vouel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
voueus (oblique plural)
voueus (nominative singular)
vouel (nominative plural)


hydromancie

hydromancie oblique singular, f (oblique plural hydromancies, nominative singular hydromancie, nominative plural hydromancies)

hydromancie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
hydromancies (oblique plural)
hydromancie (nominative singular)
hydromancies (nominative plural)

Middle French: hydromancie

French: hydromancie

From Late Latin hydromantīa, from Ancient Greek ὑδρομαντεία (hudromanteía), compound of ὑδρο- (hudro-, “hydro-, water”) + μαντεία (manteía, “divination”).


repos

fro-noun

repos oblique singular, m (oblique plural repos, nominative singular repos, nominative plural repos)

repos oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
repos (oblique plural)
repos (nominative singular)
repos (nominative plural)


anemi

anemi oblique singular, m (oblique plural anemis, nominative singular anemis, nominative plural anemi)

anemi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
anemis (oblique plural)
anemis (nominative singular)
anemi (nominative plural)


idolatrie

idolatrie oblique singular, f (nominative singular idolatrie)

idolatrie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
idolatrie (nominative singular)

English: idolatry

French: idolâtrie


suor

suor oblique singular, m (oblique plural suors, nominative singular suors, nominative plural suor)

suor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
suors (oblique plural)
suors (nominative singular)
suor (nominative plural)

French: sueur


propreté

propreté oblique singular, f (oblique plural propretez, nominative singular propreté, nominative plural propretez)

propreté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
propretez (oblique plural)
propreté (nominative singular)
propretez (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: propreté

desc

→ Middle English: propertee, properte, propirte, proprete

English: property

Middle French: proprieté

→ Middle English: propriete (“ownership”)

English: propriety

French: propriété

Borrowed from Latin proprietas, proprietatem.

ownership (the right to own, to possess)


foudre

fro-noun

foudre oblique singular, f (oblique plural foudres, nominative singular foudre, nominative plural foudres)

foudre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
foudres (oblique plural)
foudre (nominative singular)
foudres (nominative plural)

French: foudre

Norman: foudre

From Latin fulgura, nominative plural of fulgur.


rosier

rosier oblique singular, m (oblique plural rosiers, nominative singular rosiers, nominative plural rosier)

rosier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rosiers (oblique plural)
rosiers (nominative singular)
rosier (nominative plural)

French: rosier


frere

frere oblique singular, m (oblique plural freres, nominative singular frere, nominative plural frere)

frere oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
freres (oblique plural)
frere (nominative singular)
frere (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: frere
French: frère
Norman: frère (Guernsey), fréthe (Jersey)

→ Middle English: frere
English: friar
Scots: freer (archaic)

From Latin frāter, from Proto-Italic *frātēr, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


humidité

fro-noun

humidité oblique singular, f (oblique plural humiditez, nominative singular humidité, nominative plural humiditez)

humidité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
humiditez (oblique plural)
humidité (nominative singular)
humiditez (nominative plural)

Attested at least as early as 1377, borrowed from Latin humiditās.

Sextement, tu dois entendre que la cause prochaine de le lepre, c’est humidité causee de humeur melancolique qui retient proprieté et disposicion de humeur qui habunde.

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 186 of this essay:

Sixthly, you must understand that the next cause of leprosy is moistness caused by melancholic humor [bodily fluids] that retains the property and disposition of excess humor


cruauté

cruauté oblique singular, f (oblique plural cruautez, nominative singular cruauté, nominative plural cruautez)

cruauté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cruautez (oblique plural)
cruauté (nominative singular)
cruautez (nominative plural)

French: cruauté

Possibly from an unattested Vulgar Latin *crūdālitās, crūdālitātem (from Latin crūdēlitās), or from cruel + -té


estable

estable oblique singular, f (oblique plural estables, nominative singular estable, nominative plural estables)

estable oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
estables (oblique plural)
estable (nominative singular)
estables (nominative plural)

Middle French: estable
French: étable

Walloon: ståve

desctree

→ Middle English: stable, stabel, stabele, stabil, stabille, stabul, stabulle
English: stable
Scots: stable
→ Middle Irish: stábla
Irish: stábla
Scottish Gaelic: stàball


torche

fro-noun

torche oblique singular, f (oblique plural torches, nominative singular torche, nominative plural torches)

torche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
torches (oblique plural)
torche (nominative singular)
torches (nominative plural)

French: torche, (etymology 2) torque

→ Middle Dutch: tortse

Dutch: toorts

desctree

→ Middle English: torche, torghe, torge, torch
English: torch

From Vulgar Latin *torca (“coiled object”), from Latin torqua, variant of torquis.


verz

Blanches et verz, bloes et jaunes


pui

fro-noun

pui oblique singular, m (oblique plural puis, nominative singular puis, nominative plural pui)

pui oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
puis (oblique plural)
puis (nominative singular)
pui (nominative plural)

French: puits

well (structure from which water can be drawn)


barun

barun oblique singular, m (oblique plural baruns, nominative singular ber, nominative plural barun)

barun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
baruns (oblique plural)
ber (nominative singular)
barun (nominative plural)


apetit

apetit oblique singular, m (oblique plural apetiz or apetitz, nominative singular apetiz or apetitz, nominative plural apetit)

apetit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
apetiz (oblique plural)
apetitz (oblique plural)
apetiz (nominative singular)
apetitz (nominative singular)
apetit (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: appetit
French: appétit
→ Bulgarian: апетит (apetit)
→ Danish: appetit
→ Norwegian: appetitt
→ Portuguese: apetite
→ Romanian: apetit

→ Middle Dutch: appetijt

Dutch: appetijt
Afrikaans: aptyt
→ Sranan Tongo: apteiti

→ Middle English: appetit

English: appetite

Scots: appeteet

Learned borrowing from Latin appetītus. First known attestation 1180.

appetite (feeling of hunger or desire for food)


devin

fro-noun

devin oblique singular, m (oblique plural devins, nominative singular devins, nominative plural devin)

devin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
devins (oblique plural)
devins (nominative singular)
devin (nominative plural)

Middle French: devin m

French: devin m


guige

guige oblique singular, f (oblique plural guiges, nominative singular guige, nominative plural guiges)

guige oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guiges (oblique plural)
guige (nominative singular)
guiges (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: gige
→ English: guige

Frankish *widdja, which is probably related to Proto-Germanic *wiskaz (“bundle of straw, hay”) and modern Dutch wis (“twig, shoot”).


enfer

fro-noun

enfer oblique singular, m (oblique plural enfers, nominative singular enfers, nominative plural enfer)

enfer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enfers (oblique plural)
enfers (nominative singular)
enfer (nominative plural)

French: enfer

Norman: enfé

Walloon: infier


nient

French: néant

nothing; an empty state, a state of nothing


porche

porche oblique singular, m (oblique plural porches, nominative singular porches, nominative plural porche)

porche oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
porches (oblique plural)
porches (nominative singular)
porche (nominative plural)

French: porche

→ Irish: póirse

→ Latin: porchia

→ Middle English: porche

English: porch

porch (decorated or ornate entrance to a building)


vilain

vilain oblique singular, m (oblique plural vilainz, nominative singular vilainz, nominative plural vilain)

vilain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vilainz (oblique plural)
vilainz (nominative singular)
vilain (nominative plural)

French: vilain

Norman: vilain

→ Middle English: vilein

English: villain

From Late Latin vīllānus (“farm worker”), from Latin vīlla.


serpe

serpe oblique singular, f (oblique plural serpes, nominative singular serpe, nominative plural serpes)

serpe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
serpes (oblique plural)
serpe (nominative singular)
serpes (nominative plural)


fenestre

fenestre oblique singular, f (oblique plural fenestres, nominative singular fenestre, nominative plural fenestres)

fenestre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fenestres (oblique plural)
fenestre (nominative singular)
fenestres (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: fenestre
French: fenêtre
Haitian Creole: fenèt
Mauritian Creole: lafnet

Picard: fniète

Walloon: finiesse


geme

fro-noun

geme oblique singular, f (oblique plural gemes, nominative singular geme, nominative plural gemes)

geme oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gemes (oblique plural)
geme (nominative singular)
gemes (nominative plural)

French: gemme


borse

borse oblique singular, f (oblique plural borses, nominative singular borse, nominative plural borses)

borse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
borses (oblique plural)
borse (nominative singular)
borses (nominative plural)

Middle French: bourse

desctree

French: bourse
→ English: bourse
→ Persian: بورس (burs)
→ Romanian: bursă
→ Turkish: burs

Norman: bourse

English: burse

→ Middle Dutch: borse

Dutch: beurs
Afrikaans: beurs
Negerhollands: beers
→ Danish: børs
→ German: Börse
→ Norwegian: børs
→ Papiamentu: bèshi, bersji
→ Russian: би́ржа (bírža) (possibly via German) (see there for further descendants)
→ Swedish: börs
→ West Frisian: beurs


geometrie

fro-noun

geometrie oblique singular, f (nominative singular geometrie)

geometrie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
geometrie (nominative singular)


pompe

pompe oblique singular, f (oblique plural pompes, nominative singular pompe, nominative plural pompes)

pompe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pompes (oblique plural)
pompe (nominative singular)
pompes (nominative plural)


arche

arche oblique singular, f (oblique plural arches, nominative singular arche, nominative plural arches)

arche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
arches (oblique plural)
arche (nominative singular)
arches (nominative plural)

French: arche

→ Middle English: arch
English: arch


langouste

langouste oblique singular, f (oblique plural langoustes, nominative singular langouste, nominative plural langoustes)

langouste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
langoustes (oblique plural)
langouste (nominative singular)
langoustes (nominative plural)

French: langouste (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Old Occitan langosta, from Vulgar Latin lacusta, from Latin locusta, of uncertain origin. Cf. also the doublet laöste, laüste, laouste, which was inherited from the Latin, as well as locuste, which was a learned borrowing.


coverture

coverture oblique singular, f (oblique plural covertures, nominative singular coverture, nominative plural covertures)

coverture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
covertures (oblique plural)
coverture (nominative singular)
covertures (nominative plural)

English: coverture

French: couverture

From Late Latin coopertūra, from Latin coopertus; equivalent to covert + -ure, from covrir (“to cover”).

The saddle was without a cover.

Perceval ou le conte du Graal, Christian of Troyes sanz coverture fu la sele[.]


repletion

repletion oblique singular, f (oblique plural repletions, nominative singular repletion, nominative plural repletions)

repletion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
repletions (oblique plural)
repletion (nominative singular)
repletions (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin replētiō, replētiōnem.

il doit fuir grant replecion de viandes et de beuvrage

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 204 of this essay:

he must avoid excess of meat and beverages


vultur

vultur oblique singular, m (oblique plural vulturs, nominative singular vulturs, nominative plural vultur)

vultur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vulturs (oblique plural)
vulturs (nominative singular)
vultur (nominative plural)


sablon

sablon oblique singular, m (oblique plural sablons, nominative singular sablons, nominative plural sablon)

sablon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sablons (oblique plural)
sablons (nominative singular)
sablon (nominative plural)

Middle French: sablon

French: sablon (archaic)

From Late Latin sablō, sablōnem, from Latin sabulō, sabulōnem.


parcelle

parcelle oblique singular, f (oblique plural parcelles, nominative singular parcelle, nominative plural parcelles)

parcelle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
parcelles (oblique plural)
parcelle (nominative singular)
parcelles (nominative plural)

French: parcelle (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Dutch: parcheel, perceel

Dutch: perceel

→ Middle English: parcel

English: parcel


ortografie

ortografie oblique singular, f (oblique plural ortografies, nominative singular ortografie, nominative plural ortografies)

ortografie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ortografies (oblique plural)
ortografie (nominative singular)
ortografies (nominative plural)

French: orthographe

desctree

→ Middle English: ortographie, ortografye
English: orthography


oste

fro-noun

oste oblique singular, m (oblique plural ostes, nominative singular ostes, nominative plural oste)

oste oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ostes (oblique plural)
ostes (nominative singular)
oste (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: hoste

English: host

Middle French: hoste

French: hôte

→ Italian: oste

From Latin hospitem, the accusative singular of hospes.


anelet

anelet oblique singular, m (oblique plural anelez or aneletz, nominative singular anelez or aneletz, nominative plural anelet)

anelet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
anelez (oblique plural)
aneletz (oblique plural)
anelez (nominative singular)
aneletz (nominative singular)
anelet (nominative plural)

French: annelet


guichet

guichet oblique singular, m (oblique plural guichez or guichetz, nominative singular guichez or guichetz, nominative plural guichet)

guichet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guichez (oblique plural)
guichetz (oblique plural)
guichez (nominative singular)
guichetz (nominative singular)
guichet (nominative plural)


biche

biche oblique singular, f (oblique plural biches, nominative singular biche, nominative plural biches)

biche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
biches (oblique plural)
biche (nominative singular)
biches (nominative plural)


nonbre

nonbre oblique singular, m (oblique plural nonbres, nominative singular nonbres, nominative plural nonbre)

nonbre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nonbres (oblique plural)
nonbres (nominative singular)
nonbre (nominative plural)

French: nombre

desctree

Sicilian: nùmmiru, nùmmaru, nùmmuru
→ Maltese: numru

→ Middle Dutch: nommer

Dutch: nummer
Afrikaans: nommer
Berbice Creole Dutch: nombru
Petjo: nummer
→ Caribbean Javanese: nomer
→ Indonesian: nomer
→ Sranan Tongo: nomru
→ Trió: numuru
→ West Frisian: nûmer

Limburgish: nómmer

→ Middle English: nombre
English: number (see there for further descendants)
Scots: nummer


curs

fro-noun

curs oblique singular, m (oblique plural curs, nominative singular curs, nominative plural curs)

curs oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
curs (oblique plural)
curs (nominative singular)
curs (nominative plural)


vermine

vermine oblique singular, f (oblique plural vermines, nominative singular vermine, nominative plural vermines)

vermine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vermines (oblique plural)
vermine (nominative singular)
vermines (nominative plural)

French: vermine

desctree

→ Middle English: vermyn, vermayne, vermine, vermyne
English: vermin, varmint
Scots: vermin, vermil

From verm + -ine, or possibly a Vulgar Latin *verminum, from Latin vermis (“worm”).


acorde

fro-noun

acorde oblique singular, f (oblique plural acordes, nominative singular acorde, nominative plural acordes)

acorde oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
acordes (oblique plural)
acorde (nominative singular)
acordes (nominative plural)


purpresture

purpresture oblique singular, f (oblique plural purprestures, nominative singular purpresture, nominative plural purprestures)

purpresture oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
purprestures (oblique plural)
purpresture (nominative singular)
purprestures (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) purpresture; illegal seizure


fauchon

fauchon oblique singular, m (oblique plural fauchons, nominative singular fauchons, nominative plural fauchon)

fauchon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fauchons (oblique plural)
fauchons (nominative singular)
fauchon (nominative plural)


blasfemie

blasfemie oblique singular, f (oblique plural blasfemies, nominative singular blasfemie, nominative plural blasfemies)

blasfemie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
blasfemies (oblique plural)
blasfemie (nominative singular)
blasfemies (nominative plural)

→ English: blasphemy

French: blasphémie

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin blasphēmia, from Ancient Greek βλασφημία (blasphēmía, “profanity”), from βλασφημέω (blasphēméō, “to slander”). Compare the inherited blastenge, from blasphēmium.


suppositoire

fro-noun

suppositoire oblique singular, m (oblique plural suppositoires, nominative singular suppositoires, nominative plural suppositoire)

suppositoire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
suppositoires (oblique plural)
suppositoires (nominative singular)
suppositoire (nominative plural)

Attested at least as early as 1377 in Bernard de Gordon's Fleur de lys en medecine. Borrowed from Latin suppositorium.


castel

castel oblique singular, m (oblique plural casteaus or casteax or castiaus or castiax or castels, nominative singular casteaus or casteax or castiaus or castiax or castels, nominative plural castel)

castel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
casteaus (oblique plural)
casteax (oblique plural)
castiaus (oblique plural)
castiax (oblique plural)
castels (oblique plural)
casteaus (nominative singular)
casteax (nominative singular)
castiaus (nominative singular)
castiax (nominative singular)
castels (nominative singular)
castel (nominative plural)

N'i ad castel ki devant lui remaigne; / Mur ne citet n'i est remes a fraindre, / Fors Sarraguce, ki est en une muntaigne.

c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland, lines 4–6:

There's no fortress left in front of him; neither wall nor city remains to be destroyed, except for Zaragoza, which is on a mountain.

(Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French) Alternative form of chastel (“castle, fortress”)


coriandre

coriandre oblique singular, f (oblique plural coriandres, nominative singular coriandre, nominative plural coriandres)

coriandre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
coriandres (oblique plural)
coriandre (nominative singular)
coriandres (nominative plural)

French: coriandre
→ Romanian: coriandru

desctree

→ Middle English: coriandre, cellendre, coliandre, coliaundre, colliander, colyandre, colyaundre, coriaunder, coryandry, coryaundre
English: coriander
Scots: corrydander

Borrowed from Latin coriandrum, from Ancient Greek κορίαννον (koríannon).

les doit on cuire en plante d’eaue avec d’orge et avec coriandre nouvelle ou laictue ou avec fruitz frois

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 165 of this essay:

one must cook them with barley, fresh coriander or lettuce or with cold fruits


Romain

fro-noun

Romain oblique singular, m (oblique plural Romainz, nominative singular Romainz, nominative plural Romain)

Romain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Romainz (oblique plural)
Romainz (nominative singular)
Romain (nominative plural)
Romains (masculine singular subjective)
Romaine (feminine singular subjective)
Romain (masculine oblique singular)
Romaine (feminine oblique singular)
Romain (masculine plural subjective)
Romaines (feminine plural subjective)
Romains (masculine oblique plural)
Romaines (feminine oblique plural)

Middle French: Romain
French: Romain


paradis

paradis oblique singular, m (oblique plural paradis, nominative singular paradis, nominative plural paradis)

paradis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
paradis (oblique plural)
paradis (nominative singular)
paradis (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: paradis
French: paradis
→ Niuean: paratiso
→ Russian: паради́з (paradíz)
→ Tokelauan: palatiho

→ Old English: paradis
Middle English: paradis, paradise, paradys
English: paradise
Scots: paradise

From Latin paradīsus, from Ancient Greek παράδεισος (parádeisos), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah.


safran

fro-noun

safran oblique singular, m (oblique plural safrans, nominative singular safrans, nominative plural safran)

safran oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
safrans (oblique plural)
safrans (nominative singular)
safran (nominative plural)

French: safran

Norman: safran

→ Breton: safron

→ Middle Dutch: saffraen, soffraen

Dutch: saffraan

Afrikaans: saffraan

desctree

→ Middle English: saffron
English: saffron
→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)
→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)
Scots: sefron

→ Middle High German: saffrān

German: Safran

Luxembourgish: safran

Yiddish: זאַפֿראַן (zafran)

From Medieval Latin safranum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).


forche

fro-noun

forche oblique singular, f (oblique plural forches, nominative singular forche, nominative plural forches)

forche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
forches (oblique plural)
forche (nominative singular)
forches (nominative plural)


cit

From Latin cīvitās via the nominative singular. Compare citet, from the Latin accusative cīvitātem.


abondance

abondance oblique singular, f (oblique plural abondances, nominative singular abondance, nominative plural abondances)

abondance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
abondances (oblique plural)
abondance (nominative singular)
abondances (nominative plural)


vaillance

vaillance oblique singular, f (oblique plural vaillances, nominative singular vaillance, nominative plural vaillances)

vaillance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vaillances (oblique plural)
vaillance (nominative singular)
vaillances (nominative plural)

→ English: valiance

French: vaillance

From vaillant + -ance, or possibly from Late Latin valentia, from Latin valens.

si come li sires qui vuet en petit leu amasser choses de grandisme vaillance […] por acroistre son pooir […] i met il les plus chieres choses et les plus precieux joiaus que il puet, selonc sa bone entencion, tout autressi est li cors de cest livre compilez de sapience

1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “Cist premiers livres parole de la naissance de toutes choses [This first book talks about the birth of all things]” (chapter 1), Livre I - Premiere partie, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 1:

Just like the lord, who wants to accumulate very valuable things in a tiny place […] in order to increase his power, […] puts there—according to his good intention—the dearest things and the most precious jewels he can, so the body of this book is filled with knowledge


rivage

rivage oblique singular, m (oblique plural rivages, nominative singular rivages, nominative plural rivage)

rivage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rivages (oblique plural)
rivages (nominative singular)
rivage (nominative plural)

French: rivage

→ English: rivage

From Late Latin rīpāticum. Equivalent to by surface analysis, rive + -age.


meschine

meschine oblique singular, f (oblique plural meschines, nominative singular meschine, nominative plural meschines)

meschine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
meschines (oblique plural)
meschine (nominative singular)
meschines (nominative plural)


corne

corne oblique singular, f (oblique plural cornes, nominative singular corne, nominative plural cornes)

corne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cornes (oblique plural)
corne (nominative singular)
cornes (nominative plural)

French: corne

From Vulgar Latin *corna (taken as a feminine singular), from Classical Latin cornua, plural of cornū.


cofre

cofre oblique singular, m (oblique plural cofres, nominative singular cofres, nominative plural cofre)

cofre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cofres (oblique plural)
cofres (nominative singular)
cofre (nominative plural)

French: coffre

Norman: côffre

→ Catalan: cofre

desctree

→ Middle English: cofre, cofer, cofur, coffre, coffer, coffur, coofre, coofer, cophre
English: coffer
Scots: coffer
Yola: koaver

→ Middle Dutch: coffer

→ Middle High German: koffer

German: Koffer

→ Polish: kufer

→ Romanian: cufăr

→ Serbo-Croatian: kufer

→ Irish: cófra

→ Portuguese: cofre

→ Spanish: cofre

From Latin cophinus, from Ancient Greek κόφινος (kóphinos, “basket”).

der

chest (large box often used for storage)


houre

fro-noun

houre oblique singular, f (oblique plural houres, nominative singular houre, nominative plural houres)

houre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
houres (oblique plural)
houre (nominative singular)
houres (nominative plural)

→ English: hour

French: heure

A l'hore de disner, a l'ostex repaira

At dinnertime, he went back to his lodgings


gendre

gendre oblique singular, m (oblique plural gendres, nominative singular gendres, nominative plural gendre)

gendre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gendres (oblique plural)
gendres (nominative singular)
gendre (nominative plural)

desc

Bourguignon: genre, zinre, zindre, zenre, zainre

Champenois: genre

French: gendre

Lorrain: genre, dgenre, jar


gendre

French: genre (see there for further descendants)

Norman: genre

desctree

→ Middle English: gendre
English: gender (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Latin genere. Perhaps adapted in form to etymology 1.

type, kind, -kind (as in humaine gendre, gendre mortel "mankind")


liue

fro-noun

liue oblique singular, f (oblique plural liues, nominative singular liue, nominative plural liues)

liue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
liues (oblique plural)
liue (nominative singular)
liues (nominative plural)

French: lieue


anel

anel oblique singular, m (oblique plural aneaus or aneax or aniaus or aniax or anels, nominative singular aneaus or aneax or aniaus or aniax or anels, nominative plural anel)

anel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aneaus (oblique plural)
aneax (oblique plural)
aniaus (oblique plural)
aniax (oblique plural)
anels (oblique plural)
aneaus (nominative singular)
aneax (nominative singular)
aniaus (nominative singular)
aniax (nominative singular)
anels (nominative singular)
anel (nominative plural)

Middle French: anneau

French: anneau

Walloon: anea

Un anel d'or trait de sun dei

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 164, line 1980:


corf

corf oblique singular, m (oblique plural cors, nominative singular cors, nominative plural corf)

corf oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cors (oblique plural)
cors (nominative singular)
corf (nominative plural)

From Vulgar Latin *corbus < Classical Latin corvus.


raie

raie oblique singular, f (oblique plural raies, nominative singular raie, nominative plural raies)

raie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
raies (oblique plural)
raie (nominative singular)
raies (nominative plural)

English ray

French: raie

Norman: raie (Jersey)

First attested circa 1155, from Latin raia.


souple

head

souple m (oblique and nominative feminine singular souple)

souple (feminine nominative oblique singular)

circa 1170, La vie de St. Emonde


vewe

fro-noun

vewe oblique singular, f (oblique plural vewes, nominative singular vewe, nominative plural vewes)

vewe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vewes (oblique plural)
vewe (nominative singular)
vewes (nominative plural)


butor

butor oblique singular, m (oblique plural butors, nominative singular butors, nominative plural butor)

butor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
butors (oblique plural)
butors (nominative singular)
butor (nominative plural)


baptiste

baptiste oblique singular, m (oblique plural baptistes, nominative singular baptistes, nominative plural baptiste)

baptiste oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
baptistes (oblique plural)
baptistes (nominative singular)
baptiste (nominative plural)

French: baptiste

desctree

→ Middle English: baptiste, babtis, babtiste, baptist, baptyste
English: baptist, Baptist
Scots: baptist, Baptist

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin baptista, from Ancient Greek βαπτιστής (baptistḗs).


fraternité

fro-noun

fraternité oblique singular, f (oblique plural fraternitez, nominative singular fraternité, nominative plural fraternitez)

fraternité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fraternitez (oblique plural)
fraternité (nominative singular)
fraternitez (nominative plural)

English: fraternity

French: fraternité

Borrowed from Latin frāternitās, frāternitātem, from frāter (“brother”).

brotherhood (state of being brothers or a brother)


abri

abri oblique singular, m (oblique plural abris, nominative singular abris, nominative plural abri)

abri oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
abris (oblique plural)
abris (nominative singular)
abri (nominative plural)

Middle French: abri

French: abri

shelter (physical protection from harm, harsh conditions, etc.).


potier

potier oblique singular, m (oblique plural potiers, nominative singular potiers, nominative plural potier)

potier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
potiers (oblique plural)
potiers (nominative singular)
potier (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: pottere

English: potter

French: potier


sigle

sigle oblique singular, m (oblique plural sigles, nominative singular sigles, nominative plural sigle)

sigle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sigles (oblique plural)
sigles (nominative singular)
sigle (nominative plural)


autorité

autorité oblique singular, f (oblique plural autoritez, nominative singular autorité, nominative plural autoritez)

autorité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
autoritez (oblique plural)
autorité (nominative singular)
autoritez (nominative plural)

→ Middle Dutch: auctoriteit

desctree

Dutch: autoriteit
→ Indonesian: otoritet → otoritas

Middle French: auctorité
French: autorité
→ Romanian: autoritate

→ Middle English: auctorite, auctoritee, auctoryte, autorite, autoritee, autoryte, awtorite, outorytye
English: authority
Scots: authority, authoritie


ker

fro-noun

ker oblique singular, m (oblique plural kers, nominative singular kers, nominative plural ker)

ker oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
kers (oblique plural)
kers (nominative singular)
ker (nominative plural)


rebelle

rebelle oblique singular, m (oblique plural rebelles, nominative singular rebelles, nominative plural rebelle)

rebelle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rebelles (oblique plural)
rebelles (nominative singular)
rebelle (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: rebel, rabell, rebell, rebelle, reble, rebul, rebyll
English: rebel
Scots: rebel

French: rebelle


garçonnet

fro-noun

garçonnet oblique singular, m (oblique plural garçonnez or garçonnetz, nominative singular garçonnez or garçonnetz, nominative plural garçonnet)

garçonnet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
garçonnez (oblique plural)
garçonnetz (oblique plural)
garçonnez (nominative singular)
garçonnetz (nominative singular)
garçonnet (nominative plural)


gute

gute oblique singular, f (oblique plural gutes, nominative singular gute, nominative plural gutes)

gute oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gutes (oblique plural)
gute (nominative singular)
gutes (nominative plural)


flanc

flanc oblique singular, m (oblique plural flans, nominative singular flans, nominative plural flanc)

flanc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
flans (oblique plural)
flans (nominative singular)
flanc (nominative plural)

Middle French: flanc

French: flanc (see there for further descendants)

Jersey Norman: flianc

desc

→ Franco-Provençal: fllanc, hlyon, lyon, hyan, flian, flanc, flans, flan, flan

→ Middle English: flanc, flanke, flaunke

English: flank

Scots: flank

From Frankish *hlanka, from Proto-Germanic *hlankō. More at English flank.

El flanc senestre li a l'espié bagnié

12ᵗʰ Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:


mangier

fro-noun

mangier oblique singular, m (oblique plural mangiers, nominative singular mangiers, nominative plural mangier)

mangier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mangiers (oblique plural)
mangiers (nominative singular)
mangier (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: mainger

Morvandiau: miger

Champenois: mainger

desctree

Middle French: manger
French: manger (see there for further descendants)

Norman: maungier

Northern Cotentin: mougier

Picard: minger

Walloon: migner, magnî

→ Italian: mangiare
→ Dalmatian: mančur
→ Esperanto: manĝi
Ido: manjar
→ Macedonian: манџа (mandža)
→ Neapolitan: mangiare, magnare

→ Portuguese: manjar

→ Spanish: manjar

Inherited from Latin mandūcāre. The stressed stem menju- is rather formed by analogy with the infinitive stem mang-, instead of expected *mandu-.


faisan

fro-noun

faisan oblique singular, m (oblique plural faisans, nominative singular faisans, nominative plural faisan)

faisan oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
faisans (oblique plural)
faisans (nominative singular)
faisan (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: faisan
French: faisan
→ Romanian: fazan
Norman: faîsan (Jersey)

→ Middle English: fesaunt, fesant, fesaun, fesawant, feysan, feysaunt, ffesand, ffesaunt, ffeysaunt, phesant
English: pheasant
→ Welsh: ffesant
Scots: pheasant

→ Old Leonese:

Asturian: faisán

→ Middle Dutch: faisant, fasaen

Dutch: fazant
Afrikaans: fisant

→ Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: faisán

Portuguese: faisão

→ Old Spanish: faysan

→ Spanish: faisán
→ Tagalog: paysan

Inherited from Latin phāsiānus, from Ancient Greek φασιανός (phasianós).
The expected from would be *faisain, *feisain; the form in -an is probably influenced by Old Occitan faisan or by the word's Latin etymon.


poutre

fro-noun

poutre oblique singular, m (oblique plural poutres, nominative singular poutres, nominative plural poutre)

poutre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
poutres (oblique plural)
poutres (nominative singular)
poutre (nominative plural)

French: poutre

Probably from apocope of an earlier *poutrelle, from a Vulgar Latin *pultrella < pulitrella from the feminine of Latin pulliter, pullitrum, ultimately from pullus (“colt, youngling”).


nominatif

nominatif oblique singular, m (oblique plural nominatis, nominative singular nominatis, nominative plural nominatif)

nominatif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nominatis (oblique plural)
nominatis (nominative singular)
nominatif (nominative plural)


busse

busse oblique singular, f (oblique plural busses, nominative singular busse, nominative plural busses)

busse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
busses (oblique plural)
busse (nominative singular)
busses (nominative plural)

Angevin: busse

Franc-Comtois: busse

Lorrain: beusse

Norman: busse

Poitevin-Saintongeais: busse

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *buttia. Doublet of boisse.


garantie

garantie oblique singular, f (oblique plural garanties, nominative singular garantie, nominative plural garanties)

garantie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
garanties (oblique plural)
garantie (nominative singular)
garanties (nominative plural)

Middle French: garantie

French: garantie

→ English: guaranty, guarantee


hoste

hoste oblique singular, m (oblique plural hostes, nominative singular hostes, nominative plural hoste)

hoste oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hostes (oblique plural)
hostes (nominative singular)
hoste (nominative plural)


calefaction

calefaction oblique singular, f (oblique plural calefactions, nominative singular calefaction, nominative plural calefactions)

calefaction oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
calefactions (oblique plural)
calefaction (nominative singular)
calefactions (nominative plural)

French: caléfaction

Borrowed from Latin calefactiō, calefactiōnem.


estoile

estoile oblique singular, f (oblique plural estoiles, nominative singular estoile, nominative plural estoiles)

estoile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
estoiles (oblique plural)
estoile (nominative singular)
estoiles (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: étoile

English: estoile, Estella, Estelle

Gallo: esteill

desctree

Middle French: estoile
French: étoile
Haitian Creole: zetwal
Mauritian Creole: zetwal
Seychellois Creole: zetwal
→ English: étoile, etoile
→ Italian: étoile

Norman: êtaile, éteile, ételle, etel

Picard: étole

Walloon: stoele, sitoele

Inherited from Late Latin stēla, from Latin stēla.


piler

fro-noun

piler oblique singular, m (oblique plural pilers, nominative singular pilers, nominative plural piler)

piler oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pilers (oblique plural)
pilers (nominative singular)
piler (nominative plural)

French: pilier

Norman: pilyi

→ Middle English:

English: pillar

From Vulgar Latin *pilāre, from Latin pila.


carn

carn oblique singular, f (oblique plural carns, nominative singular carn, nominative plural carns)

carn oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
carns (oblique plural)
carn (nominative singular)
carns (nominative plural)

(early Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of char (flesh)


paiement

paiement oblique singular, m (oblique plural paiemenz or paiementz, nominative singular paiemenz or paiementz, nominative plural paiement)

paiement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
paiemenz (oblique plural)
paiementz (oblique plural)
paiemenz (nominative singular)
paiementz (nominative singular)
paiement (nominative plural)

ca. 1210, Villehardouin, La Conquête de Constantinople, 1961 ed., Paris: Les Belles Lettres, chap. VII, par. 208

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Et il enveoient a lui, et prioient que il lor feïst paiement de lor avoir, si com il lor avoit convint.


materas

materas oblique singular, m (oblique plural materas, nominative singular materas, nominative plural materas)

materas oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
materas (oblique plural)
materas (nominative singular)
materas (nominative plural)


riviere

riviere oblique singular, f (oblique plural rivieres, nominative singular riviere, nominative plural rivieres)

riviere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rivieres (oblique plural)
riviere (nominative singular)
rivieres (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: riviere
French: rivière
→ English: rivière

Norman: riviéthe

→ Middle Dutch: riviere

Dutch: rivier
Afrikaans: rivier
Jersey Dutch: rîver

→ Middle English: ryver, ryvere, river, rivere, rever, revere, revyr, reyvere
English: river
Scots: river

→ Italian: riviera

→ English: Riviera

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria.


fronce

fro-noun

fronce oblique singular, f (oblique plural fronces, nominative singular fronce, nominative plural fronces)

fronce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fronces (oblique plural)
fronce (nominative singular)
fronces (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: fronce
French: fronce
→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce
English: frounce

Borrowed from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).


contree

fro-noun

contree oblique singular, f (oblique plural contrees, nominative singular contree, nominative plural contrees)

contree oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
contrees (oblique plural)
contree (nominative singular)
contrees (nominative plural)

Middle English: contree

English: country

Middle French: contree

French: contrée

From Vulgar Latin *(terra) contrata (“facing land”), from Latin contra.


monie

fro-noun

monie oblique singular, m (oblique plural monies, nominative singular monies, nominative plural monie)

monie oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
monies (oblique plural)
monies (nominative singular)
monie (nominative plural)

Middle French: moine
French: moine

Norman: mouaine, mouène

Walloon: moenne

Inherited from Late Latin monicus, variant of monachus.


blason

blason oblique singular, m (oblique plural blasons, nominative singular blas, nominative plural blason)

blason oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
blasons (oblique plural)
blas (nominative singular)
blason (nominative plural)

Middle French: blason, blazon

French: blason

desctree

→ Middle English: blasoun, blason, blazoun
English: blazon

→ Middle Dutch: blasoen

Dutch: blazoen

→ Italian: blasone

→ Spanish: blasón

→ Portuguese: brasão

From Vulgar Latin *blasō, of unknown origin. Connected by some to the root of English blaze, but the OED rejects this. Cognate with Occitan blezo.


clementia

fro-noun

clementia oblique singular, f (oblique plural clementias, nominative singular clementia, nominative plural clementias)

clementia oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
clementias (oblique plural)
clementia (nominative singular)
clementias (nominative plural)


piere

piere oblique singular, f (oblique plural pieres, nominative singular piere, nominative plural pieres)

piere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pieres (oblique plural)
piere (nominative singular)
pieres (nominative plural)


magnes

inflection of magne:
masculine oblique plural

inflection of magne:
masculine nominative singular

inflection of magne:
feminine oblique/nominative plural


ruine

ruine oblique singular, f (oblique plural ruines, nominative singular ruine, nominative plural ruines)

ruine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ruines (oblique plural)
ruine (nominative singular)
ruines (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: ruyne, ruyen, ruine, ruynne, rewen, ruyn, ruene, ruen, rueyne
English: ruin
Scots: ruin

Middle French: ruyne

French: ruine

ruin (remnant of something that has been damaged or destroyed)


garant

fro-noun

garant oblique singular, m (oblique plural garanz or garantz, nominative singular garanz or garantz, nominative plural garant)

garant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
garanz (oblique plural)
garantz (oblique plural)
garanz (nominative singular)
garantz (nominative singular)
garant (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: warant, warand, warrant

→ Middle English: warant

desctree

English: warrant
→ Cantonese: 窩輪／窝轮 (wo¹ leon⁴⁻²), 花令
→ Italian: warrant

Scots: warrand

Middle French: garant

French: garant (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Middle English: garant, garrant, garraunt

→ Italian: garante

→ Old Occitan:

Catalan: garant

Occitan: garant

desctree

→ Spanish: garante
→? English: guarantee


tousse

fro-noun

tousse oblique singular, f (oblique plural tousses, nominative singular tousse, nominative plural tousses)

tousse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tousses (oblique plural)
tousse (nominative singular)
tousses (nominative plural)

la tousse est seche

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 194 of this essay:


crenel

crenel oblique singular, m (oblique plural creneaus or creneax or creniaus or creniax or crenels, nominative singular creneaus or creneax or creniaus or creniax or crenels, nominative plural crenel)

crenel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
creneaus (oblique plural)
creneax (oblique plural)
creniaus (oblique plural)
creniax (oblique plural)
crenels (oblique plural)
creneaus (nominative singular)
creneax (nominative singular)
creniaus (nominative singular)
creniax (nominative singular)
crenels (nominative singular)
crenel (nominative plural)


feid

feid oblique singular, f (oblique plural feiz or feitz, nominative singular feid, nominative plural feiz or feitz)

feid oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
feiz (oblique plural)
feitz (oblique plural)
feid (nominative singular)
feiz (nominative plural)
feitz (nominative plural)

(early Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of foi


fiole

fiole oblique singular, f (oblique plural fioles, nominative singular fiole, nominative plural fioles)

fiole oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fioles (oblique plural)
fiole (nominative singular)
fioles (nominative plural)

French: fiole

desctree

→ Middle English: fiole, fyol, fyole, viol, viole, vyole, vyel, phial, vyall, vyolle, fyall, phiole, fyoll
English: vial, phial
→ Welsh: ffiol

From Late Latin fiola, from Latin phiala, from Ancient Greek φιάλη (phiálē).


seint

fro-noun

seint oblique singular, m (oblique plural seinz or seintz, nominative singular seinz or seintz, nominative plural seint)

seint oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
seinz (oblique plural)
seintz (oblique plural)
seinz (nominative singular)
seintz (nominative singular)
seint (nominative plural)

Le Vilain qui conquist paradis par plaid
Garda à destre vers le ciel,
Et vit l'archangle seint Michiel
(the soul) looked right towards the sky
and saw the Archangel Saint Michael

meïsmes l'an, aprés la Seint Jehan

the same year, after the saint John holiday


ensample

ensample oblique singular, m (oblique plural ensamples, nominative singular ensamples, nominative plural ensample)

ensample oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ensamples (oblique plural)
ensamples (nominative singular)
ensample (nominative plural)


cambre

cambre oblique singular, f (oblique plural cambres, nominative singular cambre, nominative plural cambres)

cambre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cambres (oblique plural)
cambre (nominative singular)
cambres (nominative plural)


coute

coute oblique singular, m (oblique plural coutes, nominative singular coutes, nominative plural coute)

coute oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
coutes (oblique plural)
coutes (nominative singular)
coute (nominative plural)

French: coude
Haitian Creole: koud

Norman: coute, kut (Sark)

Walloon: keute


bouge

bouge oblique singular, m (oblique plural bouges, nominative singular bouges, nominative plural bouge)

bouge oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bouges (oblique plural)
bouges (nominative singular)
bouge (nominative plural)

French: bouge

→? Italian: bolgia

→ Middle English: bulge, boulge

English: bulge

→ Middle English: bouge

English: budge

Probably a borrowing from Latin bulga, itself from Gaulish bolgā (“bag, sack”).

budget

→ Middle English: bogett, bouget, bowgette


verdit

verdit oblique singular, m (oblique plural verdiz or verditz, nominative singular verdiz or verditz, nominative plural verdit)

verdit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
verdiz (oblique plural)
verditz (oblique plural)
verdiz (nominative singular)
verditz (nominative singular)
verdit (nominative plural)

→ English: verdict


criquet

criquet oblique singular, m (oblique plural criquez or criquetz, nominative singular criquez or criquetz, nominative plural criquet)

criquet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
criquez (oblique plural)
criquetz (oblique plural)
criquez (nominative singular)
criquetz (nominative singular)
criquet (nominative plural)


plaigne

plaigne oblique singular, f (oblique plural plaignes, nominative singular plaigne, nominative plural plaignes)

plaigne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
plaignes (oblique plural)
plaigne (nominative singular)
plaignes (nominative plural)

Lors deschent li rois aual & se herberge en la plaigne desous sor les fontaines qui i sont.

c. 1220, Lancelot du Lac; republished as Heinrich Oskar Sommer, editor, The Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances […], volume 3, Le Livre de Lancelot del Lac, Part I, 1910, page 157:

Then the king descended downstream and took shelter in the plain below, atop the fountains that were there.

Alternative form of plain (“plain, flat area”)


oint

oint oblique singular, m (oblique plural oinz or ointz, nominative singular oinz or ointz, nominative plural oint)

oint oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oinz (oblique plural)
ointz (oblique plural)
oinz (nominative singular)
ointz (nominative singular)
oint (nominative plural)


pucelage

pucelage oblique singular, m (oblique plural pucelages, nominative singular pucelages, nominative plural pucelage)

pucelage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pucelages (oblique plural)
pucelages (nominative singular)
pucelage (nominative plural)

→ English: pucelage

French: pucelage

perdi, dame, mun pucelage

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 134, line 1428:


estuve

estuve oblique singular, f (oblique plural estuves, nominative singular estuve, nominative plural estuves)

estuve oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
estuves (oblique plural)
estuve (nominative singular)
estuves (nominative plural)

French: étuve

[A]n lor chaufast eve an estuve

They heated some water for them in a steam-bath


esté

esté oblique singular, m (oblique plural estez, nominative singular estez, nominative plural esté)

esté oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
estez (oblique plural)
estez (nominative singular)
esté (nominative plural)

Middle French: esté

French: été

Norman: êté (Jersey), étaï (Guernsey)


supe

supe oblique singular, f (oblique plural supes, nominative singular supe, nominative plural supes)

supe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
supes (oblique plural)
supe (nominative singular)
supes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: souppe
French: soupe (see there for further descendants)
Norman: soupe, souope (continental Normandy)
→ Dutch: soep
Afrikaans: soep
Negerhollands: soep, sop
→ Caribbean Hindustani: supu
→ Caribbean Javanese: sop, sup, supu
→ Indonesian: sup
→ Papiamentu: sòpi (from the diminutive), soppi
→ Middle English: soupe, sowpe
English: soup

→ Middle High German: suppe

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: supp

Mòcheno: supp

q

with influence from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="dum">sope</i>

German: Suppe (with influence from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch sope) (see there for further descendants)

Hunsrik: Supp

Luxembourgish: Zopp

Pennsylvania German: Supp

Yiddish: זופּ (zup)

From Late Latin suppa (“sopped bread”), from Proto-Germanic *supô.


saisine

fro-noun

saisine oblique singular, f (oblique plural saisines, nominative singular saisine, nominative plural saisines)

saisine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
saisines (oblique plural)
saisine (nominative singular)
saisines (nominative plural)

French: saisine

→ Scots: sasine


tamarinde

desctree

→ Italian: tamarindo
→ German: Tamarinde
→ Danish: tamarinde
→ Dutch: tamarinde

Middle French: tamarinde, tamarin

French: tamarin

→ Middle English: thamarynde, tamarinde, tamarynde, tamarindi
English: tamarind

From Medieval Latin tamarindus, from Arabic تَمْر هِنْدِيّ (tamr hindiyy, literally “Indian date”).

der

تَمْر هِنْدِيّ


millier

fro-noun

millier oblique singular, m (oblique plural milliers, nominative singular milliers, nominative plural millier)

millier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
milliers (oblique plural)
milliers (nominative singular)
millier (nominative plural)


ivoire

ivoire oblique singular, m (oblique plural ivoires, nominative singular ivoires, nominative plural ivoire)

ivoire oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ivoires (oblique plural)
ivoires (nominative singular)
ivoire (nominative plural)

ne diroit mie que li dant
ne fussent d'ivoire ou d'argent

you wouldn't say that the teeth are made of ivory or of silver


enseignement

enseignement oblique singular, m (oblique plural enseignemenz or enseignementz, nominative singular enseignemenz or enseignementz, nominative plural enseignement)

enseignement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enseignemenz (oblique plural)
enseignementz (oblique plural)
enseignemenz (nominative singular)
enseignementz (nominative singular)
enseignement (nominative plural)

[Elle] valt mielz de vus, dame reïne
de cors, de vis e de bealté,
d'enseignement e de bunté.

[She] is worth more than you, Your Majesty
in body, in her face, in beauty
in education and in goodness.


mers

mers oblique singular, f (oblique plural mers, nominative singular mers, nominative plural mers)

mers oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mers (oblique plural)
mers (nominative singular)
mers (nominative plural)

La nef ert fort e belle e grande,
bone cum cele k'ert markande.
De plusurs mers chargee esteit,
en Engleterre curre devait.

late 12th century, anonymous author, “La Folie de Tristan d'Oxford”, in Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 354, lines 67–70:

The ship was strong and beautiful and big,
good like a merchant's ship
loaded with lots of different type of merchandise
ready to set sail to England.


livree

livree oblique singular, f (oblique plural livrees, nominative singular livree, nominative plural livrees)

livree oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
livrees (oblique plural)
livree (nominative singular)
livrees (nominative plural)

→ English: livery


lione

lione oblique singular, f (oblique plural liones, nominative singular lione, nominative plural liones)

lione oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
liones (oblique plural)
lione (nominative singular)
liones (nominative plural)

French: lionne


froment

froment oblique singular, m (oblique plural fromenz or fromentz, nominative singular fromenz or fromentz, nominative plural froment)

froment oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fromenz (oblique plural)
fromentz (oblique plural)
fromenz (nominative singular)
fromentz (nominative singular)
froment (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: froment, forment, fourment
French: froment
→? Middle English: furment, firment, frument

Inherited from Latin frūmentum, from fruor (“to enjoy”).


gayn

fro-noun

gayn oblique singular, m (oblique plural gayns, nominative singular gayns, nominative plural gayn)

gayn oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gayns (oblique plural)
gayns (nominative singular)
gayn (nominative plural)

Middle French: wain, wayn, gain

French: gain, gagne

Gallo: gaen

Picard: gaîn (Athois), gagnache (Ch'ti)

Walloon: gagne (Charleroi)

(agricultural) tillage, arable land; crop produce


rois

Li rois respont: "N'est pas mançonge"


fuie

fuie oblique singular, f (oblique plural fuies, nominative singular fuie, nominative plural fuies)

fuie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fuies (oblique plural)
fuie (nominative singular)
fuies (nominative plural)

French: fuie

From Vulgar Latin *fūgīta, from the feminine past participle of *fūgīre, from Latin fugiō, fugere (whence fuir).


esche

esche oblique singular, ? (oblique plural esches, nominative singular esche, nominative plural esches)

esche oblique singular (canonical)
esches (oblique plural)
esche (nominative singular)
esches (nominative plural)


esche

esche oblique singular, ? (nominative singular esche)

esche oblique singular (canonical)
esche (nominative singular)

From Latin ēsca (“fuel, esp. firewood”).


moton

moton oblique singular, m (oblique plural motons, nominative singular motons, nominative plural moton)

moton oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
motons (oblique plural)
motons (nominative singular)
moton (nominative plural)


esturgeon

esturgeon oblique singular, m (oblique plural esturgeons, nominative singular esturgeons, nominative plural esturgeon)

esturgeon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
esturgeons (oblique plural)
esturgeons (nominative singular)
esturgeon (nominative plural)


incube

incube oblique singular, m (oblique plural incubes, nominative singular incubes, nominative plural incube)

incube oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
incubes (oblique plural)
incubes (nominative singular)
incube (nominative plural)

French: incube


javelot

javelot oblique singular, m (oblique plural javeloz or javelotz, nominative singular javeloz or javelotz, nominative plural javelot)

javelot oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
javeloz (oblique plural)
javelotz (oblique plural)
javeloz (nominative singular)
javelotz (nominative singular)
javelot (nominative plural)

French: javelot, javeline

From Vulgar Latin *gabalottus (“spear”), from Gaulish *gabalos (compare Old Irish gabul (“fork”), Welsh gafl), from Proto-Celtic *gabalos (“fork, forked branch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰabʰlos (“fork, branch of tree”).


trone

fro-noun

trone oblique singular, m (oblique plural trones, nominative singular trones, nominative plural trone)

trone oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
trones (oblique plural)
trones (nominative singular)
trone (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: throne
French: trône
→ Romanian: tron

→ Middle Dutch: trone

Dutch: troon
Negerhollands: troon

→ Middle English: trone, throne, troone, troun, throun, tron, tronne
English: throne
Scots: throne

→ Middle High German: thrōn, trōn

German: Thron
→ Estonian: troon
→ Hungarian: trón

Luxembourgish: Troun

→ Polish: tron

From Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos, “chair; throne”).


armure

fro-noun

armure oblique singular, f (oblique plural armures, nominative singular armure, nominative plural armures)

armure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
armures (oblique plural)
armure (nominative singular)
armures (nominative plural)


amiral

amiral oblique singular, m (oblique plural amiraus or amirax or amirals, nominative singular amiraus or amirax or amirals, nominative plural amiral)

amiral oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
amiraus (oblique plural)
amirax (oblique plural)
amirals (oblique plural)
amiraus (nominative singular)
amirax (nominative singular)
amirals (nominative singular)
amiral (nominative plural)

desctree

French: amiral
→ Ottoman Turkish: آمیرال
Turkish: amiral
→ Romanian: amiral
→ Swedish: amiral
→ Finnish: amiraali

→ Irish: aimiréal

→ Middle English: amiral
English: amiral

Middle Dutch: ammirael

Dutch: admiraal
Afrikaans: admiraal
→ Indonesian: admiral
→ Papiamentu: atmiral
→ West Frisian: admiraal

From Medieval Latin amiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”).

(Anglo-Norman, law) naval officer with jurisdiction over maritime legal proceedings


ambassadeur

fro-noun

ambassadeur oblique singular, m (oblique plural ambassadeurs, nominative singular ambassadeurs, nominative plural ambassadeur)

ambassadeur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ambassadeurs (oblique plural)
ambassadeurs (nominative singular)
ambassadeur (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: ambassadeur
French: ambassadeur

First known attestation circa 1190. From Old Italian ambassatore, ambassadore, from Old Occitan ambaisador (“ambassador”), from Latin ambasiātor.


officier

fro-noun

officier oblique singular, m (oblique plural officiers, nominative singular officiers, nominative plural officier)

officier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
officiers (oblique plural)
officiers (nominative singular)
officier (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: officer, offecer, officeer, officeere, officere, officiare, officier, offiser, offycer, offycere, offyseer, oficer
English: officer
Scots: offisher

French: officier

→ Norwegian Bokmål: offiser

→ Middle Dutch: officier, offichier

Dutch: officier

Norman: officyi

From Latin officiārius; equivalent to office + -ier.


gibet

fro-noun

gibet oblique singular, m (oblique plural gibez or gibetz, nominative singular gibez or gibetz, nominative plural gibet)

gibet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gibez (oblique plural)
gibetz (oblique plural)
gibez (nominative singular)
gibetz (nominative singular)
gibet (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: gibet, gibete, gibbet, gibat, gibite, gebete, gebat, iebat, iebet, iubet, iubeit, jebet, jebbet, jubet
English: gibbet

French: gibet

usint come l'em fet del larcin en le col au laron ke l'em meine au gibet pur pendre


camomille

fro-noun

camomille oblique singular, f (oblique plural camomilles, nominative singular camomille, nominative plural camomilles)

camomille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
camomilles (oblique plural)
camomille (nominative singular)
camomilles (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: camamille

English: camomile


chapelet

chapelet oblique singular, m (oblique plural chapelez or chapeletz, nominative singular chapelez or chapeletz, nominative plural chapelet)

chapelet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chapelez (oblique plural)
chapeletz (oblique plural)
chapelez (nominative singular)
chapeletz (nominative singular)
chapelet (nominative plural)

French: chapelet

→ English: chapelet

→ Middle English: chapelet

English: chaplet


pescherie

pescherie oblique singular, f (oblique plural pescheries, nominative singular pescherie, nominative plural pescheries)

pescherie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pescheries (oblique plural)
pescherie (nominative singular)
pescheries (nominative plural)

French: pêcherie


fistule

fistule oblique singular, f (oblique plural fistules, nominative singular fistule, nominative plural fistules)

fistule oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fistules (oblique plural)
fistule (nominative singular)
fistules (nominative plural)


pencel

pencel oblique singular, m (oblique plural penceaus or penceax or penciaus or penciax or pencels, nominative singular penceaus or penceax or penciaus or penciax or pencels, nominative plural pencel)

pencel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
penceaus (oblique plural)
penceax (oblique plural)
penciaus (oblique plural)
penciax (oblique plural)
pencels (oblique plural)
penceaus (nominative singular)
penceax (nominative singular)
penciaus (nominative singular)
penciax (nominative singular)
pencels (nominative singular)
pencel (nominative plural)

English: pencel


parabole

parabole oblique singular, f (oblique plural paraboles, nominative singular parabole, nominative plural paraboles)

parabole oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
paraboles (oblique plural)
parabole (nominative singular)
paraboles (nominative plural)

French: parabole

Norman: pathabole

desctree

→ Middle English: parable, parabole, parabol, parabele, parabyl, parabyll, parabil
English: parable
Scots: parable
Yola: parboles (plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Compare parole.


pance

fro-noun

pance oblique singular, f (oblique plural pances, nominative singular pance, nominative plural pances)

pance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pances (oblique plural)
pance (nominative singular)
pances (nominative plural)

Angevin: ponse

French: panse

Walloon: panse

→ Middle Dutch: pense

Dutch: pens
Afrikaans: pens

desctree

→ Middle English: paunce
English: paunce

→ Middle High German: panze

German: Pansen

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Panz

Ripuarian: Panz

Luxembourgish: Panz

From Latin panticem, accusative singular of pantex.


merveille

fro-noun

merveille oblique singular, f (oblique plural merveilles, nominative singular merveille, nominative plural merveilles)

merveille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
merveilles (oblique plural)
merveille (nominative singular)
merveilles (nominative plural)

French: merveille

desctree

→ Middle English: merveile, mervayle, merveyle, mervaile, mervaylle, merveylle, mervaille, merveille, mervail, merveil, mervayl, mervell, mervall, mervelle, mervel
English: marvel
Scots: mervel


cisne

fro-noun

cisne oblique singular, m (oblique plural cisnes, nominative singular cisnes, nominative plural cisne)

cisne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cisnes (oblique plural)
cisnes (nominative singular)
cisne (nominative plural)

From Late Latin cicinus, from Latin cycnus, from Ancient Greek κύκνος (kúknos, “swan”).


emprise

emprise oblique singular, f (oblique plural emprises, nominative singular emprise, nominative plural emprises)

emprise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
emprises (oblique plural)
emprise (nominative singular)
emprises (nominative plural)

→ English: emprise

French: emprise


boline

boline oblique singular, f (oblique plural bolines, nominative singular boline, nominative plural bolines)

boline oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bolines (oblique plural)
boline (nominative singular)
bolines (nominative plural)

Probably borrowed from Middle English bouline, although the Old French is attested earlier than the Middle English.


baril

baril oblique singular, m (oblique plural bariz or barilz, nominative singular bariz or barilz, nominative plural baril)

baril oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bariz (oblique plural)
barilz (oblique plural)
bariz (nominative singular)
barilz (nominative singular)
baril (nominative plural)

Middle French:

desctree

French: baril
→ South Slavey: líbarí
→ Sicilian: varrili
→ Spanish: barril
→ Turkish: varil

→ Ottoman Turkish: وارل (varil)

→ Middle English: barrell

English: barrel

→ Galician: barril

→ Portuguese: barril

→ Spanish: barril

Of uncertain origin. An attempt to link baril to barre (“bar, bolt”) (compare Medieval Latin barra (“bar, rod”)) via assumed Vulgar Latin *barrīculum meets the phonological requirement, but fails to connect the word semantically. The alternate connection to Frankish *baril, *beril, or Gothic *𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (*bērils, “container for transport”), from Proto-Germanic *bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-, *bʰrē- (“to carry, transport”), is more plausible as it connects not only the form of the word but also the sense. Compare also Old High German biril (“jug, large pot”), Luxembourgish Bärel, Bierel (“jug, pot”), Old Norse berill (“barrel for liquids”), Old English byrla (“barrel of a horse, trunk, body”). More at bear.


faon

fro-noun

faon oblique singular, m (oblique plural faons, nominative singular faons, nominative plural faon)

faon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
faons (oblique plural)
faons (nominative singular)
faon (nominative plural)


matras

matras oblique singular, m (oblique plural matras, nominative singular matras, nominative plural matras)

matras oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
matras (oblique plural)
matras (nominative singular)
matras (nominative plural)

French: matelas

→ Middle Dutch: matrasse, matratse

desctree

Dutch: matras
Afrikaans: matras
→ Indonesian: matras
→ Russian: матрас (matras)
→ Sranan Tongo: matrasi
→ Saramaccan: mataási
→ West Frisian: matras

→ Middle English: materas, matras, matres, matrasse, matrace, materaz, materes
English: mattress
Scots: mattrass

From Arabic مَطْرَح (maṭraḥ, “place where something is thrown”), from طَرَحَ (ṭaraḥa, “to throw”), perhaps via Italian materasso.


sorcier

fro-noun

sorcier oblique singular, m (oblique plural sorciers, nominative singular sorciers, nominative plural sorcier)

sorcier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sorciers (oblique plural)
sorciers (nominative singular)
sorcier (nominative plural)
sorciers (masculine singular subjective)
sorciere (feminine singular subjective)
sorcier (masculine oblique singular)
sorciere (feminine oblique singular)
sorcier (masculine plural subjective)
sorcieres (feminine plural subjective)
sorciers (masculine oblique plural)
sorcieres (feminine oblique plural)

French: sorcier

Norman: chorchi

desctree

→ Middle English: sorcerere, sorcerour, sorserer, sorcerer
English: sorcerer

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin sortiārius, derived from Latin sortem.


suspens

fro-noun

suspens oblique singular, m (oblique plural suspens, nominative singular suspens, nominative plural suspens)

suspens oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
suspens (oblique plural)
suspens (nominative singular)
suspens (nominative plural)

→ English: suspense

→ French: suspense

French: suspens

volons & grantons que cest article soit mis en suspens

we want and we grant that this article be put into suspension

postponement; suspension (state of being postponed or suspended)


lamproie

lamproie oblique singular, f (oblique plural lamproies, nominative singular lamproie, nominative plural lamproies)

lamproie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lamproies (oblique plural)
lamproie (nominative singular)
lamproies (nominative plural)

Middle French: lamproye, lamproie

French: lamproie

→ Middle Dutch: lampereie

Dutch: lamprei

desc

→ Middle English: lamprey, lampray, laumprei

English: lamprey


sandale

fro-noun

sandale oblique singular, f (oblique plural sandales, nominative singular sandale, nominative plural sandales)

sandale oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sandales (oblique plural)
sandale (nominative singular)
sandales (nominative plural)

French: sandale

desctree

→ Middle English: sandal, sandalle, sandelle, sendylle, sendale
English: sandal
Scots: sandal


virelai

fro-noun

virelai oblique singular, m (oblique plural virelais, nominative singular virelais, nominative plural virelai)

virelai oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
virelais (oblique plural)
virelais (nominative singular)
virelai (nominative plural)

→ English: virelai

French: virelai


mesne

mesne oblique singular, m (oblique plural mesnes, nominative singular mesnes, nominative plural mesne)

mesne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mesnes (oblique plural)
mesnes (nominative singular)
mesne (nominative plural)


comparatif

comparatif oblique singular, m (oblique plural comparatis, nominative singular comparatis, nominative plural comparatif)

comparatif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
comparatis (oblique plural)
comparatis (nominative singular)
comparatif (nominative plural)

French: comparatif

desctree

→ Middle English: comparatif, comparatijf, comparatyf, comparatyfe
English: comparative

(grammar) comparative (word in comparative form)


querele

fro-noun

querele oblique singular, f (oblique plural quereles, nominative singular querele, nominative plural quereles)

querele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
quereles (oblique plural)
querele (nominative singular)
quereles (nominative plural)


mumie

mumie oblique singular, f (oblique plural mumies, nominative singular mumie, nominative plural mumies)

mumie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mumies (oblique plural)
mumie (nominative singular)
mumies (nominative plural)

English: mummy

mummy (substance used in medicine prepared from mummified flesh)


plummier

plummier oblique singular, m (oblique plural plummiers, nominative singular plummiers, nominative plural plummier)

plummier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plummiers (oblique plural)
plummiers (nominative singular)
plummier (nominative plural)

desctree

→ English: plumber
→ Irish: pluiméir
→ Welsh: plymer

French: plombier


propos

fro-noun

propos oblique singular, m (oblique plural propos, nominative singular propos, nominative plural propos)

propos oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
propos (oblique plural)
propos (nominative singular)
propos (nominative plural)

French: propos


iver

iver oblique singular, m (oblique plural ivers, nominative singular ivers, nominative plural iver)

iver oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ivers (oblique plural)
ivers (nominative singular)
iver (nominative plural)


toupet

toupet oblique singular, m (oblique plural toupez or toupetz, nominative singular toupez or toupetz, nominative plural toupet)

toupet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
toupez (oblique plural)
toupetz (oblique plural)
toupez (nominative singular)
toupetz (nominative singular)
toupet (nominative plural)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: topete

Galician: topete

Portuguese: topete


lande

lande oblique singular, f (oblique plural landes, nominative singular lande, nominative plural landes)

lande oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
landes (oblique plural)
lande (nominative singular)
landes (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: launde

English: laund

French: lande (“sandymoor, heath”)

Of Germanic or Gaulish origin, from Proto-Germanic *landą (“land”) or Proto-Celtic *landā, both from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”). Compare Occitan landa and Spanish landa, either from Old French or from a common intermediate source, i.e. Vulgar Latin *landa.


seie

fro-noun

seie oblique singular, f (oblique plural seies, nominative singular seie, nominative plural seies)

seie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
seies (oblique plural)
seie (nominative singular)
seies (nominative plural)

Middle French: soye

French: soie

Norman: souaie


tunique

tunique oblique singular, f (oblique plural tuniques, nominative singular tunique, nominative plural tuniques)

tunique oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tuniques (oblique plural)
tunique (nominative singular)
tuniques (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: tunique
French: tunique (see there for further descendants)
Norman: teunique
→ Dutch: tuniek
→ English: tunic


fondeur

fro-noun

fondeur oblique singular, m (oblique plural fondeurs, nominative singular fondeurs, nominative plural fondeur)

fondeur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fondeurs (oblique plural)
fondeurs (nominative singular)
fondeur (nominative plural)
fondeurs (masculine singular subjective)
fonderesse (feminine singular subjective)
fondeur (masculine oblique singular)
fonderesse (feminine oblique singular)
fondeur (masculine plural subjective)
fonderesses (feminine plural subjective)
fondeurs (masculine oblique plural)
fonderesses (feminine oblique plural)

→ English: founder


estier

estier oblique singular, m (oblique plural estiers, nominative singular estiers, nominative plural estier)

estier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
estiers (oblique plural)
estiers (nominative singular)
estier (nominative plural)

→ Breton: stêr

French: étier


adversité

adversité oblique singular, f (oblique plural adversitez, nominative singular adversité, nominative plural adversitez)

adversité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
adversitez (oblique plural)
adversité (nominative singular)
adversitez (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: adversité
French: adversité
→ Romanian: adversitate

→ Middle English: adversitee
English: adversity


warison

fro-noun

warison oblique singular, f (oblique plural warisons, nominative singular warison, nominative plural warisons)

warison oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
warisons (oblique plural)
warison (nominative singular)
warisons (nominative plural)


difficulté

difficulté oblique singular, f (oblique plural difficultez, nominative singular difficulté, nominative plural difficultez)

difficulté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
difficultez (oblique plural)
difficulté (nominative singular)
difficultez (nominative plural)

→ English: difficulty

desctree

Middle French: difficulté
French: difficulté
→ Romanian: dificultate

Learned borrowing from Latin difficultās.

lbor

1239, author and title uncertain
Seroient tenu a rendre sanz difficulté et sanz contredit

They will be undertaken to be given without difficulty and without objection


devis

fro-noun

devis oblique singular, m (oblique plural devis, nominative singular devis, nominative plural devis)

devis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
devis (oblique plural)
devis (nominative singular)
devis (nominative plural)

division (act of dividing into multiple parts; result of this division)

separation (quality of being separated, of not being a single unit)

difference (quality of being different, of being non-identical)


pomis

pomis oblique singular, m (oblique plural pomis, nominative singular pomis, nominative plural pomis)

pomis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pomis (oblique plural)
pomis (nominative singular)
pomis (nominative plural)


quer

quer oblique singular, m (oblique plural quers, nominative singular quers, nominative plural quer)

quer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
quers (oblique plural)
quers (nominative singular)
quer (nominative plural)

m'est une anguisse el quer ferue, ki tut le cors me fet trembler

(typically Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of cuer


quer

(Old Northern French) Alternative form of chier


bliaut

bliaut oblique singular, m (oblique plural bliauz or bliautz, nominative singular bliauz or bliautz, nominative plural bliaut)

bliaut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bliauz (oblique plural)
bliautz (oblique plural)
bliauz (nominative singular)
bliautz (nominative singular)
bliaut (nominative plural)

Middle French: bliaut

French: bliaut
→ English: bliaut

desc

→ Middle English: bleaunt, blehand, blihand

English: bleaunt

→ Middle High German: blīant, blīalt

→ Medieval Latin: blialdus

→ Galician: brial

From Frankish *blīwafalþ, from *blīu (“colour, hue, blee”) + *falþan (“to fold”). Cognate with Old Occitan blial.


poursuite

fro-noun

poursuite oblique singular, f (oblique plural poursuites, nominative singular poursuite, nominative plural poursuites)

poursuite oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
poursuites (oblique plural)
poursuite (nominative singular)
poursuites (nominative plural)

→ English: pursuit

French: poursuite


bucle

bucle oblique singular, f (oblique plural bucles, nominative singular bucle, nominative plural bucles)

bucle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
bucles (oblique plural)
bucle (nominative singular)
bucles (nominative plural)

→ English: buckle


legat

legat oblique singular, m (oblique plural legaz or legatz, nominative singular legaz or legatz, nominative plural legat)

legat oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
legaz (oblique plural)
legatz (oblique plural)
legaz (nominative singular)
legatz (nominative singular)
legat (nominative plural)

→ English: legate

French: légat