See to in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for to meaning in Old English (5.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ta",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "*ta (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*de"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*do",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "*do (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon tō (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zuo (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish do",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "tō",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "tō"
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "ang-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to, into"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-cyhoeAEL",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to#English"
],
[
"into",
"into"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then looked he towards Peter, desiring an alms,...",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Chair of Saint Peter\"\n...ðā beseah hē tō Petre sumere ælmessan wilniġende...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"towards"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-lBxB~72m",
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-sda5G2fC",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "ang:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 33 9 6 4 0 33 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to drive",
"text": "tō drīfenne",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-ixKfqb92",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I work as an ironsmith",
"text": "ic wyrce tō īsensmiðe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "then I took her as a wife",
"text": "þā nam ic hīe tō wīfe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to boot (literally: as an improvement, thus in addition)",
"text": "tō bōte",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as (In the role of)"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-VAtHa6el",
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ti — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: to"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to",
"3": "too"
},
"expansion": "English: to, too",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: to, too"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "te",
"3": "tiv"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: te, tiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: te, tiv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tae"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ta",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "*ta (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*de"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*do",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "*do (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon tō (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zuo (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish do",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tō"
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "ang-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"besides"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-adv-dFyTJsbp",
"links": [
[
"besides",
"besides"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 54 11 2 0 0 25 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 33 9 6 4 0 33 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in addition, also, too; moreover"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-adv-2acBHGT7",
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
],
[
"moreover",
"moreover"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to an excessive degree; too"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-adv-k4oxF9jb",
"links": [
[
"too",
"too"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ti — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adverbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prepositions",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ta",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "*ta (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*de"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*do",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "*do (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon tō (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zuo (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish do",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "tō",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "tō"
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "ang-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to, into"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to#English"
],
[
"into",
"into"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then looked he towards Peter, desiring an alms,...",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Chair of Saint Peter\"\n...ðā beseah hē tō Petre sumere ælmessan wilniġende...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"towards"
],
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at"
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"ang:Grammar"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to drive",
"text": "tō drīfenne",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I work as an ironsmith",
"text": "ic wyrce tō īsensmiðe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "then I took her as a wife",
"text": "þā nam ic hīe tō wīfe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to boot (literally: as an improvement, thus in addition)",
"text": "tō bōte",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as (In the role of)"
],
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ti — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adverbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prepositions",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: to"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to",
"3": "too"
},
"expansion": "English: to, too",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: to, too"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "te",
"3": "tiv"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: te, tiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: te, tiv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tae"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ta",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "*ta (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*de"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*do",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "*do (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon tō (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zuo (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish do",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tō"
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "ang-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"besides"
],
"links": [
[
"besides",
"besides"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in addition, also, too; moreover"
],
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
],
[
"moreover",
"moreover"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to an excessive degree; too"
],
"links": [
[
"too",
"too"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ti — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.