seod

sēod (canonical masculine)
sēod (nominative singular)
sēodas (nominative plural)
sēod (accusative singular)
sēodas (accusative plural)
sēodes (genitive singular)
sēoda (genitive plural)
sēode (dative singular)
sēodum (dative plural)

Middle English: seode

From Proto-West Germanic *seud, from Proto-Germanic *seudaz (“purse; bag; pouch”). Cognate with Old Norse sjóðr (“purse”), Middle High German siuwet, siut (“seam; stitches; suture”).


cnucel

cnuclas (nominative plural)
cnyċel (alternative)
*cnocel (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: knokel, knokelle, knokill, knokyl, knokylle
English: knuckle
Scots: knockle
Yola: noughel

From Proto-West Germanic *knukil, from Proto-Germanic *knukilaz.

(anatomy) the juncture of two bones; knuckle; joint


scyrte

sċyrte (canonical feminine)
sċyrtan (nominative plural)
sċyrte (nominative singular)
sċyrtan (nominative plural)
sċyrtan (accusative singular)
sċyrtan (accusative plural)
sċyrtan (genitive singular)
sċyrtena (genitive plural)
sċyrtan (dative singular)
sċyrtum (dative plural)

Middle English: sherte
English: shirt (see there for further descendants)
Scots: schirt, shurt
Yola: shoorth, skoorth

From Proto-West Germanic *skurtijā (“a short garment; apron”).


uder

ūder (canonical neuter)
ūder (nominative singular)
ūder (nominative plural)
ūder (accusative singular)
ūder (accusative plural)
ūdres (genitive singular)
ūdra (genitive plural)
ūdre (dative singular)
ūdrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: udder, uddyr, iddyr, uther
English: udder
Scots: udder, uther, ether


dægsceald

head

dæġsċeald m (nominative plural dæġsċealdas)

dæġsċeald (canonical masculine)
dæġsċealdas (nominative plural)

→ English: dayshield

/ˈdæjˌʃæ͜ɑld/

[ˈdæjˌʃæ͜ɑɫd]


gimwyrhta

ġimwyrhta (canonical masculine)
ġimwyrhta (nominative singular)
ġimwyrhtan (nominative plural)
ġimwyrhtan (accusative singular)
ġimwyrhtan (accusative plural)
ġimwyrhtan (genitive singular)
ġimwyrhtena (genitive plural)
ġimwyrhtan (dative singular)
ġimwyrhtum (dative plural)
ġimmwyrhta (alternative)
ġymwyrhta (alternative)

→ English: gemwright

Iċ ēode tō þām ġimwyrhtan and bohte dīerne hring.

I went to the jeweler and bought an expensive ring.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Þās ġimwyrhtan seċġaþ þæt hīe nǣfre swā dīerweorðe ġimstānas ne ġemētten.

These jewelers say they've never seen such precious gems.


gafolrand

gafolrand m (nominative plural gafolrandas)

gafolrandas (nominative plural)
gabulrond (alternative)
gafelrond (alternative)
gabelrend (alternative)
gabalrind (alternative)
gabulhrand (alternative)
gabulroid (alternative)


staþolung

staþolung (nominative singular)
staþolunga (nominative plural)
staþolunge (nominative plural)
staþolunge (accusative singular)
staþolunga (accusative plural)
staþolunge (accusative plural)
staþolunge (genitive singular)
staþolunga (genitive plural)
staþolunge (dative singular)
staþolungum (dative plural)


staþoliend

staþoliend (nominative singular)
staþoliend (nominative plural)
staþoliende (nominative plural)
staþoliendas (nominative plural)
staþoliend (accusative singular)
staþoliend (accusative plural)
staþoliende (accusative plural)
staþoliendas (accusative plural)
staþoliendes (genitive singular)
staþoliendra (genitive plural)
staþoliende (dative singular)
staþoliendum (dative plural)


staþolnes

staþolnes (nominative singular)
staþolnessa (nominative plural)
staþolnesse (nominative plural)
staþolnesse (accusative singular)
staþolnessa (accusative plural)
staþolnesse (accusative plural)
staþolnesse (genitive singular)
staþolnessa (genitive plural)
staþolnesse (dative singular)
staþolnessum (dative plural)


staþolæht

staþolǣht (canonical feminine)
staþolǣht (nominative singular)
staþolǣhte (nominative plural)
staþolǣhta (nominative plural)
staþolǣht (accusative singular)
staþolǣhte (accusative singular)
staþolǣhte (accusative plural)
staþolǣhta (accusative plural)
staþolǣhte (genitive singular)
staþolǣhta (genitive plural)
staþolǣhte (dative singular)
staþolǣhtum (dative plural)


modstaþol

mōdstaþol (canonical masculine)
mōdstaþol (nominative singular)
mōdstaþolas (nominative plural)
mōdstaþol (accusative singular)
mōdstaþolas (accusative plural)
mōdstaþoles (genitive singular)
mōdstaþola (genitive plural)
mōdstaþole (dative singular)
mōdstaþolum (dative plural)


modstaþolnes

mōdstaþolnes (canonical feminine)
mōdstaþolnes (nominative singular)
mōdstaþolnessa (nominative plural)
mōdstaþolnesse (nominative plural)
mōdstaþolnesse (accusative singular)
mōdstaþolnessa (accusative plural)
mōdstaþolnesse (accusative plural)
mōdstaþolnesse (genitive singular)
mōdstaþolnessa (genitive plural)
mōdstaþolnesse (dative singular)
mōdstaþolnessum (dative plural)

firm-mindedness; established character or principles


edstaþeliend

edstaþeliend (nominative singular)
edstaþeliend (nominative plural)
edstaþeliende (nominative plural)
edstaþeliendas (nominative plural)
edstaþeliend (accusative singular)
edstaþeliend (accusative plural)
edstaþeliende (accusative plural)
edstaþeliendas (accusative plural)
edstaþeliendes (genitive singular)
edstaþeliendra (genitive plural)
edstaþeliende (dative singular)
edstaþeliendum (dative plural)
edstaþeliġend (alternative)


tyht

tyht (nominative singular)
tyhtas (nominative plural)
tyht (accusative singular)
tyhtas (accusative plural)
tyhtes (genitive singular)
tyhta (genitive plural)
tyhte (dative singular)
tyhtum (dative plural)
tiht (alternative)

Middle English: tiȝt, tuht, tyht

>? Scots: ticht (noun)

⇒ Middle English: tuhtle

>? Scots: tichle, tuckle

From Proto-West Germanic *tuhti, from Proto-Germanic *tuhtiz. Cognate with Old High German zuht.

way; manner of conducting one's self; usage; practice


fotspor

fōtspor (canonical neuter)
fōtspor (nominative singular)
fōtsporu (nominative plural)
fōtspor (accusative singular)
fōtsporu (accusative plural)
fōtspores (genitive singular)
fōtspora (genitive plural)
fōtspore (dative singular)
fōtsporum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *fōtspor, from Proto-Germanic *fōtspurą, equivalent to fōt + spor.


wildor

wildor (nominative plural)
wildor (nominative singular)
wildru (nominative plural)
wildor (accusative singular)
wildru (accusative plural)
wildres (genitive singular)
wildra (genitive plural)
wildre (dative singular)
wildrum (dative plural)
wilder (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *wilþiʀu, the plural of Proto-West Germanic *welþ, from Proto-Germanic *welþaz (oblique *wilþiz-), from the same root as Proto-Germanic *wilþijaz (“wild”). Cognate with Old High German wild (dative plural wildiran), whence modern German Wild (“game”).


efenniht

efenniht (nominative singular)
efenniht (nominative plural)
efenniht (accusative singular)
efenniht (accusative plural)
efenniht (genitive singular)
efennihta (genitive plural)
efenniht (dative singular)
efennihtum (dative plural)


gnætt

gnætt (nominative singular)
gnættas (nominative plural)
gnætt (accusative singular)
gnættas (accusative plural)
gnættes (genitive singular)
gnætta (genitive plural)
gnætte (dative singular)
gnættum (dative plural)
gnæt (alternative)
gneat (alternative)

Middle English: gnat

English: gnat

Scots: gnat

From Proto-West Germanic *gnatt, from Proto-Germanic *gnattaz (“gnat”).

c. 900, the Old English Orosius
Gnættas cōmon ofer eall þæt land.

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Moyses, ðurh Godes mihte, āwende eal heora wæter tō rēadum blōde, and hē āfylde eal heora land mid froggon, and siððan mid gnættum, eft mid hundes lūsum, ðā flugon into heora mūðe and heora næsðyrlum; and sē Ælmihtiġa ðone mōdiġan cyning mid þām eaðelicum ġesċeaftum swā gėswencte...

Moses, through the power of God, turned all their water into red blood, and filled all of their land with frogs, and then with gnats, and afterwards with dogflies, which flew into their mouths and their nostrils; the Almighty punished their proud king in that way with every kind of creature...


fæderland

fæderland (nominative singular)
fæderland (nominative plural)
fæderland (accusative singular)
fæderland (accusative plural)
fæderlandes (genitive singular)
fæderlanda (genitive plural)
fæderlande (dative singular)
fæderlandum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *faderland, equivalent to fæder + land. Cognate with Middle Low German vāderlant, Middle High German vaterlant.


muþa

mūþa (canonical masculine)
mūþan (nominative plural)
mūþa (nominative singular)
mūþan (nominative plural)
mūþan (accusative singular)
mūþan (accusative plural)
mūþan (genitive singular)
mūþena (genitive plural)
mūþan (dative singular)
mūþum (dative plural)


sumer

sumer (nominative singular)
sumeras (nominative plural)
sumer (accusative singular)
sumeras (accusative plural)
sumeres (genitive singular)
sumera (genitive plural)
sumere (dative singular)
sumera (dative singular)
sumerum (dative plural)


ælædend

ǣlǣdend m (nominative plural ǣlǣdende or ǣlǣdendas)

ǣlǣdend (canonical masculine)
ǣlǣdende (nominative plural)
ǣlǣdendas (nominative plural)

From ǣ (“law”) + lǣdend (“leader; bearer; bringer”).


centaurian

accusative/genitive/dative singular of centaurie


sincgiefa

sincġiefa (canonical masculine)
sincġiefa (nominative singular)
sincġiefan (nominative plural)
sincġiefan (accusative singular)
sincġiefan (accusative plural)
sincġiefan (genitive singular)
sincġiefena (genitive plural)
sincġiefan (dative singular)
sincġiefum (dative plural)
sincġyfa (alternative)

From sinc (“treasure”) + ġiefa (“giver”), from ġiefan (“to give”).

... / ond nú óþer cwóm
mihtig mánscaða / wolde hyre maég wrecan
gé feor hafað / faéhðe gestaéled
þæs þe þincean mæg / þegne monegum
sé þe æfter sincgyfan / on sefan gréoteþ:

Beowulf, 1338-1343 (c. 8th-9th century), tr. Benjamin Slade

... / and now the other has come,
the mighty crime-wreaker, / she wants to avenge her kinsman,
and has very far / carried her feud,
as it must seem / to many a thane,
who for the treasure-giver / weeps in his heart:
hard mind-grief! / ...

(poetic) a lord; the giver of treasures to his thanes


stirc

Middle English: styrke, sterk, stirk

English: stirk

Scots: stirk, styrk

steorc (alternative)
styric (alternative)


gingra

ġingra (canonical masculine)
ġingra (nominative singular)
ġingran (nominative plural)
ġingran (accusative singular)
ġingran (accusative plural)
ġingran (genitive singular)
ġingrena (genitive plural)
ġingran (dative singular)
ġingrum (dative plural)
iungra (alternative)
ġungra (alternative)
ġiungra (alternative)

Derived from the above adjective. For the sense compare Old High German jungiro, whence modern German Jünger.


moraþ

mōraþ (canonical neuter)
mōraþ (nominative singular)
mōraþ (nominative plural)
mōraþ (accusative singular)
mōraþ (accusative plural)
mōraþes (genitive singular)
mōraþa (genitive plural)
mōraþe (dative singular)
mōraþum (dative plural)
mōrod (alternative)
mōrað (alternative)


morað

mōrað (canonical neuter)
mōrað (nominative singular)
mōrað (nominative plural)
mōrað (accusative singular)
mōrað (accusative plural)
mōraðes (genitive singular)
mōraða (genitive plural)
mōraðe (dative singular)
mōraðum (dative plural)


grimhelm

grīmhelm (canonical masculine)
grīmhelm (nominative singular)
grīmhelmas (nominative plural)
grīmhelm (accusative singular)
grīmhelmas (accusative plural)
grīmhelmes (genitive singular)
grīmhelma (genitive plural)
grīmhelme (dative singular)
grīmhelmum (dative plural)


wylfen

wylfen (nominative singular)
wylfenna (nominative plural)
wylfenne (nominative plural)
wylfenne (accusative singular)
wylfenna (accusative plural)
wylfenne (accusative plural)
wylfenne (genitive singular)
wylfenna (genitive plural)
wylfenne (dative singular)
wylfennum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: wulfene, wlvine, wulvene

From Proto-West Germanic *wulfini (“female wolf”). Equivalent to wulf + -en (feminine suffix).


ogan

inflection of ōga:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of ōga:
genitive/dative singular


heafola

heafolan (nominative plural)
heafola (nominative singular)
heafolan (nominative plural)
heafolan (accusative singular)
heafolan (accusative plural)
heafolan (genitive singular)
heafolena (genitive plural)
heafolan (dative singular)
heafolum (dative plural)

Apparently from Proto-West Germanic *habulō. Compare Old Frisian heila, holla (“head”), Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la, “skull; forehead”).


sælac

sǣlāc (canonical neuter)
sǣlāc (nominative singular)
sǣlāc (nominative plural)
sǣlāc (accusative singular)
sǣlāc (accusative plural)
sǣlāces (genitive singular)
sǣlāca (genitive plural)
sǣlāce (dative singular)
sǣlācum (dative plural)


freolac

frēolāc (canonical neuter)
frēolāc (nominative singular)
frēolāc (nominative plural)
frēolāc (accusative singular)
frēolāc (accusative plural)
frēolāces (genitive singular)
frēolāca (genitive plural)
frēolāce (dative singular)
frēolācum (dative plural)


feohtlac

feohtlāc (canonical neuter)
feohtlāc (nominative singular)
feohtlāc (nominative plural)
feohtlāc (accusative singular)
feohtlāc (accusative plural)
feohtlāces (genitive singular)
feohtlāca (genitive plural)
feohtlāce (dative singular)
feohtlācum (dative plural)

From feohtan (“to fight”) + -lāc (suffix denoting activity).


hæmedlac

hǣmedlāc (canonical neuter)
hǣmedlāc (nominative singular)
hǣmedlāc (nominative plural)
hǣmedlāc (accusative singular)
hǣmedlāc (accusative plural)
hǣmedlāces (genitive singular)
hǣmedlāca (genitive plural)
hǣmedlāce (dative singular)
hǣmedlācum (dative plural)

From hǣmed (“cohabitation; sexual intercourse”) + -lāc (suffix denoting activity or process).


slege

sleġe (canonical masculine)
sleġe (nominative singular)
sleġas (nominative plural)
sleġe (accusative singular)
sleġas (accusative plural)
sleġes (genitive singular)
sleġa (genitive plural)
sleġe (dative singular)
sleġum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: slay, sleye, slaye
English: sley

From Proto-West Germanic *slagi, from Proto-Germanic *slagiz.

early 11th century, anonymous gloss of Ælfric's Latin Colloquy (c. 995) (edited into idiomatic prose)

I'd rather catch a fish I can kill than a fish that can sink or kill not only me, but also my fishing partners in one blow. [Speaking of a whale.]

Mē is lēofre þæt iċ fisċ ġefō þe iċ ofslēan mæġ þonne fisċ þe nā mē selfne ānne, ac ēac mīne ġefēran mid āne sleġe mæġ besenċan oþþe ofslēan.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Hēo þā (sēo cwēn Dameris) mid miċelre gnornunge ymb þæs cyninges sleġe (hire suna) þenċende wæs, hū hēo hit ġewrecan meahte.

Meanwhile, Queen Tomyris was grieving over the king (her son's) murder, plotting her revenge.

c. 996, Ælfric, "The Nativity of the Lord"
Hē is ġelǣded tō sleġe swā swā sċēap.


draca

draca (nominative singular)
dracan (nominative plural)
dracan (accusative singular)
dracan (accusative plural)
dracan (genitive singular)
dracena (genitive plural)
dracan (dative singular)
dracum (dative plural)

Middle English: drake
English: drake

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Æfter þyssere sprǣċe cōmon ðā drȳmen, and hæfdon him mid tweġen ormǣte dracan, ðǣra orðung ācwealde þæt earme mennisċ: ac sē apostol Matheus þā dracan ġeswefode, and siððan of ðām lande adrǣfde, swā þæt hī næfre siððan þǣr ġesewene nǣron.

After this speech came the sorcerers, who had two enormous dragons which them, whose breath killed that poor man: but the apostle Matthew lulled the dragons to sleep, and then drove them from the land, so that they have never been seen there since.


sunnfolgend

sunnfolgend (nominative singular)
sunnfolgend (nominative plural)
sunnfolgende (nominative plural)
sunnfolgendas (nominative plural)
sunnfolgend (accusative singular)
sunnfolgend (accusative plural)
sunnfolgende (accusative plural)
sunnfolgendas (accusative plural)
sunnfolgendes (genitive singular)
sunnfolgendra (genitive plural)
sunnfolgende (dative singular)
sunnfolgendum (dative plural)

Calque of Latin solisequia (literally “sun-follower”)


solsece

sōlsece (canonical feminine)
sōlsece (nominative singular)
sōlsecan (nominative plural)
sōlsecan (accusative singular)
sōlsecan (accusative plural)
sōlsecan (genitive singular)
sōlsecena (genitive plural)
sōlsecan (dative singular)
sōlsecum (dative plural)
sōlosece (alternative)

Middle English: solosece


sigelhweorfa

siġelhweorfa (canonical masculine)
siġelhweorfa (nominative singular)
siġelhweorfan (nominative plural)
siġelhweorfan (accusative singular)
siġelhweorfan (accusative plural)
siġelhweorfan (genitive singular)
siġelhweorfena (genitive plural)
siġelhweorfan (dative singular)
siġelhweorfum (dative plural)
siġelhweorfe (alternative)

Middle English: siȝelhweorfa

From siġel (“sun”) + hweorfa (“spindle”).


hyrdel

desctree

Middle English: hirdel
English: hurdle
Yola: hardhel

From Proto-West Germanic *hurdil, from Proto-Germanic *hurdilaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *hurdiz ( > Old English *hyrd > Middle English hurde), equivalent to *hyrd + -el.

a frame made of intertwined twigs or bars; hurdle


dott

English: dot

From Proto-West Germanic *dott, from Proto-Germanic *duttaz (“wisp”).


hosan

hosan (nominative plural)
hosan (accusative plural)
hosena (genitive plural)
hosum (dative plural)
hosa (alternative)

→ Old Cornish: hos

→ Welsh: hosan

c. 973, Æthelwold, translation of the Rule of Saint Benedict
Hīe habbaþ sīde earmellan and pohhode hosan.


selfcwala

selfcwala (nominative singular)
selfcwalan (nominative plural)
selfcwalan (accusative singular)
selfcwalan (accusative plural)
selfcwalan (genitive singular)
selfcwalena (genitive plural)
selfcwalan (dative singular)
selfcwalum (dative plural)
sylfcwala (alternative)

desc

Middle English: seolf-cwale, seolf cwale

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Eight Vices and Twelve Abuses"
Ēaðe mæġ sē mann findan hū hē hine selfne āmierre, ac wē sċulon witan þæt nān selfcwala, þæt is āgenslaga, ne becymþ tō Godes rīċe.

Anyone can easily find a way to destroy themselves, but we should know that no suicide, that is [synonym], makes it into the Kingdom of God.


nytte

inflection of nytt:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of nytt:
genitive/dative singular


scolere

scōlere (canonical masculine)
scōleras (nominative plural)
scōlere (nominative singular)
scōleras (nominative plural)
scōlere (accusative singular)
scōleras (accusative plural)
scōleres (genitive singular)
scōlera (genitive plural)
scōlere (dative singular)
scōlerum (dative plural)
scolere (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: scolere, scolare, scollere, scolier, skolere, scholer
English: scholar
Scots: scolar, scoolar
Yola: scholleare

Borrowed from Late Latin scholāris, analysed to be equivalent with scōl + -ere.


godwebb

godwebb (nominative singular)
godwebb (nominative plural)
godwebb (accusative singular)
godwebb (accusative plural)
godwebbes (genitive singular)
godwebba (genitive plural)
godwebbe (dative singular)
godwebbum (dative plural)
godeweb (alternative)
godweb (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *godawabi, from Proto-Germanic *gudawabją, *gudawabjaz, equivalent to god + webb. Cognate with Old Frisian godwebb, Old Saxon godowebbi, godoweb, Old High German gotawebbi, cotiweppi, Old Norse guðvefr.

a divine weave; excellently woven fabric or material


wurma

wurman (nominative plural)
wurma (nominative singular)
wurman (nominative plural)
wurman (accusative singular)
wurman (accusative plural)
wurman (genitive singular)
wurmena (genitive plural)
wurman (dative singular)
wurmum (dative plural)
wyrma (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *wurmô. Cognate with Old Frisian worma, Old High German wurmo.

a shellfish from which purple dye is obtained


cofgod

cōfgod (canonical masculine)
cōfgodas (nominative plural)
cōfgod (nominative singular)
cōfgodas (nominative plural)
cōfgod (accusative singular)
cōfgodas (accusative plural)
cōfgodes (genitive singular)
cōfgoda (genitive plural)
cōfgode (dative singular)
cōfgodum (dative plural)

From cōfa (“chamber, inner room”) + god (“god”).


husel

hūsel (canonical neuter)
hūsel (nominative singular)
hūsel (nominative plural)
hūsel (accusative singular)
hūsel (accusative plural)
hūseles (genitive singular)
hūsela (genitive plural)
hūsele (dative singular)
hūselum (dative plural)


husl

hūsl (canonical neuter)
hūsl (nominative singular)
hūsl (nominative plural)
hūsl (accusative singular)
hūsl (accusative plural)
hūsles (genitive singular)
hūsla (genitive plural)
hūsle (dative singular)
hūslum (dative plural)
hūsel (alternative)
hūsul (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: housel, hoosyl, hosel, hosil, hosill, hosol, housil, housul, housyl, housyll, howsel, howsell, howsill, husel, husell, husul
English: housel (archaic)
Scots: hoozle, ouzle (obsolete)

From Proto-West Germanic *hunsl, from Proto-Germanic *hunslą (“offering, sacrifice”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen- (“holy”). Cognate with Old Norse húsl (“Eucharist”), Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌻 (hunsl, “offering, sacrifice”), Proto-Slavic *svętъ (“holy, sacred”).

cog

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Pastoral Letter for Wulfsige"
Þæt hūsl is Cristes līchama, nā līchamlīċe ac gāstlīċe.

The Eucharist is the body of Christ, not physically but spiritually.

(religion, originally) offering, sacrifice


seaþ

sēaþ (canonical masculine)
sēaþas (nominative plural)
sēaþ (nominative singular)
sēaþas (nominative plural)
sēaþ (accusative singular)
sēaþas (accusative plural)
sēaþes (genitive singular)
sēaþa (genitive plural)
sēaþe (dative singular)
sēaþum (dative plural)

Middle English: seath, sæth, seth

English: seath, seth

From Proto-West Germanic *sauþ, from Proto-Germanic *sauþaz. Cognate with Old Frisian sāth, Old Norse seyðr.


reoma

reoma (nominative singular)
reoman (nominative plural)
reoman (accusative singular)
reoman (accusative plural)
reoman (genitive singular)
reomena (genitive plural)
reoman (dative singular)
reomum (dative plural)

Alternative form of rima (“rim, border, edge”)


reoma

rēoma (canonical masculine)
rēoma (nominative singular)
rēoman (nominative plural)
rēoman (accusative singular)
rēoman (accusative plural)
rēoman (genitive singular)
rēomena (genitive plural)
rēoman (dative singular)
rēomum (dative plural)

Middle English: reme, ryme, rime


susl

sūsl (canonical feminine neuter)
sūsl (nominative singular)
sūsla (nominative plural)
sūsle (nominative plural)
sūsle (accusative singular)
sūsla (accusative plural)
sūsle (accusative plural)
sūsle (genitive singular)
sūsla (genitive plural)
sūsle (dative singular)
sūslum (dative plural)
sūsl (nominative singular)
sūsl (nominative plural)
sūsl (accusative singular)
sūsl (accusative plural)
sūsles (genitive singular)
sūsla (genitive plural)
sūsle (dative singular)
sūslum (dative plural)
sūsel (alternative)
*sēosl (alternative)

Middle English: susl, susel, susle

From Proto-West Germanic *seuhslu, from Proto-Germanic *seuhslō (“pain; torment; sickness”). Cognate with Old Norse sýsla (“busyness; business; work”).


olfend

olfend (nominative singular)
olfendas (nominative plural)
olfend (accusative singular)
olfendas (accusative plural)
olfendes (genitive singular)
olfenda (genitive plural)
olfende (dative singular)
olfendum (dative plural)
olfenda (alternative)

desc

Middle English: olfent, olfend, olvont, olvende, olvente

From Proto-West Germanic *olbandu. Doublet of elpend.

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Đa ġehȳrde hēo Salomones hlīsan, and cōm fram ðām sūðernum ġemærum tō Salomone binnon Hierusalem mid miċelre fare, and hire olfendas bǣron sūðerne wyrta, and dēorwurðe ġymstānas, and unġerīm goldes.

She heard of Solomon's fame, and came to him in Jerusalem from the southern frontier with many followers. And her camels bore southern plants, and valuable gemstones, and countless gold objects.

Hē rād on olfende þurh þā wēstenne.

Īeðre biþ olfende tō gānne þurh nǣdle ēage þonne sē welega on Godes rīċe gā.

It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the Kingdom of God.


elp

elp (nominative singular)
elpas (nominative plural)
elp (accusative singular)
elpas (accusative plural)
elpes (genitive singular)
elpa (genitive plural)
elpe (dative singular)
elpum (dative plural)
ylp (alternative)

Middle English: elp

c. 1000, Ælfric of Eynsham (tr.), Hexameron of St. Basil

Then, through his wonderful might, God created all the kinds of animals according to their kinds, and the wild animals that dwell in the woods, and all the four-footed creatures of the aforementioned earth, and all the kinds of creeping reptiles, and the savage lions, which do not live here, and the swift tigers, and the marvelous leopards, and the fearful bears, and the huge elephants.

Hwæt ðā God ġeworhte ðurh his wunderlīċan mihte eall nȳtencynn on heora cynrynum, and ðā wildan dēor ðe on wudum eardiað, and eall ðæt fīðerfōte byð of ðǣre foresǣdan eorðan, and eall wyrmcynn ðā ðe crēopende bēoð, and ðā rēðan lēon, ðe hēr on lande ne bēoð, and ðā swiftan tigres, and ðā syllican pardes, and ðā eġeslīċan beran, and ðā ormǣtan ylpas.


hellruna

head

hellrūna m (nominative plural hellrūnan)

hellrūna (canonical masculine)
hellrūnan (nominative plural)
helrūna (alternative)
helhrūna (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *haljōrūnô, equivalent to hell (“underworld; hell”) + rūna (“consulter; counsellor”). Cognate with Old High German hellirūna (“necromancy”).

cog

one skilled in the mysteries of hell; a sorcerer; necromancer


helruna

helrūna (canonical masculine)
helrūnan (nominative plural)


hellrun

hellrūn (canonical feminine)
hellrūna (nominative plural)
hellrūn (nominative singular)
hellrūna (nominative plural)
hellrūne (nominative plural)
hellrūne (accusative singular)
hellrūna (accusative plural)
hellrūne (accusative plural)
hellrūne (genitive singular)
hellrūna (genitive plural)
hellrūne (dative singular)
hellrūnum (dative plural)
helrūn (alternative)

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *haljōrūnō. A possible cognate of Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (*haljōruna) (mentioned in a Latin text in the form of haliurunna (“witch”)); see the Latin entry for details. More at hellrūna.

a sorceress; one who has a spirit of divination


helrynegu

head

helrȳneġu f (nominative plural helrȳneġa)

helrȳneġu (canonical feminine)
helrȳneġa (nominative plural)
helrȳneġu (nominative singular)
helrȳneġa (nominative plural)
helrȳneġe (accusative singular)
helrȳneġa (accusative plural)
helrȳneġe (genitive singular)
helrȳneġa (genitive plural)
helrȳneġe (dative singular)
helrȳneġum (dative plural)
hellrȳniġu (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *halljurūnagī, from Proto-Germanic *haljōrūnagį̄.


crabba

crabba (nominative singular)
crabban (nominative plural)
crabban (accusative singular)
crabban (accusative plural)
crabban (genitive singular)
crabbena (genitive plural)
crabban (dative singular)
crabbum (dative plural)

Middle English: crabbe

Scots: crab, craib

English: crab

From Proto-West Germanic *krabbō, from Proto-Germanic *krabbô.

c. 994, Ælfric, On the Year
Ǣlċe mōnað hēo yrnð under ān þǣra tacna. Ān þǣra tacna ys ġehāten aries, þæt is ramm; oðer taurus, þæt is fearr; ðridda gemini, þæt synd ġetwisan; fēorða cancer, þæt is crabba; fīfta leo; syxta virgo, þæt is mǣden; seofoða libra, þæt is pund orde wǣġe; eahtoðe scorpius, þæt is þrōwend; nigoða is sagittarius, þæt is sċytta; teoða ys capricornus, þæt is buccan horn, oððe bucca; endlyfta is aquarius, þæt is wæter-ġyte, oððe þe þe wæter ġyt; twelfte is pisces, þæt synd fixas.

Each month runs under one of the signs [of the Zodiac]. The first of the signs is called aries, that is "ram"; the second is taurus, that is "bull"; the third is gemini, that is "twins"; the fourth is cancer, that is "crab"; the fifth is lion; the sixth is virgo, that is "virgin"; the seventh is libra, that is "pound" or "scales"; eighth is scorpious, that is "scorpion"; ninth is sagittarius, that is "shooter"; tenth is capricornus, that is "he-goat's horn" or "he-goat"; eleventh is aquarius, that is "pouring water" or "one that pours water"; twelfth is pisces, that is "fishes."


cranoc

cranocas (nominative plural)
cornuc (alternative)
cornoch (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *kranuk, equivalent to cran + -oc.


strod

strōd (canonical neuter)
strōd (nominative plural)
strōd (nominative singular)
strōd (nominative plural)
strōd (accusative singular)
strōd (accusative plural)
strōdes (genitive singular)
strōda (genitive plural)
strōde (dative singular)
strōdum (dative plural)

English: Strood (in Kent) (placename)


gleomann

glēomann (canonical masculine)
glēomann (nominative singular)
glēomenn (nominative plural)
glēomann (accusative singular)
glēomenn (accusative plural)
glēomannes (genitive singular)
glēomanna (genitive plural)
glēomenn (dative singular)
glēomannum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: gleomen, glewmen, gleeman

Scots: gleman

English: gleeman


ealdormann

ealdormann (nominative singular)
ealdormenn (nominative plural)
ealdormann (accusative singular)
ealdormenn (accusative plural)
ealdormannes (genitive singular)
ealdormanna (genitive plural)
ealdormenn (dative singular)
ealdormannum (dative plural)
aldormon (alternative)
ealdorman (alternative)
ealdormon (alternative)

Middle English: alderman, aldermon

English: alderman

→ English: ealdorman, ealderman, eolderman (learned)

Compound of ealdor (“elder, leader”) + mann (“man”). Cognate with Swedish ålderman (“(archaic) elder; spokesman, representative (of a tribe or family)”).

cog

Laws of King Ine
Ġif hē ealdormon sie, ðolie his sċire, būton him kyning arian wille

If he is an alderman, he shall lose his shire, unless the king wishes to pardon him.


wæpnedmann

wǣpnedmann (canonical masculine)
wǣpnedmann (nominative singular)
wǣpnedmenn (nominative plural)
wǣpnedmann (accusative singular)
wǣpnedmenn (accusative plural)
wǣpnedmannes (genitive singular)
wǣpnedmanna (genitive plural)
wǣpnedmenn (dative singular)
wǣpnedmannum (dative plural)

Composed of wǣpned (“male,” derived from the noun wǣpn “weapon; penis”) + mann (“person”). Compare wīfmann and Icelandic karlmaður.


forþgesceaft

forþġesċeaft (canonical feminine neuter)
forþġesċeaft (nominative singular)
forþġesċeafte (nominative plural)
forþġesċeafta (nominative plural)
forþġesċeaft (accusative singular)
forþġesċeafte (accusative singular)
forþġesċeafte (accusative plural)
forþġesċeafta (accusative plural)
forþġesċeafte (genitive singular)
forþġesċeafta (genitive plural)
forþġesċeafte (dative singular)
forþġesċeaftum (dative plural)
forðġesċeaft (alternative)

A Father's Instruction
Seldan snottor guma sorglēas blissað swylce dol seldon drymeð sorgful ymb his forðġesceaft nefne hē fǣhþe wite.

Seldom is a wise man's rejoicing free from care; e'en as seldom is a fool's revelry troubled with care concerning the future, unless he experience adverversity.

the future state of the world, one's own future


wæfersien

wæfersīen (canonical feminine)
wæfersīen (nominative singular)
wæfersīene (nominative plural)
wæfersīena (nominative plural)
wæfersīen (accusative singular)
wæfersīene (accusative singular)
wæfersīene (accusative plural)
wæfersīena (accusative plural)
wæfersīene (genitive singular)
wæfersīena (genitive plural)
wæfersīene (dative singular)
wæfersīenum (dative plural)
wæfersȳn (alternative)

From wæfer- + sīen (“vision, countenance”).


neorxnawang

neorxnawang (nominative singular)
neorxnawangas (nominative plural)
neorxnawang (accusative singular)
neorxnawangas (accusative plural)
neorxnawanges (genitive singular)
neorxnawanga (genitive plural)
neorxnawange (dative singular)
neorxnawangum (dative plural)
neorxenawang (alternative)
neorxnawong (alternative)
neorxnewong (alternative)
neirxnawong (alternative)
nercsnawong (alternative)
nerxnawong (alternative)

From neorxna (an element of unknown provenance) + wang (“field”). Many attempts have been made to explain the etymology of neorxna, but little agreement has been reached; the available evidence probably does not permit a definite answer.
Selected explanations
* An early attempt at etymologising the first element of this word is Edward Lye's 18th-century derivation from an adjective *neorxen, from ne (“no”) + weorc (“work”). However, neither the medial /s/ or the final /a/ can be explained without straining the bounds of formal plausibility. Additionally, one would expect weorc to be negated with un-, not ne; compare e.g. unweorclīċ (“not work-ready”).
* Roberts derives neorxna from *nēoryxena, the genitive plural of hypothetical *nēoryxe (literally “garden of the dead”), from nēo (“corpse”) + ryxe, variant of rysċe (“rush”); connecting this to the "reeds and rushes" of Isaiah 35:7.
* Gostenfell instead considers it to contain a compound of eorcen (“shining”) + stan (“stone”), with initial n- through metanalysis. However, this hypothesis would require a level of phonetic reduction rarely seen in Old English.
* A suggestion once "almost universally approved" connects nēo (“corpse”) and an unattested cognate of Gothic 𐍂𐍉𐌷𐍃𐌽𐍃 (rōhsns, “chamber”), this would form *nēorīehsn (literally “hall of the dead”), which could reduce to neorxen- without undue difficulty, but 𐍂𐍉𐌷𐍃𐌽𐍃 is entirely isolated within Germanic, making the supposition of an Old English cognate very risky.
* For discussion of the innumerable other proposed etymologies, see the references listed below.

Anglia (journal)
Edward Lye
George Allen & Unwin
Leeds Studies in English
London
University of Leeds
neorxnawang


senep

senep (nominative singular)
senepas (nominative plural)
senep (accusative singular)
senepas (accusative plural)
senepes (genitive singular)
senepa (genitive plural)
senepe (dative singular)
senepum (dative plural)
senap (alternative)
senop (alternative)
sinop (alternative)

Middle English: senep

Scots: sanape


hæfer

hæferas (nominative plural)
hæfer (nominative singular)
hæferas (nominative plural)
hæfer (accusative singular)
hæferas (accusative plural)
hæferes (genitive singular)
hæfera (genitive plural)
hæfere (dative singular)
hæferum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *hafraz, from Proto-Indo-European *kapro-. Cognate with Old Norse hafr, Latin caper.


gleng

glenġ (canonical feminine masculine)
glenġ (nominative singular)
glenġe (nominative plural)
glenġa (nominative plural)
glenġ (accusative singular)
glenġe (accusative singular)
glenġe (accusative plural)
glenġa (accusative plural)
glenġe (genitive singular)
glenġa (genitive plural)
glenġe (dative singular)
glenġum (dative plural)
glenġ (nominative singular)
glenġas (nominative plural)
glenġ (accusative singular)
glenġas (accusative plural)
glenġes (genitive singular)
glenġa (genitive plural)
glenġe (dative singular)
glenġum (dative plural)
glenċġ (alternative)
glenċ (alternative)

Middle English: gleng

The Old English rune poem
ᚷ gumena byþ, glenġ and herenys...


þefel

þefel (nominative singular)
þefelas (nominative plural)
þefel (accusative singular)
þefelas (accusative plural)
þefeles (genitive singular)
þefela (genitive plural)
þefele (dative singular)
þefelum (dative plural)


horh

horh (nominative singular)
horwas (nominative plural)
horh (accusative singular)
horwas (accusative plural)
horwes (genitive singular)
horwa (genitive plural)
horwe (dative singular)
horwum (dative plural)
horh (nominative singular)
horh (nominative plural)
horh (accusative singular)
horh (accusative plural)
horwes (genitive singular)
horwa (genitive plural)
horwe (dative singular)
horwum (dative plural)
horg (alternative)
hroh (alternative)
hrog (alternative)

See horu

From Proto-West Germanic *horhu, from Proto-Germanic *hurhwą.


cawel

cāwel (canonical masculine)
cāwel (nominative singular)
cāwlas (nominative plural)
cāwel (accusative singular)
cāwlas (accusative plural)
cāwles (genitive singular)
cāwla (genitive plural)
cāwle (dative singular)
cāwlum (dative plural)
cāwl (alternative)
cāul (alternative)
cāl (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: col, coul, coyl, cal, cale, kal, kale (Northern)
English: cole, kale, kail
Scots: cale, caill, kail
Yola: kaayle ⇒ Coolpeach
→ Irish: cál

→ Old Norse: kál

Icelandic: kál

Faroese: kál

Norwegian: kål

Old Danish: kaal

Danish: kål

Old Swedish: kāl

Swedish: kål

→ Finnish: kaali

Elfdalian: ką̊l

→ Scottish Gaelic: càl

From Proto-West Germanic *kauli, from Latin caulis.


guþfugel

gūþfugel (nominative singular)
gūþfuglas (nominative plural)
gūþfugel (accusative singular)
gūþfuglas (accusative plural)
gūþfugles (genitive singular)
gūþfugla (genitive plural)
gūþfugle (dative singular)
gūþfuglum (dative plural)


uþwita

ūþwita (canonical masculine)
ūþwita (nominative singular)
ūþwitan (nominative plural)
ūþwitan (accusative singular)
ūþwitan (accusative plural)
ūþwitan (genitive singular)
ūþwitena (genitive plural)
ūþwitan (dative singular)
ūþwitum (dative plural)

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Ūðwita is sē þe lufaþ wīsdōm.

A philosopher is someone who loves wisdom.

scholar, expert; a person distinguished for wisdom or learning in general, or in some special field


gangweg

gangweġ (canonical masculine)
gangwegas (nominative plural)
gangweġ (nominative singular)
gangwegas (nominative plural)
gangweġ (accusative singular)
gangwegas (accusative plural)
gangweġes (genitive singular)
gangwega (genitive plural)
gangweġe (dative singular)
gangwegum (dative plural)

Middle English: *gangway

English: gangway


cynerice

cynerīċe (canonical neuter)
cynerīċe (nominative singular)
cynerīċu (nominative plural)
cynerīċe (accusative singular)
cynerīċu (accusative plural)
cynerīċes (genitive singular)
cynerīċa (genitive plural)
cynerīċe (dative singular)
cynerīċum (dative plural)
cinerīċe (alternative)
cynerȳċe (alternative)
kynerīċe (alternative)

Middle English: kineriche, cunnriche, kinereiche, kineric, kinneriche, kinriche, kuneriche, kynereche, kyneriche, kynriche, kynryche, cyne rice, kinerice, kuneriche, kynerice (Early Middle English), kinric, kinrik, kunerike (Northern)
Middle Scots: kinrik
Scots: kinrick

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kunirīkī; equivalent to cyne- (“king”) + -rīċe (“realm”). Cognate with Old High German chuneriche.

inh+

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Binnan fīf and twēntiġ ġēara Philippus ġeēode ealle þā cynerīċu þe on Crēcum wǣron.

Within twenty-five years, Phillip conquered all the kingdoms in Greece.


gebetung

ġebētung (canonical feminine)
ġebētung (nominative singular)
ġebētunga (nominative plural)
ġebētunge (nominative plural)
ġebētunge (accusative singular)
ġebētunga (accusative plural)
ġebētunge (accusative plural)
ġebētunge (genitive singular)
ġebētunga (genitive plural)
ġebētunge (dative singular)
ġebētungum (dative plural)


crocca

crocca (nominative singular)
croccan (nominative plural)
croccan (accusative singular)
croccan (accusative plural)
croccan (genitive singular)
croccena (genitive plural)
croccan (dative singular)
croccum (dative plural)
crohha (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: crokke, crok
English: crock
Scots: crock, croak
Yola: kruck
→ Irish: croca
⇒ Irish: corcán


agenung

āgenung (canonical feminine)
āgenung (nominative singular)
āgenunga (nominative plural)
āgenunge (nominative plural)
āgenunge (accusative singular)
āgenunga (accusative plural)
āgenunge (accusative plural)
āgenunge (genitive singular)
āgenunga (genitive plural)
āgenunge (dative singular)
āgenungum (dative plural)
āgnung (alternative)
āhnung (alternative)


sumerhus

sumerhūs (canonical neuter)
sumerhūs (nominative plural)
sumerhūs (nominative singular)
sumerhūs (nominative plural)
sumerhūs (accusative singular)
sumerhūs (accusative plural)
sumerhūses (genitive singular)
sumerhūsa (genitive plural)
sumerhūse (dative singular)
sumerhūsum (dative plural)
sumorhūs (alternative)

Middle English: somer-hous

English: summerhouse


sumorhus

sumorhūs (canonical neuter)
sumorhūs (nominative plural)


winterhus

head

winterhūs n (nominative plural winterhūs)

winterhūs (canonical neuter)
winterhūs (nominative plural)
winterhūs (nominative singular)
winterhūs (nominative plural)
winterhūs (accusative singular)
winterhūs (accusative plural)
winterhūses (genitive singular)
winterhūsa (genitive plural)
winterhūse (dative singular)
winterhūsum (dative plural)

Middle English: winter-hous

English: winterhouse


scandhus

sċandhūs (canonical neuter)
sċandhūs (nominative plural)
sċandhūs (nominative singular)
sċandhūs (nominative plural)
sċandhūs (accusative singular)
sċandhūs (accusative plural)
sċandhūses (genitive singular)
sċandhūsa (genitive plural)
sċandhūse (dative singular)
sċandhūsum (dative plural)
sċeandhūs (alternative)
sċeondhūs (alternative)
sċondhūs (alternative)

From sċand (“shame; scandal; disgrace”) + hūs.


friþhus

friþhūs (canonical neuter)
friþhūs (nominative plural)
friþhūs (nominative singular)
friþhūs (nominative plural)
friþhūs (accusative singular)
friþhūs (accusative plural)
friþhūses (genitive singular)
friþhūsa (genitive plural)
friþhūse (dative singular)
friþhūsum (dative plural)
friðhūs (alternative)


generstede

head

ġenerstede m (nominative plural ġenerstedas)

ġenerstede (canonical masculine)
ġenerstedas (nominative plural)
ġenerstede (nominative singular)
ġenerstedas (nominative plural)
ġenerstede (accusative singular)
ġenerstedas (accusative plural)
ġenerstedes (genitive singular)
ġenersteda (genitive plural)
ġenerstede (dative singular)
ġenerstedum (dative plural)


genear

ġenear (canonical neuter)
ġenearu (nominative plural)


fnora

fnora (nominative singular)
fnoran (nominative plural)
fnoran (accusative singular)
fnoran (accusative plural)
fnoran (genitive singular)
fnorena (genitive plural)
fnoran (dative singular)
fnorum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: snore, *fnore
English: snore
Scots: snore

From Proto-West Germanic *fnoʀō, from Proto-Germanic *fnuzô, from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe; snort; sneeze”).


eosol

eosol (nominative singular)
eosolas (nominative plural)
eosol (accusative singular)
eosolas (accusative plural)
eosoles (genitive singular)
eosola (genitive plural)
eosole (dative singular)
eosolum (dative plural)


fanu

fana (nominative plural)
fanu (nominative singular)
fana (nominative plural)
fane (nominative plural)
fane (accusative singular)
fana (accusative plural)
fane (accusative plural)
fane (genitive singular)
fana (genitive plural)
fane (dative singular)
fanum (dative plural)
fonu (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *fanu, from Proto-Germanic *fanō, a byform of the more general Proto-Germanic *fanô (“cloth; flag”). More at vane.


grindere

head

grindere m (nominative plural grinderas)

grinderas (nominative plural)
grindere (nominative singular)
grinderas (nominative plural)
grindere (accusative singular)
grinderas (accusative plural)
grinderes (genitive singular)
grindera (genitive plural)
grindere (dative singular)
grinderum (dative plural)

Middle English: grindere, grinder

English: grinder

Scots: grindar, grinder

one who or that which grinds, especially corn or grain; grinder


grindel

grindel (nominative singular)
grindlas (nominative plural)
grindel (accusative singular)
grindlas (accusative plural)
grindles (genitive singular)
grindla (genitive plural)
grindle (dative singular)
grindlum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *grindil, from Proto-Germanic *grindiz (“barrier, gate”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ‑ (“bar, beam”). Cognate with Old Saxon grindil (“bar”), Old High German grintil (“bar, beam, crossbar, barrier”), Old Norse grind (“grid, lattice door”).

cog

(in the plural) latticework; gratings; hurdle


hnæpp

hnæpp (nominative singular)
hnæppas (nominative plural)
hnæpp (accusative singular)
hnæppas (accusative plural)
hnæppes (genitive singular)
hnæppa (genitive plural)
hnæppe (dative singular)
hnæppum (dative plural)
hnæpf (alternative)
hnæp (alternative)

Middle English: nappe, neppe, nap, nep

English: nap

Scots: napp, nap


hnæpf

hnæpfas (nominative plural)
hnæpf (nominative singular)
hnæpfas (nominative plural)
hnæpf (accusative singular)
hnæpfas (accusative plural)
hnæpfes (genitive singular)
hnæpfa (genitive plural)
hnæpfe (dative singular)
hnæpfum (dative plural)


hnæp

hnæppas (nominative plural)
hnæp (nominative singular)
hnæppas (nominative plural)
hnæp (accusative singular)
hnæppas (accusative plural)
hnæppes (genitive singular)
hnæppa (genitive plural)
hnæppe (dative singular)
hnæppum (dative plural)


holegn

holeġn (canonical masculine)
holeġnas (nominative plural)
holeġn (nominative singular)
holeġnas (nominative plural)
holeġn (accusative singular)
holeġnas (accusative plural)
holeġnes (genitive singular)
holeġna (genitive plural)
holeġne (dative singular)
holeġnum (dative plural)


leornungcniht

leornungcniht (nominative singular)
leornungcnihtas (nominative plural)
leornungcniht (accusative singular)
leornungcnihtas (accusative plural)
leornungcnihtes (genitive singular)
leornungcnihta (genitive plural)
leornungcnihte (dative singular)
leornungcnihtum (dative plural)

Middle English: lerning-knight

→ English: learning-knight

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Hī hæfdon him mid fela leorningcnihta, of þām hī hādodon mæssepreostas and diāconas, and fela ċircan ārǣrdon.

They had with them many disciples, from whom they ordained priests and deacons, and founded many churches.

a youth engaged in study: student, apprentice, disciple


cnihthad

cnihthād (canonical masculine)
cnihthād (nominative singular)
cnihthādas (nominative plural)
cnihthād (accusative singular)
cnihthādas (accusative plural)
cnihthādes (genitive singular)
cnihthāda (genitive plural)
cnihthāde (dative singular)
cnihthādum (dative plural)

q

forms suffixed with -hed/-hede from Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">*cnihthǣdu</i>

Middle English: knighthod, knyghthode; kniȝthed, knyghthede (forms suffixed with -hed/-hede from Old English *cnihthǣdu)

English: knighthood

Scots: knychthade; knichthede, knichtheid

From Proto-West Germanic *knehtahaidu, equivalent to cniht + -hād. Cognate with Old High German knehtheit, Middle Low German knechthêd, knechtheid.


cildhad

ċildhād (canonical masculine)
ċildhād (nominative singular)
ċildhādas (nominative plural)
ċildhād (accusative singular)
ċildhādas (accusative plural)
ċildhādes (genitive singular)
ċildhāda (genitive plural)
ċildhāde (dative singular)
ċildhādum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: childhode, childhad, childhede, childhod

English: childhood

Scots: childheid

[ˈt͡ʃiɫdˌhɑːd]


fyrdrinc

fyrdrinc (nominative singular)
fyrdrincas (nominative plural)
fyrdrinc (accusative singular)
fyrdrincas (accusative plural)
fyrdrinces (genitive singular)
fyrdrinca (genitive plural)
fyrdrince (dative singular)
fyrdrincum (dative plural)


ciefes

ċiefes (canonical feminine)
ċiefesa (nominative plural)
ċiefes (nominative singular)
ċiefesa (nominative plural)
ċiefese (nominative plural)
ċiefese (accusative singular)
ċiefesa (accusative plural)
ċiefese (accusative plural)
ċiefese (genitive singular)
ċiefesa (genitive plural)
ċiefese (dative singular)
ċiefesum (dative plural)
ċifes (alternative)
ċifis (alternative)
ċyfes (alternative)
ċyfys (alternative)

Middle English: chevese, chivese

From Proto-West Germanic *kabisi, from Proto-Germanic *kabisjō (“concubine”).


ciefese

ċiefese (canonical feminine)
ċiefesan (nominative plural)
ċiefese (nominative singular)
ċiefesan (nominative plural)
ċiefesan (accusative singular)
ċiefesan (accusative plural)
ċiefesan (genitive singular)
ċiefesena (genitive plural)
ċiefesan (dative singular)
ċiefesum (dative plural)
ċeafese (alternative)
ċefese (alternative)

Middle English: chevese, chivese

From Proto-Germanic *kabisjǭ (“concubine”). Of uncertain origin. Cognate with Old High German kebisa, chebis.


deorling

dēorling (canonical masculine)
dēorling (nominative singular)
dēorlingas (nominative plural)
dēorling (accusative singular)
dēorlingas (accusative plural)
dēorlinges (genitive singular)
dēorlinga (genitive plural)
dēorlinge (dative singular)
dēorlingum (dative plural)


lufestre

lufestre (nominative singular)
lufestran (nominative plural)
lufestran (accusative singular)
lufestran (accusative plural)
lufestran (genitive singular)
lufestrena (genitive plural)
lufestran (dative singular)
lufestrum (dative plural)
lufiestre (alternative)


orleghwil

orleġhwīl (canonical feminine)
orleġhwīl (nominative singular)
orleġhwīla (nominative plural)
orleġhwīle (nominative plural)
orleġhwīle (accusative singular)
orleġhwīla (accusative plural)
orleġhwīle (accusative plural)
orleġhwīle (genitive singular)
orleġhwīla (genitive plural)
orleġhwīle (dative singular)
orleġhwīlum (dative plural)


tramet

trāmet (canonical masculine)
trāmet (nominative singular)
trāmetas (nominative plural)
trāmet (accusative singular)
trāmetas (accusative plural)
trāmetes (genitive singular)
trāmeta (genitive plural)
trāmete (dative singular)
trāmetum (dative plural)


motung

mōtung (canonical feminine)
mōtung (nominative singular)
mōtunga (nominative plural)
mōtunge (nominative plural)
mōtunge (accusative singular)
mōtunga (accusative plural)
mōtunge (accusative plural)
mōtunge (genitive singular)
mōtunga (genitive plural)
mōtunge (dative singular)
mōtungum (dative plural)


antid

(historical) prime, the first hour or tide (3-hour period) after dawn


undæd

undǣd (canonical feminine)
undǣd (nominative singular)
undǣde (nominative plural)
undǣda (nominative plural)
undǣd (accusative singular)
undǣde (accusative singular)
undǣde (accusative plural)
undǣda (accusative plural)
undǣde (genitive singular)
undǣda (genitive plural)
undǣde (dative singular)
undǣdum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *undēdiz. Cognate with Old Saxon undād, Middle Dutch ondaet, Old High German untāt (German Untat).


wyrdstæf

wyrdstæf (nominative singular)
wyrdstafas (nominative plural)
wyrdstæf (accusative singular)
wyrdstafas (accusative plural)
wyrdstæfes (genitive singular)
wyrdstafa (genitive plural)
wyrdstæfe (dative singular)
wyrdstafum (dative plural)


hyre

inflection of hȳr:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of hȳr:
nominative/accusative plural


primsang

prīmsang (canonical masculine)
prīmsang (nominative singular)
prīmsangas (nominative plural)
prīmsang (accusative singular)
prīmsangas (accusative plural)
prīmsanges (genitive singular)
prīmsanga (genitive plural)
prīmsange (dative singular)
prīmsangum (dative plural)

From prīm + sang, equivalent of prime + song.

Primsang on þære forman dæg tid þæt is þe sunnan upgange.

Prime at the first hour of day (that is, the sun's upgoing).

(Christianity) Prime, the religious service of the first hour of daylight


primsangas

nominative/accusative plural of prīmsang


biternes

head

biternes f (nominative plural biternessa)

biternessa (nominative plural)
biternes (nominative singular)
biternessa (nominative plural)
biternesse (nominative plural)
biternesse (accusative singular)
biternessa (accusative plural)
biternesse (accusative plural)
biternesse (genitive singular)
biternessa (genitive plural)
biternesse (dative singular)
biternessum (dative plural)

Middle English: biternesse, bitternesse

English: bitterness

the quality or state of being bitter; bitterness


dæle

inflection of dǣl:
nominative/accusative plural


æfensteorra

ǣfensteorra (canonical masculine)
ǣfensteorra (nominative singular)
ǣfensteorran (nominative plural)
ǣfensteorran (accusative singular)
ǣfensteorran (accusative plural)
ǣfensteorran (genitive singular)
ǣfensteorrena (genitive plural)
ǣfensteorran (dative singular)
ǣfensteorrum (dative plural)

Middle English: euensterre

English: evenstar

From Proto-Germanic *ēbanþsternǭ. Cognate with Old Saxon āƀandsterro, Old High German ābantsterno, Old Norse aptanstjarna. Equivalent to ǣfen (“evening”) + steorra (“star”).

Sēo niht hæfþ seofon dǣlas […] Ōðer is wesperum, þæt is ǣfen, þonne sē ǣfensteorra betweox þǣre repsunge ætīewþ […]

The night has seven parts […] Second is vesperum (i.e., evening), when the evening star appears amid the interval […]

the evening star, i.e. Venus as seen in the early evening


hancred

hancrēd (canonical masculine)
hancrǣd (alternative)

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
An. DCCXCV Hēr wæs sē mōna āþȳstrod betwux hancrēd ⁊ dagunge on V Kƚ Aprilis. ⁊ Eard[wulf] feng tō Norþanhymbra cynedōme on II Iđ Maĩ., and hē wæs syððan ġebletsod ⁊ his cynestōle āhafen on VII Kƚ Iunii on Eoforwīc frām Ēanbalde arċebisċop, ⁊ Æþelberhte ⁊ Hiġebalde ⁊ Badwulfe [bisċeopas].

Year 795 In this year the moon was obscured between the cock's crow and dawn on the fifth of April. And Eardwulf became king of Northumbria on the second of May, and then on the seventh of June his throne was raised and he was blessed in York by Archbishop Eanbald and Bishops Aethelbright, Higebald, and Badwulf.

(historical) the period of the early morning when roosters begin to crow; the wee hours of morning


dægred

dæġrēd (canonical neuter)
dæġrǣd (alternative)

Usually explained as dæġ (“day”) + rēad (“red”).

dawn, the period of the early morning before sunrise when the sun's light begins to brighten the sky


æfenglom

→ English: evenglome (learned)

ǣfen (“evening”) + glōm (“gloom, gloaming”)


witword

witword (nominative plural)
witword (nominative singular)
witword (nominative plural)
witword (accusative singular)
witword (accusative plural)
witwordes (genitive singular)
witworda (genitive plural)
witworde (dative singular)
witwordum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: wytword, witword, witeword, witteworde

From Proto-Germanic *witawurdą, equivalent to wit + word. Cognate with Old Norse vitorð.

a statement which bears witness to something; testament; covenant


hemeþe

hemeþe (nominative singular)
hemeþu (nominative plural)
hemeþe (accusative singular)
hemeþu (accusative plural)
hemeþes (genitive singular)
hemeþa (genitive plural)
hemeþe (dative singular)
hemeþum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *hamiþi (“shirt”).


middaneard

middaneard (nominative singular)
middaneardas (nominative plural)
middaneard (accusative singular)
middaneardas (accusative plural)
middaneardes (genitive singular)
middanearda (genitive plural)
middanearde (dative singular)
middaneardum (dative plural)

Late alteration of middanġeard, confusing the second element ġeard with eard.


æfgælþ

æfgælþ (nominative singular)
æfgælþa (nominative plural)
æfgælþe (nominative plural)
æfgælþe (accusative singular)
æfgælþa (accusative plural)
æfgælþe (accusative plural)
æfgælþe (genitive singular)
æfgælþa (genitive plural)
æfgælþe (dative singular)
æfgælþum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *abgaliþō, equivalent to æf- + gælþ from galan.


pæca

pǣċa (canonical masculine)
pǣċa (nominative singular)
pǣċan (nominative plural)
pǣċan (accusative singular)
pǣċan (accusative plural)
pǣċan (genitive singular)
pǣċena (genitive plural)
pǣċan (dative singular)
pǣċum (dative plural)


wicing

wīcing (canonical masculine)
wīcing (nominative singular)
wīcingas (nominative plural)
wīcing (accusative singular)
wīcingas (accusative plural)
wīcinges (genitive singular)
wīcinga (genitive plural)
wīcinge (dative singular)
wīcingum (dative plural)
wiġcing (alternative)

→ English: Wiking, Wiching (learned)

Possibly borrowed or calqued from Old Norse víkingr (“pirate”), itself from Old Norse vík (“inlet”) + -ingr (“one belonging to”, “one who frequents”). In any case, equivalent to wīċ + -ing. Compare Old Frisian wītsing (“pirate, viking”) and Old Saxon wīking (“pirate”), which are formed identically.
The North Sea Germanic form, existing in Old English since at least the eighth century, could also have been derived from or influenced by wīċ (“camp”), on account of the temporary encampments which were often a prominent feature of the Vikings’ raids.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Philippe ġeþūhte æfter þām þæt hē on lande ne meahte þām folce mid ġiefum ġecwēman þe him on simle wǣron mid winnende, ac hē sċipu ġegaderode and wīċingas wurdon, and sōna æt ānum ċierre ān hund and hundeahtatiġ ċēapsċipa ġefēngon.

After that, Philip concluded that on land, the gifts he awarded the common people who were always fighting on his side would never be enough to satisfy them, so he gathered ships and they became pirates, and very quickly captured 180 trading ships.

unknown author, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, manuscript C, year 886

That same year, King Alfred sent a naval fleet from Cent to East Anglia. As soon as they reached the mouth of the Stour, they met sixteen ships of Vikings, fought them, seized all the ships, and killed the men inside. When they turned back homeward with the spoils, they met a large naval fleet of Vikings and then fought them the same day, and the Danes won the battle.

Þȳ ilcan ġēare sende Ælfrēd cyning sċiphere of Cente on Ēastengle. Sōna swā hīe cōmon on Stūre mūðan, þā ġemētton hīe sixtīene sċipu wīċinga and wiþ þā ġefuhton and þā sċipu eall ġerāhton and þā menn ofslōgon. Þā hīe hāmweard wendon mid þǣre herehūðe, þā mētton hīe miċelne sċiphere wīċinga and þā wiþ þā ġefuhton þȳ ilcan dæġe, and þā Deniscan āhton siġe.


hwistlere

hwistlere (nominative singular)
hwistleras (nominative plural)
hwistlere (accusative singular)
hwistleras (accusative plural)
hwistleres (genitive singular)
hwistlera (genitive plural)
hwistlere (dative singular)
hwistlerum (dative plural)

Middle English: whistlere, whystelare, Wistler, Wyzelere

English: whistler, Whistler, Wissler

Scots: quhisilar, quhissillar

From hwistle (“hollow reed”) + -ere (“-er”, suffix forming masculine agent nouns).


þost

þostas (nominative plural)
þost (nominative singular)
þostas (nominative plural)
þost (accusative singular)
þostas (accusative plural)
þostes (genitive singular)
þosta (genitive plural)
þoste (dative singular)
þostum (dative plural)
ðost (alternative)

Middle English: thost

English: thost


efete

efetan (nominative plural)
efete (nominative singular)
efetan (nominative plural)
efetan (accusative singular)
efetan (accusative plural)
efetan (genitive singular)
efetena (genitive plural)
efetan (dative singular)
efetum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: evete, efte, eefte, euete, ewte, eute
English: eft
Yola: eft


gyltend

gyltend (nominative singular)
gyltend (nominative plural)
gyltende (nominative plural)
gyltendas (nominative plural)
gyltend (accusative singular)
gyltend (accusative plural)
gyltende (accusative plural)
gyltendas (accusative plural)
gyltendes (genitive singular)
gyltendra (genitive plural)
gyltende (dative singular)
gyltendum (dative plural)

Middle English: giltare, gülter, gilter

From gyltan (“to be guilty; commit sin”) + -end (agent suffix).

suffix

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 6:9-13

Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come; thy will be done; on Earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.

Fæder ūre, þū þe eart on heofonum, sī þīn nama ġehālgod. Tōbecume þīn rīċe. Ġewurþe þīn willa on eorþan, swā swā on heofonum. Ūrne ġedæġhwāmlīċan hlāf syle ūs tōdæġ. And forġyf ūs ūre gyltas, swā swā wē forġyfaþ ūrum gyltendum. And ne ġelǣd þū ūs on costnunge, ac alȳs ūs of yfele: sōþlīċe.

one who is guilty of a debt or offense; a debtor; offender


dægsteorra

head

dæġsteorra m (nominative plural dæġsteorran)

dæġsteorra (canonical masculine)
dæġsteorran (nominative plural)
dæġsteorra (nominative singular)
dæġsteorran (nominative plural)
dæġsteorran (accusative singular)
dæġsteorran (accusative plural)
dæġsteorran (genitive singular)
dæġsteorrena (genitive plural)
dæġsteorran (dative singular)
dæġsteorrum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: daysterre, dai-sterre, daysterne, daistern

English: daystar

Scots: daysterne, daystern


fyrgengat

fyrġengāt (canonical feminine)
fyrgengāt (nominative singular)
fyrgengǣt (nominative plural)
fyrgengāt (accusative singular)
fyrgengǣt (accusative plural)
fyrgengǣt (genitive singular)
fyrgengāte (genitive singular)
fyrgengāta (genitive plural)
fyrgengǣt (dative singular)
fyrgengātum (dative plural)


fyrhus

fȳrhūs (canonical neuter)
fȳrhūs (nominative singular)
fȳrhūs (nominative plural)
fȳrhūs (accusative singular)
fȳrhūs (accusative plural)
fȳrhūses (genitive singular)
fȳrhūsa (genitive plural)
fȳrhūse (dative singular)
fȳrhūsum (dative plural)

Middle English: firhous, fyrehows

English: firehouse


cudele

cudelan (nominative plural)
cudele (nominative singular)
cudelan (nominative plural)
cudelan (accusative singular)
cudelan (accusative plural)
cudelan (genitive singular)
cudelena (genitive plural)
cudelan (dative singular)
cudelum (dative plural)

Middle English: codulle, codel, codul, cotul, cutyl, cothell

English: cuttle

⇒ English: cuttlefish

From Proto-West Germanic *kudulā, from Proto-Germanic *kudilǭ, a diminutive from Proto-Germanic *kuddô + -ilǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). Equivalent to codd + -el.


codd

coddas (nominative plural)
codd (nominative singular)
coddas (nominative plural)
codd (accusative singular)
coddas (accusative plural)
coddes (genitive singular)
codda (genitive plural)
codde (dative singular)
coddum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: cod, codde, kode, code
English: cod
Scots: cod

From Proto-West Germanic *kodd, *koddō, from Proto-Germanic *kuddaz, *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“sack; pouch”).


deorf

deorf (nominative singular)
deorfas (nominative plural)
deorf (accusative singular)
deorfas (accusative plural)
deorfes (genitive singular)
deorfa (genitive plural)
deorfe (dative singular)
deorfum (dative plural)
dearf (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *derbaz, from Proto-Germanic *derbaną (“to work, perish”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerHbʰ- (“to work, perish, die”).


landrest

head

landrest f (nominative plural landresta)

landresta (nominative plural)
landrest (nominative singular)
landresta (nominative plural)
landreste (nominative plural)
landreste (accusative singular)
landresta (accusative plural)
landreste (accusative plural)
landreste (genitive singular)
landresta (genitive plural)
landreste (dative singular)
landrestum (dative plural)


reafere

rēafere (canonical masculine)
rēaferas (nominative plural)
rēafere (nominative singular)
rēaferas (nominative plural)
rēafere (accusative singular)
rēaferas (accusative plural)
rēaferes (genitive singular)
rēafera (genitive plural)
rēafere (dative singular)
rēaferum (dative plural)

Middle English: revere

Scots: revar, rever

English: reaver

From Proto-Germanic *raubārijaz, equivalent to rēaf + -ere. Cognate with Old High German roubari, Old Norse raufari.


reaferas

desc

Middle English: reaferes, ræveres, reveres

English: reavers

Scots: revars, revers

From Proto-Germanic *raubārijōs, *raubārijōz, equivalent to rēafere + -as.


reaferum

From Proto-Germanic *raubārijamaz, equivalent to rēafere + -um.


mylenhweol

head

mylenhwēol n (nominative plural mylenhwēol)

mylenhwēol (canonical neuter)
mylenhwēol (nominative plural)
mylenhwēol (nominative singular)
mylenhwēol (nominative plural)
mylenhwēol (accusative singular)
mylenhwēol (accusative plural)
mylenhwēoles (genitive singular)
mylenhwēola (genitive plural)
mylenhwēole (dative singular)
mylenhwēolum (dative plural)
mylenhweogul (alternative)
mylenhweowul (alternative)

Middle English: milnewhel

English: millwheel


dægfeorm

dæġfeorm f (nominative plural dæġfeorma)

dæġfeorm (canonical feminine)
dæġfeorma (nominative plural)
dæġfeorm (nominative singular)
dæġfeorma (nominative plural)
dæġfeorme (nominative plural)
dæġfeorme (accusative singular)
dæġfeorma (accusative plural)
dæġfeorme (accusative plural)
dæġfeorme (genitive singular)
dæġfeorma (genitive plural)
dæġfeorme (dative singular)
dæġfeormum (dative plural)


onlec

onlēċ (canonical masculine)
onlēċas (nominative plural)
onlēċ (nominative singular)
onlēċas (nominative plural)
onlēċ (accusative singular)
onlēċas (accusative plural)
onlēċes (genitive singular)
onlēċa (genitive plural)
onlēċe (dative singular)
onlēċum (dative plural)
anlæc (alternative)

English: onlook


byrgen

byrġen (canonical feminine)
byrġen (nominative singular)
byrġenna (nominative plural)
byrġenne (nominative plural)
byrġenne (accusative singular)
byrġenna (accusative plural)
byrġenne (accusative plural)
byrġenne (genitive singular)
byrġenna (genitive plural)
byrġenne (dative singular)
byrġennum (dative plural)
byrġenn (alternative)
birġen (alternative)
byriġen (alternative)
burġen (alternative)

Middle English: burȝen

English: burian

Scots: burian

From Proto-West Germanic *burgini, from Proto-Germanic *burginī, equivalent to byrġan + -en.

late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
Sē Antonius ġeseah þæs Paules sāwle swā hwīte swā snāw stīgan tō heofonum betweoh engla þrēatas; ond twēġen lēon ādulfon his byrġenne on þæs wēstenes sande; þǣr resteð Paules līchoma mid yfellīċe dūste bewriġen, ac on dōmes dæġe hē arīseð on wuldor.

Antonius saw Paul's soul, as white as snow, ascend to heaven among throngs of angels; and two lions dug his tomb in the sand of the desert. There lies Paul's body, covered by filthy dust, but on Judgement Day he will arise in glory.


byrgenn

byrġenn (canonical feminine)
byrġenna (nominative plural)
byrġenn (nominative singular)
byrġenna (nominative plural)
byrġenne (nominative plural)
byrġenne (accusative singular)
byrġenna (accusative plural)
byrġenne (accusative plural)
byrġenne (genitive singular)
byrġenna (genitive plural)
byrġenne (dative singular)
byrġennum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *burginjō, equivalent to byrġan + -en.


deaþbed

dēaþbed (canonical neuter)
dēaþbed (nominative singular)
dēaþbed (nominative plural)
dēaþbed (accusative singular)
dēaþbed (accusative plural)
dēaþbeddes (genitive singular)
dēaþbedda (genitive plural)
dēaþbedde (dative singular)
dēaþbeddum (dative plural)

/ˈdæ͜ɑːθˌbed/

[ˈdæ͜ɑːðˌbed]


deaþbedd

dēaþbedd (canonical neuter)
dēaþbedd (nominative singular)
dēaþbedd (nominative plural)
dēaþbedd (accusative singular)
dēaþbedd (accusative plural)
dēaþbeddes (genitive singular)
dēaþbedda (genitive plural)
dēaþbedde (dative singular)
dēaþbeddum (dative plural)
dēaþbed (alternative)

Middle English: dethbed

English: deathbed

/ˈdæ͜ɑːθˌbedd/

[ˈdæ͜ɑːðˌbed]

From Proto-West Germanic *dauþabadi, equivalent to dēaþ + bedd.


twirædness

twirǣdness (canonical feminine)
twirǣdness (nominative singular)
twirǣdnessa (nominative plural)
twirǣdnesse (nominative plural)
twirǣdnesse (accusative singular)
twirǣdnessa (accusative plural)
twirǣdnesse (accusative plural)
twirǣdnesse (genitive singular)
twirǣdnessa (genitive plural)
twirǣdnesse (dative singular)
twirǣdnessum (dative plural)
twirǣdness (alternative)
twyrǣdnyss (alternative)
twirēdness (alternative)
twyrēdnyss (alternative)

desc

Middle English: twirædnisse, twirædnysse


lædere

lǣdere (canonical masculine)
lǣdere (nominative singular)
lǣderas (nominative plural)
lǣdere (accusative singular)
lǣderas (accusative plural)
lǣderes (genitive singular)
lǣdera (genitive plural)
lǣdere (dative singular)
lǣderum (dative plural)

Middle English: ledere, leder

English: leader

Scots: ledar, leidar

From Proto-West Germanic *laidijārī, equivalent to lǣdan + -ere. Cognate with Old Frisian lēdere, Old High German leitāri (“leader”).


migoþa

migoþan (nominative plural)
migoþa (nominative singular)
migoþan (nominative plural)
migoþan (accusative singular)
migoþan (accusative plural)
migoþan (genitive singular)
migoþena (genitive plural)
migoþan (dative singular)
migoþum (dative plural)
migþa (alternative)
miċġþa (alternative)

Middle English: miȝeþe


healm

healm (nominative singular)
healm (nominative plural)
healm (accusative singular)
healm (accusative plural)
healmes (genitive singular)
healma (genitive plural)
healme (dative singular)
healmum (dative plural)
halm (alternative)

Middle English: halm, helm

English: halm, haulm, helm

Scots: haulm

From Proto-West Germanic *halm, from Proto-Germanic *halmą, *halmaz.


cyrlic

ċyrlic (canonical)
ċirlic (alternative)
ċerlic (alternative)

Middle English: chirlok, cherlok, carloc, carlow, charlok

English: charlock


ondan

inflection of onda:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of onda:
genitive/dative singular


inlenda

inlenda (nominative singular)
inlendan (nominative plural)
inlendan (accusative singular)
inlendan (accusative plural)
inlendan (genitive singular)
inlendena (genitive plural)
inlendan (dative singular)
inlendum (dative plural)


seofa

seofan (nominative plural)
seofa (nominative singular)
seofan (nominative plural)
seofan (accusative singular)
seofan (accusative plural)
seofan (genitive singular)
seofena (genitive plural)
seofan (dative singular)
seofum (dative plural)


utlenda

ūtlenda (canonical masculine)
ūtlenda (nominative singular)
ūtlendan (nominative plural)
ūtlendan (accusative singular)
ūtlendan (accusative plural)
ūtlendan (genitive singular)
ūtlendena (genitive plural)
ūtlendan (dative singular)
ūtlendum (dative plural)

By surface analysis, ūtland + -a. Alternatively, as ūt- + *lenda.


bedu

beda (nominative plural)
bedu (nominative singular)
beda (nominative plural)
bede (nominative plural)
bede (accusative singular)
beda (accusative plural)
bede (accusative plural)
bede (genitive singular)
beda (genitive plural)
bede (dative singular)
bedum (dative plural)
beodo (alternative)

desctree

conflated with Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">ġebed</i>

Middle English: bede, bed, beed, beode, bode, boede, ȝebed, ibæd, ibed (Early Middle English) (conflated with Old English ġebed)
English: bead (bede)
Scots: bead, bede, beid

From Proto-West Germanic *bedu, from Proto-Germanic *bedō (“request; petition”).


gealla

ġealla (canonical masculine)
ġealla (nominative singular)
ġeallan (nominative plural)
ġeallan (accusative singular)
ġeallan (accusative plural)
ġeallan (genitive singular)
ġeallena (genitive plural)
ġeallan (dative singular)
ġeallum (dative plural)
galla (alternative Mercian)

Middle English: galle, ȝalle, ȝelle

English: gall

Scots: gall, gaw

From Proto-West Germanic *gallā, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (“bile; gall”). Cognate with Old High German galla.


gealla

Middle English: galle

English: gall

Scots: gall, gaw

From Proto-West Germanic *gallō, from Proto-Germanic *gallô (“infirmity, weakness”). Cognate with Old Norse galli.


cweartern

cweartern (nominative singular)
cweartern (nominative plural)
cweartern (accusative singular)
cweartern (accusative plural)
cwearternes (genitive singular)
cwearterna (genitive plural)
cwearterne (dative singular)
cwearternum (dative plural)
*cweartærn (alternative)

Middle English: quartern

From *cweart (“lamentation, groaning”) + ern (“place”).

com

Sē wer wæs on cwearterne for þīefþe.

Sē dēma hine dēmde tō tīen dagum on cwearterne.

The judge sentenced him to ten days in prison.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Clement the Martyr"
Þā cwelleras þā ġeopenodon þæt cweartern and nānne ne ġemētton.

The executioners then opened the prison and found no one.


lufe

lufe (nominative singular)
lufan (nominative plural)
lufan (accusative singular)
lufan (accusative plural)
lufan (genitive singular)
lufena (genitive plural)
lufan (dative singular)
lufum (dative plural)


wræcca

wræċċa (canonical masculine)
wræċċa (nominative singular)
wræċċan (nominative plural)
wræċċan (accusative singular)
wræċċan (accusative plural)
wræċċan (genitive singular)
wræċċena (genitive plural)
wræċċan (dative singular)
wræċċum (dative plural)


mæcg

mæċġ (canonical masculine)
mæċġ (nominative singular)
mæċġas (nominative plural)
mæċġ (accusative singular)
mæċġas (accusative plural)
mæċġes (genitive singular)
mæċġa (genitive plural)
mæċġe (dative singular)
mæċġum (dative plural)
meċġ (alternative)

Middle English: megge

From Proto-West Germanic *maggi, from Proto-Germanic *magjaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *maguz.


nafa

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of nafu


beow

bēow (canonical neuter)
bēow (nominative plural)
bēow (nominative singular)
bēow (nominative plural)
bēow (accusative singular)
bēow (accusative plural)
bēowes (genitive singular)
bēowa (genitive plural)
bēowe (dative singular)
bēowum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *beuw (“crops; barley”).


drægnet

dræġnet (canonical neuter)
dræġnet (nominative plural)
dræġnet (nominative singular)
dræġnet (nominative plural)
dræġnet (accusative singular)
dræġnet (accusative plural)
dræġnettes (genitive singular)
dræġnetta (genitive plural)
dræġnette (dative singular)
dræġnettum (dative plural)
dræġnett (alternative)

Middle English: dreynett, draynet

English: dragnet, drawnet (possibly/partially)


drægnett

dræġnett (canonical neuter)
dræġnett (nominative plural)
dræġnett (nominative singular)
dræġnett (nominative plural)
dræġnett (accusative singular)
dræġnett (accusative plural)
dræġnettes (genitive singular)
dræġnetta (genitive plural)
dræġnette (dative singular)
dræġnettum (dative plural)


ribbe

ribbe (nominative singular)
ribban (accusative singular)
ribban (genitive singular)
ribban (dative singular)

English: rib


hunigsmæc

head

huniġsmæc m (nominative plural huniġsmæccas)

huniġsmæċ m (nominative plural huniġsmæċċas)

huniġsmæc (canonical masculine)
huniġsmæccas (nominative plural)
huniġsmæċ (canonical masculine)
huniġsmæċċas (nominative plural)
huniġsmæc (nominative singular)
huniġsmæccas (nominative plural)
huniġsmæc (accusative singular)
huniġsmæccas (accusative plural)
huniġsmæcces (genitive singular)
huniġsmæcca (genitive plural)
huniġsmæcce (dative singular)
huniġsmæccum (dative plural)
huniġsmæċ (nominative singular)
huniġsmæċċas (nominative plural)
huniġsmæċ (accusative singular)
huniġsmæċċas (accusative plural)
huniġsmæċċes (genitive singular)
huniġsmæċċa (genitive plural)
huniġsmæċċe (dative singular)
huniġsmæċċum (dative plural)
huniġsmæcc (alternative)
huniġsmæċċ (alternative)


hearma

hearma (nominative singular)
hearman (nominative plural)
hearman (accusative singular)
hearman (accusative plural)
hearman (genitive singular)
hearmena (genitive plural)
hearman (dative singular)
hearmum (dative plural)

[ˈhæ͜ɑrˠ.mɑ]

From Proto-West Germanic *harmō, from Proto-Germanic *harmô (“ermine; weasel”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱormen-, *ḱormō (“weasel”). Cognate with Old High German harmo (“ferret”).


wulle

accusative/genitive/dative singular of wull


lufestice

head

lufestiċe f (nominative plural lufestiċas)

lufestiċe (canonical feminine)
lufestiċas (nominative plural)
lufestiċe (nominative singular)
lufestiċas (nominative plural)
lufestiċe (accusative singular)
lufestiċas (accusative plural)
lufestiċes (genitive singular)
lufestiċa (genitive plural)
lufestiċe (dative singular)
lufestiċum (dative plural)
lubestiċa (alternative)

desc

Middle English: lufestice, lubestice, luvestiche, luvestike

From Proto-West Germanic *lubistikō, *lubistik, from Latin levisticum (“lovage”), with folk-etymological alteration after lufu (“love”) and stiċe (“stitch”): literally “love-stitch”.


horshwæl

horshwæl (nominative singular)
horshwalas (nominative plural)
horshwæl (accusative singular)
horshwalas (accusative plural)
horshwæles (genitive singular)
horshwala (genitive plural)
horshwæle (dative singular)
horshwalum (dative plural)

Equivalent to hors (“horse”) + hwæl (“whale”). Cognate with Old Norse hrosshvalr.


hwælweg

hwælweġ (canonical masculine)
hwælweġas (nominative plural)
hwælweġ (nominative singular)
hwælweġas (nominative plural)
hwælweġ (accusative singular)
hwælweġas (accusative plural)
hwælweġes (genitive singular)
hwælweġa (genitive plural)
hwælweġe (dative singular)
hwælweġum (dative plural)


æled

ǣled (canonical masculine)
ǣled (nominative singular)
ǣldas (nominative plural)
ǣled (accusative singular)
ǣldas (accusative plural)
ǣldes (genitive singular)
ǣlda (genitive plural)
ǣlde (dative singular)
ǣldum (dative plural)

Middle English: ēld

→ Breton: oaled

→ Cornish: oles

→ Welsh: aelwyd

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ailid, from Proto-Germanic *ailidaz (“fire”), past participle of *ailijaną. Cognate with Old Saxon ēld (“fire”), Old Norse eldr (“fire”).


æftergengel

head

æftergengel m (nominative plural æftergenglas)

æftergenglas (nominative plural)
æftergengel (nominative singular)
æftergenglas (nominative plural)
æftergengel (accusative singular)
æftergenglas (accusative plural)
æftergengles (genitive singular)
æftergengla (genitive plural)
æftergengle (dative singular)
æftergenglum (dative plural)


foregengel

foregenġel m (nominative plural foregenglas)

foregenġel (canonical masculine)
foregenglas (nominative plural)
foregenġel (nominative singular)
foregenglas (nominative plural)
foregenġel (accusative singular)
foregenglas (accusative plural)
foregengles (genitive singular)
foregengla (genitive plural)
foregengle (dative singular)
foregenglum (dative plural)
forgenġel (alternative)


forgengel

forgenġel m (nominative plural forgenglas)

forgenġel (canonical masculine)
forgenglas (nominative plural)
forgenġel (nominative singular)
forgenglas (nominative plural)
forgenġel (accusative singular)
forgenglas (accusative plural)
forgengles (genitive singular)
forgengla (genitive plural)
forgengle (dative singular)
forgenglum (dative plural)


samnung

samnung (nominative singular)
samnunga (nominative plural)
samnunge (nominative plural)
samnunge (accusative singular)
samnunga (accusative plural)
samnunge (accusative plural)
samnunge (genitive singular)
samnunga (genitive plural)
samnunge (dative singular)
samnungum (dative plural)
somnung (alternative)

desc

Middle English: samnung, samninge, samnyng, sampninge, somnunge, sompnunge

From Proto-West Germanic *samnungu. Equivalent to samnian + -ung.


gesamnung

ġesamnung (canonical feminine)
ġesamnung (nominative singular)
ġesamnunga (nominative plural)
ġesamnunge (nominative plural)
ġesamnunge (accusative singular)
ġesamnunga (accusative plural)
ġesamnunge (accusative plural)
ġesamnunge (genitive singular)
ġesamnunga (genitive plural)
ġesamnunge (dative singular)
ġesamnungum (dative plural)


frox

frox (nominative singular)
froxas (nominative plural)
frox (accusative singular)
froxas (accusative plural)
froxes (genitive singular)
froxa (genitive plural)
froxe (dative singular)
froxum (dative plural)

Middle English: frox, vrox, frosk, fross

English: frosk


scipere

sċipere (canonical masculine)
sċipere (nominative singular)
sċiperas (nominative plural)
sċipere (accusative singular)
sċiperas (accusative plural)
sċiperes (genitive singular)
sċipera (genitive plural)
sċipere (dative singular)
sċiperum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *skipārī (“sailor”). Equivalent to sċip (“ship”) + -ere (“-er”).


frecen

frēcen (canonical neuter)
frēcen (nominative singular)
frēcen (nominative plural)
frēcen (accusative singular)
frēcen (accusative plural)
frēcnes (genitive singular)
frēcna (genitive plural)
frēcne (dative singular)
frēcnum (dative plural)


drenccuppe

drenċcuppe (canonical feminine)
drenċcuppe (nominative singular)
drenċcuppan (nominative plural)
drenċcuppan (accusative singular)
drenċcuppan (accusative plural)
drenċcuppan (genitive singular)
drenċcuppena (genitive plural)
drenċcuppan (dative singular)
drenċcuppum (dative plural)

From drenċ + cuppe and/or drenċe + cuppe.


henep

henep (nominative singular)
henep (accusative singular)
henepes (genitive singular)
henepe (dative singular)
hænep (alternative)

Middle English: hanep, henep, henepe, henpe, hempe, hemp

English: hemp

Scots: hemp, hempt

From Proto-West Germanic *hanapi, from Proto-Germanic *hanapiz. Cognate with Old Saxon hanap, Old High German hanaf, Old Norse hampr.


steopcild

head

stēopċild n (nominative plural stēopċild, stēopċildru, or stēopċildra)

stēopċild (canonical neuter)
stēopċild (nominative plural)
stēopċildru (nominative plural)
stēopċildra (nominative plural)
stēopċild (nominative singular)
stēopċild (nominative plural)
stēopċildru (nominative plural)
stēopċildra (nominative plural)
stēopċild (accusative singular)
stēopċild (accusative plural)
stēopċildru (accusative plural)
stēopċildra (accusative plural)
stēopċildes (genitive singular)
stēopċilda (genitive plural)
stēopċildra (genitive plural)
stēopċilde (dative singular)
stēopċildum (dative plural)
stēopċildrum (dative plural)

Middle English: stepchild, stepchyld

English: stepchild


treowwyrhta

trēowwyrhta (canonical masculine)
trēowwyrhta (nominative singular)
trēowwyrhtan (nominative plural)
trēowwyrhtan (accusative singular)
trēowwyrhtan (accusative plural)
trēowwyrhtan (genitive singular)
trēowwyrhtena (genitive plural)
trēowwyrhtan (dative singular)
trēowwyrhtum (dative plural)
trēowyrhta (alternative)
trȳwwyrhta (alternative)

Middle English: *tre-wrighte

English: treewright

From trēow (“tree”) + wyrhta (“worker”).


fleardere

fleardere m (nominative plural flearderas)

flearderas (nominative plural)
fleardere (nominative singular)
flearderas (nominative plural)
fleardere (accusative singular)
flearderas (accusative plural)
flearderes (genitive singular)
fleardera (genitive plural)
fleardere (dative singular)
flearderum (dative plural)

English: flirter

one who acts wantonly or with (wicked) folly


inburh

inbyriġ (nominative plural)
inburh (nominative singular)
inbyriġ (nominative plural)
inbyrġ (nominative plural)
inburh (accusative singular)
inbyriġ (accusative plural)
inbyrġ (accusative plural)
inburġe (genitive singular)
inburga (genitive plural)
inbyriġ (dative singular)
inbyrġ (dative singular)
inburgum (dative plural)
inburg (alternative)

Middle English: inburh


lybesn

lybesn f (nominative plural lybesna or lybesne)

lybesna (nominative plural)
lybesne (nominative plural)
lybesn (nominative singular)
lybesna (nominative plural)
lybesne (nominative plural)
lybesne (accusative singular)
lybesna (accusative plural)
lybesne (accusative plural)
lybesne (genitive singular)
lybesna (genitive plural)
lybesne (dative singular)
lybesnum (dative plural)
lyfesn (alternative)
lybsen (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *lubisnō, from *lubją + *-snō. Equivalent to lybb (“drug, medicine, poison”) + -sn.


facen

Cognate with Proto-Norse ᚠᚨᛁᚲᛁᚾᚨᛉ (faikinaʀ), whence Old Norse feikinn, feikn.


fisclacu

fisċlacu (canonical feminine)
fisċlaca (nominative plural)
fisċlacu (nominative singular)
fisċlaca (nominative plural)
fisċlace (nominative plural)
fisċlace (accusative singular)
fisċlaca (accusative plural)
fisċlace (accusative plural)
fisċlace (genitive singular)
fisċlaca (genitive plural)
fisċlace (dative singular)
fisċlacum (dative plural)


regndropa

reġndropa (canonical masculine)
reġndropa (nominative singular)
reġndropan (nominative plural)
reġndropan (accusative singular)
reġndropan (accusative plural)
reġndropan (genitive singular)
reġndropena (genitive plural)
reġndropan (dative singular)
reġndropum (dative plural)

Middle English: reyn-drope

English: raindrop

From Proto-West Germanic *regnadropō, from Proto-Germanic *regnadrupô. Cognate with Old High German regantropfo. Equivalent to reġn + dropa.


hæc

hæċ (canonical feminine masculine)
hæċ (nominative singular)
hæċċa (nominative plural)
hæċċe (nominative plural)
hæċċe (accusative singular)
hæċċa (accusative plural)
hæċċe (accusative plural)
hæċċe (genitive singular)
hæċċa (genitive plural)
hæċċe (dative singular)
hæċċum (dative plural)
hæċ (nominative singular)
hæċċas (nominative plural)
hæċ (accusative singular)
hæċċas (accusative plural)
hæċċes (genitive singular)
hæċċa (genitive plural)
hæċċe (dative singular)
hæċċum (dative plural)
hæċċ (alternative)
heċċ (alternative)
haċċ (alternative)
hacc (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: hacche, hach, hachche, hache, hak, hatche, hecche, heck, hek, hekke, hetche
English: hatch, heck
Scots: hatch, heck, haik


gebeor

ġebēor (canonical masculine)
ġebēoras (nominative plural)
ġebēor (nominative singular)
ġebēoras (nominative plural)
ġebēor (accusative singular)
ġebēoras (accusative plural)
ġebēores (genitive singular)
ġebēora (genitive plural)
ġebēore (dative singular)
ġebēorum (dative plural)

a drinking companion, pot-companion, guest


gebyrd

ġebyrd (canonical feminine)
ġebyrd (nominative singular)
ġebyrde (nominative plural)
ġebyrda (nominative plural)
ġebyrd (accusative singular)
ġebyrde (accusative singular)
ġebyrde (accusative plural)
ġebyrda (accusative plural)
ġebyrde (genitive singular)
ġebyrda (genitive plural)
ġebyrde (dative singular)
ġebyrdum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *gaburþiz. Cognate with German Geburt. Equivalent to ġe- + byrd.


gewrit

ġewrit (canonical neuter)
ġewrit (nominative singular)
ġewritu (nominative plural)
ġewrit (accusative singular)
ġewritu (accusative plural)
ġewrites (genitive singular)
ġewrita (genitive plural)
ġewrite (dative singular)
ġewritum (dative plural)

English: writ

a statement, passage, deed, inscription, orthography


landboc

landbōc (canonical feminine)
landbōc (nominative singular)
landbēċ (nominative plural)
landbōc (accusative singular)
landbēċ (accusative plural)
landbēċ (genitive singular)
landbōce (genitive singular)
landbōca (genitive plural)
landbēċ (dative singular)
landbōcum (dative plural)


gebæc

ġebæc (canonical neuter)
ġebæc (nominative singular)
ġebacu (nominative plural)
ġebæc (accusative singular)
ġebacu (accusative plural)
ġebæces (genitive singular)
ġebaca (genitive plural)
ġebæce (dative singular)
ġebacum (dative plural)

gl

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">*bæc</i>

Middle English: *bak (merged with descendant of Old English *bæc)

⇒ Middle English: bakmonger

From Proto-West Germanic *gabak, equivalent to ġe- + *bæc. Compare Dutch gebak, German Low German Gebäck, German Gebäck.


gewyrtbox

head

ġewyrtbox f (nominative plural ġewyrtboxa)

ġewyrtbox (canonical feminine)
ġewyrtboxa (nominative plural)
ġewyrtbox (nominative singular)
ġewyrtboxa (nominative plural)
ġewyrtboxe (nominative plural)
ġewyrtboxe (accusative singular)
ġewyrtboxa (accusative plural)
ġewyrtboxe (accusative plural)
ġewyrtboxe (genitive singular)
ġewyrtboxa (genitive plural)
ġewyrtboxe (dative singular)
ġewyrtboxum (dative plural)


geweald

ġeweald (canonical neuter)
ġeweald (nominative singular)
ġeweald (nominative plural)
ġeweald (accusative singular)
ġeweald (accusative plural)
ġewealdes (genitive singular)
ġewealda (genitive plural)
ġewealde (dative singular)
ġewealdum (dative plural)
ġewald (alternative)
ġewield (alternative)

desc

Middle English: geweald, ȝeweald, iwald, iweld

English: wald

From Proto-West Germanic *gawald; equivalent to ġe- + weald, derived from wealdan (“to control”). Cognate with Old High German giwalt (whence modern German Gewalt).

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
An. DCCCXXXIII Hēr ġefeaht Eċġbriht cing wið XXXV sċiphlæsta æt Carrum ⁊ þǣr wearð myċel wæl ġesleġen, ⁊ þā Denisċan ahton wælstōwe ġeweald. ⁊ Hereferð ⁊ Wiġþeġn, tweġen bisċeopas, forðferdan, ⁊ Duda ⁊ Ōsmōd, tweġen ealdormenn, forðferdon.

Year 833 In this year King Edgebright fought against thirty-five shiploads of men at Charmouth, and many were slain, and the Danes took control of the battlefield. And two bishops, Herefrith and Wigthegn, and two aldermen, Duda and Osmod, died.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"
Se feorða leahtor is ira þæt is on englisc weamodnyss. Seo deð þæt se man nah his modes ġeweald and macað manslihtas and mycele yfelu.

The fourth sin is Ira, that is in English, Anger; it causeth that a man have no power over his mind, and bringeth about manslaughters and many evils.


ceac

ċēac (canonical masculine)
ċēacas (nominative plural)
ċēac (nominative singular)
ċēacas (nominative plural)
ċēac (accusative singular)
ċēacas (accusative plural)
ċēaces (genitive singular)
ċēaca (genitive plural)
ċēace (dative singular)
ċēacum (dative plural)

Middle English: jugge (possibly)

English: jug

Borrowed from Latin caucus (“drinking vessel”).


cneoris

cnēoris (canonical feminine)
cnēorissa (nominative plural)
cnēoris (nominative singular)
cnēorissa (nominative plural)
cnēorisse (nominative plural)
cnēorisse (accusative singular)
cnēorissa (accusative plural)
cnēorisse (accusative plural)
cnēorisse (genitive singular)
cnēorissa (genitive plural)
cnēorisse (dative singular)
cnēorissum (dative plural)
cnēores (alternative)
cnēorys (alternative)
cnēornis (alternative)
cnēoress (alternative)
cnēorisn (alternative)

Likely from cnēo (“generation”) + *risn, a derivative related to Old English rīsan (“to rise”).


cnosl

cnōsl (canonical neuter)
cnōsl (nominative plural)
cnōsl (nominative singular)
cnōsl (nominative plural)
cnōsl (accusative singular)
cnōsl (accusative plural)
cnōsles (genitive singular)
cnōsla (genitive plural)
cnōsle (dative singular)
cnōslum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *knōsl (“gender; race; lineage”). Cognate with Old Saxon knōsal, Old High German knuosal.


healh

healh (nominative singular)
hēalas (nominative plural)
healh (accusative singular)
hēalas (accusative plural)
hēales (genitive singular)
hēala (genitive plural)
hēale (dative singular)
hēalum (dative plural)
halh (alternative)

desctree

from dative <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">hēale</i>, but with short vowel of the nominative levelled in

⇒ Middle English: hale, hal (from dative hēale, but with short vowel of the nominative levelled in)
English: hale (dialectal)

Northern Middle English: *halgh, *halch (attested in placenames)

English: haugh

Scots: hauch, haugh

From Proto-West Germanic *halh, probably from Proto-Germanic *halhaz, either from Proto-Indo-European *klHk(ᵂ)-(n)-, related to Serbo-Croatian kuk (“thigh, hip”), Bulgarian кълка (kǎlka, “hip”), Russian колк (kolk, “bony stump”), Latvian kulksnis (“hock”), Lithuanian kulksnis (“ankle”), Old Prussian culczi (“hip”), or from Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kel- (“to bend”) (and if so related to Old Norse hallr (“slope, incline”), from Proto-Germanic *halluz), both of which are suggested roots cognate with Latin calx (“heel”).

A corner of an area, building or room; a nook.

(figuratively) A hidden or remote place.


hæsel

hæsel (nominative singular)
hæslas (nominative plural)
hæsel (accusative singular)
hæslas (accusative plural)
hæsles (genitive singular)
hæsla (genitive plural)
hæsle (dative singular)
hæslum (dative plural)


geogolere

head

ġēogolere m (nominative plural ġēogoleras)

ġēogolere (canonical masculine)
ġēogoleras (nominative plural)
ġēogolere (nominative singular)
ġēogoleras (nominative plural)
ġēogolere (accusative singular)
ġēogoleras (accusative plural)
ġēogoleres (genitive singular)
ġēogolera (genitive plural)
ġēogolere (dative singular)
ġēogolerum (dative plural)
ġēogulere (alternative)
ġēoglere (alternative)

Middle English: ioglar, jogeler (partly)

English: juggler

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *gug- (“to laugh”). Compare Old High German gougalāri, goukalāri (“magician; juggler; sorcerer”) (Modern German Gaukler), Old Norse kuklari (“juggler; wizard”), Medieval Latin caucleārius.


cnapa

cnapa (nominative singular)
cnapan (nominative plural)
cnapan (accusative singular)
cnapan (accusative plural)
cnapan (genitive singular)
cnapena (genitive plural)
cnapan (dative singular)
cnapum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: knape, knappe (rare), cnapa, cnapæ (Early Middle English), cnape (Ormulum)
English: knape
Scots: knape, knaip


cecel

cēċel (canonical masculine)
cēċel (nominative singular)
cēċlas (nominative plural)
cēċel (accusative singular)
cēċlas (accusative plural)
cēċles (genitive singular)
cēċla (genitive plural)
cēċle (dative singular)
cēċlum (dative plural)
coecel (alternative)
cecil (alternative)

Middle English: kechel, kechell, kechyl

desc

English: ketch (“a pie or turnover”) (dialectal)

→ Irish: císte

From Proto-West Germanic *kōkil, diminutive of *kōkō (“cake”).


gesiþscipe

head

ġesīþsċipe m (nominative plural ġesīþsċipas)

ġesīþsċipe (canonical masculine)
ġesīþsċipas (nominative plural)
ġesīþsċipe (nominative singular)
ġesīþsċipas (nominative plural)
ġesīþsċipe (accusative singular)
ġesīþsċipas (accusative plural)
ġesīþsċipes (genitive singular)
ġesīþsċipa (genitive plural)
ġesīþsċipe (dative singular)
ġesīþsċipum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *gasinþaskapi. Equivalent to ġesīþ + -sċipe.


cwealm

cwealm (nominative singular)
cwealmas (nominative plural)
cwealm (accusative singular)
cwealmas (accusative plural)
cwealmes (genitive singular)
cwealma (genitive plural)
cwealme (dative singular)
cwealmum (dative plural)
cwelm (alternative)

Middle English: cwalm, quelm, qualm

English: qualm

Scots: qualm

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Þæt fīfte wīte wæs cwealm on heora orfe, swā þæt on ðām lande fornēan nān orf ne belāf, buton Israheles bē ānsund ġestōd.

The fifth plague was a pestilence among their livestock, such that in the land almost no livestock were left, except for those of Israel, who remained healthy.


wacnes

wācnes (canonical feminine)
wācnes (nominative singular)
wācnessa (nominative plural)
wācnesse (nominative plural)
wācnesse (accusative singular)
wācnessa (accusative plural)
wācnesse (accusative plural)
wācnesse (genitive singular)
wācnessa (genitive plural)
wācnesse (dative singular)
wācnessum (dative plural)

Middle English: wocnesse


witegestre

wītegestre (canonical feminine)
wītegestre (nominative singular)
wītegestran (nominative plural)
wītegestran (accusative singular)
wītegestran (accusative plural)
wītegestran (genitive singular)
wītegestrena (genitive plural)
wītegestran (dative singular)
wītegestrum (dative plural)


wuduwe

wuduwe (nominative singular)
wuduwan (nominative plural)
wuduwan (accusative singular)
wuduwan (accusative plural)
wuduwan (genitive singular)
wuduwena (genitive plural)
wuduwan (dative singular)
wuduwum (dative plural)


postol

postol (nominative singular)
postolas (nominative plural)
postol (accusative singular)
postolas (accusative plural)
postoles (genitive singular)
postola (genitive plural)
postole (dative singular)
postolum (dative plural)

Clipping of apostol or Late Latin apostolus.


geþrang

ġeþrang (canonical neuter)
ġeþrang (nominative singular)
ġeþrangu (nominative plural)
ġeþrang (accusative singular)
ġeþrangu (accusative plural)
ġeþranges (genitive singular)
ġeþranga (genitive plural)
ġeþrange (dative singular)
ġeþrangum (dative plural)

From ġe- + þrang. Cognate with Old High German gidrengi (German Gedränge).


geswinc

ġeswinc (canonical neuter)
ġeswinc (nominative singular)
ġeswinc (nominative plural)
ġeswinc (accusative singular)
ġeswinc (accusative plural)
ġeswinces (genitive singular)
ġeswinca (genitive plural)
ġeswince (dative singular)
ġeswincum (dative plural)

A deverbal of swincan, or from ġe- + swinc.


gebeorg

ġebeorg (canonical masculine)
ġebeorgas (nominative plural)
ġebeorg (nominative singular)
ġebeorgas (nominative plural)
ġebeorg (accusative singular)
ġebeorgas (accusative plural)
ġebeorges (genitive singular)
ġebeorga (genitive plural)
ġebeorge (dative singular)
ġebeorgum (dative plural)

From ġe- + beorg. Cognate with Old High German gibirgi, whence Middle High German gebirge and later German Gebirge.


gebeorg

ġebeorg (canonical neuter)
ġebeorg (nominative plural)
ġebeorg (nominative singular)
ġebeorg (nominative plural)
ġebeorg (accusative singular)
ġebeorg (accusative plural)
ġebeorges (genitive singular)
ġebeorga (genitive plural)
ġebeorge (dative singular)
ġebeorgum (dative plural)

From ġe- + beorg, from the verb beorgan.


gespræc

ġesprǣċ (canonical neuter)
ġesprǣċ (nominative singular)
ġesprǣċu (nominative plural)
ġesprǣċ (accusative singular)
ġesprǣċu (accusative plural)
ġesprǣċes (genitive singular)
ġesprǣċa (genitive plural)
ġesprǣċe (dative singular)
ġesprǣċum (dative plural)

From ġe- + sprǣċ. Cognate with Old High German gisprāchi.

a conversation, discourse, speech, advice


beddrida

beddrida m (nominative plural beddridan)

beddridan (nominative plural)
beddrida (nominative singular)
beddridan (nominative plural)
beddridan (accusative singular)
beddridan (accusative plural)
beddridan (genitive singular)
beddridena (genitive plural)
beddridan (dative singular)
beddridum (dative plural)
bedreda (alternative)
bedrida (alternative)
bedryda (alternative)
beddredda (alternative)
bæddryda (alternative)


facn

fācn (canonical neuter)
fācn (nominative singular)
fācn (nominative plural)
fācn (accusative singular)
fācn (accusative plural)
fācnes (genitive singular)
fācna (genitive plural)
fācne (dative singular)
fācnum (dative plural)
fācen (alternative)
fācon (alternative)

Middle English: faken, fakenn, foken

From Proto-West Germanic *faikn, from Proto-Germanic *faikną.


bordclaþ

bordclāþ (canonical masculine)
bordclāþ (nominative singular)
bordclāþas (nominative plural)
bordclāþ (accusative singular)
bordclāþas (accusative plural)
bordclāþes (genitive singular)
bordclāþa (genitive plural)
bordclāþe (dative singular)
bordclāþum (dative plural)

Middle English: bordcloth


rynel

rynelas (nominative plural)
rynel (nominative singular)
rynelas (nominative plural)
rynel (accusative singular)
rynelas (accusative plural)
ryneles (genitive singular)
rynela (genitive plural)
rynele (dative singular)
rynelum (dative plural)

Middle English: runel, rinel, rennel

English: runnel

From Proto-Germanic *runilaz, from Proto-Germanic *runiz (“course; track”). Compare Swedish rännil (“runnel; runner”).


bæcbord

bæcbord (nominative singular)
bæcbordas (nominative plural)
bæcbord (accusative singular)
bæcbordas (accusative plural)
bæcbordes (genitive singular)
bæcborda (genitive plural)
bæcborde (dative singular)
bæcbordum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *bakaburdaz. Cognate with Old Saxon *bakbord and Old Norse bakborð. Equivalent to bæc + bord.

(nautical) the larboard or left-hand side of a ship


hrycgban

hryċġbān (canonical neuter)
hryċġbān (nominative plural)
hryċġbān (nominative singular)
hryċġbān (nominative plural)
hryċġbān (accusative singular)
hryċġbān (accusative plural)
hryċġbānes (genitive singular)
hryċġbāna (genitive plural)
hryċġbāne (dative singular)
hryċġbānum (dative plural)
hryġċbān (alternative)

Middle English: riggebon, riggebone

English: ridgebone

Scots: rigbane

[ˈr̥yd͡ʒˌbɑːn]

From Proto-Germanic *hrugjabainą, equivalent to hryċġ + bān.


clut

clūt (canonical masculine)
clūt (nominative singular)
clūtas (nominative plural)
clūt (accusative singular)
clūtas (accusative plural)
clūtes (genitive singular)
clūta (genitive plural)
clūte (dative singular)
clūtum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: clout, clowt, cloute, clowte, clowtt
English: clout
→ Irish: clabhta
Scots: cloot
→ Irish: clúta

Related to *clēat, cleōt, itself from Proto-Germanic *klautaz (“lump, knob, ball”).


geset

ġeset (canonical neuter)
ġeset (nominative singular)
ġesetu (nominative plural)
ġeset (accusative singular)
ġesetu (accusative plural)
ġesetes (genitive singular)
ġeseta (genitive plural)
ġesete (dative singular)
ġesetum (dative plural)


geset

Hwǣr cōm mearg? Hwǣr cōm mago? · Hwǣr cōm māþþumġyfa?
Hwǣr cōm symbla ġesetu? · Hwǣr sindon seledrēamas?
Ēalā beorht bune! · Ēalā byrnwiga!
Ēalā þēodnes þrym! · Hū sēo þrāg ġewāt,
ġenāp under nihthelm, · swā hēo nō wære.

Whither did the horse come? Whither did the man come? Whither did the treasure-giver come?
Whither did the seats of feasts come? Where are the hall-joys?
Alack and alas, bright cup! Alack and alas, mailed warrior!
Alack and alas, the army of the king! How did the time pass,
grow dark under the cover of night, as if it never did.


gefic

ġefic (canonical neuter)
ġeficu (nominative plural)
ġefic (nominative singular)
ġeficu (nominative plural)
ġefic (accusative singular)
ġeficu (accusative plural)
ġefices (genitive singular)
ġefica (genitive plural)
ġefice (dative singular)
ġeficum (dative plural)

From ġe- + a base represented by fician.