waster

waster (infinitive)
aveir wasté (infinitive multiword-construction)
en wastant (gerund)
gerund of aveir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
wastant (participle present)
wasté (participle past)
wast (first-person indicative present singular)
wastes (indicative present second-person singular)
waste (indicative present singular third-person)
wastons (first-person indicative plural present)
wastez (indicative plural present second-person)
wastent (indicative plural present third-person)
wasteie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wastoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wasteve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
wasteies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wastoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wasteves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
wasteit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wastot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wasteve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
wastiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
wastiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
wastiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
wastiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
wasteient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wastoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wastevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
wastai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
wastas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
wasta (indicative preterite singular third-person)
wastames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
wastastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
wasterent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
wasterai (first-person future indicative singular)
wasteras (future indicative second-person singular)
wastera (future indicative singular third-person)
wasterons (first-person future indicative plural)
wastereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
wasterez (future indicative plural second-person)
wasteront (future indicative plural third-person)
wastereie (conditional first-person singular)
wastereies (conditional second-person singular)
wastereit (conditional singular third-person)
wasteriiens (conditional first-person plural)
wasteriens (conditional first-person plural)
wasteriiez (conditional plural second-person)
wasteriez (conditional plural second-person)
wastereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of aveir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
wast (first-person present singular subjunctive)
waz (present second-person singular subjunctive)
wast (present singular subjunctive third-person)
wastons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
wastez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
wastent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
wastasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
wastasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
wastast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
wastissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
wastissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
wastisseiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
wastissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
wastissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
wastassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
waste (imperative second-person singular)
wastons (first-person imperative plural)
wastez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Middle English: wasten, waaste, waasten, waaston, waastye, waist, wast, waste, wasti, wayst
English: waste
Scots: waste

E li Paens ont tot wasté

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of gaster


fret

fro-noun

fret oblique singular, m (oblique plural frez or fretz, nominative singular frez or fretz, nominative plural fret)

fret oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
frez (oblique plural)
fretz (oblique plural)
frez (nominative singular)
fretz (nominative singular)
fret (nominative plural)

desctree

French: fret
→ Portuguese: frete
→ Spanish: flete

→ Galician: frete

charge (demand of payment in exchange for goods or services)


fret

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


lame

fro-noun

lame oblique singular, f (oblique plural lames, nominative singular lame, nominative plural lames)

lame oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lames (oblique plural)
lame (nominative singular)
lames (nominative plural)


valour

valour oblique singular, f (oblique plural valours, nominative singular valour, nominative plural valours)

valour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
valours (oblique plural)
valour (nominative singular)
valours (nominative plural)

Flatour est un soubtil enchanteour;
Car par son vein enchantement
Fait croire au dame et au seignour
Que sur tous autres de valour
Sont plus digne et plus excellent.
Flattery is a subtle enchanter,
For by its vain enchantment
It makes damsels and lords alike believe
That above all other valorous people
Are more worthy and more excellent.


route

route oblique singular, f (oblique plural routes, nominative singular route, nominative plural routes)

route oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
routes (oblique plural)
route (nominative singular)
routes (nominative plural)


desirer

desirer (infinitive)
avoir desiré (infinitive multiword-construction)
en desirant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
desirant (participle present)
desiré (participle past)
desir (first-person indicative present singular)
desires (indicative present second-person singular)
desire (indicative present singular third-person)
desirons (first-person indicative plural present)
desirez (indicative plural present second-person)
desirent (indicative plural present third-person)
desiroie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
desireie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
desiroe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
desireve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
desiroies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
desireies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
desiroes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
desireves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
desiroit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
desireit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
desirot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
desireve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
desiriiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
desiriens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
desiriiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
desiriez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
desiroient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
desireient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
desiroent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
desirevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
desirai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
desiras (indicative preterite second-person singular)
desira (indicative preterite singular third-person)
desirames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
desirastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
desirerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
desirerai (first-person future indicative singular)
desireras (future indicative second-person singular)
desirera (future indicative singular third-person)
desirerons (first-person future indicative plural)
desireroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
desirereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
desirerez (future indicative plural second-person)
desireront (future indicative plural third-person)
desireroie (conditional first-person singular)
desirereie (conditional first-person singular)
desireroies (conditional second-person singular)
desirereies (conditional second-person singular)
desireroit (conditional singular third-person)
desirereit (conditional singular third-person)
desireriiens (conditional first-person plural)
desireriens (conditional first-person plural)
desireriiez (conditional plural second-person)
desireriez (conditional plural second-person)
desireroient (conditional plural third-person)
desirereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
desir (first-person present singular subjunctive)
desirs (present second-person singular subjunctive)
desirt (present singular subjunctive third-person)
desirons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
desirez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
desirent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
desirasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
desirasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
desirast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
desirissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
desirissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
desirissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
desirissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
desirissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
desirassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
desire (imperative second-person singular)
desirons (first-person imperative plural)
desirez (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative form of desirrer (“to desire”)


tanner

tanner (infinitive)
avoir tanné (infinitive multiword-construction)
en tannant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
tannant (participle present)
tanné (participle past)
tan (first-person indicative present singular)
tannes (indicative present second-person singular)
tanne (indicative present singular third-person)
tannons (first-person indicative plural present)
tannez (indicative plural present second-person)
tannent (indicative plural present third-person)
tannoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tanneie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tannoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tanneve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tannoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tanneies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tannoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tanneves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tannoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tanneit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tannot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tanneve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tanniiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
tanniens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
tanniiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
tanniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
tannoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tanneient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tannoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tannevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tannai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
tannas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
tanna (indicative preterite singular third-person)
tannames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
tannastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
tannerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
tannerai (first-person future indicative singular)
tanneras (future indicative second-person singular)
tannera (future indicative singular third-person)
tannerons (first-person future indicative plural)
tanneroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
tannereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
tannerez (future indicative plural second-person)
tanneront (future indicative plural third-person)
tanneroie (conditional first-person singular)
tannereie (conditional first-person singular)
tanneroies (conditional second-person singular)
tannereies (conditional second-person singular)
tanneroit (conditional singular third-person)
tannereit (conditional singular third-person)
tanneriiens (conditional first-person plural)
tanneriens (conditional first-person plural)
tanneriiez (conditional plural second-person)
tanneriez (conditional plural second-person)
tanneroient (conditional plural third-person)
tannereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
tan (first-person present singular subjunctive)
tans (present second-person singular subjunctive)
tant (present singular subjunctive third-person)
tannons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
tannez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
tannent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
tannasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
tannasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
tannast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
tannissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tannissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tannissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tannissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tannissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tannassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
tanne (imperative second-person singular)
tannons (first-person imperative plural)
tannez (imperative plural second-person)


official

official oblique singular, m (oblique plural officiaus or officiax or officials, nominative singular officiaus or officiax or officials, nominative plural official)

official oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
officiaus (oblique plural)
officiax (oblique plural)
officials (oblique plural)
officiaus (nominative singular)
officiax (nominative singular)
officials (nominative singular)
official (nominative plural)


official

head

official m (oblique and nominative feminine singular officiale)

officiale (feminine nominative oblique singular)

desctree

→ Middle English: official, officiale, offycyal, offyciall, officiall, offecialle
English: official
Scots: offeecial

French: officiel

tumeur c’est maladie officiale

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 182 of this essay:

official; certified or permitted by an authoritative source


valor

fro-noun

valor oblique singular, m (oblique plural valors, nominative singular valors, nominative plural valor)

valor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
valors (oblique plural)
valors (nominative singular)
valor (nominative plural)


couple

couple oblique singular, f (oblique plural couples, nominative singular couple, nominative plural couples)

couple oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
couples (oblique plural)
couple (nominative singular)
couples (nominative plural)

French: couple

Norman: couplle, coupl'ye

desctree

→ Middle English: couple, copill, cople, copull, coupull, cowpulle, cupil, cuple, cupple
English: couple
Scots: couple, kipple

From Vulgar Latin *copla, from Latin cōpula.


vassal

fro-noun

vassal oblique singular, m (oblique plural vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative singular vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative plural vassal)

vassal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vassaus (oblique plural)
vassax (oblique plural)
vassals (oblique plural)
vassaus (nominative singular)
vassax (nominative singular)
vassals (nominative singular)
vassal (nominative plural)

French: vassal

Norman: vassa (Jersey)

desctree

→ Middle English: vassal, vassall
English: vassal
Yola: vassale


disposition

fro-noun

disposition oblique singular, f (oblique plural dispositions, nominative singular disposition, nominative plural dispositions)

disposition oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
dispositions (oblique plural)
disposition (nominative singular)
dispositions (nominative plural)


honour

honour oblique singular, m (oblique plural honours, nominative singular honours, nominative plural honour)

honour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
honours (oblique plural)
honours (nominative singular)
honour (nominative plural)

[…] prierent au roi qe mesme le cont purroit estre restorez a ses noun et honour de marquys queux il avoit pardevant.

[…] prayed to the king that even the count could be restored to his name and his honour of marquee that he had before


site

site oblique singular, m (oblique plural sites, nominative singular sites, nominative plural site)

site oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
sites (oblique plural)
sites (nominative singular)
site (nominative plural)

→ English: site

French: site


singe

singe oblique singular, m (oblique plural singes, nominative singular singes, nominative plural singe)

singe oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
singes (oblique plural)
singes (nominative singular)
singe (nominative plural)

French: singe

Norman: sînge (Jersey)

Walloon: séndje


tart

head

tart m (oblique and nominative feminine singular tarde)

tarde (feminine nominative oblique singular)


tart

French: tard


poet

third-person singular present indicative of poeir


envious

envious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular enviouse)

enviouse (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: envieux

Norman: envieux

desctree

→ Middle English: envious, envius, enwius, envyose, envyous, envyus
English: envious

Mez mult part fu cruel e mult fu envious

But [he] was very cruel and very jealous


parochial

head

parochial m (oblique and nominative feminine singular parochiale)

parochiale (feminine nominative oblique singular)

⇒ English: parochial

Borrowed from Latin parochialis. Compare the inherited term paroissial.


enclosure

fro-noun

enclosure oblique singular, f (oblique plural enclosures, nominative singular enclosure, nominative plural enclosures)

enclosure oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
enclosures (oblique plural)
enclosure (nominative singular)
enclosures (nominative plural)


traitor

traitor oblique singular, m (oblique plural traitors, nominative singular traitre, nominative plural traitor)

traitor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
traitors (oblique plural)
traitre (nominative singular)
traitor (nominative plural)

French: traître

Norman: traître (Jersey)

Walloon: traite

desctree

→ Middle English: traytour, traitour, traitor
English: traitor
→ Middle Irish: trétúir
Irish: tréatúir

Adaptation of Latin trāditor, trāditorem.

Ne croire pas ce traïtor.

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:


tut

head

tut m (oblique and nominative feminine singular tute)

tute (feminine nominative oblique singular)
tuz (masculine singular subjective)
tuit (masculine singular subjective)
tute (feminine singular subjective)
tut (neuter singular subjective)
tut (masculine oblique singular)
tute (feminine oblique singular)
tut (neuter oblique singular)
tute (oblique singular)
tut (oblique singular)
tut (masculine plural subjective)
tutes (feminine plural subjective)
tut (neuter plural subjective)
tut (plural subjective)
tuz (masculine oblique plural)
tuit (masculine oblique plural)
tutes (feminine oblique plural)
tut (neuter oblique plural)
tutes (oblique plural)
tut (oblique plural)


ignorance

fro-noun

ignorance oblique singular, f (oblique plural ignorances, nominative singular ignorance, nominative plural ignorances)

ignorance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ignorances (oblique plural)
ignorance (nominative singular)
ignorances (nominative plural)

English: ignorance

French: ignorance

ignorance (lacking of knowledge; lack of understanding)


remis

head

remis m (oblique and nominative feminine singular remise)

remise (feminine nominative oblique singular)

→ English: remiss

1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de Lys en Medecine, page 193 of this essay
Urine remisse et les aultres signes qui signifient melancolie

Unusual urine and the other signs that demonstrate melancholy


argent

fro-noun

argent oblique singular, m (oblique plural argenz or argentz, nominative singular argenz or argentz, nominative plural argent)

argent oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
argenz (oblique plural)
argentz (oblique plural)
argenz (nominative singular)
argentz (nominative singular)
argent (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: argent
French: argent
Haitian Creole: ajan
Louisiana Creole: larjên

Norman: argent, ergent, ardjã

Walloon: ardjint

→ Middle English: argent

English: argent


sade

head

sade m (oblique and nominative feminine singular sade)

sade (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Bourguignon: sade, sède, séde

Franc-Comtois: saite, cède

French: sade (obsolete)

Lorrain: sâde

Norman: sade

From Latin sapidus (“delicious, wise”). Doublet of sage (“wise”), which reflects a semantically specialized Vulgar Latin *sapium (“wise”).


temps

fro-noun

temps oblique singular, m (oblique plural temps, nominative singular temps, nominative plural temps)

temps oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
temps (oblique plural)
temps (nominative singular)
temps (nominative plural)

Anglo-Norman: tens

Middle English: tens

English: tense

Bourguignon: tamps

Middle French: temps
French: temps

Norman: temps

Walloon: tins


novembre

novembre oblique singular, m (oblique plural novembres, nominative singular novembres, nominative plural novembre)

novembre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
novembres (oblique plural)
novembres (nominative singular)
novembre (nominative plural)

Franc-Comtois: nôvembre

desctree

French: novembre
Guianese Creole: novanm
Haitian Creole: novanm
→ Iranian Persian: نوامبر (novâmbr)
→ South Azerbaijani: نوْوامبر (novambr)
→ Tunisian Arabic: نوفمبر (novōmbr)

Norman:

Cotentin: novembe

Guernsey: novembre

Jersey: Novembre

Sark: novãbr

Walloon: nôvimbe

→ Middle English: Novembre

English: November (see there for further descendants)

Scots: November


fol

head

fol m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fole or folle)

fole (feminine nominative oblique singular)
folle (feminine nominative oblique singular)

desctree

Middle French: fol
French: fol, fou
Louisiana Creole: fou

Norman: fo m, folle f

→ Middle English: fole, foul, fol, fool, fule, ffuyll, foole, ffoole
English: fool
Geordie English: fuil, feul
Scots: fule, fuil
→ Welsh: ffôl

→ Old Danish: fol

Danish: fjols


corruption

fro-noun

corruption oblique singular, f (oblique plural corruptions, nominative singular corruption, nominative plural corruptions)

corruption oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
corruptions (oblique plural)
corruption (nominative singular)
corruptions (nominative plural)

→ English: corruption

French: corruption

Borrowed from Latin corruptiō, corruptiōnem.


jardin

jardin oblique singular, m (oblique plural jardins, nominative singular jardins, nominative plural jardin)

jardin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jardins (oblique plural)
jardins (nominative singular)
jardin (nominative plural)


message

message oblique singular, m (oblique plural messages, nominative singular messages, nominative plural message)

message oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
messages (oblique plural)
messages (nominative singular)
message (nominative plural)

Middle French: message

desctree

French: message
Haitian Creole: mesaj
→ Albanian: mesazh
→ Moroccan Arabic: ميساج (mesaž)
→ Romanian: mesaj
→ Turkish: mesaj
→ Azerbaijani: mesaj

Walloon: messaedje

Norman: m'sage

→ Galician: mensaxe

→ Italian: messaggio

→ Middle English: message

→ English: message

→ Piedmontese: messagi

→ Portuguese: mensagem

→ Scots: message

→ Spanish: mensaje

Inherited from Late Latin missāticum, derived from Latin mittere (“send”).


intelligence

fro-noun

intelligence oblique singular, f (oblique plural intelligences, nominative singular intelligence, nominative plural intelligences)

intelligence oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
intelligences (oblique plural)
intelligence (nominative singular)
intelligences (nominative plural)

French: intelligence

desctree

→ Middle English: intelligence, intelligens
English: intelligence
Yola: tellgence, talligence


loi

fro-noun

loi oblique singular, f (oblique plural lois, nominative singular loi, nominative plural lois)

loi oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
lois (oblique plural)
loi (nominative singular)
lois (nominative plural)

Middle French: loy

French: loi

Norman: louai

Walloon: lwè

From earlier lei, from Latin lēgem, accusative singular of lēx.

La loi que tu nous as aprise


porre

porre oblique singular, m (oblique plural porres, nominative singular porres, nominative plural porre)

porre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
porres (oblique plural)
porres (nominative singular)
porre (nominative plural)


beauté

beauté oblique singular, f (oblique plural beautez, nominative singular beauté, nominative plural beautez)

beauté oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
beautez (oblique plural)
beauté (nominative singular)
beautez (nominative plural)


raisin

raisin oblique singular, m (oblique plural raisins, nominative singular raisins, nominative plural raisin)

raisin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
raisins (oblique plural)
raisins (nominative singular)
raisin (nominative plural)

French: raisin

Norman: raisin, rouaisin

desc

Picard: rosin, reusin, rojin, roisin, rouaisin

Walloon: reujin, rouaijin, roijin

→ Middle Dutch: rosine

Dutch: rozijn

→ Middle High German: rosīn

desctree

German: Rosine
→ Polish: rodzynka
→ Kashubian: rozina
→ Czech: rozinka, ⇒ hrozinka (contaminated with hrozen)
⇒ Slovak: hrozienko (contaminated with hrozno)

→ Middle Low German: rosīne

→ Danish: rosin

→ Middle English: raysyn, raycin, reyson, reysyn, rasyn, rayson, resyn, reyseyn, raysing, racine, resonne, reysynge
English: raisin
→ Japanese: レーズン (rēzun)
Scots: raisin, reasin

→ Middle Irish: [Term?]

Irish: rísín

→ Middle Welsh: [Term?]

Welsh: rhesin

→? Old Norse: rúsína

Icelandic: rúsína

Swedish: russin

→ Finnish: rusina

→ Sicilian: racina

From Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus.


honor

fro-noun

honor oblique singular, m (oblique plural honors, nominative singular honors, nominative plural honor)

honor oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
honors (oblique plural)
honors (nominative singular)
honor (nominative plural)

→ English: honor, honour

Middle French: honneur

French: honneur

→ Middle Irish: onóir, anóir

Irish: onóir

Scottish Gaelic: onoir


veritable

head

veritable m (oblique and nominative feminine singular veritable)

veritable (feminine nominative oblique singular)

desctree

Middle French: veritable
→ English: veritable
French: véritable

Borrowed from Latin veritabilis. See also Catalan veritable.

Li rois respont: "N'est mie fable,
Ceste parole est veritable:

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

The king responded "it's not a fairytale
this story is true["]


masculin

head

masculin m (oblique and nominative feminine singular masculine)

masculine (feminine nominative oblique singular)


masculin

fro-noun

masculin oblique singular, m (oblique plural masculins, nominative singular masculins, nominative plural masculin)

masculin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
masculins (oblique plural)
masculins (nominative singular)
masculin (nominative plural)

Mais cy endroit il fault scavoir que chescun adjectif de femenyn genre doit finir (ou) en un e, et (c'est) quant son masculin fine en e, …

E. Stengel (editor), Die ältesten Anleitungsschriften zur Erlernung der französischen Sprache, in: Zeitschrift für neufranzösische Sprache und Litteratur, vol. I, 1879, p. 29


deus

Middle French: deux
French: deux

Norman: deux

→ English: deuce

From Latin duos, duas, the masculine and feminine accusative singulars of duō. The nominative form dui come from plural Vulgar Latin *duī, altered from duō under analogy with forms like duae.


pension

pension oblique singular, f (oblique plural pensions, nominative singular pension, nominative plural pensions)

pension oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
pensions (oblique plural)
pension (nominative singular)
pensions (nominative plural)


lait

lait oblique singular, m (oblique plural laiz or laitz, nominative singular laiz or laitz, nominative plural lait)

lait oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
laiz (oblique plural)
laitz (oblique plural)
laiz (nominative singular)
laitz (nominative singular)
lait (nominative plural)

French: lait ⇒ laiteron

Haitian Creole: lèt

Norman: lait

⇒ Walloon: laecea

milk (white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals)


lait

head

lait m (oblique and nominative feminine singular laide)

laide (feminine nominative oblique singular)
laits (masculine singular subjective)
laiz (masculine singular subjective)
lais (masculine singular subjective)
laide (feminine singular subjective)
lait (neuter singular subjective)
lait (masculine oblique singular)
laide (feminine oblique singular)
lait (neuter oblique singular)
laide (oblique singular)
lait (oblique singular)
lait (masculine plural subjective)
laides (feminine plural subjective)
lait (neuter plural subjective)
lait (plural subjective)
laits (masculine oblique plural)
laiz (masculine oblique plural)
lais (masculine oblique plural)
laides (feminine oblique plural)
lait (neuter oblique plural)
laides (oblique plural)
lait (oblique plural)

Middle French: laid
French: laid

Norman: laid (Jèrriais)

Picard: léd (Athois), laizou (Ch'ti)

desc

Walloon: léd (Charleroi), laîd (Forrières), lêd (Liégeois)

→ Italian: laido

→ Old Spanish: laido

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: laido

Galician: laido

→ Sicilian: làitu, ladiu

Thought to be of Germanic origin; see Modern French laid.


lait

fro-noun

lait oblique singular, m (nominative singular laiz or laitz)

lait oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
laiz (nominative singular)
laitz (nominative singular)


lait

third-person singular present indicative of laire


mon

French: mon

From Vulgar Latin, Late Latin mum, a reduced variant of Latin meum, nominative neuter singular of meus.

meon

very early Old French; Oaths of Strasbourg


qui

Middle French: qui

French: qui

Norman: tchi

Li boins roys Artus de Bretaigne,
La qui proeche nous ensengne

c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion, lines 1–2:

The good king Arthur of Britain
Who teaches us valiance


multitude

multitude oblique singular, f (oblique plural multitudes, nominative singular multitude, nominative plural multitudes)

multitude oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
multitudes (oblique plural)
multitude (nominative singular)
multitudes (nominative plural)

English: multitude

French: multitude

Borrowed from Latin multitūdō (“great amount or number of people or things”), from multus (“many; much”) + -tūdō (suffix forming abstract nouns indicating a state or condition).


item

Middle French: item

French: item


carpenter

fro-noun

carpenter oblique singular, m (oblique plural carpenters, nominative singular carpenters, nominative plural carpenter)

carpenter oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
carpenters (oblique plural)
carpenters (nominative singular)
carpenter (nominative plural)

Maçons fist querre et carpenters
Si fist refaire les mousters

He searched for masons and carpenters
in order to rebuild the minsters.


voile

voile oblique singular, f (oblique plural voiles, nominative singular voile, nominative plural voiles)

voile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
voiles (oblique plural)
voile (nominative singular)
voiles (nominative plural)

French: voile

Norman: vaile

From Vulgar Latin *vēla, from the plural of vēlum.

sail (large piece of fabric attached to the mast of a watercraft)


mortel

head

mortel m (oblique and nominative feminine singular mortele)

mortele (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Si diable seust que Dés hom mortel fust

c. 1120, Philippe de Taon, Bestiaire, line 92:

If the Devil knew that God made man mortal


cloche

fro-noun

cloche oblique singular, f (oblique plural cloches, nominative singular cloche, nominative plural cloches)

cloche oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
cloches (oblique plural)
cloche (nominative singular)
cloches (nominative plural)

Medieval Latin clocca, probably from Celtic, compare Old Irish clocc, Welsh cloch, Manx clagg, all from Proto-Celtic *klokkos; ultimately imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative

bell (metal apparatus used to produce sound)


variant

head

variant m (oblique and nominative feminine singular variant or variante)

variant (feminine nominative oblique singular)
variante (feminine nominative oblique singular)

→ English: variant

French: variant


fel

From Early Medieval Latin fellō. The oblique case felon comes from the accusative fellōnem.


fel

→ Middle Dutch: fel

Dutch: fel

→ Middle English: fel, fell (or from Old English)

English: fell


obeïssance

fro-noun

obeïssance oblique singular, f (oblique plural obeïssances, nominative singular obeïssance, nominative plural obeïssances)

obeïssance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
obeïssances (oblique plural)
obeïssance (nominative singular)
obeïssances (nominative plural)


obeissant

head

obeissant m (oblique and nominative feminine singular obeissant or obeissante)

obeissant (feminine nominative oblique singular)
obeissante (feminine nominative oblique singular)
obeissanz (masculine singular subjective)
obeissante (feminine singular subjective)
obeissant (neuter singular subjective)
obeissant (masculine oblique singular)
obeissante (feminine oblique singular)
obeissant (neuter oblique singular)
obeissante (oblique singular)
obeissant (oblique singular)
obeissant (masculine plural subjective)
obeissantes (feminine plural subjective)
obeissant (neuter plural subjective)
obeissant (plural subjective)
obeissanz (masculine oblique plural)
obeissantes (feminine oblique plural)
obeissant (neuter oblique plural)
obeissantes (oblique plural)
obeissant (oblique plural)

French: obéissant


siut

third-person singular present indicative of siure


loupe

fro-noun

loupe oblique singular, f (oblique plural loupes, nominative singular loupe, nominative plural loupes)

loupe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
loupes (oblique plural)
loupe (nominative singular)
loupes (nominative plural)

desctree

French: loupe
→ Catalan: lupa
→ Danish: lup
→ Dutch: loep
→ Indonesian: lup
→ English: loupe
→ Finnish: luppi
→ German: Lupe
Japanese: ルーペ (rūpe)
Korean: 루페 (rupe)
→ Luxembourgish: Lupp
→ Polish: lupa
→ Portuguese: lupa
→ Romanian: lupă
→ Russian: лу́па (lúpa)
→ Spanish: lupa
→ Basque: lupa
→ Swedish: lupp
→ Vietnamese: kính lúp


chisel

fro-noun

chisel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chiseaus or chiseax or chisiaus or chisiax or chisels, nominative singular chiseaus or chiseax or chisiaus or chisiax or chisels, nominative plural chisel)

chisel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chiseaus (oblique plural)
chiseax (oblique plural)
chisiaus (oblique plural)
chisiax (oblique plural)
chisels (oblique plural)
chiseaus (nominative singular)
chiseax (nominative singular)
chisiaus (nominative singular)
chisiax (nominative singular)
chisels (nominative singular)
chisel (nominative plural)

(Old Northern French) Alternative form of cisel


lesser

lesser (infinitive)
avoir lessé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en lessant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
lessant (participle present)
lessé (participle past)
les (first-person indicative present singular)
lesses (indicative present second-person singular)
lesse (indicative present singular third-person)
lessons (first-person indicative plural present)
lessez (indicative plural present second-person)
lessent (indicative plural present third-person)
lessoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lesseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lessoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lesseve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lessoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lesseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lessoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lesseves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lessoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lesseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lessot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lesseve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lessiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lessiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lessiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lessiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lessoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lesseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lessoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lessevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lessai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
lessas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
lessa (indicative preterite singular third-person)
lessames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
lessastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
lesserent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
lesserai (first-person future indicative singular)
lesseras (future indicative second-person singular)
lessera (future indicative singular third-person)
lesserons (first-person future indicative plural)
lesseroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
lessereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
lesserez (future indicative plural second-person)
lesseront (future indicative plural third-person)
lesseroie (conditional first-person singular)
lessereie (conditional first-person singular)
lesseroies (conditional second-person singular)
lessereies (conditional second-person singular)
lesseroit (conditional singular third-person)
lessereit (conditional singular third-person)
lesseriiens (conditional first-person plural)
lesseriens (conditional first-person plural)
lesseriiez (conditional plural second-person)
lesseriez (conditional plural second-person)
lesseroient (conditional plural third-person)
lessereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
les (first-person present singular subjunctive)
les (present second-person singular subjunctive)
lest (present singular subjunctive third-person)
lessons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
lessez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
lessent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
lessasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
lessasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lessast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lessissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lessissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lessissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lessissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lessissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lessassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lesse (imperative second-person singular)
les (imperative second-person singular)
lessons (first-person imperative plural)
lessez (imperative plural second-person)


clamour

clamour oblique singular, f (oblique plural clamours, nominative singular clamour, nominative plural clamours)

clamour oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
clamours (oblique plural)
clamour (nominative singular)
clamours (nominative plural)

querele oie ne pleinte ne clamour


roi

roi oblique singular, m (oblique plural rois, nominative singular rois, nominative plural roi)

roi oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
rois (oblique plural)
rois (nominative singular)
roi (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: roy
French: roi
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa

Norman:

Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey

Guernsey: ré, roué

Jersey: rouai

Sark: rwe

Walloon: roy, rwè

→ Middle English: roy, roye

English: roy

rai

Le Roman de Tristan, Thomas d'Angleterre


ester

fro-conj-i

This verb is highly irregular.

ester (infinitive)
avoir esté (infinitive multiword-construction)
esteü (infinitive multiword-construction)
en estant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
estant (participle present)
esté (participle past)
esteü (participle past)
estois (first-person indicative present singular)
estas (indicative present second-person singular)
estais (indicative present second-person singular)
esta (indicative present singular third-person)
estait (indicative present singular third-person)
estons (first-person indicative plural present)
estez (indicative plural present second-person)
estont (indicative plural present third-person)
estoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
esteie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
estoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
esteve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
estoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
esteies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
estoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
esteves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
estoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
esteit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
estot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
esteve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
estiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
estiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
estiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
estiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
estoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
esteient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
estoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
estevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
estui (first-person indicative preterite singular)
estai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
esteüs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
estas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
estut (indicative preterite singular third-person)
esta (indicative preterite singular third-person)
esteümes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
estames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
esteüstes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
estastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
esturent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
esterent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
esterai (first-person future indicative singular)
esteras (future indicative second-person singular)
estera (future indicative singular third-person)
esterons (first-person future indicative plural)
esteroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
estereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
esterez (future indicative plural second-person)
esteront (future indicative plural third-person)
esteroie (conditional first-person singular)
estereie (conditional first-person singular)
esteroies (conditional second-person singular)
estereies (conditional second-person singular)
esteroit (conditional singular third-person)
estereit (conditional singular third-person)
esteriiens (conditional first-person plural)
esteriens (conditional first-person plural)
esteriiez (conditional plural second-person)
esteriez (conditional plural second-person)
esteroient (conditional plural third-person)
estereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
estoise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
estace (first-person present singular subjunctive)
estoises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
estaces (present second-person singular subjunctive)
estoise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
estoist (present singular subjunctive third-person)
estace (present singular subjunctive third-person)
estons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
estez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
estoisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
estacent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
esteüsse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
estasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
esteüsses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
estasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
esteüst (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
estast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
esteüssons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
esteüssiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
estissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
estissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
esteüssoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
esteüssez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
esteüssiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
estissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
estissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
estissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
esteüssent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
estassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
esta (imperative second-person singular)
estons (first-person imperative plural)
estez (imperative plural second-person)

Middle French: ester

From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin estō, from Latin stō. Forms in -ac- and -ui/-eü-/-i- originates from Vulgar Latin *statiō, *stūtum (perfect *stuī), all are from statum. The indicative present forms bear similarities with endings of the suppletive verb aler and must have contained from vois, the origin of -ois in estois and other forms, however, are unclear (see also Modern French vais).
Compare with estre, whose later merged and resulting some forms reflecting the forms of ester.


isle

fro-noun

isle oblique singular, f (oblique plural isles, nominative singular isle, nominative plural isles)

isle oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
isles (oblique plural)
isle (nominative singular)
isles (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: isle
French: île (see there for further descendants)

Norman: île

Walloon: iye

→ Middle English: yle, ile
English: isle

From Vulgar Latin *isula, from Latin insula.


Oliver

a male given name, equivalent to English Oliver


noble

head

noble m (oblique and nominative feminine singular noble)

noble (feminine nominative oblique singular)


movement

fro-noun

movement oblique singular, m (oblique plural movemenz or movementz, nominative singular movemenz or movementz, nominative plural movement)

movement oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
movemenz (oblique plural)
movementz (oblique plural)
movemenz (nominative singular)
movementz (nominative singular)
movement (nominative plural)

English: movement

Middle French: movement, mouvement

French: mouvement

movoir + -ment; cf. also Medieval Latin mōvimentum (itself probably partly based on the Old French or other early Romance cognates), from Latin moveō.


ki

ki trop i prent son tens i pert

13th century, Unknown, La Vie de Saint Laurent, page 1, column 2, line 16:

He who spends too much of his time on it suffers as a result

m'est une anguisse el quer ferue, ki tut le cors me fet trembler

Such a pain has pierced my heart, that makes my whole body quiver

Cil sunt vassal ki les oz ajusterent.

10th century, Turold, La Chanson de Roland, page CCLVIII https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Chanson_de_Roland/Raoul_Mortier:

Great was the courage of the ones who joined these two armies in battle


horror

horror oblique singular, f (oblique plural horrors, nominative singular horror, nominative plural horrors)

horror oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
horrors (oblique plural)
horror (nominative singular)
horrors (nominative plural)

English: horror

Middle French: horreur

French: horreur


poser

poser (infinitive)
avoir posé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en posant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
posant (participle present)
posé (participle past)
pos (first-person indicative present singular)
poses (indicative present second-person singular)
pose (indicative present singular third-person)
posons (first-person indicative plural present)
posez (indicative plural present second-person)
posent (indicative plural present third-person)
posoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
poseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
posoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
poseve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
posoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
poseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
posoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
poseves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
posoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
poseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
posot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
poseve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
posiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
posiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
posiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
posiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
posoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
poseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
posoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
posevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
posai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
posas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
posa (indicative preterite singular third-person)
posames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
posastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
poserent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
poserai (first-person future indicative singular)
poseras (future indicative second-person singular)
posera (future indicative singular third-person)
poserons (first-person future indicative plural)
poseroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
posereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
poserez (future indicative plural second-person)
poseront (future indicative plural third-person)
poseroie (conditional first-person singular)
posereie (conditional first-person singular)
poseroies (conditional second-person singular)
posereies (conditional second-person singular)
poseroit (conditional singular third-person)
posereit (conditional singular third-person)
poseriiens (conditional first-person plural)
poseriens (conditional first-person plural)
poseriiez (conditional plural second-person)
poseriez (conditional plural second-person)
poseroient (conditional plural third-person)
posereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
pos (first-person present singular subjunctive)
pos (present second-person singular subjunctive)
post (present singular subjunctive third-person)
posons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
posez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
posent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
posasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
posasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
posast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
posissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
posissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
posissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
posissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
posissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
posassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pose (imperative second-person singular)
posons (first-person imperative plural)
posez (imperative plural second-person)

English: pose

French: poser

From Vulgar Latin pausō, pausāre, influenced by Latin pōnō.

ses meins desus lui posa


cristal

cristal oblique singular, m (oblique plural cristaus or cristax or cristals, nominative singular cristaus or cristax or cristals, nominative plural cristal)

cristal oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cristaus (oblique plural)
cristax (oblique plural)
cristals (oblique plural)
cristaus (nominative singular)
cristax (nominative singular)
cristals (nominative singular)
cristal (nominative plural)

Middle French: cristal

desctree

French: cristal
→ Romanian: cristal
→ Turkish: kristal

→ Middle Dutch: cristal, kerstal

Dutch: kristal
Afrikaans: kristal
→ Indonesian: kristal


tref

fro-noun

tref oblique singular, m (oblique plural tres, nominative singular tres, nominative plural tref)

tref oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tres (oblique plural)
tres (nominative singular)
tref (nominative plural)

→ Galician: treu

Middle French: tref

Inherited from Latin trabem, accusative of trabs.

tent, temporary hut or other similar building


anguille

anguille oblique singular, f (oblique plural anguilles, nominative singular anguille, nominative plural anguilles)

anguille oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
anguilles (oblique plural)
anguille (nominative singular)
anguilles (nominative plural)

French: anguille


issue

feminine singular of the past participle of issir


issue

issue oblique singular, f (oblique plural issues, nominative singular issue, nominative plural issues)

issue oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
issues (oblique plural)
issue (nominative singular)
issues (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: yssue, issue
French: issue

→ Middle English: issue, essu, ischewe, isseu, issew, issheu, isshewe, isshue, issieu, issu, issuwe, issw, isswe, uschew, usshew, usshewe, ussu, ussue, yschue, ysseu, yssew, yssue, ysue
English: issue


acier

fro-noun

acier oblique singular, m (nominative singular aciers)

acier oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
aciers (nominative singular)

Bourguignon: aicié

Franc-Comtois: aci, aici

Middle French: acier, achier

desctree

French: acier
Haitian Creole: asye
→ Interlingua: aciero

Lorrain: ècer

Norman: achier

Norman: acyi (Jersey)

Poitevin-Saintongeais: açàe

Walloon: acî

From Late Latin aciārium, from Latin acies.

Mainz cos des aciers poitevins

(by extension) a weapon made of steel; chiefly a sword


ancre

fro-noun

ancre oblique singular, f (oblique plural ancres, nominative singular ancre, nominative plural ancres)

ancre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ancres (oblique plural)
ancre (nominative singular)
ancres (nominative plural)

French: ancre

Norman: ancre (Jersey)


role

role oblique singular, m (oblique plural roles, nominative singular roles, nominative plural role)

role oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
roles (oblique plural)
roles (nominative singular)
role (nominative plural)

→ English: roll

French: rôle

→ English: role


sui

From Latin sum (“I am”), influenced by fuī (“I was”) through the -ui.

first-person singular present indicative of estre


abile

head

abile m (oblique and nominative feminine singular abile)

abile (feminine nominative oblique singular)


chapel

fro-noun

chapel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chapeaus or chapeax or chapiaus or chapiax or chapels, nominative singular chapeaus or chapeax or chapiaus or chapiax or chapels, nominative plural chapel)

chapel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chapeaus (oblique plural)
chapeax (oblique plural)
chapiaus (oblique plural)
chapiax (oblique plural)
chapels (oblique plural)
chapeaus (nominative singular)
chapeax (nominative singular)
chapiaus (nominative singular)
chapiax (nominative singular)
chapels (nominative singular)
chapel (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: chaipeâ

Champenois: chaipé, chaipiau

Gallo: chapai

desctree

Middle French: chappeau
French: chapeau (see there for further descendants)
→ English: chapeau

Norman: capé, chapé

Picard: capieu

Walloon: tchapea

From Early Medieval Latin cappellus, diminutive from Late Latin cappa.

hat (item of clothing used to cover the head)


aile

fro-noun

aile oblique singular, f (oblique plural ailes, nominative singular aile, nominative plural ailes)

aile oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ailes (oblique plural)
aile (nominative singular)
ailes (nominative plural)

desctree

Middle French: aisle f
French: aile f
→ Middle English: ele
English: aisle

wing (anatomical structure of flying animals)


plantain

fro-noun

plantain oblique singular, m (oblique plural plantainz, nominative singular plantainz, nominative plural plantain)

plantain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plantainz (oblique plural)
plantainz (nominative singular)
plantain (nominative plural)

English: plantain

French: plantain


cordon

cordon oblique singular, m (oblique plural cordons, nominative singular cordons, nominative plural cordon)

cordon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
cordons (oblique plural)
cordons (nominative singular)
cordon (nominative plural)

Middle French: cordon

desctree

French: cordon
→ Dutch: kordon
Sranan Tongo: krodon
→ German: Kordon
→ Ottoman Turkish: قوردون
Turkish: kordon
→ Polish: kordon
→ Russian: кордо́н (kordón)
→ Ukrainian: кордо́н (kordón)
→ Portuguese: cordão
→ Romanian: cordon
→ Spanish: cordón

→ Middle English: cordon

English: cordon

corde (“rope”) + -on (diminutive suffix)


regal

head

regal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular regale)

regale (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: regal

→ Middle English: regal

English: regal

Borrowed from Latin rēgālem. Doublet of roial, which was inherited.


vigour

fro-noun

vigour oblique singular, m (oblique plural vigours, nominative singular vigours, nominative plural vigour)

vigour oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vigours (oblique plural)
vigours (nominative singular)
vigour (nominative plural)


lintel

lintel oblique singular, m (oblique plural linteaus or linteax or lintiaus or lintiax or lintels, nominative singular linteaus or linteax or lintiaus or lintiax or lintels, nominative plural lintel)

lintel oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
linteaus (oblique plural)
linteax (oblique plural)
lintiaus (oblique plural)
lintiax (oblique plural)
lintels (oblique plural)
linteaus (nominative singular)
linteax (nominative singular)
lintiaus (nominative singular)
lintiax (nominative singular)
lintels (nominative singular)
lintel (nominative plural)

French: linteau

→ Middle English: lintel

English: lintel

→ Portuguese: lintel, dintel

→ Spanish: lintel, dintel


plain

French: plein

De tant come ele l'ot veü,
Que plains estoit de felenie.


plain

plain oblique singular, m (oblique plural plainz, nominative singular plainz, nominative plural plain)

plain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
plainz (oblique plural)
plainz (nominative singular)
plain (nominative plural)

→ Dutch: plein

→ Middle English:

English: plain

Scots: plain

From Latin plānum (“level ground, a plain”), neuter substantive from plānus (“level, even, flat”).


plain

head

plain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular plaine)

plaine (feminine nominative oblique singular)

From Latin plānus (“level, even, flat”).


confusion

fro-noun

confusion oblique singular, f (oblique plural confusions, nominative singular confusion, nominative plural confusions)

confusion oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
confusions (oblique plural)
confusion (nominative singular)
confusions (nominative plural)

English: confusion

Middle French: confusion

French: confusion

Borrowed from Latin confusio, confusionem.


dresser

dresser (infinitive)
avoir dressé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en dressant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
dressant (participle present)
dressé (participle past)
dres (first-person indicative present singular)
dresses (indicative present second-person singular)
dresse (indicative present singular third-person)
dressons (first-person indicative plural present)
dressez (indicative plural present second-person)
dressent (indicative plural present third-person)
dressoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dresseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dressoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dresseve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dressoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dresseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dressoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dresseves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dressoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dresseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dressot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dresseve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dressiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dressiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dressiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dressiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dressoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dresseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dressoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dressevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dressai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
dressas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
dressa (indicative preterite singular third-person)
dressames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
dressastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
dresserent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
dresserai (first-person future indicative singular)
dresseras (future indicative second-person singular)
dressera (future indicative singular third-person)
dresserons (first-person future indicative plural)
dresseroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
dressereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
dresserez (future indicative plural second-person)
dresseront (future indicative plural third-person)
dresseroie (conditional first-person singular)
dressereie (conditional first-person singular)
dresseroies (conditional second-person singular)
dressereies (conditional second-person singular)
dresseroit (conditional singular third-person)
dressereit (conditional singular third-person)
dresseriiens (conditional first-person plural)
dresseriens (conditional first-person plural)
dresseriiez (conditional plural second-person)
dresseriez (conditional plural second-person)
dresseroient (conditional plural third-person)
dressereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
dres (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dres (present second-person singular subjunctive)
drest (present singular subjunctive third-person)
dressons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dressez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dressent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
dressasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dressasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dressast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dressissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dressissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dressissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dressissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dressissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dressassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dresse (imperative second-person singular)
dressons (first-person imperative plural)
dressez (imperative plural second-person)


villain

villain oblique singular, m (oblique plural villainz, nominative singular villainz, nominative plural villain)

villain oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
villainz (oblique plural)
villainz (nominative singular)
villain (nominative plural)


plus

French: plus

Norman: pus (Jersey)


vendre

vendre (infinitive)
avoir vendu (infinitive multiword-construction)
en vendant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
vendant (participle present)
vendu (participle past)
vent (first-person indicative present singular)
venz (indicative present second-person singular)
vent (indicative present singular third-person)
vendons (first-person indicative plural present)
vendez (indicative plural present second-person)
vendent (indicative plural present third-person)
vendoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vendeie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vendoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vendeies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vendoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vendeit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vendiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vendiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vendiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vendiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vendoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vendeient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vendi (first-person indicative preterite singular)
vendis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
vendié (indicative preterite singular third-person)
vendimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
vendistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
vendierent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
vendrai (first-person future indicative singular)
vendras (future indicative second-person singular)
vendra (future indicative singular third-person)
vendrons (first-person future indicative plural)
vendroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
vendreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
vendrez (future indicative plural second-person)
vendront (future indicative plural third-person)
vendroie (conditional first-person singular)
vendreie (conditional first-person singular)
vendroies (conditional second-person singular)
vendreies (conditional second-person singular)
vendroit (conditional singular third-person)
vendreit (conditional singular third-person)
vendriiens (conditional first-person plural)
vendriens (conditional first-person plural)
vendriiez (conditional plural second-person)
vendriez (conditional plural second-person)
vendroient (conditional plural third-person)
vendreient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
vende (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vendes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
vende (present singular subjunctive third-person)
vendons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vendez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vendent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
vendisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
vendisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vendist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vendissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vendissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vendissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vendissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vendissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vendissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vent (imperative second-person singular)
vendons (first-person imperative plural)
vendez (imperative plural second-person)

French: vendre

Dutch: vendu

→ English: vendue

Norman: vendre

Walloon: vinde


finir

finir (infinitive)
avoir fini (infinitive multiword-construction)
en finissant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
finissant (participle present)
fini (participle past)
finis (first-person indicative present singular)
finis (indicative present second-person singular)
finist (indicative present singular third-person)
finissons (first-person indicative plural present)
finissez (indicative plural present second-person)
finissent (indicative plural present third-person)
finissoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
finisseie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
finissoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
finisseies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
finissoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
finisseit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
finissiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
finissiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
finissiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
finissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
finissoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
finisseient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fini (first-person indicative preterite singular)
finis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
fini (indicative preterite singular third-person)
finimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
finistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
finirent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
finirai (first-person future indicative singular)
finiras (future indicative second-person singular)
finira (future indicative singular third-person)
finirons (first-person future indicative plural)
finiroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
finireiz (future indicative plural second-person)
finirez (future indicative plural second-person)
finiront (future indicative plural third-person)
finiroie (conditional first-person singular)
finireie (conditional first-person singular)
finiroies (conditional second-person singular)
finireies (conditional second-person singular)
finiroit (conditional singular third-person)
finireit (conditional singular third-person)
finiriiens (conditional first-person plural)
finiriens (conditional first-person plural)
finiriiez (conditional plural second-person)
finiriez (conditional plural second-person)
finiroient (conditional plural third-person)
finireient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
finisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
finisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
finisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
finissons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
finissez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
finissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
finisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
finisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
finist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
finissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
finissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
finissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
finissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
finissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
finissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
finis (imperative second-person singular)
finissons (first-person imperative plural)
finissez (imperative plural second-person)


parler

parler (infinitive)
avoir parlé (infinitive multiword-construction)
en parlant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
parlant (participle present)
parlé (participle past)
parol (first-person indicative present singular)
paroles (indicative present second-person singular)
parole (indicative present singular third-person)
parlons (first-person indicative plural present)
parlez (indicative plural present second-person)
parolent (indicative plural present third-person)
parloie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parleie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parloe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parleve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parloies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parleies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parloes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parleves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parloit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parleit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parlot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parleve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parliiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
parliens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
parliiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
parliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
parloient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parleient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parloent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parlevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parlai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
parlas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
parla (indicative preterite singular third-person)
parlames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
parlastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
parlerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
parlerai (first-person future indicative singular)
parleras (future indicative second-person singular)
parlera (future indicative singular third-person)
parlerons (first-person future indicative plural)
parleroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
parlereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
parlerez (future indicative plural second-person)
parleront (future indicative plural third-person)
parleroie (conditional first-person singular)
parlereie (conditional first-person singular)
parleroies (conditional second-person singular)
parlereies (conditional second-person singular)
parleroit (conditional singular third-person)
parlereit (conditional singular third-person)
parleriiens (conditional first-person plural)
parleriens (conditional first-person plural)
parleriiez (conditional plural second-person)
parleriez (conditional plural second-person)
parleroient (conditional plural third-person)
parlereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
parol (first-person present singular subjunctive)
parous (present second-person singular subjunctive)
parout (present singular subjunctive third-person)
parlons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
parlez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
parolent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
parlasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
parlasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
parlast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
parlissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
parlissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
parlissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
parlissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
parlissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
parlassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
parole (imperative second-person singular)
parlons (first-person imperative plural)
parlez (imperative plural second-person)

Bourguignon: pairôlai

Gallo: paslaer

Middle French: parler (see there for further descendants)

Norman: pâler, parlaïr (Guernsey)

Picard: parler

→ Middle English: parlen, parlai

English: parle, parley


fort

head

fort m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fort or forte)

fort (feminine nominative oblique singular)
forte (feminine nominative oblique singular)
forz (masculine singular subjective)
fort (later forte) (feminine singular subjective)
fort (neuter singular subjective)
fort (masculine oblique singular)
fort (later forte) (feminine oblique singular)
fort (neuter oblique singular)
fort (later forte) (oblique singular)
fort (oblique singular)
fort (masculine plural subjective)
forz (later fortes) (feminine plural subjective)
fort (neuter plural subjective)
fort (plural subjective)
forz (masculine oblique plural)
forz (later fortes) (feminine oblique plural)
fort (neuter oblique plural)
forz (later fortes) (oblique plural)
fort (oblique plural)

La nef ert fort e belle e grande,
bone cum cele k'ert markande.
De plusurs mers chargee esteit,
en Engleterre curre devait.

late 12th century, anonymous author, “La Folie de Tristan d'Oxford”, in Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 354, lines 67–70:

The ship was strong and beautiful and big,
good like a merchant's ship
loaded with lots of different type of merchandise
ready to set sail to England.


fort

→ English: fort

Middle French: fort

French: fort


profound

profound m (oblique and nominative feminine singular profounde)

profounde (feminine nominative oblique singular)

(late Anglo-Norman) Alternative spelling of profont


officer

fro-noun

officer oblique singular, m (oblique plural officers, nominative singular officers, nominative plural officer)

officer oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
officers (oblique plural)
officers (nominative singular)
officer (nominative plural)


devenir

devenir (infinitive)
avoir devenu (infinitive multiword-construction)
en devenant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
devenant (participle present)
devenu (participle past)
devieng (first-person indicative present singular)
devien (first-person indicative present singular)
deviens (indicative present second-person singular)
devient (indicative present singular third-person)
devenons (first-person indicative plural present)
devenez (indicative plural present second-person)
devienent (indicative plural present third-person)
devenoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
deveneie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
devenoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
deveneies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
devenoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deveneit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deveniiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deveniens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deveniiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
deveniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
devenoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
deveneient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
devin (first-person indicative preterite singular)
devenis (indicative preterite second-person singular)
devint (indicative preterite singular third-person)
devenimes (first-person indicative plural preterite)
devenistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
devindrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
devinrent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
devendrai (first-person future indicative singular)
devendras (future indicative second-person singular)
devendra (future indicative singular third-person)
devendrons (first-person future indicative plural)
devendroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
devendreiz (future indicative plural second-person)
devendrez (future indicative plural second-person)
devendront (future indicative plural third-person)
devendroie (conditional first-person singular)
devendreie (conditional first-person singular)
devendroies (conditional second-person singular)
devendreies (conditional second-person singular)
devendroit (conditional singular third-person)
devendreit (conditional singular third-person)
devendriiens (conditional first-person plural)
devendriens (conditional first-person plural)
devendriiez (conditional plural second-person)
devendriez (conditional plural second-person)
devendroient (conditional plural third-person)
devendreient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
deviegne (first-person present singular subjunctive)
deviegnes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
deviegne (present singular subjunctive third-person)
deviegniens (first-person plural present subjunctive)
deviegnons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
deviegniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
deviegnent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
devenisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
devenisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
devenist (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
devenissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
devenissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
devenissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
devenissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
devenissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
devenissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
devien (imperative second-person singular)
devenons (first-person imperative plural)
devenez (imperative plural second-person)

French: devenir

First known attestation circa 980 as devenguz (nominative masculine singular past participle form). From Latin devenīre, present active infinitive of deveniō.

Chevaliers bels e genz devint.

He turned into a handsome, noble knight.


chemin

chemin oblique singular, m (oblique plural chemins, nominative singular chemins, nominative plural chemin)

chemin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
chemins (oblique plural)
chemins (nominative singular)
chemin (nominative plural)

Middle French: chemin
French: chemin

desc

Norman: ch'min (Guernsey), c'mîn (Jersey), quémîn

Walloon: tchimin

From Vulgar Latin, Late Latin cammīnus, from Gaulish.


corner

corner (infinitive)
avoir corné (infinitive multiword-construction)
en cornant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
cornant (participle present)
corné (participle past)
corn (first-person indicative present singular)
cornes (indicative present second-person singular)
corne (indicative present singular third-person)
cornons (first-person indicative plural present)
cornez (indicative plural present second-person)
cornent (indicative plural present third-person)
cornoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
corneie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cornoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
corneve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cornoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
corneies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cornoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
corneves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cornoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
corneit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cornot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
corneve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
corniiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
corniens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
corniiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
corniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
cornoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
corneient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cornoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cornevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cornai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
cornas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
corna (indicative preterite singular third-person)
cornames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
cornastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
cornerent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
cornerai (first-person future indicative singular)
corneras (future indicative second-person singular)
cornera (future indicative singular third-person)
cornerons (first-person future indicative plural)
corneroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
cornereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
cornerez (future indicative plural second-person)
corneront (future indicative plural third-person)
corneroie (conditional first-person singular)
cornereie (conditional first-person singular)
corneroies (conditional second-person singular)
cornereies (conditional second-person singular)
corneroit (conditional singular third-person)
cornereit (conditional singular third-person)
corneriiens (conditional first-person plural)
corneriens (conditional first-person plural)
corneriiez (conditional plural second-person)
corneriez (conditional plural second-person)
corneroient (conditional plural third-person)
cornereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
corn (first-person present singular subjunctive)
corz (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cort (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cornons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cornez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cornent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cornasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
cornasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
cornast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
cornissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
cornissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
cornissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cornissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cornissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cornassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
corne (imperative second-person singular)
cornons (first-person imperative plural)
cornez (imperative plural second-person)


oignon

fro-noun

oignon oblique singular, m (oblique plural oignons, nominative singular oignons, nominative plural oignon)

oignon oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oignons (oblique plural)
oignons (nominative singular)
oignon (nominative plural)

Angevin: ognon, ugnon

⇒ Bourbonnais-Berrichon: ognounet

Bourguignon: ougnion

desc

Champenois: ègnon, ognon, ongnon, ougnon

Franc-Comtois: agnon, ègnon, onon, ognon, ougnon, ounon

Jurassien Franc-Comtois: oégnon, ouégnon, ouignon

desctree

Middle French: oingnon
French: oignon
Saint Dominican Creole French: z'oignon
Haitian Creole: zonyon
Seychellois Creole: zonyon

Gallo: ongnon

Lorrain: ougnan

Vosgien: ègnon, èyon

Norman: ougnoun, ouongnon

Picard: ongnon

desc

Poitevin-Saintongeais: egnun, ignun, ougnun

Walloon: agnon

→ Middle Breton: oingnon

Breton: ognon

→ Middle Dutch: ayuun, ejuun, oinjun

Dutch: ajuin (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Dutch: uyen

Dutch: ui (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: ooj, un

→ Middle English: onyoun

English: onion (see there for further descendants)

→? Middle Irish: uinniún

Irish: oinniún

→ Welsh: wynwyn


villein

fro-noun

villein oblique singular, m (oblique plural villeinz, nominative singular villeinz, nominative plural villein)

villein oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
villeinz (oblique plural)
villeinz (nominative singular)
villein (nominative plural)


uit

desctree

Middle French: huyct, huict, huit, huyt
French: huit

Norman: huit

Walloon: ût


cinquante

French: cinquante

Norman: chînquante

Walloon: céncwante


brun

head

brun m (oblique and nominative feminine singular brune)

brune (feminine nominative oblique singular)
bruns (masculine singular subjective)
brune (feminine singular subjective)
brun (neuter singular subjective)
brun (masculine oblique singular)
brune (feminine oblique singular)
brun (neuter oblique singular)
brune (oblique singular)
brun (oblique singular)
brun (masculine plural subjective)
brunes (feminine plural subjective)
brun (neuter plural subjective)
brun (plural subjective)
bruns (masculine oblique plural)
brunes (feminine oblique plural)
brun (neuter oblique plural)
brunes (oblique plural)
brun (oblique plural)

Middle French: brun

desctree

French: brun
→ Breton: brun
Louisiana Creole: brun
→ Romanian: brun

Norman: breun, brun (Jersey)

→ Galician: brun (archaic)

From Late Latin brunus (attested in Isidore of Seville), from Frankish *brūn (“brown, dark, shiny”), from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz (“brown”).


brun

fro-noun

brun oblique singular, m (oblique plural bruns, nominative singular bruns, nominative plural brun)

brun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
bruns (oblique plural)
bruns (nominative singular)
brun (nominative plural)
bruns (masculine singular subjective)
brune (feminine singular subjective)
brun (masculine oblique singular)
brune (feminine oblique singular)
brun (masculine plural subjective)
brunes (feminine plural subjective)
bruns (masculine oblique plural)
brunes (feminine oblique plural)


que

Middle French: que

French: que


vengeance

vengeance oblique singular, f (oblique plural vengeances, nominative singular vengeance, nominative plural vengeances)

vengeance oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
vengeances (oblique plural)
vengeance (nominative singular)
vengeances (nominative plural)


halt

head

halt m (oblique and nominative feminine singular halte)

halte (feminine nominative oblique singular)

From a conflation of Frankish *hauh, *hōh (“high, tall, elevated”) and Latin altus (“high, raised, profound”).


halt

Middle French: hault

French: haut


restriction

fro-noun

restriction oblique singular, f (oblique plural restrictions, nominative singular restriction, nominative plural restrictions)

restriction oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
restrictions (oblique plural)
restriction (nominative singular)
restrictions (nominative plural)

English: restriction

French: restriction

Borrowed from Late Latin restrictio, restrictionem, from Latin restringo.


viande

viande oblique singular, f (oblique plural viandes, nominative singular viande, nominative plural viandes)

viande oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
viandes (oblique plural)
viande (nominative singular)
viandes (nominative plural)

→ English: viand

Middle French: viande

French: viande

Norman: viande, viànde

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: vianda

Galician: vianda

From Vulgar Latin *vīvanda, alteration of Latin vīvenda, from the neuter plural form of vīvendus (“which is to be lived”), future passive participle of vīvō, vīvere (“live”, verb).

food (anything which when ingested into the digestive system provides nutrition for the body)

vïande

diaereses not universally used in transcriptions of Old French


forge

forge oblique singular, f (oblique plural forges, nominative singular forge, nominative plural forges)

forge oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
forges (oblique plural)
forge (nominative singular)
forges (nominative plural)

desctree

French: forge
→ Catalan: forja
→ Franco-Provençal: fôrge
→ Galician: forxa
→ Italian: forgia
→ Lombard: fòrgia (or from Franco-Provençal)
→ Piedmontese: fòrgia (or from Franco-Provençal)
→ Portuguese: forja
→ Romanian: forjă
→ Spanish: forja

→ Middle English: forge, fforge
English: forge
Scots: forge


verdict

fro-noun

verdict oblique singular, m (oblique plural verdicz or verdictz, nominative singular verdicz or verdictz, nominative plural verdict)

verdict oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
verdicz (oblique plural)
verdictz (oblique plural)
verdicz (nominative singular)
verdictz (nominative singular)
verdict (nominative plural)


vin

vin oblique singular, m (oblique plural vins, nominative singular vins, nominative plural vin)

vin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vins (oblique plural)
vins (nominative singular)
vin (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: veing

Gallo: vein

desctree

Middle French: vin
French: vin (see there for further descendants)

Norman: vîn (Jersey)

Walloon: vén

From Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom. Cognates include Ancient Greek ϝοῖνος (woînos, Aeolic variant), Ancient Greek οἶνος (oînos), Umbrian 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌖 (vinu). The nominative singular derives from attested Vulgar Latin vīnus.

cog

Par verité
j’ai esprové
qu vin rinois
passent francois

Circa 1250, uncertain composer, Mout sont vallant cil de Gant (motet)

Truly I have found Rhineland wine to surpass both that of France and all the wines of Auxerre.


viscous

head

viscous m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viscouse)

viscouse (feminine nominative oblique singular)

desctree

Middle French: visqueux
French: visqueux
→ English: viscous

Borrowed from Late Latin viscōsus, from Latin viscum.

viscous (of a liquid, thick; tending to flow slowly)


poise

fro-noun

poise oblique singular, f (oblique plural poises, nominative singular poise, nominative plural poises)

poise oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
poises (oblique plural)
poise (nominative singular)
poises (nominative plural)

→ English: poise

a unit of measure of unknown value (which presumably varied because of the technology of the time)


voucher

voucher (infinitive)
avoir vouché (infinitive multiword-construction)
en vouchant (gerund)
gerund of avoir + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
vouchant (participle present)
vouché (participle past)
vouche (first-person indicative present singular)
vouches (indicative present second-person singular)
vouche (indicative present singular third-person)
vouchons (first-person indicative plural present)
vouchez (indicative plural present second-person)
vouchent (indicative plural present third-person)
vouchoie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
voucheie (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vouchoe (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
voucheve (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vouchoies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
voucheies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vouchoes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
voucheves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vouchoit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
voucheit (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vouchot (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
voucheve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vouchiiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vouchiens (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vouchiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vouchiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vouchoient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
voucheient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vouchoent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vouchevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vouchai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
vouchas (indicative preterite second-person singular)
voucha (indicative preterite singular third-person)
vouchames (first-person indicative plural preterite)
vouchastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
voucherent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
voucherai (first-person future indicative singular)
voucheras (future indicative second-person singular)
vouchera (future indicative singular third-person)
voucherons (first-person future indicative plural)
voucheroiz (future indicative plural second-person)
vouchereiz (future indicative plural second-person)
voucherez (future indicative plural second-person)
voucheront (future indicative plural third-person)
voucheroie (conditional first-person singular)
vouchereie (conditional first-person singular)
voucheroies (conditional second-person singular)
vouchereies (conditional second-person singular)
voucheroit (conditional singular third-person)
vouchereit (conditional singular third-person)
voucheriiens (conditional first-person plural)
voucheriens (conditional first-person plural)
voucheriiez (conditional plural second-person)
voucheriez (conditional plural second-person)
voucheroient (conditional plural third-person)
vouchereient (conditional plural third-person)
future tense of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
vouche (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vouches (present second-person singular subjunctive)
vouche (present singular subjunctive third-person)
vouchons (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vouchez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vouchent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
vouchasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
vouchasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vouchast (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vouchissons (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vouchissiens (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vouchissoiz (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vouchissez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vouchissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vouchassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vouche (imperative second-person singular)
vouchons (first-person imperative plural)
vouchez (imperative plural second-person)


donna

donna oblique singular, ? (oblique plural donnas, nominative singular donna, nominative plural donnas)

donna oblique singular (canonical)
donnas (oblique plural)
donna (nominative singular)
donnas (nominative plural)


journal

head

journal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular journale)

journale (feminine nominative oblique singular)

French: journal (see there for further descendants)

Anglo-Norman: jurnal

→ Middle English: journal

English: journal

Scots: jurnal

From Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”).


verge

fro-noun

verge oblique singular, f (oblique plural verges, nominative singular verge, nominative plural verges)

verge oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
verges (oblique plural)
verge (nominative singular)
verges (nominative plural)

From a shortening of earlier forms virgine, virgene, from Latin virginem, accusative singular of virgō, possibly a borrowing.


verge

head

verge m (oblique and nominative feminine singular verge)

verge (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: verge

French: vierge


verge

Middle French: verge

French: verge


mariner

fro-noun

mariner oblique singular, m (oblique plural mariners, nominative singular mariners, nominative plural mariner)

mariner oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
mariners (oblique plural)
mariners (nominative singular)
mariner (nominative plural)

Middle French: marinier

French: marinier

desctree

→ Middle English: mariner, marener, mareyner, maroner, marynar, maryneer, maryner, marynere, marynier
English: mariner


pont

fro-noun

pont oblique singular, m (oblique plural ponz or pontz, nominative singular ponz or pontz, nominative plural pont)

pont oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
ponz (oblique plural)
pontz (oblique plural)
ponz (nominative singular)
pontz (nominative singular)
pont (nominative plural)

French: pont

Norman: pont

Walloon: pont


pone

pone oblique singular, m (oblique plural pones, nominative singular pones, nominative plural pone)

pone oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
pones (oblique plural)
pones (nominative singular)
pone (nominative plural)

→ English: pone

Uncore demaundoms jugement de la variaunce entre le original e le pone


grande

grant

'grande' steadily replaces 'grant' during the Old French period

La nef ert fort e belle e grande,
bone cum cele k'ert markande.
De plusurs mers chargee esteit,
en Engleterre curre devait.