souvenir

souvenir (infinitive)
avoir souvenu (infinitive multiword-construction)
en souvenant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
souvenant (participle present)
souvenu (participle past)
souvieng (first-person indicative present singular)
souvien (first-person indicative present singular)
souviens (indicative present second-person singular)
souvient (indicative present singular third-person)
souvenons (first-person indicative plural present)
souvenez (indicative plural present second-person)
souvienent (indicative plural present third-person)
souvenoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
souveneie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
souvenoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
souveneies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
souvenoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
souveneit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
souveniiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
souveniens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
souveniiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
souveniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
souvenoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
souveneient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
souvin (first-person indicative preterite singular)
souvenis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
souvint (indicative preterite singular third-person)
souvenimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
souvenistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
souvindrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
souvinrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
souvendrai (first-person future indicative singular)
souvendras (future indicative second-person singular)
souvendra (future indicative singular third-person)
souvendrons (first-person future indicative plural)
souvendroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
souvendreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
souvendrez (future indicative plural second-person)
souvendront (future indicative plural third-person)
souvendroie (conditional first-person singular)
souvendreie (conditional first-person singular)
souvendroies (conditional second-person singular)
souvendreies (conditional second-person singular)
souvendroit (conditional singular third-person)
souvendreit (conditional singular third-person)
souvendriiens (conditional first-person plural)
souvendriens (conditional first-person plural)
souvendriiez (conditional plural second-person)
souvendriez (conditional plural second-person)
souvendroient (conditional plural third-person)
souvendreient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
souviegne (first-person present singular subjunctive)
souviegnes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
souviegne (present singular subjunctive third-person)
souviegniens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
souviegnons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
souviegniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
souviegnent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
souvenisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
souvenisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
souvenist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
souvenissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
souvenissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
souvenissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
souvenissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
souvenissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
souvenissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
souvien (imperative second-person singular)
souvenons (first-person imperative plural)
souvenez (imperative plural second-person)


si

French: si

Norman: si

Si li a dit eneslepas

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:


est

third-person singular present indicative of estre


je

Angevin: je

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: je

Bourguignon: i, je

Champenois: ju

Franc-Comtois: i

desctree

Middle French: ie, je, i', j' (elided)
French: je, j’
Norman: jeo, je

Gallo: je

Lorrain: i, idj, jge, dje, jé

Orléanais: je

Picard: ej, jou

Poitevin-Saintongeais: jhe

Walloon: dji

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

qant je vos voi de tel meniere


cant

fro-noun

cant oblique singular, m (oblique plural canz or cantz, nominative singular canz or cantz, nominative plural cant)

cant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
canz (oblique plural)
cantz (oblique plural)
canz (nominative singular)
cantz (nominative singular)
cant (nominative plural)


gast

gast oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaz or gatz, nominative singular gaz or gatz, nominative plural gast)

gast oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gaz (oblique plural)
gatz (oblique plural)
gaz (nominative singular)
gatz (nominative singular)
gast (nominative plural)

Based on Latin vastus (“uncultivated, unoccupied”)


gast

head

gast m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaste)

gaste (feminine nominative oblique singular)

English: waste (from the variant wast)


avis

fro-noun

avis oblique singular, m (oblique plural avis, nominative singular avis, nominative plural avis)

avis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
avis (oblique plural)
avis (nominative singular)
avis (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: advis
French: avis
→ Norwegian Bokmål: advis
→ Norwegian Bokmål: avis
→ Kven: aviisi

→ Italian: avviso

→ Middle English: avys, avis, avice, awise, advis, advice
English: avis, advice
Scots: adveece

From the phrase ce m'est a vis ("in my view"), where vis is from Latin visum (“vision, image”).


gab

fro-noun

gab oblique singular, m (oblique plural gas, nominative singular gas, nominative plural gab)

gab oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
gas (oblique plural)
gas (nominative singular)
gab (nominative plural)

Est ce a certes ou a gas?

c. 1177, Chrétien de Troyes, Le Chevalier de la Charrette, page 50 (of the Livres de Poche Lettres gothiques edition, →ISBN, line 96:


cot

cot oblique singular, f (oblique plural coz or cotz, nominative singular cot, nominative plural coz or cotz)

cot oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
coz (oblique plural)
cotz (oblique plural)
cot (nominative singular)
coz (nominative plural)
cotz (nominative plural)


net

head

net m (oblique and nominative feminine singular nete)

nete (feminine nominative oblique singular)
nez (masculine singular subjective)
nes (masculine singular subjective)
nete (feminine singular subjective)
net (neuter singular subjective)
net (masculine oblique singular)
nete (feminine oblique singular)
net (neuter oblique singular)
nete (oblique singular)
net (oblique singular)
net (masculine plural subjective)
netes (feminine plural subjective)
net (neuter plural subjective)
net (plural subjective)
nez (masculine oblique plural)
nes (masculine oblique plural)
netes (feminine oblique plural)
net (neuter oblique plural)
netes (oblique plural)
net (oblique plural)

Anglo-Norman: neit

→ Middle English: *nete

English: neat

Scots: neat

French: net (see there for further descendants)

→ Breton: néat

→ Middle Dutch: net

Dutch: net

→ Middle High German: nett (Lower Rhenish)

Alemannic German: nett

German: nett

→ Danish: net

→ Middle English: net, nette

English: net (obsolete)

→ Spanish: neto (if not from Catalan)

From Vulgar Latin *nittus, syncopated from Latin nitidus (“shining, polished”).


beau

beau m (oblique and nominative feminine singular bele)

bele (feminine nominative oblique singular)
beaus (masculine singular subjective)
bele (feminine singular subjective)
beau (neuter singular subjective)
beau (masculine oblique singular)
bele (feminine oblique singular)
beau (neuter oblique singular)
bele (oblique singular)
beau (oblique singular)
beau (masculine plural subjective)
beles (feminine plural subjective)
beau (neuter plural subjective)
beau (plural subjective)
beaus (masculine oblique plural)
beles (feminine oblique plural)
beau (neuter oblique plural)
beles (oblique plural)
beau (oblique plural)

beaus chevalers e bons esteit
e noblement se cunteneit.

c. 1190, Marie de France, Lai de Isclavret:

Hansome knight and good was he
 and he behaved nobly.


pale

pale m (oblique and nominative feminine singular pale)

pale (feminine nominative oblique singular)

English: pale

French: pâle

Norman: pale (Jersey)


timbre

fro-noun

timbre oblique singular, m (oblique plural timbres, nominative singular timbres, nominative plural timbre)

timbre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
timbres (oblique plural)
timbres (nominative singular)
timbre (nominative plural)


harpe

harpe oblique singular, f (oblique plural harpes, nominative singular harpe, nominative plural harpes)

harpe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
harpes (oblique plural)
harpe (nominative singular)
harpes (nominative plural)

Middle French: harpe

French: harpe

→ Romanian: harpă

Norman: harpe (Jersiais)

Picard: hârpe (Athois)

Walloon: ârpe (Forrières)

From Frankish *harpō, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ.


service

service oblique singular, m (oblique plural services, nominative singular services, nominative plural service)

service oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
services (oblique plural)
services (nominative singular)
service (nominative plural)


don

don oblique singular, m (oblique plural dons, nominative singular dons, nominative plural don)

don oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dons (oblique plural)
dons (nominative singular)
don (nominative plural)

French: don

→ Middle English: done


label

label oblique singular, m (oblique plural labeaus or labeax or labiaus or labiax or labels, nominative singular labeaus or labeax or labiaus or labiax or labels, nominative plural label)

label oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
labeaus (oblique plural)
labeax (oblique plural)
labiaus (oblique plural)
labiax (oblique plural)
labels (oblique plural)
labeaus (nominative singular)
labeax (nominative singular)
labiaus (nominative singular)
labiax (nominative singular)
labels (nominative singular)
label (nominative plural)

→ English: label

→ French: label

French: lambeau

Les armes son pere a label portoit

His weapons bore the insignia of his father


neu

neu oblique singular, m (oblique plural neus, nominative singular neus, nominative plural neu)

neu oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
neus (oblique plural)
neus (nominative singular)
neu (nominative plural)

French: nœud

Norman: noeud


pirate

pirate oblique singular, m (oblique plural pirates, nominative singular pirates, nominative plural pirate)

pirate oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pirates (oblique plural)
pirates (nominative singular)
pirate (nominative plural)

Middle French: pirate

French: pirate

→ Dutch: piraat

Norman: pirate

→ Middle English: pirate

English: pirate


passer

passer (infinitive)
avoir passé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en passant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
passant (participle present)
passé (participle past)
pas (first-person indicative present singular)
passes (indicative present second-person singular)
passe (indicative present singular third-person)
passons (first-person indicative plural present)
passez (indicative plural present second-person)
passent (indicative plural present third-person)
passoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
passeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
passoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
passeve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
passoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
passeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
passoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
passeves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
passoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
passeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
passot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
passeve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
passiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
passiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
passiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
passiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
passoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
passeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
passoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
passevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
passai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
passas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
passa (indicative preterite singular third-person)
passames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
passastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
passerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
passerai (first-person future indicative singular)
passeras (future indicative second-person singular)
passera (future indicative singular third-person)
passerons (first-person future indicative plural)
passeroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
passereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
passerez (future indicative plural second-person)
passeront (future indicative plural third-person)
passeroie (conditional first-person singular)
passereie (conditional first-person singular)
passeroies (conditional second-person singular)
passereies (conditional second-person singular)
passeroit (conditional singular third-person)
passereit (conditional singular third-person)
passeriiens (conditional first-person plural)
passeriens (conditional first-person plural)
passeriiez (conditional plural second-person)
passeriez (conditional plural second-person)
passeroient (conditional plural third-person)
passereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
pas (first-person present singular subjunctive)
pas (present second-person singular subjunctive)
past (present singular subjunctive third-person)
passons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
passez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
passent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
passasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
passasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
passast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
passissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
passissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
passissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
passissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
passissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
passassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
passe (imperative second-person singular)
passons (first-person imperative plural)
passez (imperative plural second-person)

desctree

Middle French: passer
French: passer
→ Alemannic German: passiere
→ German: passieren
Romanian: → pasa, → trece (semantic loan)

Norman: pâsser, pâssaïr

→ Middle Dutch: passen

Dutch: passen

→ Middle English: passen, pasen, pacen
English: pass, pace
Scots: pass
Yola: paaced (preterite)

→ Middle High German: passen

German: passen

From Vulgar Latin *passāre, derived from Latin passus (“step”, noun).


main

fro-noun

main oblique singular, f (oblique plural mainz, nominative singular main, nominative plural mainz)

main oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
mainz (oblique plural)
main (nominative singular)
mainz (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: moin

desctree

Middle French: main
French: main
→? English: main
→⇒ German: Lamäng
Haitian Creole: men
Louisiana Creole: men
⇒ Mauritian Creole: lame

Gallo: maen

Norman: main

Walloon: mwin


front

fro-noun

front oblique singular, m (oblique plural fronz or frontz, nominative singular fronz or frontz, nominative plural front)

front oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
fronz (oblique plural)
frontz (oblique plural)
fronz (nominative singular)
frontz (nominative singular)
front (nominative plural)

French: front m (see there for further descendants)

Norman: front m

→ Dutch: front

desctree

→ Middle English: frount, ffront, ffrount, front, fronte, frounte, frountte, frownt, frownte, frunt, frunte
English: front (see there for further descendants)
Scots: front


felon

fro-noun

felon oblique singular, m (oblique plural felons, nominative singular fel, nominative plural felon)

felon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
felons (oblique plural)
fel (nominative singular)
felon (nominative plural)

From Early Medieval Latin fellōnem. The subject case is fel, from the nominative fellō.


felon

head

felon m (oblique and nominative feminine singular felone)

felone (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: felon

French: félon

Norman: fflon

Picard: fèlôn

→ Middle English: felun, feloun

Scots: felloun

English: felon

→ Scots: felon, fellin

→ Galician: felón

→ Spanish: felón

car il voloit le felon tirant

13th century, Unknown, La Vie de Saint Laurent, page 5, column 1, line 7:

"Fui!" fet Erec, "nains enuiieus!
Trop es fel et contraliieus.["]

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

"Flee" said Erec "pesky dwarf!
You are too vile and maddening"


arme

fro-noun

arme oblique singular, f (oblique plural armes, nominative singular arme, nominative plural armes)

arme oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
armes (oblique plural)
arme (nominative singular)
armes (nominative plural)

Middle French: arme
French: arme

Norman: arme

→ Breton: arm

→ Middle English: armes (via the plural)

English: arms

⇒ English: arm (back-formation)

→ Middle Irish: armas

Irish: armas


eles

French: elles

From Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.

they (third-person plural feminine subject pronoun)

E nule nef ne put encontre eles durer

And no boat can withstand being between them

they (third-person plural feminine stressed object pronoun)


lion

lion oblique singular, m (oblique plural lions, nominative singular lions, nominative plural lion)

lion oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lions (oblique plural)
lions (nominative singular)
lion (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: lyon
French: lion
Haitian Creole: lyon
Mauritian Creole: lyon
Seychellois Creole: lyon

Norman: lioun, lion, lliaon, lyõ

Picard: lion

→ Breton: leon

→ Middle English: lyoun, lion, leon, lioun, lyon, liun, lyoone, leun, lyoon, lyown, lyun, leoun, lyone
English: lion (see there for further descendants)
Scots: lion
Yola: leeoon, leioon

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin leō, leōnem, derived from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn).


leveret

fro-noun

leveret oblique singular, m (oblique plural leverez or leveretz, nominative singular leverez or leveretz, nominative plural leveret)

leveret oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
leverez (oblique plural)
leveretz (oblique plural)
leverez (nominative singular)
leveretz (nominative singular)
leveret (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: leveret
English: leveret

From lievre (“hare”) + -et (diminutive ending). Attested ca. mid–13th c.


nonante

French: nonante

Walloon: nonante


corporal

head

corporal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular corporale)

corporale (feminine nominative oblique singular)


ymne

fro-noun

ymne oblique singular, m or f (oblique plural ymnes, nominative singular ymnes, nominative plural ymne)

ymne oblique singular or (canonical feminine masculine)
ymnes (oblique plural)
ymnes (nominative singular)
ymne (nominative plural)

Middle French: hymne, hynne

French: hymne m or f
→ Romanian: imn n

From Latin hymnus, from Ancient Greek ὕμνος (húmnos), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂em- (“sing”).


idiot

head

idiot m (oblique and nominative feminine singular idiote)

idiote (feminine nominative oblique singular)

→ English: idiot

French: idiot

Borrowed from Latin idiōta, from Ancient Greek ἰδιώτης (idiṓtēs, “layman”) from ἴδιος (ídios, “private”).


poke

fro-noun

poke oblique singular, f (oblique plural pokes, nominative singular poke, nominative plural pokes)

poke oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pokes (oblique plural)
poke (nominative singular)
pokes (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: poc, poke, pooke

English: poke (regional)

Scots: pok, poke, polk, poik

E puis les poudrez bien de sel e les mettez ensemble en une poke de bon kanevaz


dormir

dormir (infinitive)
avoir dormi (infinitive multiword-construction)
en dormant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
dormant (participle present)
dormi (participle past)
dorm (first-person indicative present singular)
dors (indicative present second-person singular)
dort (indicative present singular third-person)
dormons (first-person indicative plural present)
dormez (indicative plural present second-person)
dorment (indicative plural present third-person)
dormoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dormeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dormoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dormeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dormoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dormeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dormiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dormiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dormiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dormiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dormoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dormeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dormi (first-person indicative preterite singular)
dormis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
dormi (indicative preterite singular third-person)
dormimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
dormistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
dormirent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
dormirai (first-person future indicative singular)
dormiras (future indicative second-person singular)
dormira (future indicative singular third-person)
dormirons (first-person future indicative plural)
dormiroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
dormireiz (future indicative plural second-person)
dormirez (future indicative plural second-person)
dormiront (future indicative plural third-person)
dormiroie (conditional first-person singular)
dormireie (conditional first-person singular)
dormiroies (conditional second-person singular)
dormireies (conditional second-person singular)
dormiroit (conditional singular third-person)
dormireit (conditional singular third-person)
dormiriiens (conditional first-person plural)
dormiriens (conditional first-person plural)
dormiriiez (conditional plural second-person)
dormiriez (conditional plural second-person)
dormiroient (conditional plural third-person)
dormireient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
dorme (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dormes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
dorme (present singular subjunctive third-person)
dormons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dormez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dorment (plural present subjunctive third-person)
dormisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dormisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dormist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dormissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dormissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dormissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dormissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dormissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dormissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dorm (imperative second-person singular)
dormons (first-person imperative plural)
dormez (imperative plural second-person)

Middle French: dormir
French: dormir

Norman: dormi

Walloon: doirmi

From Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō.


vos

Middle French: vous

French: vous

Walloon: vos

Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre

That you may be able to get rid of this blame

you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)

your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)

yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)

qant je vos voi de tel meniere

you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)


mout

Mout avoit changiee sa vie


just

third-person singular past historic of gesir


ton

French: ton

your (second-person singular possessive)


maior

head

maior (oblique singular, nominative singular maire)


bout

fro-noun

bout oblique singular, m (oblique plural bouz or boutz, nominative singular bouz or boutz, nominative plural bout)

bout oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bouz (oblique plural)
boutz (oblique plural)
bouz (nominative singular)
boutz (nominative singular)
bout (nominative plural)


canon

canon oblique singular, m (oblique plural canons, nominative singular canons, nominative plural canon)

canon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
canons (oblique plural)
canons (nominative singular)
canon (nominative plural)

canne + -on, corresponding to Italian cannone.


flour

flour oblique singular, f (oblique plural flours, nominative singular flour, nominative plural flours)

flour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
flours (oblique plural)
flour (nominative singular)
flours (nominative plural)

non pasque les flours touchent a la chair nue car ce seroit doubte que les porres ne se clousissent et de fievre putride.

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 136 of this essay:

but not that the flowers should touch the naked flesh because this may cause the pores to shut with a putrid fever.


partir

partir (infinitive)
estre parti (infinitive multiword-construction)
en partant (gerund)
partissant (gerund)
gerund of estre + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
partant (participle present)
partissant (participle present)
parti (participle past)
part (first-person indicative present singular)
partis (first-person indicative present singular)
parz (indicative present second-person singular)
partis (indicative present second-person singular)
part (indicative present singular third-person)
partist (indicative present singular third-person)
partons (first-person indicative plural present)
partissons (first-person indicative plural present)
partez (indicative plural present second-person)
partissez (indicative plural present second-person)
partent (indicative plural present third-person)
partissent (indicative plural present third-person)
partoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parteie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
partissoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
partisseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
partoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parteies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
partissoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
partisseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
partoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parteit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
partissoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
partisseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
partiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
partiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
partissiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
partissiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
partiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
partiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
partissiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
partissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
partoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parteient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
partissoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
partisseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parti (first-person indicative preterite singular)
partis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
parti (indicative preterite singular third-person)
partimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
partistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
partirent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
partirai (first-person future indicative singular)
partiras (future indicative second-person singular)
partira (future indicative singular third-person)
partirons (first-person future indicative plural)
partiroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
partireiz (future indicative plural second-person)
partirez (future indicative plural second-person)
partiront (future indicative plural third-person)
partiroie (conditional first-person singular)
partireie (conditional first-person singular)
partiroies (conditional second-person singular)
partireies (conditional second-person singular)
partiroit (conditional singular third-person)
partireit (conditional singular third-person)
partiriiens (conditional first-person plural)
partiriens (conditional first-person plural)
partiriiez (conditional plural second-person)
partiriez (conditional plural second-person)
partiroient (conditional plural third-person)
partireient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of estre + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
parte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
partisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
partes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
partisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
parte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
partisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
partons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
partissons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
partez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
partissez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
partent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
partissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
partisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
partisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
partist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
partissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
partissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
partissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
partissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
partissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
partissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
part (imperative second-person singular)
partis (imperative second-person singular)
partons (first-person imperative plural)
partissons (first-person imperative plural)
partez (imperative plural second-person)
partissez (imperative plural second-person)

Middle French: partir

French: partir

Norman: parti (Jersey)

From Latin partīre, present active infinitive of partiō (“I distribute, divide”).

S’il ne vos doit peser,
Sire, de ci me partirai.
En ma chanbre couchier m’irai

If it doesn't bother you
Sire, I will go from here
To my chamber to go to bed

La nostre amur, nostre desir
ne pot unques nuls hom partir

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan:

Our love, our desire
no man can split it up


nel

Mes dites moi, nel me celez


sauce

sauce oblique singular, m or f (oblique plural sauces, nominative singular sauces, nominative plural sauce)

sauce oblique singular or (canonical feminine masculine)
sauces (oblique plural)
sauces (nominative singular)
sauce (nominative plural)


sauce

sauce oblique singular, f (oblique plural sauces, nominative singular sauce, nominative plural sauces)

sauce oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
sauces (oblique plural)
sauce (nominative singular)
sauces (nominative plural)


passion

passion oblique singular, f (oblique plural passions, nominative singular passion, nominative plural passions)

passion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
passions (oblique plural)
passion (nominative singular)
passions (nominative plural)

Middle French: passion

French: passion

desctree

→ Middle English: passioun, pascioun, passion, passione, passioune, passiun, passyon, passyoun, passyun
English: passion, Passion
Scots: passion, patient

(specifically, Christianity) the ordeal endured by Jesus in order to absolve humanity of sin


barbe

fro-noun

barbe oblique singular, f (oblique plural barbes, nominative singular barbe, nominative plural barbes)

barbe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
barbes (oblique plural)
barbe (nominative singular)
barbes (nominative plural)

Middle French: barbe
French: barbe

Jersey Norman: barbe

Walloon: båbe

From Latin barba, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂.


chest

head

chest m (oblique and nominative feminine singular cheste)

cheste (feminine nominative oblique singular)


portal

fro-noun

portal oblique singular, m (oblique plural portaus or portax or portals, nominative singular portaus or portax or portals, nominative plural portal)

portal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
portaus (oblique plural)
portax (oblique plural)
portals (oblique plural)
portaus (nominative singular)
portax (nominative singular)
portals (nominative singular)
portal (nominative plural)

gate (doorlike structure usually outside of a building or property)


chief

chief oblique singular, m (oblique plural chiés, nominative singular chiés, nominative plural chief)

chief oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chiés (oblique plural)
chiés (nominative singular)
chief (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: chief
French: chef (see there for further descendants)

Norman: chef

→ Middle English: chef
English: chief (see there for further descendants)
Scots: chief

→ Old Spanish: xefe

Spanish: jefe
→ English: jefe
→ Bikol Central: hepe
→ Cebuano: hepe
→ Tagalog: hepe

→ Asturian: xefe

→ Galician: xefe

→ Portuguese: chefe

First known attestation 881 in The Sequence of Saint Eulalia. From Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput.

cap

Occitanism found in La Vie de Saint Léger, circa 980

Le chief li desarme et la face.


blanche

nominative/oblique feminine singular of blanc


final

head

final m (oblique and nominative feminine singular finale)

finale (feminine nominative oblique singular)
finaus (masculine singular subjective)
finale (feminine singular subjective)
final (neuter singular subjective)
final (masculine oblique singular)
finale (feminine oblique singular)
final (neuter oblique singular)
finale (oblique singular)
final (oblique singular)
final (masculine plural subjective)
finales (feminine plural subjective)
final (neuter plural subjective)
final (plural subjective)
finaus (masculine oblique plural)
finales (feminine oblique plural)
final (neuter oblique plural)
finales (oblique plural)
final (oblique plural)

English: final

French: final


dragon

fro-noun

dragon oblique singular, m (oblique plural dragons, nominative singular dragons, nominative plural dragon)

dragon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dragons (oblique plural)
dragons (nominative singular)
dragon (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: dracon
French: dragon (see there for further descendants)

Norman: dragon

→ Middle English: dragoun, dragon, dragoune, dragun
English: dragon (see there for further descendants)
Scots: draigon

→ Old Irish: dragán

Irish: dragan

Manx: dragan

Semi-learned term from Latin dracō, dracōnem, from Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn).


lire

lire (infinitive)
avoir leü (infinitive multiword-construction)
lit (infinitive multiword-construction)
en lisant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
lisant (participle present)
leü (participle past)
lit (participle past)
li (first-person indicative present singular)
lis (indicative present second-person singular)
list (indicative present singular third-person)
lisons (first-person indicative plural present)
lisiez (indicative plural present second-person)
lisent (indicative plural present third-person)
lisoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
liseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lisoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
liseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lisoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
liseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lisiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lisiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lisiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lisoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
liseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lui (first-person indicative preterite singular)
lis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
leüs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
lesis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
lut (indicative preterite singular third-person)
list (indicative preterite singular third-person)
leümes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
lesimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
leüstes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
lesistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
lurent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
listrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
lirai (first-person future indicative singular)
liras (future indicative second-person singular)
lira (future indicative singular third-person)
lirons (first-person future indicative plural)
liroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
lireiz (future indicative plural second-person)
lirez (future indicative plural second-person)
liront (future indicative plural third-person)
liroie (conditional first-person singular)
lireie (conditional first-person singular)
liroies (conditional second-person singular)
lireies (conditional second-person singular)
liroit (conditional singular third-person)
lireit (conditional singular third-person)
liriiens (conditional first-person plural)
liriens (conditional first-person plural)
liriiez (conditional plural second-person)
liriez (conditional plural second-person)
liroient (conditional plural third-person)
lireient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
lise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
lises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
lise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
lisiens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
lisons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
lisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
lisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
leüsse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
lesisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
leüsses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lesisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
leüst (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lesist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
leüssons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
leüssiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lesissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lesissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
leüssoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
leüssez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
leüssiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lesissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lesissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lesissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
leüssent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lesissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lis (imperative second-person singular)
lisons (first-person imperative plural)
lisiez (imperative plural second-person)

French: lire

From Latin legere, present active infinitive of legō.


matinee

fro-noun

matinee oblique singular, f (oblique plural matinees, nominative singular matinee, nominative plural matinees)

matinee oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
matinees (oblique plural)
matinee (nominative singular)
matinees (nominative plural)

Middle French: matinee

French: matinée

Norman: matinaïe (Guernsey)


bon

head

bon m (oblique and nominative feminine singular bone, comparative meillor, superlative meillor)

bone (feminine nominative oblique singular)
meillor (comparative)
meillor (superlative)
bons (masculine singular subjective)
bone (feminine singular subjective)
bon (neuter singular subjective)
bon (masculine oblique singular)
bone (feminine oblique singular)
bon (neuter oblique singular)
bone (oblique singular)
bon (oblique singular)
bon (masculine plural subjective)
bones (feminine plural subjective)
bon (neuter plural subjective)
bon (plural subjective)
bons (masculine oblique plural)
bones (feminine oblique plural)
bon (neuter oblique plural)
bones (oblique plural)
bon (oblique plural)

Middle French: bon

French: bon

Picard: boin

Walloon: bon

desctree

→ Middle English: boon, bone
English: boon
Scots: boon

From Latin bonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos.


nos

Middle French: nous

French: nous

we (first-person plural subject pronoun)

our (masculine and feminine plural possessive pronoun)

to us (first-person plural indirect object pronoun)

ourselves (first-person plural reflexive pronoun)


desert

fro-noun

desert oblique singular, m (oblique plural deserz or desertz, nominative singular deserz or desertz, nominative plural desert)

desert oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
deserz (oblique plural)
desertz (oblique plural)
deserz (nominative singular)
desertz (nominative singular)
desert (nominative plural)

Middle French: desert

French: désert


guile

guile oblique singular, f (oblique plural guiles, nominative singular guile, nominative plural guiles)

guile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
guiles (oblique plural)
guile (nominative singular)
guiles (nominative plural)

English: guile

From Frankish *wigila, from Proto-Germanic *wīlą, from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”).

der

si se çoile par itel guile

Moult saveiz bien servir de guile.

c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence li miracles que nostre Dame fist dou soucretain et d'une dame:


né

head

né (oblique and nominative feminine singular nee)

nee (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: né


admiral

fro-noun

admiral oblique singular, m (oblique plural admiraus or admirax or admirals, nominative singular admiraus or admirax or admirals, nominative plural admiral)

admiral oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
admiraus (oblique plural)
admirax (oblique plural)
admirals (oblique plural)
admiraus (nominative singular)
admirax (nominative singular)
admirals (nominative singular)
admiral (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: admiral
English: admiral
→ Cebuano: admiral
→ German: Admiral
→ Czech: admirál
Hungarian: admirális
→ Polish: admirał
→ Slovene: admirȃl
→ Ukrainian: адміра́л (admirál)
Swahili: admirali
→ Tagalog: ádmirál

Middle English: admirad

→ Norwegian Bokmål: admiral
Northern Sami: admirála

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: admiral

→ Russian: адмирал (admiral)
→ Bulgarian: адмира́л (admirál)
→ Kazakh:
Arabic script: ادميرال
Cyrillic script: адмирал (admiral)
→ Mongolian:
Mongolian script: ᠠᠳᠮᠢᠷᠠᠯ (admiral)
Cyrillic script: адмирал (admiral)

From Medieval Latin admiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”) under influence from admīrārī (“to admire, to respect”).
Etymology tree
Medieval Latin admiralisder.
Old French admiral

etymon

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of amiral


tor

fro-noun

tor oblique singular, f (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tor, nominative plural tors)

tor oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tors (oblique plural)
tor (nominative singular)
tors (nominative plural)

Middle French: tour

desctree

French: tour
→ Breton: tour
→ Russian: тура́ (turá)
→ Ukrainian: тура́ (turá)

Walloon: tour

→ Middle Low German: tōrn, tōren

German Low German: Toorn, Toren

→ Estonian: torn

→ Latvian: tornis

→ Old Norse: turn

Danish: tårn

Faroese: torn

Icelandic: turn

Norwegian: tårn
→ Northern Sami: toardna

Old Swedish: torn

Swedish: torn

→ Finnish: torni

→ Old Dutch: turn

Middle Dutch: torre

Dutch: toren (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: toeare

West Flemish: torre

→ Old English: torr, tūr, tor
Middle English: tour, thour, tor, tore, toure, towere, towour, tur
English: tower (see there for further descendants)
Scots: tour, towr
Yola: toweare

→ Old Frisian: torn

West Frisian: toer

→ Old High German: torn

Middle High German: turn, turm

Alemannic German: Durm, Tuure

Bavarian: Tuam

Luxembourgish: Tur

German: Turm (see there for further descendants)

Yiddish: טורעם (turem)

→ Polish: turma

→ Irish: túr

→ Scottish Gaelic: tùr

From Latin turrim, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis).


tor

fro-noun

tor oblique singular, m (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tors, nominative plural tor)

tor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tors (oblique plural)
tors (nominative singular)
tor (nominative plural)


gris

head

gris m (oblique and nominative feminine singular grise)

grise (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Borrowed from Frankish *grīs, from Proto-Germanic *grīsaz (“grey”).


od

Norman: d'ot


table

fro-noun

table oblique singular, f (oblique plural tables, nominative singular table, nominative plural tables)

table oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tables (oblique plural)
table (nominative singular)
tables (nominative plural)

desctree

French: table
Louisiana Creole: latab
→ Bulgarian: табла (tabla)
→ Macedonian: табла (tabla)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: табла
Latin script: tabla

Walloon: tåve

→ Irish: tábla

→ Middle English: table, tabel, tabil, tabul, tabyl, tabyle, tabyll, tabulle, tabele, tabill
English: table (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: tyeble
Scots: table
→ Welsh: tabl


haste

fro-noun

haste oblique singular, f (oblique plural hastes, nominative singular haste, nominative plural hastes)

haste oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
hastes (oblique plural)
haste (nominative singular)
hastes (nominative plural)

Middle French: haste

French: hâte

Walloon: hausse (Forrières), håsse (Liégeois)

desc

→ Middle Dutch: haest, haeste, haste, hast (reborrowing)

Dutch: haast

Afrikaans: haas

→ West Flemish: hoast

→ Middle Low German: hāst

→ Danish: hast

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hast

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hast

→ German: Hast

→ Swedish: hast

→ Middle English: haste, hast

English: haste

Borrowed from Frankish *hai(f)st (“violence, haste”), from Proto-Germanic *haifstiz (“conflict, struggle”).


amiable

head

amiable m (oblique and nominative feminine singular amiable)

amiable (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: amyable

French: amiable

desctree

Middle English: amyable, amiable
English: amiable

From Late Latin amīcābilis (“friendly”), from Latin amīcus (“friend”), from amō (“I love”).


croc

fro-noun

croc oblique singular, m (oblique plural cros, nominative singular cros, nominative plural croc)

croc oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cros (oblique plural)
cros (nominative singular)
croc (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Frankish *krōk (“hook”) or alternatively borrowed from Old Norse krókr (“hook, bend, bight”), both from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“tracery, basket, twist”).


dom

French: dont


duit

fro-noun

duit oblique singular, m (oblique plural duiz or duitz, nominative singular duiz or duitz, nominative plural duit)

duit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
duiz (oblique plural)
duitz (oblique plural)
duiz (nominative singular)
duitz (nominative singular)
duit (nominative plural)

Un duit unt cler e pessuns denz,
E cil em prenent plus que cenz. (Voyage of St Brendan, ll. 799-800)


lung

head

lung m (oblique and nominative feminine singular lunge)

lunge (feminine nominative oblique singular)
lungs (masculine singular subjective)
lunge (feminine singular subjective)
lung (neuter singular subjective)
lung (masculine oblique singular)
lunge (feminine oblique singular)
lung (neuter oblique singular)
lunge (oblique singular)
lung (oblique singular)
lung (masculine plural subjective)
lunges (feminine plural subjective)
lung (neuter plural subjective)
lung (plural subjective)
lungs (masculine oblique plural)
lunges (feminine oblique plural)
lung (neuter oblique plural)
lunges (oblique plural)
lung (oblique plural)


treble

treble m (oblique and nominative feminine singular treble)

treble (feminine nominative oblique singular)

→ Middle English: treble

English: treble

L'utilité […] est treble

1314, H. de Mondeville, Chirurgie, page 24, 3rd column, lines 9-12:


redemption

fro-noun

redemption oblique singular, f (oblique plural redemptions, nominative singular redemption, nominative plural redemptions)

redemption oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
redemptions (oblique plural)
redemption (nominative singular)
redemptions (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: redempcioun, redemcioun, redempcion, redempcyoun, redempcyoune, redemption, redemptyon
English: redemption
Scots: redemption

French: rédemption

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin redemptio. Doublet of raençon.


carte

fro-noun

carte oblique singular, f (oblique plural cartes, nominative singular carte, nominative plural cartes)

carte oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cartes (oblique plural)
carte (nominative singular)
cartes (nominative plural)


top

top oblique singular, m (oblique plural tos, nominative singular tos, nominative plural top)

top oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tos (oblique plural)
tos (nominative singular)
top (nominative plural)

→ Galician: tope

→ Spanish: tope

→ Portuguese: topo

desctree

⇒ Old French: toupet
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: topete
Galician: topete
Portuguese: topete

Middle French: toupet, topet
French: toupet (see there for further descendants)

Norman: toupet, tupé

→ Middle English: topet

⇒? Old French: topoie, toupie, tourpe, tourpie
Middle French: toupie
French: toupie


-ie

Middle French: -ie

French: -ie

Middle High German: -ie

Middle English: -ie

English: -y, -ie

indicates a feminine noun, often an abstract one


nun

fro-noun

nun oblique singular, m (oblique plural nuns, nominative singular nuns, nominative plural nun)

nun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nuns (oblique plural)
nuns (nominative singular)
nun (nominative plural)


nun

head

nun m (oblique and nominative feminine singular nune)

nune (feminine nominative oblique singular)


soul

soul m (oblique and nominative feminine singular soule)

soule (feminine nominative oblique singular)
souls (masculine singular subjective)
soule (feminine singular subjective)
soul (neuter singular subjective)
soul (masculine oblique singular)
soule (feminine oblique singular)
soul (neuter oblique singular)
soule (oblique singular)
soul (oblique singular)
soul (masculine plural subjective)
soules (feminine plural subjective)
soul (neuter plural subjective)
soul (plural subjective)
souls (masculine oblique plural)
soules (feminine oblique plural)
soul (neuter oblique plural)
soules (oblique plural)
soul (oblique plural)


trace

fro-noun

trace oblique singular, f (oblique plural traces, nominative singular trace, nominative plural traces)

trace oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
traces (oblique plural)
trace (nominative singular)
traces (nominative plural)

→ Middle English: trace

English: trace

French: trace

trace (markings showing where one has been)


antic

head

antic m (oblique and nominative feminine singular antique)

antique (feminine nominative oblique singular)

English: antique (borrowing)

French: antique

Borrowed from Latin antīquus. Compare the inherited antive (from the Latin feminine antīqua, which influenced the masculine equivalent form antif; compare also the evolution of Spanish antiguo).


nerf

fro-noun

nerf oblique singular, m (oblique plural ners, nominative singular ners, nominative plural nerf)

nerf oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ners (oblique plural)
ners (nominative singular)
nerf (nominative plural)

Middle French: nerf

French: nerf

Donc lepre est maladie de chair et non pas du cueur, ne des os, de des nerfs etc.

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 185 of this essay:

Therefore leprosy is a disease of the flesh and not of the heart, nor of the bones, nor of the nerves, etc.


discussion

discussion oblique singular, f (oblique plural discussions, nominative singular discussion, nominative plural discussions)

discussion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
discussions (oblique plural)
discussion (nominative singular)
discussions (nominative plural)

From Late Latin discussiō, from Latin discutiō.


description

description oblique singular, f (oblique plural descriptions, nominative singular description, nominative plural descriptions)

description oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
descriptions (oblique plural)
description (nominative singular)
descriptions (nominative plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin dēscriptiō.


guide

French: guide

→ Danish: guide

→ Romanian: ghid

→ Russian: гид (gid)

Norman: dgide (Jersey)

→ Middle English: giden, gide

Scots: guide

English: guide

→ Korean: 가이드 (gaideu)

→ Japanese: ガイド (gaido)

→ Norwegian: guide

→ Swedish: guide


barat

barat oblique singular, m (oblique plural baraz or baratz, nominative singular baraz or baratz, nominative plural barat)

barat oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
baraz (oblique plural)
baratz (oblique plural)
baraz (nominative singular)
baratz (nominative singular)
barat (nominative plural)

French: barat (now archaic)

The Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch links barat to Ancient Greek πράσσω (prássō, “to do, practice”).


sturgeon

fro-noun

sturgeon oblique singular, m (oblique plural sturgeons, nominative singular sturgeons, nominative plural sturgeon)

sturgeon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sturgeons (oblique plural)
sturgeons (nominative singular)
sturgeon (nominative plural)


hostel

hostel oblique singular, m (oblique plural hosteaus or hosteax or hostiaus or hostiax or hostels, nominative singular hosteaus or hosteax or hostiaus or hostiax or hostels, nominative plural hostel)

hostel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
hosteaus (oblique plural)
hosteax (oblique plural)
hostiaus (oblique plural)
hostiax (oblique plural)
hostels (oblique plural)
hosteaus (nominative singular)
hosteax (nominative singular)
hostiaus (nominative singular)
hostiax (nominative singular)
hostels (nominative singular)
hostel (nominative plural)


fluent

head

fluent m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fluent or fluente)

fluent (feminine nominative oblique singular)
fluente (feminine nominative oblique singular)


deluge

fro-noun

deluge oblique singular, m (oblique plural deluges, nominative singular deluges, nominative plural deluge)

deluge oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
deluges (oblique plural)
deluges (nominative singular)
deluge (nominative plural)

French: déluge

→ Middle English: deluge

English: deluge

Very early borrowing of Latin dīluvium, explaining the palatalization of -V-, and the unexpected vowel outcomes.


execution

execution oblique singular, f (oblique plural executions, nominative singular execution, nominative plural executions)

execution oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
executions (oblique plural)
execution (nominative singular)
executions (nominative plural)

→ English: execution

French exécution

From Latin execūtiō, an agent noun from exsequor (“follow out”), itself from ex + sequor (“follow”).

execution (act of putting to death or being put to death as a penalty, or actions so associated)


-é

Middle French: -é

French: -é

Inherited from Latin -ātus. First attested in 842, as -at (jurat in the Oaths of Strasbourg) > (first attested in c. 1050) -et in the Song of Roland; the form -é first appears in the 12th century.

used to form past participles of regular -er verbs


roe

roe oblique singular, f (oblique plural roes, nominative singular roe, nominative plural roes)

roe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
roes (oblique plural)
roe (nominative singular)
roes (nominative plural)

French: roue


miracle

miracle oblique singular, m (oblique plural miracles, nominative singular miracles, nominative plural miracle)

miracle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
miracles (oblique plural)
miracles (nominative singular)
miracle (nominative plural)

→ English: miracle

French: miracle

Norman: mithacl'ye

Borrowed from Latin mīrāculum (“object of wonder”) (compare inherited mirail (“mirror”)), from mīror (“to wonder at”), from mīrus (“wonderful”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meyh₂- (“to smile, to be astonished”).


public

head

public m (oblique and nominative feminine singular publique)

publique (feminine nominative oblique singular)

public (not private; available to the general populace)


large

large m (oblique and nominative feminine singular large)

large (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: large

desctree

French: large
Antillean Creole: laj
Haitian Creole: laj
Karipúna Creole French: laj
Louisiana Creole: laj, larj

Norman: large (Guernsey, Jersey)

→ Middle English: large

English: large

wide (when used to differentiate between height, width and length)


tenure

fro-noun

tenure oblique singular, f (oblique plural tenures, nominative singular tenure, nominative plural tenures)

tenure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tenures (oblique plural)
tenure (nominative singular)
tenures (nominative plural)

tenëure

diaereses are not universally used in Old French transcriptions

tenure (right to hold land under the feudal system)

1283, Philippe de Beaumanoir, Les Coutumes de Beauvaisis, available in page 237 of this document
le longue tenure qu'il alliguent ne lor vaut riens

The long tenure that they are claiming is worth nothing to them


enemy

enemy oblique singular, m (oblique plural enemys, nominative singular enemys, nominative plural enemy)

enemy oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
enemys (oblique plural)
enemys (nominative singular)
enemy (nominative plural)

→ English: enemy


trainer

trainer (infinitive)
avoir trainé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en trainant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
trainant (participle present)
trainé (participle past)
train (first-person indicative present singular)
traines (indicative present second-person singular)
traine (indicative present singular third-person)
trainons (first-person indicative plural present)
trainez (indicative plural present second-person)
trainent (indicative plural present third-person)
trainoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
traineie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
trainoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
traineve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
trainoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
traineies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
trainoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
traineves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
trainoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
traineit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
trainot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
traineve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
trainiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
trainiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
trainiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
trainiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
trainoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
traineient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
trainoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
trainevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
trainai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
trainas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
traina (indicative preterite singular third-person)
trainames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
trainastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
trainerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
trainerai (first-person future indicative singular)
traineras (future indicative second-person singular)
trainera (future indicative singular third-person)
trainerons (first-person future indicative plural)
traineroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
trainereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
trainerez (future indicative plural second-person)
traineront (future indicative plural third-person)
traineroie (conditional first-person singular)
trainereie (conditional first-person singular)
traineroies (conditional second-person singular)
trainereies (conditional second-person singular)
traineroit (conditional singular third-person)
trainereit (conditional singular third-person)
traineriiens (conditional first-person plural)
traineriens (conditional first-person plural)
traineriiez (conditional plural second-person)
traineriez (conditional plural second-person)
traineroient (conditional plural third-person)
trainereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
train (first-person present singular subjunctive)
trains (present second-person singular subjunctive)
traint (present singular subjunctive third-person)
trainons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
trainez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
trainent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
trainasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
trainasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
trainast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
trainissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
trainissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
trainissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
trainissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
trainissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
trainassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
traine (imperative second-person singular)
trainons (first-person imperative plural)
trainez (imperative plural second-person)

French: traîner

Norman: traîner

→ Galician: treinar

→ Italian: trainare

→ Middle English: trainen, traynen

English: train

→ Danish: træne (borrowing)

Scots: train

Portuguese: treinar

From Vulgar Latin *tragīnāre, from *tragere (see treire), from Latin trahō, trahere (“I pull”).

li rois antor le chastel fait
traïner à .IIII. chevax
les traïtors parmi les vax

the king ordered that
the traitors be dragged by four horses
around the castle, among the valleys

traïner

diaereses are not universally used in transcriptions of Old French


waiter

waiter (infinitive)
avoir waité (infinitive multiword-construction)
en waitant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
waitant (participle present)
waité (participle past)
wait (first-person indicative present singular)
waites (indicative present second-person singular)
waite (indicative present singular third-person)
waitons (first-person indicative plural present)
waitez (indicative plural present second-person)
waitent (indicative plural present third-person)
waitoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
waiteie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
waitoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
waiteve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
waitoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
waiteies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
waitoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
waiteves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
waitoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
waiteit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
waitot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
waiteve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
waitiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
waitiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
waitiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
waitiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
waitoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
waiteient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
waitoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
waitevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
waitai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
waitas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
waita (indicative preterite singular third-person)
waitames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
waitastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
waiterent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
waiterai (first-person future indicative singular)
waiteras (future indicative second-person singular)
waitera (future indicative singular third-person)
waiterons (first-person future indicative plural)
waiteroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
waitereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
waiterez (future indicative plural second-person)
waiteront (future indicative plural third-person)
waiteroie (conditional first-person singular)
waitereie (conditional first-person singular)
waiteroies (conditional second-person singular)
waitereies (conditional second-person singular)
waiteroit (conditional singular third-person)
waitereit (conditional singular third-person)
waiteriiens (conditional first-person plural)
waiteriens (conditional first-person plural)
waiteriiez (conditional plural second-person)
waiteriez (conditional plural second-person)
waiteroient (conditional plural third-person)
waitereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
wait (first-person present singular subjunctive)
waiz (present second-person singular subjunctive)
wait (present singular subjunctive third-person)
waitons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
waitez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
waitent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
waitasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
waitasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
waitast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
waitissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
waitissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
waitissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
waitissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
waitissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
waitassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
waite (imperative second-person singular)
waitons (first-person imperative plural)
waitez (imperative plural second-person)

(Old Northern French, Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of gaitier


queue

queue oblique singular, f (oblique plural queues, nominative singular queue, nominative plural queues)

queue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
queues (oblique plural)
queue (nominative singular)
queues (nominative plural)


procurement

procurement oblique singular, m (oblique plural procuremenz or procurementz, nominative singular procuremenz or procurementz, nominative plural procurement)

procurement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
procuremenz (oblique plural)
procurementz (oblique plural)
procuremenz (nominative singular)
procurementz (nominative singular)
procurement (nominative plural)

dishonest obtainment; obtainment by trickery


-ette

(late Old French, Old Northern French) Alternative form of -ete


de-

French: dé-

de- + brisier (“to break”) → debrisier (“to break”)

indicating that an action is done more strongly or more vigorously


alcohol

alcohol oblique singular, m (oblique plural alcohous or alcohox or alcohols, nominative singular alcohous or alcohox or alcohols, nominative plural alcohol)

alcohol oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
alcohous (oblique plural)
alcohox (oblique plural)
alcohols (oblique plural)
alcohous (nominative singular)
alcohox (nominative singular)
alcohols (nominative singular)
alcohol (nominative plural)

Middle French: alcohol

French: alcohol, alcool (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: alcofol

English: alcohol (see there for further descendants)


dos

dos oblique singular, m (oblique plural dos, nominative singular dos, nominative plural dos)

dos oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dos (oblique plural)
dos (nominative singular)
dos (nominative plural)

French: dos

Norman: dos (Jersey)

Walloon: dos

From Vulgar Latin dossum, from Latin dorsum.


quart

head

quart m (oblique and nominative feminine singular quarte)

quarte (feminine nominative oblique singular)

le quart jour


quart

fro-noun

quart oblique singular, m (oblique plural quarz or quartz, nominative singular quarz or quartz, nominative plural quart)

quart oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
quarz (oblique plural)
quartz (oblique plural)
quarz (nominative singular)
quartz (nominative singular)
quart (nominative plural)

fourth (the ordinal position corresponding to four)


en-

From Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”). Influenced by Frankish *an- (intensive prefix), related to Old English on- (intensive prefix).


-er

falconer, fauconer
falconer

(chiefly Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of -ier, suffix indicating a profession


toit

toit oblique singular, m (oblique plural toiz or toitz, nominative singular toiz or toitz, nominative plural toit)

toit oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
toiz (oblique plural)
toitz (oblique plural)
toiz (nominative singular)
toitz (nominative singular)
toit (nominative plural)

French: toit


divin

head

divin m (oblique and nominative feminine singular divine)

divine (feminine nominative oblique singular)
divins (masculine singular subjective)
divine (feminine singular subjective)
divin (neuter singular subjective)
divin (masculine oblique singular)
divine (feminine oblique singular)
divin (neuter oblique singular)
divine (oblique singular)
divin (oblique singular)
divin (masculine plural subjective)
divines (feminine plural subjective)
divin (neuter plural subjective)
divin (plural subjective)
divins (masculine oblique plural)
divines (feminine oblique plural)
divin (neuter oblique plural)
divines (oblique plural)
divin (oblique plural)

French: divin
→ Romanian: divin

→ English: divine


bastard

fro-noun

bastard oblique singular, m (oblique plural bastarz or bastartz, nominative singular bastarz or bastartz, nominative plural bastard)

bastard oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bastarz (oblique plural)
bastartz (oblique plural)
bastarz (nominative singular)
bastartz (nominative singular)
bastard (nominative plural)

From Medieval Latin bastardus, of Germanic origin, possibly Frankish.

Vos savez bien qe je sui de bas lin, [e]t sui bastars

12th Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:

You know well that I am of low birth, and I am a bastard

bastard (person conceived to unmarried parents)

(derogatory, usually vocative) bastard (insult)


bastard

head

bastard m (oblique and nominative feminine singular bastarde)

bastarde (feminine nominative oblique singular)
bastards (masculine singular subjective)
bastarde (feminine singular subjective)
bastard (neuter singular subjective)
bastard (masculine oblique singular)
bastarde (feminine oblique singular)
bastard (neuter oblique singular)
bastarde (oblique singular)
bastard (oblique singular)
bastard (masculine plural subjective)
bastardes (feminine plural subjective)
bastard (neuter plural subjective)
bastard (plural subjective)
bastards (masculine oblique plural)
bastardes (feminine oblique plural)
bastard (neuter oblique plural)
bastardes (oblique plural)
bastard (oblique plural)

French: bâtard

→ Galician: bastardo

→ Middle Dutch: bastaert

desctree

Dutch: bastaard
→ Indonesian: bastar
→? Saramaccan: bása
→? Sranan Tongo: basra

→ Middle English: bastard, bastarde, basterd, bastart
English: bastard
Scots: bastart, bastert

bastard (conceived by unmarried parents)


rime

fro-noun

rime oblique singular, f (oblique plural rimes, nominative singular rime, nominative plural rimes)

rime oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
rimes (oblique plural)
rime (nominative singular)
rimes (nominative plural)

French: rime

Italian: rima

>? Middle English: ryme, rime

English: rhyme

Uncertain. Either of Germanic origin, from Frankish *rīm, from Proto-Germanic *rīmą (“counting”) or from Medieval Latin rithmus, rhythmus (“cadence”).


hoe

hoe oblique singular, f (oblique plural hoes, nominative singular hoe, nominative plural hoes)

hoe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
hoes (oblique plural)
hoe (nominative singular)
hoes (nominative plural)

Of Germanic origin, probably from or related to Frankish *hauwan (“to chop”).


di

di oblique singular, m (oblique plural dis, nominative singular dis, nominative plural di)

di oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
dis (oblique plural)
dis (nominative singular)
di (nominative plural)


fame

fame oblique singular, f (oblique plural fames, nominative singular fame, nominative plural fames)

fame oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
fames (oblique plural)
fame (nominative singular)
fames (nominative plural)

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: fonne

Bourguignon: fanne, fonne

Champenois: fanme, fonme, fomme

Gallo: fame, fom

Lorrain: fomme

Middle French: femme (see there for further descendants)

desc

Norman: femme, fâme, faume, faumme (Guernsey), foume (continental Normandy), fenme (Cotentin), foume, fenme

Picard: fanme, féme, feume

Walloon: feme

→ Middle English: femme, feme

English: femme, feme

woman, especially one of lower social status (dame being the usual word for upper-class women)


clef

fro-noun

clef oblique singular, f (oblique plural cles, nominative singular clef, nominative plural cles)

clef oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cles (oblique plural)
clef (nominative singular)
cles (nominative plural)

Angevin: quié, quief

French: clé

Gallo: tié

desctree

Middle French: clef
French: clef, clé
→ English: clef

Norman: clef, clié, cllé

Walloon: clé

→ English: clef


patient

fro-noun

patient oblique singular, m (oblique plural patienz or patientz, nominative singular patienz or patientz, nominative plural patient)

patient oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
patienz (oblique plural)
patientz (oblique plural)
patienz (nominative singular)
patientz (nominative singular)
patient (nominative plural)

Middle French: patient

French: patient

desctree

→ Middle English: pacient, paciente, pacyent, patient
English: patient

Norman: pâcient


grace

fro-noun

grace oblique singular, f (oblique plural graces, nominative singular grace, nominative plural graces)

grace oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
graces (oblique plural)
grace (nominative singular)
graces (nominative plural)

French: grâce

desctree

→ Middle English: grace, graz, crace, gras, grase
English: grace
Scots: grace
Yola: greash, graace
→ Welsh: gras
→ Cornish: gras


regard

fro-noun

regard oblique singular, m (oblique plural regarz or regartz, nominative singular regarz or regartz, nominative plural regard)

regard oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
regarz (oblique plural)
regartz (oblique plural)
regarz (nominative singular)
regartz (nominative singular)
regard (nominative plural)

Middle French: regard

→ Middle English: regard, regarde

English: regard

Quant ses resgars me vint enamourer, / J'estoie liez, gais, et jolis et baus.

1377, Guillaume de Machaut, La Louange des dames

Oh, how much her glances made me fall in love! I was delighted, happy, joyful and overjoyed.

look; observance; watching (act, instance of looking at)


novel

head

novel m (oblique and nominative feminine singular novele)

novele (feminine nominative oblique singular)
noveus (masculine singular subjective)
novex (masculine singular subjective)
novels (masculine singular subjective)
novele (feminine singular subjective)
novel (neuter singular subjective)
novel (masculine oblique singular)
novele (feminine oblique singular)
novel (neuter oblique singular)
novele (oblique singular)
novel (oblique singular)
novel (masculine plural subjective)
noveles (feminine plural subjective)
novel (neuter plural subjective)
novel (plural subjective)
noveus (masculine oblique plural)
novex (masculine oblique plural)
novels (masculine oblique plural)
noveles (feminine oblique plural)
novel (neuter oblique plural)
noveles (oblique plural)
novel (oblique plural)

desctree

Middle French: nouveau
French: nouveau
Haitian Creole: nouvo
Mauritian Creole: nouvo
Seychellois Creole: nouvo
→ English: nouveau

Norman: nouvieau

Walloon: novea

→ Middle English: novel

English: novel (“new”)


closet

fro-noun

closet oblique singular, m (oblique plural closez or closetz, nominative singular closez or closetz, nominative plural closet)

closet oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
closez (oblique plural)
closetz (oblique plural)
closez (nominative singular)
closetz (nominative singular)
closet (nominative plural)

A small enclosed area, such as a field or a paddock.


delicious

head

delicious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular deliciouse)

deliciouse (feminine nominative oblique singular)
delicious (masculine singular subjective)
deliciouse (feminine singular subjective)
delicious (neuter singular subjective)
delicious (masculine oblique singular)
deliciouse (feminine oblique singular)
delicious (neuter oblique singular)
deliciouse (oblique singular)
delicious (oblique singular)
delicious (masculine plural subjective)
deliciouses (feminine plural subjective)
delicious (neuter plural subjective)
delicious (plural subjective)
delicious (masculine oblique plural)
deliciouses (feminine oblique plural)
delicious (neuter oblique plural)
deliciouses (oblique plural)
delicious (oblique plural)

French: délicieux

→ English: delicious


chambre

fro-noun

chambre oblique singular, f (oblique plural chambres, nominative singular chambre, nominative plural chambres)

chambre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
chambres (oblique plural)
chambre (nominative singular)
chambres (nominative plural)

desctree

French: chambre
Antillean Creole: chanm
Haitian Creole: chanm
→ Norman: chambre, chàmbre (Guernsey)
→ Algerian Arabic: شمبرة (šambra)
→ Vietnamese: săm

→ Irish: seomra

→ Middle Armenian: ջամբռ (ǰambṙ)

→ Middle English: chambre, chaumbre, chaumber, chaumer, chamer, chamber
English: chamber
Scots: chaumer
→ Scottish Gaelic: seòmar
Yola: chaamer

From Latin cambra, Medieval spelling of camera (“room”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára).


chaste

head

chaste m (oblique and nominative feminine singular chaste)

chaste (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Semi-learned term derived from Latin castus.


manere

fro-noun

manere oblique singular, f (oblique plural maneres, nominative singular manere, nominative plural maneres)

manere oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
maneres (oblique plural)
manere (nominative singular)
maneres (nominative plural)

Middle English: maner, manere

English: manner

Middle French: maniere

French: manière

Norman: manniéthe

From the masculine manier, from Late Latin, from Latin manuārius, or alternatively from a Vulgar Latin *manāria, from the feminine of manuārius.


vivre

vivre (infinitive)
avoir vescu (infinitive multiword-construction)
en vivant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
vivant (participle present)
vescu (participle past)
vif (first-person indicative present singular)
vis (indicative present second-person singular)
vit (indicative present singular third-person)
vivons (first-person indicative plural present)
vivez (indicative plural present second-person)
vivent (indicative plural present third-person)
vivoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
viveie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vivoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
viveies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vivoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
viveit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
viviiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
viviens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
viviiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
viviez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vivoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
viveient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vesqui (first-person indicative preterite singular)
vesquis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
vesquié (indicative preterite singular third-person)
vesquimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
vesquistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
vesquierent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
vivrai (first-person future indicative singular)
vivras (future indicative second-person singular)
vivra (future indicative singular third-person)
vivrons (first-person future indicative plural)
vivroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
vivreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
vivrez (future indicative plural second-person)
vivront (future indicative plural third-person)
vivroie (conditional first-person singular)
vivreie (conditional first-person singular)
vivroies (conditional second-person singular)
vivreies (conditional second-person singular)
vivroit (conditional singular third-person)
vivreit (conditional singular third-person)
vivriiens (conditional first-person plural)
vivriens (conditional first-person plural)
vivriiez (conditional plural second-person)
vivriez (conditional plural second-person)
vivroient (conditional plural third-person)
vivreient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
vive (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vives (present second-person singular subjunctive)
vive (present singular subjunctive third-person)
vivons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vivez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vivent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
vesquisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
vesquisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vesquist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vesquissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vesquissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vesquissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vesquissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vesquissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vesquissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vif (imperative second-person singular)
vivons (first-person imperative plural)
vivez (imperative plural second-person)

Bourguignon: vivre

Middle French: vivre

French: vivre

Norman: vivre (Jersey)

From Latin vīvere, present active infinitive of vīvō.


monstre

monstre oblique singular, m (oblique plural monstres, nominative singular monstres, nominative plural monstre)

monstre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
monstres (oblique plural)
monstres (nominative singular)
monstre (nominative plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: monstre, moustre
English: monster
Scots: monster

Middle French: monstre
French: monstre
→ Romanian: monstru

Norman: monstre

→ Middle Dutch: monster

Dutch: monster


eage

fro-noun

eage oblique singular, m or f (oblique plural eages, nominative singular eages, nominative plural eage)

eage oblique singular or (canonical feminine masculine)
eages (oblique plural)
eages (nominative singular)
eage (nominative plural)

Angevin: age m or f

Champenois: aige

Franc-Comtois: aîdge, adge, edze m

Gallo: age m or f

Lorrain: edge m, eche, ache, èje f

Middle French: âge m or f

French: âge m

→ Catalan: atge m

Norman: age m or f, âge f

Orléanais: age m

Picard: age m or f, ache, aje f

desc

Poitevin-Saintongeais: age m or f, ah, agh' m, âge f

Walloon: atche m, ådje f

desctree

→ Middle English: age, aage, ayge (both rare)
English: age
Scots: age

→ Old Occitan: atge m

→ Occitan: atge m

From Vulgar Latin *aetāticum, from Latin aetātem. Alternatively formed within Old French from eé + -age.

Onques nus hon de son aage
Ne fu de greignor vasselage.

Never us, men of their age
We did not deal with the biggest vassalage.

(Anglo-Norman, law) coming of age
date of coming of age


corn

fro-noun

corn oblique singular, m (oblique plural corns, nominative singular corns, nominative plural corn)

corn oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
corns (oblique plural)
corns (nominative singular)
corn (nominative plural)

French: cor

horn (a bony projection on the head of some animals)

horn (an instrument used to create sound)


baud

head

baud m (oblique and nominative feminine singular baude)

baude (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Bourguignon: baud

Middle French: baud

French: baud

→ Italian: baldo

→ Middle English: bawde, baude (noun)

English: bawd

From Frankish *bald or similar Germanic source, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *balþaz.


pro

(very early Old French) Alternative form of por


pro

fro-noun

pro oblique singular, m (nominative singular pro)

pro oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pro (nominative singular)

French: prou (in the idiom peu ou prou)

Bons fut li sècles al tens ancienur, si ert créḍance, dunt or n'i a nul prut. Tut est muḍez, perdut aḍ sa colur.

Good was the time of the ancients, as there was trust, in which nowadays there is no profit. Everything has changed and has lost its color.

E dist al Rei : « Ja mar crerez bricun, / Ne mei ne altre, se de vostre prod nun. … »

11th century, Chanson de Roland, 221-222

(Ganelon speaks to Charlemaigne) And he said to the king, "You should never believe a madman: [believe] neither me nor anyone else, unless it is of your advantage. …"


homage

homage oblique singular, m (oblique plural homages, nominative singular homages, nominative plural homage)

homage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
homages (oblique plural)
homages (nominative singular)
homage (nominative plural)

Middle French: homage

French: hommage

→ Romanian: omagiu

→ Italian: omaggio

→ Middle Dutch: homagie

Dutch: homage

desctree

→ Middle English: homage
English: homage
Scots: homage
→ Irish: ómós

→ Sicilian: omaggiu

Calque of Medieval Latin homināticum. By surface analysis, home + -age.


manger

manger (infinitive)
avoir mangé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en manjant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
manjant (participle present)
mangé (participle past)
mange (first-person indicative present singular)
manges (indicative present second-person singular)
mange (indicative present singular third-person)
manjons (first-person indicative plural present)
mangez (indicative plural present second-person)
mangent (indicative plural present third-person)
manjoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mangeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
manjoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mangeve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
manjoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mangeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
manjoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mangeves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
manjoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mangeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
manjot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mangeve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mangiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mangiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mangiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mangiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
manjoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mangeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
manjoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mangevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
manjai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
manjas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
manja (indicative preterite singular third-person)
manjames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
manjastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
mangerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
mangerai (first-person future indicative singular)
mangeras (future indicative second-person singular)
mangera (future indicative singular third-person)
mangerons (first-person future indicative plural)
mangeroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
mangereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
mangerez (future indicative plural second-person)
mangeront (future indicative plural third-person)
mangeroie (conditional first-person singular)
mangereie (conditional first-person singular)
mangeroies (conditional second-person singular)
mangereies (conditional second-person singular)
mangeroit (conditional singular third-person)
mangereit (conditional singular third-person)
mangeriiens (conditional first-person plural)
mangeriens (conditional first-person plural)
mangeriiez (conditional plural second-person)
mangeriez (conditional plural second-person)
mangeroient (conditional plural third-person)
mangereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
mange (first-person present singular subjunctive)
manges (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mange (present singular subjunctive third-person)
manjons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mangez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mangent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
manjasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
manjasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
manjast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mangissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mangissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mangissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mangissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mangissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
manjassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mange (imperative second-person singular)
manjons (first-person imperative plural)
mangez (imperative plural second-person)

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of mengier


dei

fro-noun

dei oblique singular, m (oblique plural deis, nominative singular deis, nominative plural dei)

dei oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
deis (oblique plural)
deis (nominative singular)
dei (nominative plural)

Un anel d'or trait de sun dei

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 164, line 1980:

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of doit (finger)


funder

funder (infinitive)
avoir fundé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en fundant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
fundant (participle present)
fundé (participle past)
funt (first-person indicative present singular)
fundes (indicative present second-person singular)
funde (indicative present singular third-person)
fundons (first-person indicative plural present)
fundez (indicative plural present second-person)
fundent (indicative plural present third-person)
fundoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fundeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fundoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fundeve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fundoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fundeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fundoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fundeves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fundoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fundeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fundot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fundeve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fundiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fundiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fundiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fundiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fundoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fundeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fundoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fundevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fundai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
fundas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
funda (indicative preterite singular third-person)
fundames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
fundastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
funderent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
funderai (first-person future indicative singular)
funderas (future indicative second-person singular)
fundera (future indicative singular third-person)
funderons (first-person future indicative plural)
funderoiz (future indicative plural second-person)
fundereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
funderez (future indicative plural second-person)
funderont (future indicative plural third-person)
funderoie (conditional first-person singular)
fundereie (conditional first-person singular)
funderoies (conditional second-person singular)
fundereies (conditional second-person singular)
funderoit (conditional singular third-person)
fundereit (conditional singular third-person)
funderiiens (conditional first-person plural)
funderiens (conditional first-person plural)
funderiiez (conditional plural second-person)
funderiez (conditional plural second-person)
funderoient (conditional plural third-person)
fundereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
funt (first-person present singular subjunctive)
funz (present second-person singular subjunctive)
funt (present singular subjunctive third-person)
fundons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
fundez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
fundent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
fundasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fundasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fundast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fundissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fundissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fundissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fundissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fundissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fundassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
funde (imperative second-person singular)
fundons (first-person imperative plural)
fundez (imperative plural second-person)

French: fonder

→ German: fundieren

→ Middle Breton: fondaff

→ Middle English: founden

English: found

(Anglo-Norman) to build; to construct; to make


chant

chant oblique singular, m (oblique plural chanz or chantz, nominative singular chanz or chantz, nominative plural chant)

chant oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chanz (oblique plural)
chantz (oblique plural)
chanz (nominative singular)
chantz (nominative singular)
chant (nominative plural)

Middle French: chant

French: chant

car sun chant signefie mort

c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 104, line 1027:


-or

head

-or (nominative singular -ere, occasionally -ors)

desctree

→ Middle English: -our (in part)
English: -or (-er)
Scots: -or (-er)


-or

Middle French: -eur (both etymologies)

French: -eur (both etymologies)

Norman: -eux

blanche + -or → blanchor (“whiteness”)

-ness, indicates a quality, a characteristic


anima

fro-noun

anima oblique singular, f (oblique plural animas, nominative singular anima, nominative plural animas)

anima oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
animas (oblique plural)
anima (nominative singular)
animas (nominative plural)

(9th and 10th centuries) Alternative form of ame


solitude

solitude oblique singular, f (nominative singular solitude)

solitude oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
solitude (nominative singular)

→ English: solitude

French: solitude


tei

Li Angles Dex li respundi: Tais tei


dent

dent oblique singular, m (oblique plural denz or dentz, nominative singular denz or dentz, nominative plural dent)

dent oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
denz (oblique plural)
dentz (oblique plural)
denz (nominative singular)
dentz (nominative singular)
dent (nominative plural)

Middle French: dent f
French: dent f

Walloon: dint f


creature

creature oblique singular, f (oblique plural creatures, nominative singular creature, nominative plural creatures)

creature oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
creatures (oblique plural)
creature (nominative singular)
creatures (nominative plural)

Middle English: creature

French: créature

Learned borrowing from Late Latin creātūra.


gent

fro-noun

gent oblique singular, f (oblique plural genz or gentz, nominative singular gent, nominative plural genz or gentz)

gent oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
genz (oblique plural)
gentz (oblique plural)
gent (nominative singular)
genz (nominative plural)
gentz (nominative plural)

French: gens m pl

Norman: gens m pl

Walloon: djin m pl

From Latin gentem, accusative singular of gēns. The nominative singular descends from a regularized form: oblique stem gent- and 3rd declension nominative -is.

la Franceise gent


gent

head

gent m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gente)

gente (feminine nominative oblique singular)
gens (masculine singular subjective)
gente (feminine singular subjective)
gent (neuter singular subjective)
gent (masculine oblique singular)
gente (feminine oblique singular)
gent (neuter oblique singular)
gente (oblique singular)
gent (oblique singular)
gent (masculine plural subjective)
gentes (feminine plural subjective)
gent (neuter plural subjective)
gent (plural subjective)
gens (masculine oblique plural)
gentes (feminine oblique plural)
gent (neuter oblique plural)
gentes (oblique plural)
gent (oblique plural)

From Latin genitus (“begotten”), perfect passive participle of gignō.


lez

fro-noun

lez oblique singular, m (oblique plural lez, nominative singular lez, nominative plural lez)

lez oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
lez (oblique plural)
lez (nominative singular)
lez (nominative plural)

French: lès, lez


visage

visage oblique singular, m (oblique plural visages, nominative singular visages, nominative plural visage)

visage oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
visages (oblique plural)
visages (nominative singular)
visage (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: vizaige

French: visage

→ Esperanto: vizaĝo

desctree

→ Middle English: visage
English: visage

→ Italian: visaggio

From Vulgar Latin *vīsāticum, derived from Latin vīsus. By surface analysis, vis + -age. Compare Old Occitan vizatge.


gai

head

gai m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaie)

gaie (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: gay
French: gai

desctree

→ Middle English: gay
English: gay
Yola: gaaye, gaay, gay, gai

→ Middle Dutch: gay
Dutch: gei, gaai


sa

French: sa

his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive)


profession

fro-noun

profession oblique singular, f (oblique plural professions, nominative singular profession, nominative plural professions)

profession oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
professions (oblique plural)
profession (nominative singular)
professions (nominative plural)

profession; declaration (usually of faith)


grieve

third-person singular present indicative of grever


saint

saint oblique singular, m (oblique plural sainz or saintz, nominative singular sainz or saintz, nominative plural saint)

saint oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sainz (oblique plural)
saintz (oblique plural)
sainz (nominative singular)
saintz (nominative singular)
saint (nominative plural)
sainz (masculine singular subjective)
sainte (feminine singular subjective)
saint (masculine oblique singular)
sainte (feminine oblique singular)
saint (masculine plural subjective)
saintes (feminine plural subjective)
sainz (masculine oblique plural)
saintes (feminine oblique plural)