heahfore

hēahfore (canonical feminine)
hēahfore (nominative singular)
hēahforan (nominative plural)
hēahforan (accusative singular)
hēahforan (accusative plural)
hēahforan (genitive singular)
hēahforena (genitive plural)
hēahforan (dative singular)
hēahforum (dative plural)
hēafaru (alternative)
hēafru (alternative)
hēahfru (alternative)
hēhfore (alternative)
hēhfaro (alternative)
hēffere (alternative)
hēhfare (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: heyfre, haffer, hayfare, hayfre, hefere, heffere, heffre, heyfer, heyfor, heyfur, heekfar, hefker, hekfare, hekfere, hekfore (with fortition)
English: heifer (obsolete dialectal hefker, hekfer)
Scots: heifer
Yola: hiver

This first element of this word is customarily identified with hēah (“tall, high”), beginning with Franciscus Junius's 17th-century Etymologicum Anglicanum; the remainder is now usually held to be from either faru (“journey”) or fearr (“bull”), though the latter is less likely.
Discussion of Liberman's alternative etymology
Liberman instead suggests that this compound is from *hæg- (“pen”, see haga) + -fore (“inhabitant”), However, this etymology fails to explain the phonological shape of this word (a long vowel is required by Middle English forms in /ɛː/, while *hæg should become palatalised *hæġ, which would stymie breaking of /æ/ and devoicing of /x/. Additionally, this palatalisation would create an open syllable, resulting in /f/ being voiced to /v/), while his putative suffix -fore lacks a clear etymology and is not securely attested (elver is simply Middle English el (“eel”) + fare (“group of journeyers”); the word originally referred to a group of young eels). Furthermore, Liberman's semantic objections to the traditional etymology do not hold water. Old English hēah can mean "tall", and faran already means "to live (in a specified way)"; the word would simply mean "one who lives (while being) tall", originally being a generic term for any adult cow.


liþ

liþ (nominative singular)
liþa (nominative plural)
liþ (accusative singular)
liþa (accusative plural)
liþa (genitive singular)
liþa (genitive plural)
liþa (dative singular)
liþum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: lyth, lith, lythe, lithe, lyþ, liþ, liþe, liþthe, liyþe, litht, leth, lethe
English: lith
Scots: lith

From Proto-West Germanic *liþu, from Proto-Germanic *liþuz.


liþ

līþ (canonical neuter)
līþ (nominative singular)
līþ (nominative plural)
līþ (accusative singular)
līþ (accusative plural)
līþes (genitive singular)
līþa (genitive plural)
līþe (dative singular)
līþum (dative plural)


hæf

From Proto-West Germanic *habbjō (“yeast, barm”). Akin to Old High German hevo (“yeast”).


hæf

hafu (nominative plural)
hæf (nominative singular)
hafu (nominative plural)
hæf (accusative singular)
hafu (accusative plural)
hæfes (genitive singular)
hafa (genitive plural)
hæfe (dative singular)
hafum (dative plural)
heaf (alternative)
hæfe (alternative)
hefe (alternative)


henn

henn (nominative singular)
henna (nominative plural)
henne (nominative plural)
henne (accusative singular)
henna (accusative plural)
henne (accusative plural)
henne (genitive singular)
henna (genitive plural)
henne (dative singular)
hennum (dative plural)
hænn (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: hen, henne, hene, han, en, heene
English: hen
Scots: hen
Yola: hen, hin

From Proto-West Germanic *hannju, from Proto-Germanic *hanjō. Cognate with West Frisian henn (West Frisian hin), Dutch hen, Old High German henna (German Henne). Compare also Norwegian hœna.


fina

fina (nominative singular)
finan (nominative plural)
finan (accusative singular)
finan (accusative plural)
finan (genitive singular)
finena (genitive plural)
finan (dative singular)
finum (dative plural)


cnafa

cnafa (nominative singular)
cnafan (nominative plural)
cnafan (accusative singular)
cnafan (accusative plural)
cnafan (genitive singular)
cnafena (genitive plural)
cnafan (dative singular)
cnafum (dative plural)

Middle English: knave, cnave, knafe, cnafe, knaffe, knaue, knawe, knaf, knaw
English: knave
Middle Scots: knave, knafe, knaif
Scots: knave
→ Middle Welsh: cnaf
Welsh: cnaf


godsibb

godsibb (nominative singular)
godsibbas (nominative plural)
godsibb (accusative singular)
godsibbas (accusative plural)
godsibbes (genitive singular)
godsibba (genitive plural)
godsibbe (dative singular)
godsibbum (dative plural)

Middle English: godsybbe, godzibbe, godsip, gossippe, gossop
English: gossip
Yola: gozp, gosp, gossoupe

one who has become spiritually related to another (a baptized child or its parents) by acting as sponsor at baptism; godparent; sponsor


mila

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of mīl


sunna

sunna (nominative singular)
sunnan (nominative plural)
sunnan (accusative singular)
sunnan (accusative plural)
sunnan (genitive singular)
sunnena (genitive plural)
sunnan (dative singular)
sunnum (dative plural)

Middle English: sonne, sunne, sone, son, sune, sun, sunna, sunnæ, synne, soen, zunne (Southern West Mid), zonne (Kent)
English: sun
Scots: sun
Yola: zin

From Proto-West Germanic *sunnō. Masculine form of sunne.


wodnesdæg

wōdnesdæġ (canonical masculine)
wōdnesdæġ (nominative singular)
wōdnesdagas (nominative plural)
wōdnesdæġ (accusative singular)
wōdnesdagas (accusative plural)
wōdnesdæġes (genitive singular)
wōdnesdaga (genitive plural)
wōdnesdæġe (dative singular)
wōdnesdagum (dative plural)
*wēdnesdæġ (alternative)
wōdnesdœġ (alternative)

Middle English: Wednesday, Wednesdei, Wodnesdai, Wedonesday, wednesday
English: Wednesday
→ Maori: Wenerei
Scots: Wadensday
Yola: Wennesdei

From Wōdnes (“gen. of Wōden”) + dæġ (“day”), from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag, a calque of Latin diēs Mercuriī.

compound

gen. of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">Wōden</i>


þursdæg

þursdæġ (canonical masculine)
þursdæġ (nominative singular)
þursdagas (nominative plural)
þursdæġ (accusative singular)
þursdagas (accusative plural)
þursdæġes (genitive singular)
þursdaga (genitive plural)
þursdæġe (dative singular)
þursdagum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: Thursday, Thuresday, Thurysday, Þursday, Thoresday
English: Thursday
Scots: Forsday, Försday
Yola: Thorsdei

Possibly from a contraction of þunresdæġ (“Thursday”, literally “Thunor's day”), but more likely from Old Norse þōrsdagr or Old Danish þūrsdag (“Thursday”) (compare modern Danish torsdag); all from Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag (“day of the thunder god”), a calque of Latin dies Iovis, equivalent to Þunres (“genitive of the god's name Þunor”) + dæġ (“day”). More at thunder, day.

compound

genitive of the god's name <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">Þunor</i>


frigedæg

frīġedæġ (canonical masculine)
frīġedæġ (nominative singular)
frīġedagas (nominative plural)
frīġedæġ (accusative singular)
frīġedagas (accusative plural)
frīġedæġes (genitive singular)
frīġedaga (genitive plural)
frīġedæġe (dative singular)
frīġedagum (dative plural)
frigdæg (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: Friday, ffryday, Freday, fridai, Fryda, fryday, Vriday, vridei, fridæi, Fridæig, friȝdæi (Early Middle English)
English: Friday
Tok Pisin: Fraide
→ Maori: Paraire
Scots: Friday
Yola: Vreedie, Vridei, vreedei

From Proto-West Germanic *Frījā dag, a calque of Latin diēs Veneris (“Friday”, literally “day of Venus”).


ryge

ryġe (canonical masculine)
ryġi (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: rye, rie, reye, reyghe, reyhe, ruye
English: rye
Scots: ry
Yola: ree

→? Middle Welsh: ryc

Welsh: rhyg

From Proto-West Germanic *rugi, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo- (compare Russian рожь (rožʹ) and Old Prussian rugis).
See also Old Frisian rogga (West Frisian rogge), Old Saxon roggo (Low German Rogg), Dutch rogge, Old High German rocko (German Roggen, Rocken), Old Norse rugr (Danish rug, Swedish råg).


þrop

þrop (nominative singular)
þropas (nominative plural)
þrop (accusative singular)
þropas (accusative plural)
þropes (genitive singular)
þropa (genitive plural)
þrope (dative singular)
þropum (dative plural)


fana

fana (nominative singular)
fanan (nominative plural)
fanan (accusative singular)
fanan (accusative plural)
fanan (genitive singular)
fanena (genitive plural)
fanan (dative singular)
fanum (dative plural)
fæna (alternative)
fona (alternative)

Middle English: fane, vane

English: fane, vane

Scots: fane, fen

From Proto-West Germanic *fanō, from Proto-Germanic *fanô.


fearh

fēaras (nominative plural)
fearh (nominative singular)
fēaras (nominative plural)
fearh (accusative singular)
fēaras (accusative plural)
fēares (genitive singular)
fēara (genitive plural)
fēare (dative singular)
fēarum (dative plural)

q

attested only in plural form <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">faren</i>

Middle English: *farow, *fargh (attested only in plural form faren)

English: farrow

Scots: ferrae, ferry, farry

Yola: farragh

From Proto-West Germanic *farh, from Proto-Germanic *farhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos. Cognate with Old High German farah,
Latin porcus.


atorcoppe

ātorcoppe (canonical feminine)
ātorcoppe (nominative singular)
ātorcoppan (nominative plural)
ātorcoppan (accusative singular)
ātorcoppan (accusative plural)
ātorcoppan (genitive singular)
ātorcoppena (genitive plural)
ātorcoppan (dative singular)
ātorcoppum (dative plural)
āttorcoppe (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: attercoppe, addercoppe, hadercoppe, nedercoppe
English: attercop
Translingual: Attercopus
Scots: attircop, attercop
Yola: attercop

ātor (“poison”) + *coppe (“something round”), from Proto-West Germanic *kopp. Identical in formation to Old Danish ederkoppæ (whence Danish edderkop) and Old Swedish eterkoppe. For more, see cop.


ator

ātor (canonical neuter)
ātru (nominative plural)
ātor (nominative singular)
ātru (nominative plural)
ātor (accusative singular)
ātru (accusative plural)
ātres (genitive singular)
ātra (genitive plural)
ātre (dative singular)
ātrum (dative plural)
āttor (alternative)
ǣtor (alternative)
ǣttor (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: atter, attere, attir, attre, atture, attyr, attyre, atterr (Ormulum)
English: atter
Scots: atter, etter

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Marus ġemētte ænne man eft sē wæs yfele ġetawod and hine ǣt se cancor and his weleres wǣron āwlǣtte mid ealle and ēac his nosu fornumen mid āttre...

Again Maurus found a man who was evilly stricken, and a cancer was eating him, and his lips were rendered loathsome thereby, and likewise his nose destroyed by the poison;...

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Đā ongunnon ealle ðā nǣddran tō ċēowenne heora flæsċ and heora blōd sucan, þæt hī þæt āttor ūt ātugon

Then all the snakes began to chew their flesh and suck their blood in order to draw out the venom.


lybb

Middle English: libbe

Scots: lib

English: lib (dialectal)

From Proto-West Germanic *lubi, from Proto-Germanic *lubją (“herb, poison, love potion”). Akin to Old High German luppi, Old Norse lyf.


æcern

æcern (nominative singular)
æcernu (nominative plural)
æcern (accusative singular)
æcernu (accusative plural)
æcernes (genitive singular)
æcerna (genitive plural)
æcerne (dative singular)
æcernum (dative plural)
æceran (alternative)
æceren (alternative)
æcirn (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: acorn
English: acorn
Scots: aicorn

From Proto-Germanic *akraną, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ógeh₂ (“berry”). Cognate with Old Frisian akern, Old Saxon akeran, Old High German ackeran, Old Norse akarn, Gothic 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽 (akran).


hnitu

hnitu (nominative singular)
hnite (nominative plural)
hnitu (accusative singular)
hnite (accusative plural)
hnite (genitive singular)
hnita (genitive plural)
hnite (dative singular)
hnitum (dative plural)

From West Proto-Germanic *hnits. Cognate with Old High German niz (German Nisse), Middle Dutch neet (Dutch neet).


hræfn

hræfn (nominative singular)
hræfnas (nominative plural)
hræfn (accusative singular)
hræfnas (accusative plural)
hræfnes (genitive singular)
hræfna (genitive plural)
hræfne (dative singular)
hræfnum (dative plural)
hrefn (alternative)
hræmn (alternative)
hrem (alternative)
hremn (alternative)
hræfen (alternative)

Middle English: raven, reven, revin

English: raven

Scots: ravin, revin, rawin

From Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz. Cognate with Old Frisian raven, Old Saxon hraƀan, Old Dutch ravan, Old High German raban, Old Norse hrafn. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-, whence Latin corvus.

Hræfen wandrode

Date uncertain, unknown author, Finnsburh fragment lines 34-35


scearu

sċearu (canonical feminine)
sċearu (nominative singular)
sċeara (nominative plural)
sċeare (nominative plural)
sċeare (accusative singular)
sċeara (accusative plural)
sċeare (accusative plural)
sċeare (genitive singular)
sċeara (genitive plural)
sċeare (dative singular)
sċearum (dative plural)
sċaro (alternative)
sċyru (alternative)

Middle English: share

Scots: schare

English: share

From Proto-West Germanic *skaru, from Proto-Germanic *skarō (“division; share; troop”), whence also Old High German scara, Dutch schaar.

inh

(anatomy) the groin; pubic region; genitals; stomach; bowel


scear

sċēar (canonical feminine)
sċēar (nominative singular)
sċēare (nominative plural)
sċēara (nominative plural)
sċēar (accusative singular)
sċēare (accusative singular)
sċēare (accusative plural)
sċēara (accusative plural)
sċēare (genitive singular)
sċēara (genitive plural)
sċēare (dative singular)
sċēarum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: schere, chere, sheer, shere, shyre
English: shear
Scots: shear
Yola: sheare

From earlier *sċǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *skāri, from Proto-Germanic *skēriz. Related to Old High German skāra (“shears, tonsure”), West Frisian skjirre, Dutch schaar, German Schere, Icelandic skæri.


scear

desctree

Middle English: share, sharre, shzar, sher
English: share
Yola: shor, shar, shaar

From Proto-West Germanic *skar, from Proto-Germanic *skarą, *skaraz (“ploughshare”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”), whence also Old High German skaro and skara (“ploughshare”).


sicol

sicol (nominative singular)
sicolas (nominative plural)
sicol (accusative singular)
sicolas (accusative plural)
sicoles (genitive singular)
sicola (genitive plural)
sicole (dative singular)
sicolum (dative plural)
sicul (alternative)
siċel (alternative)
siocol (alternative Kentish)

desc

Middle English: sikel, sekell, sikil, sykel

English: sickle

Scots: sikil, sicle, sickle


socc

socc (nominative singular)
soccas (nominative plural)
socc (accusative singular)
soccas (accusative plural)
socces (genitive singular)
socca (genitive plural)
socce (dative singular)
soccum (dative plural)
soc (alternative)

Middle English: socke, sokke, sok

English: sock (see there for further descendants)

Scots: sock


sticca

sticca (nominative singular)
sticcan (nominative plural)
sticcan (accusative singular)
sticcan (accusative plural)
sticcan (genitive singular)
sticcena (genitive plural)
sticcan (dative singular)
sticcum (dative plural)
*stecca (alternative)

Middle English: stikke, sticke, stik

English: stick

Scots: stick, stikk

From Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”), whence also Old High German stecko.

der

a piece of wood used as a spoon, wooden spoon


cran

cran (nominative singular)
cranas (nominative plural)
cran (accusative singular)
cranas (accusative plural)
cranes (genitive singular)
crana (genitive plural)
crane (dative singular)
cranum (dative plural)
cræn (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: crane, craane, cranne, craune, krane, crone (West Midlands)
English: crane (see there for further descendants)
Scots: cran
⇒ Yola: kraanberry, kraaneberry

Se cran wæs standende on ānum sċancan.

Oft man ġehīerþ cranas lange ǣr hē hīe ġesiehþ.

You often hear cranes long before you see them.

Þā cranas wyrċaþ heora nest on ċiriċena belhūsum.

The cranes make their nests in the bell towers of churches.


wala

Middle English: wāle


wini

wini (nominative singular)
winas (nominative plural)
wini (accusative singular)
winas (accusative plural)
wines (genitive singular)
wina (genitive plural)
wini (dative singular)
winum (dative plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


bede

inflection of bedu:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of bedu:
nominative/accusative plural


bergan

inflection of berġe:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of berġe:
genitive/dative singular


hana

hana (nominative singular)
hanan (nominative plural)
hanan (accusative singular)
hanan (accusative plural)
hanan (genitive singular)
hanena (genitive plural)
hanan (dative singular)
hanum (dative plural)

Middle English: *hane (attested in hane-crau)

From Proto-West Germanic *hanō, from Proto-Germanic *hanô.


fearn

fearn (nominative singular)
fearn (nominative plural)
fearn (accusative singular)
fearn (accusative plural)
fearnes (genitive singular)
fearna (genitive plural)
fearne (dative singular)
fearnum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: fern, vern, fearn, farn, varn, firn
English: fern
Scots: farne, fairn
Yola: vearne, fearn

From Proto-West Germanic *farn, from Proto-Indo-European *p(t)erH-. Cognate with Old High German farn (German Farn).


hoppa

hoppa (nominative singular)
hoppan (nominative plural)
hoppan (accusative singular)
hoppan (accusative plural)
hoppan (genitive singular)
hoppena (genitive plural)
hoppan (dative singular)
hoppum (dative plural)

Equivalent to hoppian + -a. Attested in græshoppa.

agent noun of hoppian
bouncer (one who bounces)


wea

wēa (canonical masculine)
wēa (nominative singular)
wēan (nominative plural)
wēan (accusative singular)
wēan (accusative plural)
wēan (genitive singular)
wēana (genitive plural)
wēan (dative singular)
wēam (dative plural)
wēaum (dative plural)
wāwa (alternative)

Middle English: we, wee, wea, wæ; wowe

The Old English rune poem
ᚹ ne brūceþ þe can wēana lȳt...

Joy he has, he who knows little of woe...


ylde

ylde (nominative plural)
ylde (accusative plural)
ylda (genitive plural)
yldum (dative plural)


ylde

inflection of yldo:
nominative/accusative plural

inflection of yldo:
accusative/genitive/dative singular


hete

hete (nominative singular)
hetas (nominative plural)
hete (accusative singular)
hetas (accusative plural)
hetes (genitive singular)
heta (genitive plural)
hete (dative singular)
hetum (dative plural)

Middle English: hete, het; hate, ate, haate, hat, hatte (influenced by the verb)
English: hate
Scots: hate, hait, heit

From Proto-West Germanic *hati. Cognate with Old Saxon heti, Old High German haz, Old Norse hatr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis).

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
On þām ġewinne, ⁊ on moneġum oþrum æfter þǣm, Hannibal ġecȳþde þone nīþ ⁊ þone hete þe hē beforan his fæder ġeswōr, þā hē nigonwintre cniht wæs, þæt hē næfre ne wurde Rōmana frēond.

In that battle, and in many others after that, Hannibal proved the hatred and hostility that he swore before his father when he was a nine-year-old boy, that he would never become a friend of the Romans.


heteniþ

hetenīþ (canonical masculine)
hetenīþas (nominative plural)


timberland

timberland (nominative singular)
timberland (nominative plural)
timberland (accusative singular)
timberland (accusative plural)
timberlandes (genitive singular)
timberlanda (genitive plural)
timberlande (dative singular)
timberlandum (dative plural)


muga

mūga (canonical masculine)
mūgan (nominative plural)
mūga (nominative singular)
mūgan (nominative plural)
mūgan (accusative singular)
mūgan (accusative plural)
mūgan (genitive singular)
mūgena (genitive plural)
mūgan (dative singular)
mūgum (dative plural)
muha (alternative)
muwa (alternative)

English: mow

From Proto-Germanic *mūgô, from Proto-Indo-European *muk- (“heap”), similar to Ancient Greek μύκων (múkōn, “pile”).
Akin to Old Norse múgi (“swathe, crowd”), múgr (“crowd, mob”) (Norwegian muge (“pile, heap”), Faroese múgva/múgvi (“crowd”)).


dreng

drenġ (canonical masculine)
drenġ (nominative singular)
drenġas (nominative plural)
drenġ (accusative singular)
drenġas (accusative plural)
drenġes (genitive singular)
drenġa (genitive plural)
drenġe (dative singular)
drenġum (dative plural)
drench (alternative)

Middle English: dreng, dranch, dring, dringch, ðring
→ Medieval Latin: drengus
→ English: dreng, drenge
>? Scots: dring

From Proto-West Germanic *drangī, from Proto-Germanic *drangijaz.


frosc

frosc (nominative singular)
froscas (nominative plural)
frosc (accusative singular)
froscas (accusative plural)
frosċes (genitive singular)
frosca (genitive plural)
frosċe (dative singular)
froscum (dative plural)
frox (alternative)
forsc (alternative)

Middle English: frosk, frosch

English: frosk, frosh

From Proto-West Germanic *frosk, from Proto-Germanic *fruskaz.
Cognate with Old Frisian *frosk, Old Saxon *frosk, Old Dutch forsk, Old High German frosc, Old Norse froskr.


fetel

fetel (nominative singular)
fetelas (nominative plural)
fetel (accusative singular)
fetelas (accusative plural)
feteles (genitive singular)
fetela (genitive plural)
fetele (dative singular)
fetelum (dative plural)
fetel (nominative singular)
fetlas (nominative plural)
fetel (accusative singular)
fetlas (accusative plural)
fetles (genitive singular)
fetla (genitive plural)
fetle (dative singular)
fetlum (dative plural)

Middle English: *fetel

English: fettle (dialectal)

gl

possibly from Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">fetill</i>

Scots: fettel (possibly from Old Norse fetill)

From Proto-West Germanic *fatil, from Proto-Germanic *fatilaz, whence also Old High German fezzil, Old Norse fetill.


buccan

inflection of bucca:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of bucca:
genitive/dative singular


twiga

twiġa (canonical masculine)
twiġa (nominative singular)
twiġan (nominative plural)
twiġan (accusative singular)
twiġan (accusative plural)
twiġan (genitive singular)
twiġena (genitive plural)
twiġan (dative singular)
twiġum (dative plural)


hylla

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of hyll


cribb

head

cribb f (nominative plural cribbe or cribba)

cribbe (nominative plural)
cribba (nominative plural)
cribb (nominative singular)
cribba (nominative plural)
cribbe (nominative plural)
cribbe (accusative singular)
cribba (accusative plural)
cribbe (accusative plural)
cribbe (genitive singular)
cribba (genitive plural)
cribbe (dative singular)
cribbum (dative plural)

English: crib

From Proto-West Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *kribjǭ.


guman

inflection of guma:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of guma:
nominative/accusative plural


mome

mōme (canonical feminine)
mōme (nominative singular)
mōman (nominative plural)
mōman (accusative singular)
mōman (accusative plural)
mōman (genitive singular)
mōmena (genitive plural)
mōman (dative singular)
mōmum (dative plural)

gl

influenced by Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">móna</i> (“mother”)

Middle English: mome, mone (influenced by Old Norse móna (“mother”))

English: mama, mom, mum

From Proto-West Germanic *mōmā, from Proto-Germanic *mōmǭ (“mother's sister, aunt”).


dura

inflection of duru:
genitive/dative singular

inflection of duru:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


panne

panne (nominative singular)
pannan (nominative plural)
pannan (accusative singular)
pannan (accusative plural)
pannan (genitive singular)
pannena (genitive plural)
pannan (dative singular)
pannum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: panne, pan, pane, ponne (West Midlands)
English: pan
→? Irish: panna
→ Japanese: パン
Scots: pan

Hū fela ǣġra wilt þū þæt iċ on þǣre pannan brǣde?

How many eggs do you want me to fry in the pan?

late 12th century, Peri Didaxeon
Hǣt þæt wīn on clǣnre pannan.


borda

borda (nominative singular)
bordan (nominative plural)
bordan (accusative singular)
bordan (accusative plural)
bordan (genitive singular)
bordena (genitive plural)
bordan (dative singular)
bordum (dative plural)

Middle English: borde

Scots: burde, buird

an ornamental border; fringe; embroidery


linde

inflection of lind:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of lind:
genitive/dative singular


ceder

ċeder (canonical feminine)
ċeder (nominative singular)
ċedra (nominative plural)
ċedre (nominative plural)
ċedre (accusative singular)
ċedra (accusative plural)
ċedre (accusative plural)
ċedre (genitive singular)
ċedra (genitive plural)
ċedre (dative singular)
ċedrum (dative plural)
ċedar (alternative)

gl

Middle English: cedre (attested 1175 as cedrus (plural); merged with Old French cedre)

English: cedar

Scots: ceder, cedir


myne

myne (nominative singular)
mynas (nominative plural)
myne (accusative singular)
mynas (accusative plural)
mynes (genitive singular)
myna (genitive plural)
myne (dative singular)
mynum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *muni, from Proto-Germanic *muniz (“thought, feeling, emotion, desire”). Cognate with Old Norse munr, Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐍃 (muns).


myne

myne (nominative singular)
mynas (nominative plural)
myne (accusative singular)
mynas (accusative plural)
mynes (genitive singular)
myna (genitive plural)
myne (dative singular)
mynum (dative plural)
mine (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *muniwu (“minnow”).


scyte

sċyte (canonical masculine)
sċyte (nominative singular)
sċytas (nominative plural)
sċyte (accusative singular)
sċytas (accusative plural)
sċytes (genitive singular)
sċyta (genitive plural)
sċyte (dative singular)
sċytum (dative plural)

Middle English: schute


teter

English: tetter

From Proto-West Germanic *tetru, from Proto-Germanic *tetruz, *tetruhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dedru-, from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to flay, split, crack”).


wæg

wǣġ (canonical masculine)
wǣgas (nominative plural)
wǣġ (nominative singular)
wǣgas (nominative plural)
wǣġ (accusative singular)
wǣgas (accusative plural)
wǣġes (genitive singular)
wǣga (genitive plural)
wǣġe (dative singular)
wǣgum (dative plural)
wāg (alternative)
wēġ (alternative)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

From Proto-West Germanic *wāg (“wave”). Cognate with Old Norse vágr (“sea”), Swedish våg (“wave”), German Woge (“wave”).

(poetic) water (as an open place / means of transportation instead of a substance)


wæg

wǣġ (canonical feminine)
wǣġ (nominative singular)
wǣga (nominative plural)
wǣġe (nominative plural)
wǣġe (accusative singular)
wǣga (accusative plural)
wǣġe (accusative plural)
wǣġe (genitive singular)
wǣga (genitive plural)
wǣġe (dative singular)
wǣgum (dative plural)
wǣġe (alternative)

desc

Middle English: wei, weie, waie, weihe, wæȝe

English: wey

From Proto-West Germanic *wāgu (“scales; weight”).

inh

c. 994, Ælfric, On the Year
Ǣlċe mōnað hēo yrnð under ān þǣra tacna. Ān þǣra tacna ys ġehāten aries, þæt is ramm; oðer taurus, þæt is fearr; ðridda gemini, þæt synd ġetwisan; fēorða cancer, þæt is crabba; fīfta leo; syxta virgo, þæt is mǣden; seofoða libra, þæt is pund orde wǣġe; eahtoðe scorpius, þæt is þrōwend; nigoða is sagittarius, þæt is sċytta; teoða ys capricornus, þæt is buccan horn, oððe bucca; endlyfta is aquarius, þæt is wæter-ġyte, oððe þe þe wæter ġyt; twelfte is pisces, þæt synd fixas.

Each month runs under one of the signs [of the Zodiac]. The first of the signs is called aries, that is "ram"; the second is taurus, that is "bull"; the third is gemini, that is "twins"; the fourth is cancer, that is "crab"; the fifth is lion; the sixth is virgo, that is "virgin"; the seventh is libra, that is "pound" or "scales"; eighth is scorpious, that is "scorpion"; ninth is sagittarius, that is "shooter"; tenth is capricornus, that is "he-goat's horn" or "he-goat"; eleventh is aquarius, that is "pouring water" or "one that pours water"; twelfth is pisces, that is "fishes."


wæg

wæġ (canonical masculine)
wæġ (nominative singular)
wægas (nominative plural)
wæġ (accusative singular)
wægas (accusative plural)
wæġes (genitive singular)
wæga (genitive plural)
wæġe (dative singular)
wægum (dative plural)

Alternative form of weġ (“a way; a road”)


missere

missere (nominative singular)
misseru (nominative plural)
missere (accusative singular)
misseru (accusative plural)
misseres (genitive singular)
missera (genitive plural)
missere (dative singular)
misserum (dative plural)

Cognate with Old Norse misseri (“a season (of six months)”). Possibly related to mæl from Proto-Germanic *mēlą (“measure, time, occasion”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European root *meh₁- (“to measure”).

cog

Sona þæt onfunde, se ðe floda begong heorogifre beheold hund missera.

At once he found her, who had guarded the water's realm ravenously for a hundred half-years. (Beowulf, ll. 1498-9)


mægen

mæġen (canonical neuter)
mæġen (nominative singular)
mæġnu (nominative plural)
mæġen (accusative singular)
mæġnu (accusative plural)
mæġnes (genitive singular)
mæġna (genitive plural)
mæġne (dative singular)
mæġnum (dative plural)
mæġen (nominative singular)
mæġenu (nominative plural)
mæġen (accusative singular)
mæġenu (accusative plural)
mæġenes (genitive singular)
mæġena (genitive plural)
mæġene (dative singular)
mæġenum (dative plural)
mæġn (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: mayn, mæȝan, mægen, mæine, mæȝen, mæin, mæigne, meȝen (Early Middle English), main, maine, mayne, mein, meyn, meyne
English: main
Scots: mayne, mayn, main, mane

From Proto-Germanic *maganą, *maginą, whence also Old Saxon megin, Old High German magan, megin, Old Norse magn, megin, megn. See also magan.

folcmæġen

public force, folk power, people power, army

hordmæġen

abundance of wealth, riches, power of wealth

lēodmæġen

might of the people, people power, host power, virtue

lofmæġen

abundance, greatness of praise, power of praise

mæġenēaca

increase in power, reinforcement, succour

mæġenfolc

a mighty company of folk, a might people

mæġenþrymm

power, might, greatness, glory; heavenly host: Christ: heaven

"Gospel of Saint Luke", chapter 10, verse 19

And now I gave you power to tread over adders and snakes and over each fiends' force. And no thing harms you.

And nū ic sealde ēow ānweald tō tredenne ofer nǣddran. And snacan and ofer ǣlc fēondes mæġen. And nān þing ēow ne derað...

mæġenheard


þunresdæg

þunresdæġ (canonical masculine)
þunresdæġ (nominative singular)
þunresdagas (nominative plural)
þunresdæġ (accusative singular)
þunresdagas (accusative plural)
þunresdæġes (genitive singular)
þunresdaga (genitive plural)
þunresdæġe (dative singular)
þunresdagum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag (“Thursday”). Equivalent to Þunres (“Thunor's, Thor's”) + dæġ (“day”).

com

þursdæġ

possibly a contraction or alternatively derived from a North Germanic language


folm

folm (nominative singular)
folma (nominative plural)
folme (nominative plural)
folme (accusative singular)
folma (accusative plural)
folme (accusative plural)
folme (genitive singular)
folma (genitive plural)
folme (dative singular)
folmum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *fulmō. Doublet of palm(a).

Ne hafað hio fot ne folm ne æfre foldan hran / ne eagene ægþer twega ne muð hafað.

1963, Paull Franklin Baum, Anglo-Saxon Riddles of the Exeter Book:

It has neither foot nor hand, nor touches the ground / nor two eyes nor mouth nor speaks with men


aglæca

āglǣċa (canonical masculine)
āglǣċa (nominative singular)
āglǣċan (nominative plural)
āglǣċan (accusative singular)
āglǣċan (accusative plural)
āglǣċan (genitive singular)
āglǣċena (genitive plural)
āglǣċan (dative singular)
āglǣċum (dative plural)
ǣglǣċa (alternative)
āhlǣċa (alternative)
āglǣċea (alternative)
āglēċa (alternative)
ǣclǣċa (alternative)

/ˈɑːˌɡlæː.t͡ʃɑ/

From āglāc (“distress, torment, misery”). A difficult and much-debated word. Possibly in origin a compound from the root of ece (“ache, pain”) + lāc (“ritual, performance, demonstration”) (Bosworth 1882), but this is disputed.
Found mostly in poetry, and there mostly of monsters and devils, but once of Beowulf and once of Sigemund.
The sole attestation in prose is also a unique relational adjectival use, in Byrhtferth's Enchiridion, where it refers to the scholar Bede as se æglæca lareow, making clear that the word is not inherently pejorative but carries a meaning of "awe-inspiring, formidable".

compound

(poetic) an awesome or formidable opponent, ferocious fighter


wifman

wīfman (canonical masculine)
wīfmen (nominative plural)


hæle

hæle (nominative singular)
hæleþ (nominative plural)
hæle (accusative singular)
hæleþ (accusative plural)
hæleþ (genitive singular)
hæleþa (genitive plural)
hæleþ (dative singular)
hæleþum (dative plural)
hæleþ (nominative singular)
hæleþas (nominative plural)
hæleþ (accusative singular)
hæleþas (accusative plural)
hæleþes (genitive singular)
hæleþa (genitive plural)
hæleþe (dative singular)
hæleþum (dative plural)
hæleþ (alternative)
hæleð (alternative)

i

conflation with <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">athel</i> (“nobleman”)

Middle English: heleð, haleð, hæleð; hathel (conflation with athel (“nobleman”))

English: (obsolete) health

Middle Scots: hathill

From Proto-West Germanic *haliþ, from Proto-Germanic *haliþaz. Compare cognates: Old Norse halr (“hero, person”), hǫldr (“free-born, prominent yeoman”), also German Held (“hero”).

Saga hwæt iċ hātte, þe swā scireniġe scēawendwīsan hlūde onhyrġe, hæleþum bodie wilcumena fela wōþe mīnre.

Say what I am called, who as actress loudly imitate a jester song, proclaim many welcome guests as heroes with my voice.


banhus

bānhūs (canonical neuter)
bānhūs (nominative plural)

From bān (“bone”) + hūs (“house”). Compare sāwelhūs (“body”, literally “soul house”) and feorhhūs (“body”, literally “spirit house”).


wigsmiþ

wīġsmiþ (canonical masculine)
wīġsmiþ (nominative singular)
wīġsmiþas (nominative plural)
wīġsmiþ (accusative singular)
wīġsmiþas (accusative plural)
wīġsmiþes (genitive singular)
wīġsmiþa (genitive plural)
wīġsmiþe (dative singular)
wīġsmiþum (dative plural)


hamora laf

hamora lāf (nominative singular)
hamora lāfa (nominative plural)
hamora lāfe (nominative plural)
hamora lāfe (accusative singular)
hamora lāfa (accusative plural)
hamora lāfe (accusative plural)
hamora lāfe (genitive singular)
hamora lāfa (genitive plural)
hamora lāfe (dative singular)
hamora lāfum (dative plural)
hamera lāf (alternative)
homera lāf (alternative)

From the genitive plural of hamor (“hammer”) + lāf (“remains, legacy”), in reference to the manner in which swords are made.

Bordweal clufan, / hēowan heaþolinde · hamora lāfan.

They clove the shield-wall, / hacked at linden shields with swords. (Battle of Brunanburh)


hamor

hamoras (nominative plural)
hamor (nominative singular)
hamoras (nominative plural)
hamor (accusative singular)
hamoras (accusative plural)
hamores (genitive singular)
hamora (genitive plural)
hamore (dative singular)
hamorum (dative plural)
homer (alternative)

Middle English: hamer

English: hammer

From Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros, from *h₂éḱmō (“stone”).
Cognate with Old Frisian hamar (West Frisian hammer), Old Saxon hamar (Low German Hamer), Dutch hamer, Old High German hamar (German Hammer), Old Norse hamarr (Danish hammer, Swedish hammare).


laf

lāf (canonical feminine)
lāf (nominative singular)
lāfa (nominative plural)
lāfe (nominative plural)
lāfe (accusative singular)
lāfa (accusative plural)
lāfe (accusative plural)
lāfe (genitive singular)
lāfa (genitive plural)
lāfe (dative singular)
lāfum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: love, lave, leve, loove, lafe, læve, loave (Early Middle English)
English: lave
Scots: lave

From Proto-West Germanic *laibu, from Proto-Germanic *laibō. More at lǣfan.

c. 1011, Byrhtferth, Manual, line 125

c. 971, Unknown, "The Blicking Homilies"
...forþon nū ġīt þrȳ dagas tō lāfe syndon þæt hīe hine willað ācwellan and him tō mete dōn.

...for three days yet remain, and then they will slay and eat him.


cometa

comēta (canonical masculine)
comēta (nominative singular)
comētan (nominative plural)
comētan (accusative singular)
comētan (accusative plural)
comētan (genitive singular)
comētena (genitive plural)
comētan (dative singular)
comētum (dative plural)

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
An. DCLXXVIII Hēr atēowede comēta se steorra on Auguste ⁊ sċān III monðas ælċe morgen swilċe sunne bēam.

Year 678 In this year a comet star appeared in August and shone like a sunbeam each morning for three months.


duna

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of dūn


synnihte

synnihte (nominative singular)
synnihte (accusative singular)
synnihtes (genitive singular)
synnihte (dative singular)


angenga

āngenġa (canonical masculine)
āngenġa (nominative singular)
āngenġan (nominative plural)
āngenġan (accusative singular)
āngenġan (accusative plural)
āngenġan (genitive singular)
āngenġena (genitive plural)
āngenġan (dative singular)
āngenġum (dative plural)
āngenġea (alternative)

[ˈɑːnˌɡen.d͡ʒɑ]

Equivalent to ān- + *genġa, literally “someone who walks alone.” Compare German Einzelgänger (“loner”) and Icelandic einfari (“loner”), which are formed similarly.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Epiphany of the Lord"
Þā tungolwītgan ġesāwon nīewne steorran beorhtne, nā on heofonum betwēox ōðrum tunglum, ac wæs āngenġa betwēox heofonum and eorðan.

The astrologers saw a bright new star, not in the sky among the others, but a lone wanderer between heaven and earth.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Dedication of the Church of St. Michael the Archangel"
Hit ġelamp, þā þā sēo ormǣte miċelnes his orfes on þǣre dūne lǣswode, þæt sum mōdiġ fearr wearþ āngenġa and þǣre heorde drāfe oferhogode.

One time, when his massive herd of cattle was grazing on the mountain, an unruly bull went rogue and scorned the herd.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Dedication of the Church of St. Michael the Archangel"
Hē þā mid graman wearþ āstyred, hwȳ sē fearr āngenġa his heorde forsāwe, and ġebende his bogan, and mid ġeǣttrode flāne hine ofsċēotan wolde.

Swollen with anger that this rogue bull dared to break from his heard, he readied his bow to shoot it dead with a poison arrow.


brecþ

Þæt wæs wræc micel wine Scyldinga, modes brecþa.

That was great suffering to the lord of the Shieldings, griefs of his heart. (Beowulf ll. 170-1)


færgryre

head

fǣrgryre m (nominative plural fǣrgryras)

fǣrgryre (canonical masculine)
fǣrgryras (nominative plural)
fǣrgryre (nominative singular)
fǣrgryras (nominative plural)
fǣrgryre (accusative singular)
fǣrgryras (accusative plural)
fǣrgryres (genitive singular)
fǣrgryra (genitive plural)
fǣrgryre (dative singular)
fǣrgryrum (dative plural)


borde

borde (nominative singular)
bordan (nominative plural)
bordan (accusative singular)
bordan (accusative plural)
bordan (genitive singular)
bordena (genitive plural)
bordan (dative singular)
bordum (dative plural)


dela

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of delu


wigweorþung

wīġweorþung (canonical feminine)
wīġweorþung (nominative singular)
wīġweorþunga (nominative plural)
wīġweorþunge (nominative plural)
wīġweorþunge (accusative singular)
wīġweorþunga (accusative plural)
wīġweorþunge (accusative plural)
wīġweorþunge (genitive singular)
wīġweorþunga (genitive plural)
wīġweorþunge (dative singular)
wīġweorþungum (dative plural)


ent

ent (nominative singular)
entas (nominative plural)
ent (accusative singular)
entas (accusative plural)
entes (genitive singular)
enta (genitive plural)
ente (dative singular)
entum (dative plural)

Middle English: eont

→ English: ent

From Proto-West Germanic *anti, from unknown origin.

unk

unknown

Ȳþde swā þisne eardġeard · ælda Sċyppend
oþþæt burgwara · breahtma lēase
eald enta ġeweorc · īdlu stōdon.

Thus, Creator of men was destroying this world
until works of old giants, lacking of
citizens' noises, stood empty.


lieg

līeġ (canonical masculine)
līeġ (nominative singular)
līeġas (nominative plural)
līeġ (accusative singular)
līeġas (accusative plural)
līeġes (genitive singular)
līeġa (genitive plural)
līeġe (dative singular)
līeġum (dative plural)
līġ (alternative)
lēġ (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *laugi, from Proto-Germanic *laugiz. Cognate with Old High German loug, Old Norse leygr.


gastbana

head

gāstbana m (nominative plural gāstbanan)

gāstbana (canonical masculine)
gāstbanan (nominative plural)

/ˈɡɑːstˌbɑ.nɑ/

(poetic) destroyer of souls; devil, demon


þeodþrea

/ˈθe͜oːdˌθræ͜ɑː/

(poetic) national disaster, great calamity


hyht

hyht (nominative singular)
hyhtas (nominative plural)
hyht (accusative singular)
hyhtas (accusative plural)
hyhtes (genitive singular)
hyhta (genitive plural)
hyhte (dative singular)
hyhtum (dative plural)
hiht (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: hight, huht, hihht, hihte, hiȝte, hiht
English: hight (obsolete)

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *huhtiz, from *hugiz (“thought; mind”). Compare Middle High German huht (“thought; mind; memory”), Old English hyġd (“meaning; thought; remembrance”).

cog

Blickling Homilies, "Pentecost Sunday"
... ⁊ hē him forġeaf ēċes līfes hyht.

... and he gave them the hope of everlasting life.


henne

inflection of henn:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of henn:
genitive/dative singular


bata

genitive/nominative/accusative plural of bāt


bordan

inflection of borda:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of borda:
nominative/accusative plural


colmase

cōlmāse (canonical feminine)
cōlmāse (nominative singular)
cōlmāsan (nominative plural)
cōlmāsan (accusative singular)
cōlmāsan (accusative plural)
cōlmāsan (genitive singular)
cōlmāsena (genitive plural)
cōlmāsan (dative singular)
cōlmāsum (dative plural)

Periparus ater
Periparus ater#Translingual


cometan

inflection of comēta:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of comēta:
genitive/dative singular


dora

dora (nominative singular)
doran (nominative plural)
doran (accusative singular)
doran (accusative plural)
doran (genitive singular)
dorena (genitive plural)
doran (dative singular)
dorum (dative plural)

desc

English: dor, dumbledore, dorbeetle, dorfly, dorrfly

From Proto-Germanic *durô (“bumblebee, humming insect”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-, *dʰrēn- (“bee, hornet, drone”). Related to Middle Low German dorne (“bumblebee”), Middle Dutch dorne (“bumblebee”), Dutch dar (“drone”), Old English drān (“drone”). More at drone, dor.


doran

inflection of dora:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of dora:
genitive/dative singular


filmen

filmen (nominative singular)
filmenas (nominative plural)
filmen (accusative singular)
filmenas (accusative plural)
filmenes (genitive singular)
filmena (genitive plural)
filmene (dative singular)
filmenum (dative plural)
filmen (nominative singular)
filmenu (nominative plural)
filmen (accusative singular)
filmenu (accusative plural)
filmenes (genitive singular)
filmena (genitive plural)
filmene (dative singular)
filmenum (dative plural)
filmen (nominative singular)
filmena (nominative plural)
filmene (nominative plural)
filmene (accusative singular)
filmena (accusative plural)
filmene (accusative plural)
filmene (genitive singular)
filmena (genitive plural)
filmene (dative singular)
filmenum (dative plural)
filmen (nominative singular)
filmenna (nominative plural)
filmenne (nominative plural)
filmenne (accusative singular)
filmenna (accusative plural)
filmenne (accusative plural)
filmenne (genitive singular)
filmenna (genitive plural)
filmenne (dative singular)
filmennum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: filme, fylme, vilm
English: film (dialectal fillum)
Scots: flim, fillum

From Proto-Germanic *filmīn- (“skin, membrane”). Cognate with Old Frisian filmene (“skin”).


finta

finta (nominative singular)
fintan (nominative plural)
fintan (accusative singular)
fintan (accusative plural)
fintan (genitive singular)
fintena (genitive plural)
fintan (dative singular)
fintum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *fintô (“tail, train”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull, stretch”). Cognate with Latin pendeō (“I hang”). Related to spin.


flete

inflection of flēt:
nominative/accusative plural

inflection of flēt:
accusative/genitive/dative singular


flotan

inflection of flota:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of flota:
genitive/dative singular


wil

wīl (canonical neuter)
wīl (nominative singular)
wīl (nominative plural)
wīl (accusative singular)
wīl (accusative plural)
wīles (genitive singular)
wīla (genitive plural)
wīle (dative singular)
wīlum (dative plural)

Middle English: wile
English: wile

From Proto-Germanic *wīlą (“craft, deceit”), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Old Norse vél.


wil

wil (nominative singular)
wil (nominative plural)
wil (accusative singular)
wil (accusative plural)
willes (genitive singular)
willa (genitive plural)
wille (dative singular)
willum (dative plural)


modsefa

mōdsefa (canonical masculine)
mōdsefan (nominative plural)
mōdsefa (nominative singular)
mōdsefan (nominative plural)
mōdsefan (accusative singular)
mōdsefan (accusative plural)
mōdsefan (genitive singular)
mōdsefena (genitive plural)
mōdsefan (dative singular)
mōdsefum (dative plural)

From mōd + sefa. Cognate with Old Saxon mōdsevo.

Oft iċ sceolde āna · ūhtna ġehwylċe
mīne ċeare cwīþan. · Nis nū cwicra nān
þe iċ him mōdsefan · mīnne durre
sweotule āseċġan. · Iċ tō sōþe wāt…

Oft I had to bemoan my sorrow
alone at every dawn. There is no one alive
to whom I would dare
 openly tell my heart. I know as a truth…


dæd

dǣd (canonical feminine)
dǣd (nominative singular)
dǣde (nominative plural)
dǣda (nominative plural)
dǣd (accusative singular)
dǣde (accusative singular)
dǣde (accusative plural)
dǣda (accusative plural)
dǣde (genitive singular)
dǣda (genitive plural)
dǣde (dative singular)
dǣdum (dative plural)
dēd (alternative)

Middle English: dede

English: deed

Scots: dede, ded

From Proto-West Germanic *dādi, from Proto-Germanic *dēdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis, from the root *dʰeh₁-.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Þæt iċ bē ðām hālgan fæder Cūðbyrhte wrāt oððe on þysse bēċ oððe on ōðre, þā dǣda his līfes, sume iċ ǣrest nōm of þām ġewrītum ðe iċ āwriten ġemette mid þām broðrum þǣre ċyriċean æt Lindesfearona ēa sumu ðā þe iċ sylf onġitan mihte þurh swīðe ġetrēowa manna ġesæġene iċ tōycte.

That which I wrote about the holy father Cuthbert, either in this book or another, about his life's deeds, some I took first from what I found among the brethren of the church at Lindisfarne, and I have added on the particulars which I could glean through conversations with very trustworthy people.


demend

dēmend (canonical masculine)
dēmend (nominative singular)
dēmend (nominative plural)
dēmende (nominative plural)
dēmendas (nominative plural)
dēmend (accusative singular)
dēmend (accusative plural)
dēmende (accusative plural)
dēmendas (accusative plural)
dēmendes (genitive singular)
dēmendra (genitive plural)
dēmende (dative singular)
dēmendum (dative plural)


ingang

ingang (nominative singular)
ingangas (nominative plural)
ingang (accusative singular)
ingangas (accusative plural)
inganges (genitive singular)
inganga (genitive plural)
ingange (dative singular)
ingangum (dative plural)

Middle English: ingang

English: ingang

From Proto-Germanic *inngangaz. Cognate with Old Frisian ingong, Old Saxon ingang, Old Dutch *ingang, Old High German ingang, Old Norse inngangr. Equivalent to in- + gang.

entrance (place of entry or act of entering)


pisan

inflection of pise:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of pise:
nominative/accusative plural


pise

pise (nominative singular)
pisan (nominative plural)
pisan (accusative singular)
pisan (accusative plural)
pisan (genitive singular)
pisena (genitive plural)
pisan (dative singular)
pisum (dative plural)

From Late Latin pisa, from Latin pisum, from Ancient Greek πίσον (píson), πῐ́σος (pĭ́sos), πισός (pisós).


plante

plante (nominative singular)
plantan (nominative plural)
plantan (accusative singular)
plantan (accusative plural)
plantan (genitive singular)
plantena (genitive plural)
plantan (dative singular)
plantum (dative plural)

Middle English: plante

English: plant

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *plantu, from Latin planta.


scia

sċīa (nominative singular)
sċīan (nominative plural)
sċīan (accusative singular)
sċīan (accusative plural)
sċīan (genitive singular)
sċīena (genitive plural)
sċīan (dative singular)
sċīum (dative plural)


moran

inflection of more:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of more:
genitive/dative singular


tabulan

inflection of tabule:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of tabule:
genitive/dative singular


tabule

tabule (nominative singular)
tabulan (nominative plural)
tabulan (accusative singular)
tabulan (accusative plural)
tabulan (genitive singular)
tabulena (genitive plural)
tabulan (dative singular)
tabulum (dative plural)
tabula (alternative)

English: table

From Latin tabula (“tablet, board, plank, chart”), ultimately from Proto-Italic *taðla.


timan

inflection of tīma:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of tīma:
genitive/dative singular


haligdom

hāliġdōm (canonical masculine)
hāliġdōm (nominative singular)
hāliġdōmas (nominative plural)
hāliġdōm (accusative singular)
hāliġdōmas (accusative plural)
hāliġdōmes (genitive singular)
hāliġdōma (genitive plural)
hāliġdōme (dative singular)
hāliġdōmum (dative plural)

English: halidom


brot

brot (nominative singular)
brotu (nominative plural)
brot (accusative singular)
brotu (accusative plural)
brotes (genitive singular)
brota (genitive plural)
brote (dative singular)
brotum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *brot, from Proto-Germanic *brutą.


soþgiedd

sōþġiedd (canonical neuter)
sōþġiedd (nominative singular)
sōþġiedd (nominative plural)
sōþġiedd (accusative singular)
sōþġiedd (accusative plural)
sōþġieddes (genitive singular)
sōþġiedda (genitive plural)
sōþġiedde (dative singular)
sōþġieddum (dative plural)
sōþġied (alternative)
sōðġied (alternative)

Mæg ic be me sylfum soðgied wrecan.

Let me tell a true tale about myself. (The Seafarer)


geswincdæg

ġeswincdæġ (canonical masculine)
ġeswincdæġ (nominative singular)
ġeswincdagas (nominative plural)
ġeswincdæġ (accusative singular)
ġeswincdagas (accusative plural)
ġeswincdæġes (genitive singular)
ġeswincdaga (genitive plural)
ġeswincdæġe (dative singular)
ġeswincdagum (dative plural)

Ic geswincdagum earfoðhwile oft þrowade.

In days of hardship I suffered through tough times. (The Seafarer)

(poetic) day of labour, work or toil; time of hardship


earfoþhwil

head

earfoþhwīl f (nominative plural earfoþhwīle)

earfoþhwīl (canonical feminine)
earfoþhwīle (nominative plural)
earfoþhwīl (nominative singular)
earfoþhwīla (nominative plural)
earfoþhwīle (nominative plural)
earfoþhwīle (accusative singular)
earfoþhwīla (accusative plural)
earfoþhwīle (accusative plural)
earfoþhwīle (genitive singular)
earfoþhwīla (genitive plural)
earfoþhwīle (dative singular)
earfoþhwīlum (dative plural)
earfoðhwil (alternative)

[ˈæ͜ɑrˠ.voθˌʍiːl]

Mæġ iċ be mē sylfum · sōðġied wrecan,
sīþas seċġan, · hū iċ ġeswincdagum
earfoðhwīle · oft þrōwade,
bitre brēostċeare · ġebiden hæbbe,

I can utter a true tale about myself,
tell goings on how I by days of hardship
oft tholed the times of hardship,
have withstood bitter sorrow,


gewealc

ġewealc (canonical neuter)
ġewealc (nominative singular)
ġewealc (nominative plural)
ġewealc (accusative singular)
ġewealc (accusative plural)
ġewealces (genitive singular)
ġewealca (genitive plural)
ġewealce (dative singular)
ġewealcum (dative plural)

From ġe- + Proto-Germanic *walką, from Proto-Germanic *walkaną (“to turn, roll”).

der

bitre brēostċeare · ġebiden hæbbe,
ġecunnad in ċēole · ċearselda fela,
atol ȳþa ġewealc, · þǣr mec oft biġeat
nearo nihtwaco · ǣt nacan stefnan,
þonne hē be clifum cnossað. · Calde ġeþrungen

have withstood bitter sorrow,
known many sorrow-halls in ship,
loathsome rolling of waves
where the unquiet night watch
oft got me at the stem of seacraft
then it beats near cliffs. Bound by cold


naca

naca (nominative singular)
nacan (nominative plural)
nacan (accusative singular)
nacan (accusative plural)
nacan (genitive singular)
nacena (genitive plural)
nacan (dative singular)
nacum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *nakwô. Cognate with Old Saxon nako (Dutch aak), Old High German nahho (German Nachen), Old Norse nǫkkvi.


wending

wending (nominative singular)
wendinga (nominative plural)
wendinge (nominative plural)
wendinge (accusative singular)
wendinga (accusative plural)
wendinge (accusative plural)
wendinge (genitive singular)
wendinga (genitive plural)
wendinge (dative singular)
wendingum (dative plural)


canne

cannan (nominative plural)
canne (nominative singular)
cannan (nominative plural)
cannan (accusative singular)
cannan (accusative plural)
cannan (genitive singular)
cannena (genitive plural)
cannan (dative singular)
cannum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: canne, cane, kan, can
English: can
Scots: can
→ Scottish Gaelic: cana
Yola: cooan, koan, kon


crisma

crisma (nominative singular)
crisman (nominative plural)
crisman (accusative singular)
crisman (accusative plural)
crisman (genitive singular)
crismena (genitive plural)
crisman (dative singular)
crismum (dative plural)

Middle English: crisme, cresome, crisma, crisum, crysme, crysome, crysum, crysyme, krysom
English: chrism, chrisom

Borrowed from Medieval Latin crisma, from Ecclesiastical Latin chrisma, from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma).


alban

inflection of albe:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of albe:
nominative/accusative plural


gade

inflection of gād:
dative/genitive singular

inflection of gād:
accusative singular/plural


sceaduwe

English: shadow


lisse

inflection of liss:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of liss:
genitive/dative singular


cy

Middle English: kie, kye, ky
English: ky (archaic or dialectal)
Scots: kye
⇒ Middle English: kyne, ken, kein, kien, kiin, kuin, kun, kyen, kyn
English: kine
Yola: keeine, keyen, keene, keéne, khyne, kyne


porr

porr (nominative singular)
porr (nominative plural)
porr (accusative singular)
porr (accusative plural)
porres (genitive singular)
porra (genitive plural)
porre (dative singular)
porrum (dative plural)
por (alternative)

>? Middle English: porre (possibly reborrowed from Latin)


gener

ġener (canonical neuter)
ġeneru (nominative plural)
ġener (nominative singular)
ġeneru (nominative plural)
ġener (accusative singular)
ġeneru (accusative plural)
ġeneres (genitive singular)
ġenera (genitive plural)
ġenere (dative singular)
ġenerum (dative plural)
ġenear (alternative)

From ġe- + ner. Cognate with Middle Low German genēr.


horte

horte (nominative singular)
hortan (nominative plural)
hortan (accusative singular)
hortan (accusative plural)
hortan (genitive singular)
hortena (genitive plural)
hortan (dative singular)
hortum (dative plural)


taxe

tāxe (canonical feminine)
tāxe (nominative singular)
tāxan (nominative plural)
tāxan (accusative singular)
tāxan (accusative plural)
tāxan (genitive singular)
tāxena (genitive plural)
tāxan (dative singular)
tāxum (dative plural)

Unknown. Compare Old English tādie (“toad”), Old English tosca, toxa (“frog”).


gyte

gyte (nominative singular)
gytas (nominative plural)
gyte (accusative singular)
gytas (accusative plural)
gytes (genitive singular)
gyta (genitive plural)
gyte (dative singular)
gytum (dative plural)

Middle English: gute, gyte, gite

From Proto-West Germanic *guti, from Proto-Germanic *gutiz (“gush, outflow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”). Cognate with Old Frisian gete, Old High German guz.


cwalu

cwalu (nominative singular)
cwala (nominative plural)
cwale (nominative plural)
cwale (accusative singular)
cwala (accusative plural)
cwale (accusative plural)
cwale (genitive singular)
cwala (genitive plural)
cwale (dative singular)
cwalum (dative plural)

Middle English: qual

From Proto-West Germanic *kwalu, from Proto-Germanic *kwalō.


fæhþu

fǣhþu (canonical feminine)
fǣhþu (nominative singular)
fǣhþu (nominative plural)
fǣhþa (nominative plural)
fǣhþe (nominative plural)
fǣhþu (accusative singular)
fǣhþe (accusative singular)
fǣhþu (accusative plural)
fǣhþa (accusative plural)
fǣhþe (accusative plural)
fǣhþu (genitive singular)
fǣhþe (genitive singular)
fǣhþu (genitive plural)
fǣhþe (genitive plural)
fǣhþu (dative singular)
fǣhþe (dative singular)
fǣhþum (dative plural)


cyþþu

cȳþþu (canonical feminine)
cȳþþu (nominative singular)
cȳþþe (accusative singular)
cȳþþe (genitive singular)
cȳþþe (dative singular)
cȳþþ (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *kunþiþō, from *kunþ- (“known”). Cognate with Old High German chundida.

c. 992, Ælfric,"The Epiphany of the Lord"
Þa Iudeiscan ðe on Crist gelyfdon wæron him gehendor stōwlice, and eac ðurh cȳððe þære ealdan ǣ: we wæron swiðe fyrlyne, ægðer ge stówlice ge ðurh uncȳððe; ac he us gegaderode mid ānum geleafan to ðam healicum hyrn-stane, þæt is to annysse his gelaðunge."

The Jews who believed in Christ were nearer to him locally, and also through knowledge of the old law: we were very remote, both locally and through ignorance; but he gathered us with one faith to the high corner-stone, that is to the unity of his church.

country which is known to oneself; native land, home


rade

inflection of rād:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of rād:
genitive/dative singular


cliwen

clīwen (canonical neuter)
clīwen (nominative singular)
clīwenu (nominative plural)
clīwen (accusative singular)
clīwenu (accusative plural)
clīwenes (genitive singular)
clīwena (genitive plural)
clīwene (dative singular)
clīwenum (dative plural)


peonia

peonia (nominative singular)
peonian (nominative plural)
peonian (accusative singular)
peonian (accusative plural)
peonian (genitive singular)
peoniena (genitive plural)
peonian (dative singular)
peonium (dative plural)


meting

mēting (canonical feminine)
mēting (nominative singular)
mētinga (nominative plural)
mētinge (nominative plural)
mētinge (accusative singular)
mētinga (accusative plural)
mētinge (accusative plural)
mētinge (genitive singular)
mētinga (genitive plural)
mētinge (dative singular)
mētingum (dative plural)

c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
On ōðre wīsan wē sċēawiaþ mētinge and on ōðre wīsan stafas. Ne gǣþ nā māre tō mētinge būtan þæt þū hit ġesēo and herie. Nis nā ġenōg þæt þū stafas sċēawiġe būtan þū hīe ēac rǣde and þæt andġiet understande.

We look at pictures in one way and letters in another. You don't do anything with a painting except see it and praise it. Looking at letters is not enough unless you also read them and understand the meaning.


meting

mēting (canonical feminine)
mēting (nominative singular)
mētinga (nominative plural)
mētinge (nominative plural)
mētinge (accusative singular)
mētinga (accusative plural)
mētinge (accusative plural)
mētinge (genitive singular)
mētinga (genitive plural)
mētinge (dative singular)
mētingum (dative plural)
mētincg (alternative)
mœ̄ting (alternative)

Middle English: meting, metynge

English: meeting

Scots: meting, meiting

From mētan (“to meet, encounter”) + -ing.


tunne

Middle English: tunne, tonne
English: ton, tun

From Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”).


syll

syll (nominative singular)
sylle (nominative plural)
sylla (nominative plural)
syll (accusative singular)
sylle (accusative singular)
sylle (accusative plural)
sylla (accusative plural)
sylle (genitive singular)
sylla (genitive plural)
sylle (dative singular)
syllum (dative plural)
sylle (alternative)

desc

Middle English: sylle, sülle, selle, sille

English: sill

Scots: sil, sill

→ Latin: silla

From Proto-Germanic *sulī (“bar, sill”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel-, *swel- (“beam, board, frame, threshold”).

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Deposition of St. Cuthbert, Bishop"
Þā wolde se hālga sum hūs timbrian to his nīedbrȳċum, mid his ġebrōðra fultume. Þā bæd hē hīe ānre sylle þæt hē meahte þæt hūs on þā sǣhealfe mid þǣre underleċġan. Þā ġebrōðra him behēton þæt hīe woldon þæt trēow þonne hīe eft cōmon him ġebringan. Þā cōmon hīe swā swā hīe cwǣdon, and wurdon swā þēah þæs trēowes unġemyndiġe, ac God his wæs ġemyndiġ, and him þā sylle self āsende mid þām sǣlīcum flōde.

Then the saint decided to build a house for himself, with his brothers' help. So he asked them for a sill to support the house on the side facing the sea. The brothers went out and promised him that they would bring him the tree when they came back. Then they did come back, just like they said they would, but they had forgotten about the tree. But God remembered, and sent him a sill himself with a flood from the sea.

a beam that serves as a foundation or support, basis, sill

Ðonne hī ne bēoþ mid nānre sylle underscotene ðæs godcundlīcan mægenes

Then they are with no foundation supportive of the divine power

(figurative) a base, support, foundation


cac

cacas (nominative plural)
cac (nominative singular)
cacas (nominative plural)
cac (accusative singular)
cacas (accusative plural)
caces (genitive singular)
caca (genitive plural)
cace (dative singular)
cacum (dative plural)

Of uncertain origin. Perhaps derived from *cacian (“to defecate”), from Latin cacō (“I shit”).

unk

uncertain


pawa

pāwa (canonical masculine)
pāwa (nominative singular)
pāwan (nominative plural)
pāwan (accusative singular)
pāwan (accusative plural)
pāwan (genitive singular)
pāwena (genitive plural)
pāwan (dative singular)
pāwum (dative plural)
pēa (alternative)

Fēnixas habbaþ cambas on hēafde swā pāwan.

Phoenixes have crests on their head like peacocks.


solu

solu (nominative singular)
solwa (nominative plural)
solwe (nominative plural)
solwe (accusative singular)
solwa (accusative plural)
solwe (accusative plural)
solwe (genitive singular)
solwa (genitive plural)
solwe (dative singular)
solwum (dative plural)

Middle English: sole

English: sole, soal

Uncertain. No corresponding cognates (i.e. feminine o-stem nouns) in the other Germanic languages. Likely a back-formation from solu (“swamp, bog”, literally “miry places, muds”), the nominative/accusative plural of sol (“soil, mud, miry place”), taken collectively.


banan

inflection of bana:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of bana:
genitive/dative singular


pryde

prȳde (canonical feminine)
prȳde (nominative singular)
prȳdan (nominative plural)
prȳdan (accusative singular)
prȳdan (accusative plural)
prȳdan (genitive singular)
prȳdena (genitive plural)
prȳdan (dative singular)
prȳdum (dative plural)
prȳdo (alternative)
prȳte (alternative)
prȳto (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: pryde, pride, prowde, pryd, pryȝde, pryte, prude, pruede, pruyd, pruyde, pruyte, prute (Southern, West Midlands), prede, priede (Kent)
English: pride
Scots: pride

→ Old Norse: prýði

Icelandic: prýði

Faroese: prýði

Old Swedish: prȳdhe

From the adjective prūd (“proud”) by analogy with e.g. hǣlu (“health”) : hāl (“healthy”). Compare Old English prȳt (“pride”).


franca

franca (nominative singular)
francan (nominative plural)
francan (accusative singular)
francan (accusative plural)
francan (genitive singular)
francena (genitive plural)
francan (dative singular)
francum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *frankō (“javelin”). Cognate with Old Norse frakka (“javelin”).


fam

fām (canonical neuter)
fām (nominative singular)
fām (nominative plural)
fām (accusative singular)
fām (accusative plural)
fāmes (genitive singular)
fāma (genitive plural)
fāme (dative singular)
fāmum (dative plural)
fǣm (alternative)

Middle English: fom, fam, fome, foom, foome
English: foam
→ Faroese: fómur
Scots: fame, faim, faem

→ Faroese: fám


bæl

bǣl (canonical neuter)
bǣl (nominative plural)
bǣl (nominative singular)
bǣl (nominative plural)
bǣl (accusative singular)
bǣl (accusative plural)
bǣles (genitive singular)
bǣla (genitive plural)
bǣle (dative singular)
bǣlum (dative plural)

Middle English: bale (possibly from Old Norse)

English: bale

From Proto-West Germanic *bāl, from Proto-Germanic *bēlą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-. Cognate with Old Norse bál (whence Icelandic bál (“a fire; a conflagration”), Danish bål (“fire, bonfire, pyre”), Norwegian bål and Swedish bål (“pyre, bonfire”)). Further Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit भाल (bhāla, “splendour”), Ancient Greek φαλός (phalós, “white”) and Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”).


spora

spora (nominative singular)
sporan (nominative plural)
sporan (accusative singular)
sporan (accusative plural)
sporan (genitive singular)
sporena (genitive plural)
sporan (dative singular)
sporum (dative plural)


bælfyr

desctree

Middle English: bale-fyre, bale fyre, bale fire, bale-fire, balowe fyre, balowe fyer, bole fur
English: balefire
Scots: balefire

balefire, funeral fire, sacrificial fire


wecg

weċġ (canonical masculine)
weċġ (nominative singular)
weċġas (nominative plural)
weċġ (accusative singular)
weċġas (accusative plural)
weċġes (genitive singular)
weċġa (genitive plural)
weċġe (dative singular)
weċġum (dative plural)

Middle English: wegge

English: wedge

Scots: weg, wegge, wadge, waige

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wagi, from Proto-Germanic *wagjaz. Cognate with Old High German weggi, Old Norse veggr, Lithuanian vagis, and perhaps Latin vāgīna.


woh

wōh (canonical neuter)
wōh (nominative singular)
wōh (nominative plural)
wōh (accusative singular)
wōh (accusative plural)
wōs (genitive singular)
wōna (genitive plural)
wō (dative singular)
wōm (dative plural)
wōg (alternative)

ang-decl-noun

Declension of woh (neuter a-stem)

Middle English: wough, wouȝh

English: wough

From Proto-West Germanic *wą̄h, from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz. Akin to Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃 (unwāhs, “blameless”).

riht and wōh

c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Sē þonne þe wilnaþ wōh tō dōnne, and wilnaþ þēah þæt þæs ōðre menn swīgiġen, hē þonne biþ him selfum ġewita þæt hē wilnaþ mā þæt hine man lufiġe þonne ryhtwīsnesse.

Someone who wants to do wrong, but wants others to be silent about it, is their own witness that they want to be loved more than they want justice.

wrong (something wrong or wrong things collectively)

c. 995, Ælfric, Ælfric's Preface to Grammar
Miċel yfel dēþ sē unwrītere ġif hē nylle his wōh ġeryhtan.

The bad writer does a lot of harm if he refuses to correct his mistakes.


laga

inflection of lagu:
genitive/dative singular

inflection of lagu:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


melda

melda (nominative singular)
meldan (nominative plural)
meldan (accusative singular)
meldan (accusative plural)
meldan (genitive singular)
meldena (genitive plural)
meldan (dative singular)
meldum (dative plural)


nytta

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of nytt


fus

fūs (canonical neuter)
fūs (nominative singular)
fūs (nominative plural)
fūs (accusative singular)
fūs (accusative plural)
fūses (genitive singular)
fūsa (genitive plural)
fūse (dative singular)
fūsum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *funs (“ready, willing”). Cognate with Old Saxon fūs, Old High German funs, Old Norse fúss.

inh

Se þe leófra manna fús feor wlátode.

He who beheld afar the dear men's progress.

departure (especially from the world, i.e. in death)


brogan

inflection of brōga:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of brōga:
genitive/dative singular


niedwracu

nīedwracu (canonical feminine)
nȳdwracu (alternative)
nydwræce (alternative)


yþlida

ȳþlida (canonical masculine)
ȳþlidan (nominative plural)
ȳþlida (nominative singular)
ȳþlidan (nominative plural)
ȳþlidan (accusative singular)
ȳþlidan (accusative plural)
ȳþlidan (genitive singular)
ȳþlidena (genitive plural)
ȳþlidan (dative singular)
ȳþlidum (dative plural)


þearf

þearf (nominative singular)
þearfa (nominative plural)
þearfe (nominative plural)
þearfe (accusative singular)
þearfa (accusative plural)
þearfe (accusative plural)
þearfe (genitive singular)
þearfa (genitive plural)
þearfe (dative singular)
þearfum (dative plural)

Middle English: thearf, therf


siþfæt

Middle English: sithfæt

sīþ + *fæt (“journey”). Second element is obsolete in attested Old English (cf. Icelandic fet) and only occurs in compounds.


hæl

hǣl (canonical neuter)
hǣl (nominative singular)
hǣlru (nominative plural)
hǣl (accusative singular)
hǣlru (accusative plural)
hǣles (genitive singular)
hǣlra (genitive plural)
hǣle (dative singular)
hǣlrum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz. Cognate with Old Norse heill (Danish held (“luck”), Norwegian hell), Old High German heil (German Heil).


wægholm

wǣġholm (canonical masculine)
wǣġholmas (nominative plural)


dogga

doggan (nominative plural)
dogga (nominative singular)
doggan (nominative plural)
doggan (accusative singular)
doggan (accusative plural)
doggan (genitive singular)
doggena (genitive plural)
doggan (dative singular)
doggum (dative plural)


sæwudu

sǣwudu (canonical masculine)
sǣwuda (nominative plural)


guþgewæde

head

gūþġewǣde n (nominative plural gūþġewǣdu)

gūþġewǣde (canonical neuter)
gūþġewǣdu (nominative plural)


yþlad

ȳþlād f (nominative plural ȳþlāde or ȳþlāda)

ȳþlād (canonical feminine)
ȳþlāde (nominative plural)
ȳþlāda (nominative plural)

Gode þancedon þæs þe him yþlade eaðe wurdon.

They thanked God that the voyage had gone easily for them. (Beowulf ll. 227-8)


bolca

bolca (nominative singular)
bolcan (nominative plural)
bolcan (accusative singular)
bolcan (accusative plural)
bolcan (genitive singular)
bolcena (genitive plural)
bolcan (dative singular)
bolcum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *bolkō, from Proto-Germanic *bulkô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, balk”). Cognate with Icelandic búlki. More at bulk.


fyrdsearu

head

fyrdsearu n (nominative plural fyrdsearu)


modgehygd

mōdġehyġd (canonical feminine)
mōdġehyġd (nominative singular)
mōdġehyġde (nominative plural)
mōdġehyġda (nominative plural)
mōdġehyġd (accusative singular)
mōdġehyġde (accusative singular)
mōdġehyġde (accusative plural)
mōdġehyġda (accusative plural)
mōdġehyġde (genitive singular)
mōdġehyġda (genitive plural)
mōdġehyġde (dative singular)
mōdġehyġdum (dative plural)


waroþ

waroþ (nominative singular)
waroþas (nominative plural)
waroþ (accusative singular)
waroþas (accusative plural)
waroþes (genitive singular)
waroþa (genitive plural)
waroþe (dative singular)
waroþum (dative plural)
waraþ (alternative)
waruþ (alternative)
wearoþ (alternative)
wereþ (alternative)
weroþ (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: warþe, warth, warthe, wharth
English: warth

From Proto-Germanic *waruþaz m or *waruþą n.
Cognate with Old High German werid (German Werd, Werder, Wört), Dutch waard.


wicg

wiċġ (canonical neuter)
wiċġ (nominative plural)
wiċġ (nominative singular)
wiċġ (nominative plural)
wiċġ (accusative singular)
wiċġ (accusative plural)
wiċġes (genitive singular)
wiċġa (genitive plural)
wiċġe (dative singular)
wiċġum (dative plural)
wyċġ (alternative)
wiċġċ (alternative)
wiġġ (alternative)

Middle English: *wigge, wig

English: widge

From Proto-West Germanic *wigi, from Proto-Germanic *wigją, from *weganą (“to carry”). Cognate with Old Saxon wigg, Old Norse vigg.


mægenwudu

head

mæġenwudu m (nominative plural mæġenwuda)

mæġenwudu (canonical masculine)
mæġenwuda (nominative plural)


frægn

fræġn (canonical neuter)
fræġn (nominative singular)
fræġn (nominative plural)
fræġn (accusative singular)
fræġn (accusative plural)
fræġnes (genitive singular)
fræġna (genitive plural)
fræġne (dative singular)
fræġnum (dative plural)
freġn (alternative)
freġen (alternative)
fræng (alternative)

Related to the verb frignan (“to ask”), from Proto-West Germanic *fregnan. Compare Old High German frāgan and frāga.


searu

searu (nominative singular)
searu (nominative plural)
searu (accusative singular)
searu (accusative plural)
searwes (genitive singular)
searwa (genitive plural)
searwe (dative singular)
searwum (dative plural)
searu (nominative singular)
searwa (nominative plural)
searwe (nominative plural)
searwe (accusative singular)
searwa (accusative plural)
searwe (accusative plural)
searwe (genitive singular)
searwa (genitive plural)
searwe (dative singular)
searwum (dative plural)
searo (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *saru, from Proto-Germanic *sarwą, from Proto-Indo-European *serw- (“to guard”) or *ser- (“to bind together”). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰 (sarwa, “weaponry, armour”), Old High German saro (“war equipment”), Old Norse sörvi (“sword”).


searuhæbbend

searuhæbbend (nominative singular)
searuhæbbend (nominative plural)
searuhæbbende (nominative plural)
searuhæbbendas (nominative plural)
searuhæbbend (accusative singular)
searuhæbbend (accusative plural)
searuhæbbende (accusative plural)
searuhæbbendas (accusative plural)
searuhæbbendes (genitive singular)
searuhæbbendra (genitive plural)
searuhæbbende (dative singular)
searuhæbbendum (dative plural)
searohæbbend (alternative)

searu (“armour”) + hæbbende (“haver, wearer”)


byrne

byrnan (nominative plural)
byrne (nominative singular)
byrnan (nominative plural)
byrnan (accusative singular)
byrnan (accusative plural)
byrnan (genitive singular)
byrnena (genitive plural)
byrnan (dative singular)
byrnum (dative plural)

Middle English: burne

English: byrnie/brinie

Earlier *brynne, from Proto-Germanic *brunjǭ. Cognate with Old High German brunja (German Brünne), Old Norse brynja (Swedish brynja), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐍉 (brunjō). Compare Middle English brinie, Scots byrnie, from the Old Norse.

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Đā andwyrde Martinus unforht ðām cāsere, "Iċ wille ðurhgān orsorh ðone here, mid rōde tācne ġewǣpnod, nā mid rēadum sċylde, oððe mid hefeġum helme, oððe heardre byrnan." Đa hēt sē hǣðena cyning healdan Martinum, þæt hē wurde āworpen unġewǣpnod ðām here. Þā nolde sē Hǣlend his ðeġen forlǣtan, ac ġesibbode þæt folc sōna þǣs on merien, þæt hī tō þǣs cāseres cyneġyrde ġebugon.

Then the bold Martinus answered the emperor "I will go fearlessly through the army, armed with a crucifix, not with a red shield, nor with a heavy helmet, nor a hard corselet." So the heathen king ordered that Martinus be held so he could be thrown unarmed into the army. But the Savior would not abandon his servant, and in the morning soon pacified the people so that they submitted to the emperor's scepter.


lagustræt

head

lagustrǣt f (nominative plural lagustrǣte)

lagustrǣt (canonical feminine)
lagustrǣte (nominative plural)


sciphere

sċiphere (canonical masculine)
sċiphere (nominative singular)
sċipherġas (nominative plural)
sċiphere (accusative singular)
sċipherġas (accusative plural)
sċipherġes (genitive singular)
sċipherġa (genitive plural)
sċipherġe (dative singular)
sċipherġum (dative plural)
sċipherge (alternative)

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
An. DCCCLX Hēr Aþelbald cing forðferde ⁊ his līc līð on Sċīrburnan, ⁊ feng Æþelbriht tō ealle þām rīce his brōðor, ⁊ hē hit heold on gōdre ġeþwærnesse, ⁊ his dæġe cōm myċel sċiphere upp ⁊ ābrǣcan Wintanċeaster ⁊ wið þone here ġefuhtan Wulfheard ealderman mid Hāmtūnsċīre, Æþelwulf ealderman mid Bearrocsċīre, ⁊ þone here ġeflȳmdan...

Year 860 In this year King Athelbald passed away, and is body lies in Sherbourne. Athelbright took hold over the entire kingdom of his brother in a time of good peace, but in his day a great fleet came up and attacked Winchester. Alderman Wulfheard fought against the fleet with Hampshire and Alderman with Berkshire, and the fleet was put to flight...


clæg

clǣġ (canonical masculine)
clǣġ (nominative singular)
clǣġas (nominative plural)
clǣġ (accusative singular)
clǣġas (accusative plural)
clǣġes (genitive singular)
clǣġa (genitive plural)
clǣġe (dative singular)
clǣġum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: cley, clai, clay, claye, clei, cleiȝ, cleye
English: clay, cley
Scots: cley
Yola: cley

From Proto-West Germanic *klaij, from Proto-Germanic *klajjaz, from Proto-Germanic *kli- (“to stick, cleave”), from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to stick”).
Cognate with Middle Low German klei (Dutch klei, German Klei). Compare also Ancient Greek γλία (glía), Latin glūs (“glue”), Old Church Slavonic глина (glina, “clay”).


sceard

sċeard (canonical neuter)
sċeard (nominative singular)
sċeard (nominative plural)
sċeard (accusative singular)
sċeard (accusative plural)
sċeardes (genitive singular)
sċearda (genitive plural)
sċearde (dative singular)
sċeardum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: scherd, scheard, scheord, scherde, schord, shard, sherd, sherde
English: shard, sherd
Scots: shaird
Yola: sheardhe, sheardh, shearde, sharde

From Proto-Germanic *skardą, participle form of *skar- (“shear”). Cognate with Old Saxon skard, Old High German scart, Old Norse skarðr.


morgengiefu

morgenġiefu (canonical feminine)
morgenġiefu (nominative singular)
morgenġiefa (nominative plural)
morgenġiefe (nominative plural)
morgenġiefe (accusative singular)
morgenġiefa (accusative plural)
morgenġiefe (accusative plural)
morgenġiefe (genitive singular)
morgenġiefa (genitive plural)
morgenġiefe (dative singular)
morgenġiefum (dative plural)
morgenġifu (alternative)

desc

Middle English: morgengive, morhȝive, marheȝive

Scots: morning-gift

English: morning gift

From Proto-Germanic *murgnagebō, equivalent to morgen + ġiefu.


leafnesword

head

lēafnesword n (nominative plural lēafnesword)

lēafnesword (canonical neuter)
lēafnesword (nominative plural)


guþfremmend

gūþfremmend (canonical masculine)
gūþfremmend (nominative singular)
gūþfremmend (nominative plural)
gūþfremmende (nominative plural)
gūþfremmendas (nominative plural)
gūþfremmend (accusative singular)
gūþfremmend (accusative plural)
gūþfremmende (accusative plural)
gūþfremmendas (accusative plural)
gūþfremmendes (genitive singular)
gūþfremmendra (genitive plural)
gūþfremmende (dative singular)
gūþfremmendum (dative plural)

gūþ (“battle”) + fremmend (“committing, making”), present participle of fremman (“to do, accomplish, carry out, perform”).


gemede

ġemēde (canonical neuter)
ġemēde (nominative singular)
ġemēdu (nominative plural)
ġemēde (accusative singular)
ġemēdu (accusative plural)
ġemēdes (genitive singular)
ġemēda (genitive plural)
ġemēde (dative singular)
ġemēdum (dative plural)


ansyn

ansȳn (canonical feminine)
ansīen (nominative singular)
ansīena (nominative plural)
ansīene (nominative plural)
ansīene (accusative singular)
ansīena (accusative plural)
ansīene (accusative plural)
ansīene (genitive singular)
ansīena (genitive plural)
ansīene (dative singular)
ansīenum (dative plural)


frumcynn

frumcynn (nominative plural)
frumcynn (nominative singular)
frumcynn (nominative plural)
frumcynn (accusative singular)
frumcynn (accusative plural)
frumcynnes (genitive singular)
frumcynna (genitive plural)
frumcynne (dative singular)
frumcynnum (dative plural)

From fruma (“beginning”) + cynn (“tribe, kin”).

Nū iċ ēower sċeal / frumcyn witan ǣr ġē fyr heonan (...)

Now I must your lineage learn, ere you far hence (...)

(poetic) original kind; lineage; descent; origin; genealogy


tapor

Middle English: taper

English: taper

No cognates exist in other Germanic languages: perhaps borrowed from Latin papyrus (via an unattested form *papur), which in later use also meant ‘candle-wick’ (compare Spanish pabilo (“candlewick”)). In early Middle English glossaries, Latin papyrus was glossed as taper. See also German Kerze (“candle”), ultimately from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “papyrus”).


teru

teru (nominative singular)
teru (nominative plural)
teru (accusative singular)
teru (accusative plural)
terwes (genitive singular)
terwa (genitive plural)
terwe (dative singular)
terwum (dative plural)


teoru

teoru (nominative singular)
teoru (nominative plural)
teoru (accusative singular)
teoru (accusative plural)
teorwes (genitive singular)
teorwa (genitive plural)
teorwe (dative singular)
teorwum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: ter, tarr, tarre, teer, tere, terr, terre
English: tar
Scots: tar
Yola: tar

From Proto-Germanic *terwą, from Proto-Indo-European *derwo-. Compare Proto-Germanic *trewą ( > English tree), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”). Cognate with Middle Low German ter (Dutch teer, German Teer), Old Norse tjara.


ælfsogoþa

ælfsogoþa (nominative singular)
ælfsogoþan (nominative plural)
ælfsogoþan (accusative singular)
ælfsogoþan (accusative plural)
ælfsogoþan (genitive singular)
ælfsogoþena (genitive plural)
ælfsogoþan (dative singular)
ælfsogoþum (dative plural)


leassceawere

head

lēassċēawere m (nominative plural lēassċēaweras)

lēassċēawere (canonical masculine)
lēassċēaweras (nominative plural)

/ˈlæ͜ɑːsˌʃæ͜ɑː.we.re/

From lēas (“false”) + sċēawere (“watcher, spy”).


geþoht

ġeþōht (canonical masculine neuter)
ġeþōht (nominative singular)
ġeþōhtas (nominative plural)
ġeþōht (accusative singular)
ġeþōhtas (accusative plural)
ġeþōhtes (genitive singular)
ġeþōhta (genitive plural)
ġeþōhte (dative singular)
ġeþōhtum (dative plural)
ġeþōht (nominative singular)
ġeþōht (nominative plural)
ġeþōht (accusative singular)
ġeþōht (accusative plural)
ġeþōhtes (genitive singular)
ġeþōhta (genitive plural)
ġeþōhte (dative singular)
ġeþōhtum (dative plural)

Middle English: iðohte

Sē þonne þisne wealsteal · wīse ġeþōhte
ond þis deorce līf · dēope ġeondþenċeð,
frōd in ferðe, · feor oft ġemon
wælsleahta worn, · ond þās word ācwið:

Then he deeply thinks over this wall-place
and this dark life with wise thought,
shrewd in mind, oft recalls the long bygone
swarm of slaughters, and utters these words:

thought, what is determined after thought, idea, opinion, decree

what is thought out, device, design, deliberation, counsel; rede

"The Wife's Lament"
Ongunnon þæt þæs mannes māgas hyċġan þurh dierne ġeþōht þæt hīe tōdǣlden unc.

The person's relatives began to think of a secret plan to separate us.


ofost

ofost (nominative singular)
ofsta (nominative plural)
ofste (nominative plural)
ofste (accusative singular)
ofsta (accusative plural)
ofste (accusative plural)
ofste (genitive singular)
ofsta (genitive plural)
ofste (dative singular)
ofstum (dative plural)


wisa

wīsa (canonical masculine)
wīsan (nominative plural)


heorþgeneat

head

heorþġenēat m (nominative plural heorþġenēatas)

heorþġenēat (canonical masculine)
heorþġenēatas (nominative plural)
heorþġenēat (nominative singular)
heorþġenēatas (nominative plural)
heorþġenēat (accusative singular)
heorþġenēatas (accusative plural)
heorþġenēates (genitive singular)
heorþġenēata (genitive plural)
heorþġenēate (dative singular)
heorþġenēatum (dative plural)

From heorþ (“hearth”) + ġenēat (“companion”).

(poetic) hearth-companion; retainer (member of retinue)


ordfruma

ordfruma m (nominative plural ordfruman)

ordfruman (nominative plural)
ordfruma (nominative singular)
ordfruman (nominative plural)
ordfruman (accusative singular)
ordfruman (accusative plural)
ordfruman (genitive singular)
ordfrumena (genitive plural)
ordfruman (dative singular)
ordfrumum (dative plural)


brom

brōm (canonical masculine)
brōmas (nominative plural)
brōm (nominative singular)
brōmas (nominative plural)
brōm (accusative singular)
brōmas (accusative plural)
brōmes (genitive singular)
brōma (genitive plural)
brōme (dative singular)
brōmum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: brom, brome, broom, broome, brume (Northern)
English: broom
Scots: brume, bruim


dædhata

dǣdhata (canonical masculine)
dǣdhatan (nominative plural)


hynþu

hȳnþu (canonical feminine)
hȳnþu (nominative singular)
hȳnþu (nominative plural)
hȳnþa (nominative plural)
hȳnþe (nominative plural)
hȳnþu (accusative singular)
hȳnþe (accusative singular)
hȳnþu (accusative plural)
hȳnþa (accusative plural)
hȳnþe (accusative plural)
hȳnþu (genitive singular)
hȳnþe (genitive singular)
hȳnþa (genitive plural)
hȳnþu (dative singular)
hȳnþe (dative singular)
hȳnþum (dative plural)


wiccecræft

wiċċecræft (canonical masculine)
wiċċecræft (nominative singular)
wiċċecræftas (nominative plural)
wiċċecræft (accusative singular)
wiċċecræftas (accusative plural)
wiċċecræftes (genitive singular)
wiċċecræfta (genitive plural)
wiċċecræfte (dative singular)
wiċċecræftum (dative plural)

Middle English: wicchecraft, wicche craft(e), wicchecrafte, wicchecreft, wich-crafte, wiche-craft, wichecrafte, witchcraft, wycche crauffte, wycchecraft, wychecraft, wychecreft, wytchecraft
English: witchcraft

Hǣðensċipe biþ þæt man dēofolġield weorðiġe, þæt is þæt man weorðiġe hǣðenu godu and sunnan oþþe mōnan, fȳr oþþe flōd, wæterwiellas oþþe stānas oþþe ǣniġes cynnes wudutreowu, oþþe wiċċecræft lufiġe oþþe morðweorc ġefremme on ǣniġe wisan, oþþe on blōte oþþe frihte, oþþe swelcra gedwimera ǣniġ þing drēoge.

c. 1021, Wulfstan, Winchester Code of Cnut, article 5.1:

Worshiping idols is a kind of paganism, whether one worships heathen gods and the sun or the moon, or fire or flood, or wells or stones or any kind of forest trees, or if one loves witchcraft or commits murder in any way, either by sacrifice or by divination, or takes any part in similar delusions.


hræw

hrǣw (canonical neuter)
hrǣw (nominative singular)
hrǣw (nominative plural)
hrǣw (accusative singular)
hrǣw (accusative plural)
hrǣwes (genitive singular)
hrǣwa (genitive plural)
hrǣwe (dative singular)
hrǣwum (dative plural)
hrēaw (alternative)
hrā (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *hraiwą (“body”). Cognate with Old Saxon hrēo, Old High German hrēo, Old Norse hræ.


asse

From earlier assen, from Latin asina. By surface analysis, assa + -e (feminine)


edwenden

head

edwenden f (nominative plural edwendenne)

(poetic) change, reversal of fortunes; turnabout


bealu

bealu (nominative singular)
bealu (nominative plural)
bealu (accusative singular)
bealu (accusative plural)
bealwes (genitive singular)
bealwa (genitive plural)
bealwe (dative singular)
bealwum (dative plural)
balu (alternative)
bealo (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: bale, balu
English: bale (dated)
⇒ Yola: ballcoot

From Proto-West Germanic *balu (“evil”). Cognate with Old Frisian balu, Old Saxon balu.

10th century, Codex Exoniensis

I do not fear the evil of your torments.


bisigu

Middle English: busy

English: busy


cearwylm

ċearwylm (canonical masculine)
ċearwylm (nominative singular)
ċearwylmas (nominative plural)
ċearwylm (accusative singular)
ċearwylmas (accusative plural)
ċearwylmes (genitive singular)
ċearwylma (genitive plural)
ċearwylme (dative singular)
ċearwylmum (dative plural)

[ˈt͡ʃæ͜ɑrˌwyɫm]


earfoþþrag

head

earfoþþrāg f (nominative plural earfoþþrāge)

earfoþþrāg (canonical feminine)
earfoþþrāge (nominative plural)

/ˈæ͜ɑr.foθˌθrɑːɡ/

[ˈæ͜ɑrˠ.voθˌθrɑːɣ]


þreanied

þrēanīed (canonical feminine)
þrēanīed (nominative singular)
þrēanīede (nominative plural)
þrēanīeda (nominative plural)
þrēanīed (accusative singular)
þrēanīede (accusative singular)
þrēanīede (accusative plural)
þrēanīeda (accusative plural)
þrēanīede (genitive singular)
þrēanīeda (genitive plural)
þrēanīede (dative singular)
þrēanīedum (dative plural)
þrēanȳd (alternative Late-West-Saxon)

/ˈθræ͜ɑːˌni͜yːd/

(poetic) dire distress, severe deprivation


heahstede

hēahstede m (nominative plural hēahstedas)

hēahstede (canonical masculine)
hēahstedas (nominative plural)

þær wunað on heahstede husa selest.

The greatest of houses remains there on that high place. (Beowulf, ll. 284-5)

(poetic) high (or important) place, promontory


scyld

sċyld (canonical masculine)
sċyld (nominative singular)
sċyldas (nominative plural)
sċyld (accusative singular)
sċyldas (accusative plural)
sċyldes (genitive singular)
sċylda (genitive plural)
sċylde (dative singular)
sċyldum (dative plural)


scyld

sċyld (canonical feminine)
sċyld (nominative singular)
sċylda (nominative plural)
sċylde (nominative plural)
sċylde (accusative singular)
sċylda (accusative plural)
sċylde (accusative plural)
sċylde (genitive singular)
sċylda (genitive plural)
sċylde (dative singular)
sċyldum (dative plural)

Middle English: shild, schuld

From Proto-West Germanic *skuldi (“guilt”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian schuld, Old Saxon skuld (“crime, due”), Old High German sculd (German Schuld), Old Norse skuld. Related to shall, should.

ealdres sċyldiġ

having forfeited his life: liable, responsible, in debt to

sċyldiġian

to sin; place in the position of a criminal, render liable to punishment

Hē bæd his sċylde forġiefnesse.

Hē þā sċyld forlēt wiþ hine.


scyldwiga

sċyldwiga m (nominative plural sċyldwigan)

sċyldwiga (canonical masculine)
sċyldwigan (nominative plural)


gewæde

ġewǣde (canonical neuter)
ġewǣdu (nominative plural)
ġewǣde (nominative singular)
ġewǣdu (nominative plural)
ġewǣde (accusative singular)
ġewǣdu (accusative plural)
ġewǣdes (genitive singular)
ġewǣda (genitive plural)
ġewǣde (dative singular)
ġewǣdum (dative plural)

Middle English: i-wede


magu

magu (nominative singular)
maga (nominative plural)
magu (accusative singular)
maga (accusative plural)
maga (genitive singular)
maga (genitive plural)
maga (dative singular)
magum (dative plural)
mago (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *magu, from Proto-Germanic *maguz (“boy”), from Proto-Indo-European *mogʰus (“fellow, bachelor, unmarried”).
Cognate with Old Saxon magu (“boy”), Old Norse mǫgr (“son, boy”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌿𐍃 (magus, “child, boy”).

der

Hwǣr cōm mearg? Hwǣr cōm mago? · Hwǣr cōm māþþumġyfa?
Hwǣr cōm symbla ġesetu? · Hwǣr sindon seledrēamas?
Ēalā beorht bune! · Ēalā byrnwiga!
Ēalā þēodnes þrym! · Hū sēo þrāg ġewāt,
ġenāp under nihthelm, · swā hēo nō wære.

Whither did the horse come? Whither did the man come? Whither did the treasure-giver come?
Whither did the seats of feasts come? Where are the hall-joys?
Alack and alas, bright cup! Alack and alas, mailed warrior!
Alack and alas, the army of the king! How did the time pass,
grow dark under the cover of night, as if it never did.


coppe

coppe (nominative singular)
coppan (nominative plural)
coppan (accusative singular)
coppan (accusative plural)
coppan (genitive singular)
coppena (genitive plural)
coppan (dative singular)
coppum (dative plural)

gl

alternatively, shortened from Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">attercoppe</i>

Middle English: coppe (alternatively, shortened from Middle English attercoppe)

English: cop, capper (dialectal)

Scots: cop, cap

From Proto-West Germanic *koppā (“peak, summit; head, round object”), from Proto-Germanic *kuppǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve, arch”).


widsiþ

wīdsīþ (canonical masculine)
wīdsīþ (nominative singular)
wīdsīþas (nominative plural)
wīdsīþ (accusative singular)
wīdsīþas (accusative plural)
wīdsīþes (genitive singular)
wīdsīþa (genitive plural)
wīdsīþe (dative singular)
wīdsīþum (dative plural)

Bahuvrīhi compound of wīd (wide) + sīþ (journey).


maguþegn

head

maguþeġn m (nominative plural maguþeġnas)

maguþeġn (canonical masculine)
maguþeġnas (nominative plural)
maguþeġn (nominative singular)
maguþeġnas (nominative plural)
maguþeġn (accusative singular)
maguþeġnas (accusative plural)
maguþeġnes (genitive singular)
maguþeġna (genitive plural)
maguþeġne (dative singular)
maguþeġnum (dative plural)
magoþeġn (alternative)

mōdġe maguþeġnas. · Swā þēs middanġeard
ealra dōgra ġehwām · drēoseð ond fealleþ,

brave warriors. Thus this world
perishes and falls to each of all days,


gifeþe

ġifeþe (canonical neuter)
ġifeþe (nominative singular)
ġifeþu (nominative plural)
ġifeþe (accusative singular)
ġifeþu (accusative plural)
ġifeþes (genitive singular)
ġifeþa (genitive plural)
ġifeþe (dative singular)
ġifeþum (dative plural)

Cognate with Old Norse gipta (“good luck, fate”).


hild

hild (nominative singular)
hilde (nominative plural)
hilda (nominative plural)
hild (accusative singular)
hilde (accusative singular)
hilde (accusative plural)
hilda (accusative plural)
hilde (genitive singular)
hilda (genitive plural)
hilde (dative singular)
hildum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *hildi.
Cognate with Old Saxon hild, Old High German hiltia, Old Norse hildr. The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek κόλος (kólos), Latin clādēs, Old Irish coll (Breton claza), Proto-Slavic *kolti (Russian коло́ть (kolótʹ)).


ancor

ancor (nominative singular)
ancras (nominative plural)
ancor (accusative singular)
ancras (accusative plural)
ancres (genitive singular)
ancra (genitive plural)
ancre (dative singular)
ancrum (dative plural)
ancer (alternative)
oncer (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: anker, ancre, aunkir, ankor, ankur, ankir, ancher, ancour, hanker
English: anchor (see there for further descendants)
Scots: anchor, anker


eoforlic

eoforlīċ (canonical neuter)
eoforlīċ (nominative singular)
eoforlīc (nominative plural)
eoforlīċ (accusative singular)
eoforlīc (accusative plural)
eoforlīċes (genitive singular)
eoforlīca (genitive plural)
eoforlīċe (dative singular)
eoforlīcum (dative plural)

From eofor + līċ, the latter with the very archaic meaning “form.”

(poetic) a form or figure of a boar, attested referring to the boar crest on a helmet


hleor

hlēor (canonical neuter)
hlēor (nominative singular)
hlēor (nominative plural)
hlēor (accusative singular)
hlēor (accusative plural)
hlēores (genitive singular)
hlēora (genitive plural)
hlēore (dative singular)
hlēorum (dative plural)

Middle English: leor, ler, lere

English: leer

Scots: lere

From Proto-West Germanic *hleuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hleuzą. Cognate with Old Saxon hleor, Old Norse hlýr.


meodosetla

(Beowulf) manuscript spelling of medusetla


garsecg

gārseċġ (canonical masculine)
gārseċġ (nominative singular)
gārseċġas (nominative plural)
gārseċġ (accusative singular)
gārseċġas (accusative plural)
gārseċġes (genitive singular)
gārseċġa (genitive plural)
gārseċġe (dative singular)
gārseċġum (dative plural)

[ˈɡɑːrˌsed͡ʒ]

Uncertain. Almost always analyzed as a compound of gār + seċġ, but there is significant disagreement about how to interpret these components. gār is usually glossed as "spear," but the sense "tempest" has been suggested, and Holthausen dubiously connected it to Old English gānian (“to gape”), Sanskrit विहायस् (vihāyas, “atmosphere”). seċġ may be glossed several ways:
* "sword" appears least likely.
* "sedge" has been suggested (e.g. by Grimm), but the derivation is opaque.
* "man; warrior" is perhaps most popular; in this case the sense is "the ocean personified as a warrior," but attempts to find links to spear-wielding water deities (Bosworth-Toller suggests Neptune) have not yielded definitive results.
* Some Latin-Old English glossaries have possible variants of secg glossing "sea" (e.g. the Épinal-Erfurt glossary has segg).
William Redbond suggested a possible loan from a Brythonic term equivalent to modern Welsh môr (“sea”) + caseg (“mare; billow, breaker”). Dahlman suggested analysis as gārs (“world's”) + eċġ (“edge”), but this cannot be correct as ecg is a feminine jō-stem.

ncog

10th century, "Exodus" in the Junius manuscript. Transcribed and translated in 1832, Thorpe, Benjamin (ed.), Cædmon's Metrical Praphrase of Parts of the Holy Scriptures, London: Society of Antiquaries of London; page 204–205, ll. 30–33, 1–4.
his ƿuldres ƿord : ƿīddra ⁊ sīddra
þonne befæðman mæᵹe : fōldan sceattas
eorðan ȳmbhƿȳrft : ⁊ ūp-rodor
ᵹārsecᵹes ᵹīn : ⁊ þeos ᵹeomre lȳft
His glory's word : further and wiser spread
than may embrace : earth's regions,
the world's circumference, : and firmament above,

ocean's expanse, : and this murmuring air.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Sē westsūþende Europe landġemirce is in Ispania westeweardum et ðǣm garseċġe, and mǣst æt þǣm iġlande, þætte Gaðes hātte, þǣr scīet sē Wendelsǣ up of þǣm garseċġe; þǣr ēac Ercoles sȳla standað.

The southwestern limit of Europe is in Hispania at the western ocean, and the westernmost part is at the island known as Gades, where the Mediterranean flows into the ocean and where the Pillars of Hercules stand.

An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
Dictionary of Old English
Ferdinand Holthausen
Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann
Jacob Grimm
Neptune
Épinal-Erfurt glossary


ymbsittend

ymbsittend (masculine nominative singular)
ymbsittend (feminine nominative singular)
ymbsittend (neuter nominative singular)
ymbsittendne (accusative masculine singular)
ymbsittende (accusative feminine singular)
ymbsittend (accusative neuter singular)
ymbsittendes (genitive masculine singular)
ymbsittendre (feminine genitive singular)
ymbsittendes (genitive neuter singular)
ymbsittendum (dative masculine singular)
ymbsittendre (dative feminine singular)
ymbsittendum (dative neuter singular)
ymbsittende (instrumental masculine singular)
ymbsittendre (feminine instrumental singular)
ymbsittende (instrumental neuter singular)
ymbsittende (masculine nominative plural)
ymbsittenda (feminine nominative plural)
ymbsittende (feminine nominative plural)
ymbsittend (neuter nominative plural)
ymbsittende (accusative masculine plural)
ymbsittenda (accusative feminine plural)
ymbsittende (accusative feminine plural)
ymbsittend (accusative neuter plural)
ymbsittendra (genitive masculine plural)
ymbsittendra (feminine genitive plural)
ymbsittendra (genitive neuter plural)
ymbsittendum (dative masculine plural)
ymbsittendum (dative feminine plural)
ymbsittendum (dative neuter plural)
ymbsittendum (instrumental masculine plural)
ymbsittendum (feminine instrumental plural)
ymbsittendum (instrumental neuter plural)
ymbsittenda (masculine nominative singular)
ymbsittende (feminine nominative singular)
ymbsittende (neuter nominative singular)
ymbsittendan (accusative masculine singular)
ymbsittendan (accusative feminine singular)
ymbsittende (accusative neuter singular)
ymbsittendan (genitive masculine singular)
ymbsittendan (feminine genitive singular)
ymbsittendan (genitive neuter singular)
ymbsittendan (dative masculine singular)
ymbsittendan (dative feminine singular)
ymbsittendan (dative neuter singular)
ymbsittendan (instrumental masculine singular)
ymbsittendan (feminine instrumental singular)
ymbsittendan (instrumental neuter singular)
ymbsittendan (masculine nominative plural)
ymbsittendan (feminine nominative plural)
ymbsittendan (neuter nominative plural)
ymbsittendan (accusative masculine plural)
ymbsittendan (accusative feminine plural)
ymbsittendan (accusative neuter plural)
ymbsittendra (genitive masculine plural)
ymbsittendena (genitive masculine plural)
ymbsittendra (feminine genitive plural)
ymbsittendena (feminine genitive plural)
ymbsittendra (genitive neuter plural)
ymbsittendena (genitive neuter plural)
ymbsittendum (dative masculine plural)
ymbsittendum (dative feminine plural)
ymbsittendum (dative neuter plural)
ymbsittendum (instrumental masculine plural)
ymbsittendum (feminine instrumental plural)
ymbsittendum (instrumental neuter plural)

From ymb- (“around-, about-”) + sittende (“sitting”).

prefix

(poetic) neighbouring people, those living nearby


hronrad

Kenning of hron (“whale”) + rād (“riding”).


hronrade

inflection of hronrād:
nominative/accusative plural

inflection of hronrād:
accusative/genitive/dative singular


gomban

accusative/genitive/dative singular of gombe


liffrea

līffrēa (canonical masculine)
līffrēa (nominative singular)
līffrēan (nominative plural)
līffrēan (accusative singular)
līffrēan (accusative plural)
līffrēan (genitive singular)
līffrēana (genitive plural)
līffrēan (dative singular)
līffrēam (dative plural)
līffrēaum (dative plural)

/ˈliːfˌfræ͜ɑː/


spicing

spīcing (canonical masculine)
spīcing (nominative singular)
spīcingas (nominative plural)
spīcing (accusative singular)
spīcingas (accusative plural)
spīcinges (genitive singular)
spīcinga (genitive plural)
spīcinge (dative singular)
spīcingum (dative plural)

Middle English: spikyng, spykyng

English: spiking (dialectal)

Scots: spyking, spikyn

From Proto-West Germanic *spīking, from Proto-West Germanic *spīku, from Proto-Germanic *spīkō.