lec

lēċ (canonical masculine)
lēċ (nominative singular)
lēċas (nominative plural)
lēċ (accusative singular)
lēċas (accusative plural)
lēċes (genitive singular)
lēċa (genitive plural)
lēċe (dative singular)
lēċum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *lōki, from Proto-Germanic *lōkiz, *lōkijaz (“a look, view”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to look, see”). Cognate with Old English lōcian (“to look, see”), Old Saxon lōcōn (“to see”), Dutch leuk, geleuk (used in reference to dikes, “a look, survey"; in general, "good-looking”). More at look.


eaxlegespann

eaxleġespann (canonical neuter)
eaxleġespann (nominative singular)
eaxleġespann (nominative plural)
eaxleġespann (accusative singular)
eaxleġespann (accusative plural)
eaxleġespannes (genitive singular)
eaxleġespanna (genitive plural)
eaxleġespanne (dative singular)
eaxleġespannum (dative plural)


sigebeam

siġebēam (canonical masculine)
siġebēam (nominative singular)
siġebēamas (nominative plural)
siġebēam (accusative singular)
siġebēamas (accusative plural)
siġebēames (genitive singular)
siġebēama (genitive plural)
siġebēame (dative singular)
siġebēamum (dative plural)

(poetic) tree of victory, Christian cross


sæp

sæp (nominative singular)
sapu (nominative plural)
sæp (accusative singular)
sapu (accusative plural)
sæpes (genitive singular)
sapa (genitive plural)
sæpe (dative singular)
sapum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: sap, saape, saappe, sape, sapp, sappe, zep, sæp, sæpp (Early Middle English)
English: sap
Scots: sap, saup

From Proto-West Germanic *sap. Cognate with Middle Dutch sap (Dutch sap), Old High German saf (German Saft).


pliht

pliht (nominative singular)
plihtas (nominative plural)
pliht (accusative singular)
plihtas (accusative plural)
plihtes (genitive singular)
plihta (genitive plural)
plihte (dative singular)
plihtum (dative plural)

Middle English: pliht, plyght

Scots: plicht

English: plight

From Proto-West Germanic *pligiþu (“danger”). Cognate with Old Frisian plicht (“danger”), Old High German pfligida (“danger”).


prætt

prætt (nominative singular)
prattas (nominative plural)
prætt (accusative singular)
prattas (accusative plural)
prættes (genitive singular)
pratta (genitive plural)
prætte (dative singular)
prattum (dative plural)

Middle English: prat

Scots: prat

English: prat; possibly Pratt

From Proto-Germanic *prattuz (“boastful talk; deceit, cunning, trick”). Cognate with Middle Dutch perte (“trick, stratagem”), Old West Norse prettr (Norwegian prette (“trick”)).


trog

trog (nominative singular)
trogas (nominative plural)
trog (accusative singular)
trogas (accusative plural)
troges (genitive singular)
troga (genitive plural)
troge (dative singular)
trogum (dative plural)
troh (alternative)

Middle English: trogh

English: trough

Scots: troch, trouch

→ Irish: trach

From Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugaz. Related to Dutch trog, German Trog, Icelandic trog.

Þā swīn ǣton of þām troge.


frum

Alternative form of fruma (used in compounds)


nosa

inflection of nosu:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of nosu:
nominative/accusative plural


liget

līġet (canonical neuter)
līġet (nominative singular)
līġet (nominative plural)
līġet (accusative singular)
līġet (accusative plural)
līġetes (genitive singular)
līġeta (genitive plural)
līġete (dative singular)
līġetum (dative plural)
līġet (nominative singular)
līġetas (nominative plural)
līġet (accusative singular)
līġetas (accusative plural)
līġetes (genitive singular)
līġeta (genitive plural)
līġete (dative singular)
līġetum (dative plural)


cyme

cyme (nominative singular)
cymas (nominative plural)
cyme (accusative singular)
cymas (accusative plural)
cymes (genitive singular)
cyma (genitive plural)
cyme (dative singular)
cymum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: come, cume, coom, coome, kime, keome (Early Middle English)
English: come (obsolete)
Scots: come

From Proto-West Germanic *kumi, from Proto-Germanic *kumiz (“arrival”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to go, come”). Akin to Old Frisian keme, Old Saxon kumi, Old High German cumi (“arrival”), Gothic 𐌵𐌿𐌼𐍃 (qums), Old English cuman (“to come”). More at come.

der

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
...ymb fēower ⁊ fēowertiġ wintra Ongolcynnes cȳmes in Breotone

...about forty-four years after the arrival of the Angles in Britain.


grut

grūt (canonical feminine)
grūt (nominative singular)
grūt (accusative singular)
grūt (genitive singular)
grȳt (dative singular)
grūt (dative singular)

Middle English: growte, grout

English: grout

Probably from a Proto-Germanic *grūtą, *grutą, probably related to *greutą (“grit”). Compare Old Norse grautr; from which Icelandic grautur (“porridge”), Swedish gröt.


lissa

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of liss


saca

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of sacu


merece

mereċe (canonical masculine)
mereċe (nominative singular)
mereċas (nominative plural)
mereċe (accusative singular)
mereċas (accusative plural)
mereċes (genitive singular)
mereċa (genitive plural)
mereċe (dative singular)
mereċum (dative plural)
meriċi (alternative)
merċe (alternative)
mearċe (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: merche, marche, merch, merege, merc, merce (Early Middle English)
English: march

→ Old Norse: merki

Old Danish: mærkæ

Danish: mærke

Norwegian: merke

Old Swedish: mærke

Swedish: märke


atan

inflection of āte:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of āte:
nominative/accusative plural


anad

From Proto-West Germanic *ainōdī. Cognate to Old Saxon ēnōdi and German Einöde.


fodan

inflection of fōda:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of fōda:
genitive/dative singular


sumur

sumur (nominative singular)
sumuras (nominative plural)
sumur (accusative singular)
sumuras (accusative plural)
sumures (genitive singular)
sumura (genitive plural)
sumure (dative singular)
sumurum (dative plural)


ᚷᚫᚷᚩᚷᚫ

head

ᚷᚫᚷᚩᚷᚫ (ġæġóġæ) f

Unknown; perhaps onomatopoeic and cognate with Proto-Norse ᚷᚨᚷᚨᚷᚨ (gagaga) of the Kragehul I inscription.

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

5th century, Undley bracteate
ᚷᚫᚷᚩᚷᚫ᛫ᛗᚫᚷᚫ᛫ᛗᛖᛞᚢ
gægogæ mægæ medu
(some possible translations) #*:: this she-wolf is a reward to a kinsman #*:: abracadabra: to a kinsman this reward


hieg

hīeġ (canonical neuter)
hīeġ (nominative singular)
hīeġ (accusative singular)
hīeġes (genitive singular)
hīeġe (dative singular)
hīġ (alternative)
hēġ (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: hey, heyȝ, heygh, hay, ay, heyn, hayn, hei, heiȝ, heigh, hai, hain
English: hay
Scots: hey
Yola: hye


brega

Alternative form of brego (“prince, ruler”)


hrot

hrot (nominative singular)
hrotu (nominative plural)
hrot (accusative singular)
hrotu (accusative plural)
hrotes (genitive singular)
hrota (genitive plural)
hrote (dative singular)
hrotum (dative plural)
rot (alternative)

Middle English: rot (partially)


scora

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of scoru


scora

Middle English: schore

English: shore


pinca

pincan (nominative plural)
pinca (nominative singular)
pincan (nominative plural)
pincan (accusative singular)
pincan (accusative plural)
pincan (genitive singular)
pincena (genitive plural)
pincan (dative singular)
pincum (dative plural)
pynca (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *pinkō, from Proto-Germanic *pinkô, a nasalised variant of Proto-Germanic *pīkô, *pīkaz (“peak, summit, point”). Cognate with dialectal Norwegian pink (“summit, peak”), Dutch pink (“little finger, pinkie”), German Low German Pink (“penis”).
Alternatively, from a suffixed variant of Proto-Germanic *pinnaz (“pin”).


beogang

bēogang (canonical masculine)
bēogang (nominative singular)
bēogangas (nominative plural)
bēogang (accusative singular)
bēogangas (accusative plural)
bēoganges (genitive singular)
bēoganga (genitive plural)
bēogange (dative singular)
bēogangum (dative plural)

/ˈbe͜oːˌɡɑnɡ/

[ˈbe͜oːˌɡɑŋɡ]


gerisene

ġerisene (canonical neuter)
ġerisene (nominative singular)
ġerisene (nominative plural)
ġerisene (accusative singular)
ġerisene (accusative plural)
ġerisenes (genitive singular)
ġerisena (genitive plural)
ġerisene (dative singular)
ġerisenum (dative plural)

what is fitting; the proper or appropriate thing


scipu

scypu (alternative)
sciopu (alternative)
scypo (alternative)
sceopu (alternative)
scioppu (alternative)
sciopo (alternative)


ceald

ċeald (canonical neuter)
ċeald (nominative singular)
ċeald (nominative plural)
ċeald (accusative singular)
ċeald (accusative plural)
ċealdes (genitive singular)
ċealda (genitive plural)
ċealde (dative singular)
ċealdum (dative plural)
cald (alternative Anglian)

Middle English: cold, cald, chald

English: cold

Scots: cald

From Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldą.


ieldra

ieldra (nominative singular)
ieldran (nominative plural)
ieldran (accusative singular)
ieldran (accusative plural)
ieldran (genitive singular)
ieldrena (genitive plural)
ieldran (dative singular)
ieldrum (dative plural)
eldra (alternative Anglian Kentish)
ældra (alternative)
yldra (alternative Late-West-Saxon)

Middle English: eldre

English: elder

Scots: elder

From Proto-Germanic *alþizô, whence also Old High German altiro, Old Norse ellri.


ladteow

lādtēow (canonical masculine)
lādtēow (nominative singular)
lādtēowas (nominative plural)
lādtēow (accusative singular)
lādtēowas (accusative plural)
lādtēowes (genitive singular)
lādtēowa (genitive plural)
lādtēowe (dative singular)
lādtēowum (dative plural)
lādþēow (alternative)
lattēow (alternative)

From earlier lādþēow, equivalent to lād (“leading”) + þēow (“servant”). The original form appears on occasion. Compare Old Norse leiðtogi (“guide”).

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Themestocles hātte Atheniesa lādtēow

The Athenian general was called Themistocles


preon

prēon (canonical masculine)
prēon (nominative singular)
prēonas (nominative plural)
prēon (accusative singular)
prēonas (accusative plural)
prēones (genitive singular)
prēona (genitive plural)
prēone (dative singular)
prēonum (dative plural)

English: preen

From Proto-Germanic *preunaz (“knitting needle, pin”)


tida

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of tīd


dile

desctree

Middle English: dile, dyle, dille, dylle
English: dill

Anethum graveolens
Anethum graveolens#Translingual


hiw

hīw (canonical neuter)
hīw (nominative singular)
hīw (nominative plural)
hīw (accusative singular)
hīw (accusative plural)
hīwes (genitive singular)
hīwa (genitive plural)
hīwe (dative singular)
hīwum (dative plural)


hiw

hīw (canonical feminine)
hīw (nominative singular)
hīwa (nominative plural)
hīwe (nominative plural)
hīwe (accusative singular)
hīwa (accusative plural)
hīwe (accusative plural)
hīwe (genitive singular)
hīwa (genitive plural)
hīwe (dative singular)
hīwum (dative plural)


gerar

ġerār (canonical neuter)
ġerār (nominative singular)
ġerār (nominative plural)
ġerār (accusative singular)
ġerār (accusative plural)
ġerāres (genitive singular)
ġerāra (genitive plural)
ġerāre (dative singular)
ġerārum (dative plural)

Middle English: rore

English: roar

Scots: rare, rair, rore

From ġe- + *rār, from Proto-West Germanic *rair, from Proto-Germanic *rairą, from Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to scream; roar; howl; bark”). More at Old English rārian (“to roar”).

der

Ic nāht ōþres ne ġehȳrde būtan lēona grymetunge and wulfa ġerār

I heard nothing other but the roar of lions and howling of wolves


agende

inflection of āgend:
nominative/accusative plural


bryne

bryne (nominative singular)
brynas (nominative plural)
bryne (accusative singular)
brynas (accusative plural)
brynes (genitive singular)
bryna (genitive plural)
bryne (dative singular)
brynum (dative plural)

⇒ English: brian

⇒ Scots: brin, bryne

From Proto-Germanic *bruniz (“fire, burning”).


milte

milte (nominative singular)
miltan (nominative plural)
miltan (accusative singular)
miltan (accusative plural)
miltan (genitive singular)
miltena (genitive plural)
miltan (dative singular)
miltum (dative plural)
milte (nominative singular)
miltas (nominative plural)
milte (accusative singular)
miltas (accusative plural)
miltes (genitive singular)
milta (genitive plural)
milte (dative singular)
miltum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: milte, milt, multe, mylt, mylte
English: milt
Scots: melt, meilt


oretta

ōretta (canonical masculine)
ōretta (nominative singular)
ōrettan (nominative plural)
ōrettan (accusative singular)
ōrettan (accusative plural)
ōrettan (genitive singular)
ōrettena (genitive plural)
ōrettan (dative singular)
ōrettum (dative plural)
ōreta (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *uʀhaitō; equivalent to ōret + -a and thus cognate with Old High German urheizo. Originally an agent noun to āhātan (“to call forth”) (compare Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (ushaitan, “to provoke, challenge”)). For the variation between -t- and -tt-, compare ǣmette, variant of ǣmete (“ant”).


ridda

ridda (nominative singular)
riddan (nominative plural)
riddan (accusative singular)
riddan (accusative plural)
riddan (genitive singular)
riddena (genitive plural)
riddan (dative singular)
riddum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *riddjō.
Cognate with Old High German ritto and Old Norse -riði. Related to rīdan (“to ride”) and rād (“riding, a ride”).

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Fēower hund and ðūsend cræta hē hæfde, and twelf ðūsend riddena; þrēo ðūsend biġspella hē ġesette, and fīf ðūsend lēoða; and asmēade bē ǣlċum trēowcynne, fram ðām hēagan ċederbēame, oðpæt hē cōm tō ðǣre lȳtlan ysopan. Ēac swylċe bē nȳtenum, and fixum, and fugelum hē smēade, and of eallum lēodum cōmon menn tō ġehȳrenne Salomones wīsdōm.

He had one thousand, four hundred chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen; he composed three thousand proverbs, and five thousand songs; and he contemplated on every kind of tree, from the tall cedar, to the little hyssop. Likewise, he contemplated animals, and fish, and birds, and people came from every tribe in order to hear Solomon's wisdom.


hynden

hynden (nominative singular)
hyndenna (nominative plural)
hyndenne (nominative plural)
hyndenne (accusative singular)
hyndenna (accusative plural)
hyndenne (accusative plural)
hyndenne (genitive singular)
hyndenna (genitive plural)
hyndenne (dative singular)
hyndennum (dative plural)

From hund (“hundred”) + -en (feminine suffix).

af

(law) A group of one hundred men (comprised of ten tithings).


ultor

ultor (nominative singular)
ultras (nominative plural)
ultor (accusative singular)
ultras (accusative plural)
ultres (genitive singular)
ultra (genitive plural)
ultre (dative singular)
ultrum (dative plural)

Perhaps from a British dialect form of Latin vultur (“vulture”).


gamen

gamen (nominative singular)
gamen (nominative plural)
gamen (accusative singular)
gamen (accusative plural)
gamenes (genitive singular)
gamena (genitive plural)
gamene (dative singular)
gamenum (dative plural)
gomen (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: game, gamen, gemen, gomen, gome, gammen, gaume, gamme, gamin, gomin, gomyn, gomun, gam, geme
English: game (see there for further descendants); (dialectal gam)
Scots: gemme, gem, gyem, game
Yola: gaame, gaume, gaaume

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *gamaną
Proto-West Germanic *gaman
Old English gamen
From Proto-West Germanic *gaman, from Proto-Germanic *gamaną.


lare

inflection of lār:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of lār:
nominative/accusative plural


hamme

inflection of hamm:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of hamm:
genitive/dative singular


isen

Alternative form of īsern (“iron, steel”)


hær

hǣr (canonical neuter)
hǣr (nominative singular)
hǣr (nominative plural)
hǣr (accusative singular)
hǣr (accusative plural)
hǣres (genitive singular)
hǣra (genitive plural)
hǣre (dative singular)
hǣrum (dative plural)
hēr (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: her
English: hair
→ Russian: хаер (xajer)
→⇒ Russian: хайратник (xajratnik)
Scots: hair, hayr, hare
Yola: haar

From Proto-West Germanic *hār. Cognate with Old Saxon hār, Dutch haar, Old High German hār (German Haar), Old Norse hár (Swedish hår).


hering

hering (nominative singular)
heringa (nominative plural)
heringe (nominative plural)
heringe (accusative singular)
heringa (accusative plural)
heringe (accusative plural)
heringe (genitive singular)
heringa (genitive plural)
heringe (dative singular)
heringum (dative plural)
herung (alternative)


gæst

gǣst (canonical masculine)
gǣstas (nominative plural)
gǣst (nominative singular)
gǣstas (nominative plural)
gǣst (accusative singular)
gǣstas (accusative plural)
gǣstes (genitive singular)
gǣsta (genitive plural)
gǣste (dative singular)
gǣstum (dative plural)


wol

wōl (canonical masculine)
wōl (nominative singular)
wōlas (nominative plural)
wōl (accusative singular)
wōlas (accusative plural)
wōles (genitive singular)
wōla (genitive plural)
wōle (dative singular)
wōlum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *wōl. Cognate with Old Saxon wōl, Old High German wuol, Old Norse ól (“troll-woman”).


bæst

bæstas (nominative plural)
bæst (nominative singular)
bæstas (nominative plural)
bæst (accusative singular)
bæstas (accusative plural)
bæstes (genitive singular)
bæsta (genitive plural)
bæste (dative singular)
bæstum (dative plural)

Middle English: bast, baste
English: bast, bass
Scots: bass

From Proto-West Germanic *bast (“bast, rope”). Compare Middle Irish basc (“necklace”), Latin fascis (“bundle”), Albanian bashkë (“tied, linked”)).

inh

bast; inner bark of a tree from which rope is made


hule

inflection of hulu:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of hulu:
genitive/dative singular


welig

welig (nominative singular)
weligas (nominative plural)
welig (accusative singular)
weligas (accusative plural)
weliges (genitive singular)
weliga (genitive plural)
welige (dative singular)
weligum (dative plural)
weleg (alternative)
weli (alternative)
wylig (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: wylow, welew, weleygh, welo, welogh, welou, wely, whilwh, wilew, wilghe, wilou, wilowh, wilwe, wylew, wylgh, wylugh, wylw
English: willow
Scots: willy, willie


adesa

adesan (nominative plural)
adesa (nominative singular)
adesan (nominative plural)
adesan (accusative singular)
adesan (accusative plural)
adesan (genitive singular)
adesena (genitive plural)
adesan (dative singular)
adesum (dative plural)
adsa (alternative)
eadesa (alternative)
eadusa (alternative)

Middle English: adese, adse

English: adze, adz


adla

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of ādl


gyden

gydenna (nominative plural)
gyden (nominative singular)
gydenna (nominative plural)
gydenne (nominative plural)
gydenne (accusative singular)
gydenna (accusative plural)
gydenne (accusative plural)
gydenne (genitive singular)
gydenna (genitive plural)
gydenne (dative singular)
gydennum (dative plural)
giden (alternative)
gydene (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *gudinī, equivalent to god + -en. Cognate with Old High German gutin (German Göttin), Old Norse gyðja, Middle Dutch godinne (Dutch godin).


mul

mūl (canonical masculine)
mūl (nominative singular)
mūlas (nominative plural)
mūl (accusative singular)
mūlas (accusative plural)
mūles (genitive singular)
mūla (genitive plural)
mūle (dative singular)
mūlum (dative plural)

Middle English: mule

English: mule
→ Hawaiian: miula
→ Irish: miúil
→ Maori: miūru


ric

rīc (canonical neuter)
rīc (nominative singular)
rīcu (nominative plural)
rīc (accusative singular)
rīcu (accusative plural)
rīces (genitive singular)
rīca (genitive plural)
rīc (dative singular)
rīcum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī, from Proto-Germanic *rīkiją, from Proto-Celtic *rīgyom (“kingdom”), derived from *rīxs (“king”).
Cognate with Old Frisian rīke, Old Saxon rīki, Old Dutch rīki, Old High German rīhhi, Old Norse ríki, Gothic 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹 (reiki). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin rēx.


deag

dēag (canonical feminine)
dēag (nominative singular)
dēaga (nominative plural)
dēage (nominative plural)
dēage (accusative singular)
dēaga (accusative plural)
dēage (accusative plural)
dēage (genitive singular)
dēaga (genitive plural)
dēage (dative singular)
dēagum (dative plural)
dēah (alternative)
dēg (alternative)

Middle English: dehe, deyȝ, deie, dy

English: dye

From Proto-West Germanic *daugu, from *daugan (“to hide”).


pott

pott (nominative singular)
pottas (nominative plural)
pott (accusative singular)
pottas (accusative plural)
pottes (genitive singular)
potta (genitive plural)
potte (dative singular)
pottum (dative plural)

English: pot, pott

From Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”), from Proto-Indo-European *budnós (“a type of vessel”)


hyrne

hyrne (nominative singular)
hyrnan (nominative plural)
hyrnan (accusative singular)
hyrnan (accusative plural)
hyrnan (genitive singular)
hyrnena (genitive plural)
hyrnan (dative singular)
hyrnum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: herne, heorne, heryn, hirn, hirne, huiren, hurne, huyrne, hyrne, hyron
English: hern, hirn
Scots: hirn

From Proto-West Germanic *hurnijā, from Proto-Germanic *hurnijǭ (“horn, corner, angle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).
Cognate with Old Frisian herne (“horn, corner, angle”), Old Norse hyrna. More at horn.

cog

Hring næfþ nāne hyrnan.


marma

marma (nominative singular)
marman (accusative singular)
marman (genitive singular)
marman (dative singular)


fers

fers (nominative singular)
fers (nominative plural)
fers (accusative singular)
fers (accusative plural)
ferses (genitive singular)
fersa (genitive plural)
ferse (dative singular)
fersum (dative plural)
færs (alternative)
fyrs (alternative)
uers (alternative)


bræþ

brǣþ (canonical masculine)
brǣþ (nominative singular)
brǣþas (nominative plural)
brǣþ (accusative singular)
brǣþas (accusative plural)
brǣþes (genitive singular)
brǣþa (genitive plural)
brǣþe (dative singular)
brǣþum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: breeth, breað, braþe, breth, breith
English: breath
Scots: breth, brethe, breith


tweo

twēo (canonical masculine)
twēo (nominative singular)
twēon (nominative plural)
twēon (accusative singular)
twēon (accusative plural)
twēon (genitive singular)
twēona (genitive plural)
twēon (dative singular)
twēom (dative plural)
twēoum (dative plural)
twīo (alternative)

Middle English: tweon, twene

From Proto-West Germanic *twihō (“doubt”).


bocstæf

bōcstæf (canonical masculine)
bōcstæf (nominative singular)
bōcstafas (nominative plural)
bōcstæf (accusative singular)
bōcstafas (accusative plural)
bōcstæfes (genitive singular)
bōcstafa (genitive plural)
bōcstæfe (dative singular)
bōcstafum (dative plural)

Middle English: bocstaff

English: bookstave, bookstaff

From Proto-Germanic *bōkastabaz, corresponding to bōc (“book”) + stæf (“staff”). Compare German Buchstabe.


orlæg

orlæġ (canonical neuter)
orlæġ (nominative singular)
orlagu (nominative plural)
orlæġ (accusative singular)
orlagu (accusative plural)
orlæġes (genitive singular)
orlaga (genitive plural)
orlæġe (dative singular)
orlagum (dative plural)

→ English: orlay (learned)

From Proto-Germanic *uzlagą (“fate”), equivalent to or- (“original, fundamental”) + *læġ (“that which is laid, law”). Compare Old Norse ørlǫg, Icelandic örlög, Dutch oorlog.


orgol

orgol (nominative singular)
orgele (nominative plural)
orgle (nominative plural)
orgol (accusative singular)
orgele (accusative plural)
orgle (accusative plural)
orgele (genitive singular)
orgle (genitive singular)
orgela (genitive plural)
orgla (genitive plural)
orgele (dative singular)
orgle (dative singular)
orgelum (dative plural)
orglum (dative plural)
orgel (alternative)
orgello (alternative)
oregel (alternative)
orgellu (alternative)
orhel (alternative)
horel (alternative)

Middle English: orgel, orgul

From Proto-West Germanic *uʀgōllju (“pride, arrogance”).

inh

Wulfst. 148, 32.
Hwǽr is heora prass and orgol búton on moldan beþeaht and on wítum gecyrred? ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)

O. E. Homl. ii. 43, 17.
Woreldes richeise wecheð orgel on mannes heorte. ― World's riches raise pride in man's heart.

Angl. xi. 98, 28.
Ic ondette . . . unnyttes gylpes bígong, and ídle glengas, uncyste and ídelre oferhygde orgello, ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)


lage

inflection of lagu (“law”):
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of lagu (“law”):
nominative/accusative plural


hoge

inflection of hogu:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of hogu:
genitive/dative singular


cleafa

clēafa (canonical masculine)
clēafa (nominative singular)
clēafan (nominative plural)
clēafan (accusative singular)
clēafan (accusative plural)
clēafan (genitive singular)
clēafena (genitive plural)
clēafan (dative singular)
clēafum (dative plural)
cleofa (alternative)
clēofa (alternative)
cleafa (alternative)
cliofa (alternative)
clīofa (alternative)
clyfa (alternative)
clȳfa (alternative)

Middle English: cleve

English: cleve

/ˈklæ͜ɑː.fɑ/

[ˈklæ͜ɑː.vɑ]

From Proto-Germanic *klebô (“chamber, cell”), related to the Old English verb clēofan (“to separate, split, divide”). More at cleave.

den; chamber, cubicle, cell; compartment


bysen

bȳsen (canonical feminine)
bȳsen (nominative singular)
bȳsna (nominative plural)
bȳsne (nominative plural)
bȳsne (accusative singular)
bȳsna (accusative plural)
bȳsne (accusative plural)
bȳsne (genitive singular)
bȳsna (genitive plural)
bȳsne (dative singular)
bȳsnum (dative plural)


forebisen

forebīsen (canonical feminine)
forebīsen (nominative singular)
forebīsena (nominative plural)
forebīsene (nominative plural)
forebīsene (accusative singular)
forebīsena (accusative plural)
forebīsene (accusative plural)
forebīsene (genitive singular)
forebīsena (genitive plural)
forebīsene (dative singular)
forebīsenum (dative plural)


bridd

bridd (nominative singular)
briddas (nominative plural)
bridd (accusative singular)
briddas (accusative plural)
briddes (genitive singular)
bridda (genitive plural)
bridde (dative singular)
briddum (dative plural)
brid (alternative)
bird (alternative)

Middle English: brid, bryd, bridde

English: bird

Scots: byrd, bird

Unknown; the word appears to be exclusive to Old English and lacks cognates in any other Germanic languages. Liberman notes that dozens of origins have been both suggested and rejected, leaving its original meaning and etymology a mystery. It might possibly be from a non-Indo-European substrate, with a likely onomatopoeic origin.
Formally, the word may lead back to a Proto-West Germanic *bridi ~ *briddj-, possibly to Proto-Germanic *bridjaz, a derivative of *bredą (“board, plank, shelf", possibly also "perch, roost”), and may have therefore been used of young birds or fowl that were fledged and able to perch but not yet able to fly (i.e. "perch-ling", or "roost-ling"; compare modern English rooster, bougher, brancher, etc.), as opposed to fugol ~ fuglas the term for birds that were able to fly. If so, then possibly related to Old English bred (“board, plank, tablet”). Otherwise, the derivation remains unclear.

cog

chick (a young bird or fledgling, as opposed to an altricial chick or hatchling)


lacu

lacu (nominative singular)
laca (nominative plural)
lace (nominative plural)
lace (accusative singular)
laca (accusative plural)
lace (accusative plural)
lace (genitive singular)
laca (genitive plural)
lace (dative singular)
lacum (dative plural)

Middle English: lake

English: lake

Scots: lake, laik

gl

→? Old French: lac (replacing Old French lai from Latin lacus)

Middle French: lac

French: lac

→ Middle English: lac, lak

Scots: lak, lack

From Proto-West Germanic *laku, from Proto-Germanic *lakō, from Proto-Germanic *lakjaną (“to water, wet, irrigate, drain”), causative of Proto-Germanic *lekaną (“to leak, drain”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to leak”).
Cognate with Old Saxon laca (in placenames, “lake, stream, brook”), Old Norse lækr (“slow flowing stream”), Old English leċċan (“to make wet, moisten”), Old Norse leka (“to drip, leak”). Maybe related to Old High German lacha (“pool, water collected in a ditch, swamp”), Middle Dutch lāke (“pond, lake, stream, brook”), Middle Low German lāke (“water pooled in a riverbed”), which could also be borrowed from lacus (“lake, basin, tank”). More at leak.


lenden

lenden (nominative singular)
lendenu (nominative plural)
lenden (accusative singular)
lendenu (accusative plural)
lendenes (genitive singular)
lendena (genitive plural)
lendene (dative singular)
lendenum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: lende, leend, leende, lynde
English: lend
Scots: lend, leynd

From Proto-West Germanic landī, from Proto-Germanic *landį̄ (“loins”).


nebb

nebb (nominative singular)
nebb (nominative plural)
nebb (accusative singular)
nebb (accusative plural)
nebbes (genitive singular)
nebba (genitive plural)
nebbe (dative singular)
nebbum (dative plural)

English: neb, nib, nibble

From Proto-West Germanic *nabi, from Proto-Germanic *nabją. Akin to Old Norse nef, Middle Low German nebbe and Middle Dutch nebbe.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Agnes, Virgin"
He gesette his tacn on minum nebbe þæt ic nænne oðerne ofer hine ne lufige.

He hath set His token upon my face that I should love none other beside Him.


clyster

clyster (nominative singular)
clystru (nominative plural)
clyster (accusative singular)
clystru (accusative plural)
clystres (genitive singular)
clystra (genitive plural)
clystre (dative singular)
clystrum (dative plural)

English: cluster


bispell

bīspell (canonical neuter)
bīspell (nominative singular)
bīspell (nominative plural)
bīspell (accusative singular)
bīspell (accusative plural)
bīspelles (genitive singular)
bīspella (genitive plural)
bīspelle (dative singular)
bīspellum (dative plural)
bispel (alternative)
bīspel (alternative)
bigspel (alternative)
biġspel (alternative)

Middle English: bispel

Scots: byspel, byspale

English: byspel, bispel

From bī- (“by”) + spell (“story, news”). More at bī-, spell. Compare Old Armenian առասպել (aṙaspel).


gespelia

ġespelia (canonical masculine)
ġespelia (nominative singular)
ġespelian (nominative plural)
ġespelian (accusative singular)
ġespelian (accusative plural)
ġespelian (genitive singular)
ġespeliena (genitive plural)
ġespelian (dative singular)
ġespelium (dative plural)


leoda

lēoda (canonical masculine)
lēoda (nominative singular)
lēodan (nominative plural)
lēodan (accusative singular)
lēodan (accusative plural)
lēodan (genitive singular)
lēodena (genitive plural)
lēodan (dative singular)
lēodum (dative plural)

a man, person, individual of a nation or country


copp

coppas (nominative plural)
copp (nominative singular)
coppas (nominative plural)
copp (accusative singular)
coppas (accusative plural)
coppes (genitive singular)
coppa (genitive plural)
coppe (dative singular)
coppum (dative plural)

Middle English: cop

English: cup

Scots: cop

Uncertain. Possibly a borrowing from Late Latin cuppa (see Old English cuppe), or alternatively from Proto-West Germanic *kopp, from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz.


copp

coppas (nominative plural)
copp (nominative singular)
coppas (nominative plural)
copp (accusative singular)
coppas (accusative plural)
coppes (genitive singular)
coppa (genitive plural)
coppe (dative singular)
coppum (dative plural)
cop (alternative)

Middle English: cop, coppe

English: cop

From Proto-Germanic *kuppaz. Cognate with Old High German kopf.


ricen

rīċen (canonical feminine)
rīċen (nominative singular)
rīċenna (nominative plural)
rīċenne (nominative plural)
rīċenne (accusative singular)
rīċenna (accusative plural)
rīċenne (accusative plural)
rīċenne (genitive singular)
rīċenna (genitive plural)
rīċenne (dative singular)
rīċennum (dative plural)
rīċenn (alternative)

a female ruler, a female endued with power


andcwiss

andcwiss (nominative singular)
andcwissa (nominative plural)
andcwisse (nominative plural)
andcwisse (accusative singular)
andcwissa (accusative plural)
andcwisse (accusative plural)
andcwisse (genitive singular)
andcwissa (genitive plural)
andcwisse (dative singular)
andcwissum (dative plural)

and- (“back”) + cwiss (a derivative of cweþan (“to say”)). More at cweþan.

prefix

a derivative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">cweþan</i> (“to say”)


cwide

cwide (nominative singular)
cwidas (nominative plural)
cwide (accusative singular)
cwidas (accusative plural)
cwides (genitive singular)
cwida (genitive plural)
cwide (dative singular)
cwidum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *kwidiz, a derivative of cweþan (“to say”). Cognate with Old High German kwiti.


gecwide

ġecwide (canonical masculine)
ġecwide (nominative singular)
ġecwidas (nominative plural)
ġecwide (accusative singular)
ġecwidas (accusative plural)
ġecwides (genitive singular)
ġecwida (genitive plural)
ġecwide (dative singular)
ġecwidum (dative plural)

a speech, word; saying, term, expression


steore

stēore (canonical feminine)
stēore (nominative singular)
stēoran (nominative plural)
stēoran (accusative singular)
stēoran (accusative plural)
stēoran (genitive singular)
stēorena (genitive plural)
stēoran (dative singular)
stēorum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *steuri- (“to guide, direct”). Akin to Old English stīeran (“to guide, steer”).


steorend

stēorend (canonical masculine)
stēorend (nominative singular)
stēorend (nominative plural)
stēorende (nominative plural)
stēorendas (nominative plural)
stēorend (accusative singular)
stēorend (accusative plural)
stēorende (accusative plural)
stēorendas (accusative plural)
stēorendes (genitive singular)
stēorendra (genitive plural)
stēorende (dative singular)
stēorendum (dative plural)

someone who brings correction, reprover, guide


foreward

head

foreward f (nominative plural forewarde)

forewarde (nominative plural)
foreward (nominative singular)
forewarda (nominative plural)
forewarde (nominative plural)
forewarde (accusative singular)
forewarda (accusative plural)
forewarde (accusative plural)
forewarde (genitive singular)
forewarda (genitive plural)
forewarde (dative singular)
forewardum (dative plural)


freod

frēod (canonical feminine)
frēod (nominative singular)
frēoda (nominative plural)
frēode (nominative plural)
frēode (accusative singular)
frēoda (accusative plural)
frēode (accusative plural)
frēode (genitive singular)
frēoda (genitive plural)
frēode (dative singular)
frēodum (dative plural)
freoðo (alternative)
frioðo (alternative)
freoðu (alternative)
friðo (alternative)
fryðo (alternative)
freðo (alternative)

Akin to friþ (“peace, friendship”), frēogan (“to love”), frēo (“free, joyful”). Analogous to Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 (frijaþwa).


freols

frēols (canonical masculine)
frēols (nominative singular)
frēolsas (nominative plural)
frēols (accusative singular)
frēolsas (accusative plural)
frēolses (genitive singular)
frēolsa (genitive plural)
frēolse (dative singular)
frēolsum (dative plural)

Middle English: freols

From earlier frīheals from frī (“free”) + heals (“neck”). Akin to frēo (“free, joyful”). More at frēo, heals.


neaht

neaht (nominative singular)
nieht (nominative plural)
neaht (accusative singular)
nieht (accusative plural)
nieht (genitive singular)
niehtes (genitive singular)
neahta (genitive plural)
nieht (dative singular)
niehte (dative singular)
neahtum (dative plural)


orlege

orleġe (canonical neuter)
orleġe (nominative singular)
orleġu (nominative plural)
orleġe (accusative singular)
orleġu (accusative plural)
orleġes (genitive singular)
orleġa (genitive plural)
orleġe (dative singular)
orleġum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *uzlugi-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”) + *lugi-, a derivative of *leuganą (“to lie, tell a lie”). Akin to Old Frisian orloch, Old Saxon urlogi, Old High German urluogi, urliugi (“war”), Dutch oorlog (“war”), Old English lēogan (“to lie”).


orleahter

orleahter (nominative singular)
orleahtras (nominative plural)
orleahter (accusative singular)
orleahtras (accusative plural)
orleahtres (genitive singular)
orleahtra (genitive plural)
orleahtre (dative singular)
orleahtrum (dative plural)


ofett

ofett (nominative singular)
ofett (nominative plural)
ofett (accusative singular)
ofett (accusative plural)
ofettes (genitive singular)
ofetta (genitive plural)
ofette (dative singular)
ofettum (dative plural)
ofet (alternative)
ofæt (alternative)
obet (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: ovet, ofet, ofvet (Early Middle English)
English: ovest (dialectal)


æþelu

æþelu (nominative singular)
æþela (nominative plural)
æþele (nominative plural)
æþele (accusative singular)
æþela (accusative plural)
æþele (accusative plural)
æþele (genitive singular)
æþela (genitive plural)
æþele (dative singular)
æþelum (dative plural)
æþelu (nominative singular)
æþelu (nominative plural)
æþelu (accusative singular)
æþelu (accusative plural)
æþelu (genitive singular)
æþela (genitive plural)
æþelu (dative singular)
æþelum (dative plural)
æþelo (alternative)
eþelu (alternative)

Akin to Old High German adal (“nobility”), Old English æþele (“noble”).


cist

ċist (canonical feminine)
ċist (nominative singular)
ċista (nominative plural)
ċiste (nominative plural)
ċiste (accusative singular)
ċista (accusative plural)
ċiste (accusative plural)
ċiste (genitive singular)
ċista (genitive plural)
ċiste (dative singular)
ċistum (dative plural)
ċest (alternative)

Middle English: cheste, chist, chiste, chyst, cyst, kist, kiste, kyst, kyste, cæste (Early Middle English)
English: chest
Scots: kist

→ Middle Irish: ciste

Irish: ciste

→ Welsh: cist


behof

behōf (canonical neuter)
behōf (nominative singular)
behōf (nominative plural)
behōf (accusative singular)
behōf (accusative plural)
behōfes (genitive singular)
behōfa (genitive plural)
behōfe (dative singular)
behōfum (dative plural)

English: behoof


cnif

cnīf (canonical masculine)
cnīf (nominative singular)
cnīfas (nominative plural)
cnīf (accusative singular)
cnīfas (accusative plural)
cnīfes (genitive singular)
cnīfa (genitive plural)
cnīfe (dative singular)
cnīfum (dative plural)

Middle English: knyf, knif

Scots: knyfe, knife

English: knife

Sranan Tongo: nefi

Yola: kunnife

→ French: canif

This word is the expected reflex of Proto-Germanic *knībaz (“knife”), but it is not attested until the 11th century and earlier Old English instead used seax and meteseax (cognate with German Messer), so some suspect that cnīf was borrowed from or reinforced by Old Norse knífr. Cognate with Middle Low German knīf, Middle Dutch cnijf (Dutch knijf), German Kneif.


grima

grīma (canonical masculine)
grīma (nominative singular)
grīman (nominative plural)
grīman (accusative singular)
grīman (accusative plural)
grīman (genitive singular)
grīmena (genitive plural)
grīman (dative singular)
grīmum (dative plural)

Middle English: grim, grime

English: grime

From Proto-West Germanic *grīmō, from Proto-Germanic *grīmô (“mask”). Cognate with Old Frisian grīma, Old Saxon grīmo, Old High German grīmo, Old Norse gríma, Gothic *𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 (*greima).


frocga

frocga (nominative singular)
frocgan (nominative plural)
frocgan (accusative singular)
frocgan (accusative plural)
frocgan (genitive singular)
frocgena (genitive plural)
frocgan (dative singular)
frocgum (dative plural)
frogga (alternative)
froga (alternative)

Middle English: frogge, vrogge, frugge
English: frog, frock (dialectal), frosk (dialectal), frosh (dialectal) (see there for further descendants)
Scots: frog, froig
→ Welsh: broga

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Moyses, ðurh Godes mihte, āwende eal heora wæter tō rēadum blōde, and hē āfylde eal heora land mid froggon, and siððan mid gnættum, eft mid hundes lūsum, ðā flugon into heora mūðe and heora næsðyrlum; and sē Ælmihtiġa ðone mōdiġan cyning mid þām eaðelicum ġesċeaftum swā gėswencte...

Moses, through the power of God, turned all their water into red blood, and filled all of their land with frogs, and then with gnats, and afterwards with dogflies, which flew into their mouths and their nostrils; the Almighty punished their proud king in that way with every kind of creature...


steall

steall (nominative singular)
steallas (nominative plural)
steall (accusative singular)
steallas (accusative plural)
stealles (genitive singular)
stealla (genitive plural)
stealle (dative singular)
steallum (dative plural)
steall (nominative singular)
steall (nominative plural)
steall (accusative singular)
steall (accusative plural)
stealles (genitive singular)
stealla (genitive plural)
stealle (dative singular)
steallum (dative plural)
stall (alternative)
stæll (alternative)

Middle English: stal

English: stall

Scots: stal, staw

From Proto-Germanic *stallaz, *staþl-, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”) and Proto-Indo-European *stel-. Akin to Old Frisian stal, Old High German stall (German Stall (“stable”), Stelle (“place”)), Old Norse stallr.

inh

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Đyssum tidum Ongolcyningas þā æðelestan Ōswēo Norðanhymbra cyning ⁊ Eċġberht Contwarena cyning hæfdon betweoh him sprǣċe ⁊ ġeþēahte, hwæt tō donne wǣre bī þǣm stealle Ongolcynnes ċiriċan .

At this time the most noble English kings, Oswiu of Northumbria and Ecgberht of Kent, held a discussion and conference between them about what was to be done about the state of the English church.

a position, especially one that is standing; position of affairs, state, condition, standing


teag

tēag (canonical feminine)
tēag (nominative singular)
tēaga (nominative plural)
tēage (nominative plural)
tēage (accusative singular)
tēaga (accusative plural)
tēage (accusative plural)
tēage (genitive singular)
tēaga (genitive plural)
tēage (dative singular)
tēagum (dative plural)
tǣg (alternative)
tīh (alternative)
tīg (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: teye, teȝe, tei, teiȝe, tey, tieghe, tye, tyȝe
English: tie, tye
→ Swazi: thayi
Scots: tie, tee

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *taugu, from Proto-Germanic *taugō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull”). Akin to Old Norse taug (“rope”), and also Old English tēon (“to pull, train”).


teag

desctree

Middle English: teye, tie, tigh, ty, tye
English: tye

Unknown; possibly identical to Etymology 1.


scua

sċūa (canonical masculine)
sċūa (nominative singular)
sċūan (nominative plural)
sċūan (accusative singular)
sċūan (accusative plural)
sċūan (genitive singular)
sċūena (genitive plural)
sċūan (dative singular)
sċūum (dative plural)
sċūwa (alternative)
sċua (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *skūwō (“shadow”).


ampella

ampella (nominative singular)
ampellan (nominative plural)
ampellan (accusative singular)
ampellan (accusative plural)
ampellan (genitive singular)
ampellena (genitive plural)
ampellan (dative singular)
ampellum (dative plural)
ampolla (alternative)
ampulla (alternative)

Middle English: ampulle, ampolle

From Proto-West Germanic *ampullā, borrowed from Latin ampulla.


ræden

rǣden (canonical feminine)
rǣden (nominative singular)
rǣdenna (nominative plural)
rǣdenne (nominative plural)
rǣdenne (accusative singular)
rǣdenna (accusative plural)
rǣdenne (accusative plural)
rǣdenne (genitive singular)
rǣdenna (genitive plural)
rǣdenne (dative singular)
rǣdennum (dative plural)
rēden (alternative)
rǣdin (alternative)
rēdin (alternative)
rædin (alternative)

English: rede

From Proto-Germanic *raidijaną (“to arrange”).

inh

an estimate, account, or reckoning; calculation; figure


leag

lēag (canonical feminine)
lēag (nominative singular)
lēaga (nominative plural)
lēage (nominative plural)
lēage (accusative singular)
lēaga (accusative plural)
lēage (accusative plural)
lēage (genitive singular)
lēaga (genitive plural)
lēage (dative singular)
lēagum (dative plural)
lēah (alternative)
lǣg (alternative)
lēg (alternative)

desc

Middle English: leȝe, leyȝe, leygh, lee, liȝe, ley, lye

English: lye

Scots: lee, ley, lie

From Proto-West Germanic *laugu, from Proto-Germanic *laugō.

lye (a mixture of ashes and water), detergent


cycene

cyċene (canonical feminine)
cyċene (nominative singular)
cyċenan (nominative plural)
cyċenan (accusative singular)
cyċenan (accusative plural)
cyċenan (genitive singular)
cyċenena (genitive plural)
cyċenan (dative singular)
cyċenum (dative plural)
cyċen (alternative)
ciċene (alternative)
ciċen (alternative)
ciaċene (alternative)
kyċene (alternative)
kiċene (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: kychyn
English: kitchen (see there for further descendants)
Scots: kitchen, kitchin, ketchin, keetchen
→ Middle Irish: cisten
Irish: cistin
Manx: kishteen, kishtyn
Scottish Gaelic: cidsin

From Proto-West Germanic *kukinā, borrowed from Late Latin cocīna, from earlier coquīna.


coc

coc (nominative singular)
coccas (nominative plural)
coc (accusative singular)
coccas (accusative plural)
cocces (genitive singular)
cocca (genitive plural)
cocce (dative singular)
coccum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *kokk (“cock, rooster”), probably of imitative origin. Cognate with Old Norse kokkr (“cock”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


coc

cōc (canonical masculine)
cōc (nominative singular)
cōcas (nominative plural)
cōc (accusative singular)
cōcas (accusative plural)
cōces (genitive singular)
cōca (genitive plural)
cōce (dative singular)
cōcum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: cook, cok, coke, koke, cuyke, cuke, cooke
English: cook
Sranan Tongo: kukru (via cook room)
Aukan: kukuu
Tok Pisin: kuk
→ Norman: couque
→ Portuguese: cuca
→ Thai: กุ๊ก (gúk)
→ Tokelauan: kuka
Scots: cuke, cuik

From Vulgar Latin *cocus, from Latin coquus (“cook”), from coquō (“to cook”).
Akin to Old Norse kokkr (“cook”), German Koch, Dutch kok (“cook”), and possibly also Old English āfiġen (“fried”).


helpe

inflection of help:
nominative/accusative plural

inflection of help:
accusative/genitive/dative singular


nexta

Alternative form of nīehsta (“neighbor”)


mindom

mindōm (canonical masculine)
mindōm (nominative singular)
mindōmas (nominative plural)
mindōm (accusative singular)
mindōmas (accusative plural)
mindōmes (genitive singular)
mindōma (genitive plural)
mindōme (dative singular)
mindōmum (dative plural)


mircels

mirċels (canonical feminine masculine)
mircels (nominative singular)
mircelsas (nominative plural)
mircels (accusative singular)
mircelsas (accusative plural)
mircelses (genitive singular)
mircelsa (genitive plural)
mircelse (dative singular)
mircelsum (dative plural)
mircels (nominative singular)
mircelsa (nominative plural)
mircelse (nominative plural)
mircelse (accusative singular)
mircelsa (accusative plural)
mircelse (accusative plural)
mircelse (genitive singular)
mircelsa (genitive plural)
mircelse (dative singular)
mircelsum (dative plural)
myrċels (alternative)


frowe

frōwe (canonical feminine)
frōwe (nominative singular)
frōwan (nominative plural)
frōwan (accusative singular)
frōwan (accusative plural)
frōwan (genitive singular)
frōwena (genitive plural)
frōwan (dative singular)
frōwum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *frōwā, from Proto-Germanic *frōwǭ, frauwǭ, *frawwǭ. Cognate with Old Frisian frowe, frouwe, Old Saxon frūa, Old High German frouwa (“lady”), Old Norse freyja (“lady”), German Frau (“lady”).


friclu

friclu (nominative singular)
fricla (nominative plural)
fricle (nominative plural)
fricle (accusative singular)
fricla (accusative plural)
fricle (accusative plural)
fricle (genitive singular)
fricla (genitive plural)
fricle (dative singular)
friclum (dative plural)
fricolo (alternative)


fricu

fricu (nominative singular)
frica (nominative plural)
frice (nominative plural)
frice (accusative singular)
frica (accusative plural)
frice (accusative plural)
frice (genitive singular)
frica (genitive plural)
frice (dative singular)
fricum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *frikīnō (“avarice, greed, insolence, boldness”).

inh

(mercantile language) use of money, especially money lent; interest, usury


anlec

anlēċ (canonical masculine)
anlēċ (nominative singular)
anlēcas (nominative plural)
anlēċ (accusative singular)
anlēcas (accusative plural)
anlēċes (genitive singular)
anlēca (genitive plural)
anlēċe (dative singular)
anlēcum (dative plural)
anlǣc (alternative)
onlēc (alternative)

/ˈɑnˌleːt͡ʃ/

From an- + lēċ (“a look”). Akin to Old English lōcian (“to look”).


blædnes

blǣdnes (canonical feminine)
blǣdnes (nominative singular)
blǣdnessa (nominative plural)
blǣdnesse (nominative plural)
blǣdnesse (accusative singular)
blǣdnessa (accusative plural)
blǣdnesse (accusative plural)
blǣdnesse (genitive singular)
blǣdnessa (genitive plural)
blǣdnesse (dative singular)
blǣdnessum (dative plural)
blēdnes (alternative)

From blǣd, blēd + -nes. Akin to Old English blēd (“fruit, flower”).


ligetu

līġetu (canonical feminine)
līġetu (nominative singular)
līġeta (nominative plural)
līġete (nominative plural)
līġete (accusative singular)
līġeta (accusative plural)
līġete (accusative plural)
līġete (genitive singular)
līġeta (genitive plural)
līġete (dative singular)
līġetum (dative plural)


elþeod

elþēod (canonical feminine)
elþēod (nominative singular)
elþēoda (nominative plural)
elþēode (nominative plural)
elþēode (accusative singular)
elþēoda (accusative plural)
elþēode (accusative plural)
elþēode (genitive singular)
elþēoda (genitive plural)
elþēode (dative singular)
elþēodum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *aliþeudu, equivalent to el- (“foreign”) + þēod (“nation”). Cognate with Old Saxon elithioda, Old High German elidiota, Welsh alltud.

foreign country or nation; foreigners collectively


hobanca

hōbanca (canonical masculine)
hōbanca (nominative singular)
hōbancan (nominative plural)
hōbancan (accusative singular)
hōbancan (accusative plural)
hōbancan (genitive singular)
hōbancena (genitive plural)
hōbancan (dative singular)
hōbancum (dative plural)

From hōh (“hough, heel, headland”) + banca, from Proto-Germanic *bankô.


mamor

māmor (canonical masculine)
māmor (nominative singular)
māmras (nominative plural)
māmor (accusative singular)
māmras (accusative plural)
māmres (genitive singular)
māmra (genitive plural)
māmre (dative singular)
māmrum (dative plural)


mamera

mamera (nominative singular)
mameran (nominative plural)
mameran (accusative singular)
mameran (accusative plural)
mameran (genitive singular)
mamerena (genitive plural)
mameran (dative singular)
mamerum (dative plural)
mamra (alternative)


andweorc

andweorc (nominative singular)
andweorc (nominative plural)
andweorc (accusative singular)
andweorc (accusative plural)
andweorces (genitive singular)
andweorca (genitive plural)
andweorce (dative singular)
andweorcum (dative plural)
andworc (alternative)
ondweorc (alternative)
anweorc (alternative)


andwist

andwist (nominative singular)
andwiste (nominative plural)
andwista (nominative plural)
andwist (accusative singular)
andwiste (accusative singular)
andwiste (accusative plural)
andwista (accusative plural)
andwiste (genitive singular)
andwista (genitive plural)
andwiste (dative singular)
andwistum (dative plural)


midwist

midwist (nominative singular)
midwiste (nominative plural)
midwista (nominative plural)
midwist (accusative singular)
midwiste (accusative singular)
midwiste (accusative plural)
midwista (accusative plural)
midwiste (genitive singular)
midwista (genitive plural)
midwiste (dative singular)
midwistum (dative plural)


þyld

þyld (nominative singular)
þyld (nominative plural)
þyld (accusative singular)
þyld (accusative plural)
þyldes (genitive singular)
þylda (genitive plural)
þylde (dative singular)
þyldum (dative plural)
þyld (nominative singular)
þylda (nominative plural)
þylde (nominative plural)
þylde (accusative singular)
þylda (accusative plural)
þylde (accusative plural)
þylde (genitive singular)
þylda (genitive plural)
þylde (dative singular)
þyldum (dative plural)
geþyld (alternative)
ġeþyld (alternative)

Middle English: þild

English: thild

From Proto-Germanic *þuldiz, *þulþiz (“endurance, patience”). Akin to Old English þolian (“to endure”).


galdor

galdor (nominative singular)
galdru (nominative plural)
galdor (accusative singular)
galdru (accusative plural)
galdres (genitive singular)
galdra (genitive plural)
galdre (dative singular)
galdrum (dative plural)


ansien

ansīen (canonical feminine)
ansīen (nominative singular)
ansīene (nominative plural)
ansīena (nominative plural)
ansīen (accusative singular)
ansīene (accusative singular)
ansīene (accusative plural)
ansīena (accusative plural)
ansīene (genitive singular)
ansīena (genitive plural)
ansīene (dative singular)
ansīenum (dative plural)
ansīn (alternative)
ansȳn (alternative)
ansēn (alternative)
onsīen (alternative)
onsīon (alternative)
onsīn (alternative)
onsȳn (alternative)
onsēn (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *anasiuniz, equivalent to an- + sīen. Cognate with Old Saxon ansiuni (“countenance, face”), Old High German anasiuni (“face”).


feorm

feorm (nominative singular)
feorma (nominative plural)
feorme (nominative plural)
feorme (accusative singular)
feorma (accusative plural)
feorme (accusative plural)
feorme (genitive singular)
feorma (genitive plural)
feorme (dative singular)
feormum (dative plural)
farm (alternative)
færm (alternative)
fearm (alternative)
fyrm (alternative)
fiorm (alternative)
form (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: ferme, farme, ferm, fyrme (Late Middle English), feorme, veorme (Early Middle English) (in part)
English: farm, (historical) feorm
Hawaiian Creole: farm
→ Danish: farm
→ Dutch: farm
→ Finnish: farmi
→ German: Farm
→ Portuguese: farme, farma
→ Yiddish: פֿאַרם (farm)
→ Spanish: farmear
→ Swedish: farm
→ Thai: ฟาร์ม (faam)
Scots: ferm
→ Welsh: fferm

→ Medieval Latin: firma (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *fermu, from Proto-Germanic *fermō (“means of living, subsistence”), from Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”). See English farm.

der

food, sustenance, provision; meal, feast, banquet

rent, especially rent or tax paid in food or other provisions


hearra

hearra (nominative singular)
hearran (nominative plural)
hearran (accusative singular)
hearran (accusative plural)
hearran (genitive singular)
hearrena (genitive plural)
hearran (dative singular)
hearrum (dative plural)
heorra (alternative)
herra (alternative)
hierra (alternative)

desc

Middle English: herre, harre, hærre, harre

English: her, here

Scots: her, here, heir

[ˈhæ͜ɑrˠ.rˠɑ]

From Old Saxon hērro, from Old High German hēriro, hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”). The Old High German word originally meant "grey, grey-haired", and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr. Cognate with Old Frisian hēra, Old Dutch hērro, hēro.


yst

ȳst (canonical feminine)
ȳst (nominative singular)
ȳste (nominative plural)
ȳsta (nominative plural)
ȳst (accusative singular)
ȳste (accusative singular)
ȳste (accusative plural)
ȳsta (accusative plural)
ȳste (genitive singular)
ȳsta (genitive plural)
ȳste (dative singular)
ȳstum (dative plural)

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
On þǣm dagum wæs Alexander ġeboren on Crēcum swa swa ān miċel ȳst cōme ofer ealne middenġeard.

In those days Alexander [the Great] was born in Greece, like a great storm coming over all the Earth.

storm surge, stormtide, rough seas, rough water


fulwiht

fulwiht (nominative singular)
fulwihtu (nominative plural)
fulwiht (accusative singular)
fulwihtu (accusative plural)
fulwihtes (genitive singular)
fulwihta (genitive plural)
fulwihte (dative singular)
fulwihtum (dative plural)
fulwiht (nominative singular)
fulwihta (nominative plural)
fulwihte (nominative plural)
fulwihte (accusative singular)
fulwihta (accusative plural)
fulwihte (accusative plural)
fulwihte (genitive singular)
fulwihta (genitive plural)
fulwihte (dative singular)
fulwihtum (dative plural)
fulht (alternative)
fullwiht (alternative)
fullwuht (alternative)
fulluht (alternative)
fulwihð (alternative)
fulwuht (alternative)
fulluiht (alternative Anglian)
fuluiht (alternative Anglian)
fulwuiht (alternative Anglian)
fwlwiht (alternative Anglian)

Middle English: fulloght, folht, follauȝt, follaut, folloȝt, fulloȝt, fullouȝt, fulloutht, fulout, vollouth, fuleht, fulht, fulluhht, fulluht (Early Middle English), folghþe, follouȝt, foluþe, fullogh, fullogth, volloȝt (Late Middle English)

An old compound from fulwian, fulliġan (“to baptize”) + -þ, as if Proto-West Germanic *fullawīhiþu.

Paulinus bisċep ġehwerfde Edwine Norþhymbra cyning tō fulwihte.

Paulinus the Bishop convinced King Edwin of Northumbria to get baptized.

Paulinus the Bishop converted King Edwin of Northumbria to baptism.

late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
On þǣm dæġe Crīst onfeng þā ealdan ymbsnidenysse ond þā ealdan clǣsnunge Iūdea folces, þæt þonne wæs þæt hīe æġhwelċum cnihtċilde ymbsnidon þæt werlīċe līm on þǣm eahteðan dæġe æfter his acennisse, ond sēo clǣsnung him wæs swā hȧliġ swā ūs is fullwiht...

On that day Christ underwent the traditional circumcision and purification of the Judean folk, which was that manly limb of each of their male children was circumcised on the eighth day after his bird, and the purification was as holy as baptism is for us...


ræde

rǣde (canonical feminine)
rǣdan (nominative plural)
rǣde (nominative singular)
rǣdan (nominative plural)
rǣdan (accusative singular)
rǣdan (accusative plural)
rǣdan (genitive singular)
rǣdena (genitive plural)
rǣdan (dative singular)
rǣdum (dative plural)


wase

wāse (canonical feminine)
wāse (nominative singular)
wāsan (nominative plural)
wāsan (accusative singular)
wāsan (accusative plural)
wāsan (genitive singular)
wāsena (genitive plural)
wāsan (dative singular)
wāsum (dative plural)

Middle English: wose

English: ooze

From Proto-West Germanic *waisā, from Proto-Germanic *waisǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to flow”). Akin to Old Saxon wāso (“mud, wet ground, mire”), Old Norse veisa (“stagnant pond, stagnant water”), Old English wōs (“moisture; juice, sap”).


wos

wōs (canonical neuter)
wōs (nominative plural)
wōs (nominative singular)
wōs (nominative plural)
wōs (accusative singular)
wōs (accusative plural)
wōses (genitive singular)
wōsa (genitive plural)
wōse (dative singular)
wōsum (dative plural)

Middle English: wos, wose

English: ooze, wooze

From Proto-West Germanic *wōs, from Proto-Germanic *wōsą, from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to flow”). Akin to Middle Low German wose (“foam; froth”), Old English wāse (“marsh; mire”).

Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume I, Fiveleaf, or Cinquefoil. III.
Wiþ ǣlces dæġes mannes tȳddernysse inneweardes, nime þonne weġbrǣdan, dō on wīn and sūp þ wōs and et þā weġbrǣdan; ðonne dēah hit wið ǣġhwylcre innancundre unhǣlo.

For every days tenderness of a man inwardly, let him take then waybread, put it in wine, and sip the juice and eat the waybread; then it is good for any inward unheal (infirmity).


wrenc

wrenċ (canonical masculine)
wrenċ (nominative singular)
wrenċas (nominative plural)
wrenċ (accusative singular)
wrenċas (accusative plural)
wrenċes (genitive singular)
wrenċa (genitive plural)
wrenċe (dative singular)
wrenċum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: wrench, wrenk, wrynk, wrynke, wrænch, wrenc, wreinch (Early Middle English)
English: wrench
Middle Scots: wrenk, wrink

From Proto-Germanic *wrankiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wreng- (“to turn”).

Iċ þurh mūþ sprece mongum reordum, wrenċum singe, wrixle ġeneahhe hēafodwōþe,…

I speak with many voices through mouth, sing melodies, change abundantly my main song,…


wrid

wrīd (canonical masculine)
wrīd (nominative singular)
wrīdas (nominative plural)
wrīd (accusative singular)
wrīdas (accusative plural)
wrīdes (genitive singular)
wrīda (genitive plural)
wrīde (dative singular)
wrīdum (dative plural)
uurȳd (alternative)

Middle English: wrid, wride

English: wride (dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *wrīdaną, *wrīþaną (“to grow, flourish, thrive”).


wroht

head

wrōht f (nominative plural wrōhta or wrōhte)

wrōht (canonical feminine)
wrōhta (nominative plural)
wrōhte (nominative plural)
wrōht (nominative singular)
wrōhta (nominative plural)
wrōhte (nominative plural)
wrōhte (accusative singular)
wrōhta (accusative plural)
wrōhte (accusative plural)
wrōhte (genitive singular)
wrōhta (genitive plural)
wrōhte (dative singular)
wrōhtum (dative plural)
wōrht (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *wrōhiz, *wrōgiþō (“accusation”), from Proto-Indo-European *were-, *wrē- (“to tell, speak”). Akin to Old Saxon wrōht (“strife”), Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐍉𐌷𐍃 (wrōhs, “complaint, accusation”), Old Norse rōg (“quarrel, defamation”), Old English wrēġan (“to accuse, impeach; incite”). More at bewray, betray.


wroht

wrōht (canonical masculine)
wrōhtas (nominative plural)
wrōht (nominative singular)
wrōhtas (nominative plural)
wrōht (accusative singular)
wrōhtas (accusative plural)
wrōhtes (genitive singular)
wrōhta (genitive plural)
wrōhte (dative singular)
wrōhtum (dative plural)
wōrht (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *wrōga- (“tale-bearer, accuser”), from Proto-Indo-European *were-, *wrē- (“to tell, speak”). Akin to Old English wrēġan (“to accuse”).


iecend

īeċend (canonical masculine)
īeċend (nominative singular)
īeċend (nominative plural)
īeċende (nominative plural)
īeċendas (nominative plural)
īeċend (accusative singular)
īeċend (accusative plural)
īeċende (accusative plural)
īeċendas (accusative plural)
īeċendes (genitive singular)
īeċendra (genitive plural)
īeċende (dative singular)
īeċendum (dative plural)
īċend (alternative)

From īeċan (“to eke, increase”) + -end (agent suffix).

affix

a promoter, producer; father, progenitor


iegstream

īeġstrēam (canonical masculine)
īeġstrēam (nominative singular)
īeġstrēamas (nominative plural)
īeġstrēam (accusative singular)
īeġstrēamas (accusative plural)
īeġstrēames (genitive singular)
īeġstrēama (genitive plural)
īeġstrēame (dative singular)
īeġstrēamum (dative plural)
ēġstrēam (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *auwjustraum, equivalent to īeġ (“island”) + strēam (“current; stream”).


ielden

ielden (nominative singular)
ielden (nominative plural)
ielden (accusative singular)
ielden (accusative plural)
ieldenes (genitive singular)
ieldena (genitive plural)
ieldene (dative singular)
ieldenum (dative plural)
ielden (nominative singular)
ieldenna (nominative plural)
ieldenne (nominative plural)
ieldenne (accusative singular)
ieldenna (accusative plural)
ieldenne (accusative plural)
ieldenne (genitive singular)
ieldenna (genitive plural)
ieldenne (dative singular)
ieldennum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *alþin-. Akin to ieldan (“to delay”), eald (“old”).


ingehygd

inġehyġd (canonical feminine)
inġehyġd (nominative singular)
inġehyġda (nominative plural)
inġehyġde (nominative plural)
inġehyġde (accusative singular)
inġehyġda (accusative plural)
inġehyġde (accusative plural)
inġehyġde (genitive singular)
inġehyġda (genitive plural)
inġehyġde (dative singular)
inġehyġdum (dative plural)

From in- + ġehyġd (“mind”). Akin to hyċġan (“to think about, consider”), hogian (“to be concerned about, care for”).

Gif ðæs synfullan ingehȳd bið gehrepod mid fyrhte ðæs upplīcan dōmes, ðonne wiðhæfð hē ðām unlustum.

1921, Joseph Bosworth, Thomas Northcote Toller, Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online:

If the sinful's intent be touched with divination of celestial judgement, then he withstands the evil lust.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Agnes, Virgin"
...and cwæþ him ðus to, mid clænum ingehyde...

...and spake to him thus with pure intention,...

intent, intention, purpose, meaning, effect


gerene

ġerēne (canonical neuter)
ġerēne (nominative singular)
ġerēnu (nominative plural)
ġerēne (accusative singular)
ġerēnu (accusative plural)
ġerēnes (genitive singular)
ġerēna (genitive plural)
ġerēne (dative singular)
ġerēnum (dative plural)


gesegen

ġeseġen (canonical feminine)
ġeseġen (nominative singular)
ġeseġena (nominative plural)
ġeseġene (nominative plural)
ġeseġene (accusative singular)
ġeseġena (accusative plural)
ġeseġene (accusative plural)
ġeseġene (genitive singular)
ġeseġena (genitive plural)
ġeseġene (dative singular)
ġeseġenum (dative plural)
ġesæġen (alternative)

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Þæt iċ bē ðām hālgan fæder Cūðbyrhte wrāt oððe on þysse bēċ oððe on ōðre, þā dǣda his līfes, sume iċ ǣrest nōm of þām ġewrītum ðe iċ āwriten ġemette mid þām broðrum þǣre ċyriċean æt Lindesfearona ēa sumu ðā þe iċ sylf onġitan mihte þurh swīðe ġetrēowa manna ġesæġene iċ tōycte.

That which I wrote about the holy father Cuthbert, either in this book or another, about his life's deeds, some I took first from what I found among the brethren of the church at Lindisfarne, and I have added on the particulars which I could glean through conversations with very trustworthy people.


dwæs

dwǣs (canonical masculine)
dwǣs (nominative singular)
dwǣsas (nominative plural)
dwǣs (accusative singular)
dwǣsas (accusative plural)
dwǣses (genitive singular)
dwǣsa (genitive plural)
dwǣse (dative singular)
dwǣsum (dative plural)

Middle English: dass (“fool”, noun)

From Proto-West Germanic *dwās, from Proto-Germanic *dwēsaz.
Akin to Old Frisian dwēs, Middle Low German dwās (“stupid”), Middle Dutch dwaes (Dutch dwaas), Middle High German twās, dwās, Old English dysiġ (“foolish, stupid, dizzy”), Old Norse *dasa (“to daze”), Old Norse dasask (“to become weary”). More at dizzy, daze.


swige

swīġe (canonical feminine)
swīġe (nominative singular)
swīġan (accusative singular)
swīġan (genitive singular)
swīġan (dative singular)

Middle English: swyȝe, swiȝe, swige


cenep

cenep (nominative singular)
cenepas (nominative plural)
cenep (accusative singular)
cenepas (accusative plural)
cenepes (genitive singular)
cenepa (genitive plural)
cenepe (dative singular)
cenepum (dative plural)
kenep (alternative)

Middle English: kempe

English: kemp, kemps

From Proto-West Germanic *kanip, from Proto-Germanic *kanipaz. Akin to Old Frisian kenep, Old Norse kampr.


spyrd

spyrd (nominative singular)
spyrdas (nominative plural)
spyrd (accusative singular)
spyrdas (accusative plural)
spyrdes (genitive singular)
spyrda (genitive plural)
spyrde (dative singular)
spyrdum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *spurdz (“stadium, racetrack”), from Proto-Indo-European *sperdʰ- (“contest”). Cognate with Old High German spurt (“racetrack, racing course”), Gothic 𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍃 (spaurds, “racetrack”), Sanskrit स्पर्धा (spardhā, “competition”).

cog

a measure of distance, furlong, league; mile


notu

notu (nominative singular)
nota (nominative plural)
note (nominative plural)
note (accusative singular)
nota (accusative plural)
note (accusative plural)
note (genitive singular)
nota (genitive plural)
note (dative singular)
notum (dative plural)

Middle English: note, noote

Scots: note, not

English: note

From Proto-West Germanic *notu, from Proto-Germanic *nutō (“use, enjoyment”), from Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to acquire, make use of”). Cognate with Old Frisian note (“income from agriculture and animal husbandry”), Middle Dutch not (“income from the land”), Old High German nuz (“use”, noun). Related to Old English nytt (“use”), Old English nēotan (“to use, enjoy, possess”), Old English nēat (“cattle, property”). More at neat.

cog

an office; occupation, employment, function, work

the conducting of business, business affairs; the discharge of duty or office


þenest

þēnest (canonical feminine)
þēnest (nominative singular)
þēnesta (nominative plural)
þēneste (nominative plural)
þēneste (accusative singular)
þēnesta (accusative plural)
þēneste (accusative plural)
þēneste (genitive singular)
þēnesta (genitive plural)
þēneste (dative singular)
þēnestum (dative plural)
þeġnest (alternative)
þēonest (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz. Akin Old Norse þjónusta (“service”), and to Proto-Germanic *þignaz (“servant, thane”), Old High German dionōst (“service”) (German Dienst (“service”)), Dutch dienst (“service”), Old English þeġnian (“to serve”).


demere

dēmere (canonical masculine)
dēmere (nominative singular)
dēmeras (nominative plural)
dēmere (accusative singular)
dēmeras (accusative plural)
dēmeres (genitive singular)
dēmera (genitive plural)
dēmere (dative singular)
dēmerum (dative plural)
dœ̄mere (alternative)
doemere (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: demere, demar, demare, demer
English: deemer
Middle Scots: demare


stycce

styċċe (canonical neuter)
styċċe (nominative singular)
styċċu (nominative plural)
styċċe (accusative singular)
styċċu (accusative plural)
styċċes (genitive singular)
styċċa (genitive plural)
styċċe (dative singular)
styċċum (dative plural)
stiċċe (alternative)
stiċ (alternative)
styċġċe (alternative Anglian)

desc

Middle English: stucche, stecche, stech, steche, sticche, stitche, stuche

gl

possibly continuing Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">styċċemǣlum</i>

⇒ English: stitch meale, stitchmeal (“by piece, in separate pieces”) (possibly continuing Old English styċċemǣlum)

possibly via Middle Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">styca</i>

→ English: styca (possibly via Middle Latin styca)

⇒? English: stuckling

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stukkī, from Proto-Germanic *stukkiją (“piece”). Cognate with Old Saxon stukki, Old High German stucki, Old Norse stykki.

inh+

Hit wæs tōdǣled on twā styċċu.


stocc

stocc (nominative singular)
stoccas (nominative plural)
stocc (accusative singular)
stoccas (accusative plural)
stocces (genitive singular)
stocca (genitive plural)
stocce (dative singular)
stoccum (dative plural)
stoc (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: stok, stokke, stoka, stoc, stocke, stook (hapax legomenon)
English: stock
Yola: stouck, stouk

From Proto-West Germanic *stokk, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”). Akin to Old High German stoc (German Stock), Old Norse stokkr (“tree-trunk”).

a post to which a person may be tied, stocks


uprodor

uprodor (nominative singular)
uprodoras (nominative plural)
uprodor (accusative singular)
uprodoras (accusative plural)
uprodores (genitive singular)
uprodora (genitive plural)
uprodore (dative singular)
uprodorum (dative plural)
uprador (alternative)
uproder (alternative)

From up- (“upper”) + rodor (“firmament, heavens”). Compare upheofon.


utscyte

ūtsċyte (canonical masculine)
ūtsċyte (nominative singular)
ūtsċytas (nominative plural)
ūtsċyte (accusative singular)
ūtsċytas (accusative plural)
ūtsċytes (genitive singular)
ūtsċyta (genitive plural)
ūtsċyte (dative singular)
ūtsċytum (dative plural)

Derivative of ūtsċēotan (“to aid the escape of”), from ūt- + sċēotan (“to shoot”)


lendenu

nominative/accusative plural of lenden (“loin”)


andgiete

andġiete (canonical feminine)
andġiete (nominative singular)
andġietan (nominative plural)
andġietan (accusative singular)
andġietan (accusative plural)
andġietan (genitive singular)
andġietena (genitive plural)
andġietan (dative singular)
andġietum (dative plural)
andġete (alternative)
andġite (alternative)

From the noun andġiet (“intelligence, understanding”).

the senses, one of the five senses (ġesihþ, hlyst, swæċċ, stenċ, hrepung)


þiccet

þiccet (nominative singular)
þiccetu (nominative plural)
þiccet (accusative singular)
þiccetu (accusative plural)
þiccetes (genitive singular)
þicceta (genitive plural)
þiccete (dative singular)
þiccetum (dative plural)
þyccet (alternative)
þiccett (alternative)

Middle English: *thikket

English: thicket

Late Old English, from þicce (“thick, dense”) + -et.

any place where there is dense growth or foliage


stæfrof

stæfrōf (canonical feminine)
stæfrōf (nominative singular)
stæfrōfa (nominative plural)
stæfrōfe (nominative plural)
stæfrōfe (accusative singular)
stæfrōfa (accusative plural)
stæfrōfe (accusative plural)
stæfrōfe (genitive singular)
stæfrōfa (genitive plural)
stæfrōfe (dative singular)
stæfrōfum (dative plural)

→ Old Norse: stafróf

Icelandic: stafróf

From stæf (“letter”) + rōf (“set, array”).


stæfcræft

stæfcræft (nominative singular)
stæfcræftas (nominative plural)
stæfcræft (accusative singular)
stæfcræftas (accusative plural)
stæfcræftes (genitive singular)
stæfcræfta (genitive plural)
stæfcræfte (dative singular)
stæfcræftum (dative plural)

Middle English: *stafcraft, stef creft

From stæf (“letter”) + -cræft (“knowledge, skill”).

affix

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Stæfcræft is sēo cǣġ þe þāra bōca andġiet onlȳcþ.

Grammar is the key that unlocks the meaning of books.


stæfgefeg

stæfġefēġ (canonical neuter)
stæfġefēġ (nominative singular)
stæfġefēġ (nominative plural)
stæfġefēġ (accusative singular)
stæfġefēġ (accusative plural)
stæfġefēġes (genitive singular)
stæfġefēġa (genitive plural)
stæfġefēġe (dative singular)
stæfġefēġum (dative plural)

From stæf (“letter”) + ġefēġ (“joining, combination”).

c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
Syllaba is stæfġefēġ on ānre orþung ġeendod.

[Latin] Syllaba is a syllable ended in a breath.


stæfwritere

stæf (“letter, grammar”) + wrītere (“writer, scribe”)


langoþ

langoþ (nominative singular)
langoþas (nominative plural)
langoþ (accusative singular)
langoþas (accusative plural)
langoþes (genitive singular)
langoþa (genitive plural)
langoþe (dative singular)
langoþum (dative plural)
langaþ (alternative)
longoþ (alternative)
longaþ (alternative)


hlot

English: lot

hlēt (alternative)
hliēt (alternative)
hlyt (alternative)
hlodd (alternative)


fremu

fremu (nominative singular)
frema (nominative plural)
freme (nominative plural)
freme (accusative singular)
frema (accusative plural)
freme (accusative plural)
freme (genitive singular)
frema (genitive plural)
freme (dative singular)
fremum (dative plural)

Middle English: freme

From Proto-West Germanic *framī. Cognate with Old Frisian fremo, freme (“use”).


stæger

stǣġer (canonical feminine neuter)
stǣġer (nominative singular)
stǣġera (nominative plural)
stǣġere (nominative plural)
stǣġere (accusative singular)
stǣġera (accusative plural)
stǣġere (accusative plural)
stǣġere (genitive singular)
stǣġera (genitive plural)
stǣġere (dative singular)
stǣġerum (dative plural)
stǣġer (nominative singular)
stǣġer (nominative plural)
stǣġer (accusative singular)
stǣġer (accusative plural)
stǣġeres (genitive singular)
stǣġera (genitive plural)
stǣġere (dative singular)
stǣġerum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: steire, staire, stayre, stayer, steir, steyr, steyre, steyer, ster, steiȝer, steiher
English: stair
Scots: stair
Yola: sthiers (plural)
→ Irish: staighre

From Proto-West Germanic *staigri, from Proto-Germanic *staigriz (“stair, step, scaffolding”).


samodswegend

samodswēġend (canonical masculine)
samodswēġend (nominative singular)
samodswēġend (nominative plural)
samodswēġende (nominative plural)
samodswēġendas (nominative plural)
samodswēġend (accusative singular)
samodswēġend (accusative plural)
samodswēġende (accusative plural)
samodswēġendas (accusative plural)
samodswēġendes (genitive singular)
samodswēġendra (genitive plural)
samodswēġende (dative singular)
samodswēġendum (dative plural)


stær

staras (nominative plural)
stær (nominative singular)
staras (nominative plural)
stær (accusative singular)
staras (accusative plural)
stæres (genitive singular)
stara (genitive plural)
stære (dative singular)
starum (dative plural)

English: starling

From Proto-West Germanic *star, from Proto-Germanic *staraz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tern- (“starling”) and/or Proto-Indo-European *storo- (“starling”).


stær

English: stare

From Proto-Germanic *star- (“to be rigid”), from *ster- (“to be stiff, to be strong”).


stær

stǣr (canonical neuter)
stǣr (nominative singular)
stǣr (nominative plural)
stǣr (accusative singular)
stǣr (accusative plural)
stǣres (genitive singular)
stǣra (genitive plural)
stǣre (dative singular)
stǣrum (dative plural)
stēr (alternative)
stēor (alternative)

Uncertain. Perhaps an alteration of earlier *stœ̄r (compare Old High German storia (“history”)), ultimately from Latin historia, from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía). Compare also Old English stēor (“guidance, direction”).


forenama

forenama (nominative singular)
forenaman (nominative plural)
forenaman (accusative singular)
forenaman (accusative plural)
forenaman (genitive singular)
forenamena (genitive plural)
forenaman (dative singular)
forenamum (dative plural)

From fore- (“pro-”) + nama (“noun, name”).


gebigednes

ġebīġednes (canonical feminine)
ġebīġednes (nominative singular)
ġebīġednessa (nominative plural)
ġebīġednesse (nominative plural)
ġebīġednesse (accusative singular)
ġebīġednessa (accusative plural)
ġebīġednesse (accusative plural)
ġebīġednesse (genitive singular)
ġebīġednessa (genitive plural)
ġebīġednesse (dative singular)
ġebīġednessum (dative plural)


fiell

fiell (nominative singular)
fiellas (nominative plural)
fiell (accusative singular)
fiellas (accusative plural)
fielles (genitive singular)
fiella (genitive plural)
fielle (dative singular)
fiellum (dative plural)
fyll (alternative)
feall (alternative)
fell (alternative)
fyl (alternative)

Middle English: fal, val, fall

English: fall

From a merger of Proto-West Germanic *falli and *fall, from Proto-Germanic *falliz and *fallaz.


pearroc

pearroc (nominative singular)
pearrocas (nominative plural)
pearroc (accusative singular)
pearrocas (accusative plural)
pearroces (genitive singular)
pearroca (genitive plural)
pearroce (dative singular)
pearrocum (dative plural)
pearruc (alternative)

Middle English: parrok, parrock

Scots: parrock, paddock

English: parrock, paddock

From Proto-Germanic *parrukaz (“fencing; enclosed land”). Akin to Old High German pfarrih (“fencing; enclosure”).

cog

a fence used to enclose a space, or the area enclosed by such a fence


ladung

lādung (canonical feminine)
lādung (nominative singular)
lādunga (nominative plural)
lādunge (nominative plural)
lādunge (accusative singular)
lādunga (accusative plural)
lādunge (accusative plural)
lādunge (genitive singular)
lādunga (genitive plural)
lādunge (dative singular)
lādungum (dative plural)

exculpation or defense (+ genitive against an accusation)


lafor

lafor (nominative singular)
laforas (nominative plural)
lafor (accusative singular)
laforas (accusative plural)
lafores (genitive singular)
lafora (genitive plural)
lafore (dative singular)
laforum (dative plural)


aþexe

āþexe (canonical feminine)
āþexe (nominative singular)
āþexan (nominative plural)
āþexan (accusative singular)
āþexan (accusative plural)
āþexan (genitive singular)
āþexena (genitive plural)
āþexan (dative singular)
āþexum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: aske, arske
English: ask, askard
Scots: ask, esk, awsk

From Proto-West Germanic *agiþahsijā (“lizard, newt”).


balca

balca (nominative singular)
balcan (nominative plural)
balcan (accusative singular)
balcan (accusative plural)
balcan (genitive singular)
balcena (genitive plural)
balcan (dative singular)
balcum (dative plural)
bealca (alternative)
bælca (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: balke, bauke
English: balk
Scots: bauk
Yola: balke


clerc

clerc (nominative singular)
clercas (nominative plural)
clerc (accusative singular)
clercas (accusative plural)
clerces (genitive singular)
clerca (genitive plural)
clerce (dative singular)
clercum (dative plural)

Middle English: clerc

English: clerk

Borrowed from Late Latin clēricus (“clergyman, priest”), from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós).


eolas

nominative and accusative plural of eolh


woþ

wōþ (canonical feminine)
wōþ (nominative singular)
wōþa (nominative plural)
wōþe (nominative plural)
wōþe (accusative singular)
wōþa (accusative plural)
wōþe (accusative plural)
wōþe (genitive singular)
wōþa (genitive plural)
wōþe (dative singular)
wōþum (dative plural)
woð (alternative)

From Proto-Germanic *wōþō (compare wōd), from Proto-Indo-European *wéh₂t-eh₂, from *weh₂t- (“possessed, excited”).

Saga hwæt iċ hātte, þe swā scireniġe scēawendwīsan hlūde onhyrġe, hæleþum bodie wilcumena fela wōþe mīnre.

Say what I am called, who as actress loudly imitate a jester song, proclaim many welcome guests as heroes with my voice.


gefegnes

ġefēġnes (canonical feminine)
ġefēġnes (nominative singular)
ġefēġnessa (nominative plural)
ġefēġnesse (nominative plural)
ġefēġnesse (accusative singular)
ġefēġnessa (accusative plural)
ġefēġnesse (accusative plural)
ġefēġnesse (genitive singular)
ġefēġnessa (genitive plural)
ġefēġnesse (dative singular)
ġefēġnessum (dative plural)

an association; joining, joint, conjunction


wordmittung

From word + mittung (“meeting, collaboration”).

affix

a similitude, literary comparison, collection


spona

genitive/nominative/accusative plural of spōn


ancra

ancra (nominative singular)
ancran (nominative plural)
ancran (accusative singular)
ancran (accusative plural)
ancran (genitive singular)
ancrena (genitive plural)
ancran (dative singular)
ancrum (dative plural)


clipola

clipola (nominative singular)
clipolan (nominative plural)
clipolan (accusative singular)
clipolan (accusative plural)
clipolan (genitive singular)
clipolena (genitive plural)
clipolan (dative singular)
clipolum (dative plural)
clypola (alternative)


clipolgefeg

From clipola (“vowel”) + ġefēġ (“joining, combination”).

compound

(grammar) diphthong; combination of vowels or vowel sounds


geteld

ġeteld (canonical neuter)
ġeteld (nominative singular)
ġeteld (nominative plural)
ġeteld (accusative singular)
ġeteld (accusative plural)
ġeteldes (genitive singular)
ġetelda (genitive plural)
ġetelde (dative singular)
ġeteldum (dative plural)
ieteld (alternative Kentish)

→ English: geteld

From Proto-West Germanic *gateld, equivalent to ġe- + teld. Cognate with Old Dutch gitelt, Old High German gizelt.


assena

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of assen


cyte

ċȳte (canonical feminine)
ċȳte (nominative singular)
ċȳtan (nominative plural)
ċȳtan (accusative singular)
ċȳtan (accusative plural)
ċȳtan (genitive singular)
ċȳtena (genitive plural)
ċȳtan (dative singular)
ċȳtum (dative plural)
ċēte (alternative)

Middle English: chete

For earlier *ċīete, from Proto-West Germanic *kautijā, from Proto-Germanic *kautijǭ (“hut, cottage”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewd- (“to stretch, curve, vault”).
Related to cote, though the exact details are unclear.

der

T. Northcote Toller
w:T. Northcote Toller

An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
w:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press


portcwene

inflection of portcwēn:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of portcwēn:
nominative/accusative plural


hecg

heċġ (canonical feminine)
heċġ (nominative singular)
heċġa (nominative plural)
heċġe (nominative plural)
heċġe (accusative singular)
heċġa (accusative plural)
heċġe (accusative plural)
heċġe (genitive singular)
heċġa (genitive plural)
heċġe (dative singular)
heċġum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: hegge, egge, eygge, heddge, hedge, heg, hege, hegg, heggg
English: hedge
Scots: hedge

From Proto-West Germanic *haggju. Cognate with Danish hæk, Dutch heg, German Hecke, Icelandic hekk, Swedish häck.


spild

spild (nominative singular)
spild (nominative plural)
spild (accusative singular)
spild (accusative plural)
spildes (genitive singular)
spilda (genitive plural)
spilde (dative singular)
spildum (dative plural)
spilth (alternative)
*spilþ (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *spelþ, from Proto-Germanic *spelþą.


ƀ

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
⁊ þȳ ilcan ġēare man ġehālgode Tātwine tō ærċebisċeop, sēo wæs ǣr in Mercum preost in Brēodūne. Hine hālgodan Daniel Wæntan bisċeop ⁊ Ingwald Lunden bisċeop ⁊ Aldwine Licetfelda ƀ ⁊ Aldulf Rofesċeastre ƀ...

And in the same year [731], Tatwine, who was previously a priest in Breodun, Mercia, was ordained archbishop. He was ordained by Daniel bishop of Winchester, Ingwald bishop of London, Aldwine bishop of Lichfield, and Aldwulf bishop of Rochester...


bytte

inflection of byt:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of byt:
genitive/dative singular


hamma

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of hamm


fyld

fyld (nominative singular)
fyldas (nominative plural)
fyld (accusative singular)
fyldas (accusative plural)
fyldes (genitive singular)
fylda (genitive plural)
fylde (dative singular)
fyldum (dative plural)


glædmann

glædmann (nominative singular)
glædmenn (nominative plural)
glædmann (accusative singular)
glædmenn (accusative plural)
glædmannes (genitive singular)
glædmanna (genitive plural)
glædmenn (dative singular)
glædmannum (dative plural)
glædeman (alternative)
glædemonn (alternative)
glædemon (alternative)


kæppe

kæppe (nominative singular)
kæppan (nominative plural)
kæppan (accusative singular)
kæppan (accusative plural)
kæppan (genitive singular)
kæppena (genitive plural)
kæppan (dative singular)
kæppum (dative plural)


tæl

tǣl (canonical feminine)
tǣl (nominative singular)
tǣle (nominative plural)
tǣla (nominative plural)
tǣl (accusative singular)
tǣle (accusative singular)
tǣle (accusative plural)
tǣla (accusative plural)
tǣle (genitive singular)
tǣla (genitive plural)
tǣle (dative singular)
tǣlum (dative plural)

Middle English: tele

Uncertain. Either a variant of tāl; a deverbal of tǣlan; or possibly from Proto-West Germanic *tāli, related to Proto-West Germanic *tālu.

evil-speaking, calumny, disparagement, slander


fearr

fearr (nominative singular)
fearras (nominative plural)
fearr (accusative singular)
fearras (accusative plural)
fearres (genitive singular)
fearra (genitive plural)
fearre (dative singular)
fearrum (dative plural)
fear (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *farʀ, from Proto-Germanic *farzaz, a byform of *farzô (“bull, steer”).

c. 994, Ælfric, On the Year
Ǣlċe mōnað hēo yrnð under ān þǣra tacna. Ān þǣra tacna ys ġehāten aries, þæt is ramm; oðer taurus, þæt is fearr; ðridda gemini, þæt synd ġetwisan; fēorða cancer, þæt is crabba; fīfta leo; syxta virgo, þæt is mǣden; seofoða libra, þæt is pund orde wǣġe; eahtoðe scorpius, þæt is þrōwend; nigoða is sagittarius, þæt is sċytta; teoða ys capricornus, þæt is buccan horn, oððe bucca; endlyfta is aquarius, þæt is wæter-ġyte, oððe þe þe wæter ġyt; twelfte is pisces, þæt synd fixas.

Each month runs under one of the signs [of the Zodiac]. The first of the signs is called aries, that is "ram"; the second is taurus, that is "bull"; the third is gemini, that is "twins"; the fourth is cancer, that is "crab"; the fifth is lion; the sixth is virgo, that is "virgin"; the seventh is libra, that is "pound" or "scales"; eighth is scorpious, that is "scorpion"; ninth is sagittarius, that is "shooter"; tenth is capricornus, that is "he-goat's horn" or "he-goat"; eleventh is aquarius, that is "pouring water" or "one that pours water"; twelfth is pisces, that is "fishes."

Iċ ġeseah þā trīewenan duru tōbrecan. Fearr styrmde fnǣrende intō mīnum clēofan.

I saw the wooden door shatter. A bull stormed snorting into my room.


blæse

blæse (nominative singular)
blæsan (nominative plural)
blæsan (accusative singular)
blæsan (accusative plural)
blæsan (genitive singular)
blæsena (genitive plural)
blæsan (dative singular)
blæsum (dative plural)


blæs

blǣs (canonical masculine)
blǣs (nominative singular)
blǣsas (nominative plural)
blǣs (accusative singular)
blǣsas (accusative plural)
blǣses (genitive singular)
blǣsa (genitive plural)
blǣse (dative singular)
blǣsum (dative plural)

Middle English: blas, bles, bleas

From Proto-West Germanic *blās, from Proto-Germanic *blēsaną (“to blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow up, swell”).


unware

inflection of unwær:
strong accusative feminine singular

strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular

strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural

weak nominative feminine/neuter singular

inflection of unwær:
weak accusative neuter singular


sæt

sǣt (canonical feminine)
sǣt (nominative singular)
sǣta (nominative plural)
sǣte (nominative plural)
sǣte (accusative singular)
sǣta (accusative plural)
sǣte (accusative plural)
sǣte (genitive singular)
sǣta (genitive plural)
sǣte (dative singular)
sǣtum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *sātu, from Proto-Germanic *sētō, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-.


manscipe

mansċipe (canonical masculine)
mansċipe (nominative singular)
mansċipas (nominative plural)
mansċipe (accusative singular)
mansċipas (accusative plural)
mansċipes (genitive singular)
mansċipa (genitive plural)
mansċipe (dative singular)
mansċipum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: manscipe, manschipe, manschip, manship, manschippe, monschipe

English: manship

Scots: manschip

From Proto-West Germanic *mannskapi, equivalent to mann + -sċipe.

Mansċipe ġyfan beþearfendum and ælþēodiġum.

Giving human kindness to the poor and the pilgrims.


scipe

sċipe (canonical masculine)
sċipe (nominative singular)
sċipas (nominative plural)
sċipe (accusative singular)
sċipas (accusative plural)
sċipes (genitive singular)
sċipa (genitive plural)
sċipe (dative singular)
sċipum (dative plural)

Middle English: ssepe, shipe, schepe

Derived from sċipian (“to take shape, put in order, equip”), from Proto-Germanic *skapjōną (“to form, put in order, arrange”).


fæs

fæs (nominative singular)
fasu (nominative plural)
fæs (accusative singular)
fasu (accusative plural)
fæses (genitive singular)
fasa (genitive plural)
fæse (dative singular)
fasum (dative plural)
fæss (alternative)
fas (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: fass, face, vasse, fas, faz
English: fas
Yola: fash

⇒ Middle English: fasel

English: fasel

From Proto-West Germanic *fas, *fasō. Akin to Old High German faso, Middle Dutch vase.


fyrs

Related to Ancient Greek πῡρός (pūrós, “wheat”), see there for more.


geweorc

ġeweorc (canonical neuter)
ġeweorc (nominative singular)
ġeweorc (nominative plural)
ġeweorc (accusative singular)
ġeweorc (accusative plural)
ġeweorces (genitive singular)
ġeweorca (genitive plural)
ġeweorce (dative singular)
ġeweorcum (dative plural)

From ġe- + weorc. Cognate with Old Saxon giwerk, Old High German giwerk, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌹 (gawaurki).

Ȳþde swā þisne eardġeard · ælda Sċyppend
oþþæt burgwara · breahtma lēase
eald enta ġeweorc · īdlu stōdon.

Thus, Creator of men was destroying this world
until works of old giants, lacking of
citizens' noises, stood empty.


mæscre

mæsċre (canonical feminine)
mæsċre (nominative singular)
mæsċran (nominative plural)
mæsċran (accusative singular)
mæsċran (accusative plural)
mæsċran (genitive singular)
mæsċrena (genitive plural)
mæsċran (dative singular)
mæsċrum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”). Akin to Old English masc (“net”). More at mesh, mask.


gifte

inflection of ġift:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of ġift:
genitive/dative singular


unweder

unweder (nominative singular)
unwedru (nominative plural)
unweder (accusative singular)
unwedru (accusative plural)
unwedres (genitive singular)
unwedra (genitive plural)
unwedre (dative singular)
unwedrum (dative plural)

Middle English: unweder (hapax)

→ English: unweather (calque)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *unwedr, from Proto-Germanic *unwedrą, equivalent to un- + weder. Cognate with Old Norse óveðr (Swedish oväder) and Old High German unwetar (German Unwetter).


ealh

ēalas (nominative plural)
ealh (nominative singular)
ēalas (nominative plural)
ealh (accusative singular)
ēalas (accusative plural)
ēales (genitive singular)
ēala (genitive plural)
ēale (dative singular)
ēalum (dative plural)
alh (alternative)
alhn (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *alh, from Proto-Germanic *alhs (“protection, building, house, temple, settlement”), cognate to Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃 (alhs) and Proto-Norse ᚨᛚᚺ (alh).
According to Pokorny (1959:32) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek- (“to close, ward off, protect”), i.e. the root of Ancient Greek ἀλέξω (aléxō) and Sanskrit रक्षति (rakṣati, “guard, protect”), though Kroonen (2013:22 s.v. alh-) dismisses this as “arbitrary[.]”


cyninge

cyninge (nominative singular)
cyningan (nominative plural)
cyningan (accusative singular)
cyningan (accusative plural)
cyningan (genitive singular)
cyningena (genitive plural)
cyningan (dative singular)
cyningum (dative plural)

Possibly dissimilated from earlier *cyningen, from Proto-West Germanic *kuningini; otherwise, equivalent to cyning + -e.


bucc

bucc (nominative singular)
buccas (nominative plural)
bucc (accusative singular)
buccas (accusative plural)
bucces (genitive singular)
bucca (genitive plural)
bucce (dative singular)
buccum (dative plural)
buc (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: bukke, bocke, boke, buc, bucce, bucke, buk
English: buck
Scots: buk, buke, buik
Yola: buch

From Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz (“male deer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”). Akin to Old High German boc, Old Norse bukkr, Old English bucca (“buck, male goat”).


bucc

From Proto-West Germanic *būk, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, stomach”); perhaps representing a corruption of a diminutive ( + -uc) from Proto-West Germanic *būkuk (“miniature vessel”).


elde

elde (nominative plural)
elde (accusative plural)
elda (genitive plural)
eldum (dative plural)


wigle

wiġle (canonical neuter)
wiġle (nominative singular)
wiġlu (nominative plural)
wiġle (accusative singular)
wiġlu (accusative plural)
wiġles (genitive singular)
wiġla (genitive plural)
wiġle (dative singular)
wiġlum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: wiȝel, wihel, wiel, wile

English: wile


grietu

grīetu (canonical feminine)
grīetu (nominative singular)
grīeta (nominative plural)
grīete (nominative plural)
grīete (accusative singular)
grīeta (accusative plural)
grīete (accusative plural)
grīete (genitive singular)
grīeta (genitive plural)
grīete (dative singular)
grīetum (dative plural)
grytu (alternative)
grȳtu (alternative)
grȳto (alternative)

Middle English: grete, grette

⇒ Middle English: ungrete

English: ungreat (noun)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *grautī (“greatness, size”). Akin to Old English grēat (“great, large”).


coþu

coþu (nominative singular)
coþa (nominative plural)
coþe (nominative plural)
coþe (accusative singular)
coþa (accusative plural)
coþe (accusative plural)
coþe (genitive singular)
coþa (genitive plural)
coþe (dative singular)
coþum (dative plural)
coþe (alternative)

English: cothe, coath, coathe (regional)


gleo

glēo (canonical neuter)
glēo (nominative singular)
glēo (nominative plural)
glēo (accusative singular)
glēo (accusative plural)
glēowes (genitive singular)
glēowa (genitive plural)
glēowe (dative singular)
glēowum (dative plural)
glēow (alternative)
glīw (alternative)
glīġ (alternative)

Middle English: gle, gleu, glewe

English: glee

Scots: gle. glee, glie

Scots: glewe, glew (poetic)

From Proto-West Germanic *glīw, from Proto-Germanic *glīwą (“joy, music, entertainment, jesting, sport”). Akin to Old Norse glý (“glee”).

inh

music, musical accompaniment; entertainment


stut

stūt (canonical masculine)
stūt (nominative singular)
stūtas (nominative plural)
stūt (accusative singular)
stūtas (accusative plural)
stūtes (genitive singular)
stūta (genitive plural)
stūte (dative singular)
stūtum (dative plural)

Middle English: stout

English: stout


blostm

blōstm (canonical feminine masculine)
blōstm (nominative singular)
blōstmas (nominative plural)
blōstm (accusative singular)
blōstmas (accusative plural)
blōstmes (genitive singular)
blōstma (genitive plural)
blōstme (dative singular)
blōstmum (dative plural)
blōstm (nominative singular)
blōstma (nominative plural)
blōstme (nominative plural)
blōstme (accusative singular)
blōstma (accusative plural)
blōstme (accusative plural)
blōstme (genitive singular)
blōstma (genitive plural)
blōstme (dative singular)
blōstmum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: blostme, blosme, blossom

English: blossom

From Proto-West Germanic *blōstm, from Proto-Germanic *blōsmaz, *blōstmō (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-.


blostma

blōstma (canonical masculine)
blōstma (nominative singular)
blōstman (nominative plural)
blōstman (accusative singular)
blōstman (accusative plural)
blōstman (genitive singular)
blōstmena (genitive plural)
blōstman (dative singular)
blōstmum (dative plural)

Middle English: blostme, blosme

English: blossom

Scots: blossum, blossom

From Proto-West Germanic *blōstmō, from Proto-Germanic *blōstmô (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-. Cognate with Old Norse blómstr.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Iċ ġeseah þone fæġerostan feld fulne grōwendra blostmena.

I saw the most beautiful field full of growing flowers.

Exeter Book, riddle 40

Though a lily is bright in its bloom, I am better than it.

Þēah þe līlie sīe beorht on blostman, iċ eom betere þonne hēo.


hige

Alternative form of hyġe (“thought, mind”)


wuna

wunan (nominative plural)
wuna (nominative singular)
wunan (nominative plural)
wunan (accusative singular)
wunan (accusative plural)
wunan (genitive singular)
wunena (genitive plural)
wunan (dative singular)
wunum (dative plural)
ġewuna (alternative)

Middle English: wune, wone

English: wone

From Proto-Germanic *wunô (“habit, wont”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to be satisfied, wish, desire”). Akin to Old English wunian (“to be accustomed, dwell”).

cog

practice, rite (usually with ġe-); ritual


becan

inflection of bēċe:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of bēċe:
genitive/dative singular


sidu

sidu (nominative singular)
sida (nominative plural)
sidu (accusative singular)
sida (accusative plural)
sida (genitive singular)
sida (genitive plural)
sida (dative singular)
sidum (dative plural)
sido (alternative)
seodu (alternative)
seodo (alternative)

Middle English: side

From Proto-West Germanic *sidu, from Proto-Germanic *siduz (“custom”), from Proto-Indo-European *swedʰ- (“custom, habit”). Cognate with Old Frisian side (“custom”), Old Saxon sidu (“custom”), Old High German situ (“custom”), Old Norse siðr (“custom, habit; conduct”). Related to Old English ġesidian (“to arrange, order, set right”).

cog

(in compounds) ware, tool, instrument, gear


sigor

sigor (nominative singular)
sigoras (nominative plural)
sigor (accusative singular)
sigoras (accusative plural)
sigores (genitive singular)
sigora (genitive plural)
sigore (dative singular)
sigorum (dative plural)
sygor (alternative)
siġer (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *siguri, a metathetic alteration of *sigiʀu, plural of *seg (“victory”), from Proto-Germanic *segaz (“victory”), from Proto-Indo-European *segʰ- (“to hold”). Akin to Old Norse sigr (“victory”), Old English siġe (“victory”).

Sigor eft áhwearf of norþmonna níðgeteóne, æsctír wera.

Victory after turning back the attack of the Northmen, battle-glory of the troop. (Cd. Th. 124, 24 ; Gen. 2067.)


gemæne

ġemǣne (canonical neuter)
ġemǣne (nominative singular)
ġemǣnu (nominative plural)
ġemǣne (accusative singular)
ġemǣnu (accusative plural)
ġemǣnes (genitive singular)
ġemǣna (genitive plural)
ġemǣne (dative singular)
ġemǣnum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *gamainī. Equivalent to ġe- + mǣne.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian mēne, Old Saxon gimēni, Old Dutch gemeini, Old High German gimeini, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gamains), also with Latin commūnis.


ræswung

rǣswung (canonical feminine)
resung (alternative)
rēsung (alternative)
rēsong (alternative)

From rǣswian (“to think, suspect”) + -ung.


swamm

swamm (nominative singular)
swammas (nominative plural)
swamm (accusative singular)
swammas (accusative plural)
swammes (genitive singular)
swamma (genitive plural)
swamme (dative singular)
swammum (dative plural)
swom (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *swamm, from Proto-Germanic *swammaz (“tree-fungus, mushroom, sponge”), from Proto-Indo-European *swombh- (“sponge, tree-fungus, swamp”).
Cognate with Old High German swamb (“mushroom”) (German Schwamm), Old Norse svǫppr (“sponge, fungus”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌼𐍃 (swamms, “sponge”). More at swamp.