See to in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*de"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon tō (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zuo (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish do",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "tō",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "tō"
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "ang-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.",
"ref": "10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 30:",
"text": "Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, into"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-cyhoeAEL",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to#English"
],
[
"into",
"into"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then looked he towards Peter, desiring an alms,...",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Chair of Saint Peter\"\n...ðā beseah hē tō Petre sumere ælmessan wilniġende...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"towards"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-lBxB~72m",
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-sda5G2fC",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "ang:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 0 6 1 0 63 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 5 9 6 0 51 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to drive",
"text": "tō drīfenne",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-ixKfqb92",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I work as an ironsmith",
"text": "iċ wyrċe tō īsensmiðe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "then I took her as a wife",
"text": "þā nam iċ hīe tō wīfe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to boot (literally: as an improvement, thus in addition)",
"text": "tō bōte",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Angels will be sent by God as spirits of service hither into the world...",
"text": "Blickling Homilies, \"The Dedication of St. Michael's Church\"\nEnglas bēoð tō ðeġnunge gǣstum fram Gode hider on world sended...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as (In the role of)"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-prep-VAtHa6el",
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ti — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: to"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to",
"3": "too"
},
"expansion": "English: to, too",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: to, too"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "te",
"3": "tiv"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: te, tiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: te, tiv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tae"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*de"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon tō (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zuo (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish do",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tō"
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "ang-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"besides"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-adv-dFyTJsbp",
"links": [
[
"besides",
"besides"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in addition, also, too; moreover"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-adv-2acBHGT7",
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
],
[
"moreover",
"moreover"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Should not be too wrathful, nor too hasty in words,\nnor too weak warrior, nor too careless,\nnor too fearful, nor too joyful, nor too eager for money,\nnor ever too eager of pride, before he would know enough.",
"ref": "10th century, The Wanderer:",
"text": "Ne sċeal nō tō hātheort, · ne tō hrædwyrde,\nne tō wāc wiga, · ne tō wanhȳdiġ,\nne tō forht, ne tō fæġen, · ne tō feohġīfre,\nne nǣfre ġielpes tō ġeorn, · ǣr hē ġeare cunne.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to an excessive degree; too"
],
"id": "en-to-ang-adv-k4oxF9jb",
"links": [
[
"too",
"too"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ti — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adverbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prepositions",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 62 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*de"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon tō (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zuo (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish do",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "tō",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "tō"
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "ang-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.",
"ref": "10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 30:",
"text": "Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, into"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to#English"
],
[
"into",
"into"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then looked he towards Peter, desiring an alms,...",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Chair of Saint Peter\"\n...ðā beseah hē tō Petre sumere ælmessan wilniġende...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"towards"
],
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at"
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"ang:Grammar"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to drive",
"text": "tō drīfenne",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I work as an ironsmith",
"text": "iċ wyrċe tō īsensmiðe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "then I took her as a wife",
"text": "þā nam iċ hīe tō wīfe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to boot (literally: as an improvement, thus in addition)",
"text": "tō bōte",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Angels will be sent by God as spirits of service hither into the world...",
"text": "Blickling Homilies, \"The Dedication of St. Michael's Church\"\nEnglas bēoð tō ðeġnunge gǣstum fram Gode hider on world sended...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as (In the role of)"
],
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ti — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adverbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prepositions",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 62 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: to"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to",
"3": "too"
},
"expansion": "English: to, too",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: to, too"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "te",
"3": "tiv"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: te, tiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: te, tiv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tae"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*de"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon tō (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zuo (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish do",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tō"
},
"expansion": "tō",
"name": "ang-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"besides"
],
"links": [
[
"besides",
"besides"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in addition, also, too; moreover"
],
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
],
[
"moreover",
"moreover"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Should not be too wrathful, nor too hasty in words,\nnor too weak warrior, nor too careless,\nnor too fearful, nor too joyful, nor too eager for money,\nnor ever too eager of pride, before he would know enough.",
"ref": "10th century, The Wanderer:",
"text": "Ne sċeal nō tō hātheort, · ne tō hrædwyrde,\nne tō wāc wiga, · ne tō wanhȳdiġ,\nne tō forht, ne tō fæġen, · ne tō feohġīfre,\nne nǣfre ġielpes tō ġeorn, · ǣr hē ġeare cunne.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to an excessive degree; too"
],
"links": [
[
"too",
"too"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ti — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
Download raw JSONL data for to meaning in Old English (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.