nu

Middle French: nu, nud

French: nu


i

French: y

Et grant compagnie i a d'omes


point

Middle French: poinct

French: point

→ Middle English: poynt

English: point


ci

French: ici, ci

Va t'en de ci ! Lai me aveir pes.

Go, leave this place! Let me have peace.


west

desctree

French: ouest
→ Catalan: oest
→ Galician: oeste
→ Italian: ovest
→ Portuguese: oeste
→ Spanish: oeste


non

Les uns barbez, les autres non

c. 1190, Chrétien de Troyes, Le Roman de Percival:


oil

From o + il, possibly from:
* Vulgar Latin *hoc ille, from Latin hoc + ille (“this [is what] he [said]”), akin to o je, o tu, o nos, o vos, all ‘this’ constructed with other personal pronouns;
* hoc illud (“this is it, lit. this that”).
In any case, an elliptical phrase of response, by semantic erosion/grammaticalization possibly calqued on Gaulish: compare Portuguese and Spanish isso and eso (“yes, yeah”, literally “this”), Celtic languages such as Old Irish tó (“yes”), Welsh do (“indeed”), from *tod (“this, that”).
Compare with Old French o, ou, oc, ec, euc, uoc, Old Occitan oc (Occitan òc), all from the simple Latin hoc.


come

Middle French: comme
French: comme

Norman: comme, coumme

comme (alternative)
conme (alternative)
con (alternative)
cum (alternative)

Ausi conme unicorne sui

12th or 13th century, Thibaut de Champagne, Ausi conme unicorne sui:


mal

Middle French: mal
French: mal
→ English: mal


bien

head

bien (comparative and superlative mielz or miex)

mielz (comparative superlative)
miex (comparative superlative)
ben (alternative)

"Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien.
Seneschaus, savez vos an rien?

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

Yes, I remember it well
 Seneschal, do you know anything about it?


u

Middle French: ou

French: où

Dez ke Richart le sout, un espie enveia
Saveir u Thiebaut ert, e combien gent il a.

As soon as Richard knew about it, he sent a spy
to know where Thibalt was, and how many people he had with him.


mare

From Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit”).


ore

French: or (archaic)

For earlier *aore, from Latin hāc hōrā (“(in) this hour”).


premier

premer (alternative)
primer (alternative)
primur (alternative)


ne

French: ne

not; used to form negative constructions


si

French: si

Norman: si

Si li a dit eneslepas

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:


mout

Mout avoit changiee sa vie


ou

Middle French: où

French: où

11th century, La Vie de Saint Alexis, BNF manuscript 19525

He gave to the poor wherever he could find them

Dona as povres ou qu'il les pout trouver


jus

Norman: jus

Picard: jus

Walloon: djus

Inherited from Late Latin iūsum~iōsum, from Classical Latin deorsum. Documented from ca. 1000.

juz (alternative)
jous (alternative)
juus (alternative)
jos (alternative)


haut

desctree

Middle French: hault, haut, ault
French: haut

Gallo: haut

Norman: ĥa (Cotentinais), haut (Guernesiais), haû (Jersiais)

Picard: haût, ôt (Athois)

Walloon: waut (Charleroi), ôt, wôt (Forrières), hôt (Liégeois)

→ Middle English: haut, hawt, haute

English: haut, haught, haute, hawt

From Latin altus (“high, tall”), with the /h/ taken from Frankish *hauh, *hōh (“high, tall, elevated”).

halt (alternative)
hault (alternative)
alt (alternative)
aut (alternative)


avant

From Late Latin ab ante (“before, in front of”), from Latin ab (“from”) + ante (“before”).


avaunt

(late Anglo-Norman) alternative form of avant


tot

Middle French: tout

French: tout

Walloon: tot

From Vulgar Latin tōttus, alteration of Latin tōtus.


pois

French: puis

From Vulgar Latin *postius, from Latin postea, from postus.


pois

alternative form of poi (“little, not much”)


tart

French: tard


item

Middle French: item

French: item


plus

French: plus

Norman: pus (Jersey)


fort

→ English: fort

Middle French: fort

French: fort


halt

Middle French: hault

French: haut

From a conflation of Frankish *hauh, *hōh (“high, tall, elevated”) and Latin altus (“high, raised, profound”).


trop

Middle French: trop
French: trop

Norman: trop

Picard: trôp, (Athois)

Walloon: trop (Forrières), trop (Liégeois)


maintenant

French: maintenant

From maintenir + -ant. Equivalent to main + tenant.


molt

French: moult

From Latin multum (adverb), neuter of multus.

mult (alternative)
mout (alternative)
multe (alternative)
mot (alternative)
mut (alternative)

A Abevile ot un bouchier,
Que si voison orent molt chier.

12th or 13th century, author unknown, Le Bouchier D'Abevile:

In Abbeville there was a butcher,
Held in high esteem by his neighbors.


combien

French: combien

cumbien (alternative)
cumben (alternative)


environ

Univerbation of en viron (“in circle”), the latter word ultimately from the verb virer (“to turn”).

envirun (alternative Anglo-Norman)
enveron (alternative)


contre

Middle French: contre

French: contre

cuntre (alternative)
countre (alternative)


demain

French: demain

From Late Latin dē māne (“early in the morning”).


hors

French: hors

Norman: hors

Puis errerent tant que il virent
gent qui hors del chastel issirent.

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval ou le conte du Graal:

They walked until they saw
People coming out of the castle.

(rare or Late Old French) from; out (of)


droit

Inherited from Late Latin drictus, syncopated form of Latin dīrēctus.

dreit (alternative)
droict (alternative)


ensemble

French: ensemble

→ Dutch: ensemble

→ English: ensemble

→ German: Ensemble

→ Norwegian: ensemble

→ Portuguese: ensemble

→ Spanish: ensemble

→ Swedish: ensemble

Norman: ensemblle (Guernsey), ensembl'ye (Jersey)

→ Galician: ensembra (archaic)

→ Sicilian: nzèmmula

ansamble (alternative)
ensamble (alternative)


guerre

guere (alternative)
gere (alternative)
gerre (alternative)
were (alternative)
wiere (alternative)
werre (alternative)


lors

Middle French: lors

French: lors

From Vulgar Latin illā hōrā, from Latin illā + hōrā + Old French -s (adverbial marker).

lhors (alternative)
lores (alternative)
leurs (alternative)
leus (alternative)
lur (alternative)
lor (alternative)
lore (alternative)
leure (alternative)


nen

From Latin nōn (“not”), with the -n surviving intervocalically.

Li reis Marsilie la tient, ki Deu nen aimet; / Mahumet sert e Apollin recleimet: / Nes poet guarder que mals ne l'i ateignet.

c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland, lines 7–9:

The king Marsile rules it [Zaragoza], [he] who doesn't love God; he worships Mohammed and prays to Apollin: he cannot escape from the evil that approaches him.

(before vowels) alternative form of ne (“not”)


ensi

Middle French: ainsi

French: ainsi

anssi (alternative)
ainsins (alternative)


quant

desctree

Middle French: quand, quant
French: quand


certes

French: certes


primes

Lors primes la reïne vit


ensamble

French: ensemble


autrement

Middle French: aultrement
French: autrement

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin alterā mente. Synchronically autre + -ment.

inh+

altrement (alternative)
aotrement (alternative)
atremant (alternative)
atrement (alternative)
aultrement (alternative)
authement (alternative)
autremant (alternative)
auterment (alternative)

Sire, ne puet estre autremant.


oan

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: ujan

Gallo: ouan

Middle French: ouan, enwan

Poitevin-Saintongeais: ouan

awan (alternative)
avuan (alternative)
auan (alternative)
awan (alternative)


tost

French: tôt

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: toste

Galician: toste

Portuguese: toste

Possibly from Latin tot (“very”) + cito (“fast”), but more likely from Vulgar Latin *tostum, from the neuter of Latin tostus (“toasted”), later meaning "hotly, promptly" in Vulgar Latin. Cognate to Italian tosto, Occitan and Catalan tost.


oltre

French: outre


tuit

nominative singular of tot (“all; completely”)


ancor

French: encore


luin

(Anglo-Norman) alternative form of loing


maint

From Frankish *menigda, *managda (“a large quantity, a great many”), from Proto-Germanic *managiþō (“large quantity, multitude”), from Proto-Indo-European *monegʰ- (“many”).
Alternatively from Gaulish *mantī, from Proto-Celtic *mantī (“quantity”) (compare Welsh maint, Old Irish méit), from Proto-Indo-European *mh₁-nt-, from *meh₁- (“to measure”).


certainement

certainly (with certainty, without doubt)


nort

Middle French: nord

desctree

French: nord
→ Asturian: norte
→ Catalan: nord
→ Galician: norte, norde
→ Italian: nord
→ Portuguese: norte
→ Romanian: nord
→ Romansch: nord
→ Spanish: norte

Norman: nord (Guernésiais)

Borrowed from Old English norþ (“north”).


adunk

French: adonc

E tens veniyt de les vendenger; Adunk Noé le fiit culier.

And the time came to harvest them; whereupon Noah cut them. (Holkham Bible)


trés

desctree

Middle French: trés, tres (older manuscripts), très (later manuscripts and books)
French: très
→ Esperanto: tre
→ Ido: tre


bientost

French: bientôt


tantost

French: tantôt

Later as he heard his voice.

Tantost cum il sa voiz oï (Tristan, Thomas of England, 12th century)

Tantost li chevaliers s'an part


durement

La dame ert durement bele


forment

fort + -ment, with the loss of the medial t.

fortement (alternative)
fortment (alternative)


aprés

Champenois: aiprès

Middle French: aprés, apres (some manuscripts), aprez
French: après (see there for further descendants)

desc

Norman: après (Jersey), oprès (Guernsey), aumprès, auprès

From Late Latin ad pressum, from Latin ad + pressum.

Aprés li venoient puceles
assez, autres, gentes et beles


tendrement

French: tendrement

Norman: tendrément (Jersey)


hastivement

French: hâtivement


ier

desctree

French: hier
Haitian Creole: yè
→ Esperanto: hieraŭ

Norman: hiaer, hièr (Jersey)


ja mes

Ne pas mire ne pas poisun
N'avras tu ja mes guarisun.

Neither by medecine nor by potion
Will you ever find a remedy.


comant

French: comment

cumant (alternative)
comment (alternative)
conment (alternative)


onques

French: oncques, onques, onc


unkes

mut s'esmerveillent li plusur
kar unkes tel semblant ne fist
vers nul hume kë il veïst.

c. 1200, Marie de France, Lai de Bisclavret:

Much they marvelled
For he had never done such a thing before
Towards no man that he had seen.


belement

French: bellement

A dous Franceis belement en avint.

10th century, Turold, La Chanson de Roland, page CCLIII https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Chanson_de_Roland/Raoul_Mortier:


dreit

From Late Latin drictus, from Latin dīrectus.

(Anglo-Norman) alternative form of droit


ansamble

French: ensemble


sovent

French: souvent

Italian: sovente


cuntre

(Anglo-Norman) alternative form of contre


dulcement

Middle French: doulcement
French: doucement

Mult dulcement li ad Rollant preiet

c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:


orgoillusement

French: orgueilleusement


curteisement

(Anglo-Norman) alternative form of cortoisement


cortoisement

French: courtoisement


merveillusement

merveilluse + -ment. Compare French merveilleusement


honestement

French: honnêtement

Middle French: honestement


briement

French: brièvement


deriere

derere (alternative)
darere (alternative)
derriere (alternative)


chertes

Le dame dist: « Or n'aiés soing
Que chertes, se il ne s'en fuit
Que la rage, si con je quit,
Li hosterons nous de la teste,
Toute doleur et la tempeste.

c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au lion:


volentiers

French: volontiers


leialment

French: loyalement


solement

Middle French: seullement
French: seulement

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin sōlā mente. Synchronically derivable from sole + -ment.

inh+

seoulement (alternative)
seulemant (alternative)
seulement (alternative)
seullement (alternative)
soilement (alternative)
solament (alternative)
solemant (alternative)
solenment (alternative)
sollement (alternative)
soulemans (alternative)
soulemant (alternative)
soulement (alternative)
sulement (alternative)
sulementes (alternative)
sulment (alternative)
sulente (alternative)


chertainement

French: certainement


folement

Parler folement


biau cop

desc

Middle French: beau cop, beaucop, beau coup, beaucoup, biaucaup, biaucop, biaucoup

desctree

French: beaucoup, boucoup (Louisiana)
Louisiana Creole: bokou, boukou
Mauritian Creole: boukou
→ English: beaucoup, boku, boocoo, bookoo, buku
→ Nigerian Pidgin: boku

From Latin bellus (“beautiful”) and Late Latin colpus (“hit, blow with the fist”).


conment

Conment hom devoit Dieu servir
Por saint Paradix deservir

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la vie de Sainte Elyzabel, fille au roi de Hongrie:

How man should serve got
In order to deserve Heaven


asez

Middle French: assez

French: assez

→ English: assets ⇒ asset

→ Middle English: asseth ⇒ assethen

Scots: assythe


por quoi

French: pourquoi


sor toz

French: surtout

First attested a. 1180 (Christian of Troyes, Cligès) from sor (“on, on top of”) + toz, masculine oblique plural of tot (“all, everything”).


gaire

desctree

Middle French: guiere, guere
French: guère

Of Germanic origin, borrowed from Frankish *waigaro, related to *waigr (“resistant”) (source of modern German unweigerlich (“unevitable”), Middle High German unweiger (“not very”)).

cog

gaires (alternative)
guaire (alternative)
guaires (alternative)
guere (alternative)
gueres (alternative)
waires (alternative)

(chiefly with "ne") hardly; almost not at all


lonc tans

French: longtemps

Norman: laongtemps (Guernsey), longtemps (Jersey)


rere

Constaunce […] lui vient rere au doos et le trebucha en la mere.

Constance […] came behind his back and knocked him into the sea


trestoz

Trestoz li pueples s'an mervoille

Straight away, the people marveled [at her]

nominative masculine singular of trestot


povrement

Vostre niece si povremant
Atornee de vestemant

poorly (in a poor way; in a way lacking financial resources)


defors

From Vulgar Latin dē forīs, from Latin dē + forīs (“outdoors”).


briefment

Briefment, tuit clerc, fors escoler,
Vuelent Avarisce acoler.


a fuls

The peasants died, by the thousands and in flocks.

Paiens sunt morz a millers e a fuls (The Song of Roland, circa 1150, line 1439)

(idiomatic) by the dozen; by the boatload (in large amounts)


envirun

Li reis Marsilie esteit en Sarraguce. / Alez en est en un verger suz l'umbre; / Sur un perrun de marbre bloi se culchet, / Envirun lui plus de vint milie humes.

c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland, lines 10–13:

The King Marsile was in Zaragoza. Arrived in a garden beneath the shade, he lays down on a large blonde [or blue] marble rock, around him more than twenty thousand man.


foiblement

French: faiblement


atant

French: autant

Vostre cors soit atant loial


ariere

From Vulgar Latin *ad retrō (literally “to the rear”), from Latin ad + retrō.

inh

aredre (alternative)
arreres (alternative)
arieres (alternative)
arriere (alternative)
arere (alternative)
errere (alternative)
errier (alternative)
arrier (alternative)
arire (alternative)

Torna arire


altrement

alternative form of autrement (“otherwise”)


ja mais

French: jamais (“ever, never”)

Norman: janmais

Walloon: djamåy

From ja + mais. Cf. Old Occitan ja mais.

ja més (alternative)
ja mes (alternative)
james (alternative)


lunc tens

(Anglo-Norman) alternative form of lonc tans


haltement

Dunc s'escrïent mult haltement

c. 1110,, Benedeit, Le Voyage de saint Brandan:


mielz

of bien (comparative)
mialz (alternative)
miels (alternative)

Middle French: mieulx

French: mieux


ausi

French: aussi


sitost

French: sitôt


isnelement

Isnelement des nés issirent


ceanz

French: céans (now obsolete)


a eise

→ English: at ease

French: à l'aise

at ease (relaxed; not tense or stressed)


loing

French: loin

From Latin longē (“far away”), from longus (“long, far”).

Chevaliers, fet ele, de loing


iluec

Norman: iloc

elec (alternative)
eleckes (alternative)
elekes (alternative)
eleuc (alternative)
elluc (alternative)
eloc (alternative)
eloec (alternative)
eloek (alternative)
eloques (alternative)
eluec (alternative)
elukes (alternative)
hiluk (alternative)
ieluec (alternative)
ilec (alternative)
ileches (alternative)
ilecqes (alternative)
ilecques (alternative)
ilek (alternative)
ileke (alternative)
ilekes (alternative)
ileks (alternative)
ileoc (alternative)
ileoches (alternative)
ileok (alternative)
ileoke (alternative)
ileokes (alternative)
ileoks (alternative)
ileoqe (alternative)
ileoqes (alternative)
ileoqs (alternative)
ileoques (alternative)
ileoskes (alternative)
ileosques (alternative)
ileqe (alternative)
ileqes (alternative)
ileqs (alternative)
ileque (alternative)
ileques (alternative)
ilesqes (alternative)
ilesques (alternative)
ileu (alternative)
ileuc (alternative)
ileuk (alternative)
ileuke (alternative)
ileukes (alternative)
ileuks (alternative)
ileuqe (alternative)
ileuqes (alternative)
ileuques (alternative)
ilex (alternative)
iley (alternative)
ilioqe (alternative)
illaoques (alternative)
illec (alternative)
illecqe (alternative)
illecqes (alternative)
illecques (alternative)
illecqz (alternative)
illecs (alternative)
illecus (alternative)
illeekes (alternative)
illek (alternative)
illekes (alternative)
illence (alternative)
illeocqes (alternative)
illeocques (alternative)
illeoke (alternative)
illeokes (alternative)
illeoq (alternative)
illeoqe (alternative)
illeoqes (alternative)
illeoqez (alternative)
illeoqs (alternative)
illeoque (alternative)
illeoques (alternative)
illeoquez (alternative)
illeosqe (alternative)
illeosqes (alternative)
illeosqs (alternative)
illeosque (alternative)
illeosques (alternative)
illeouqes (alternative)
illeouqs (alternative)
illeq (alternative)
illeqe (alternative)
illeqes (alternative)
illeqoes (alternative)
illeqs (alternative)
illeque (alternative)
illeques (alternative)
illequez (alternative)
illesqes (alternative)
illesques (alternative)
illeuc (alternative)
illeuce (alternative)
illeucques (alternative)
illeucus (alternative)
illeuke (alternative)
illeukes (alternative)
illeuqe (alternative)
illeuqes (alternative)
illeuqs (alternative)
illeuque (alternative)
illeuques (alternative)
illeuquez (alternative)
illeusqe (alternative)
illeusqes (alternative)
illeusqs (alternative)
illoc (alternative)
illock (alternative)
illocqes (alternative)
illocques (alternative)
illoec (alternative)
illoek (alternative)
illoeke (alternative)
illoekes (alternative)
illoeks (alternative)
illoeq (alternative)
illoeqe (alternative)
illoeqes (alternative)
illoeqez (alternative)
illoeqies (alternative)
illoeqs (alternative)
illoeque (alternative)
illoeques (alternative)
illoequs (alternative)
illoeqz (alternative)
illoesks (alternative)
illoesqes (alternative)
illoesques (alternative)
illoik (alternative)
illoiques (alternative)
illok (alternative)
illoke (alternative)
illokes (alternative)
illoks (alternative)
illonqes (alternative)
illonquez (alternative)
illoq (alternative)
illoqe (alternative)
illoqes (alternative)
illoqs (alternative)
illoque (alternative)
illoques (alternative)
illoqus (alternative)
illosqes (alternative)
illosques (alternative)
illouecqes (alternative)
illouke (alternative)
illoukes (alternative)
illouqes (alternative)
illouqes (alternative)
illouqs (alternative)
illouque (alternative)
illouques (alternative)
illouquez (alternative)
illouquez (alternative)
illousques (alternative)
illovecques (alternative)
illuc (alternative)
illucque (alternative)
illucques (alternative)
illucs (alternative)
illuec (alternative)
illuecqes (alternative)
illuecques (alternative)
illuekes (alternative)
illueq (alternative)
illueqes (alternative)
illueques (alternative)
illuesqes (alternative)
illuesqs (alternative)
illuesques (alternative)
illuk (alternative)
illuke (alternative)
illukes (alternative)
illukis (alternative)
illuks (alternative)
illuoqes (alternative)
illuoqs (alternative)
illuqe (alternative)
illuqes (alternative)
illuqes (alternative)
illuqs (alternative)
illuques (alternative)
illus (alternative)
illusques (alternative)
illux (alternative)
iloc (alternative)
iloces (alternative)
iloche (alternative)
iloches (alternative)
ilocq (alternative)
ilocqes (alternative)
ilocs (alternative)
iloec (alternative)
iloeces (alternative)
iloeches (alternative)
iloecques (alternative)
iloek (alternative)
iloeke (alternative)
iloeqe (alternative)
iloeqes (alternative)
iloeqs (alternative)
iloeque (alternative)
iloeques (alternative)
iloesqes (alternative)
ilok (alternative)
iloke (alternative)
ilokes (alternative)
ilokes (alternative)
ilokis (alternative)
ilokis (alternative)
iloks (alternative)
iloqe (alternative)
iloqes (alternative)
iloqs (alternative)
iloque (alternative)
iloques (alternative)
ilouc (alternative)
ilouke (alternative)
ilouqes (alternative)
iluc (alternative)
iluch (alternative)
ilucs (alternative)
ilueches (alternative)
ilueckes (alternative)
iluek (alternative)
iluekas (alternative)
ilueke (alternative)
iluekes (alternative)
ilueks (alternative)
ilueques (alternative)
iluesques (alternative)
iluk (alternative)
iluke (alternative)
ilukes (alternative)
iluks (alternative)
ilunqes (alternative)
iluoc (alternative)
iluoqes (alternative)
iluque (alternative)
iluques (alternative)
ilux (alternative)
ylec (alternative)
ylecques (alternative)
ylekes (alternative)
yleok (alternative)
yleokes (alternative)
yleoqe (alternative)
yleoqes (alternative)
yleoque (alternative)
yleqe (alternative)
yleque (alternative)
ylesques (alternative)
yleuk (alternative)
yllecques (alternative)
yllekes (alternative)
ylleoqes (alternative)
ylloeques (alternative)
ylloqs (alternative)
yloc (alternative)
yloec (alternative)
yloeques (alternative)
ylooques (alternative)
yloques (alternative)
yloucus (alternative)
yloukes (alternative)
ylueqes (alternative)
ylueques (alternative)


mialz

Middle French: mieulx

French: mieux

melz (alternative)
mius (alternative)
mielz (alternative)
miels (alternative)


lieement

liement (alternative)
liedement (alternative)


soudainnemant

→ English: suddenly

French: soudainement


dolereusemant

French: douloureusement

painfully (in a painful way; involving pain)


esciemment

French: sciemment


eneslepas

Ultimately from isnel + le + pas (“speedy the step”).


se Dex m'ait

Middle French: si m'aist Dieu

(idiomatic) with God on my side; if God wishes it


prochenement

French: prochainement


parfondement

French: profondément


veraiement

Middle French: vrayement

French: vraiment

Je vous di bien veraiement,
Il font maint mauvais serement

I tell you truly, they make many wicked oaths.


freschement

French: fraîchement


coment

desctree

French: comment
Louisiana Creole: konmen
Haitian Creole: kouman
→ German: Komment
* Norman: coument

Picard: kmint

Walloon: kimint, comint

Derivable from come (“how; as, like”) + -ment (adverbial suffix).


josque

Compare Old French (and Modern French) jusque.


a plenté

English: aplenty

A mengier orent a plenté


a paine

French: à peine

Walloon: a poenne


ultre

Tote la noit fit ses homs ultre Saine passer.

Throughout the night he made his men cross over the Saine


entrels

Li Duc parloient entrels


charnelment

French: charnellement


poiz

Middle French: puis

French: puis

From Vulgar Latin *postius, from Classical Latin post.


countre

(late Anglo-Norman) alternative spelling of cuntre


asseur

aseur (alternative)
asseür (alternative)


sengle

English: single

sangle (alternative)
seingle (alternative)
single (alternative)


estachier

estachier (infinitive)
avoir estachié (infinitive multiword-construction)
en estachant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
estachant (participle present)
estachié (participle past)
estache (present singular)
estaches (present singular)
estachons (plural present)
estachiez (plural present)
estachent (plural present)
estachoie (imperfect singular)
estacheie (imperfect singular)
estachoe (imperfect singular)
estachieve (imperfect singular)
estachoies (imperfect singular)
estacheies (imperfect singular)
estachoes (imperfect singular)
estachieves (imperfect singular)
estachoit (imperfect singular)
estacheit (imperfect singular)
estachot (imperfect singular)
estachiiens (imperfect plural)
estachiens (imperfect plural)
estachiiez (imperfect plural)
estachiez (imperfect plural)
estachoient (imperfect plural)
estacheient (imperfect plural)
estachoent (imperfect plural)
estachievent (imperfect plural)
estachai (preterite singular)
estachas (preterite singular)
estacha (preterite singular)
estachames (plural preterite)
estachastes (plural preterite)
estachierent (plural preterite)
estacherai (future singular)
estacheras (future singular)
estachera (future singular)
estacherons (future plural)
estacheroiz (future plural)
estachereiz (future plural)
estacherez (future plural)
estacheront (future plural)
estacheroie (conditional singular)
estachereie (conditional singular)
estacheroies (conditional singular)
estachereies (conditional singular)
estacheroit (conditional singular)
estachereit (conditional singular)
estacheriiens (conditional plural)
estacheriens (conditional plural)
estacheriiez (conditional plural)
estacheriez (conditional plural)
estacheroient (conditional plural)
estachereient (conditional plural)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future multiword-construction perfect)
estachasse (imperfect singular)
estachasses (imperfect singular)
estachast (imperfect singular)
estachissons (imperfect plural)
estachissiens (imperfect plural)
estachissoiz (imperfect plural)
estachissez (imperfect plural)
estachissiez (imperfect plural)
estachassent (imperfect plural)
estache (imperative singular)
estachons (imperative plural)
estachiez (imperative plural)


donkes

desctree

Middle French: doncques, donc
French: donc

From Vulgar Latin *dunquam (with adverbial /-s/), a crossing of Vulgar Latin dunc with Latin unquam.

donques (alternative)
donque (alternative)


dolcement

French: doucement


voirement

veirement (alternative)
voiremant (alternative)
voirrement (alternative)


del tot an tot

Literally "from the everything to everything".


parfitemant

French: parfaitement


regulerment

(Christianity) in a way conforming to Christian law


maintes foiz

French: maintes fois


granment

Middle French: granment, grandement
French: grandement

Norman: grandement


aillors

Middle French: ailleurs

French: ailleurs

Probably from Latin aliōrsum, or from a Vulgar Latin *aliore, from in *aliore loco. Or possibly connected to Latin aliubī, from alibī.


decy

Decy la seconde dubitacion se le lepre est maladie de tout le corps

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 183 of this essay:

From this, the second doubt over whether leprosy is a disease of all the body


diligement

French: diligemment


espiritalment

spiritually (with respect to the spirit)


uncore

French: encore

E se Deu le velt cunsentir,
Jeo puiz uncore revenir.

If God wishes to allow it
I can still come back again.


ainçois

Either from Vulgar Latin *ante ipsum (literally "before the very same") or simply an emphatic form of Old French ainz, derived from *antius, from ante + -ius. According to Antion Thomas in Romania (number 14, 1885), the latter explanation is more likely, as ainz and ainçois have essentially the same function and sense in Old French.


pieça

French: piéça

pieca (alternative)
piecha (alternative)


auques

From Latin aliquid (“somewhat, to some extent”)

inh

et qui auques recoillir vialt

c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval ou le conte du Graal:


trestuit

inflection of trestot:
nominative masculine singular

inflection of trestot:
oblique masculine plural


idunc

i- + dunc. Other i- forms include itant, itel, and so on.

thereafter (following a given time in the past)


dunc

Inherited from Vulgar Latin dunc. Compare donkes.


ensement

pur vos voil murir ensement

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 244, line 3263:


ainz

From Proto-Romance *antius, from ante + -ius. Compare Italian anzi and Catalan ans.

ains (alternative)
einz (alternative)
eins (alternative)


abaundoneement

(Anglo-Norman) alternative form of abandoneement


abandoneement

abaundoneement (alternative)
abondanneement (alternative)
abanduneement (alternative)


autressi

si come li sires qui vuet en petit leu amasser choses de grandisme vaillance […] por acroistre son pooir […] i met il les plus chieres choses et les plus precieux joiaus que il puet, selonc sa bone entencion, tout autressi est li cors de cest livre compilez de sapience

1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “Cist premiers livres parole de la naissance de toutes choses [This first book talks about the birth of all things]” (chapter 1), Livre I - Premiere partie, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 1:

Just like the lord, who wishes to accumulate very valuable things in a tiny place […] in order to increase his power, […] puts there—according to his good intention—the dearest things and the most precious jewels he can, so the whole body of this book is filled with knowledge

alternative form of altresi (“also, as well”)


auterment

1303, Treaty of Paris, §6

... if he cannot otherwise provide them ...

... s'il ne puet auterment accorder a eux ...