man

Middle English: man, me

c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sunday in September, When Job Is Read"
Man sċeal lǣwedum mannum seċġan be heora andġietes mǣðe, swā þæt hīe ne bēon þurh þā dēopnesse ǣmōde ne þurh þā langsumnesse ǣþrȳtte.

One has to talk to laymen according to how much they understand, so they are not intimidated by the depth of what one is saying or bored by the length.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Dedication of the Church of St. Michael"
Sē hrōf ēac swelċe hæfde mislīċe hēanesse: on sumre stōwe hine man meahte mid hēafde ġerǣċan, on sumre mid handa earfoþlīċe.

The height of the roof was also uneven: you could touch one part of it with the top of your head, and barely reach another part with your hand.

c. 897, Alfred the Great, translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Hēr man mæġ ġīet ġesēon heora swaðu, ac wē him ne cunnon æfter spyrian.

Here you can still see their footprints, but we don't know how to follow them.

one, you (indefinite pronoun; construed as a third-person singular)

Ġif dēaþsċyldiġ man sċriftsprǣċe ġierne, ne him man nǣfre ne wierne.

c. 1005, Wulfstan, Laws of Edward and Guthrum:

If someone condemned to death desires confession, it should never be refused to them.

someone, somebody (some unspecified person)

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Saga mē, hū lange worhte man Noes earce?

Tell me, how long were they making Noe's ark?

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Hine man sċeal lǣdan tō þām lǣċe.

Early 11th century, Wulfstan, "On the Beginning of Creation"
Þā sē Hǣlend ċild wæs, eall hine man fēdde swā man ōðru ċildru fētt. Hē læġ on cradole bewunden, ealswā ōðru ċildru dōþ. Hine man bær oþ hē self gān meahte.

When Jesus was a baby, he was fed just like other babies are fed. He lay wrapped up in a cradle, just like other babies do. He was carried until he could walk by himself.

often used where modern English would use the passive voice

c. 900, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Man ġeseah swelċe sē heofon burne.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Man ġeseah swelċe ān fȳren hring norðan cōme.

It looked like a ring of fire was coming from the north.


inc

Middle English: inc


his

desctree

Middle English: his
English: his
Scots: his
Yola: his, hys, hays


us

Middle English: us, ous, os, hus, usse, hous
English: us
Scots: us, hus
Yola: ouse, ouz, uz

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé
Proto-Germanic *uns
Old English us
From Proto-Germanic *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s, *nes. Cognates include Old Frisian ūs (West Frisian ús), Old Saxon ūs (Low German os, ons), Dutch ons, Old High German uns (German uns), Old Norse oss (Swedish oss), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃 (uns). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin nos.


we

wē (canonical)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)
wœ̄ (alternative)
wæ (alternative)
ƿē (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: we, ve, whe, huue, hwe, vue, wæ (Early Middle English), weo, woe, wue (Southwest Midlands)
English: we
Jamaican Creole: wi
Sranan Tongo: wi
Scots: we, oo
Yola: wough, wu, wee, we, w'

From Proto-Germanic *wiz, *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.
Cognate with Old Frisian wī (West Frisian wy), Old Saxon wī (Low German wi), Old Dutch wī (Dutch wij), Old High German wir (German wir), Old Norse vér (Danish and Swedish vi), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (weis).

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 6:9-13

Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come; thy will be done; on Earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.

Fæder ūre, þū þe eart in heofenum, sī þīn nama ġehālgod. Tōbecume þīn rīċe. Ġeweorþe þīn willa on eorþan, swā swā on heofenum. Ūrne dæġhwāmlīċan hlāf syle ūs tōdæġ. And forġȳf ūs ūre ġyltas, swā swā wē forġȳfaþ ūrum ġyltendum. And ne ġelǣde þū ūs on costnunge, ac alȳs ūs of yfle: sōþlīċe.


he

head

hē m (accusative hine, genitive his, dative him)

hē (canonical masculine)
hine (accusative)
his (genitive)
him (dative)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

desctree

Middle English: he, hee, ȝe, e, hey, hi, hie, hye, heo, ho, hæ, ha, a
English: he
Scots: he
Yola: hea, he, hey, hay

From Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).

Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ

A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful

it (when the thing being referred to is masculine)

they (singular) (denotes someone of unknown gender)


me

Middle English: me

English: me

Scots: me

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 29:19

I'd rather give her to you than to someone else. Stay with me!

Lēofre mē is þæt iċ hīe selle þē þonne ōðrum menn. Wuna mid mē!


him

Middle English: him
English: him
Yola: ham, him, em

Middle English: hem
English: 'em, hem
Fingallian: a'me
Yola: aam

hym (alternative)
heom (alternative)
eom (alternative)
heom (alternative Mercian)

Swā cwæð snottor on mōde, · ġesæt him sundor æt rūne.

So said the wise in mind, sat alone with speech to himself.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Đyssum tidum Ongolcyningas þā æðelestan Ōswēo Norðanhymbra cyning ⁊ Eċġberht Contwarena cyning hæfdon betweoh him sprǣċe ⁊ ġeþēahte, hwæt tō donne wǣre bī þǣm stealle Ongolcynnes ċiriċan .

At this time the most noble English kings, Oswiu of Northumbria and Ecgberht of Kent, held a discussion and conference between them about what was to be done about the state of the English church.


hit

head

hit n (accusative hit, genitive his, dative him)

hit (accusative)
his (genitive)
him (dative)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)
hitt (alternative)
hib (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: hit, hitt, hitte, hyt, hytte, it, itt, itte, jt, yt
English: it
Scots: hid
Yola: it, yt, t' (misspelling)

From Proto-Germanic *hit (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”). Cognate with Old Frisian hit (“it”), Old High German iz (“it”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐍄𐌰 (hita, “it”). More at hē.


sin

sīn (canonical)
sīn (masculine nominative singular)
sīn (feminine nominative singular)
sīn (neuter nominative singular)
sīnne (accusative masculine singular)
sīne (accusative feminine singular)
sīn (accusative neuter singular)
sīnes (genitive masculine singular)
sīnre (feminine genitive singular)
sīnes (genitive neuter singular)
sīnum (dative masculine singular)
sīnre (dative feminine singular)
sīnum (dative neuter singular)
sīne (instrumental masculine singular)
sīnre (feminine instrumental singular)
sīne (instrumental neuter singular)
sīne (masculine nominative plural)
sīna (feminine nominative plural)
sīne (feminine nominative plural)
sīn (neuter nominative plural)
sīne (accusative masculine plural)
sīna (accusative feminine plural)
sīne (accusative feminine plural)
sīn (accusative neuter plural)
sīnra (genitive masculine plural)
sīnra (feminine genitive plural)
sīnra (genitive neuter plural)
sīnum (dative masculine plural)
sīnum (dative feminine plural)
sīnum (dative neuter plural)
sīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
sīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
sīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).
Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

inh

him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum

þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum

þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne

Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum

The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

(rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their


self

self (masculine nominative singular)
self (feminine nominative singular)
self (neuter nominative singular)
selfne (accusative masculine singular)
selfe (accusative feminine singular)
self (accusative neuter singular)
selfes (genitive masculine singular)
selfre (feminine genitive singular)
selfes (genitive neuter singular)
selfum (dative masculine singular)
selfre (dative feminine singular)
selfum (dative neuter singular)
selfe (instrumental masculine singular)
selfre (feminine instrumental singular)
selfe (instrumental neuter singular)
selfe (masculine nominative plural)
selfa (feminine nominative plural)
selfe (feminine nominative plural)
self (neuter nominative plural)
selfe (accusative masculine plural)
selfa (accusative feminine plural)
selfe (accusative feminine plural)
self (accusative neuter plural)
selfra (genitive masculine plural)
selfra (feminine genitive plural)
selfra (genitive neuter plural)
selfum (dative masculine plural)
selfum (dative feminine plural)
selfum (dative neuter plural)
selfum (instrumental masculine plural)
selfum (feminine instrumental plural)
selfum (instrumental neuter plural)
selfa (masculine nominative singular)
selfe (feminine nominative singular)
selfe (neuter nominative singular)
selfan (accusative masculine singular)
selfan (accusative feminine singular)
selfe (accusative neuter singular)
selfan (genitive masculine singular)
selfan (feminine genitive singular)
selfan (genitive neuter singular)
selfan (dative masculine singular)
selfan (dative feminine singular)
selfan (dative neuter singular)
selfan (instrumental masculine singular)
selfan (feminine instrumental singular)
selfan (instrumental neuter singular)
selfan (masculine nominative plural)
selfan (feminine nominative plural)
selfan (neuter nominative plural)
selfan (accusative masculine plural)
selfan (accusative feminine plural)
selfan (accusative neuter plural)
selfra (genitive masculine plural)
selfena (genitive masculine plural)
selfra (feminine genitive plural)
selfena (feminine genitive plural)
selfra (genitive neuter plural)
selfena (genitive neuter plural)
selfum (dative masculine plural)
selfum (dative feminine plural)
selfum (dative neuter plural)
selfum (instrumental masculine plural)
selfum (feminine instrumental plural)
selfum (instrumental neuter plural)
seolf (alternative)
sylf (alternative)

Middle English: self, silf, sulf

English: self

Scots: self

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Sē wer meahte unēaðe þurh hine selfne ārīsan oþþe gān.

The man could barely get up or walk by himself.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of St. Augustine's Soliloquies
Nāt iċ nā þȳ hwā Rōme burg timbrede þe iċ hit self ġesāwe, ac for þȳ þe hit man mē sæġde.

I don't know who built the city of Rome because I saw it myself, but because somebody told me.


ge

ġē (canonical)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)
gī (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: ye, yee, ȝe, ȝee, yeȝ, yhe, ȝhe, ge, iye, yie, ȝie, gie, hye, hie, ȝeo, geo
English: ye, yee
Scots: ȝe, ye
Yola: ye

From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from *jīz, an early variation of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian jī, Old Saxon gi, Dutch gij, Old High German ir (German ihr), Old Norse ér (Swedish I, later ni), Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Albanian ju, Proto-Baltic *ju- (Lithuanian jūs), Tocharian A yas, Tocharian B yes.


se

sē (canonical)
sē (masculine nominative singular)
þē (masculine nominative singular)
sēo (feminine nominative singular)
þēo (feminine nominative singular)
þæt (neuter nominative singular)
þone (accusative masculine singular)
þā (accusative feminine singular)
þæt (accusative neuter singular)
þæs (genitive masculine singular)
þǣre (feminine genitive singular)
þæs (genitive neuter singular)
þām (dative masculine singular)
þǣm (dative masculine singular)
þǣre (dative feminine singular)
þām (dative neuter singular)
þǣm (dative neuter singular)
þon (instrumental masculine singular)
þȳ (instrumental masculine singular)
þē (instrumental masculine singular)
þǣre (feminine instrumental singular)
þon (instrumental neuter singular)
þȳ (instrumental neuter singular)
þē (instrumental neuter singular)
þā (nominative plural)
þā (accusative plural)
þāra (genitive plural)
þām (dative plural)
þǣm (dative plural)
þām (instrumental plural)
þǣm (instrumental plural)
þē (alternative)
þē (alternative Mercian)
sæ (alternative)
ðē (alternative)
ðæ (alternative)

Middle English: se, ze, sæ

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.

Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.

He went home, and after that I never saw him again.

Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.

Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?

Are you reading this book right now or that one?

Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?

Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Đa was on þā tīd Æðelbyrht cyning hāten on Centrīċe, ⁊ mihtiġ: hē hæfde rīċe ōð ġemæro Humbre strēames, sē tōsċēadeð sūðfolce Angelþēode ⁊ nordfolc.

At that time the powerful Athelbert was king of the kingdom of Kent; his authority extended to the boundary of the Humber, which divides the southern English from the northern English.

Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.


sine

inflection of sīn:
accusative feminine singular

inflection of sīn:
instrumental masculine/neuter singular


user

ūser (canonical)
ūser (masculine nominative singular)
ūseru (feminine nominative singular)
ūsru (feminine nominative singular)
ūsero (feminine nominative singular)
ūsro (feminine nominative singular)
ūser (neuter nominative singular)
ūserne (accusative masculine singular)
ūsere (accusative feminine singular)
ūsre (accusative feminine singular)
ūser (accusative neuter singular)
ūseres (genitive masculine singular)
ūsres (genitive masculine singular)
ūserre (feminine genitive singular)
ūseres (genitive neuter singular)
ūsres (genitive neuter singular)
ūserum (dative masculine singular)
ūsrum (dative masculine singular)
ūserre (dative feminine singular)
ūserum (dative neuter singular)
ūsrum (dative neuter singular)
ūsere (instrumental masculine singular)
ūsre (instrumental masculine singular)
ūserre (feminine instrumental singular)
ūsere (instrumental neuter singular)
ūsre (instrumental neuter singular)
ūsere (masculine nominative plural)
ūsre (masculine nominative plural)
ūsera (feminine nominative plural)
ūsra (feminine nominative plural)
ūsere (feminine nominative plural)
ūsre (feminine nominative plural)
ūseru (neuter nominative plural)
ūsru (neuter nominative plural)
ūsero (neuter nominative plural)
ūsro (neuter nominative plural)
ūsere (accusative masculine plural)
ūsre (accusative masculine plural)
ūsera (accusative feminine plural)
ūsra (accusative feminine plural)
ūsere (accusative feminine plural)
ūsre (accusative feminine plural)
ūseru (accusative neuter plural)
ūsru (accusative neuter plural)
ūsero (accusative neuter plural)
ūsro (accusative neuter plural)
ūserra (genitive masculine plural)
ūserra (feminine genitive plural)
ūserra (genitive neuter plural)
ūserum (dative masculine plural)
ūsrum (dative masculine plural)
ūserum (dative feminine plural)
ūsrum (dative feminine plural)
ūserum (dative neuter plural)
ūsrum (dative neuter plural)
ūserum (instrumental masculine plural)
ūsrum (instrumental masculine plural)
ūserum (feminine instrumental plural)
ūsrum (feminine instrumental plural)
ūserum (instrumental neuter plural)
ūsrum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-Germanic *unseraz (“of us, our”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s-ero- (“our”). Cognate with Old Frisian ūse(r) (“our”), Old Saxon ūser (“our”), Old High German unsēr, unsār (“our”), Old Norse órr, várr (“our”), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂 (unsar, “our”). Related to Old English ūs (“us”).

(Northumbrian or poetic) Alternative form of ūre


sum

sum (masculine nominative singular)
sumu (feminine nominative singular)
sum (neuter nominative singular)
sumne (accusative masculine singular)
sume (accusative feminine singular)
sum (accusative neuter singular)
sumes (genitive masculine singular)
sumre (feminine genitive singular)
sumes (genitive neuter singular)
sumum (dative masculine singular)
suman (dative masculine singular)
sumre (dative feminine singular)
sumum (dative neuter singular)
suman (dative neuter singular)
sume (instrumental masculine singular)
sumre (feminine instrumental singular)
sume (instrumental neuter singular)
sume (nominative plural)
suma (nominative plural)
sumu (nominative plural)
sume (accusative plural)
suma (accusative plural)
sumu (accusative plural)
sumra (genitive plural)
sumum (dative plural)
sumum (instrumental plural)

Middle English: som, somme, summe, zome (Kent)
English: some
Scots: sum, some
Yola: zim, zum

From Proto-West Germanic *sum, see also Old High German sum, Old Norse sumr.

"Gospel of Saint John", chapter 9, verse 9

Some quoth, "It is he"; some quoth, "No, but is to him akin". He quoth soothly, it is I.

Sume cwǣdon, Hē hyt is; sume cwǣdon, Nese, ac is him ġelīc. Hē cwæþ sōðlīce, ic hit eom.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
An. DCCLXXXV Hēr wæs ġeflitfullīċ seonoð æt Ċealchȳþe, and Ēanbriht arċebisċeop forlēt sumne dǣl his bisċeopdōmes, ⁊ frām Offan cinge Hiġebriht wæs ġecoren, ⁊ Eċġferð tō cininge ġehalgod.

Year 785 In this year there was a contentious synod in Chalk, and Archbishop Eanbright gave up a part of his bishopdom, and Higebright was chosen by King Offa, and Edgeferth was crowned king.

used to indicate a specific example of a thing: a, a certain

some of (with another pronoun or article)


wit

iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)
wyt (alternative)

Middle English: wit

From Proto-West Germanic *wit, from Proto-Germanic *wet, from a suffixed form of *wéy (see wē). Cognate with North Frisian wat, Old Norse vit, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐍄 (wit), and Lithuanian vèdu.

Wit beǣwnodon ġiestrandæġ.

goldwine gumena, hwæt wit geō sprǣcon,


wise

inflection of wīs:
accusative feminine singular

inflection of wīs:
instrumental masculine/neuter singular


hwy

Middle English: why

English: why

Scots: why

From a presumed earlier *hwīe, from Proto-West Germanic *hwiu, from Proto-Germanic *hwī (“with what”), to which the more common instrumental ending *-ō had been added. Cognate with Old High German hwiu (instrumental case of hwaz).

cog

instrumental case of <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">hwaz</i>


þe

English: thee


hire

desctree

Middle English: hire, hir, hyre, hyr, ire, ir, here, her, ere, er, heyre, heore, hare, hure, hur, hurre, huere
English: her
Scots: her
Yola: her

hyre (alternative)
hiere (alternative)
heore (alternative)
hiore (alternative)
hure (alternative)
hir (alternative)
hiræ (alternative)
hira (alternative)
hyræ (alternative)
hyra (alternative)
hyr (alternative)
hieræ (alternative)
heora (alternative)


nān (canonical)
nān (masculine nominative singular)
nān (feminine nominative singular)
nān (neuter nominative singular)
nānne (accusative masculine singular)
nǣnne (accusative masculine singular)
nāne (accusative feminine singular)
nān (accusative neuter singular)
nānes (genitive masculine singular)
nānre (feminine genitive singular)
nānes (genitive neuter singular)
nānum (dative masculine singular)
nānre (dative feminine singular)
nānum (dative neuter singular)
nāne (instrumental masculine singular)
nānre (feminine instrumental singular)
nāne (instrumental neuter singular)
nāne (nominative plural)
nāne (accusative plural)
nānra (genitive plural)
nānum (dative plural)
nānum (instrumental plural)

Middle English: noon

Geordie English: nyen

English: none

Scots: nane

From Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz, equivalent to ne (“not”) + ān (“one”).

Ūre nān ne mæġ tōweardnesse forecweðan.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Clement the Martyr"
Þā cwelleras þā ġeopenodon þæt cweartern and nānne ne ġemētton.

The executioners then opened the prison and found no one.


hie

head

hīe (accusative hīe, genitive heora, dative him)

hīe (canonical)
hīe (accusative)
heora (genitive)
him (dative)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)
hī (alternative)
hīġ (alternative)
hȳ (alternative)
ᚻᛁᚫ (alternative)

Middle English: he
Yola: hi, h'

Reflecting an earlier regularised form of *hijai, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hīz (“these, these ones”), masculine plural of *hiz.

inh

Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.

When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.


hie

hīe (canonical)
hī (alternative)
hīġ (alternative)
hȳ (alternative)
ᚻᛁᚫ (alternative)


git

ġit (canonical)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

Middle English: ȝit, ȝitt, ȝet

From Proto-West Germanic *jit, with the *i leveled in from *wit. Further from Proto-Germanic *jut. Cognate with North Frisian jat.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 20:22

Then Jesus answered them: "You two don't know what you're asking for."

Þā andswarode him sē Hǣlend: "Ġit nyton hwæs ġit biddaþ."

(the second-person dual nominative) you two


mec

From Proto-Germanic *mek (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *me-ge (“me”). Akin to Old High German mih (“me”).

mē (alternative)
mic (alternative)
mehc (alternative)
mech (alternative)
meh (alternative)
ᛗᛖᚴ (alternative)


min

From Proto-West Germanic *mīn.
Cognate with Old Frisian mīn, Old Saxon mīn (Dutch mijn), Old High German mīn (German mein), Old Norse mínn (Swedish min), Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (meins).


sina

nominative/accusative feminine plural of sīn


hwæt

hwā (feminine masculine nominative)
hwæt (neuter nominative)
hwone (accusative feminine masculine)
hwæt (accusative neuter)
hwæs (feminine genitive masculine)
hwæs (genitive neuter)
hwām (dative feminine masculine)
hwǣm (dative feminine masculine)
hwām (dative neuter)
hwǣm (dative neuter)
hwȳ (feminine instrumental masculine)
hwon (feminine instrumental masculine)
hwȳ (instrumental neuter)
hwon (instrumental neuter)
huæt (alternative)
huæd (alternative)
huædd (alternative)
huætd (alternative)
huædt (alternative)
hwet (alternative)
wæt (alternative)
whæt (alternative)
hwat (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: what, whad, whote, watte, wath, wad, qhat, whæt, whæht, waht, waet, wæht, weht, hweat (Southern West Mid)
English: what
Scots: what, whate, whit, whut, wha', quhat, quat, fat, faht, phat, fit, fut, fout, at
Yola: faade, fhaade, faad, fade, f'ad

From Proto-Germanic *hwat.
Cognates include Old Frisian hwet, Old Saxon hwat, Old Dutch wat, Old High German waz, Old Norse hvat. The Indo-European root also led to Latin quod, Lithuanian kàd, and Irish cad.

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Hwæt sind þā þrēo þing þe nān mann būtan libban ne mæġ?

What are the three things no one can live without?

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Dǣdlīcu word ġeswitoliaþ hwæt menn dōþ.

c. 992, Ælfric, “Midlent Sunday”
Mid hwon magon wē byċġan hlāf þissum folce?

What can we use to buy bread for these people?

c. 996, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Hwæs ābītst þū?

The Legend of St. Andrew
Ealle menn flēoþ of þǣre ċeastre. Tō hwon willaþ ġē þæder faran?

Everyone’s fleeing that city. What do you want to go there for?

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Hwæt seofast þū wiþ mē?

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 4:27

His disciples were amazed that he was talking to a woman, though none of them said “What are you looking for?” or “Why are you talking to her?”

His leornungcneohtas wundrodon þæt hē wiþ wīf spræc, þēah heora nān ne cwæþ “Hwæt sēcst þū?” oþþe “Hwæt spricst þū wiþ hīe?”

c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
Þā behēoldon swīðe ġeorne þā ċeapmenn hine, and be him on ġeþance smēadon hwæt manna hē bēon sċolde.

The businessmen looked at him very closely and tried to figure out what kind of person he might be.

c. 992, Ælfric, “Palm Sunday: On the Lord’s Passion”
Iūdās sōna ēode tō þāra Iudēisċena rǣde and openlīċe befræġn hwæt hīe him fēos ġeūðen ġif hē þone Hǣlend him belǣwan meahte.

Judas immediately went to the Jewish council and openly asked how much money they would give him for betraying Jesus.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Be þām hringum man meahte witan hwæt Rōmāna duguþe ġefeallen wæs, for þon þe hit wæs þēaw mid him on þām dagum þæt nān ōðer ne mōste gyldenne hring werian būtan hē æðeles cynnes wǣre.

You could tell by the rings how much of the Roman nobility had fallen, because the custom back then was that no one could wear a gold ring unless they were from a noble family.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Hwæðer Rōmāne hit witon nū ǣnegum menn tō seċġenne hwæt heora folces on Ispāniam on fēawum ġēarum forwurde?

Do the Romans know any more how many of their people perished in Spain within a few years?

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Sæġe mē hwæt fisċcynna sīe.

Tell me how many species of fish there are.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Sēo lēo bringþ hungrigum hwelpum hwæt tō etenne.

The lion brings hungry cubs something to eat.

c. 1011, Byrhtferth's Manual
Ġif þū tōdǣlst hwæt on fēower, sē fēorða dǣl biþ quadrans ġeċīeġed, and þā ōðre dōdrantēs bēoþ ġenemnede.

If you divide something into fours, one part is called a quadrans (Latin for ‘one fourth’), and the other three are called dodrantes (Latin for ‘three fourths’).

late 10th century, Ælfric, “Preface to Genesis”
Þā unġelǣredan prēostas, ġif hīe hwæt lȳtles understandaþ of þām Lǣdenbōcum, þonne þyncþ him sōna þæt hīe mæġen mǣre lārēowas bēon.

If uneducated priests understand any little thing from the Latin texts, they immediately think they can be famous scholars.

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 27:32

Then Isaac said, “Who are you?” He answered and said, “I'm Esau.”

Þā cwæþ Isaāc, “Hwæt eart þū?” Hē andwyrde and cwæþ, “Iċ eom Ēsau.”

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 21:12

No one sitting there dared to ask him who he was. They knew it was the Lord.

Nān þāra þe þǣr sæt ne dorste hine āscian hwæt hē wǣre. Hīe wisson þæt hit wæs Dryhten.

c. 992, Ælfric, “The Second Sunday After Pentecost”
Ġif iċ wisse hwæt hē wǣre, iċ wolde liċġan æt his fōtum.

If I'd known who he was, I would have lain at his feet.

c. 992, Ælfric, “The Passion of the Apostles Simon and Jude”
Sē ealdormann hīe befræġn hwæt hīe wǣren, oþþe hwanon hīe cōmen, oþþe hwȳ hīe þæder cōmen.

The general asked them who they were, where they came from, and why they came there.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 8:52-53

Then the Jews said, “Now we know you’re crazy. Abraham died, and so did the prophets, and you say, ‘If anyone keeps my word, they will never die.’ Are you saying you’re greater than our father Abraham, who died? And the prophets died! Who do you think you are?”

Þā cwǣdon þā Iūdēas, “Nū wē witon þæt þū eart wōd. Ābrahām wæs dēad, and þā wītegan, and þū cwist, ‘Ġif hwā mīn word ġehielt, ne biþ hē nǣfre dēad.’ Cwist þū þæt þū sīe mǣrra þonne ūre fæder Ābrahām, þe wæs dēad? And þā wītegan wǣron dēade! Hwæt þyncþ þē þæt þū sīe?”

who (in questions and implied questions about who someone is)


ic

iċ (canonical)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)
ih (alternative)
ich (alternative)
iċċ (alternative)
ᛁᚳ (alternative)
ᛁᚴ (alternative)

Southern Middle English: ich

English: ich (obsolete since 19th century)

Yola: ich (revived)

Northern Middle English: ik

Scots: ik (rare)

Later Middle English: I

English: I

Scots: A, I

From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, unstressed form of *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Iċ lufiġe þē.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 6:20

It's me [literally I am it]. Don't be scared.

The Life of Saint Margaret
Iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran.

I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth.


swa

swā (canonical)
swǣ (alternative)
swē (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *swā. See there for more.

æt menn fīftīene penningas and æt horse healf swā

15 pennies for a man, and half that for a horse


seo

sēo (canonical feminine)
sio (alternative)
ðiu (alternative)
ðio (alternative)
ðyu (alternative)
ðy (alternative)
siu (alternative Mercian)
sio (alternative Mercian)
sie (alternative Mercian)
sia (alternative)
syo (alternative)
þeo (alternative)

Middle English: seo, si, se, zi

nominative feminine singular of sē: she, that one


þæt

þet (alternative Kentish Mercian)
ꝥ (alternative)
ðæt (alternative)
ðat (alternative)
ᚦᚫᛏ (alternative)

nominative/accusative neuter singular of sē: that, that one

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Purification of St. Mary"
Hwæt synd ða lytlan ðe he wolde habban up to his rice? Þæt synd ða eaðmodan.

Who are the little ones that he would raise up to his kingdom? They are the humble."

(exophoric) they, that, those (regardless of gender and number; compare Old Norse þat, Dutch dat)


þone

Middle English: þone, þane

English: than (obsolete)

ðane (alternative Kentish)
þane (alternative Mercian)
þæne (alternative Mercian)
þene (alternative Mercian)
ðæne (alternative)
ðene (alternative)
þonne (alternative)
þon (alternative)


þæs

genitive masculine/neuter singular of sē


þæm

þǣm (canonical)
þām (alternative)
ðām (alternative)
ðǣm (alternative)

inflection of sē:
dative masculine/neuter singular

inflection of sē:
dative/instrumental plural


þy

þȳ (canonical)
þī (alternative)
þē (alternative)

From an earlier *þiu, apparently formed from the demonstrative base *þi- with the nominal instrumental ending -ō. Cognate with Old Frisian þiu, Old Saxon þiu, Old High German diu, Old Norse því, Gothic 𐌸𐌴 (þē).

instrumental masculine/neuter singular of sē


þon

Middle English: þon, þan

English: than (obsolete)

From Proto-Germanic *þanō (instrumental form of *sa), from Proto-Indo-European *tónoh₁ (instrumental form of *só).

inh

instrumental form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*sa</i>

instrumental form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*só</i>


þa

þā (canonical feminine masculine neuter)
ðā (alternative)
þǣ (alternative)
ðǣ (alternative)

Middle English: tha, tho

English: tho

⇒ Middle English: thos

English: those

From Proto-Germanic *þai, which shares the same root as Old English þæt.

inflection of sē:
accusative feminine singular

inflection of sē:
nominative/accusative plural


þes

þēs (canonical)
þēs (masculine nominative singular)
þēos (feminine nominative singular)
þis (neuter nominative singular)
þisne (accusative masculine singular)
þās (accusative feminine singular)
þis (accusative neuter singular)
þisses (genitive masculine singular)
þisse (feminine genitive singular)
þisses (genitive neuter singular)
þissum (dative masculine singular)
þisse (dative feminine singular)
þissum (dative neuter singular)
þȳs (instrumental masculine singular)
þisse (feminine instrumental singular)
þȳs (instrumental neuter singular)
þās (nominative plural)
þās (accusative plural)
þissa (genitive plural)
þissum (dative plural)
þissum (instrumental plural)

From West Germanic, the base being *þes-, from Proto-West Germanic *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat.
Cognate with Old Frisian thīs, Old High German dese, Old Norse þessi.


þeos

nominative feminine singular of þes (“this”)


þis

nominative/accusative neuter singular of þēs


þisses

genitive masculine/neuter singular of þes


þissum

þisum (alternative)
þysum (alternative)
þyssum (alternative)
þeosum (alternative)
þeossum (alternative)

inflection of þes:
dative masculine/neuter singular

inflection of þes:
dative/instrumental plural


þas

inflection of þes:
accusative feminine singular

inflection of þes:
nominative/accusative plural


unc

"The Wife's Lament", line 10

The person's relatives began to think of a secret plan to separate us both.

Ongunnon þæt þæs monnes magas hycgan þurh dyrne geþoht, þæt hy todælden unc.


þu

þū (canonical)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)
ðū (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you
English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)
Fingallian: thoo
Scots: thou, du, thoo
Yola: thou, th'

From Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Cognate with Old Frisian thū, Old Saxon thū, Old Dutch thū, Old High German dū, Old Norse þú, Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þū). Non-Germanic cognates include Latin tū and Ancient Greek σύ (sú).


eow

Middle English: yow, yowe, you, youe, yo, yoe, yogh, yaw, yew, yhu, yu, yw, yhow, ȝou, ȝow, ȝouȝ, ȝowȝ, ȝo, ȝowe, ȝu, ȝw, ȝue, ȝiow, ȝeu, ȝew, ȝewe, ȝaw, ȝhow, ȝhowe, ȝiu, ȝeow, ȝehw, ȝuw, gow, gu, giu, geu, geau, eou, eow, eo, eowe, eu, euwȝ, ou, ow, æu, owe, hou, heou, heu
English: you
Scots: you

From Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz (dative/accusative case of *jūz), from Proto-Indo-European *wes (compare also *yúHs, whence *jūz).
Cognate with Old Frisian ju (West Frisian jo), Old Saxon iu, ju (Low German jo, ju), Dutch u, Old High German iu (German euch), Old Norse yðr (Icelandic yður, Swedish er), Gothic 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 (izwis).

accusative/dative of ġē: (to) you (plural)


nic

nic (canonical)
niċ (canonical)
nih (alternative)
niċċ (alternative)

Middle English: nich


æghwilc

[ˈæːj.ʍiɫt͡ʃ]


hine

Middle English: hine


gehwa

ġehwā (canonical)
ġehwā (feminine masculine nominative)
ġehwæt (neuter nominative)
ġehwone (accusative feminine masculine)
ġehwæt (accusative neuter)
ġehwæs (feminine genitive masculine)
ġehwæs (genitive neuter)
ġehwām (dative feminine masculine)
ġehwǣm (dative feminine masculine)
ġehwām (dative neuter)
ġehwǣm (dative neuter)
ġehwȳ (feminine instrumental masculine)
ġehwon (feminine instrumental masculine)
ġehwȳ (instrumental neuter)
ġehwon (instrumental neuter)

Middle English: iwhō, ȝehwa

mōdġe maguþeġnas. · Swā þēs middanġeard
ealra dōgra ġehwām · drēoseð ond fealleþ,

brave warriors. Thus this world
perishes and falls to each of all days,


eall

From Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz. Cognate with Old Frisian al, Old Saxon all, Old Dutch al, Old High German al, Old Norse allr.

æal (alternative Anglian)
all (alternative Anglian)
æall (alternative)
eal (alternative)
eæll (alternative)
ᚪᛚ (alternative)

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
For þīnre æfweardnesse, hire þyncþ eall nāwiht þæt hēo hæfþ.

Without you, everything she has seems like nothing to her.


ænig

ǣniġ (canonical)
ǣniġ (masculine nominative singular)
ǣniġu (feminine nominative singular)
ǣnġu (feminine nominative singular)
ǣniġo (feminine nominative singular)
ǣnġo (feminine nominative singular)
ǣniġ (neuter nominative singular)
ǣniġne (accusative masculine singular)
ǣniġe (accusative feminine singular)
ǣnġe (accusative feminine singular)
ǣniġ (accusative neuter singular)
ǣniġes (genitive masculine singular)
ǣnġes (genitive masculine singular)
ǣniġre (feminine genitive singular)
ǣniġes (genitive neuter singular)
ǣnġes (genitive neuter singular)
ǣniġum (dative masculine singular)
ǣnġum (dative masculine singular)
ǣniġre (dative feminine singular)
ǣniġum (dative neuter singular)
ǣnġum (dative neuter singular)
ǣniġe (instrumental masculine singular)
ǣnġe (instrumental masculine singular)
ǣniġre (feminine instrumental singular)
ǣniġe (instrumental neuter singular)
ǣnġe (instrumental neuter singular)
ǣniġe (masculine nominative plural)
ǣnġe (masculine nominative plural)
ǣniġa (feminine nominative plural)
ǣnġa (feminine nominative plural)
ǣniġe (feminine nominative plural)
ǣnġe (feminine nominative plural)
ǣniġu (neuter nominative plural)
ǣnġu (neuter nominative plural)
ǣniġo (neuter nominative plural)
ǣnġo (neuter nominative plural)
ǣniġe (accusative masculine plural)
ǣnġe (accusative masculine plural)
ǣniġa (accusative feminine plural)
ǣnġa (accusative feminine plural)
ǣniġe (accusative feminine plural)
ǣnġe (accusative feminine plural)
ǣniġu (accusative neuter plural)
ǣnġu (accusative neuter plural)
ǣniġo (accusative neuter plural)
ǣnġo (accusative neuter plural)
ǣniġra (genitive masculine plural)
ǣniġra (feminine genitive plural)
ǣniġra (genitive neuter plural)
ǣniġum (dative masculine plural)
ǣnġum (dative masculine plural)
ǣniġum (dative feminine plural)
ǣnġum (dative feminine plural)
ǣniġum (dative neuter plural)
ǣnġum (dative neuter plural)
ǣniġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ǣnġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ǣniġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ǣnġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ǣniġum (instrumental neuter plural)
ǣnġum (instrumental neuter plural)
ǣniġa (masculine nominative singular)
ǣnġa (masculine nominative singular)
ǣniġe (feminine nominative singular)
ǣnġe (feminine nominative singular)
ǣniġe (neuter nominative singular)
ǣnġe (neuter nominative singular)
ǣniġan (accusative masculine singular)
ǣnġan (accusative masculine singular)
ǣniġan (accusative feminine singular)
ǣnġan (accusative feminine singular)
ǣniġe (accusative neuter singular)
ǣnġe (accusative neuter singular)
ǣniġan (genitive masculine singular)
ǣnġan (genitive masculine singular)
ǣniġan (feminine genitive singular)
ǣnġan (feminine genitive singular)
ǣniġan (genitive neuter singular)
ǣnġan (genitive neuter singular)
ǣniġan (dative masculine singular)
ǣnġan (dative masculine singular)
ǣniġan (dative feminine singular)
ǣnġan (dative feminine singular)
ǣniġan (dative neuter singular)
ǣnġan (dative neuter singular)
ǣniġan (instrumental masculine singular)
ǣnġan (instrumental masculine singular)
ǣniġan (feminine instrumental singular)
ǣnġan (feminine instrumental singular)
ǣniġan (instrumental neuter singular)
ǣnġan (instrumental neuter singular)
ǣniġan (masculine nominative plural)
ǣnġan (masculine nominative plural)
ǣniġan (feminine nominative plural)
ǣnġan (feminine nominative plural)
ǣniġan (neuter nominative plural)
ǣnġan (neuter nominative plural)
ǣniġan (accusative masculine plural)
ǣnġan (accusative masculine plural)
ǣniġan (accusative feminine plural)
ǣnġan (accusative feminine plural)
ǣniġan (accusative neuter plural)
ǣnġan (accusative neuter plural)
ǣniġra (genitive masculine plural)
ǣniġena (genitive masculine plural)
ǣnġena (genitive masculine plural)
ǣniġra (feminine genitive plural)
ǣniġena (feminine genitive plural)
ǣnġena (feminine genitive plural)
ǣniġra (genitive neuter plural)
ǣniġena (genitive neuter plural)
ǣnġena (genitive neuter plural)
ǣniġum (dative masculine plural)
ǣnġum (dative masculine plural)
ǣniġum (dative feminine plural)
ǣnġum (dative feminine plural)
ǣniġum (dative neuter plural)
ǣnġum (dative neuter plural)
ǣniġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ǣnġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ǣniġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ǣnġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ǣniġum (instrumental neuter plural)
ǣnġum (instrumental neuter plural)
enig (alternative Kentish)

Middle English: ani, aniȝ, any, ayny, æniȝ, eani, eni, eniȝ, ony, oony
English: any
Geordie English: ony
Scots: onie, ony, onny
Yola: aany, any

From Proto-West Germanic *ainag, from Proto-Germanic *ainagaz, from *ainaz (“one”). Akin to Old Frisian enich, Old Saxon ēnig, Old Norse einigr.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
...ac mē tōdæġ swā wundorlīce is ġelumpen þæt ic þurh nān þincg ne mæġ ġecnāwan hwæðer þys sȳ Ephesa byriġ þe elles ǣniġ ōþer;...

But to-day it has befallen me so wonderfully that I cannot by any means recognise whether this be the city of the Ephesians or else any other.

10-11th c., Beowulf, lines 1069-1073

The sooth I tell, that I strength at sea greater possess'd, endurance on the waves, than any other man.

...sōð ic taliġe, þæt ic mere strengo māran āhte, earfeðo on ȳþum, þonne ǣniġ ōþer man.


eower

From Proto-West Germanic *iuwar, whence also Old Saxon iuwar and Old High German iuwar, Old Norse yðvarr, Gothic 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂 (izwar).

genitive of ġē: yours (plural), of you (plural), y'all's, of y'all


hwa

hwā (canonical)
hwā (feminine masculine nominative)
hwæt (neuter nominative)
hwone (accusative feminine masculine)
hwæt (accusative neuter)
hwæs (feminine genitive masculine)
hwæs (genitive neuter)
hwām (dative feminine masculine)
hwǣm (dative feminine masculine)
hwām (dative neuter)
hwǣm (dative neuter)
hwȳ (feminine instrumental masculine)
hwon (feminine instrumental masculine)
hwȳ (instrumental neuter)
hwon (instrumental neuter)

Middle English: who, ȝwo, ho, hoo, huo, quo, qwo, qwho, whoo, wo, woo, qua, wha, hwa, hwo, hwoa
English: who
Geordie English: whe
Scots: wha
Yola: fho, fo, vo

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 5:13

The person who was healed didn't know who it was: Jesus had withdrawn from the crowd.

Sē þe þǣr ġehǣled wæs nysse hwā hit wæs: sē Hǣlend sōðlīċe bēag fram þǣre ġaderunge.


hwæþer

From Proto-West Germanic *hwaþar, see also Old High German wedar, Old Norse hvaðarr.


hwilc

(Late West Saxon) Alternative form of hwelċ


ilca

ilca (masculine nominative singular)
ilce (feminine nominative singular)
ilce (neuter nominative singular)
ilcan (accusative masculine singular)
ilcan (accusative feminine singular)
ilce (accusative neuter singular)
ilcan (genitive masculine singular)
ilcan (feminine genitive singular)
ilcan (genitive neuter singular)
ilcan (dative masculine singular)
ilcan (dative feminine singular)
ilcan (dative neuter singular)
ilcan (instrumental masculine singular)
ilcan (feminine instrumental singular)
ilcan (instrumental neuter singular)
ilcan (masculine nominative plural)
ilcan (feminine nominative plural)
ilcan (neuter nominative plural)
ilcan (accusative masculine plural)
ilcan (accusative feminine plural)
ilcan (accusative neuter plural)
ilcra (genitive masculine plural)
ilcena (genitive masculine plural)
ilcra (feminine genitive plural)
ilcena (feminine genitive plural)
ilcra (genitive neuter plural)
ilcena (genitive neuter plural)
ilcum (dative masculine plural)
ilcum (dative feminine plural)
ilcum (dative neuter plural)
ilcum (instrumental masculine plural)
ilcum (feminine instrumental plural)
ilcum (instrumental neuter plural)
ylca (alternative)

Middle English: ilke

Scots: ilk

English: ilk

From Proto-Germanic *ilīkaz (“the same”, literally “it/he/she -like”), a compound of *iz and *-līkaz from the noun *līką (“body”).

inh

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
⁊ þǣre ilcan nihte wes Ēadwine[s] dohtor ācenned.

And on that same night Edwin's daughter was born.


ure

ūre (canonical)
ūser (alternative)
ūr (alternative Mercian)
usser (alternative Mercian)

From Proto-West Germanic *unsar, from Proto-Germanic *unseraz. For development compare Old Norse órr.


manig

maniġ (canonical)
maneġ (alternative)
moniġ (alternative)
mæniġ (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: mani, mane, magnie, maini, mainie, mange, manie, manige, maniȝ, many, meine, meni, menie, monei, moni, monie, moniȝ, mony, myny
English: many
Geordie English: mony
Scots: mony, monie
Yola: many

From Proto-West Germanic *manag, from Proto-Germanic *managaz.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian manich (West Frisian mannich), Old Saxon manag (Low German männich), Middle Dutch mēnich (Dutch menig), Old High German manag (German manch), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍃 (manags). The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Russian мно́гий (mnógij), Old Irish menic (Scottish Gaelic minig).


awiht

āwiht (canonical neuter)
āwiht (nominative singular)
āwiht (accusative singular)
āwihtes (genitive singular)
āwihte (dative singular)
āht (alternative)
āuht (alternative)
ōwiht (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *aiwwiht. Equivalent to ā + wiht.

“Mīn fæder, mōt iċ þē āwihtes āscian?” Cwæþ hē, “Āsca þæs þe þū wille.”

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History:

“My father, can I ask you something?”
He said, “Ask whatever you want.”


swilc

(Late West Saxon) Alternative form of swelċ


þin

From Proto-West Germanic *þīn, whence also Old High German dīn, Old Norse þinn.

genitive of þū: yours or of you (singular)


fela

From Proto-West Germanic *felu.
Cognate with Old Frisian felo, Old Saxon filu, Old High German filu, Old Norse fjǫl- in compounds, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek πολύς (polús), Latin plus, Old Irish il (Welsh lliaws).

feola (alternative Mercian)
fiolu (alternative)
feolu (alternative)
feolo (alternative)
fala (alternative)

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Saga mē, on hū fela daga God ġeworhte ealle ġesceafta?'

Tell me, in how many days did God create all creatures?


suma

feminine nominative/accusative plural of sum


sume

inflection of sum:
feminine accusative singular

inflection of sum:
masculine/neuter instrumental singular

inflection of sum:
masculine nominative plural


sumes

masculine/neuter genitive singular of sum


sumu

inflection of sum:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of sum:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


sines

genitive masculine/neuter singular of sīn


æghwæþer

ǣġhwæþer (canonical)
ǣġþer (alternative)
āþer (alternative)

Middle English: either, ayther, æȝþer, ethir, eiþer, outher
English: either
Scots: aither

[ˈæːjˌʍæ.ðer]

From Proto-West Germanic *aiwon (“always”) ( > Old English ā) + *gahwaþera (“each”) (> Old English ġehwæþer). Ultimately pertaining to *aiw + *hwaþar. Cognate with Old Saxon eogihwethar, Old High German eogihwedar.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?

If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?


nane

inflection of nān:
feminine accusative singular

inflection of nān:
masculine/neuter instrumental singular


heo

head

hēo f (accusative hīe, genitive hire, dative hire)

hēo (canonical feminine)
hīe (accusative)
hire (genitive)
hire (dative)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowiċ (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)
hæo (alternative Anglian)
hiu (alternative)
hia (alternative)
hīo (alternative)

desc

Middle English: ȝho, hyo, hye, scho, hoo, sche

English: she (dialectal hoo, shoo)

Scots: she, sho

From Proto-West Germanic *hiju, from Proto-Germanic *hijō f (“this, this one”).

der

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 20:15

c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
Þā hēo þis ġehīerde, þā smearcode hēo wiþ his weardes.

When she heard this, she smiled in his direction.

early 8th century, Beowulf, line 455

c. 992, Ælfric, "St. Benedict, Abbot"
Sē Dēofol wearp ānne stān tō þǣre bellan þæt hēo eall tōsprang.

The Devil threw a rock at the bell so it broke into pieces.

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Sēo sunne biþ swā rēad on ǣfen for þon þe hēo lōcaþ ufan on helle.

The sun is so red in the evening because it looks down on hell.

it (when the thing being referred to is grammatically feminine)


hio

head

hīo f (accusative hīe, genitive hiere, dative hiere)

hīo (canonical feminine)
hīe (accusative)
hiere (genitive)
hiere (dative)
hiu (alternative)
hia (alternative)
hēo (alternative)

Middle English: heo

English: heo, hoo

From Proto-Germanic *hijō f (“this, this one”).

it (when the thing being referred to is feminine)


eom

Alternative form of him: (to) him/it/them


incer

Middle English: inker


uncer

Middle English: unker


usic

ūsiċ (canonical)
usich (alternative)
usig (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *unsik (“us”) with *-ik added by analogy with *mek. Cognate with Old Saxon ūsik (“us”), Old High German unsih (“us”), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌹𐍃 (unsis, “us”).


uncit

Dissimilation from earlier *uncec, with -ec added by analogy with mec; compare incit.


incit

Dissimilation from earlier *incec, with -ec added by analogy with þec; compare uncit and possibly Bavarian enks (if from Old High German *inkiz).


þec

From Proto-Germanic *þek, from Proto-Indo-European *tege.

þæc (alternative Mercian)
ðeh (alternative)
ðech (alternative)
þē (alternative)


þæge

þæġe (canonical masculine neuter)
þage (alternative)

Middle English: þaie

Middle English: þaye

Þæġe twēġen dagas

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Saga mē, hwæt hātton ðaġe?


sylf

sylf (masculine nominative singular)
sylf (feminine nominative singular)
sylf (neuter nominative singular)
sylfne (accusative masculine singular)
sylfe (accusative feminine singular)
sylf (accusative neuter singular)
sylfes (genitive masculine singular)
sylfre (feminine genitive singular)
sylfes (genitive neuter singular)
sylfum (dative masculine singular)
sylfre (dative feminine singular)
sylfum (dative neuter singular)
sylfe (instrumental masculine singular)
sylfre (feminine instrumental singular)
sylfe (instrumental neuter singular)
sylfe (masculine nominative plural)
sylfa (feminine nominative plural)
sylfe (feminine nominative plural)
sylf (neuter nominative plural)
sylfe (accusative masculine plural)
sylfa (accusative feminine plural)
sylfe (accusative feminine plural)
sylf (accusative neuter plural)
sylfra (genitive masculine plural)
sylfra (feminine genitive plural)
sylfra (genitive neuter plural)
sylfum (dative masculine plural)
sylfum (dative feminine plural)
sylfum (dative neuter plural)
sylfum (instrumental masculine plural)
sylfum (feminine instrumental plural)
sylfum (instrumental neuter plural)
sylfa (masculine nominative singular)
sylfe (feminine nominative singular)
sylfe (neuter nominative singular)
sylfan (accusative masculine singular)
sylfan (accusative feminine singular)
sylfe (accusative neuter singular)
sylfan (genitive masculine singular)
sylfan (feminine genitive singular)
sylfan (genitive neuter singular)
sylfan (dative masculine singular)
sylfan (dative feminine singular)
sylfan (dative neuter singular)
sylfan (instrumental masculine singular)
sylfan (feminine instrumental singular)
sylfan (instrumental neuter singular)
sylfan (masculine nominative plural)
sylfan (feminine nominative plural)
sylfan (neuter nominative plural)
sylfan (accusative masculine plural)
sylfan (accusative feminine plural)
sylfan (accusative neuter plural)
sylfra (genitive masculine plural)
sylfena (genitive masculine plural)
sylfra (feminine genitive plural)
sylfena (feminine genitive plural)
sylfra (genitive neuter plural)
sylfena (genitive neuter plural)
sylfum (dative masculine plural)
sylfum (dative feminine plural)
sylfum (dative neuter plural)
sylfum (instrumental masculine plural)
sylfum (feminine instrumental plural)
sylfum (instrumental neuter plural)

Mæġ iċ be mē sylfum · sōðġied wrecan,
sīþas seċġan, · hū iċ ġeswincdagum
earfoðhwīle · oft þrōwade,
bitre brēostċeare · ġebiden hæbbe,

I can utter a true tale about myself,
tell goings on how I by days of hardship
oft tholed the times of hardship,
have withstood bitter sorrow,


sinum

inflection of sīn:
dative masculine/neuter singular


feolo

From Proto-West Germanic *felu, from Proto-Germanic *felu. Originally the neuter singular form of older *feluz (“many”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-.
Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, “much, very”), Old Irish oll (“great, vast”), Latin plus, Ancient Greek πολύς (polús), German viel.


gehwylc

ġehwylċ (canonical)
ġehwylċ (masculine nominative singular)
ġehwylċ (feminine nominative singular)
ġehwylċ (neuter nominative singular)
ġehwylcne (accusative masculine singular)
ġehwylċe (accusative feminine singular)
ġehwylċ (accusative neuter singular)
ġehwylċes (genitive masculine singular)
ġehwylcre (feminine genitive singular)
ġehwylċes (genitive neuter singular)
ġehwylċum (dative masculine singular)
ġehwylcre (dative feminine singular)
ġehwylċum (dative neuter singular)
ġehwylċe (instrumental masculine singular)
ġehwylcre (feminine instrumental singular)
ġehwylċe (instrumental neuter singular)
ġehwylċe (masculine nominative plural)
ġehwylċa (feminine nominative plural)
ġehwylċe (feminine nominative plural)
ġehwylċ (neuter nominative plural)
ġehwylċe (accusative masculine plural)
ġehwylċa (accusative feminine plural)
ġehwylċe (accusative feminine plural)
ġehwylċ (accusative neuter plural)
ġehwylcra (genitive masculine plural)
ġehwylcra (feminine genitive plural)
ġehwylcra (genitive neuter plural)
ġehwylċum (dative masculine plural)
ġehwylċum (dative feminine plural)
ġehwylċum (dative neuter plural)
ġehwylċum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġehwylċum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġehwylċum (instrumental neuter plural)
ġehwylċa (masculine nominative singular)
ġehwylċe (feminine nominative singular)
ġehwylċe (neuter nominative singular)
ġehwylċan (accusative masculine singular)
ġehwylċan (accusative feminine singular)
ġehwylċe (accusative neuter singular)
ġehwylċan (genitive masculine singular)
ġehwylċan (feminine genitive singular)
ġehwylċan (genitive neuter singular)
ġehwylċan (dative masculine singular)
ġehwylċan (dative feminine singular)
ġehwylċan (dative neuter singular)
ġehwylċan (instrumental masculine singular)
ġehwylċan (feminine instrumental singular)
ġehwylċan (instrumental neuter singular)
ġehwylċan (masculine nominative plural)
ġehwylċan (feminine nominative plural)
ġehwylċan (neuter nominative plural)
ġehwylċan (accusative masculine plural)
ġehwylċan (accusative feminine plural)
ġehwylċan (accusative neuter plural)
ġehwylcra (genitive masculine plural)
ġehwylċena (genitive masculine plural)
ġehwylcra (feminine genitive plural)
ġehwylċena (feminine genitive plural)
ġehwylcra (genitive neuter plural)
ġehwylċena (genitive neuter plural)
ġehwylċum (dative masculine plural)
ġehwylċum (dative feminine plural)
ġehwylċum (dative neuter plural)
ġehwylċum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġehwylċum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġehwylċum (instrumental neuter plural)


minre

genitive/dative/instrumental feminine singular of mīn


hira

Alternative form of heora: their, of them


heora

Middle English: here

English: her (obsolete)

hira (alternative)
hiora (alternative)
hiera (alternative)
hyra (alternative)


þys

instrumental masculine/neuter singular of þes


nanes

masculine/neuter genitive singular of nān


nænig

nǣniġ (canonical)
nǣniġ (masculine nominative singular)
nǣniġu (feminine nominative singular)
nǣnġu (feminine nominative singular)
nǣniġo (feminine nominative singular)
nǣnġo (feminine nominative singular)
nǣniġ (neuter nominative singular)
nǣniġne (accusative masculine singular)
nǣniġe (accusative feminine singular)
nǣnġe (accusative feminine singular)
nǣniġ (accusative neuter singular)
nǣniġes (genitive masculine singular)
nǣnġes (genitive masculine singular)
nǣniġre (feminine genitive singular)
nǣniġes (genitive neuter singular)
nǣnġes (genitive neuter singular)
nǣniġum (dative masculine singular)
nǣnġum (dative masculine singular)
nǣniġre (dative feminine singular)
nǣniġum (dative neuter singular)
nǣnġum (dative neuter singular)
nǣniġe (instrumental masculine singular)
nǣnġe (instrumental masculine singular)
nǣniġre (feminine instrumental singular)
nǣniġe (instrumental neuter singular)
nǣnġe (instrumental neuter singular)
nǣniġe (masculine nominative plural)
nǣnġe (masculine nominative plural)
nǣniġa (feminine nominative plural)
nǣnġa (feminine nominative plural)
nǣniġe (feminine nominative plural)
nǣnġe (feminine nominative plural)
nǣniġu (neuter nominative plural)
nǣnġu (neuter nominative plural)
nǣniġo (neuter nominative plural)
nǣnġo (neuter nominative plural)
nǣniġe (accusative masculine plural)
nǣnġe (accusative masculine plural)
nǣniġa (accusative feminine plural)
nǣnġa (accusative feminine plural)
nǣniġe (accusative feminine plural)
nǣnġe (accusative feminine plural)
nǣniġu (accusative neuter plural)
nǣnġu (accusative neuter plural)
nǣniġo (accusative neuter plural)
nǣnġo (accusative neuter plural)
nǣniġra (genitive masculine plural)
nǣniġra (feminine genitive plural)
nǣniġra (genitive neuter plural)
nǣniġum (dative masculine plural)
nǣnġum (dative masculine plural)
nǣniġum (dative feminine plural)
nǣnġum (dative feminine plural)
nǣniġum (dative neuter plural)
nǣnġum (dative neuter plural)
nǣniġum (instrumental masculine plural)
nǣnġum (instrumental masculine plural)
nǣniġum (feminine instrumental plural)
nǣnġum (feminine instrumental plural)
nǣniġum (instrumental neuter plural)
nǣnġum (instrumental neuter plural)
nǣniġa (masculine nominative singular)
nǣnġa (masculine nominative singular)
nǣniġe (feminine nominative singular)
nǣnġe (feminine nominative singular)
nǣniġe (neuter nominative singular)
nǣnġe (neuter nominative singular)
nǣniġan (accusative masculine singular)
nǣnġan (accusative masculine singular)
nǣniġan (accusative feminine singular)
nǣnġan (accusative feminine singular)
nǣniġe (accusative neuter singular)
nǣnġe (accusative neuter singular)
nǣniġan (genitive masculine singular)
nǣnġan (genitive masculine singular)
nǣniġan (feminine genitive singular)
nǣnġan (feminine genitive singular)
nǣniġan (genitive neuter singular)
nǣnġan (genitive neuter singular)
nǣniġan (dative masculine singular)
nǣnġan (dative masculine singular)
nǣniġan (dative feminine singular)
nǣnġan (dative feminine singular)
nǣniġan (dative neuter singular)
nǣnġan (dative neuter singular)
nǣniġan (instrumental masculine singular)
nǣnġan (instrumental masculine singular)
nǣniġan (feminine instrumental singular)
nǣnġan (feminine instrumental singular)
nǣniġan (instrumental neuter singular)
nǣnġan (instrumental neuter singular)
nǣniġan (masculine nominative plural)
nǣnġan (masculine nominative plural)
nǣniġan (feminine nominative plural)
nǣnġan (feminine nominative plural)
nǣniġan (neuter nominative plural)
nǣnġan (neuter nominative plural)
nǣniġan (accusative masculine plural)
nǣnġan (accusative masculine plural)
nǣniġan (accusative feminine plural)
nǣnġan (accusative feminine plural)
nǣniġan (accusative neuter plural)
nǣnġan (accusative neuter plural)
nǣniġra (genitive masculine plural)
nǣniġena (genitive masculine plural)
nǣnġena (genitive masculine plural)
nǣniġra (feminine genitive plural)
nǣniġena (feminine genitive plural)
nǣnġena (feminine genitive plural)
nǣniġra (genitive neuter plural)
nǣniġena (genitive neuter plural)
nǣnġena (genitive neuter plural)
nǣniġum (dative masculine plural)
nǣnġum (dative masculine plural)
nǣniġum (dative feminine plural)
nǣnġum (dative feminine plural)
nǣniġum (dative neuter plural)
nǣnġum (dative neuter plural)
nǣniġum (instrumental masculine plural)
nǣnġum (instrumental masculine plural)
nǣniġum (feminine instrumental plural)
nǣnġum (feminine instrumental plural)
nǣniġum (instrumental neuter plural)
nǣnġum (instrumental neuter plural)


hwam

Middle English: whom

English: whom

Scots: wham

From Proto-Germanic *hwammai, dative case of *hwaz (“who, whose, what, why, how”).


hwæs

desctree

Middle English: whos, hoes, hos, hose, hosse, hoys, huas, qwoys, was, whas, whoes, whois, whoos, whose, wos, wose, quas, whase, whayse, hwas, hwæs, hwes, hwos
English: whose
Scots: whase

From Proto-Germanic *hwes, genitive case of *hwaz (“who, what”).


ða

ðā (canonical feminine masculine neuter)


þære

Middle English: þǣre

genitive/dative/instrumental feminine singular of sē


seolf

self (alternative)
sylf (alternative)
silf (alternative)


swelc

swelċ (canonical)
swelċ (masculine nominative singular)
swelċ (feminine nominative singular)
swelċ (neuter nominative singular)
swelcne (accusative masculine singular)
swelċe (accusative feminine singular)
swelċ (accusative neuter singular)
swelċes (genitive masculine singular)
swelcre (feminine genitive singular)
swelċes (genitive neuter singular)
swelċum (dative masculine singular)
swelcre (dative feminine singular)
swelċum (dative neuter singular)
swelċe (instrumental masculine singular)
swelcre (feminine instrumental singular)
swelċe (instrumental neuter singular)
swelċe (masculine nominative plural)
swelċa (feminine nominative plural)
swelċe (feminine nominative plural)
swelċ (neuter nominative plural)
swelċe (accusative masculine plural)
swelċa (accusative feminine plural)
swelċe (accusative feminine plural)
swelċ (accusative neuter plural)
swelcra (genitive masculine plural)
swelcra (feminine genitive plural)
swelcra (genitive neuter plural)
swelċum (dative masculine plural)
swelċum (dative feminine plural)
swelċum (dative neuter plural)
swelċum (instrumental masculine plural)
swelċum (feminine instrumental plural)
swelċum (instrumental neuter plural)
swilċ (alternative)
swylċ (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *swalīkaz. Cognate with Old Frisian selik, Old Saxon sulik, Old Dutch sulik, Old High German sulīh, Old Norse slíkr, Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (swaleiks). Equivalent to swā + -līċ.

The Legend of St. Andrew
Ġēa hlāford, and hwæt ġif iċ swelcne mann ġemēte? Hwelċe mēde sċeal iċ him behātan?

Yes lord, and what if I find someone like that? What kind of reward should I promise them?

c. 996, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Þæt wīf wundrode þæs wynsuman brǣðes, and cwæþ þæt hēo nǣfre ǣr nāht swelċes ne ġestunce.

The woman was amazed at the delightful scent, and said she'd never smelled anything like it before.


þam

þām (canonical)
þǣm (alternative)
ðām (alternative)

inflection of sē:
dative masculine/neuter singular

inflection of sē:
dative/instrumental plural


nan mann

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 9:62

No one who puts his hand to the plow and looks back is fit for the kingdom of God.

Nān mann þe his hand āsett on his sulh and onbæc besihþ nis andfenġe Godes rīċe.


hwelca

nominative/accusative feminine plural of hwelċ


þisse

genitive/dative/instrumental feminine singular of þes


æghwylc

[ˈæːj.ʍyɫt͡ʃ]


hwelc

hwelċ (canonical)
hwelċ (masculine nominative singular)
hwelċ (feminine nominative singular)
hwelċ (neuter nominative singular)
hwelcne (accusative masculine singular)
hwelċe (accusative feminine singular)
hwelċ (accusative neuter singular)
hwelċes (genitive masculine singular)
hwelcre (feminine genitive singular)
hwelċes (genitive neuter singular)
hwelċum (dative masculine singular)
hwelcre (dative feminine singular)
hwelċum (dative neuter singular)
hwelċe (instrumental masculine singular)
hwelcre (feminine instrumental singular)
hwelċe (instrumental neuter singular)
hwelċe (masculine nominative plural)
hwelċa (feminine nominative plural)
hwelċe (feminine nominative plural)
hwelċ (neuter nominative plural)
hwelċe (accusative masculine plural)
hwelċa (accusative feminine plural)
hwelċe (accusative feminine plural)
hwelċ (accusative neuter plural)
hwelcra (genitive masculine plural)
hwelcra (feminine genitive plural)
hwelcra (genitive neuter plural)
hwelċum (dative masculine plural)
hwelċum (dative feminine plural)
hwelċum (dative neuter plural)
hwelċum (instrumental masculine plural)
hwelċum (feminine instrumental plural)
hwelċum (instrumental neuter plural)
hwilċ (alternative)
hwylċ (alternative)
hwælċ (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *hwilīkaz ~ *hwalīkaz (“what kind of”), a compound of *hwaz and *-līkaz.

Þȳ hwelċ ēower dyde þæt þing?

Hēr sind þrēo hors. Hwelċ is þīn?

There are three horses here. Which one is yours?

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 19:16-19

Then someone came up to him and said, "Teacher! What good do I have to do to have eternal life?" Jesus said, "Why are you asking me about 'good'? Only God is good. If you want to enter life, follow the commandments." Then he asked, "Which ones?" And Jesus said, "Don't commit murder, don't commit adultery, don't steal, don't give false testimony, respect your parents, and love your neighbor like you love yourself."

And þā ġenēalǣhte him ān mann tō and cwæþ, "Lā gōda lārēow! Hwæt gōdes dō iċ þæt iċ ēċe līf hæbbe?" Þā cwæþ hē, "Hwæt āscast þū mē be gōde? Ān God is gōd. Sōðlīċe ġif þū wilt on līf becuman, heald þā bebodu." Þā cwæþ hē, "Hwelcu?" Þā cwæþ sē Hǣlend, "Ne dō þū mansliht, ne dō þū unryhthǣmed, ne stel þū, ne sæġe þū lēase ġewitnesse, weorða þīnne fæder and mōdor, and lufa þīnne nīehstan swā swā þē selfne."

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Invention of the Holy Cross"
Hēo becōm tō þǣre stōwe and āfand þrēo rōde. Ān wæs þæs Hǣlendes, and þā ōðra þāra þēofa. Þā nysse hēo ġewiss hwelcu wǣre Cristes rōd.

She came to the place and discovered three crosses. One was Jesus', and the others belonged to the thieves. But she didn't know for sure which cross was Christ's.

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Saga mē, hwylċ man ǣrest wǣre wið hund sprecende?

Tell me, who was the first man that spake with a dog?

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Epiphany of the Lord"
...and sē Rihtwīsa God nǣnne mann ne nēadað tō syngiġenne, ac he wāt swāðēah on ǣr hwilċe þurh āgenne willan syngian willað.

...and the Righteous God compels no man to sin, but he knows, nevertheless, beforehand who will sin through their own will.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Andrew the Apostle"
"Zachēus wæs sum rīċe mann, and cepte þæs Hǣlendes fær, and wolde ġesēon hwilċ hē wǣre; ac hē ne mihte for ðǣre menigu ðe him mid fērde, forðan ðe hē wæs sċort on wæstme.
"Zacchæus was a rich man, and had observed the Saviour's course, and would see who he was; but he could not for the many that went with him, because he was short of stature.


nawiht

nāwiht (canonical neuter)
nāwiht (nominative singular)
nāwiht (accusative singular)
nāwihtes (genitive singular)
nāwihte (dative singular)
nāht (alternative)
nāuht (alternative)
nāwuht (alternative)
nōht (alternative)
nōwiht (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht. Originally equivalent to ne + āwiht or nā + wiht.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Nys nāht ofor hyne...

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Nāwiht ne biþ yfel ǣr man wēne þæt hit yfel sīe.

Nothing is bad until you think it's bad.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Sēo leofaþ nū þē, þē ānum, for þon þe hēo nāwiht elles ne lufaþ būtan þē.

Now she lives for you, only you, because she loves nothing else but you.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Ne lyst mē nāwiht ðāra metta þe ic forhātan habbe, ac mē lyst ðāra þe ic getiohhod habbe tō ætanne, ðonne ic hī gesēo.

I desire none of those meats which I have renounced; I desire those which I have thought right to eat, when I see them.


hwylc

hwylċ (canonical)
hwylċe (alternative)
hwylche (alternative)


hwæthwugu

[ˈʍætˌʍu.ɣu]

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Sæġe mē hwæthwugu uncūðes.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
On ǣlcum treowe iċ ġeseah hwæthwugu þæs þe iċ æt hām beþorfte.

In every tree, I saw something that I needed at home.


sinra

genitive masculine/feminine/neuter plural of sīn


sumum

inflection of sum:
masculine/neuter dative singular


þio

From earlier sīo, through influence of the þ- forms, compare þē.


þyslic

þyslīċ (canonical)
þuslīċ (alternative)
þislīċ (alternative)
þyllīċ (alternative)
þyliċ (alternative)
þylċ (alternative)

Middle English: thilk, thulk

Originally þus + -līċ. Compare swelċ and hwelċ, which were formed similarly.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 2:12

Everyone was amazed and said, "We've never seen anything like this before."

Ealle wundrodon and þus cwǣdon, "Nǣfre wē ǣr þyslīċ ne ġesāwon."

c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Nativiity of Our Lord"
Ðyllīce word María hēold ārǣfniġende on hire heortan.

Such words Mary held, pondering them in her heart.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Navitivity ofd the Innocents"
Þyllīc wæs Herodes forðsīð, þe mānfullīce ymbe þæs heofenlīcan æþelinges tō-cyme syrwde, and his efen-ealdan lȳtlingas unscæððiġe ārlēaslīce ācwealde.

Such was the death of Herod, who wickedly machinated on the coming of the heavenly Prince, and impiously killed the innocent little ones, his equals in age.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Decollation of St. John The Baptist"
...þyllīce wundra ic wyrce, ac swāðēah ic wylle dēaðe sweltan for mancynnes ālȳsednysse,...

..such wonders I work, and yet will I perish by death for the redemption of mankind,...

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Seventeeth Sunday After Pentecost"
Sume synfulle men ġeðafiað heora lustum, and ðurh yfele dǣda mannum cȳðað heora synna, and ēac ġewunelīce syngiġende hī sylfe gewemmað: þyllīce ġetācnode Lazarus, þe læġ on byrgene fēower niht fūle stincende.

Some sinful men assent to their lusts, and by evil deeds manifest their sins to men, and also habitually sinning defile themselves:such Lazarus betokened, who lay four days foully stinking in the sepulchre.


æghwelc

ǣġhwelċ (canonical)
ǣġhwilċ (alternative)
ǣġhwylċ (alternative)

[ˈæːjˌʍeɫt͡ʃ]

From Proto-West Germanic *aiwgahwalīk. Cognate with Old Frisian iāhwelik, Old Saxon iogihwilik, Old High German iogiwelīh. Equivalent to ǣġ- + hwelċ or ā + ġe- + hwelċ or ā + ġehwelċ.


gehwelc

ġehwelċ (canonical)
ġehwilċ (alternative)
ġehwylċ (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *gahwalīk. Equivalent to ġe- + hwelċ, literally “every which.”


usær

usær (masculine nominative singular)
usær (feminine nominative singular)
usær (neuter nominative singular)
usærne (accusative masculine singular)
usare (accusative feminine singular)
usær (accusative neuter singular)
usares (genitive masculine singular)
usærre (feminine genitive singular)
usares (genitive neuter singular)
usarum (dative masculine singular)
usærre (dative feminine singular)
usarum (dative neuter singular)
usare (instrumental masculine singular)
usærre (feminine instrumental singular)
usare (instrumental neuter singular)
usare (masculine nominative plural)
usara (feminine nominative plural)
usare (feminine nominative plural)
usær (neuter nominative plural)
usare (accusative masculine plural)
usara (accusative feminine plural)
usare (accusative feminine plural)
usær (accusative neuter plural)
usærra (genitive masculine plural)
usærra (feminine genitive plural)
usærra (genitive neuter plural)
usarum (dative masculine plural)
usarum (dative feminine plural)
usarum (dative neuter plural)
usarum (instrumental masculine plural)
usarum (feminine instrumental plural)
usarum (instrumental neuter plural)


ægþer

ǣġþer (canonical)
æghwæþer (alternative)
āþer (alternative)


nan þing

nān þing (canonical)
nāþing (alternative)

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Iohannes þa gegaderode ðæra gymstana bricas, and beseah to heofonum, þus cweðende, "Drihten Hælend, nis ðe nān ðing earfoðe; þu ge-edstaðelodest ðisne tobrocenan middangeard on þinum geleaffullum, þurh tácen þære halgan rode; ge-edstaðela nu þas deorwurðan gymstanas, ðurh ðinra engla handa, þæt ðas nytenan menn þine mihta oncnāwon, and on þe gelyfon."

John then gathered the fragments of the jewels, and looked to heaven, thus saying, "Lord Jesus, to thee nothing is difficult; thou didst restore this crushed world for thy faithful, through sign of the holy rood; restore now these precious gems, by thy angels' hands, that these ignorant men may acknowledge thy powers, and in thee believe."

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Iohannes þa bead ðreora daga fæsten gemænelice; and he æfter ðam fæstene wearð swa miclum mid Godes gaste afylled, þæt he ealle Godes englas, and ealle gesceafta, mid heahlicum mode oferstáh, and mid ðysum wordum þa godspellican gesetnysse ongan, "In principio erat uerbum, et uerbum erat apud Deum, et Deus erat uerbum, et reliqua:" þæt is on Englisc, "On frymðe wæs word, and þæt word wæs mid Gode, and þæt word wæs God; þis wæs on frymðe mid Gode; ealle ðing sind þurh hine geworhte, and nis nān þing būton him gesceapen."

John then ordered a general fast of three days; and after the fast he was so greatly filled with the spirit of God, that he excelled all God's angels and all creatures with his exalted mind, and began the evangelical memorial with these words, "In principio erat verbum," etc., that is in English, "In the beginning was the word, and the word was with God, and the word was God; this was in the beginning with God; all things are made through him, and without him nothing is created.".

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Nu wæs se bigleofa gemett on Iohannes byrgene, and nān ðing elles; and se mete is weaxende on hire oð ðisne andweardan dæg.

Now this food was found in the grave of John, and nothing else, and the meat is growing in it to this present day.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Clement the Martyr"
Wēn is þæt ēower sum cweðe to him sylfum on stillum geðohtum, Hwæt forlēton has ġebroðru, Petrus and Andreas, þe for nēan nān ðing næfdon? ac wē sceolon on þisum ðinge heora gewilnunge swīðor āsmēaġan þonne heora ġestreon.

It is to be expected that one of you in his still thoughts say to himself, What did the brothers, Peter and Andrew, leave, who had almost nothing? but in this case we should rather consider their desire than their possession.


þissa

þeossa (alternative)
þisra (alternative)
þisera (alternative)


þisera

þeossa (alternative)
þisra (alternative)
þyssera (alternative)


þeossa

þissa (alternative)
þisra (alternative)
þisera (alternative)


þisum

þissum (alternative)
þysum (alternative)
þyssum (alternative)
þeosum (alternative)
þeossum (alternative)

inflection of þēs:
dative masculine/neuter singular


þysum

þissum (alternative)
þisum (alternative)
þyssum (alternative)
þeosum (alternative)
þeossum (alternative)


þyssum

þissum (alternative)
þisum (alternative)
þysum (alternative)
þeosum (alternative)
þeossum (alternative)


þeosum

þissum (alternative)
þisum (alternative)
þyssum (alternative)
þysum (alternative)
þeossum (alternative)


þeossum

þissum (alternative)
þisum (alternative)
þyssum (alternative)
þysum (alternative)
þeosum (alternative)


þises

masculine/neuter genitive singular of þēs


iower

īower (canonical)
īower (masculine nominative singular)
īoweru (feminine nominative singular)
īowru (feminine nominative singular)
īowero (feminine nominative singular)
īowro (feminine nominative singular)
īower (neuter nominative singular)
īowerne (accusative masculine singular)
īowere (accusative feminine singular)
īowre (accusative feminine singular)
īower (accusative neuter singular)
īoweres (genitive masculine singular)
īowres (genitive masculine singular)
īowerre (feminine genitive singular)
īoweres (genitive neuter singular)
īowres (genitive neuter singular)
īowerum (dative masculine singular)
īowrum (dative masculine singular)
īowerre (dative feminine singular)
īowerum (dative neuter singular)
īowrum (dative neuter singular)
īowere (instrumental masculine singular)
īowre (instrumental masculine singular)
īowerre (feminine instrumental singular)
īowere (instrumental neuter singular)
īowre (instrumental neuter singular)
īowere (masculine nominative plural)
īowre (masculine nominative plural)
īowera (feminine nominative plural)
īowra (feminine nominative plural)
īowere (feminine nominative plural)
īowre (feminine nominative plural)
īoweru (neuter nominative plural)
īowru (neuter nominative plural)
īowero (neuter nominative plural)
īowro (neuter nominative plural)
īowere (accusative masculine plural)
īowre (accusative masculine plural)
īowera (accusative feminine plural)
īowra (accusative feminine plural)
īowere (accusative feminine plural)
īowre (accusative feminine plural)
īoweru (accusative neuter plural)
īowru (accusative neuter plural)
īowero (accusative neuter plural)
īowro (accusative neuter plural)
īowerra (genitive masculine plural)
īowerra (feminine genitive plural)
īowerra (genitive neuter plural)
īowerum (dative masculine plural)
īowrum (dative masculine plural)
īowerum (dative feminine plural)
īowrum (dative feminine plural)
īowerum (dative neuter plural)
īowrum (dative neuter plural)
īowerum (instrumental masculine plural)
īowrum (instrumental masculine plural)
īowerum (feminine instrumental plural)
īowrum (feminine instrumental plural)
īowerum (instrumental neuter plural)
īowrum (instrumental neuter plural)


usser

usser (masculine nominative singular)
usser (feminine nominative singular)
usser (neuter nominative singular)
usserne (accusative masculine singular)
usse (accusative feminine singular)
usser (accusative neuter singular)
usses (genitive masculine singular)
usse (feminine genitive singular)
usses (genitive neuter singular)
ussum (dative masculine singular)
usse (dative feminine singular)
ussum (dative neuter singular)
usse (instrumental masculine singular)
usse (feminine instrumental singular)
usse (instrumental neuter singular)
usse (masculine nominative plural)
ussa (feminine nominative plural)
usse (feminine nominative plural)
usser (neuter nominative plural)
usse (accusative masculine plural)
ussa (accusative feminine plural)
usse (accusative feminine plural)
usser (accusative neuter plural)
ussa (genitive masculine plural)
ussera (genitive masculine plural)
ussa (feminine genitive plural)
ussera (feminine genitive plural)
ussa (genitive neuter plural)
ussera (genitive neuter plural)
ussum (dative masculine plural)
ussum (dative feminine plural)
ussum (dative neuter plural)
ussum (instrumental masculine plural)
ussum (feminine instrumental plural)
ussum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-Germanic *unseraz (“of us, our”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s-ero- (“our”). Cognate with Old Frisian ūse(r) (“our”), Old Saxon ūser (“our”), Old High German unsēr, unsār (“our”), Old Norse órr, várr (“our”), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂 (unsar, “our”). Related to Old English ūs (“us”).


sinre

genitive/dative/instrumental feminine singular of sīn


æniges

strong genitive masculine/neuter singular of ǣniġ


ænigum

inflection of ǣniġ:
strong dative masculine/neuter singular

strong/weak dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter plural


ænigre

strong genitive/dative/instrumental feminine singular of ǣniġ


ænigo

inflection of ǣniġ:
strong nominative feminine singular

strong nominative/accusative neuter plural


ænigra

strong/weak genitive masculine/feminine/neuter plural of ǣniġ


ænigne

strong accusative masculine singular of ǣniġ


ænige

inflection of ǣniġ:
strong accusative feminine singular

strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular

strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural

weak nominative feminine/neuter singular

inflection of ǣniġ:
weak accusative neuter singular


gehwæþer

From Proto-West Germanic *gahwaþera (“each”). Equivalent to ġe- + hwæþer.


gehwilc

ġehwilċ (canonical)
ġehwilċ (masculine nominative singular)
ġehwilċ (feminine nominative singular)
ġehwilċ (neuter nominative singular)
ġehwilcne (accusative masculine singular)
ġehwilċe (accusative feminine singular)
ġehwilċ (accusative neuter singular)
ġehwilċes (genitive masculine singular)
ġehwilcre (feminine genitive singular)
ġehwilċes (genitive neuter singular)
ġehwilċum (dative masculine singular)
ġehwilcre (dative feminine singular)
ġehwilċum (dative neuter singular)
ġehwilċe (instrumental masculine singular)
ġehwilcre (feminine instrumental singular)
ġehwilċe (instrumental neuter singular)
ġehwilċe (masculine nominative plural)
ġehwilċa (feminine nominative plural)
ġehwilċe (feminine nominative plural)
ġehwilċ (neuter nominative plural)
ġehwilċe (accusative masculine plural)
ġehwilċa (accusative feminine plural)
ġehwilċe (accusative feminine plural)
ġehwilċ (accusative neuter plural)
ġehwilcra (genitive masculine plural)
ġehwilcra (feminine genitive plural)
ġehwilcra (genitive neuter plural)
ġehwilċum (dative masculine plural)
ġehwilċum (dative feminine plural)
ġehwilċum (dative neuter plural)
ġehwilċum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġehwilċum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġehwilċum (instrumental neuter plural)
ġehwilċa (masculine nominative singular)
ġehwilċe (feminine nominative singular)
ġehwilċe (neuter nominative singular)
ġehwilċan (accusative masculine singular)
ġehwilċan (accusative feminine singular)
ġehwilċe (accusative neuter singular)
ġehwilċan (genitive masculine singular)
ġehwilċan (feminine genitive singular)
ġehwilċan (genitive neuter singular)
ġehwilċan (dative masculine singular)
ġehwilċan (dative feminine singular)
ġehwilċan (dative neuter singular)
ġehwilċan (instrumental masculine singular)
ġehwilċan (feminine instrumental singular)
ġehwilċan (instrumental neuter singular)
ġehwilċan (masculine nominative plural)
ġehwilċan (feminine nominative plural)
ġehwilċan (neuter nominative plural)
ġehwilċan (accusative masculine plural)
ġehwilċan (accusative feminine plural)
ġehwilċan (accusative neuter plural)
ġehwilcra (genitive masculine plural)
ġehwilċena (genitive masculine plural)
ġehwilcra (feminine genitive plural)
ġehwilċena (feminine genitive plural)
ġehwilcra (genitive neuter plural)
ġehwilċena (genitive neuter plural)
ġehwilċum (dative masculine plural)
ġehwilċum (dative feminine plural)
ġehwilċum (dative neuter plural)
ġehwilċum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġehwilċum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġehwilċum (instrumental neuter plural)


gehwelce

inflection of ġehwelċ:
strong accusative feminine singular

inflection of ġehwelċ:
weak accusative neuter singular


gehwilce

inflection of ġehwilċ:
strong accusative feminine singular

inflection of ġehwilċ:
weak accusative neuter singular


gehwelcre

strong genitive/dative/instrumental feminine singular of ġehwelċ


gehwelcum

inflection of ġehwelċ:
strong dative masculine/neuter singular

strong/weak dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter plural


gehwilcre

strong genitive/dative/instrumental feminine singular of ġehwilċ


gehwilcum

inflection of ġehwilċ:
strong dative masculine/neuter singular


gehwilces

strong genitive masculine/neuter singular of ġehwilċ


gehwilcan

weak accusative masculine/feminine singular

weak genitive/dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter singular

weak nominative/accusative masculine/feminine/neuter plural


gehwilcne

strong accusative masculine singular of ġehwilċ


gehwilcra

strong/weak genitive masculine/feminine/neuter plural of ġehwilċ


nanwiht

Alternative form of nāwiht (“nothing, no one”)


æghwa

ǣġhwā (canonical)
ǣġhwā (feminine masculine nominative)
ǣġhwæt (neuter nominative)
ǣġhwone (accusative feminine masculine)
ǣġhwæt (accusative neuter)
ǣġhwæs (feminine genitive masculine)
ǣġhwæs (genitive neuter)
ǣġhwām (dative feminine masculine)
ǣġhwǣm (dative feminine masculine)
ǣġhwām (dative neuter)
ǣġhwǣm (dative neuter)
ǣġhwȳ (feminine instrumental masculine)
ǣġhwon (feminine instrumental masculine)
ǣġhwȳ (instrumental neuter)
ǣġhwon (instrumental neuter)


nahwæþer

nāhwæþer (canonical)
nāþor (alternative)
nāwþer (alternative)
nāþer (alternative)

c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
Neutrum is nāþor cyn, ne werlīces ne wīflīces...

Neuter is neither gender, neither masculine, nor feminine...


ilce

inflection of ilca:
nominative feminine/neuter singular

inflection of ilca:
accusative neuter singular


ilcra

genitive masculine/feminine/neuter plural of ilca


ilcan

inflection of ilca:
accusative masculine/feminine singular


ilcum

dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter plural of ilca


naþing

Middle English: nothyng, nothing
English: nothing
Yola: nodhing

Alternative form of nān þing (“nothing”)