flasce

flascan (nominative plural)
flasce (nominative singular)
flascan (nominative plural)
flascan (accusative singular)
flascan (accusative plural)
flascan (genitive singular)
flascena (genitive plural)
flascan (dative singular)
flascum (dative plural)
flaxe (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: flask, flaske (partly)
English: flask
→ Irish: fleasc
→ Welsh: fflasg
Scots: flask, flas

From Proto-West Germanic *flaskā, from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ (“flask, bottle”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to weave”).
Akin to Old High German flaska, flasca (“flask, bottle”) (German Flasche (“bottle”)), Old Norse flaska (“flask, bottle”) (Icelandic flaska), Old English fleohtan (“to weave, plait”).


racu

racu (nominative singular)
raca (nominative plural)
race (nominative plural)
race (accusative singular)
raca (accusative plural)
race (accusative plural)
race (genitive singular)
raca (genitive plural)
race (dative singular)
racum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *raku, from Proto-Germanic *rakō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct, make right”). Akin to Old High German rahha (“affair, cause, reason, account”).


racu

Middle English: rake

English: rake

Scots: rake, rak, raike, raik

From Proto-West Germanic *raku, from Proto-Germanic *rakō (“rake”), from Proto-Germanic *rak- (“to gather, heap up”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct, make right”). Akin to Old High German rehho (“rake”) (German Rechen (“rake”)), Old Norse reka (“shovel, spade”), Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (rikan, “to collect, heap up”).


þeodisc

þēodisċ (canonical neuter)
þēodisċ (nominative singular)
þēodisc (nominative plural)
þēodisċ (accusative singular)
þēodisc (accusative plural)
þēodisċes (genitive singular)
þēodisca (genitive plural)
þēodisċe (dative singular)
þēodiscum (dative plural)
þīodisċ (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (“of or relating to a people”). Equivalent to þēod + -isċ.

inh

Þēah hit ġebyriġe þæt þā ūtemestan þēoda ēowerne naman ūp āhebban and on maniġ þēodisċ ēow heriġen

May it come about that the uttermost peoples lift up your name and praise you in many languages.


flewsa

flēwsa (canonical masculine)
flēwsa (nominative singular)
flēwsan (nominative plural)
flēwsan (accusative singular)
flēwsan (accusative plural)
flēwsan (genitive singular)
flēwsena (genitive plural)
flēwsan (dative singular)
flēwsum (dative plural)

Deverbal from *flēwsian, from Proto-West Germanic *flōisōn, from Proto-Germanic *flōaną (“to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to pour, wash”). Compare also Old English fleswian (“to whisper, mutter”).


finan

inflection of fina:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of fina:
genitive/dative singular


pucel

pūcel (canonical masculine)
pūcel (nominative singular)
pūclas (nominative plural)
pūcel (accusative singular)
pūclas (accusative plural)
pūcles (genitive singular)
pūcla (genitive plural)
pūcle (dative singular)
pūclum (dative plural)

Middle English: *poukel (found in names and compounds)

English: puckle

Diminutive of pūca (“devil, demon”), from Proto-Germanic *pūkô (“goblin, imp”), equivalent to pūca + -el. Cognate with Danish pokker (“devil, deuce”). More at puck.


fola

fola (nominative singular)
folan (nominative plural)
folan (accusative singular)
folan (accusative plural)
folan (genitive singular)
folena (genitive plural)
folan (dative singular)
folum (dative plural)

Middle English: fole

English: foal

Scots: fole, foill


modrige

mōdriġe (canonical feminine)
mōdriġe (nominative singular)
mōdriġan (nominative plural)
mōdriġan (accusative singular)
mōdriġan (accusative plural)
mōdriġan (genitive singular)
mōdriġena (genitive plural)
mōdriġan (dative singular)
mōdriġum (dative plural)
mōderġe (alternative)
mōddriġe (alternative)

Middle English: moddrie, moddri

From Proto-West Germanic *mōdrijā, from Proto-Germanic *mōdrijǭ (“maternal aunt”). Cognate with Old Frisian mōdrie (“maternal aunt”), Old High German muotera (“maternal aunt”).


faþu

faþu (nominative singular)
faþa (nominative plural)
faþe (nominative plural)
faþe (accusative singular)
faþa (accusative plural)
faþe (accusative plural)
faþe (genitive singular)
faþa (genitive plural)
faþe (dative singular)
faþum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *faþō, *faþǭ (“father's sister”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Akin to Old Frisian fethe (“father's sister, aunt”), Middle Low German vade (“father's sister”), Old English fæder (“father”).


faþe

faþe (nominative singular)
faþan (nominative plural)
faþan (accusative singular)
faþan (accusative plural)
faþan (genitive singular)
faþena (genitive plural)
faþan (dative singular)
faþum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *faþǭ, *faþō (“father's sister”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Akin to Old Frisian fethe (“father's sister, aunt”), Middle Low German vade (“father's sister”), Old English fæder (“father”).


fædera

fædera (nominative singular)
fæderan (nominative plural)
fæderan (accusative singular)
fæderan (accusative plural)
fæderan (genitive singular)
fæderena (genitive plural)
fæderan (dative singular)
fæderum (dative plural)
fædra (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *fadurjō (“paternal uncle”).


nift

nift (nominative singular)
nifta (nominative plural)
nifte (nominative plural)
nifte (accusative singular)
nifta (accusative plural)
nifte (accusative plural)
nifte (genitive singular)
nifta (genitive plural)
nifte (dative singular)
niftum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: nyfte, nift, nifte
English: nift (obsolete)

From Proto-Germanic *niftiz (“niece, granddaughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *néptih₂.


hæst

hǣst (canonical feminine)
hǣst (nominative singular)
hǣsta (nominative plural)
hǣste (nominative plural)
hǣste (accusative singular)
hǣsta (accusative plural)
hǣste (accusative plural)
hǣste (genitive singular)
hǣsta (genitive plural)
hǣste (dative singular)
hǣstum (dative plural)
hǣste (alternative)
hēst (alternative)

Middle English: heste (hapax)

Proto-West Germanic *haifsti, from Proto-Germanic *haifstiz (“violence”). Akin to Old Saxon hāste (“haste”), Old Norse heifst (“hatred”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃𐍄𐍃 (haifsts, “quarrel”), Lithuanian kaipstù, kaiptī (“to be dizzy”).


cwead

cwēad (canonical neuter)
cwēad (nominative singular)
cwēad (nominative plural)
cwēad (accusative singular)
cwēad (accusative plural)
cwēades (genitive singular)
cwēada (genitive plural)
cwēade (dative singular)
cwēadum (dative plural)

Middle English: qued

From earlier *cwǣd, from Proto-West Germanic *kwād.


byrden

byrden (nominative singular)
byrdenna (nominative plural)
byrdenne (nominative plural)
byrdenne (accusative singular)
byrdenna (accusative plural)
byrdenne (accusative plural)
byrdenne (genitive singular)
byrdenna (genitive plural)
byrdenne (dative singular)
byrdennum (dative plural)


byrd

byrd (nominative singular)
byrde (nominative plural)
byrda (nominative plural)
byrd (accusative singular)
byrde (accusative singular)
byrde (accusative plural)
byrda (accusative plural)
byrde (genitive singular)
byrda (genitive plural)
byrde (dative singular)
byrdum (dative plural)
*ᛒᚣᚱᛞ (alternative)


cipp

ċipp (canonical masculine)
ċippas (nominative plural)
ċipp (nominative singular)
ċippas (nominative plural)
ċipp (accusative singular)
ċippas (accusative plural)
ċippes (genitive singular)
ċippa (genitive plural)
ċippe (dative singular)
ċippum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: chippe, chep, chip
English: chip
Scots: chip
Yola: chemis (plural)
→ Old French: chippe, chipe
Middle French: chiffe
French: chiffe
⇒ French: chiffon
→ English: chiffon

Derived from *ċippian ("to chip; chop off in pieces"; compare forċippian), from Proto-West Germanic *kippōn, from Proto-Germanic *kipp- (“to chop; split”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵey- (“to split; divide; germinate; sprout”). Cognate with Middle Low German kēp (“notch, nick, cut”), Dutch keep (“notch, nick, score”), Middle Dutch kippen (“to chip, hatch”), Middle Low German kippen (“to chip, hatch”).

gloss

"to chip; chop off in pieces"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">forċippian</i>


cipp

ċipp (canonical masculine)
ċipp (nominative singular)
ċippas (nominative plural)
ċipp (accusative singular)
ċippas (accusative plural)
ċippes (genitive singular)
ċippa (genitive plural)
ċippe (dative singular)
ċippum (dative plural)
ċypp (alternative)
ċip (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *kipp, from Proto-Germanic *kippaz, *kipaz (“log, beam, fetter, foot-block”), of uncertain origin. Often aligned with Latin cippus, cīpus (“post, stake, pointed column made of wood or stone”), though borrowing from the Latin is inconclusive. The Germanic and Latin terms may have been independent borrowings from a third unknown source language.
Akin to Old Saxon kipp, kip (“stick, post”), Old Dutch kip (“fetter”), Old High German kipf (“axle, stave”), Old Norse keppr (“cudgel, club”).


geclofa

clofa (nominative singular)
clofan (nominative plural)
clofan (accusative singular)
clofan (accusative plural)
clofan (genitive singular)
clofena (genitive plural)
clofan (dative singular)
clofum (dative plural)

Derivative of clēofan (“to cleave, split, separate”).

counterpart of a document, especially one where the original has been destroyed, backup copy


wicga

From Proto-Germanic *weganą (“to move, wiggle”) + -ga (diminutive suffix). Related to Old English weġan (“to move”), Middle English wiglen (“to wiggle”).

der

wicgga (alternative)
wigga (alternative)


cunte

cunte (nominative singular)
cuntan (nominative plural)
cuntan (accusative singular)
cuntan (accusative plural)
cuntan (genitive singular)
cuntena (genitive plural)
cuntan (dative singular)
cuntum (dative plural)

Middle English: cunte, counte, queynte

Scots: cunt

English: cunt


sangere

sangere (nominative singular)
sangeras (nominative plural)
sangere (accusative singular)
sangeras (accusative plural)
sangeres (genitive singular)
sangera (genitive plural)
sangere (dative singular)
sangerum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sangwārijaz. Equivalent to sang + -ere.


snad

snād (canonical feminine)
snād (nominative singular)
snāda (nominative plural)
snāde (nominative plural)
snāde (accusative singular)
snāda (accusative plural)
snāde (accusative plural)
snāde (genitive singular)
snāda (genitive plural)
snāde (dative singular)
snādum (dative plural)

Middle English: snade, snode

From Proto-West Germanic *snaidu, from Proto-Germanic *snaidō.


bloma

blōma (canonical masculine)
blōman (nominative plural)
blōma (nominative singular)
blōman (nominative plural)
blōman (accusative singular)
blōman (accusative plural)
blōman (genitive singular)
blōmena (genitive plural)
blōman (dative singular)
blōmum (dative plural)

Middle English: blome

English: bloom

Unknown, but probably a secondary sense to unrecorded *blōma (“flower”), from Proto-West Germanic *blōmō, from Proto-Germanic *blōmô.

unk

Unknown

Īsenes blōma

(metallurgy) The (mass of) metal extracted from the ore; lump, mass


brocc

brocc (nominative singular)
broccas (nominative plural)
brocc (accusative singular)
broccas (accusative plural)
brocces (genitive singular)
brocca (genitive plural)
brocce (dative singular)
broccum (dative plural)
broc (alternative)

Middle English: brok

English: brock

→ Danish: brok c

Probably from a Celtic source akin to Irish broc, Welsh broch, Cornish brogh and thus ultimately from Proto-Celtic *brokkos.


hyr

hȳr (canonical feminine)
hȳr (nominative singular)
hȳra (nominative plural)
hȳre (nominative plural)
hȳre (accusative singular)
hȳra (accusative plural)
hȳre (accusative plural)
hȳre (genitive singular)
hȳra (genitive plural)
hȳre (dative singular)
hȳrum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: hire, hyre, hure, here, huyre

English: hire

Scots: hire

From Proto-West Germanic *hūʀiju (“hire”), from the verb *hūʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *hūzijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kūs- (“price, hire”). Cognate with Old Frisian hēre (“hire”), Old Saxon hūria (“lease, rent”), Middle Dutch hūre (“lease, rent”).

der

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Sume menn syllaþ ēac ċyrċan tō hȳre swāswā wāclīċe mylna...

Some men also sell churches for hire as if they were mills of little worth...


cyll

cyll (nominative singular)
cylla (nominative plural)
cylle (nominative plural)
cylle (accusative singular)
cylla (accusative plural)
cylle (accusative plural)
cylle (genitive singular)
cylla (genitive plural)
cylle (dative singular)
cyllum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *kullijaz, from Late Latin culleus, variant of Latin cōleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós, “sheath, scabbard”). Cognate with Old Norse kyllir (“sack, scrotum”).


beorma

beorma (nominative singular)
beorman (nominative plural)
beorman (accusative singular)
beorman (accusative plural)
beorman (genitive singular)
beormena (genitive plural)
beorman (dative singular)
beormum (dative plural)
beorm (alternative)
bearm (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: berme, berm, beorme (early south West Midlands), barm, barme (Late Middle English)
English: barm
Scots: barm, berme, barme, baurm
Yola: barrm

From Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast, leaven”), from Proto-Indo-European *bher- (“to boil up”), from *bʰrewe- (“to boil, bubble, burn”). Akin to West Frisian berme (“barm”), Middle Dutch berm, barm (“barm”); Low German Bärm, Bärme; Swedish bärme; Old English brēowan (“to brew”), bēor (“beer”). Cognate to Albanian burmë (“fully ripe”). More at brew, beer.


scol

scōl (canonical feminine)
scōl (nominative singular)
scōla (nominative plural)
scōle (nominative plural)
scōle (accusative singular)
scōla (accusative plural)
scōle (accusative plural)
scōle (genitive singular)
scōla (genitive plural)
scōle (dative singular)
scōlum (dative plural)
*ᛋᚳᚩᛚ (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: scole
English: school (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: skuil, skeul
Scots: schuil, skuil

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of On the Assumption of the Blessed Mary"
Sum halig biscop wæs Basilius gehaten, se leornode on anre scole, and se ylca Iulianus samod.

There was a certain bishop named Basilius, who had learned in a school together with this same Julian.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Eugenia, Virgin"
Her sind eac þa cnihtas þe ic cydde mine digolnysse protus et iacinctus þine fostercyld mid ðam ic becom to cristes scole...

Here are also the servants to whom I told my secret, Protus and Jaoinctus, thy foster-children, with whom I went to the school of Christ,...

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Agnes, Virgin"
Þa ða heo gewende of scole ða awogode hi sum cniht simpronies sunu þe wæs ge-set ofer ða burh to heah-gerefan and wæs hæðen-gilda.

When she returned from school, a youth wooed her, son of Sempronius, who was set over the city [to rule] as prefect, and who was an idolator.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
and eubolus se uðwyta þe þær yldost wæs on wysdome underfeng þonne cnapan swa swa he frymdig wæs to larlicre scole and he leornode þa swa þæt þa uðwytan his andgytes wundrodon. On þære ylcan scole wæs seo wælreowa iulianus cristen fram cyld-hade, se wearð casere siððan and awearp his ge-leafan and ge-wende to deofle. Eac þær leornode on þære ylcan scole se æðela Gregorius se ðe eft wearð biscop and fæla wundra worhta swa swa wyrd-wryteres secgað.

And Eubolus the philosopher, who was there the foremost in wisdom, received the boy, because he was inquisitive, into his erudite school, and he learned there so well that the philosophers wondered at his understanding. In the same school was the cruel Julian, a Christian from childhood, who afterwards became Emperor, and renounced his faith, and turned to the devil. Also there learned in the same school the noble Gregory, he who afterwards became bishop, and wrought many miracles, even as historians relate.


wedlac

wedlāc (canonical neuter)
wedlāc (nominative singular)
wedlāc (nominative plural)
wedlāc (accusative singular)
wedlāc (accusative plural)
wedlāces (genitive singular)
wedlāca (genitive plural)
wedlāce (dative singular)
wedlācum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: wedlac, weddlac, wedlak, wedlayk, wedlok, wedlocke

Scots: wedlaik

English: wedlock

From wedd (“pledge, agreement”) + -lāc (suffix denoting activity or process).


forst

forst (nominative singular)
forstas (nominative plural)
forst (accusative singular)
forstas (accusative plural)
forstes (genitive singular)
forsta (genitive plural)
forste (dative singular)
forstum (dative plural)
frost (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: frost, forst, froste, vrost, frosst, freost
English: frost
Scots: frost
Yola: vrosth, vroste, vrast

From Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old High German frost, Old Norse frost. The surviving attestations show metathesis of r, but the descendants derive from a form without it.


fyrhþ

fyrhþ (nominative singular)
fyrhþ (nominative plural)
fyrhþ (accusative singular)
fyrhþ (accusative plural)
fyrhþes (genitive singular)
fyrhþa (genitive plural)
fyrhþe (dative singular)
fyrhþum (dative plural)
fyrhþ (nominative singular)
fyrhþa (nominative plural)
fyrhþe (nominative plural)
fyrhþe (accusative singular)
fyrhþa (accusative plural)
fyrhþe (accusative plural)
fyrhþe (genitive singular)
fyrhþa (genitive plural)
fyrhþe (dative singular)
fyrhþum (dative plural)

Middle English: frith, firth

Scots: firth, fyrth

English: frith, firth

From Proto-West Germanic *furhiþ n, *furhiþi f (“forest, wooded country”), from Proto-Germanic *furhō, *furahō (“fir, pine”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkos (“oak”).


briw

brīw (canonical masculine)
brīw (nominative singular)
brīwas (nominative plural)
brīw (accusative singular)
brīwas (accusative plural)
brīwes (genitive singular)
brīwa (genitive plural)
brīwe (dative singular)
brīwum (dative plural)
brīu (alternative)
brīġ (alternative)
briiw (alternative)
briiġ (alternative)

Middle English: breie, bre

Scots: brie

English: bree


pleoh

pleoh (nominative singular)
pleoh (nominative plural)
pleoh (accusative singular)
pleoh (accusative plural)
plēos (genitive singular)
plēona (genitive plural)
plēo (dative singular)
plēom (dative plural)
plēoum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *plegą (“responsibility, care”), of unknown origin. Akin to Old Frisian plē, plī (“danger”), Old English pliht (“danger, risk”). More at plight.

unk

unknown


sinder

sinder (nominative singular)
sinder (nominative plural)
sinder (accusative singular)
sinder (accusative plural)
sindres (genitive singular)
sindra (genitive plural)
sindre (dative singular)
sindrum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: sinder, synder, syndir, cyndyr

English: cinder

Scots: sinder

From Proto-West Germanic *sindr, from Proto-Germanic *sindraz (“dross, cinder, slag”), from Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, cinder”). Akin to Old High German sintar (“cinder”), Middle Low German sinder (“cinder”), Old Norse sindr (“cinder”), Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”).


fleogenda

flēogenda (canonical masculine)
fleogenda (nominative singular)
flēogendan (nominative plural)
fleogendan (accusative singular)
flēogendan (accusative plural)
fleogendan (genitive singular)
flēogendena (genitive plural)
fleogendan (dative singular)
flēogendum (dative plural)

Deverbal from flēogan (“to fly”), equivalent to flēogan + -ende + -a.


beadu

beadu (nominative singular)
beadwa (nominative plural)
beadwe (nominative plural)
beadwe (accusative singular)
beadwa (accusative plural)
beadwe (accusative plural)
beadwe (genitive singular)
beadwa (genitive plural)
beadwe (dative singular)
beadwum (dative plural)
beado (alternative)
badu (alternative)
bǣde- (alternative in-compounds)

From Proto-West Germanic *badu, from Proto-Germanic *badwō. Cognate with Old Norse bǫð.


bæcere

bæcere (nominative singular)
bæceras (nominative plural)
bæcere (accusative singular)
bæceras (accusative plural)
bæceres (genitive singular)
bæcera (genitive plural)
bæcere (dative singular)
bæcerum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: bakere, backer, backere
English: baker
Scots: bakar, baikar

From Proto-West Germanic *bakārī, from Proto-Germanic *bakārijaz, corresponding to *bæc + -ere. Cognate with Old Saxon bakkāri, bekkeri, Old High German bekkāri, beckāri (>German Bäcker), Old Norse bakari (Swedish bagare).

baker (person who bakes and sells bread, etc)


peo

pēo (canonical feminine)
pēo (nominative singular)
pēon (nominative plural)
pēon (accusative singular)
pēon (accusative plural)
pēon (genitive singular)
pēona (genitive plural)
pēon (dative singular)
pēom (dative plural)
pēoum (dative plural)
pīe (alternative)
pīæ (alternative)
pē (alternative)

Unknown. Perhaps a dissimilated form of bēo (“bee”).


flana

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of flān


cnawelæcing

cnāwelǣċing (canonical feminine)
cnāwelǣċing (nominative singular)
cnāwelǣċinga (nominative plural)
cnāwelǣċinge (nominative plural)
cnāwelǣċinge (accusative singular)
cnāwelǣċinga (accusative plural)
cnāwelǣċinge (accusative plural)
cnāwelǣċinge (genitive singular)
cnāwelǣċinga (genitive plural)
cnāwelǣċinge (dative singular)
cnāwelǣċingum (dative plural)

Middle English: knowleching

From *cnāwelǣċan (“to acknowledge”), equivalent to cnāwe (“knowing, conscious, aware”) + -lǣċan (suffix denoting process or activity). Akin to Old English cnāwan (“to know, recognise”).


roþor

rōþor (canonical neuter)
rōþor (nominative singular)
rōþor (nominative plural)
rōþor (accusative singular)
rōþor (accusative plural)
rōþres (genitive singular)
rōþra (genitive plural)
rōþre (dative singular)
rōþrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: rother, rodder, rothre, ruder, rothyr, rothir, rothar, roþer
English: rudder, rother
Scots: rudder, ruther, ruder

From Proto-West Germanic *rōþr (“rudder”, literally “instrument for rowing”). Cognate with Old Frisian rōther, Old High German ruodar. Equivalent to rōwan (“to row”) + -þor.


scite

desc

Middle English: schite, Schit, schute, schyt

English: shite, shit

Scots: schit, shit

From Proto-West Germanic *skiti, from Proto-Germanic *skīta-, *skītaz, *skitiz, from Proto-Indo-European *sḱeyd-, *skeyd- (“to split, divide, separate”).
Related to Middle Low German schite (German Low German Schiet), Old Dutch skīta (Middle Dutch schitte, Dutch schijt), German Scheiße, Scheisse, Danish skid, Icelandic skítur, Norwegian Bokmål skitt, Norwegian Nynorsk skit, skitt, Swedish skit.


mereswin

mereswīn (canonical neuter)
mereswīn (nominative singular)
mereswīn (nominative plural)
mereswīn (accusative singular)
mereswīn (accusative plural)
mereswīnes (genitive singular)
mereswīna (genitive plural)
mereswīne (dative singular)
mereswīnum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: mereswyn, mereswyne, mersuine
English: mereswine
Scots: mereswine

From Proto-West Germanic *mariswīn. Equivalent to mere (“sea”) + swīn (“pig”). Cognate with Old Saxon meriswīn.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Swylċe ēac þēos eorþe is berende missenlīcra fugela ⁊ sǣwihta ⁊ hēr bēoþ oft fanġene seolas ⁊ hronas and mereswȳn; ⁊ hēr bēoþ oft numene missenlīcra cynna weolcsċylle ⁊ muscule, ⁊ on þām oft ġemette þā betstan meregrotan ǣlces hīwes.

This land also bears various birds and sea creatures, and seals, porpoises, and dolphins are often caught here; and various kinds of mussels and shellfish are often taken, and in them the best pearls of every color are often found.

Mereswīn bēoþ swīðe plegol nīetenu.


cann

cann (nominative singular)
canna (nominative plural)
canne (nominative plural)
canne (accusative singular)
canna (accusative plural)
canne (accusative plural)
canne (genitive singular)
canna (genitive plural)
canne (dative singular)
cannum (dative plural)

English: canny, uncanny

From Proto-Germanic *kannō (“knowledge”), from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to know how”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵen-, *ǵnō- (“to know”), *ǵn̥néh₃-. Akin to Old Frisian kanna, kena (“recognition, investigation”).

confirmation, averment, a positive assertion


seht

desc

Middle English: seihte, saȝt, saughte, saght

Scots: saucht

English: saught

sæht (alternative)
seaht (alternative)
saht (alternative)

settlement; arrangement; agreement; truce


cnawelæc

cnāwelǣċ (canonical feminine)
cnāwelǣċ (nominative singular)
cnāwelǣċa (nominative plural)
cnāwelǣċe (nominative plural)
cnāwelǣċe (accusative singular)
cnāwelǣċa (accusative plural)
cnāwelǣċe (accusative plural)
cnāwelǣċe (genitive singular)
cnāwelǣċa (genitive plural)
cnāwelǣċe (dative singular)
cnāwelǣċum (dative plural)

From *cnāwelǣċan (“to acknowledge”), from cnāwe (“knowing, conscious, aware”) (from cnāwan (“to know, recognise”)) + -lǣċan, suffix denoting process or activity.


laur

laur (nominative singular)
lauras (nominative plural)
laur (accusative singular)
lauras (accusative plural)
laures (genitive singular)
laura (genitive plural)
laure (dative singular)
laurum (dative plural)
lauwer (alternative)
lawer (alternative)


heofonduguþ

heofonduguþ (nominative singular)
heofonduguþa (nominative plural)
heofonduguþe (nominative plural)
heofonduguþe (accusative singular)
heofonduguþa (accusative plural)
heofonduguþe (accusative plural)
heofonduguþe (genitive singular)
heofonduguþa (genitive plural)
heofonduguþe (dative singular)
heofonduguþum (dative plural)

From heofon (“heaven”) + duguþ (“host”).


sulh

sulh (nominative singular)
sylh (nominative plural)
syll (nominative plural)
sulh (accusative singular)
sylh (accusative plural)
syll (accusative plural)
sūle (genitive singular)
sūles (genitive singular)
sūla (genitive plural)
sylh (dative singular)
sylġ (dative singular)
sȳl (dative singular)
sūlum (dative plural)
suluh (alternative)

Middle English: sulh, sulhȝ, sulch, sulgh, sulegh, solouȝ, solough, solwe

English: sullow

Scots: souch

From Proto-West Germanic *sulh, from Proto-Germanic *sulhs (“plough”), from Proto-Indo-European *selk- (“to drag, to furrow”). Cognate with Latin sulcus.


sace

inflection of sacu:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of sacu:
genitive/dative singular


helpend

helpend (nominative singular)
helpend (nominative plural)
helpende (nominative plural)
helpendas (nominative plural)
helpend (accusative singular)
helpend (accusative plural)
helpende (accusative plural)
helpendas (accusative plural)
helpendes (genitive singular)
helpendra (genitive plural)
helpende (dative singular)
helpendum (dative plural)


picgbread

picgbrēad (canonical neuter)
picgbrēad (nominative singular)
picgbrēad (nominative plural)
picgbrēadru (nominative plural)
picgbrēad (accusative singular)
picgbrēad (accusative plural)
picgbrēadru (accusative plural)
picgbrēades (genitive singular)
picgbrēada (genitive plural)
picgbrēade (dative singular)
picgbrēadum (dative plural)
*pycgbrēad (alternative)

Middle English: picbred (“glans”)

/ˈpiɡɡˌbræ͜ɑːd/

[ˈpiɡˌbræ͜ɑːd]

Compound of *picga (“pig”) + brēad (“bread, food”). Compare bēobrēad (“honey"; literally, "bees' bread”).


treg

trēġ (canonical neuter)
trēġ (nominative singular)
trēġ (nominative plural)
trēġ (accusative singular)
trēġ (accusative plural)
trēġes (genitive singular)
trēġa (genitive plural)
trēġe (dative singular)
trēġum (dative plural)
trīġ (alternative)

Middle English: trei, trey

English: tray

Scots: trey, tray

From earlier *trīeg, *trīewg, *trīewig, diminutive (with Old English -ig) of *trīew, from Proto-West Germanic *trauwi, from Proto-Germanic *trawją (“wooden vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *drew- (“a type of vessel”). Akin to Old English trog (“trough”).


treg

treg (nominative singular)
tregu (nominative plural)
treg (accusative singular)
tregu (accusative plural)
treges (genitive singular)
trega (genitive plural)
trege (dative singular)
tregum (dative plural)
terg (alternative)


unwares

strong genitive masculine/neuter singular of unwær


broþ

broþ (nominative singular)
broþu (nominative plural)
broþ (accusative singular)
broþu (accusative plural)
broþes (genitive singular)
broþa (genitive plural)
broþe (dative singular)
broþum (dative plural)

Middle English: broth

English: broth
→ Scottish Gaelic: brot

Scots: broth


wesend

wesend (nominative singular)
wesend (nominative plural)
wesend (accusative singular)
wesend (accusative plural)
wesendes (genitive singular)
wesenda (genitive plural)
wesende (dative singular)
wesendum (dative plural)
wesand (alternative)
weosend (alternative)
wusend (alternative)

Middle English: wesend

From Proto-Germanic *wisundz (“wild ox, aurochs”).


stealcung

stealcung (nominative singular)
stealcunge (accusative singular)
stealcunge (genitive singular)
stealcunge (dative singular)
stalcung (alternative)

Middle English: stalkyng, stalkynge

English: stalking

Scots: stalking

[ˈstæ͜ɑɫ.kuŋɡ]

From Proto-West Germanic *stalukungu, from Proto-Germanic *stalukōną (“to stalk, move stealthily”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)telg, *(s)tolg-. Equivalent to *stealcian (“to stalk”) + -ung. Compare Old Frisian stalkense (“stealthiness”).


gebod

ġebod (canonical neuter)
ġebodu (nominative plural)
ġebod (nominative singular)
ġebodu (nominative plural)
ġebod (accusative singular)
ġebodu (accusative plural)
ġebodes (genitive singular)
ġeboda (genitive plural)
ġebode (dative singular)
ġebodum (dative plural)

From ge- + bod, from Proto-Germanic *gabudą. Cognate with German Gebot.

Be ðæs cyninges gebode.

Abbodissum wé tǽcaþ ðæt hí inholde sín and ðæs hálgan regoles gebodum eallum móde þeówigen,

We teach abbesses to be truly loyal, and to be subservient to the commands of the holy rule with all their mind, (Lchdm. iii. 442, 28)


delf

delf (nominative plural)
delf (nominative singular)
delf (nominative plural)
delf (accusative singular)
delf (accusative plural)
delfes (genitive singular)
delfa (genitive plural)
delfe (dative singular)
delfum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: delf, delfe, delve, dælf
English: delf, delve
Scots: delf, delph

From the verb delfan (“to delve, dig, dig out, burrow, bury”), from Proto-West Germanic *delban, from Proto-Germanic *delbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelbʰ-.

that which is dug: trench, quarry, canal


winde

winde (nominative singular)
windan (nominative plural)
windan (accusative singular)
windan (accusative plural)
windan (genitive singular)
windena (genitive plural)
windan (dative singular)
windum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *windā, from Proto-Germanic *windǭ,

There are no direct attestations of this word in Old English, but exists in several derived compounds.


gicel

ġiċel (canonical masculine)
ġiċel (nominative singular)
ġiċelas (nominative plural)
ġiċel (accusative singular)
ġiċelas (accusative plural)
ġiċeles (genitive singular)
ġiċela (genitive plural)
ġiċele (dative singular)
ġiċelum (dative plural)
ġieċel (alternative)
*ġyċel (alternative)
*ġecol (alternative)
*ġeocol (alternative)
*ġicol (alternative)

Middle English: ikil, ykel, ykle, ychele, ikyl
English: ickle, eckle

From Proto-West Germanic *jikil, *jekul (“icicle”).


pægel

pæġel (canonical masculine)
pæġel (nominative singular)
pæġlas (nominative plural)
pæġel (accusative singular)
pæġlas (accusative plural)
pæġles (genitive singular)
pæġla (genitive plural)
pæġle (dative singular)
pæġlum (dative plural)

Middle English: payle, paiell, paille, payl
English: pail
Yola: pyle


spon

spōn (canonical feminine masculine)
spōn (nominative singular)
spōnas (nominative plural)
spōn (accusative singular)
spōnas (accusative plural)
spōnes (genitive singular)
spōna (genitive plural)
spōne (dative singular)
spōnum (dative plural)
spōn (nominative singular)
spōna (nominative plural)
spōne (nominative plural)
spōne (accusative singular)
spōna (accusative plural)
spōne (accusative plural)
spōne (genitive singular)
spōna (genitive plural)
spōne (dative singular)
spōnum (dative plural)

Middle English: spone, spon, sponne, spoon, spoun, spoune, spun, spune
English: spoon
Geordie English: spuin, speun
Scots: spuin, spin, spon, spone, spun, spune
Yola: spone

From Proto-West Germanic *spānu, from Proto-Germanic *spēnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂-.


stefna

stefna (nominative singular)
stefnan (nominative plural)
stefnan (accusative singular)
stefnan (accusative plural)
stefnan (genitive singular)
stefnena (genitive plural)
stefnan (dative singular)
stefnum (dative plural)

bitre brēostċeare · ġebiden hæbbe,
ġecunnad in ċēole · ċearselda fela,
atol ȳþa ġewealc, · þǣr mec oft biġeat
nearo nihtwaco · ǣt nacan stefnan,
þonne hē be clifum cnossað. · Calde ġeþrungen

have withstood bitter sorrow,
known many sorrow-halls in ship,
loathsome rolling of waves
where the unquiet night watch
oft got me at the stem of seacraft
then it beats near cliffs. Bound by cold


awel

awel (canonical)
āwel (canonical masculine)
awel (nominative singular)
awelas (nominative plural)
awel (accusative singular)
awelas (accusative plural)
aweles (genitive singular)
awela (genitive plural)
awele (dative singular)
awelum (dative plural)
āwel (nominative singular)
āwlas (nominative plural)
āwel (accusative singular)
āwlas (accusative plural)
āwles (genitive singular)
āwla (genitive plural)
āwle (dative singular)
āwlum (dative plural)
awul (alternative)
āwel (alternative)
āwul (alternative)

ang-decl-noun-a-m

Declension of āwel

ang-decl-noun

Declension of āwel

desc

Middle English: owul, owl, eawel, ewel, oul

gl

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">æl</i>

English: awl (merged with descendant of Old English æl)

⇒ Scots: eulcruik, elcuke, ailcruke

From Proto-West Germanic *ahwal, from Proto-Germanic *ahwalaz (“fork, hook”).


fliege

flīege (canonical feminine)
flīege (nominative singular)
flīegan (nominative plural)
flīegan (accusative singular)
flīegan (accusative plural)
flīegan (genitive singular)
flīegena (genitive plural)
flīegan (dative singular)
flīegum (dative plural)


gierde

inflection of ġierd:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of ġierd:
nominative/accusative plural


helde

Middle English: helde


haca

haca (nominative singular)
hacan (nominative plural)
hacan (accusative singular)
hacan (accusative plural)
hacan (genitive singular)
hacena (genitive plural)
hacan (dative singular)
hacum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *hakō, from Proto-Germanic *hakô (“hook”).


handboc

handbōc (canonical feminine)
handbōc (nominative singular)
handbēċ (nominative plural)
handbōc (accusative singular)
handbēċ (accusative plural)
handbēċ (genitive singular)
handbōce (genitive singular)
handbōca (genitive plural)
handbēċ (dative singular)
handbōcum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: hand-boc, hond book, hand buc, hand boke, hondebooke

English: handbook


fleard

fleard (nominative singular)
fleard (nominative plural)
fleard (accusative singular)
fleard (accusative plural)
fleardes (genitive singular)
flearda (genitive plural)
flearde (dative singular)
fleardum (dative plural)

Middle English: flerd, flærd

Scots: flird

English: flird, flirt

Uncertain. Perhaps tied to Proto-Germanic *flaihaz (“sly, underhanded, sneaky”). Compare Old Norse flærð (“fraud, deceit”), Icelandic flærð (“deceit”), Swedish flärd (“vanity, frivolity, flamboyance”).


bydel

bydel (nominative singular)
bydelas (nominative plural)
bydel (accusative singular)
bydelas (accusative plural)
bydeles (genitive singular)
bydela (genitive plural)
bydele (dative singular)
bydelum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: budel, beodel, bidel, bedel

English: beadle

Scots: bedel, beddel, beddal

From Proto-West Germanic *budil, from Proto-Germanic *budilaz (“messenger, herald”), from *beudaną (“to stretch out, extend, offer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to make aware”), equivalent to bod + -el. Akin to Old High German butil (“beadle, court officer”), Old English bēodan (“to announce”). More at bid.


lysu

lysu (nominative singular)
lysu (nominative plural)
lysu (accusative singular)
lysu (accusative plural)
lyswes (genitive singular)
lyswa (genitive plural)
lyswe (dative singular)
lyswum (dative plural)
lesu (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *lasiwą (“weakness, vice”), from Proto-Germanic *lasiwaz (“weak, unreliable, false”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁s- (“weak, slack, limp”). Akin to Old English lyswen (“corrupt, purulent”), Old English lēas (“false, lax”), Old Norse lasinn (“limpy, weak”), las in lasmeyr (“wretched, frail”).


spede

inflection of spēd:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of spēd:
genitive/dative singular


fingerdocce

From finger + *docce, from Proto-West Germanic *dokkā, from Proto-Germanic *dukkǭ (“strength, power”).

der

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual


ysel

ysel (nominative singular)
yselan (nominative plural)
yselan (accusative singular)
yselan (accusative plural)
yselan (genitive singular)
yselena (genitive plural)
yselan (dative singular)
yselum (dative plural)

Ġē syndon dust and acsan and ysela.

c. 730–740, Felix, Life of St. Guthlac, 5:


myrþra

myrþra (nominative singular)
myrþran (nominative plural)
myrþran (accusative singular)
myrþran (accusative plural)
myrþran (genitive singular)
myrþrena (genitive plural)
myrþran (dative singular)
myrþrum (dative plural)

English: murder

From Proto-West Germanic *murþrijō, from Proto-Germanic *murþrijô (“death, killing, murder”), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tro- (“killing”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer-, *mor-, *mr- (“to die”). Akin to Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr, “murder”), Old High German mord (“murder”), Old Norse morð (“murder”), Old English morþ (“death, homicide, murder”), Old English morþor (“secret slaying”).


moru

mora (nominative plural)
more (nominative plural)
moru (nominative singular)
mora (nominative plural)
more (nominative plural)
more (accusative singular)
mora (accusative plural)
more (accusative plural)
more (genitive singular)
mora (genitive plural)
more (dative singular)
morum (dative plural)

Middle English: more

English: more

From Proto-West Germanic *morhu, from Proto-Germanic *murhō. Cognate with Old Saxon morha, moraha (“carrot, parsnip”), Old High German moraha (“carrot, parsnip”).


tacor

tācor (canonical masculine)
tācoras (nominative plural)
tācor (nominative singular)
tācoras (nominative plural)
tācor (accusative singular)
tācoras (accusative plural)
tācores (genitive singular)
tācora (genitive plural)
tācore (dative singular)
tācorum (dative plural)
tācur (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *taikuraz (“brother-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“husband's brother”). Akin to Old Frisian tāker (“husband's brother”), Old High German zeihhor, zeihhur, zeihhir (“husband's brother”), Middle High German zeicher (“brother-in-law”).


ceod

ċēod (canonical masculine)
ċēod (nominative singular)
ċēodas (nominative plural)
ċēod (accusative singular)
ċēodas (accusative plural)
ċēodes (genitive singular)
ċēoda (genitive plural)
ċēode (dative singular)
ċēodum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *keud, *keudu, from Proto-Germanic *keudō (“bag, pouch”). Cognate with Old High German chiot, kiot (“pouch”), Old English codd (“cod, husk, bag, scrotum”). More at cod.


fyrhþe

fyrhþe (nominative singular)
fyrhþu (nominative plural)
fyrhþe (accusative singular)
fyrhþu (accusative plural)
fyrhþes (genitive singular)
fyrhþa (genitive plural)
fyrhþe (dative singular)
fyrhþum (dative plural)
fyrhþe (nominative singular)
fyrhþan (nominative plural)
fyrhþan (accusative singular)
fyrhþan (accusative plural)
fyrhþan (genitive singular)
fyrhþena (genitive plural)
fyrhþan (dative singular)
fyrhþum (dative plural)

Middle English: frith, firth

English: frith, firth

From Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi (“forest, woodland”), Proto-Germanic *furhiþją (“forest, wooded country”), *furhiþǭ, from *furhu (“fir; pine”), from *furahō, *furhō (“fir; pine; (fir or pine) forest”), from Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”), from *perkʷ- (“oak”). Both Proto-Germanic etyma are preserved in Old English.


tonama

tōnama (canonical masculine)
tōnama (nominative singular)
tōnaman (nominative plural)
tōnaman (accusative singular)
tōnaman (accusative plural)
tōnaman (genitive singular)
tōnamena (genitive plural)
tōnaman (dative singular)
tōnamum (dative plural)

Middle English: toname

Scots: to-name

English: to-name, toname


scoh

sċōh (canonical masculine)
sċōh (nominative singular)
sċōs (nominative plural)
sċōh (accusative singular)
sċōs (accusative plural)
sċōs (genitive singular)
sċōna (genitive plural)
sċō (dative singular)
sċōm (dative plural)
sċōum (dative plural)
sċeōh (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: scho, schoo, schowe, sco, sho, shogh, shoo, shouȝ, sso
English: shoe
Scots: shae
Yola: shoone (plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *skōh. Cognate with Old Frisian skōch, Old Saxon skōh.


cisel

ċisel (canonical masculine)
ċisel (nominative singular)
ċiselas (nominative plural)
ċisel (accusative singular)
ċiselas (accusative plural)
ċiseles (genitive singular)
ċisela (genitive plural)
ċisele (dative singular)
ċiselum (dative plural)


handgeweorc

handġeweorc (canonical neuter)
handġeweorc (nominative singular)
handġeweorc (nominative plural)
handġeweorc (accusative singular)
handġeweorc (accusative plural)
handġeweorces (genitive singular)
handġeweorca (genitive plural)
handġeweorce (dative singular)
handġeweorcum (dative plural)

Middle English: hondywerk, handiwerc

English: handiwork

desc

Scots: handiewerk, handiewark, handiwark

something made with the hands: handiwork, handcraft


feax

feax (nominative singular)
feax (nominative plural)
feax (accusative singular)
feax (accusative plural)
feaxes (genitive singular)
feaxa (genitive plural)
feaxe (dative singular)
feaxum (dative plural)
fæx (alternative)
fex (alternative)

Middle English: fax, fex, væx, vax

English: fax

Scots: fax

⇒ Middle English: fayre fax, fare fax

English: Fairfax

From Proto-West Germanic *fahs (“hair, mane”). Cognate with Old Frisian fax, Old Saxon fahs, Old High German fahs, Old Norse fax.

inh

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Hē hæfde blæc feax, blācne andwlitan, and medmiċele nose þynne.

He had black hair, a pale face, and a small, thin nose.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Clement the Martyr"
Þā sē enġel ġelǣhte hine be þām feaxe and hine bær tō Babylōne.

Then the angel grabbed him by the hair and carried him to Babylon.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Passion of St. Alban, Martyr"
Hē rād ðā on his mule mid mycelre fyrde þurh ǣnne hēahne holt mid hetelīcum ġeþance; þā ġefeng hine ān trēow be ðām fexe sona forþan þe hē wæs sīdfæxede and hē swā hangode, and sē mul arn forð fram þām ārlēasan hlāford and Dauides þeġnas hine þurhðydon.

Then he rode on his mule with a great army through a high wood, with hostile intention; then speedily a tree caught him by the hair, because be was long-haired, and he hanged so, and the mule ran forward from the wicked lord, and David's thanes pierced him through.


foresteall

foresteall (nominative singular)
foresteallas (nominative plural)
foresteall (accusative singular)
foresteallas (accusative plural)
forestealles (genitive singular)
forestealla (genitive plural)
forestealle (dative singular)
foresteallum (dative plural)
foresteall (alternative)
forsteall (alternative)

Middle English: forestall

English: forestall

From fore- (“ahead of”) + steall (“position, location”).

prefix

ambush, assault; an offense of waylaying on the highway or the penalty or fine for such an offense


handweorc

handweorc (nominative singular)
handweorc (nominative plural)
handweorc (accusative singular)
handweorc (accusative plural)
handweorces (genitive singular)
handweorca (genitive plural)
handweorce (dative singular)
handweorcum (dative plural)
hondweorc (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: hondwerk, handwerke, hondewerk, andwork, handwarke, handwerk, hand-warke, handewerrc
English: handwork
Scots: handwerk, handwark

From Proto-Germanic *handuwerką. Equivalent to hand (“hand”) + weorc (“work”).

…ac mec hnossiað homera lāfa, heardecg heoroscearp, hondweorc smiþa bītað in burgum;

…but remains of hammers strike me, harsh edge of sharp sword, handiworks of smiths bite in boroughs;


handgewrit

handġewrit (canonical neuter)
handġewrit (nominative singular)
handġewritu (nominative plural)
handġewrit (accusative singular)
handġewritu (accusative plural)
handġewrites (genitive singular)
handġewrita (genitive plural)
handġewrite (dative singular)
handġewritum (dative plural)

Middle English: hande-writt

English: handwrit

From hand (“hand”) + ġewrit (“writing”).

something written by hand, manuscript; handwriting


toscan

inflection of tosċa:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of tosċa:
genitive/dative singular


bodan

From Proto-West Germanic *botm, from Proto-Germanic *butmaz (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn (“earth, bottom”). Cognate with Old Frisian boden (“ground”), Old High German bodam (“ground, floor”), Old Norse botn (“floor, ground”). Doublet of botm (“bottom”).


cnearr

cnearr (nominative singular)
cnearras (nominative plural)
cnearr (accusative singular)
cnearras (accusative plural)
cnearres (genitive singular)
cnearra (genitive plural)
cnearre (dative singular)
cnearrum (dative plural)
cnear (alternative)

From Old Norse knǫrr (“ship, galley”). Probably related to Old Norse kæna (“little boat”). See also knorr.

(used in reference to Viking vessels) a small ship, galley


hagosteald

hagosteald (nominative singular)
hagostealdas (nominative plural)
hagosteald (accusative singular)
hagostealdas (accusative plural)
hagostealdes (genitive singular)
hagostealda (genitive plural)
hagostealde (dative singular)
hagostealdum (dative plural)
hagusteald (alternative)
hæġsteald (alternative)
hehsteald (alternative)

Middle English: hassel, haselle

→? Old Norse: haukstaldar, haukstallar

From Proto-Germanic *hagastaldaz (“unmarried man”, literally “set at the hedge”), a compound of Proto-Germanic *hagą, *hagaz, *hagô (“fence, enclosure, hedge”), from Proto-Indo-European *kagʷh- (“fence, box”) + a derivative of Proto-Germanic *stal- (“to place, set”), from Proto-Indo-European *stelə- (“stem, trunk, base”). Equivalent to haw + *stold. Cognate with Old Saxon hagastald (“servant, young man”), Old High German hagastalt, hagastolt (“mercenary, unwed person”), Proto-Norse ᚺᚨᚷᚢᛊᛏᚨᛚᛞᚨᛉ (hagustaldaʀ).

cog

[ˈhɑ.ɣoˌstæ͜ɑɫd]

unmarried man belonging to a royal court; young warrior


hagosteald

hagosteald (nominative singular)
hagosteald (nominative plural)
hagosteald (accusative singular)
hagosteald (accusative plural)
hagostealdes (genitive singular)
hagostealda (genitive plural)
hagostealde (dative singular)
hagostealdum (dative plural)
hagusteald (alternative)
hæġsteald (alternative)
hehsteald (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *hagastaldą (“celibacy, virginity”) (see above).

inh

[ˈhɑ.ɣoˌstæ͜ɑɫd]


decan

decan (nominative singular)
decanas (nominative plural)
decan (accusative singular)
decanas (accusative plural)
decanes (genitive singular)
decana (genitive plural)
decane (dative singular)
decanum (dative plural)


scread

sċrēad (canonical feminine)
sċrēada (nominative plural)
sċrēad (nominative singular)
sċrēada (nominative plural)
sċrēade (nominative plural)
sċrēade (accusative singular)
sċrēada (accusative plural)
sċrēade (accusative plural)
sċrēade (genitive singular)
sċrēada (genitive plural)
sċrēade (dative singular)
sċrēadum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: screade, screde, schrede, shrede

Scots: schred, screid, skreid

English: shred


halga

hālga (canonical masculine)
hālga (nominative singular)
hālgan (nominative plural)
hālgan (accusative singular)
hālgan (accusative plural)
hālgan (genitive singular)
hālgena (genitive plural)
hālgan (dative singular)
hālgum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: halwe, halewe, halow, halowe, haluwe, halu, halghe, haligh, halogh, halege, halȝe, halȝæ, halȝen, halhe
English: hallow
Scots: hallow

From Proto-West Germanic *hailagō, from Proto-Germanic *hailagô (“holy person”), weak masculine singular of *hailagaz (“holy”). Cognate with Old High German heilego (“saint”). Formally equivalent to Old Norse Helgi (proper name, literally “Holy One”).

cog

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Fif and twentiġ manna myslīċe ġeuntrume cōmon tō þām hālgan heora hǣle biddende; sum wǣron blinde, sume wǣron healte, sume ēac dēafe, and dumbe ēac sum and hī ealle wurdon ānes dæġes ġehǣlede þurh þæs hālgan þingunge and him hām ġewendon.

Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.

holy man, saint (male or of unspecified gender)


bæddel

bæddel (nominative singular)
bæddlas (nominative plural)
bæddel (accusative singular)
bæddlas (accusative plural)
bæddles (genitive singular)
bæddla (genitive plural)
bæddle (dative singular)
bæddlum (dative plural)
bǣddel (alternative)

desctree

⇒ Middle English: badde, bad
English: bad
Scots: bad

Uncertain. Seemingly cognate with Old High German pad (“hermaphrodite”). Usually taken to be related to (an unattested Old English root of) Middle English badde (“wicked, wretched, bad”). Possibly related to Old English bædan (“to defile”) (although Fulk questions this, and the very existence of the verb has been called into question) and/or to Old English bædling (although the precise meaning of this word is uncertain and it has sometimes been suggested to derive from bedd instead).


geol

ġēol (canonical)
ġeōl (canonical neuter)
ġēol (nominative singular)
ġēol (nominative plural)
ġēol (accusative singular)
ġēol (accusative plural)
ġēoles (genitive singular)
ġēola (genitive plural)
ġēole (dative singular)
ġēolum (dative plural)
ġeōl (nominative singular)
ġeōl (nominative plural)
ġeōl (accusative singular)
ġeōl (accusative plural)
ġeōles (genitive singular)
ġeōla (genitive plural)
ġeōle (dative singular)
ġeōlum (dative plural)
ġehhol (alternative)
ġehhel (alternative)
ġēohol (alternative)
ġēohel (alternative)
ġēohhel (alternative)
iūl (alternative)
ġiūl (alternative)
iōl (alternative)
ġeohhel (alternative)
ġeochol (alternative)
ġeohhol (alternative)
ġeohol (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: yol, yole, ȝeolue, yiol, ȝol, ȝole, Yoil, yolde, ȝoul, ȝowl, ȝoule, Yhole, youle
English: Yule
Middle Scots: Yule, Ȝule, Yuill, Ȝuill
Scots: Yule

Either inherited from Proto-West Germanic *jehwl, from Proto-Germanic *jehwlą or its plural *jeulō, or else borrowed from the Norse cognate jól, from the Proto-Germanic plural.

Danelaw
Mercia
Middle English
Old East Norse
Old Norse
Old West Norse
Proto-Germanic
Wessex


granu

granu (nominative singular)
grana (nominative plural)
grane (nominative plural)
grane (accusative singular)
grana (accusative plural)
grane (accusative plural)
grane (genitive singular)
grana (genitive plural)
grane (dative singular)
granum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *granō (“awn, beard-hair, hair-tips, moustache”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrān- (“edge, end, tip”). Cognate with Old High German grana (“beardhair, moustache”), Old Norse grǫn (“beardhair, moustache, lip”).


nostle

nostle (nominative singular)
nostlan (nominative plural)
nostlan (accusative singular)
nostlan (accusative plural)
nostlan (genitive singular)
nostlena (genitive plural)
nostlan (dative singular)
nostlum (dative plural)
nosle (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *nustilǭ, *nustō (“knotting; band; clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to twist; know; plait”). Cognate with Middle Low German nusche (“clasp; barrette”), Old High German nusta (“band; strap; sling”).

cog

a narrow band or ribbon worn around the head, usually as an ornament; headband

a strip of any material used for binding or securing


slecg

sleċġ (canonical feminine)
sleċġ (nominative singular)
sleċġa (nominative plural)
sleċġe (nominative plural)
sleċġe (accusative singular)
sleċġa (accusative plural)
sleċġe (accusative plural)
sleċġe (genitive singular)
sleċġa (genitive plural)
sleċġe (dative singular)
sleċġum (dative plural)
slegc (alternative)
sliċċ (alternative)
sliċ (alternative)

Middle English: slegge

Scots: sleg

English: sledge

From Proto-Germanic *slagjō, *slagjǭ. Compare Old Norse sleggja (“sledgehammer”).


spaca

spāca (canonical masculine)
spāca (nominative singular)
spācan (nominative plural)
spācan (accusative singular)
spācan (accusative plural)
spācan (genitive singular)
spācena (genitive plural)
spācan (dative singular)
spācum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: spoke, spak, spake, spok, spook
English: spoke
Scots: spaik
Yola: spagh

From Proto-West Germanic *spaikā, from Proto-Germanic *spaikǭ. Cognate with Gutnish spaik (“a mark carved in a tree”).


hiwen

hīwen (canonical neuter)
hīwen (nominative singular)
hīwenu (nominative plural)
hīwen (accusative singular)
hīwenu (accusative plural)
hīwenes (genitive singular)
hīwena (genitive plural)
hīwene (dative singular)
hīwenum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *hīw, from Proto-Germanic *hīwą (“husband, wife, spouse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeyw-, *ḱeym- (“relative, tribesman”), from *ḱey-.
Cognate with Old Saxon hīwa (“wife”), Old High German hīwun (“servant, spouse, members of the family”), Latin cīvis (“burgher, citizen”). More at city.


puca

pūca (canonical masculine)
pūca (nominative singular)
pūcan (nominative plural)
pūcan (accusative singular)
pūcan (accusative plural)
pūcan (genitive singular)
pūcena (genitive plural)
pūcan (dative singular)
pūcum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: pouke, ppoke, powke, puke
English: puck, Puck
>? English: pug

→? Cornish: bucca

→ Welsh: pwca

From Proto-West Germanic *pūkō, from Proto-Germanic *pūkô (“a goblin, spook”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāug(')- (“brilliance, spectre”) or from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to swell, blow”).
Cognate with Old Norse púki (dialectal Swedish puke (“devil”)). Compare also Middle Low German spôk, spûk (“apparition, ghost”), Middle Dutch spooc (“apparition, ghost”) (Dutch spook), Middle High German gespük (“a haunting”) (German Spuk).


beom

bēom (canonical)
bīom (alternative)
beom (alternative)

From bēo (“bee”) + -um (dative plural ending).


wange

wange (nominative singular)
wangan (nominative plural)
wange (accusative singular)
wangan (accusative plural)
wangan (genitive singular)
wangena (genitive plural)
wangan (dative singular)
wangum (dative plural)
wange (nominative singular)
wangas (nominative plural)
wonge (nominative plural)
wonga (nominative plural)
wange (accusative singular)
wangas (accusative plural)
wonge (accusative plural)
wonga (accusative plural)
wonges (genitive singular)
wonga (genitive plural)
wange (dative singular)
wangum (dative plural)
wænge (alternative)
wenge (alternative)

Middle English: wange

English: wang

From Proto-West Germanic *wangā, from Proto-Germanic *wangô (“cheek”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenǵ- (“neck, cheek”). More at English wang.


heald

heald (nominative singular)
heald (nominative plural)
heald (accusative singular)
heald (accusative plural)
healdes (genitive singular)
healda (genitive plural)
healde (dative singular)
healdum (dative plural)

From or related to Proto-Germanic *hulþaz (“bent, inclined”). Distantly related to Etymology 2 below.


swerd

swerd (nominative singular)
swerd (nominative plural)
swerd (accusative singular)
swerd (accusative plural)
swerdes (genitive singular)
swerda (genitive plural)
swerde (dative singular)
swerdum (dative plural)

Middle English: sword, swerd

English: sword

From Proto-Germanic *swerdą. Cognate with Old Frisian swerd, Old Saxon swerd, Old Dutch swert, Old High German swert, Old Norse sverð.


scole

inflection of sċolu:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of sċolu:
genitive/dative singular


lippe

lippe (nominative singular)
lippan (nominative plural)
lippan (accusative singular)
lippan (accusative plural)
lippan (genitive singular)
lippena (genitive plural)
lippan (dative singular)
lippum (dative plural)


domboc

dōmbōc (canonical feminine)
dōmbōc (nominative singular)
dōmbēċ (nominative plural)
dōmbōc (accusative singular)
dōmbēċ (accusative plural)
dōmbēċ (genitive singular)
dōmbōce (genitive singular)
dōmbōca (genitive plural)
dōmbēċ (dative singular)
dōmbōcum (dative plural)

English: doombook


wracu

wracu (nominative singular)
wraca (nominative plural)
wrace (nominative plural)
wrace (accusative singular)
wraca (accusative plural)
wrace (accusative plural)
wrace (genitive singular)
wraca (genitive plural)
wrace (dative singular)
wracum (dative plural)

Middle English: wrake

English: wrack

From Proto-Germanic *wrakō, likely related to *wrēkō (“persecution, revenge, vengeance”). Cognate with German Rache (“revenge”), Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰 (wraka, “persecution”).


breostcearu

brēostċearu (canonical feminine)
brēostċearu (nominative singular)
brēostċeara (nominative plural)
brēostċeare (nominative plural)
brēostċeare (accusative singular)
brēostċeara (accusative plural)
brēostċeare (accusative plural)
brēostċeare (genitive singular)
brēostċeara (genitive plural)
brēostċeare (dative singular)
brēostċearum (dative plural)

Mæġ iċ be mē sylfum · sōðġied wrecan,
sīþas seċġan, · hū iċ ġeswincdagum
earfoðhwīle · oft þrōwade,
bitre brēostċeare · ġebiden hæbbe,

I can utter a true tale about myself,
tell goings on how I by days of hardship
oft tholed the times of hardship,
have withstood bitter sorrow,


cearseld

ċearseld (canonical neuter)
ċearseld (nominative singular)
ċearseldu (nominative plural)
ċearseld (accusative singular)
ċearseldu (accusative plural)
ċearseldes (genitive singular)
ċearselda (genitive plural)
ċearselde (dative singular)
ċearseldum (dative plural)

[ˈt͡ʃæ͜ɑrˌseɫd]

bitre brēostċeare · ġebiden hæbbe,
ġecunnad in ċēole · ċearselda fela,
atol ȳþa ġewealc, · þǣr mec oft biġeat
nearo nihtwaco · ǣt nacan stefnan,
þonne hē be clifum cnossað. · Calde ġeþrungen


pipor

pipor (nominative singular)
pipor (accusative singular)
pipores (genitive singular)
pipore (dative singular)
piper (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: peper
English: pepper (see there for further descendants)
Middle Scots: peper, pepar, pepir
Scots: pepper
Yola: pipper


lygen

lyġen (canonical feminine)
lyġen (nominative singular)
lyġenna (nominative plural)
lyġenne (nominative plural)
lyġenne (accusative singular)
lyġenna (accusative plural)
lyġenne (accusative plural)
lyġenne (genitive singular)
lyġenna (genitive plural)
lyġenne (dative singular)
lyġennum (dative plural)

q

likely having merged with descendants of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">lyġe</i>

Middle English: liȝe, lighe, leghe, lie (likely having merged with descendants of Old English lyġe)

English: lie

Scots: ley, lie

From Proto-West Germanic *luginu, from Proto-Germanic *luginō, *lugį̄ (“lie, falsehood”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to tell lies, swear, bemoan”). Cognate with Old Saxon lugina (“falsehood”), Danish løgn (“lie”), Norwegian lygn (“lie”). More at lie.


feormeham

feormehām (canonical masculine)
feormehām (nominative singular)
feormehāmas (nominative plural)
feormehām (accusative singular)
feormehāmas (accusative plural)
feormehāmes (genitive singular)
feormehāma (genitive plural)
feormehāme (dative singular)
feormehāmum (dative plural)

From feorme (combining form of feorm, “subsistence”) + hām (“home, village”).

compound

combining form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">feorm</i>


hæcce

hæcce (nominative singular)
hæccan (nominative plural)
hæccan (accusative singular)
hæccan (accusative plural)
hæccan (genitive singular)
hæccena (genitive plural)
hæccan (dative singular)
hæccum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *hakkā (“hoe, crook, hook”). Akin to hōc, haca, and to Old Norse hœkja (“crutch”).


feormere

feormere (nominative singular)
feormeras (nominative plural)
feormere (accusative singular)
feormeras (accusative plural)
feormeres (genitive singular)
feormera (genitive plural)
feormere (dative singular)
feormerum (dative plural)

Middle English: fermer, fermour

English: farmer

From feorm (“provisions, supplies”) + -ere.

one who supplies with food, purveyor, grocer, farmer


herebeorg

herebeorg (nominative singular)
herebeorga (nominative plural)
herebeorge (nominative plural)
herebeorge (accusative singular)
herebeorga (accusative plural)
herebeorge (accusative plural)
herebeorge (genitive singular)
herebeorga (genitive plural)
herebeorge (dative singular)
herebeorgum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: herberwe
English: harbor, harbour (Commonwealth), harborough, herborough, harborow (all obsolete)
→ Cebuano: harbor
→ Marshallese: aba
→ Welsh: harbwr
Middle Scots: herbery, harbery, herbrie
Scots: harboury (obsolete), hairbour (possibly borrowed from English)


hnecca

hnecca (nominative singular)
hneccan (nominative plural)
hneccan (accusative singular)
hneccan (accusative plural)
hneccan (genitive singular)
hneccena (genitive plural)
hneccan (dative singular)
hneccum (dative plural)

Middle English: nekke, nake, nec, necke, nek, neke, nhicke, nykke (Kent)
English: neck
Scots: neck

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hnakkō, from Proto-Germanic *hnakkô.


smoca

desctree

Middle English: smoke, smok, smoc
English: smoke
Yola: smock

From Proto-Germanic *smukô (“smoke, nebulous air”), from Proto-Indo-European *smug- (“to smoke; a smoke”). Cognate with German Schmauch (“dense smoke”), Old Irish múch (“smoke”), Ancient Greek σμύχω (smúkhō, “burn with smoldering flame”) and Old Armenian մուխ (mux, “smoke”).


gesceap

ġesċeap (canonical neuter)
ġesċeapu (nominative plural)
ġesċeap (nominative singular)
ġesċeapu (nominative plural)
ġesċeap (accusative singular)
ġesċeapu (accusative plural)
ġesċeapes (genitive singular)
ġesċeapa (genitive plural)
ġesċeape (dative singular)
ġesċeapum (dative plural)

Middle English: shap, schape

English: shape

From Proto-Germanic *gaskapą, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to split, cut”). Compare Old Saxon giskap (“creation, destiny”), Old Norse skap (“creation, fate”).


wordgecwide

wordġecwide (canonical neuter)
wordġecwide (nominative singular)
wordġecwidu (nominative plural)
wordġecwide (accusative singular)
wordġecwidu (accusative plural)
wordġecwides (genitive singular)
wordġecwida (genitive plural)
wordġecwide (dative singular)
wordġecwidum (dative plural)

From word (“word, statement”) + ġecwide (“agreement”).

compound

a verbal agreement; an expressed agreement; a formal contract


steorn

steorn (nominative singular)
steorna (nominative plural)
steorne (nominative plural)
steorne (accusative singular)
steorna (accusative plural)
steorne (accusative plural)
steorne (genitive singular)
steorna (genitive plural)
steorne (dative singular)
steornum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *stirniju (“forehead”).


seaw

sēaw (canonical masculine neuter)
sēaw (nominative singular)
sēaw (nominative plural)
sēaw (accusative singular)
sēaw (accusative plural)
sēawes (genitive singular)
sēawa (genitive plural)
sēawe (dative singular)
sēawum (dative plural)
sēaw (nominative singular)
sēawas (nominative plural)
sēaw (accusative singular)
sēawas (accusative plural)
sēawes (genitive singular)
sēawa (genitive plural)
sēawe (dative singular)
sēawum (dative plural)
sēa (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: sew, cew, cewe, seew, seue, sewe, seaw (Early Middle English)
English: sew (obsolete)
→ Middle Welsh: sew
Welsh: sew (obsolete)

From Proto-West Germanic *sauw. Cognate with Old High German sou (“juice”), Old Norse sǫggr (“moist”) (Icelandic söggur), dialectal Swedish sögg, sygg (“damp, humid”). Probably related to English sog.


eder

eder (nominative singular)
ederas (nominative plural)
eder (accusative singular)
ederas (accusative plural)
ederes (genitive singular)
edera (genitive plural)
edere (dative singular)
ederum (dative plural)


gealdor

ġealdor (canonical neuter)
ġealdor (nominative singular)
ġealdru (nominative plural)
ġealdor (accusative singular)
ġealdru (accusative plural)
ġealdres (genitive singular)
ġealdra (genitive plural)
ġealdre (dative singular)
ġealdrum (dative plural)
galdor (alternative)

Middle English: galder


palent

palent (nominative singular)
palentas (nominative plural)
palent (accusative singular)
palentas (accusative plural)
palentes (genitive singular)
palenta (genitive plural)
palente (dative singular)
palentum (dative plural)
palente (alternative)
palendse (alternative)
pallent (alternative)
palentse (alternative)


gefeoht

ġefeoht (canonical neuter)
ġefeoht (nominative singular)
ġefeoht (nominative plural)
ġefeoht (accusative singular)
ġefeoht (accusative plural)
ġefeohtes (genitive singular)
ġefeohta (genitive plural)
ġefeohte (dative singular)
ġefeohtum (dative plural)
ġefiht (alternative)
gifect (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *gafehtą. Cognate with Old Saxon *gifeht, Old High German gifeht. Equivalent to ġe- + feoht.

Ġeswīcaþ þæs ġefeohtes!

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Leoniða, Læcedemonia cyning, Crēca byrġ, hæfde IIII þūsend monna, þā hē anġēan Xersis fōr, on ānum nearwan londfæstenne; ⁊ him þǣr mid ġefeohte wiðstōd.

Leonidas, king of Sparta, a Greek city, had four thousand men, when he marched against Xerxes, in a narrow fortified pass; and stood against him in battle.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Agnes, Virgin"
...and behat me þam heretogan þæt he me underfo æfter ðam gefeohte siððan he ða scyððiscan mid sige oferwinð.

...and promise me to the general, that he may take me after the war, after he shall by victory conquer the Scythians.


assa

assa (nominative singular)
assan (nominative plural)
assan (accusative singular)
assan (accusative plural)
assan (genitive singular)
assena (genitive plural)
assan (dative singular)
assum (dative plural)
asse (alternative)

Middle English: asse

English: ass

Yola: ess

Back-formation from assen, from Celtic (compare Old Irish asan, Old Cornish asen), from Latin asinus.


sceo

sċēo (canonical masculine)
sċēo (nominative singular)
sċēon (nominative plural)
sċēon (accusative singular)
sċēon (accusative plural)
sċēon (genitive singular)
sċēona (genitive plural)
sċēon (dative singular)
sċēom (dative plural)
sċēoum (dative plural)
sċīo (alternative)

Middle English: scheu, schew

From Proto-West Germanic *skiwō, from Proto-Germanic *skiwô, *skiwją (“cloud, cloud cover, haze”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).
Cognate with Old Saxon scio, skio, skeo (“light cloud cover”), Old Norse ský (“cloud”), Old Irish ceó (“sky”).


annes

ānnes (canonical feminine)
ānnes (nominative singular)
ānnessa (nominative plural)
ānnesse (nominative plural)
ānnesse (accusative singular)
ānnessa (accusative plural)
ānnesse (accusative plural)
ānnesse (genitive singular)
ānnessa (genitive plural)
ānnesse (dative singular)
ānnessum (dative plural)
ānnys (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: onnesse, oonnesse (Late Middle English), anes, annes (Northern), annesse (Early Middle English)
English: oneness

c. 992, Ælfric,"The Epiphany of the Lord"
Þa Iudeiscan ðe on Crist gelyfdon wæron him gehēndor stōwlice, and eac ðurh cȳððe þære ealdan ǣ: we wæron swiðe fyrlyne, ægðer ge stōwlice ge ðurh uncȳððe; ac he us gegaderode mid ānum geleafan to ðam healicum hyrn-stane, þæt is to ānnysse his gelaðunge.

The Jews who believed in Christ were nearer to him locally, and also through knowledge of the old law: we were very remote, both locally and through ignorance; but he gathered us with one faith to the high corner-stone, that is to the unity of his church.


sidan

inflection of sīde:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of sīde:
genitive/dative singular


lyfte

inflection of lyft:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of lyft:
genitive/dative singular


metere

mētere (canonical masculine)
mētere (nominative singular)
mēteras (nominative plural)
mētere (accusative singular)
mēteras (accusative plural)
mēteres (genitive singular)
mētera (genitive plural)
mētere (dative singular)
mēterum (dative plural)

Middle English: metere (“painter”)


tungan

inflection of tunge:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of tunge:
nominative/accusative plural


linan

inflection of līne:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of līne:
genitive/dative singular


niten

nīten (canonical neuter)
nīten (nominative singular)
nītenu (nominative plural)
nīten (accusative singular)
nītenu (accusative plural)
nītenes (genitive singular)
nītena (genitive plural)
nītene (dative singular)
nītenum (dative plural)


fann

fann (nominative singular)
fanna (nominative plural)
fanne (nominative plural)
fanne (accusative singular)
fanna (accusative plural)
fanne (accusative plural)
fanne (genitive singular)
fanna (genitive plural)
fanne (dative singular)
fannum (dative plural)
fan (alternative)
fon (alternative)

Middle English: fan

English: fan

From Proto-West Germanic *βannu, *wannu (“winnowing fan”).


discipulas

nominative/accusative plural of discipul


eolhsand

eolhsand (nominative singular)
eolhsand (nominative plural)
eolhsand (accusative singular)
eolhsand (accusative plural)
eolhsandes (genitive singular)
eolhsanda (genitive plural)
eolhsande (dative singular)
eolhsandum (dative plural)

From eolh (“elk”) + sand (“sand”). More at elk, sand.


andgit

andġit (canonical neuter)
andġit (nominative singular)
andġitu (nominative plural)
andġit (accusative singular)
andġitu (accusative plural)
andġites (genitive singular)
andġita (genitive plural)
andġite (dative singular)
andġitum (dative plural)


cipe

ċipe (canonical feminine)
ċipan (nominative plural)


orgello

ang-decl-noun

Declension of orgello (indeclinable)

orgello (nominative singular)
orgello (accusative singular)
orgello (genitive singular)
orgello (dative singular)


hogg

hoggas (nominative plural)
hogg (nominative singular)
hoggas (nominative plural)
hogg (accusative singular)
hoggas (accusative plural)
hogges (genitive singular)
hogga (genitive plural)
hogge (dative singular)
hoggum (dative plural)
hocg (alternative)

Middle English: hogge, hog

English: hog

Scots: hogg, hog

Uncertain. Possibly derived from Old Norse hǫggva (“to strike, chop, cut”), from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”).
Alternatively, perhaps from Celtic, compare Welsh hwch (“sow”), Cornish hoch (“pig”) (whence probably modern English hoggan (“pork pasty”)); however, the possibility of British Celtic origin [Watkins, etc.] is regarded by OED as "improbable.".

der

hog, especially a castrated male (family Suidae)


meos

mēos (canonical masculine)
mēos (nominative singular)
mēosas (nominative plural)
mēos (accusative singular)
mēosas (accusative plural)
mēoses (genitive singular)
mēosa (genitive plural)
mēose (dative singular)
mēosum (dative plural)

Middle English: mese, messe, mes, meose

English: meese, meece

Scots: mese

From Proto-West Germanic *meus, from Proto-Germanic *meusą, whence also Old High German mios. Related to Old English mos (English moss) through Proto-Germanic *musą.


scolu

sċolu (canonical feminine)
sċolu (nominative singular)
sċola (nominative plural)
sċole (nominative plural)
sċole (accusative singular)
sċola (accusative plural)
sċole (accusative plural)
sċole (genitive singular)
sċola (genitive plural)
sċole (dative singular)
sċolum (dative plural)
sċeolu (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: *schole
English: shoal
Scots: schole

From Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH-.


fearm

fearm (nominative singular)
fearmas (nominative plural)
fearm (accusative singular)
fearmas (accusative plural)
fearmes (genitive singular)
fearma (genitive plural)
fearme (dative singular)
fearmum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *farm, from Proto-Germanic *farmaz. Cognate with Old Saxon farm, Old High German farm, Old Norse farmr.


fearm

fearm (nominative singular)
fearma (nominative plural)
fearme (nominative plural)
fearme (accusative singular)
fearma (accusative plural)
fearme (accusative plural)
fearme (genitive singular)
fearma (genitive plural)
fearme (dative singular)
fearmum (dative plural)


leoden

lēoden (canonical neuter)
lȳden (alternative)

Middle English: leden, leoden

Scots: leid

English: leed, lidden

a language, especially a national or popular language


cicen

ċicen (canonical neuter)
ċicen (nominative singular)
ċicenu (nominative plural)
ċicen (accusative singular)
ċicenu (accusative plural)
ċicenes (genitive singular)
ċicena (genitive plural)
ċicene (dative singular)
ċicenum (dative plural)
ċiccen (alternative)
ċycen (alternative)
ċiacen (alternative)

Middle English: chiken, chicoun, chike, cheke
English: chicken, chick
Scots: chikin, chekin, schik
Yola: chick, chicke

Unclear. Possibly from Proto-West Germanic *kiukīn, with gradual shortening of the first syllable vowel; or alternatively from Proto-Germanic *kukkīną, equivalent to cocc + -en.

unk

Unclear


tacn

tācn (canonical neuter)
tācn (nominative singular)
tācnu (nominative plural)
tācn (accusative singular)
tācnu (accusative plural)
tācnes (genitive singular)
tācna (genitive plural)
tācne (dative singular)
tācnum (dative plural)
tācen (alternative)
tācon (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: token, tokene, tokin, tokine, tokon, tokne, tocne, toquen, taken, takein, takin, takine (Northern), taken, takein, takin, takine, tacn, tacne, tacnæ, tockne (Early Middle English)
English: token
Scots: taiken

→ Old Norse: tákn

Icelandic: tákn

From Proto-West Germanic *taikn.
Cognate with Old Frisian tēken, Old Saxon tēkan, Old High German zeihhan, Old Norse teikn, Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌽𐍃 (taikns).

c. 994, Ælfric, On the Year
Ælce mōnað hēo yrnð under ān þǣra tacna. Ān þǣra tacna ys ġehāten aries, þæt is ramm; oðer taurus, þæt is fearr; ðridda gemini, þæt synd ġetwisan; fēorða cancer, þæt is crabba; fīfta leo; syxta virgo, þæt is mǣden; seofoða libra, þæt is pund orde wǣġe; eahtoðe scorpius, þæt is þrōwend; nigoða is sagittarius, þæt is sċytta; teoða ys capricornus, þæt is buccan horn, oððe bucca; endlyfta is aquarius, þæt is wæter-ġyte, oððe þe þe wæter ġyt; twelfte is pisces, þæt synd fixas.

Each month runs under one of the signs [of the Zodiac]. The first of the signs is called aries, that is "ram"; the second is taurus, that is "bull"; the third is gemini, that is "twins"; the fourth is cancer, that is "crab"; the fifth is lion; the sixth is virgo, that is "virgin"; the seventh is libra, that is "pound" or "scales"; eighth is scorpious, that is "scorpion"; ninth is sagittarius, that is "shooter"; tenth is capricornus, that is "he-goat's horn" or "he-goat"; eleventh is aquarius, that is "pouring water" or "one that pours water"; twelfth is pisces, that is "fishes."

an indication, a mark which shows condition or state

a sign which shews the truth or reality of anything, proof, demonstration, evidence


circul

ċircul (canonical masculine)
ċircul (nominative singular)
ċirculas (nominative plural)
ċircul (accusative singular)
ċirculas (accusative plural)
ċircules (genitive singular)
ċircula (genitive plural)
ċircule (dative singular)
ċirculum (dative plural)


fierd

fierd (nominative singular)
fierde (nominative plural)
fierda (nominative plural)
fierd (accusative singular)
fierde (accusative singular)
fierde (accusative plural)
fierda (accusative plural)
fierde (genitive singular)
fierda (genitive plural)
fierde (dative singular)
fierdum (dative plural)
feord (alternative)
fird (alternative)
fyrd (alternative)

Middle English: ferde, ferd, fierd, fierde, furde, verd, færde, feord, værde (Early Middle English)
>? English: ferd

→ English: fyrd

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Fuluius sē consul fōr mid firde on Crēce tō þǣm beorgum þe mon Olimphus hæt.

The consul Fulvius went to Greece with an army, to the mountain known as Olympus.


insiht

insiht (nominative singular)
insihte (nominative plural)
insihta (nominative plural)
insiht (accusative singular)
insihte (accusative singular)
insihte (accusative plural)
insihta (accusative plural)
insihte (genitive singular)
insihta (genitive plural)
insihte (dative singular)
insihtum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *insahtiz (“account, narrative, story”), equivalent to in- + seht. Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (insahts, “narrative, presentation, discussion”).


forbod

forbodu (nominative plural)
forbod (nominative singular)
forbodu (nominative plural)
forbod (accusative singular)
forbodu (accusative plural)
forbodes (genitive singular)
forboda (genitive plural)
forbode (dative singular)
forbodum (dative plural)

Middle English: forbod

English: forbode

From Proto-Germanic *furibudą, equivalent to for- + bod. Cognate with Old High German firbot (>German Verbot), Dutch verbod; Swedish förbud, Danish forbud.


hyrling

hȳrling (canonical masculine)
hȳrling (nominative singular)
hȳrlingas (nominative plural)
hȳrling (accusative singular)
hȳrlingas (accusative plural)
hȳrlinges (genitive singular)
hȳrlinga (genitive plural)
hȳrlinge (dative singular)
hȳrlingum (dative plural)

Middle English: hirlyng

English: hireling

From Proto-West Germanic *hūʀijuling. Equivalent to hȳr + -ling.


hyreborg

hȳreborg (canonical masculine)
hȳreborg (nominative singular)
hȳreborgas (nominative plural)
hȳreborg (accusative singular)
hȳreborgas (accusative plural)
hȳreborges (genitive singular)
hȳreborga (genitive plural)
hȳreborge (dative singular)
hȳreborgum (dative plural)

From hȳr (“hire”) + borg (“security, pledge, loan”).


hran

Anglo-Saxon runes
Delphinidae
Franks Casket
Orca
Pilot whale
Risso's dolphin
Épinal-Erfurt glossary

hran (nominative singular)
hranas (nominative plural)
hran (accusative singular)
hranas (accusative plural)
hranes (genitive singular)
hrana (genitive plural)
hrane (dative singular)
hranum (dative plural)
hron (alternative)
ran (alternative)

Origin unknown, cf. Épinal Glossary hran (c. 700) and Futhorc ᚻᚱᚩᚾᚫᛋ (hrónæs) (gen. sg.) on the Franks Casket (early 8th c.). Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *harzaz (“a kind of fish”). Compare Norwegian harr (“grayling”), Swedish harr (“grayling”).

unk

unknown

der

(gloss) ballaena

7~8th c., Glossa in Psalmos; Vatican Library MS. Pal. lat. 68, folio 12v

... seven fish fill a seal, seven seals fill a "hran", seven "hrans" fill a whale.

... VII fiscas sēlaes fyllu, sifu sēlas hronaes fyllu, sifu hronas hualaes fyllu.


hran

hrān (canonical masculine)
hrān (nominative singular)
hrānas (nominative plural)
hrān (accusative singular)
hrānas (accusative plural)
hrānes (genitive singular)
hrāna (genitive plural)
hrāne (dative singular)
hrānum (dative plural)

Calque of Old Norse hreinn, as if from Proto-West Germanic *hrain, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hrainaz. At the time, Old Norse and Old English were sufficiently close that the correspondence between ā and ei was transparent, as in words like stān (“stone”) and steinn (“id.”).

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Þā dēor hī hātaþ hrānas...


stemn

stemn (nominative singular)
stemnas (nominative plural)
stemn (accusative singular)
stemnas (accusative plural)
stemnes (genitive singular)
stemna (genitive plural)
stemne (dative singular)
stemnum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: stemme, stem, stemne, stempn, stempne, steuin
English: stem
Yola: stevin

From Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz.


stemn

stemn (nominative singular)
stemna (nominative plural)
stemne (nominative plural)
stemne (accusative singular)
stemna (accusative plural)
stemne (accusative plural)
stemne (genitive singular)
stemna (genitive plural)
stemne (dative singular)
stemnum (dative plural)


castenere

castenere (nominative singular)
casteneras (nominative plural)
castenere (accusative singular)
casteneras (accusative plural)
casteneres (genitive singular)
castenera (genitive plural)
castenere (dative singular)
castenerum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *kastanārī, from Proto-West Germanic *kastō, from Proto-Germanic *kasą, *kazą (“vessel, container”). Second element possibly Old English -ere, in same sense as container.
Cognate with Old High German chastanāri (“encloser”), Old High German kasto (“box, case”) (Modern German Kasten), Dutch kast (“cupboard, case”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍃 (kas, “vessel, container”), Old Norse ker (“vessel, container”).


spir

English: spire


clus

clūs (canonical feminine)
clūs (nominative singular)
clūsa (nominative plural)
clūse (nominative plural)
clūse (accusative singular)
clūsa (accusative plural)
clūse (accusative plural)
clūse (genitive singular)
clūsa (genitive plural)
clūse (dative singular)
clūsum (dative plural)

Ālǣd of carcernes clūse mīne sāwle.

Lead my soul out of [the] prison's enclosure.


scand

sċand (canonical feminine)
sċand (nominative singular)
sċanda (nominative plural)
sċande (nominative plural)
sċande (accusative singular)
sċanda (accusative plural)
sċande (accusative plural)
sċande (genitive singular)
sċanda (genitive plural)
sċande (dative singular)
sċandum (dative plural)
sċeand (alternative)
sċeond (alternative)

desc

Middle English: schonde, schande, shande

English: shand, shan

Scots: shand, shan

From Proto-West Germanic *skandu, from Proto-Germanic *skandō. Cognate with Old Frisian skonde, Old Saxon *skanda, Old Dutch *skanda, Old High German skanda, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 (skanda).

Sċand hit is hū man ġeongum mannum dōþ.

It's a shame how young people are treated.

Mē is lēofre þæt mē man ofslēa þonne iċ on sċande libbe.

I would rather be killed than live in disgrace.


scand

sċand (canonical masculine)
sċand (nominative singular)
sċandas (nominative plural)
sċand (accusative singular)
sċandas (accusative plural)
sċandes (genitive singular)
sċanda (genitive plural)
sċande (dative singular)
sċandum (dative plural)
sċeand (alternative)
sċeond (alternative)

Middle English: sconde, shond

From Proto-West Germanic *skand, from Proto-Germanic *skandaz, *skamdaz (“shameful person”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kem- (“to cover”).

der

a disgraceful person: disgrace, embarrassment


hlafweard

[ˈl̥ɑːvˌwæ͜ɑrˠd]


trus

desctree

Middle English: trouse, trous
English: trouse
Fingallian: trouses (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *drewH-, *deru- (“firm, hard, solid, faithful, true”), see also Old Prussian druwit (“to believe”), Old Irish derb (“certain”).


edor

edor (nominative singular)
edoras (nominative plural)
edor (accusative singular)
edoras (accusative plural)
edores (genitive singular)
edora (genitive plural)
edore (dative singular)
edorum (dative plural)
eder (alternative)
eodor (alternative)
edur (alternative)
eodur (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *edaraz. Cognate with Old High German etar, Old Norse jaðarr.

swā nū missenlīċe · ġeond þisne middanġeard
winde biwāune · weallas stondaþ,
hrīme bihrorene, · hrȳðġe þā ederas.

as now walls are standing differently
over this world, blown by wind,
covered by frost, the slow-swept dwellings.


anhorn

ānhorn (canonical masculine)
ānhorn (nominative singular)
ānhornas (nominative plural)
ānhorn (accusative singular)
ānhornas (accusative plural)
ānhornes (genitive singular)
ānhorna (genitive plural)
ānhorne (dative singular)
ānhornum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *ainahorn, a calque of Latin ūnicornis. Equivalent to ān + horn.


bretwalda

bretwalda (nominative singular)
bretwaldan (nominative plural)
bretwaldan (accusative singular)
bretwaldan (accusative plural)
bretwaldan (genitive singular)
bretwaldena (genitive plural)
bretwaldan (dative singular)
bretwaldum (dative plural)
brȳtenwalda (alternative)
brȳtenwealda (alternative)
brētenānwealda (alternative)

First attested in the 9th century, but applied to kings who ruled from the 5th century onward.
From an adjective brytten (“wide”) and walda (“ruler, wielder”).
The original meaning of the title is thus "wide-ruler", but it was reinterpreted, likely at an early period predating its 9th-century attestation, as containing the name Britain and understood in the sense of "ruler of Britain". The title rex Britanniae "king of Britain" is used by Æthelbald of Mercia in 736, who at the same time is also recorded as a bretwalda.


grop

English: groop

From Proto-Germanic *grōpō (“furrow, ditch, trench”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreb-, *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, furrow, scratch”).


burgræden

burgrǣden (canonical feminine)
burgrǣden (nominative singular)
burgrǣdenna (nominative plural)
burgrǣdenne (nominative plural)
burgrǣdenne (accusative singular)
burgrǣdenna (accusative plural)
burgrǣdenne (accusative plural)
burgrǣdenne (genitive singular)
burgrǣdenna (genitive plural)
burgrǣdenne (dative singular)
burgrǣdennum (dative plural)


utland

ūtland (canonical neuter)
ūtland (nominative singular)
ūtlandas (nominative plural)
ūtland (accusative singular)
ūtlandas (accusative plural)
ūtlandes (genitive singular)
ūtlanda (genitive plural)
ūtlande (dative singular)
ūtlandum (dative plural)

English: outland

From Proto-Germanic *ūtlandą (“outland”), equivalent to ūt (“out”) + land (“land”).


cyre

cyre (nominative singular)
cyras (nominative plural)
cyre (accusative singular)
cyras (accusative plural)
cyres (genitive singular)
cyra (genitive plural)
cyre (dative singular)
cyrum (dative plural)

Middle English: kire, cyre, cure


undern

Middle English: ondern, undern

English: undern

From Proto-Germanic *undurniz (“interval”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥ter, *h₁enter (“between”). Influenced in sense by Latin tertia. Cognate with Old Norse undorn.

terce, the third hour of the day (around 9 am)

(in some later use) midday, the sixth hour of the day (12 pm)


stæl

stæl (nominative singular)
stalu (nominative plural)
stæl (accusative singular)
stalu (accusative plural)
stæles (genitive singular)
stala (genitive plural)
stæle (dative singular)
stalum (dative plural)


cluse

clūse (canonical feminine)
clūse (nominative singular)
clūsan (nominative plural)
clūsan (accusative singular)
clūsan (accusative plural)
clūsan (genitive singular)
clūsena (genitive plural)
clūsan (dative singular)
clūsum (dative plural)
clūs (alternative)

Middle English: cluse, clouse, clowse


munda

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of mund


behat

behāt (canonical neuter)
behāt (nominative singular)
behāt (nominative plural)
behāt (accusative singular)
behāt (accusative plural)
behātes (genitive singular)
behāta (genitive plural)
behāte (dative singular)
behātum (dative plural)


burne

burne (nominative singular)
burnan (nominative plural)
burnan (accusative singular)
burnan (accusative plural)
burnan (genitive singular)
burnena (genitive plural)
burnan (dative singular)
burnum (dative plural)

Middle English: burne

English: bourn, burn

Scots: burn

From Proto-West Germanic *brunnō (“stream, brook”).

a stream, brook, river, or other running water


nægl

næġl (canonical masculine)
næġl (nominative singular)
næglas (nominative plural)
næġl (accusative singular)
næglas (accusative plural)
næġles (genitive singular)
nægla (genitive plural)
næġle (dative singular)
næglum (dative plural)
næġel (alternative)
neġl (alternative)
neġel (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: nayl, neil, nail, nayle, nayll, neyl, naylle
English: nail
Scots: nail, nale
Yola: niel

From Proto-West Germanic *nagl, from Proto-Germanic *naglaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ-.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
⁊ hæfdon ġeleornad mā cræfta hū hīe þā elpendas beswīcan mehton, mid þǣm þæt hīe nāmon trēowu, ⁊ slōgon on oþerne ende moniġe sċearpe īsene næġlas, ⁊ hīe mid flexe bewundon, ⁊ onbǣrndon hit, ⁊ beþyddan hit þonne on þone elpend hindan...

And they had learned more tricks through which they could ensnare the elephants; they took stakes and drove into the other end many sharp iron nails, and wrapped them in flax, and set them on fire, and then thrust them into the elephant from behind...

Hē næġlede næġl on þone weall.

an instrument used to play the strings of a harp, a plectrum; (in compounds) handle


flæscmete

flǣsċmete (canonical masculine)
flǣsċmete (nominative singular)
flǣsċmetas (nominative plural)
flǣsċmete (accusative singular)
flǣsċmetas (accusative plural)
flǣsċmetes (genitive singular)
flǣsċmeta (genitive plural)
flǣsċmete (dative singular)
flǣsċmetum (dative plural)

English: fleshmeat


fla

flā (canonical feminine)
flā (nominative singular)
flān (nominative plural)
flān (accusative singular)
flān (accusative plural)
flān (genitive singular)
flāna (genitive plural)
flān (dative singular)
flām (dative plural)
flāum (dative plural)

Alteration of flān, reinterpreted as an n-stem.


cyng

cyng (nominative singular)
cyngas (nominative plural)
cyng (accusative singular)
cyngas (accusative plural)
cynges (genitive singular)
cynga (genitive plural)
cynge (dative singular)
cyngum (dative plural)


sinu

sinu (nominative singular)
sinwa (nominative plural)
sinwe (nominative plural)
sinwe (accusative singular)
sinwa (accusative plural)
sinwe (accusative plural)
sinwe (genitive singular)
sinwa (genitive plural)
sinwe (dative singular)
sinwum (dative plural)
seno (alternative)
senu (alternative)
seono (alternative)
seonu (alternative)
sionu (alternative)
synu (alternative)

Middle English: synwe
English: sinew
Scots: sinnon, sinnen, sennin, shinnon

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sinu, from Proto-Germanic *sinwō, *senawō (“sinew”).


salnes

sālnes (canonical feminine)
sālnes (nominative singular)
sālnessa (nominative plural)
sālnesse (nominative plural)
sālnesse (accusative singular)
sālnessa (accusative plural)
sālnesse (accusative plural)
sālnesse (genitive singular)
sālnessa (genitive plural)
sālnesse (dative singular)
sālnessum (dative plural)

From a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *sail, from Proto-Germanic *sailaz (“silent”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyl- (“to be silent”) + -nes (“-ness”). Related to Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (anasilan, “to cease, become silent”), Latin sileō (“be silent”), Old English seoloþ (“sea, lake”).


stacga

stacga (nominative singular)
stacgan (nominative plural)
stacgan (accusative singular)
stacgan (accusative plural)
stacgan (genitive singular)
stacgena (genitive plural)
stacgan (dative singular)
stacgum (dative plural)
stagga (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: stagge, stag, steg, stagh, stagg
English: stag
Scots: steg, staig
Yola: staag

From Proto-Germanic *staggijô (“stag, male animal, porcupine”), from Proto-Indo-European *stegʰ-, *stengʰ- (“to prick, stick, pierce”), equivalent to *stac- (compare Old English staca) + -ga (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Old Norse steggi (“male animal, drake”).


cristalla

cristalla (nominative singular)
cristallan (nominative plural)
cristallan (accusative singular)
cristallan (accusative plural)
cristallan (genitive singular)
cristallena (genitive plural)
cristallan (dative singular)
cristallum (dative plural)

Borrowed from Latin crystallum, cristallum.


brer

brēr (canonical masculine)
brǣr (alternative)

English: briar


eorþfæt

eorþfæt (nominative singular)
eorþfatu (nominative plural)
eorþfæt (accusative singular)
eorþfatu (accusative plural)
eorþfætes (genitive singular)
eorþfata (genitive plural)
eorþfæte (dative singular)
eorþfatum (dative plural)


gehðu

ġehðu (canonical feminine)
ġeohðu (alternative)
ġeoðu (alternative)


lichama

līchama (canonical masculine)
līchama (nominative singular)
līchaman (nominative plural)
līchaman (accusative singular)
līchaman (accusative plural)
līchaman (genitive singular)
līchamena (genitive plural)
līchaman (dative singular)
līchamum (dative plural)
līcema (alternative)
līchoma (alternative)

Middle English: likame

English: likam

From Proto-West Germanic *līkahamō, equivalent to līċ + hama. More details at English likam.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?

If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?


beger

beġer (canonical neuter)
beġer (nominative singular)
beġer (nominative plural)
beġer (accusative singular)
beġer (accusative plural)
beġeres (genitive singular)
beġera (genitive plural)
beġere (dative singular)
beġerum (dative plural)
beġir (alternative)


cwenan

Middle English: quenen (early)


hyrd

hyrde (nominative plural)
hyrd (nominative singular)
hyrde (nominative plural)
hyrda (nominative plural)
hyrd (accusative singular)
hyrde (accusative singular)
hyrde (accusative plural)
hyrda (accusative plural)
hyrde (genitive singular)
hyrda (genitive plural)
hyrde (dative singular)
hyrdum (dative plural)

Middle English: hurde

From Proto-West Germanic *hurdi, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz.


deaw

dēaw (canonical masculine neuter)
dēaw (nominative singular)
dēawas (nominative plural)
dēaw (accusative singular)
dēawas (accusative plural)
dēawes (genitive singular)
dēawa (genitive plural)
dēawe (dative singular)
dēawum (dative plural)
dēaw (nominative singular)
dēaw (nominative plural)
dēaw (accusative singular)
dēaw (accusative plural)
dēawes (genitive singular)
dēawa (genitive plural)
dēawe (dative singular)
dēawum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: dew, deau, deaw, deew, deu, dewe, dewȝ, dieuȝ, dæw (Ormulum)
English: dew
Scots: dew, deow, dyow
Yola: dhew

From Proto-Germanic *dawwaz, *dawwą (“dew”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze”). Cognate with Middle Dutch dau, dou (“dew”), Old Frisian dāw (“dew”), Old Saxon dau (“dew”), Old High German tou (“dew”).


lungen

lungen (nominative singular)
lungenna (nominative plural)
lungenne (nominative plural)
lungenne (accusative singular)
lungenna (accusative plural)
lungenne (accusative plural)
lungenne (genitive singular)
lungenna (genitive plural)
lungenne (dative singular)
lungennum (dative plural)

Middle English: lunge

English: lung

From Proto-Germanic *lunganjō, an extension of Proto-Germanic *lungô, from Proto-Indo-European *lengʷʰ- (“light, agile, nimble”). Cognate with Old Frisian lungen, Old Saxon lungannia, Old High German lunganna.


stræc

stræc (nominative singular)
stracu (nominative plural)
stræc (accusative singular)
stracu (accusative plural)
stræces (genitive singular)
straca (genitive plural)
stræce (dative singular)
stracum (dative plural)

Scots: strack

From Proto-Germanic *straką, *strakką (“straightness”), from Proto-Indo-European *streg-, *treg- (“still, rigid”).


horan

inflection of hōre:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of hōre:
genitive/dative singular


pipan

inflection of pīpe:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of pīpe:
genitive/dative singular


fulnes

fūlnes (canonical feminine)
fūlnessa (nominative plural)
fūllnes (alternative)

Middle English: foulnes

English: foulness

From from Proto-West Germanic *fūlnassī, equivalent to fūl + -nes. Cognate with Old High German fūlnussī.


gelicnes

ġelīcnes (canonical feminine)
gelicnes (nominative singular)
ġelīcnessa (nominative plural)
ġelīcnesse (nominative plural)
ġelīcnesse (accusative singular)
ġelīcnessa (accusative plural)
ġelīcnesse (accusative plural)
ġelīcnesse (genitive singular)
ġelīcnessa (genitive plural)
ġelīcnesse (dative singular)
ġelīcnessum (dative plural)
ġelȳcnys (alternative)

Middle English: liknesse, likenesse

English: likeness

From Proto-West Germanic *galīkanassī. Equivalent to ġelīc (“like, similar”) + -nes (“-ness”).

suffix

Old English Heptateuch, Genesis 5:1


sawle

accusative singular genitive singular and dative singular form of sawol


wom

wōm (canonical masculine)
wōm (nominative singular)
wōmas (nominative plural)
wōm (accusative singular)
wōmas (accusative plural)
wōmes (genitive singular)
wōma (genitive plural)
wōme (dative singular)
wōmum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *wōhm, from Proto-Germanic *wōhmaz (“noise, sound, shout, voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak, sound”). Cognate with Old Norse ómr (“sound”), Old Norse ómun (“voice”), Old High German giwahan (“to mention”), Latin vōx (“voice”).


woma

wōma (canonical masculine)
wōma (nominative singular)
wōman (nominative plural)
wōman (accusative singular)
wōman (accusative plural)
wōman (genitive singular)
wōmena (genitive plural)
wōman (dative singular)
wōmum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *wōhmō, from Proto-Germanic *wōhmô (“noise, sound, shout, voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak, sound”). Cognate with Old Norse ómr (“sound”), Old Norse ómun (“voice”), Old High German giwahan (“to mention”), Old Norse œmta (“to utter, mutter”), Latin vōx (“voice”).

inh

hrīð hrēosende · hruse bindeð,
wintres wōma, · þonne won cymeð,

ground binds the falling snowstorm,
howling of winter, then the dark comes,


smitta

smitta (nominative singular)
smittan (nominative plural)
smittan (accusative singular)
smittan (accusative plural)
smittan (genitive singular)
smittena (genitive plural)
smittan (dative singular)
smittum (dative plural)
smytta (alternative)

Middle English: smitte, smite, smit

English: smit, smitt, smite, smitch

⇒ English: *smitching, smidgen

⇒ English: smidge

desc

Scots: smit, smyt, smite, smyte, smot, smitch

Scots: smittock

From Proto-West Germanic *smittō, *smittā (“fleck, spot, smudge, stain”), from Proto-West Germanic *smittōn (“to smear”), from Proto-Germanic *smittōną, from Proto-Indo-European *smeyd- (“to smear, streak, whisk, rub”).

der

that which mars, pollutes, or defiles; pollution, defilement


dena

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of dene


orf

orf (nominative singular)
orf (nominative plural)
orf (accusative singular)
orf (accusative plural)
orfes (genitive singular)
orfa (genitive plural)
orfe (dative singular)
orfum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: orf, orve, oreve, orfe
English: orf

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Þæt fīfte wīte wæs cwealm on heora orfe, swā þæt on ðām lande fornēan nān orf ne belāf, buton Israheles bē ānsund ġestōd.

The fifth plague was a pestilence among their livestock, such that in the land almost no livestock were left, except for those of Israel, who remained healthy.


smittan

inflection of smitta:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of smitta:
genitive/dative singular


sybbe

accusative genitive dative singular of sibb


sealh

sealh (nominative singular)
sēalas (nominative plural)
sealh (accusative singular)
sēalas (accusative plural)
sēales (genitive singular)
sēala (genitive plural)
sēale (dative singular)
sēalum (dative plural)
salh (alternative)
saliġ (alternative)

Middle English: salow, salew, salgh, salghe, salȝe, sallow, salowe, salu, saluh, salwe, salwh, salwhe, saly, salyh
English: sallow, sally, selly
Scots: sauch

From Proto-West Germanic *salh, from Proto-Germanic *salhô (“willow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥H-ik- (“willow”). Cognate with Old High German salaha (“willow”), Old Norse selja (“willow”). More at sallow.


cwice

Middle English: quike, quyke, quich

English: quitch, couch

⇒ English: quitchgrass, couch grass

⇒ English: quickgrass, quackgrass

⇒ Early Scots: quickens

Scots: quickene, quicken

From Proto-West Germanic *kwikwā, from Proto-Germanic *kwikwaz (“alive; living; quick”), related to Old High German quecca, Middle Low German kweke.


spind

spind (nominative singular)
spind (nominative plural)
spind (accusative singular)
spind (accusative plural)
spindes (genitive singular)
spinda (genitive plural)
spinde (dative singular)
spindum (dative plural)
swind (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *spindaz (“fat, grease”), of unknown origin.

unk

unknown