cunte

cunte oblique singular, m (oblique plural cuntes, nominative singular cuntes, nominative plural cunte)

cunte oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cuntes (oblique plural)
cuntes (nominative singular)
cunte (nominative plural)


cunte

fro-noun

cunte oblique singular, m (oblique plural cuntes, nominative singular cuens, nominative plural cunte)

cunte oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cuntes (oblique plural)
cuens (nominative singular)
cunte (nominative plural)


gardin

gardin oblique singular, m (oblique plural gardins, nominative singular gardins, nominative plural gardin)

gardin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gardins (oblique plural)
gardins (nominative singular)
gardin (nominative plural)

Middle French: jardin

French: jardin (see there for further descendants)

Norman: gardin, gardîn

desctree

→ Middle English: gardyn
English: garden
Sranan Tongo: dyari
→ Nafaanra: yaadi
Scots: gairden

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: jardin
Galician: xardín
Portuguese: jardim

From Early Medieval Latin jardinus, of Germanic origin. See also English garden.

(Picardy, Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French) garden (large outdoor area with plants and trees)


rereguarde

fro-noun

rereguarde oblique singular, f (oblique plural rereguardes, nominative singular rereguarde, nominative plural rereguardes)

rereguarde oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rereguardes (oblique plural)
rereguarde (nominative singular)
rereguardes (nominative plural)

→ English: rearguard


coer

coer oblique singular, m (oblique plural coers, nominative singular coers, nominative plural coer)

coer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
coers (oblique plural)
coers (nominative singular)
coer (nominative plural)


cumpaigne

cumpaigne oblique singular, f (oblique plural cumpaignes, nominative singular cumpaigne, nominative plural cumpaignes)

cumpaigne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cumpaignes (oblique plural)
cumpaigne (nominative singular)
cumpaignes (nominative plural)

→ English: campaign

French: campagne


oistre

oistre oblique singular, f (oblique plural oistres, nominative singular oistre, nominative plural oistres)

oistre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
oistres (oblique plural)
oistre (nominative singular)
oistres (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: oistre
French: huître
Norman: hitre

→ Middle English: oystre, ostre, ostree, oistre, oystur, oystere, ostyr, oister, oyestere
English: oyster
Scots: oyster, eyster

desc

→ Irish: oisre, oisir (Ulster), eisir, eistre, oisridh (obsolete)

→ Scottish Gaelic: oisir, eisir


esforz

inflection of esfort:
nominative singular


esfort

fro-noun

esfort oblique singular, m (oblique plural esforz or esfortz, nominative singular esforz or esfortz, nominative plural esfort)

esfort oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
esforz (oblique plural)
esfortz (oblique plural)
esforz (nominative singular)
esfortz (nominative singular)
esfort (nominative plural)

English: effort

French: effort


tertre

tertre oblique singular, m (oblique plural tertres, nominative singular tertres, nominative plural tertre)

tertre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tertres (oblique plural)
tertres (nominative singular)
tertre (nominative plural)


valee

valee oblique singular, f (oblique plural valees, nominative singular valee, nominative plural valees)

valee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
valees (oblique plural)
valee (nominative singular)
valees (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: valey, valeye

English: valley

Scots: vailey

Middle French: valee

French: vallée

Norman: vallée

val + -ee, from Latin vallis. Cf. also Medieval Latin valleta, possibly based on the Old French.


valur

valur oblique singular, m (oblique plural valurs, nominative singular valurs, nominative plural valur)

valur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
valurs (oblique plural)
valurs (nominative singular)
valur (nominative plural)

French: valeur

Norman: valeu

From Late Latin valōrem, accusative singular of valor, from Latin valeō.


chançun

chançun oblique singular, f (oblique plural chançuns, nominative singular chançun, nominative plural chançuns)

chançun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chançuns (oblique plural)
chançun (nominative singular)
chançuns (nominative plural)


segnur

segnur oblique singular, m (oblique plural segnurs, nominative singular sire, nominative plural segnur)

segnur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
segnurs (oblique plural)
sire (nominative singular)
segnur (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of seignor


raisun

raisun oblique singular, f (oblique plural raisuns, nominative singular raisun, nominative plural raisuns)

raisun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
raisuns (oblique plural)
raisun (nominative singular)
raisuns (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of reson


parenz

inflection of parent:
nominative singular


palefreid

palefreid oblique singular, m (oblique plural palefreiz or palefreitz, nominative singular palefreiz or palefreitz, nominative plural palefreid)

palefreid oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
palefreiz (oblique plural)
palefreitz (oblique plural)
palefreiz (nominative singular)
palefreitz (nominative singular)
palefreid (nominative plural)

→ Middle Dutch: palefroot

Dutch: palefroot

desctree

→ Middle English: palfrey
English: palfrey

Middle French: palefroy
French: palefroi

Inherited from Late Latin paraverēdus. See there for more.

Richement atorné, sor noble palefrei


bastun

fro-noun

bastun oblique singular, m (oblique plural bastuns, nominative singular bastuns, nominative plural bastun)

bastun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bastuns (oblique plural)
bastuns (nominative singular)
bastun (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of baston


maisun

maisun oblique singular, f (oblique plural maisuns, nominative singular maisun, nominative plural maisuns)

maisun oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
maisuns (oblique plural)
maisun (nominative singular)
maisuns (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of meson


dolur

dolur oblique singular, m (oblique plural dolurs, nominative singular dolurs, nominative plural dolur)

dolur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dolurs (oblique plural)
dolurs (nominative singular)
dolur (nominative plural)


guarnement

guarnement oblique singular, m (oblique plural guarnemenz or guarnementz, nominative singular guarnemenz or guarnementz, nominative plural guarnement)

guarnement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guarnemenz (oblique plural)
guarnementz (oblique plural)
guarnemenz (nominative singular)
guarnementz (nominative singular)
guarnement (nominative plural)

desc

→ Middle English: garment, garement, garnement

English: garment


frication

fro-noun

frication oblique singular, f (oblique plural frications, nominative singular frication, nominative plural frications)

frication oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
frications (oblique plural)
frication (nominative singular)
frications (nominative plural)


tricheor

tricheor oblique singular, m (oblique plural tricheors, nominative singular trichere, nominative plural tricheor)

tricheor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tricheors (oblique plural)
trichere (nominative singular)
tricheor (nominative plural)


robeor

robeor oblique singular, m (oblique plural robeors, nominative singular robere, nominative plural robeor)

robeor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
robeors (oblique plural)
robere (nominative singular)
robeor (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: robbour, robbare, robbeour, robbere, robbor, robbowre, robour, roboure, rubbere
English: robber
Scots: robber
>? Yola: ropeare, ropear


colp

fro-noun

colp oblique singular, m (oblique plural cols, nominative singular cols, nominative plural colp)

colp oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cols (oblique plural)
cols (nominative singular)
colp (nominative plural)

French: coup

Norman: co, coup

Walloon: côp

From Late Latin colpus, syncopated form of Latin colaphus, from Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos, “blow, smack”).


flur

fro-noun

flur oblique singular, f (oblique plural flurs, nominative singular flur, nominative plural flurs)

flur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
flurs (oblique plural)
flur (nominative singular)
flurs (nominative plural)


anui

anui oblique singular, m (oblique plural anuis, nominative singular anuis, nominative plural anui)

anui oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
anuis (oblique plural)
anuis (nominative singular)
anui (nominative plural)

French: ennui

→ Middle English: anoy, annoy, ennoy

English: annoy

Ensi vesqui en sa jonesce.
Asseiz ot anui et destresse

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la vie de Sainte Elyzabel, fille au roi de Hongrie:

This is how she lived during her youth
She had a lot of misery and sadness


haraz

haraz oblique singular, m (oblique plural haraz, nominative singular haraz, nominative plural haraz)

haraz oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
haraz (oblique plural)
haraz (nominative singular)
haraz (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: haraz, haras
French: haras

→? Italian: razza
→ Alemannic German: Ratze
→ Greek: ράτσα (rátsa)
→ Middle French: race
French: race
→ German: Rasse
→ Czech: rasa
→ Polish: rasa
→ Serbo-Croatian: rasa
→ Slovene: rasa
→ Romanian: rasă
→ English: race
→ Portuguese: raça
→ Catalan: raça
→ Spanish: raza

→ Middle English: haras
English: haras, harras
Scots: haryage

According to Bratchet, from Arabic فَرَس (faras, “horse”). However, Watkins suggests Old Norse hárr (“greyhaired”), referring to the greying of horses with age, or hár (“hair”), referring to stud horses not being saddled. Also compare Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”).


biauté

fro-noun

biauté oblique singular, f (oblique plural biautez, nominative singular biauté, nominative plural biautez)

biauté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
biautez (oblique plural)
biauté (nominative singular)
biautez (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: beâtai

Middle French: beaulté
French: beauté

Norman: bieauté, biauté

desc

Picard: bieutè (Somme), beltè (Amiens), biauté (Artois)

desctree

→ Middle English: beaute, bewte, beuaute, bewty, bealte, bewete, beute, beautee, bewtee
English: beauty
Scots: beauty


boivre

fro-noun

boivre oblique singular, m (oblique plural boivres, nominative singular boivres, nominative plural boivre)

boivre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
boivres (oblique plural)
boivres (nominative singular)
boivre (nominative plural)

El beivre fud la nostre mort

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 204, line 2645:


bevrage

bevrage oblique singular, m (oblique plural bevrages, nominative singular bevrages, nominative plural bevrage)

bevrage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bevrages (oblique plural)
bevrages (nominative singular)
bevrage (nominative plural)

French: breuvage (chiefly Quebec)

→ Galician: beberaxe

desctree

→ Middle English: beverage, berage, berrage, berygge, bevereche, beveredg, beverege, beverich, beveriche
English: beverage
Scots: beverage, baiverage

beivre + -age, from boivre, from Latin bibō.


prepucion

fro-noun

prepucion oblique singular, f (oblique plural prepucions, nominative singular prepucion, nominative plural prepucions)

prepucion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
prepucions (oblique plural)
prepucion (nominative singular)
prepucions (nominative plural)


cunseill

cunseill oblique singular, m (oblique plural cunseuz or cunseilz, nominative singular cunseuz or cunseilz, nominative plural cunseill)

cunseill oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cunseuz (oblique plural)
cunseilz (oblique plural)
cunseuz (nominative singular)
cunseilz (nominative singular)
cunseill (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of conseil


vaslet

vaslet oblique singular, m (oblique plural vaslez or vasletz, nominative singular vaslez or vasletz, nominative plural vaslet)

vaslet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vaslez (oblique plural)
vasletz (oblique plural)
vaslez (nominative singular)
vasletz (nominative singular)
vaslet (nominative plural)

French: valet


cuard

cuard oblique singular, m (oblique plural cuarz or cuartz, nominative singular cuarz or cuartz, nominative plural cuard)

cuard oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cuarz (oblique plural)
cuartz (oblique plural)
cuarz (nominative singular)
cuartz (nominative singular)
cuard (nominative plural)
cuards (masculine singular subjective)
cuarde (feminine singular subjective)
cuard (masculine oblique singular)
cuarde (feminine oblique singular)
cuard (masculine plural subjective)
cuardes (feminine plural subjective)
cuards (masculine oblique plural)
cuardes (feminine oblique plural)

Middle French: couard

French: couard

→ Middle English: coward

English: coward

Scots: cowart, coward

→ Italian: codardo

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: covardo

Galician: covarde

Portuguese: cobarde

→ Spanish: cobarde


ceval

ceval oblique singular, m (oblique plural cevaus or cevax or cevals, nominative singular cevaus or cevax or cevals, nominative plural ceval)

ceval oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cevaus (oblique plural)
cevax (oblique plural)
cevals (oblique plural)
cevaus (nominative singular)
cevax (nominative singular)
cevals (nominative singular)
ceval (nominative plural)


chevaler

chevaler oblique singular, m (oblique plural chevalers, nominative singular chevalers, nominative plural chevaler)

chevaler oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chevalers (oblique plural)
chevalers (nominative singular)
chevaler (nominative plural)

(chiefly Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of chevalier


empereür

empereür oblique singular, m (oblique plural empereürs, nominative singular empereres, nominative plural empereür)

empereür oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
empereürs (oblique plural)
empereres (nominative singular)
empereür (nominative plural)


noit

noit oblique singular, f (oblique plural noiz or noitz, nominative singular noit, nominative plural noiz or noitz)

noit oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
noiz (oblique plural)
noitz (oblique plural)
noit (nominative singular)
noiz (nominative plural)
noitz (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: neut

Champenois: nutie

desctree

Middle French: nuyt
French: nuit
Haitian Creole: nwit

Norman: gniaette, gniet, niet, nyit

Walloon: nute


olifan

fro-noun

olifan oblique singular, m (oblique plural olifans, nominative singular olifans, nominative plural olifan)

olifan oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
olifans (oblique plural)
olifans (nominative singular)
olifan (nominative plural)

Middle French: olifant

French: olifant

→ Catalan: olifant

→ Finnish: olifantti

→ Norwegian: olifant

→ Portuguese: olifante

Walloon: elefant

→ Breton: olifant

→ Middle Dutch: olifant

desctree

Dutch: olifant
Afrikaans: olifant
→ Papiamentu: olefante, olifant

→ Middle English: olifant, olifaunt, oliphant, olyphant (from olifan, olifant form)
English: oliphant, olifant, olyfaunte, olyphant, oliphaunt
→ Cornish: olifans

→ Middle English: elefant, elefaunt (from elefan, elefant form)

English: elephant
→ Hawaiian: ʻelepani
→ Maori: arewhana
→ Tokelauan: elefane
→ Tongan: ʻelefanite
→ Welsh: eliffant

Scots: elephant

→ Manx: elefant

→ Middle Irish: elifaint

Irish: eilifint

Scottish Gaelic: ailbhean

→ Old Spanish: elifant, alefant, eleofant
Ladino: איליפ׳אנטי (elefante)
Spanish: elefante
→ Basque: elefante
→ Chol: elefanti
→ Cebuano: elepante
→ Hiligaynon: elepante
→ Quechua: ilijanti
→ Tagalog: elepante
→ Waray-Waray: elepante


orgoill

fro-noun

orgoill oblique singular, m (oblique plural orgouz or orgoilz, nominative singular orgouz or orgoilz, nominative plural orgoill)

orgoill oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
orgouz (oblique plural)
orgoilz (oblique plural)
orgouz (nominative singular)
orgoilz (nominative singular)
orgoill (nominative plural)


poign

poign oblique singular, m (oblique plural poinz, nominative singular poinz, nominative plural poign)

poign oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
poinz (oblique plural)
poinz (nominative singular)
poign (nominative plural)


jardineor

jardineor oblique singular, m (oblique plural jardineors, nominative singular jardineors, nominative plural jardineor)

jardineor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jardineors (oblique plural)
jardineors (nominative singular)
jardineor (nominative plural)

French: jardinier


eschec

eschec oblique singular, m (oblique plural eschés, nominative singular eschés, nominative plural eschec)

eschec oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
eschés (oblique plural)
eschés (nominative singular)
eschec (nominative plural)

French: échec
→ Catalan: xec

→ Middle Dutch: scaec

Dutch: schaak

→ Danish: skak

→ Middle English: chek, chekke

English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
English: chess
Scots: chess

From Medieval Latin scaccus, from Arabic شَاه (šāh, “king [in chess]”), from Classical Persian شاه (šāh, “shah, king”), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāh), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/). Related is English check.

der

(chess) check (instance where one must move or cover the king)


asnier

fro-noun

asnier oblique singular, m (oblique plural asniers, nominative singular asniers, nominative plural asnier)

asnier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
asniers (oblique plural)
asniers (nominative singular)
asnier (nominative plural)

French: ânier


helme

helme oblique singular, m (oblique plural helmes, nominative singular helmes, nominative plural helme)

helme oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
helmes (oblique plural)
helmes (nominative singular)
helme (nominative plural)

Middle French: heaume, helme, elme

French: heaume

→ Middle English: healme, helm (confluence with Old English helm)

English: helm

⇒ Old French: helmet (diminutive)

Middle French: heaumet, armet

French: armet

→ Catalan: elmet

Italian: elmetto

→ Middle English: healmet, helmet (displacing Old English helm)

English: helmet

→ Spanish: elmete

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin helmus.


guant

fro-noun

guant oblique singular, m (oblique plural guanz or guantz, nominative singular guanz or guantz, nominative plural guant)

guant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guanz (oblique plural)
guantz (oblique plural)
guanz (nominative singular)
guantz (nominative singular)
guant (nominative plural)

French: gant
→ Greek: γάντι (gánti)

From Frankish *want, from Proto-Germanic *wantuz, from Proto-Indo-European *wondʰnú- (“glove”), from *wendʰ- (“to wind, wrap”).


escarlate

escarlate oblique singular, f (oblique plural escarlates, nominative singular escarlate, nominative plural escarlates)

escarlate oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
escarlates (oblique plural)
escarlate (nominative singular)
escarlates (nominative plural)

→ English: scarlet

Middle French: escarlate

French: écarlate

→ Portuguese: escarlate

→ Spanish: escarlate

Un mantel d'escarlate cort

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:


anme

anme oblique singular, f (oblique plural anmes, nominative singular anme, nominative plural anmes)

anme oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
anmes (oblique plural)
anme (nominative singular)
anmes (nominative plural)


sempres

Inherited from Latin semper, augmented with the adverbial -s.


ultremer

French: outre-mer


roy

roy oblique singular, m (oblique plural roys, nominative singular roys, nominative plural roy)

roy oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
roys (oblique plural)
roys (nominative singular)
roy (nominative plural)


pitet

pitet oblique singular, f (oblique plural pitez or pitetz, nominative singular pitet, nominative plural pitez or pitetz)

pitet oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pitez (oblique plural)
pitetz (oblique plural)
pitet (nominative singular)
pitez (nominative plural)
pitetz (nominative plural)


curage

curage oblique singular, m (oblique plural curages, nominative singular curages, nominative plural curage)

curage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
curages (oblique plural)
curages (nominative singular)
curage (nominative plural)


costez

inflection of costet:
nominative singular


costet

costet oblique singular, m (oblique plural costez or costetz, nominative singular costez or costetz, nominative plural costet)

costet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
costez (oblique plural)
costetz (oblique plural)
costez (nominative singular)
costetz (nominative singular)
costet (nominative plural)

Middle French: costé

French: côté

From coste, from Latin costa, combined with + -et, from Latin -atus.

side (of an object, an animal or a person)


conseill

conseill oblique singular, m (oblique plural conseuz or conseilz, nominative singular conseuz or conseilz, nominative plural conseill)

conseill oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
conseuz (oblique plural)
conseilz (oblique plural)
conseuz (nominative singular)
conseilz (nominative singular)
conseill (nominative plural)


baruns

inflection of barun:
nominative singular


estandart

estandart oblique singular, m (oblique plural estandarz or estandartz, nominative singular estandarz or estandartz, nominative plural estandart)

estandart oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
estandarz (oblique plural)
estandartz (oblique plural)
estandarz (nominative singular)
estandartz (nominative singular)
estandart (nominative plural)

→ Catalan: estendard

→ English: standard

Middle French: estendard

French: étendard

→ Italian: stendardo

→ Romanian: stindard

→ Portuguese: estandarte

→ Sicilian: stinnardu

→ Spanish: estandarte

Of disputed origin. According to Barnhart, Watkins, and others, derived from Frankish *standhard (“stable, fixed”, adjective, literally “standing firm”), from Frankish *standan (“to stand”) + *hard(ī) (“hard, firm”). OED dismisses this as folk etymology and instead derives the term from Old French estendre (“to stretch, extend, spread”). The French Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales also supports the Germanic origin above.

unc

disputed


venjance

fro-noun

venjance oblique singular, f (oblique plural venjances, nominative singular venjance, nominative plural venjances)

venjance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
venjances (oblique plural)
venjance (nominative singular)
venjances (nominative plural)

→ English: vengeance

French: vengeance

volt Tristran dunc quere venjance

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 68, line 420:

Tristan wants therefore to seek vengeance


dulur

dulur oblique singular, m (oblique plural dulurs, nominative singular dulurs, nominative plural dulur)

dulur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dulurs (oblique plural)
dulurs (nominative singular)
dulur (nominative plural)

French: douleur


cumbatant

head

cumbatant m (oblique and nominative feminine singular cumbatante)

cumbatante (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Li emperere est ber e cumbatant

c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:

(Anglo-Norman) fighting; that fights; warrior (attributively).


cuntesse

fro-noun

cuntesse oblique singular, f (oblique plural cuntesses, nominative singular cuntesse, nominative plural cuntesses)

cuntesse oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cuntesses (oblique plural)
cuntesse (nominative singular)
cuntesses (nominative plural)


cumpainz

inflection of cumpain:
nominative singular


laxatif

laxatif oblique singular, m (oblique plural laxatis, nominative singular laxatis, nominative plural laxatif)

laxatif oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
laxatis (oblique plural)
laxatis (nominative singular)
laxatif (nominative plural)


comandemenz

inflection of comandement:
oblique plural

inflection of comandement:
nominative singular


curune

curune oblique singular, f (oblique plural curunes, nominative singular curune, nominative plural curunes)

curune oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
curunes (oblique plural)
curune (nominative singular)
curunes (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of corone


caitifs

inflection of caitif:
nominative singular


comandement

comandement oblique singular, m (oblique plural comandemenz or comandementz, nominative singular comandemenz or comandementz, nominative plural comandement)

comandement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
comandemenz (oblique plural)
comandementz (oblique plural)
comandemenz (nominative singular)
comandementz (nominative singular)
comandement (nominative plural)

Middle English: comaundement

English: commandment

French: commandement


bastuns

inflection of bastun:
nominative singular


carole

carole oblique singular, f (oblique plural caroles, nominative singular carole, nominative plural caroles)

carole oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
caroles (oblique plural)
carole (nominative singular)
caroles (nominative plural)

French: carole

desctree

→ Middle English: carole, carrol, caroulle, caralle, carelle, charol
English: carol
Yola: carolès (plural)

carol (round dance accompanied by singing)


baptisterie

fro-noun

baptisterie oblique singular, f (oblique plural baptisteries, nominative singular baptisterie, nominative plural baptisteries)

baptisterie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
baptisteries (oblique plural)
baptisterie (nominative singular)
baptisteries (nominative plural)


riotte

riotte oblique singular, f (oblique plural riottes, nominative singular riotte, nominative plural riottes)

riotte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
riottes (oblique plural)
riotte (nominative singular)
riottes (nominative plural)


cuardie

cuardie oblique singular, f (nominative singular cuardie)

cuardie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cuardie (nominative singular)


cumbatanz

inflection of cumbatant:
nominative singular


guarnemenz

inflection of guarnement:
oblique plural

inflection of guarnement:
nominative singular


guanz

inflection of guant:
nominative singular


mentun

mentun oblique singular, m (oblique plural mentuns, nominative singular mentuns, nominative plural mentun)

mentun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mentuns (oblique plural)
mentuns (nominative singular)
mentun (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of menton


mentuns

inflection of mentun:
nominative singular


hunte

hunte oblique singular, f (oblique plural huntes, nominative singular hunte, nominative plural huntes)

hunte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
huntes (oblique plural)
hunte (nominative singular)
huntes (nominative plural)


garçun

garçun oblique singular, m (oblique plural garçuns, nominative singular gars, nominative plural garçun)

garçun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
garçuns (oblique plural)
gars (nominative singular)
garçun (nominative plural)


cuardise

cuardise oblique singular, f (oblique plural cuardises, nominative singular cuardise, nominative plural cuardises)

cuardise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cuardises (oblique plural)
cuardise (nominative singular)
cuardises (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: couardise
French: couardise

→ Middle English: cowardise, cowardyse, cowardysse, cowerdyse, kowardyse, kouwardise
English: cowardice


guerrer

fro-noun

guerrer oblique singular, m (oblique plural guerrers, nominative singular guerrers, nominative plural guerrer)

guerrer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guerrers (oblique plural)
guerrers (nominative singular)
guerrer (nominative plural)


nonchaloir

nonchaloir oblique singular, m (oblique plural nonchaloirs, nominative singular nonchaloirs, nominative plural nonchaloir)

nonchaloir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nonchaloirs (oblique plural)
nonchaloirs (nominative singular)
nonchaloir (nominative plural)


guerreier

guerreier oblique singular, m (oblique plural guerreiers, nominative singular guerreiers, nominative plural guerreier)

guerreier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
guerreiers (oblique plural)
guerreiers (nominative singular)
guerreier (nominative plural)

Middle English: werreour (via Old Northern French)

English: warrior

Scots: warrior

French: guerrier


largesce

largesce oblique singular, f (nominative singular largesce)

largesce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
largesce (nominative singular)

→ English: largess

French: largesse


ruwe

ruwe oblique singular, f (oblique plural ruwes, nominative singular ruwe, nominative plural ruwes)

ruwe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ruwes (oblique plural)
ruwe (nominative singular)
ruwes (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman, fairly rare) Alternative form of rue (“plant”)


romant

romant oblique singular, m (oblique plural romanz or romantz, nominative singular romanz or romantz, nominative plural romant)

romant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
romanz (oblique plural)
romantz (oblique plural)
romanz (nominative singular)
romantz (nominative singular)
romant (nominative plural)

From romanz, interpreted as a nominative singular.


romanz

romanz oblique singular, m (oblique plural romanz, nominative singular romanz, nominative plural romanz)

romanz oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
romanz (oblique plural)
romanz (nominative singular)
romanz (nominative plural)

French: roman (“novel”) (see there for further descendants)

French: romand (“Swiss French”)

desctree

→ Italian: romanzo
→ Greek: ρομάντζο (romántzo)

→ Sicilian: rumanzu

→ English: romaunt (archaic)

→ Middle English: romauns, roumance

English: romance (see there for further descendants)

Scots: romans, romance

From Vulgar Latin rōmānicē (“in a Roman manner”), from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus. Forms ending in -t are due to the fact -z often replaces -ts at end of a nominative singular form. In this instance, the -z or -s ending is from the -icē ending of rōmānicē, not the addition of an -s to a word ending in -t. Compare Old Occitan romans, cf. also Romansch rumantsch.

inh

(usually uncountable) Old French (language)

(countable) account (verbal description of an event)


aoust

fro-noun

aoust oblique singular, m (oblique plural aouz or aoutz, nominative singular aouz or aoutz, nominative plural aoust)

aoust oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aouz (oblique plural)
aoutz (oblique plural)
aouz (nominative singular)
aoutz (nominative singular)
aoust (nominative plural)


fueille

fueille oblique singular, f (oblique plural fueilles, nominative singular fueille, nominative plural fueilles)

fueille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fueilles (oblique plural)
fueille (nominative singular)
fueilles (nominative plural)

Middle French: fueille, feuille

French: feuille
→ Turkish: föy

desctree

→ Middle English: foyle, ffoyl, foil, foile, foille, foylle, fule
English: foil
Scots: foilzie, foolyie

Norman: fieille (Guernsey), fielle (Jersey, Guernsey)

Walloon: foye

From Late Latin folia, from the plural of Latin folium.


honur

fro-noun

honur oblique singular, m (oblique plural honurs, nominative singular honurs, nominative plural honur)

honur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
honurs (oblique plural)
honurs (nominative singular)
honur (nominative plural)


guere

guere oblique singular, f (oblique plural gueres, nominative singular guere, nominative plural gueres)

guere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gueres (oblique plural)
guere (nominative singular)
gueres (nominative plural)


arcevesque

arcevesque oblique singular, m (oblique plural arcevesques, nominative singular arcevesques, nominative plural arcevesque)

arcevesque oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
arcevesques (oblique plural)
arcevesques (nominative singular)
arcevesque (nominative plural)

French: archevêque


honurs

inflection of honur:
nominative singular


engleis

engleis oblique singular, m (nominative singular engleis)

engleis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
engleis (nominative singular)

Galician: engrés, inglés

desctree

Italian: inglese
→ Ottoman Turkish: انگلیز (ingiliz)
Turkish: İngiliz
→ Armenian: ինկիլիզ (inkiliz), ինգլիզ (ingliz)
→ Arabic: إِنْجْلِيز (ʔinglīz)
→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܸܢܓܠܝܼܣ (inglīs)
→ Persian: انگلیس (engelis)
→ Greek: Εγγλέζος (Englézos)
→ Romanian: englez

Portuguese: inglês
→ Bengali: ইংরেজ (iṅrej)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: अंग्रेज़ (aṅgrez)
Urdu: انگریز
→ Japanese: イギリス (Igirisu)
→ Malay: Inggeris
Indonesian: Inggris
→ Yoruba: Gẹ̀ẹ́sì


evesque

fro-noun

evesque oblique singular, m (oblique plural evesques, nominative singular evesques, nominative plural evesque)

evesque oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
evesques (oblique plural)
evesques (nominative singular)
evesque (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: evesque
French: évêque
Haitian Creole: evèk
→ Khmer: អេវ៉េគ (ʼeeveek)
→ Malagasy: eveka

→ Old Occitan: evesque, avesque, vesque

Occitan: avesque


helmes

inflection of helme:
nominative singular


cervel

fro-noun

cervel oblique singular, m (oblique plural cerveaus or cerveax or cerviaus or cerviax or cervels, nominative singular cerveaus or cerveax or cerviaus or cerviax or cervels, nominative plural cervel)

cervel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cerveaus (oblique plural)
cerveax (oblique plural)
cerviaus (oblique plural)
cerviax (oblique plural)
cervels (oblique plural)
cerveaus (nominative singular)
cerveax (nominative singular)
cerviaus (nominative singular)
cerviax (nominative singular)
cervels (nominative singular)
cervel (nominative plural)

Middle French: cerveau, cervel

French: cerveau

Norman: chèrvé

Walloon: cervea


hume

hume oblique singular, m (oblique plural humes, nominative singular hum, nominative plural hume)

hume oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
humes (oblique plural)
hum (nominative singular)
hume (nominative plural)


fieu

fieu oblique singular, m (oblique plural fieus, nominative singular fieus, nominative plural fieu)

fieu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fieus (oblique plural)
fieus (nominative singular)
fieu (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: fe, feu

Scots: fe, fee, fey, feu

English: feu

From Frankish *fehu, from Proto-Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱu- (“livestock”).


franceis

franceis oblique singular, m (nominative singular franceis)

franceis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
franceis (nominative singular)


odur

odur oblique singular, m (oblique plural odurs, nominative singular odurs, nominative plural odur)

odur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
odurs (oblique plural)
odurs (nominative singular)
odur (nominative plural)


herberge

herberge oblique singular, f (oblique plural herberges, nominative singular herberge, nominative plural herberges)

herberge oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
herberges (oblique plural)
herberge (nominative singular)
herberges (nominative plural)

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin heribergo, borrowed from Frankish *harjabergu.

inh+

(by extension) camp or other place to stay


proeche

fro-noun

proeche oblique singular, f (oblique plural proeches, nominative singular proeche, nominative plural proeches)

proeche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
proeches (oblique plural)
proeche (nominative singular)
proeches (nominative plural)

→ English: prowess

French: prouesse

>? Old Galician-Portuguese: proeza

>? Old Spanish: proeza


seignour

seignour oblique singular, m (oblique plural seignours, nominative singular sire, nominative plural seignour)

seignour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
seignours (oblique plural)
sire (nominative singular)
seignour (nominative plural)


yaue

yaue oblique singular, f (oblique plural yaues, nominative singular yaue, nominative plural yaues)

yaue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
yaues (oblique plural)
yaue (nominative singular)
yaues (nominative plural)


roÿne

roÿne oblique singular, f (oblique plural roÿnes, nominative singular roÿne, nominative plural roÿnes)

roÿne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
roÿnes (oblique plural)
roÿne (nominative singular)
roÿnes (nominative plural)


tesmoin

tesmoin oblique singular, m (oblique plural tesmoinz, nominative singular tesmoinz, nominative plural tesmoin)

tesmoin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tesmoinz (oblique plural)
tesmoinz (nominative singular)
tesmoin (nominative plural)

Middle French: tesmoing
French: témoin

Norman: têmoin


tesmoing

tesmoing oblique singular, m (oblique plural tesmoinz, nominative singular tesmoinz, nominative plural tesmoing)

tesmoing oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tesmoinz (oblique plural)
tesmoinz (nominative singular)
tesmoing (nominative plural)


taverniere

taverniere oblique singular, f (oblique plural tavernieres, nominative singular taverniere, nominative plural tavernieres)

taverniere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tavernieres (oblique plural)
taverniere (nominative singular)
tavernieres (nominative plural)


iaue

iaue oblique singular, f (oblique plural iaues, nominative singular iaue, nominative plural iaues)

iaue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
iaues (oblique plural)
iaue (nominative singular)
iaues (nominative plural)

Angevin: iau, ève, aive

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: iau, aïe, aigue

Bourguignon: aoue, ea, aie

Champenois: iau, aive

Franc-Comtois: ave

Gallo: iau, ève, aive

Lorrain: auve, aoue, ôve

desctree

Middle French: eau, eaue
French: eau (see there for further descendants)

desc

Norman: iâo, iaoue (Guernsey), ieau (Jersey), yo (Sark), ieau, iâo (continental Normandy), iaoue (Guernsey), yo (Sark), yo, iâo (continental Normandy), iaoue (Guernsey), ieau (Jersey)

Picard: iau, ieu (Amiens)

Poitevin-Saintongeais: iau, ève

Walloon: aiwe

From Latin aqua. Compare Picard iau and Anglo-Norman ewe.


esmeraude

fro-noun

esmeraude oblique singular, f (oblique plural esmeraudes, nominative singular esmeraude, nominative plural esmeraudes)

esmeraude oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
esmeraudes (oblique plural)
esmeraude (nominative singular)
esmeraudes (nominative plural)

French: émeraude

→ Middle English: emeraude

English: emerald

From Vulgar Latin *smaralda, *smaraldus, *smaraudus, variant of Latin smaragdus (“emerald”), from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos, “emerald”), from a Semitic language.


verité

verité oblique singular, f (oblique plural veritez, nominative singular verité, nominative plural veritez)

verité oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
veritez (oblique plural)
verité (nominative singular)
veritez (nominative plural)

→ English: verity

Middle French: verité

French: vérité

Borrowed from Latin vēritās, vēritātem. See also the inherited form verté.

Sire, quant vos si m'angoissiez,
La verité vos an dirai,
Ja plus ne le vos celerai

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

Sire, when you scare me so,
I will tell you the truth,
I will hide it from you no longer


cevals

inflection of ceval:
nominative singular


cortoisie

cortoisie oblique singular, f (oblique plural cortoisies, nominative singular cortoisie, nominative plural cortoisies)

cortoisie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cortoisies (oblique plural)
cortoisie (nominative singular)
cortoisies (nominative plural)

→ English: courtesy

French: courtoisie


chevals

inflection of cheval:
nominative singular


baniere

baniere oblique singular, f (oblique plural banieres, nominative singular baniere, nominative plural banieres)

baniere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
banieres (oblique plural)
baniere (nominative singular)
banieres (nominative plural)

French: bannière

desctree

→ Middle English: baner, baniere, banner
English: banner
→ Welsh: baner

Of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *bandiz.


tronchon

fro-noun

tronchon oblique singular, m (oblique plural tronchons, nominative singular tronchons, nominative plural tronchon)

tronchon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tronchons (oblique plural)
tronchons (nominative singular)
tronchon (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle English: tronchoun, tronchon, troncheoun, truncheoune, trunsoun, tronsoun, trunchyne, trunchown, trwnchown
English: truncheon


fantosme

fro-noun

fantosme oblique singular, m (oblique plural fantosmes, nominative singular fantosmes, nominative plural fantosme)

fantosme oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fantosmes (oblique plural)
fantosmes (nominative singular)
fantosme (nominative plural)

French: fantôme (see there for further descendants)

Norman: fantôme

→ Middle Dutch: fantome

Dutch: fantoom

desctree

→ Middle English: fantome, fantam, fantem, fanteme, fantesme, fantime, fantom, fantosme, fantoum, fantum, fantym
English: phantom, phantasm
Scots: phanton

From Latin phantasma, from Ancient Greek φάντασμα (phántasma); alternatively, according to the TLFi, it may have arrived in French through Gallic Vulgar Latin in what is now southern France, from an Ionian Greek dialect brought to Marseilles, presumably in a form *phantagma > *phantauma. The later spelling in Old French thus reflects the influence of the spelling of phantasma, the standard Latin form.

Mes qui l’apele il ne le sot :
Fantosme cuide que ce soit.

Mais he did not know who was calling him
He thought that it was a ghost


seür

fro-noun

seür oblique singular, m (oblique plural seürs, nominative singular seürs, nominative plural seür)

seür oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
seürs (oblique plural)
seürs (nominative singular)
seür (nominative plural)


chaut

chaut oblique singular, m (oblique plural chauz or chautz, nominative singular chauz or chautz, nominative plural chaut)

chaut oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chauz (oblique plural)
chautz (oblique plural)
chauz (nominative singular)
chautz (nominative singular)
chaut (nominative plural)

Champenois: tchaud

French: chaud

Lorrain: tchâd

Norman: câod, caûd, caoud

Picard: caud, keud (Amiens)

Walloon: tchôd

→ Italian: cialda (from the feminine)

→ Middle English: chaud

le chaut et le freit


besoing

besoing oblique singular, m (oblique plural besoinz, nominative singular besoinz, nominative plural besoing)

besoing oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
besoinz (oblique plural)
besoinz (nominative singular)
besoing (nominative plural)

Middle French: besoing
French: besogne

Norman: bésouogn

From Vulgar Latin *bisonium, from Frankish *bisunnija.


lanche

lanche oblique singular, f (oblique plural lanches, nominative singular lanche, nominative plural lanches)

lanche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lanches (oblique plural)
lanche (nominative singular)
lanches (nominative plural)


gentillesce

gentillesce oblique singular, f (oblique plural gentillesces, nominative singular gentillesce, nominative plural gentillesces)

gentillesce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gentillesces (oblique plural)
gentillesce (nominative singular)
gentillesces (nominative plural)

French: gentillesse


deffense

deffense oblique singular, f (oblique plural deffenses, nominative singular deffense, nominative plural deffenses)

deffense oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
deffenses (oblique plural)
deffense (nominative singular)
deffenses (nominative plural)

French: défense

→ English: defence, defense

Borrowed from Late Latin dēfēnsa, nominalized feminine past participle of dēfendō.


seur

French: sureau

From an earlier seü (with an '-r' of obscure origin added), from Latin sabūcus, variant of sambūcus.


turneiement

turneiement oblique singular, m (oblique plural turneiemenz or turneiementz, nominative singular turneiemenz or turneiementz, nominative plural turneiement)

turneiement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
turneiemenz (oblique plural)
turneiementz (oblique plural)
turneiemenz (nominative singular)
turneiementz (nominative singular)
turneiement (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of tornoiement


congié

congié oblique singular, m (oblique plural congiez, nominative singular congiez, nominative plural congié)

congié oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
congiez (oblique plural)
congiez (nominative singular)
congié (nominative plural)

→ English: congee

Middle French: congié

French: congé


cigne

cigne oblique singular, m (oblique plural cignes, nominative singular cignes, nominative plural cigne)

cigne oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cignes (oblique plural)
cignes (nominative singular)
cigne (nominative plural)

French: cygne


justise

justise oblique singular, f (oblique plural justises, nominative singular justise, nominative plural justises)

justise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
justises (oblique plural)
justise (nominative singular)
justises (nominative plural)

French: justice

→ German: Justiz

→ Middle English: justice

English: justice

Sire, tu veus faire justise[?]

Ou de ton cors ferai justise

13th century, Unknown, La Vie de Saint Laurent, page 10, column 1, line 6:

D'Equitan que mut fu curteis,
Sire de nauns, jostise e reis.

12ᵗʰ Century, Marie de France, Lai d'Équitan:

Of Equitan, who was very noble
Lord of the dwarves, judge and king.


endemain

French: lendemain


haïne

haïne oblique singular, f (oblique plural haïnes, nominative singular haïne, nominative plural haïnes)

haïne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
haïnes (oblique plural)
haïne (nominative singular)
haïnes (nominative plural)


seurté

seurté oblique singular, f (oblique plural seurtez, nominative singular seurté, nominative plural seurtez)

seurté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
seurtez (oblique plural)
seurté (nominative singular)
seurtez (nominative plural)

→ English: surety

French: sûreté

From Latin sēcūritātem, accusative singular of sēcūritās.

freedom from care or danger
freedom from care or danger

sureness; certainty; guaranty; promise; pledge; assurance; freedom from care or danger; security

seürté

diaereses are not universally used in transcriptions of Old French


coustume

coustume oblique singular, f (oblique plural coustumes, nominative singular coustume, nominative plural coustumes)

coustume oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
coustumes (oblique plural)
coustume (nominative singular)
coustumes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: coustume
French: coutume
→ Danish: kutyme
→ Esperanto: kutimo

Guernsey Norman: couteume

→ Middle English: custume

English: custom

PIE word
 *ḱóm
 PIE word
 *swé
Inherited from Latin cōnsuētūdinem. Doublet of consuetude, which was borrowed.


païsan

fro-noun

païsan oblique singular, m (oblique plural païsans, nominative singular païsans, nominative plural païsan)

païsan oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
païsans (oblique plural)
païsans (nominative singular)
païsan (nominative plural)


servise

servise oblique singular, m (oblique plural servises, nominative singular servises, nominative plural servise)

servise oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
servises (oblique plural)
servises (nominative singular)
servise (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: servise, cervice, serves, serveys, serveyse, service, serviz, servyce, servys, servyse, serwyse
English: service (see there for further descendants)
Scots: service

French: service

→ German: Service

→ Austrian German: Servis

→ Hungarian: szerviz

→ Middle Irish: seirbís

Irish: seirbhís

Scottish Gaelic: seirbheis

Norman: service

Borrowed from Latin servitium, from Latin servus.


fleüte

fro-noun

fleüte oblique singular, f (oblique plural fleütes, nominative singular fleüte, nominative plural fleütes)

fleüte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fleütes (oblique plural)
fleüte (nominative singular)
fleütes (nominative plural)


volenté

volenté oblique singular, f (oblique plural volentez, nominative singular volenté, nominative plural volentez)

volenté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
volentez (oblique plural)
volenté (nominative singular)
volentez (nominative plural)

French: volonté

From Latin voluntās, voluntātem (“will”, “desire”, “disposition toward”).


fabliaus

inflection of fabliau:
nominative singular


esperanche

fro-noun

esperanche oblique singular, f (nominative singular esperanche)

esperanche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
esperanche (nominative singular)

French: espérance


arest

arest oblique singular, m (oblique plural arez or aretz, nominative singular arez or aretz, nominative plural arest)

arest oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
arez (oblique plural)
aretz (oblique plural)
arez (nominative singular)
aretz (nominative singular)
arest (nominative plural)

→ English: arrest

French: arrêt


mareis

mareis oblique singular, m (oblique plural mareis, nominative singular mareis, nominative plural mareis)

mareis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mareis (oblique plural)
mareis (nominative singular)
mareis (nominative plural)

Norman: mathais (Jersey)

Middle French: marais

French: marais, marécage

→ Middle Dutch: marasch

Dutch: moeras

→ English: morass

→ Middle Low German: mōras

→ German: Morast

desctree

→ Middle English: mareys
English: marish

From Medieval Latin mariscus, from Frankish *marisk (“marsh, swamp”).

devers le burc sunt li mareis


movoir

fro-noun

movoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural movoirs, nominative singular movoirs, nominative plural movoir)

movoir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
movoirs (oblique plural)
movoirs (nominative singular)
movoir (nominative plural)


Grezois

Grezois oblique singular, m (oblique plural Grezois, nominative singular Grezois, nominative plural Grezois)

Grezois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Grezois (oblique plural)
Grezois (nominative singular)
Grezois (nominative plural)
Grezois (masculine singular subjective)
Grezoise (feminine singular subjective)
Grezois (masculine oblique singular)
Grezoise (feminine oblique singular)
Grezois (masculine plural subjective)
Grezoises (feminine plural subjective)
Grezois (masculine oblique plural)
Grezoises (feminine oblique plural)

Grece + -ois with a consonant change for the pronunciation


burgeis

burgeis oblique singular, m (oblique plural burgeis, nominative singular burgeis, nominative plural burgeis)

burgeis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
burgeis (oblique plural)
burgeis (nominative singular)
burgeis (nominative plural)


borjois

borjois oblique singular, f (oblique plural borjois, nominative singular borjois, nominative plural borjois)

borjois oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
borjois (oblique plural)
borjois (nominative singular)
borjois (nominative plural)


iresie

iresie oblique singular, f (oblique plural iresies, nominative singular iresie, nominative plural iresies)

iresie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
iresies (oblique plural)
iresie (nominative singular)
iresies (nominative plural)

English: heresy

French: hérésie

Borrowed from Latin haeresis, from Ancient Greek αἵρεσις (haíresis, “choice, system of principles”).


grezeis

fro-noun

grezeis oblique singular, m (nominative singular grezeis)

grezeis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
grezeis (nominative singular)


carre

carre oblique singular, f (oblique plural carres, nominative singular carre, nominative plural carres)

carre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
carres (oblique plural)
carre (nominative singular)
carres (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: carre

desctree

English: car
→ French: car
→ Russian: кар (kar)
⇒ Sanskrit: कारयान (kārayāna)
→ Japanese: カー

From Latin carra, neuter plural of carrus. Compare French char, from Old French.

Vos li durrez urs e leons e chens,
Set cenz camelz e mil hosturs muers,
D’or e d’argent.IIII.C. muls cargez,
Cinquante carre, qu’en ferat carier :

c. 1150, author unknown, La Chanson de Roland:

You will give him bears, lions and dogs
Seven hundred camels and a thousand [?]
Of gold and of silver, load 400 mules
50 carts, [?]


grezois

fro-noun

grezois oblique singular, m (oblique plural grezois, nominative singular grezois, nominative plural grezois)

grezois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
grezois (oblique plural)
grezois (nominative singular)
grezois (nominative plural)

French: grégeois, feu grégeois

From gri(e)u (from Latin graecus) + -ois or Vulgar Latin *graeciscus. Compare Anglo-Norman grezeis.


genoil

genoil oblique singular, m (oblique plural genouz or genoilz, nominative singular genouz or genoilz, nominative plural genoil)

genoil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
genouz (oblique plural)
genoilz (oblique plural)
genouz (nominative singular)
genoilz (nominative singular)
genoil (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: genô

French: genou

Norman:

Guernsey Norman: genouaï

Jersey Norman: g'nou, genou

Sark: jnu

Walloon: djno

From Late Latin genuculum, alteration of Latin geniculum, diminutive of genū (“knee”).


chiere

chiere oblique singular, f (oblique plural chieres, nominative singular chiere, nominative plural chieres)

chiere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chieres (oblique plural)
chiere (nominative singular)
chieres (nominative plural)

French: chère

→ Middle English: chere
English: cheer


marle

marle oblique singular, f (oblique plural marles, nominative singular marle, nominative plural marles)

marle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
marles (oblique plural)
marle (nominative singular)
marles (nominative plural)

French: marne

desctree

→ Middle English: marle, marl, merle
English: marl
Scots: marl
Yola: maarl
→ Irish: marla
→ English: marla


honnor

fro-noun

honnor oblique singular, m (oblique plural honnors, nominative singular honnors, nominative plural honnor)

honnor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
honnors (oblique plural)
honnors (nominative singular)
honnor (nominative plural)


prüeche

prüeche oblique singular, f (oblique plural prüeches, nominative singular prüeche, nominative plural prüeches)

prüeche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
prüeches (oblique plural)
prüeche (nominative singular)
prüeches (nominative plural)


compleint

compleint oblique singular, m (oblique plural compleinz or compleintz, nominative singular compleinz or compleintz, nominative plural compleint)

compleint oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
compleinz (oblique plural)
compleintz (oblique plural)
compleinz (nominative singular)
compleintz (nominative singular)
compleint (nominative plural)


chevalerie

chevalerie oblique singular, f (oblique plural chevaleries, nominative singular chevalerie, nominative plural chevaleries)

chevalerie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chevaleries (oblique plural)
chevalerie (nominative singular)
chevaleries (nominative plural)

French: chevalerie

desctree

→ Middle English: chivalerie
English: chivalry (remodelled after modern French)

Chevalerie est si granz choze

chivalry (state of being a knight in the Middle Ages)


buisine

fro-noun

buisine oblique singular, f (oblique plural buisines, nominative singular buisine, nominative plural buisines)

buisine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
buisines (oblique plural)
buisine (nominative singular)
buisines (nominative plural)

French: buisine, buccine, buse

→ English: buisine

→ Dutch: bazuin

→ Middle High German: busūne, busīne

desctree

German: Posaune
→ English: posaune
→ Kashubian: bazuna
→ Polish: puzon
→ Slovincian: bazúna

From Latin būcina, with a change to stress on the last syllable (influenced by the suffix -īnus).


gaiant

fro-noun

gaiant oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaianz or gaiantz, nominative singular gaianz or gaiantz, nominative plural gaiant)

gaiant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gaianz (oblique plural)
gaiantz (oblique plural)
gaianz (nominative singular)
gaiantz (nominative singular)
gaiant (nominative plural)

→ English: giant

French: géant

From Vulgar Latin *gagantem, from Latin gigās, gigantem, from Ancient Greek γίγας (gígas, “giant”).


remanant

remanant oblique singular, m (oblique plural remananz or remanantz, nominative singular remananz or remanantz, nominative plural remanant)

remanant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
remananz (oblique plural)
remanantz (oblique plural)
remananz (nominative singular)
remanantz (nominative singular)
remanant (nominative plural)

on en doit oster les extremitez et le remanant

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 165 of this essay:

one must remove the extremities and the remnant


oef

oef oblique singular, m (oblique plural oés, nominative singular oés, nominative plural oef)

oef oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oés (oblique plural)
oés (nominative singular)
oef (nominative plural)

Middle French: œuf
French: œuf

Norman: oeu, œu

Picard: uë

Walloon: oû

Inherited from Vulgar Latin (*)ŏvum, from Classical Latin ōvum.

Qu'il n'a laissié vaillant .i. oef

c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain, the Knight of the Lion:


agniau

agniau oblique singular, m (oblique plural agniaus, nominative singular agniaus, nominative plural agniau)

agniau oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
agniaus (oblique plural)
agniaus (nominative singular)
agniau (nominative plural)

French: agneau


jaiant

jaiant oblique singular, m (oblique plural jaianz or jaiantz, nominative singular jaianz or jaiantz, nominative plural jaiant)

jaiant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jaianz (oblique plural)
jaiantz (oblique plural)
jaianz (nominative singular)
jaiantz (nominative singular)
jaiant (nominative plural)


sanc

sanc oblique singular, m (oblique plural sans, nominative singular sans, nominative plural sanc)

sanc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sans (oblique plural)
sans (nominative singular)
sanc (nominative plural)

French: sang

Norman: sang

Walloon: sonk

From Vulgar Latin sanguem, alteration of Latin sanguinem, accusative of sanguis.

Del sanc vermoil rogist li fers.


fraunceis

fraunceis oblique singular, m (nominative singular fraunceis)

fraunceis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fraunceis (nominative singular)


latyn

latyn oblique singular, m (nominative singular latyns)

latyn oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
latyns (nominative singular)


Angloise

(late Old French) female equivalent of Anglois


Anglois

Anglois (masculine singular subjective)
Angloise (feminine singular subjective)
Angleche (feminine singular subjective)
Anglois (masculine oblique singular)
Angloise (feminine oblique singular)
Angleche (feminine oblique singular)
Anglois (masculine plural subjective)
Angloises (feminine plural subjective)
Angleches (feminine plural subjective)
Anglois (masculine oblique plural)
Angloises (feminine oblique plural)
Angleches (feminine oblique plural)


Angloises

(late Old French) feminine plural of Anglois


anglois

anglois oblique singular, m (nominative singular anglois)

anglois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
anglois (nominative singular)


chastelet

chastelet oblique singular, m (oblique plural chastelez or chasteletz, nominative singular chastelez or chasteletz, nominative plural chastelet)

chastelet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chastelez (oblique plural)
chasteletz (oblique plural)
chastelez (nominative singular)
chasteletz (nominative singular)
chastelet (nominative plural)

→ English: castlet (through Anglo-Norman)

French: châtelet

→ Latin: Castelletum


clers

inflection of clerc:
nominative singular


poverté

poverté oblique singular, f (oblique plural povertez, nominative singular poverté, nominative plural povertez)

poverté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
povertez (oblique plural)
poverté (nominative singular)
povertez (nominative plural)

French: pauvreté

Norman: pouôrreté

→ Middle English: poverte

English: poverty

From Latin paupertās, paupertātem, corresponding to povre + -té.

Mais tel poverté y avoit[.]

c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion:


veüe

veüe oblique singular, f (oblique plural veües, nominative singular veüe, nominative plural veües)

veüe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
veües (oblique plural)
veüe (nominative singular)
veües (nominative plural)


mesaise

mesaise oblique singular, f (oblique plural mesaises, nominative singular mesaise, nominative plural mesaises)

mesaise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mesaises (oblique plural)
mesaise (nominative singular)
mesaises (nominative plural)

→ English: misease

French: mésaise

plaint sa mesaise e sa grant peine

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 168, line 2021:

she lamented her suffering and her great pain


serour

serour oblique singular, f (oblique plural serours, nominative singular suer, nominative plural serours)

serour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
serours (oblique plural)
suer (nominative singular)
serours (nominative plural)


eritage

eritage oblique singular, m (oblique plural eritages, nominative singular eritages, nominative plural eritage)

eritage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
eritages (oblique plural)
eritages (nominative singular)
eritage (nominative plural)

French: héritage

→ Italian: retaggio

heritage (that which is to be inherited)


aage

aage oblique singular, m (oblique plural aages, nominative singular aages, nominative plural aage)

aage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aages (oblique plural)
aages (nominative singular)
aage (nominative plural)


espaulle

espaulle oblique singular, f (oblique plural espaulles, nominative singular espaulle, nominative plural espaulles)

espaulle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
espaulles (oblique plural)
espaulle (nominative singular)
espaulles (nominative plural)


tenchon

tenchon oblique singular, f (oblique plural tenchons, nominative singular tenchon, nominative plural tenchons)

tenchon oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tenchons (oblique plural)
tenchon (nominative singular)
tenchons (nominative plural)

→ English: tension

French: tension


avugle

French: aveugle


surgien

surgien oblique singular, m (oblique plural surgiens, nominative singular surgiens, nominative plural surgien)

surgien oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
surgiens (oblique plural)
surgiens (nominative singular)
surgien (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: surgien

English: surgeon

Middle French: surgien

Norman: seurgien

A contraction of earlier cerorgien, inherited from Vulgar Latin *chīrurgiānus, from Latin chīrurgia, from chīrurgus, from Ancient Greek χειρουργός (kheirourgós). Doublet of cirurgiien.


puchele

puchele oblique singular, f (oblique plural pucheles, nominative singular puchele, nominative plural pucheles)

puchele oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pucheles (oblique plural)
puchele (nominative singular)
pucheles (nominative plural)


osberc

osberc oblique singular, m (oblique plural osbers, nominative singular osbers, nominative plural osberc)

osberc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
osbers (oblique plural)
osbers (nominative singular)
osberc (nominative plural)

Alternative form of hauberc (“chainmail (protective armor)”)


osbercs

inflection of osberc:
nominative singular


espiet

espiet oblique singular, m (oblique plural espiez or espietz, nominative singular espiez or espietz, nominative plural espiet)

espiet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
espiez (oblique plural)
espietz (oblique plural)
espiez (nominative singular)
espietz (nominative singular)
espiet (nominative plural)

French: épieu

→ Italian: spiedo, spiede

Either from Late Latin speutum, speudum, itself borrowed from Frankish *speut (“spear”), or borrowed from Old Norse spjót (“spear”).


uel

uel oblique singular, m (oblique plural ialz, nominative singular ialz, nominative plural uel)

uel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ialz (oblique plural)
ialz (nominative singular)
uel (nominative plural)


jangleor

jangleor oblique singular, m (oblique plural jangleors, nominative singular janglere, nominative plural jangleor)

jangleor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jangleors (oblique plural)
janglere (nominative singular)
jangleor (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: jogelour, jugelur

i

partly; also continuing Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">ġeogolere</i> (“wizard”)

→ Middle English: jogeler, jogelour, iogular (partly; also continuing Old English ġeogolere (“wizard”))

English: juggler

desctree

French: jongleur
→ Czech: žonglér
→ Danish: jonglør
→ Dutch: jongleur
→ English: jongleur
→ German: Jongleur
→ Hungarian: zsonglőr
→ Romanian: jongler
→ Russian: жонглёр (žongljór) (see there for further descendants)
→ Serbo-Croatian: žònglēr, жо̀нгле̄р
→ Slovak: žonglér

From Latin iocor, ioculor (“to joke, to jest”).


tresor

fro-noun

tresor oblique singular, m (oblique plural tresors, nominative singular tresors, nominative plural tresor)

tresor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tresors (oblique plural)
tresors (nominative singular)
tresor (nominative plural)

Middle French: thresor
French: trésor

Walloon: trezôr

→ Middle English: tresour

English: treasure

Scots: treisur

→ Esperanto: trezoro

→ German: Tresor

→ Czech: trezor

→ Serbo-Croatian: trèzōr/трѐзо̄р

→ Ido: trezoro

→ Ladino: trezoro

→ Occitan: tresaur

→ Welsh: trysor

From Latin thēsaurus (“treasure”), from Ancient Greek θησαυρός (thēsaurós, “treasure house”).

der

C'est mes avoirs, c'est mes tresorz.


pleie

fro-noun

pleie oblique singular, f (oblique plural pleies, nominative singular pleie, nominative plural pleies)

pleie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pleies (oblique plural)
pleie (nominative singular)
pleies (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of plaie


mereor

mereor oblique singular, m (oblique plural mereors, nominative singular mereors, nominative plural mereor)

mereor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mereors (oblique plural)
mereors (nominative singular)
mereor (nominative plural)


harneis

harneis oblique singular, m (oblique plural harneis, nominative singular harneis, nominative plural harneis)

harneis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
harneis (oblique plural)
harneis (nominative singular)
harneis (nominative plural)


boche

boche oblique singular, f (oblique plural boches, nominative singular boche, nominative plural boches)

boche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
boches (oblique plural)
boche (nominative singular)
boches (nominative plural)

Middle French: bouche

French: bouche

Norman: bouoche

Walloon: boutche


hernois

hernois oblique singular, m (oblique plural hernois, nominative singular hernois, nominative plural hernois)

hernois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hernois (oblique plural)
hernois (nominative singular)
hernois (nominative plural)

→ Catalan: arnès

French: harnais, harnois

Norman: hèrnais

Walloon: haerna, herna

→ Middle Dutch: harnas

Dutch: harnas

→ Middle English: harneys

English: harness

desc

→ Middle High German: harnasch, harnisch

German: Harnisch

→ Italian: arnese

→ Portuguese: arnês

→ Spanish: arnés

Likely a borrowing from Old Norse *hernest, from Old Norse herr (“army”) + nest (“equipment”) (from Proto-Germanic *nesaną (“to heal, recover”)).


reaume

fro-noun

reaume oblique singular, m (oblique plural reaumes, nominative singular reaumes, nominative plural reaume)

reaume oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
reaumes (oblique plural)
reaumes (nominative singular)
reaume (nominative plural)

French: royaume

→ Italian: reame

Norman:

Guernsey Norman: rouoyanme, royaûme

Jersey Norman: rouoyaume

Continental Norman: reyoume

→ Middle English: rewme, reaume, realme

English: realm

From real (“regal, royal”), from Latin regalis.
According to another theory, from an alteration of reiame, from Latin regimen (genitive regiminis). Compare Old Occitan regeme, reialme.

Ferai de vos roi coroné
del meillor reaume de Gales.

c. 1176, Christian of Troyes (translated by Laurence Harf-Lancner), Cligès, →ISBN, page 140:

I will make of you a king
of the best kingdom of Wales


Galois

Galois oblique singular, m (oblique plural Galois, nominative singular Galois, nominative plural Galois)

Galois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Galois (oblique plural)
Galois (nominative singular)
Galois (nominative plural)
Galois (masculine singular subjective)
Galoise (feminine singular subjective)
Galois (masculine oblique singular)
Galoise (feminine oblique singular)
Galois (masculine plural subjective)
Galoises (feminine plural subjective)
Galois (masculine oblique plural)
Galoises (feminine oblique plural)

French: Gallois

Percevaus li Galois

Sire, sachiez bien antreset
que Galois sont tuit par nature
plus fol que bestes an pasture
cist est ausi con une beste.

c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval ou le conte du Graal:

Sire, you know that we both know
That the Welsh are all by their nature
More insane than the beasts in the fields
And this one is as stupid as a beast.


feire

feire oblique singular, f (oblique plural feires, nominative singular feire, nominative plural feires)

feire oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
feires (oblique plural)
feire (nominative singular)
feires (nominative plural)

→ English: fair


talant

talant oblique singular, m (oblique plural talanz or talantz, nominative singular talanz or talantz, nominative plural talant)

talant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
talanz (oblique plural)
talantz (oblique plural)
talanz (nominative singular)
talantz (nominative singular)
talant (nominative plural)

Par grant talant comance a boivre.

Due to his great desire, he started to drink.


javeloz

inflection of javelot:
nominative singular


secheresce

secheresce oblique singular, f (oblique plural secheresces, nominative singular secheresce, nominative plural secheresces)

secheresce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
secheresces (oblique plural)
secheresce (nominative singular)
secheresces (nominative plural)

French: sécheresse


arçun

arçun oblique singular, m (oblique plural arçuns, nominative singular arçuns, nominative plural arçun)

arçun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
arçuns (oblique plural)
arçuns (nominative singular)
arçun (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of arçon


arsun

arsun oblique singular, m (oblique plural arsuns, nominative singular arsuns, nominative plural arsun)

arsun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
arsuns (oblique plural)
arsuns (nominative singular)
arsun (nominative plural)


ocision

ocision oblique singular, f (oblique plural ocisions, nominative singular ocision, nominative plural ocisions)

ocision oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ocisions (oblique plural)
ocision (nominative singular)
ocisions (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Latin occīsiōnem, accusative singular of occīsiō.


chalor

chalor oblique singular, m (oblique plural chalors, nominative singular chalors, nominative plural chalor)

chalor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chalors (oblique plural)
chalors (nominative singular)
chalor (nominative plural)

French: chaleur

Norman: chaleu

Walloon: tcholeur


mautalant

mautalant oblique singular, m (oblique plural mautalanz or mautalantz, nominative singular mautalanz or mautalantz, nominative plural mautalant)

mautalant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mautalanz (oblique plural)
mautalantz (oblique plural)
mautalanz (nominative singular)
mautalantz (nominative singular)
mautalant (nominative plural)


jor

jor oblique singular, m (oblique plural jorz, nominative singular jorz, nominative plural jor)

jor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jorz (oblique plural)
jorz (nominative singular)
jor (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: jor

Franc-Comtois: djoué

French: jour
→ Norwegian Bokmål: jour

Norman: jour

Walloon: djoû

Inherited from Late Latin diurnum. Compare Old Occitan jorn.


indiction

indiction oblique singular, f (oblique plural indictions, nominative singular indiction, nominative plural indictions)

indiction oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
indictions (oblique plural)
indiction (nominative singular)
indictions (nominative plural)

→ English: indiction

French: indiction


culur

culur oblique singular, f (oblique plural culurs, nominative singular culur, nominative plural culurs)

culur oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
culurs (oblique plural)
culur (nominative singular)
culurs (nominative plural)

En sun visage sa culur ad perdue.

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of color


acointanche

acointanche oblique singular, f (oblique plural acointanches, nominative singular acointanche, nominative plural acointanches)

acointanche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
acointanches (oblique plural)
acointanche (nominative singular)
acointanches (nominative plural)


escole

escole oblique singular, f (oblique plural escoles, nominative singular escole, nominative plural escoles)

escole oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
escoles (oblique plural)
escole (nominative singular)
escoles (nominative plural)

Franc-Comtois: écôle

desctree

Middle French: eschole
French: école
Haitian Creole: lekòl
→ Bambara: ekɔli, lakɔli
→ Moore: lekolle
Turkish: ekol

Norman: êcole

Walloon: scole, sicole

Borrowed from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).


lunsdi

fro-noun

lunsdi oblique singular, m (oblique plural lunsdis, nominative singular lunsdis, nominative plural lunsdi)

lunsdi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lunsdis (oblique plural)
lunsdis (nominative singular)
lunsdi (nominative plural)


loiauté

loiauté oblique singular, f (oblique plural loiautez, nominative singular loiauté, nominative plural loiautez)

loiauté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
loiautez (oblique plural)
loiauté (nominative singular)
loiautez (nominative plural)

→ English: loyalty

French: loyauté

From loial + -té, via the masculine plural form loiaus, possibly corresponding to Medieval Latin legalitās, legalitātem, from Latin legālis.


reïne

reïne oblique singular, f (oblique plural reïnes, nominative singular reïne, nominative plural reïnes)

reïne oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
reïnes (oblique plural)
reïne (nominative singular)
reïnes (nominative plural)

[Elle] valt mielz de vus, dame reïne
de cors, de vis e de bealté,
d'enseignement e de bunté.

[She] is worth more than you, Your Majesty
in body, in her face, in beauty
in education and in goodness.


meslee

meslee oblique singular, f (oblique plural meslees, nominative singular meslee, nominative plural meslees)

meslee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
meslees (oblique plural)
meslee (nominative singular)
meslees (nominative plural)

Trop avons fet grant reposee,
Recomançomes la meslee!

We have rested too much
Let's restart the battle!


estoire

estoire oblique singular, f (oblique plural estoires, nominative singular estoire, nominative plural estoires)

estoire oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
estoires (oblique plural)
estoire (nominative singular)
estoires (nominative plural)

desctree

Anglo-Norman: estorie
→ Middle English: storie
English: story
Sranan Tongo: tori
Aukan: toli
→ Dutch: tori
→ Welsh: stori
→ Persian: استوری (estori)
→ Portuguese: estória
Scots: story

French: histoire
Haitian Creole: istwa

Gallo: istoèrr

desc

Norman: histouaire, histouaithe (Jersey), histouère (continental Normandy), istwer (Sark), histouère, istwer

desctree

→ Middle English: historie
English: history, Hx, hx (chiefly medicine)
Pitcairn-Norfolk: histrei
Scots: history

La senestre, selonc l'estoire,
senefie la vainne gloire
qui vint de fause ypocrisie.
Et la destre, que senefie ?
Charité, qui de sa bone oevre
pas ne se vante, ençois la coevre[.]

The left, according to history
Represents vainglory
Which comes from false hypocrisy
And the right, what does that represent?
Charity, which does not
boast about its good work


estoire

From Ancient Greek στόλιον (stólion), diminutive of στολή (stolḗ, “equipment”).

Alternative form of estoile (“war provision”)


pooir

fro-noun

pooir oblique singular, m (oblique plural pooirs, nominative singular pooirs, nominative plural pooir)

pooir oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pooirs (oblique plural)
pooirs (nominative singular)
pooir (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: peuvoi

Champenois: pouâr

Franc-Comtois: povoi

Gallo: pouair

Lorrain: pouhoir

Middle French: povoir

French: pouvoir

Norman: pouveî

Picard: puvoér

Poitevin-Saintongeais: pevoer

Walloon: poleur

→ Middle English: poer, power

desctree

English: power
→ German: Power
→ Welsh: pŵer

From Vulgar Latin potēre, from Latin posse.

si come li sires qui vuet en petit leu amasser choses de grandisme vaillance […] por acroistre son pooir […] i met il les plus chieres choses et les plus precieux joiaus que il puet, selonc sa bone entencion, tout autressi est li cors de cest livre compilez de sapience

1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “Cist premiers livres parole de la naissance de toutes choses [This first book talks about the birth of all things]” (chapter 1), Livre I - Premiere partie, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 1:

Just like the lord, who wishes to accumulate very valuable things in a tiny place […] in order to increase his power, […] puts there—according to his good intention—the dearest things and the most precious jewels he can, so the body of this book is filled with knowledge


pouche

fro-noun

pouche oblique singular, f (oblique plural pouches, nominative singular pouche, nominative plural pouches)

pouche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pouches (oblique plural)
pouche (nominative singular)
pouches (nominative plural)

→ English: pouch


Einglois

Einglois oblique singular, m (oblique plural Einglois, nominative singular Einglois, nominative plural Einglois)

Einglois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
Einglois (oblique plural)
Einglois (nominative singular)
Einglois (nominative plural)


virgine

virgine oblique singular, f (oblique plural virgines, nominative singular virgine, nominative plural virgines)

virgine oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
virgines (oblique plural)
virgine (nominative singular)
virgines (nominative plural)

En la virgine se mist, e pur hom charn i prist,

c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire, line 207:

He put himself in the virgin, and took the form of flesh


poket

poket oblique singular, m (oblique plural pokez or poketz, nominative singular pokez or poketz, nominative plural poket)

poket oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pokez (oblique plural)
poketz (oblique plural)
pokez (nominative singular)
poketz (nominative singular)
poket (nominative plural)

→ English: pocket


fortereche

fortereche oblique singular, f (oblique plural fortereches, nominative singular fortereche, nominative plural fortereches)

fortereche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fortereches (oblique plural)
fortereche (nominative singular)
fortereches (nominative plural)

(Picardy) Alternative form of forteresce


forteresce

forteresce oblique singular, f (oblique plural forteresces, nominative singular forteresce, nominative plural forteresces)

forteresce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
forteresces (oblique plural)
forteresce (nominative singular)
forteresces (nominative plural)

→ English: fortress

French: forteresse

Norman: fortéresse (Jersey)


einglois

einglois oblique singular, m (nominative singular einglois)

einglois oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
einglois (nominative singular)


palés

palés oblique singular, m (oblique plural palés, nominative singular palés, nominative plural palés)

palés oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
palés (oblique plural)
palés (nominative singular)
palés (nominative plural)

El palés real venu sont


respondeor

respondeor oblique singular, m (oblique plural respondeors, nominative singular respondere, nominative plural respondeor)

respondeor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
respondeors (oblique plural)
respondere (nominative singular)
respondeor (nominative plural)

Bien fist li vaslez son message […] mes ne trueve respondeor

The young man delivered his message […] but didn't find anyone to respond


poque

poque oblique singular, f (oblique plural poques, nominative singular poque, nominative plural poques)

poque oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
poques (oblique plural)
poque (nominative singular)
poques (nominative plural)

(Old Northern French) Alternative form of puche


boivres

inflection of boivre:
nominative singular


espice

espice oblique singular, f (oblique plural espices, nominative singular espice, nominative plural espices)

espice oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
espices (oblique plural)
espice (nominative singular)
espices (nominative plural)

Middle French: espice
French: épice

→ English: spice

→ Scottish Gaelic: spìos


nigromancie

nigromancie oblique singular, f (oblique plural nigromancies, nominative singular nigromancie, nominative plural nigromancies)

nigromancie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nigromancies (oblique plural)
nigromancie (nominative singular)
nigromancies (nominative plural)

→ English: nigromancy

Blend of Latin niger (“black”) + necromantīa (“magic involving the dead”)

si savoit molt de nigromancie


dongier

dongier oblique singular, m (oblique plural dongiers, nominative singular dongiers, nominative plural dongier)

dongier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dongiers (oblique plural)
dongiers (nominative singular)
dongier (nominative plural)

(Early Old French) Alternative form of dangier


Alemant

French: Allemand

From Old High German Alaman, via Late Latin Alemannus.

A German; someone from the territory that is now called Germany


alemant

alemant oblique singular, m (oblique plural alemanz or alemantz, nominative singular alemanz or alemantz, nominative plural alemant)

alemant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
alemanz (oblique plural)
alemantz (oblique plural)
alemanz (nominative singular)
alemantz (nominative singular)
alemant (nominative plural)

French: allemand

Norman: Allémand

Picard: al'mand


utrage

utrage oblique singular, m (oblique plural utrages, nominative singular utrages, nominative plural utrage)

utrage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
utrages (oblique plural)
utrages (nominative singular)
utrage (nominative plural)


ultrage

ultrage oblique singular, m (oblique plural ultrages, nominative singular ultrages, nominative plural ultrage)

ultrage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ultrages (oblique plural)
ultrages (nominative singular)
ultrage (nominative plural)


oltrage

oltrage oblique singular, m (oblique plural oltrages, nominative singular oltrages, nominative plural oltrage)

oltrage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oltrages (oblique plural)
oltrages (nominative singular)
oltrage (nominative plural)

desctree

French: outrage
→ Romanian: ultraj (calque)

→ Italian: oltraggio

→ Middle English: outrage

English: outrage

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]

Galician: aldraxe

Portuguese: ultraje

→ Old Spanish: [Term?]

Spanish: ultraje

From Vulgar Latin *ultrāticum (literally “a going beyond”), from Latin ultra (“beyond”).


fortreche

fro-noun

fortreche oblique singular, f (oblique plural fortreches, nominative singular fortreche, nominative plural fortreches)

fortreche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fortreches (oblique plural)
fortreche (nominative singular)
fortreches (nominative plural)


cuple

cuple oblique singular, f (oblique plural cuples, nominative singular cuple, nominative plural cuples)

cuple oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cuples (oblique plural)
cuple (nominative singular)
cuples (nominative plural)


dulor

dulor oblique singular, f (oblique plural dulors, nominative singular dulor, nominative plural dulors)

dulor oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dulors (oblique plural)
dulor (nominative singular)
dulors (nominative plural)


ypocrisie

ypocrisie oblique singular, f (oblique plural ypocrisies, nominative singular ypocrisie, nominative plural ypocrisies)

ypocrisie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ypocrisies (oblique plural)
ypocrisie (nominative singular)
ypocrisies (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: ipocrisie

English: hypocrisy

Middle French:

French: hypocrisie

→ Romanian: ipocrizie

From Latin hypocrisis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόκρισις (hupókrisis).


faucons

inflection of faucon:
nominative singular


chanp

chanp oblique singular, m (oblique plural chans, nominative singular chans, nominative plural chanp)

chanp oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chans (oblique plural)
chans (nominative singular)
chanp (nominative plural)


bievre

bievre oblique singular, m (oblique plural bievres, nominative singular bievres, nominative plural bievre)

bievre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bievres (oblique plural)
bievres (nominative singular)
bievre (nominative plural)

Middle French: bievre

French: bièvre (archaic or dialectal)

From Latin beber, of Germanic or Celtic origin, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus (“beaver”). Akin to Old High German bibar (German Biber (“beaver”)), Middle Dutch bēver (Dutch bever (“beaver”)), Old English befer (“beaver”). More at beaver.


voiz

voiz oblique singular, f (oblique plural voiz, nominative singular voiz, nominative plural voiz)

voiz oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
voiz (oblique plural)
voiz (nominative singular)
voiz (nominative plural)

Middle French: voix
French: voix

Norman: vouaix

Walloon: vwès

desctree

→ Middle English: voys, vois, voice, voyce, voysce, voyse, voise, voyz, voix, voce, veys, vaise, voyes
English: voice
Scots: voice, vice, vyce
Yola: vice

From Latin vōcem, accusative singular of vōx.


heiron

fro-noun

heiron oblique singular, m (oblique plural heirons, nominative singular heirons, nominative plural heiron)

heiron oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
heirons (oblique plural)
heirons (nominative singular)
heiron (nominative plural)

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: aigron, hégron (Bourbonnais), aigueron, aigron (Berrichon)

Franc-Comtois: âron

desctree

Middle French: heron, hairon
French: héron

Gallo: aégron

Picard: hérôn, éron (Athois)

Poitevin-Saintongeais: égrun, égroun

Walloon: éron (Forrières)

→ Middle English: heron, hayroun, heern, heiron, herne, heroun, herowne, heyrone, heyroun, heyrune
English: heron, hern
Scots: hern

From Medieval Latin hairō, *haigrō, from Frankish *hraigrō, from Proto-Germanic *hraigrô (“heron”).


gaiole

fro-noun

gaiole oblique singular, f (oblique plural gaioles, nominative singular gaiole, nominative plural gaioles)

gaiole oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
gaioles (oblique plural)
gaiole (nominative singular)
gaioles (nominative plural)


respit

respit oblique singular, m (oblique plural respiz or respitz, nominative singular respiz or respitz, nominative plural respit)

respit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
respiz (oblique plural)
respitz (oblique plural)
respiz (nominative singular)
respitz (nominative singular)
respit (nominative plural)

French: répit

→ English: respite

From Latin respectus, from the verb respicio (“I look back at”).

Molt volantiers, que ja respiz n'an sera priz

Willingly, straight away [i.e. without taking rest first]


chantur

chantur oblique singular, m (oblique plural chanturs, nominative singular chantere, nominative plural chantur)

chantur oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chanturs (oblique plural)
chantere (nominative singular)
chantur (nominative plural)

(Anglo-Norman) preacher, such as a priest


ymage

ymage oblique singular, f (oblique plural ymages, nominative singular ymage, nominative plural ymages)

ymage oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ymages (oblique plural)
ymage (nominative singular)
ymages (nominative plural)


juree

juree oblique singular, f (oblique plural jurees, nominative singular juree, nominative plural jurees)

juree oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
jurees (oblique plural)
juree (nominative singular)
jurees (nominative plural)

→ Irish: giúiré

desctree

→ Middle English: jure, jurie, jurry, jurre
English: jury (see there for further descendants)


juene

juenes (masculine singular subjective)
juene (feminine singular subjective)
juene (masculine oblique singular)
juene (feminine oblique singular)
juene (masculine plural subjective)
juenes (feminine plural subjective)
juenes (masculine oblique plural)
juenes (feminine oblique plural)

Middle French: jeune
French: jeune

Norman: janne, jenne, june

Walloon: djonne

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *iŏvenem, from Latin iuvenem.

Et tuit li juene et li chenu
A une feste sont venu[.]

And all the young and old,
Came to a feast.


josteor

fro-noun

josteor oblique singular, m (oblique plural josteors, nominative singular josteors, nominative plural josteor)

josteor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
josteors (oblique plural)
josteors (nominative singular)
josteor (nominative plural)


troble

troble oblique singular, m (oblique plural trobles, nominative singular trobles, nominative plural troble)

troble oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
trobles (oblique plural)
trobles (nominative singular)
troble (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: truble, troble

English: trouble

French: trouble

From troble or from metathesis of a Vulgar Latin *turbulus, from Latin turbō or turbula.


nurice

nurice oblique singular, f (oblique plural nurices, nominative singular nurice, nominative plural nurices)

nurice oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
nurices (oblique plural)
nurice (nominative singular)
nurices (nominative plural)

English: nurse


braz

braz oblique singular, m (oblique plural braz, nominative singular braz, nominative plural braz)

braz oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
braz (oblique plural)
braz (nominative singular)
braz (nominative plural)


norrice

norrice oblique singular, f (oblique plural norrices, nominative singular norrice, nominative plural norrices)

norrice oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
norrices (oblique plural)
norrice (nominative singular)
norrices (nominative plural)

French: nourrice

Norman: nouôrriche

desctree

→ Middle English: norice, noris, norische, norrice, norse, norys, noryse, norysshe, nurishe, nurse
English: nurse (obsolete norice, nourice, nourse)
Scots: nourice, nuirice

→ Sicilian: nurrizza

From Late Latin nūtrīcia, substantivization of the feminine of Latin nūtrīcius, an adjective based on nūtrīx (“nurse”).

Or wet de l’argent ma norrice

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la complainte Rutebuef de son oeul:


armeure

fro-noun

armeure oblique singular, f (oblique plural armeures, nominative singular armeure, nominative plural armeures)

armeure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
armeures (oblique plural)
armeure (nominative singular)
armeures (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: armure, armeure
French: armure
→ English: armure
→ Romanian: armură

→ Middle English: armure, aarmer, armeure, armor, armore, armour, armur, armwr
English: armor, armour, armure
Scots: armour

armor (protective clothing worn for battle)


prame

fro-noun

prame oblique singular, f (oblique plural prames, nominative singular prame, nominative plural prames)

prame oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
prames (oblique plural)
prame (nominative singular)
prames (nominative plural)

→ English: prasine

French: prime


acordement

acordement oblique singular, m (oblique plural acordemenz or acordementz, nominative singular acordemenz or acordementz, nominative plural acordement)

acordement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
acordemenz (oblique plural)
acordementz (oblique plural)
acordemenz (nominative singular)
acordementz (nominative singular)
acordement (nominative plural)

English: accordment

e par tant funt l'acordement

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 174, line 140:


encontre

encontre oblique singular, m (oblique plural encontres, nominative singular encontres, nominative plural encontre)

encontre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
encontres (oblique plural)
encontres (nominative singular)
encontre (nominative plural)


egle

egle oblique singular, m (oblique plural egles, nominative singular egles, nominative plural egle)

egle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
egles (oblique plural)
egles (nominative singular)
egle (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: egle, agle, egel
English: eagle (see there for further descendants)
Scots: aigle

From Latin aquila, with a change of gender from feminine to masculine.


mehaing

fro-noun

mehaing oblique singular, m (oblique plural mehainz, nominative singular mehainz, nominative plural mehaing)

mehaing oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mehainz (oblique plural)
mehainz (nominative singular)
mehaing (nominative plural)


Angleches

(early Old French) feminine plural of Anglois


Angleche

(early Old French) female equivalent of Anglois


empereriz

empereriz oblique singular, f (oblique plural empereriz, nominative singular empereriz, nominative plural empereriz)

empereriz oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
empereriz (oblique plural)
empereriz (nominative singular)
empereriz (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: emperice
English: empress
Scots: empress


fisicien

fro-noun

fisicien oblique singular, m (oblique plural fisiciens, nominative singular fisiciens, nominative plural fisicien)

fisicien oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fisiciens (oblique plural)
fisiciens (nominative singular)
fisicien (nominative plural)

English: physician

French: physicien, fisicien

From Latin physica (“natural science”), from Ancient Greek φυσκικὴ ἐπιστήμη (phuskikḕ epistḗmē, “knowledge of nature”) from φυσικός (phusikós, “pertaining to nature”) from φύσις (phúsis, “nature”) from φύω (phúō, “to bring forth, produce”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to exist, grow”).

der

φυσκικὴ ἐπιστήμη


pueple

fro-noun

pueple oblique singular, m (oblique plural pueples, nominative singular pueples, nominative plural pueple)

pueple oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pueples (oblique plural)
pueples (nominative singular)
pueple (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: peuple

desctree

Middle French: peuple
French: peuple
Haitian Creole: pèp
→ Franco-Provençal: peuple

Walloon: peupe

→ Middle English: peple
English: people
Scots: people

→ Middle High German: bovel, povel

German: Pöbel
→ Danish: pøbel
→ Norwegian: pøbel
→ Swedish: pöbel

Le pueple anglois


estage

fro-noun

estage oblique singular, m (oblique plural estages, nominative singular estages, nominative plural estage)

estage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
estages (oblique plural)
estages (nominative singular)
estage (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: estage, estaige
French: étage
→ Czech: etáž
→ Bulgarian: етаж (etaž)
→ Danish: etage
→ Dutch: etage
→ Esperanto: etaĝo
→ German: Etage
Norwegian:
→ Norwegian Bokmål: etasje
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: etasje
→ Romanian: etaj
→ Russian: этаж (etaž)

Latin: stagium (Medieval Latin)

→ French: stage

→ Middle English: stage
English: stage

ester + -age, from Latin stāre, present active infinitive of stō. Alternatively, possibly from an intermediate Vulgar Latin *stāticum, also from stō.


estoilete

fro-noun

estoilete oblique singular, f (oblique plural estoiletes, nominative singular estoilete, nominative plural estoiletes)

estoilete oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
estoiletes (oblique plural)
estoilete (nominative singular)
estoiletes (nominative plural)


retor

retor oblique singular, m (oblique plural retors, nominative singular retors, nominative plural retor)

retor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
retors (oblique plural)
retors (nominative singular)
retor (nominative plural)


essainple

essainple oblique singular, m (oblique plural essainples, nominative singular essainples, nominative plural essainple)

essainple oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
essainples (oblique plural)
essainples (nominative singular)
essainple (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: ensample

→ Middle English: ensaumple

English: ensample

Scots: ensaumple

⇒ Anglo-Norman: sample, saumple (aphetic form)

desctree

→ Middle English: saumple, sample, saumpel
English: sample
Scots: saumple

desc

Anglo-Norman: exaumple, exaumpel, xsample

→ Middle English: exaumple

English: example

Scots: exemple

French: exemple
→ Romanian: exemplu

→ Irish: sampla


froidure

fro-noun

froidure oblique singular, f (oblique plural froidures, nominative singular froidure, nominative plural froidures)

froidure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
froidures (oblique plural)
froidure (nominative singular)
froidures (nominative plural)

French: froideur

Elle commence avec froidure congelant et par horripilation et confraction du dos

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):

It starts with a feeling of freezing cold, cold shivers and cracking of the back


goutiere

goutiere oblique singular, f (oblique plural goutieres, nominative singular goutiere, nominative plural goutieres)

goutiere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
goutieres (oblique plural)
goutiere (nominative singular)
goutieres (nominative plural)

→ English: gutter

French: gouttière


anclume

anclume oblique singular, f (oblique plural anclumes, nominative singular anclume, nominative plural anclumes)

anclume oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
anclumes (oblique plural)
anclume (nominative singular)
anclumes (nominative plural)

French: enclume

From Vulgar Latin *incudinem, from Latin incus, incudem.


leun

leun oblique singular, m (oblique plural leuns, nominative singular leuns, nominative plural leun)

leun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
leuns (oblique plural)
leuns (nominative singular)
leun (nominative plural)


Normant

→ English: Norman

French: Normand, Nuormand (Norman dialect)


soloil

soloil oblique singular, m (oblique plural solouz or soloilz, nominative singular solouz or soloilz, nominative plural soloil)

soloil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
solouz (oblique plural)
soloilz (oblique plural)
solouz (nominative singular)
soloilz (nominative singular)
soloil (nominative plural)


consoil

consoil oblique singular, m (oblique plural consouz or consoilz, nominative singular consouz or consoilz, nominative plural consoil)

consoil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
consouz (oblique plural)
consoilz (oblique plural)
consouz (nominative singular)
consoilz (nominative singular)
consoil (nominative plural)


trecherie

trecherie oblique singular, f (oblique plural trecheries, nominative singular trecherie, nominative plural trecheries)

trecherie oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
trecheries (oblique plural)
trecherie (nominative singular)
trecheries (nominative plural)

French: tricherie

→ English: treachery


vergiers

inflection of vergier:
nominative singular


humage

humage oblique singular, m (oblique plural humages, nominative singular humages, nominative plural humage)

humage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
humages (oblique plural)
humages (nominative singular)
humage (nominative plural)