"toþ" meaning in Old English

See toþ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /toːθ/
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *tanþ (by loss of the n and the resulting compensatory lengthening of the vowel). Cognates with Old Frisian tōth, Old Saxon tand, Dutch tand, Old High German zan, zand (German Zahn), Old Norse tǫnn (Swedish tand), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus); and with Sanskrit दन्त (danta) (Hindi दांत (dānt)), Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn), Latin dens (French dent), Old Irish dét, Lithuanian danti̇̀s. Etymology templates: {{dercat|ang|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}, {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*tanþ}} Proto-West Germanic *tanþ, {{cog|ofs|tōth}} Old Frisian tōth, {{cog|osx|tand}} Old Saxon tand, {{cog|nl|tand}} Dutch tand, {{cog|goh|zan}} Old High German zan, {{cog|de|Zahn}} German Zahn, {{cog|non|tǫnn}} Old Norse tǫnn, {{cog|sv|tand}} Swedish tand, {{cog|got|𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃}} Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus), {{cog|sa|दन्त}} Sanskrit दन्त (danta), {{cog|hi|दांत}} Hindi दांत (dānt), {{cog|grc|ὀδών}} Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn), {{cog|la|dens}} Latin dens, {{cog|fr|dent}} French dent, {{cog|sga|dét}} Old Irish dét, {{cog|lt|dantìs}} Lithuanian danti̇̀s Head templates: {{head|ang|nouns|||||g=m|g2=|g3=|head=tōþ|head2=|sort=}} tōþ m, {{ang-noun|m|head=tōþ}} tōþ m Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-cons-m|tōþ|tēþ}}, {{ang-decl-noun|tōþ|tēþ|tōþ|tēþ|tōþes|tōþa|tēþ|tōþum|num=|title=|type=strong consonant stem}} Forms: tōþ [canonical, masculine], no-table-tags [table-tags], tōþ [nominative, singular], tēþ [nominative, plural], tōþ [accusative, singular], tēþ [accusative, plural], tōþes [genitive, singular], tōþa [genitive, plural], tēþ [dative, singular], tōþum [dative, plural]
  1. tooth
    Sense id: en-toþ-ang-noun-lyLUpLWc Categories (other): Teeth Disambiguation of Teeth: 81 19
  2. tusk (of a walrus)
    Sense id: en-toþ-ang-noun-nKn6yw80
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ġetēþed, tōþlēas
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ġetēþed"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tōþlēas"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "tothe",
            "3": "toth",
            "4": "tooth"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: tothe, toth, tooth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: tothe, toth, tooth"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "tuth",
            "3": "tutht",
            "4": "tuith"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: tuth, tutht, tuith",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: tuth, tutht, tuith"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tooth"
          },
          "expansion": "English: tooth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: tooth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*tanþ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tanþ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "tōth"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian tōth",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "tand"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon tand",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "tand"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch tand",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "zan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German zan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Zahn"
      },
      "expansion": "German Zahn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "tǫnn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse tǫnn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "tand"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish tand",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दन्त"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दन्त (danta)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "दांत"
      },
      "expansion": "Hindi दांत (dānt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὀδών"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "dens"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dens",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "dent"
      },
      "expansion": "French dent",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "dét"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish dét",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dantìs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian danti̇̀s",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *tanþ (by loss of the n and the resulting compensatory lengthening of the vowel).\nCognates with Old Frisian tōth, Old Saxon tand, Dutch tand, Old High German zan, zand (German Zahn), Old Norse tǫnn (Swedish tand), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus); and with Sanskrit दन्त (danta) (Hindi दांत (dānt)), Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn), Latin dens (French dent), Old Irish dét, Lithuanian danti̇̀s.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tōþ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-cons-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tēþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tēþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tēþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "tōþ",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "tōþ m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "tōþ"
      },
      "expansion": "tōþ m",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tōþ",
        "2": "tēþ"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-cons-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tōþ",
        "2": "tēþ",
        "3": "tōþ",
        "4": "tēþ",
        "5": "tōþes",
        "6": "tōþa",
        "7": "tēþ",
        "8": "tōþum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong consonant stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ang",
          "name": "Teeth",
          "orig": "ang:Teeth",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tooth"
      ],
      "id": "en-toþ-ang-noun-lyLUpLWc",
      "links": [
        [
          "tooth",
          "tooth"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He went thither, in addition to the surveying of that land, because of the walruses, because they have very excellent bones on their tusks: they brought some of the teeth to the king; and their hides are very good for use as cables. This whale is much smaller than other whales; it is no longer than seven ells; but the best whaling is found in its own land: the whales are forty-eight ells long, and the largest are fifty ells...",
          "text": "Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan\nHē fōr ðyder, tōēacan þǣs landes sċēawunge, forðæm horshwælum, forðæm hī habbað swyðe æþele bān on hyra tōþum: þā tēð hȳ brōhton sume þǣm [cyninge]; and hyra hȳd bið swīðe gōd tō sċiprāpum. Sē hwæl bið micle lǣssa þonne ōðre hwalas: ne bið ne lengra ðonne syfan elna lang; ac, on his āgnum lande, is sē betsta hwælhuntað: þā bēoð eahta and fēowertiges elna lange, and þa mǣstan, fiftiġes elna lange; þāra, hē sǣde, þǣt hē syxa sum ofslōge syxtiġ on twām dagum.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tusk (of a walrus)"
      ],
      "id": "en-toþ-ang-noun-nKn6yw80",
      "links": [
        [
          "tusk",
          "tusk"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/toːθ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "toþ"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old English consonant stem nouns",
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English masculine nouns",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ang:Teeth"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ġetēþed"
    },
    {
      "word": "tōþlēas"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "tothe",
            "3": "toth",
            "4": "tooth"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: tothe, toth, tooth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: tothe, toth, tooth"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "tuth",
            "3": "tutht",
            "4": "tuith"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: tuth, tutht, tuith",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: tuth, tutht, tuith"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tooth"
          },
          "expansion": "English: tooth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: tooth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*tanþ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tanþ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "tōth"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian tōth",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "tand"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon tand",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "tand"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch tand",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "zan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German zan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Zahn"
      },
      "expansion": "German Zahn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "tǫnn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse tǫnn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "tand"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish tand",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दन्त"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दन्त (danta)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "दांत"
      },
      "expansion": "Hindi दांत (dānt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὀδών"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "dens"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dens",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "dent"
      },
      "expansion": "French dent",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "dét"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish dét",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dantìs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian danti̇̀s",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *tanþ (by loss of the n and the resulting compensatory lengthening of the vowel).\nCognates with Old Frisian tōth, Old Saxon tand, Dutch tand, Old High German zan, zand (German Zahn), Old Norse tǫnn (Swedish tand), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus); and with Sanskrit दन्त (danta) (Hindi दांत (dānt)), Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn), Latin dens (French dent), Old Irish dét, Lithuanian danti̇̀s.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tōþ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-cons-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tēþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tēþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tēþ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tōþum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "tōþ",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "tōþ m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "tōþ"
      },
      "expansion": "tōþ m",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tōþ",
        "2": "tēþ"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-cons-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tōþ",
        "2": "tēþ",
        "3": "tōþ",
        "4": "tēþ",
        "5": "tōþes",
        "6": "tōþa",
        "7": "tēþ",
        "8": "tōþum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong consonant stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "tooth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tooth",
          "tooth"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He went thither, in addition to the surveying of that land, because of the walruses, because they have very excellent bones on their tusks: they brought some of the teeth to the king; and their hides are very good for use as cables. This whale is much smaller than other whales; it is no longer than seven ells; but the best whaling is found in its own land: the whales are forty-eight ells long, and the largest are fifty ells...",
          "text": "Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan\nHē fōr ðyder, tōēacan þǣs landes sċēawunge, forðæm horshwælum, forðæm hī habbað swyðe æþele bān on hyra tōþum: þā tēð hȳ brōhton sume þǣm [cyninge]; and hyra hȳd bið swīðe gōd tō sċiprāpum. Sē hwæl bið micle lǣssa þonne ōðre hwalas: ne bið ne lengra ðonne syfan elna lang; ac, on his āgnum lande, is sē betsta hwælhuntað: þā bēoð eahta and fēowertiges elna lange, and þa mǣstan, fiftiġes elna lange; þāra, hē sǣde, þǣt hē syxa sum ofslōge syxtiġ on twām dagum.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tusk (of a walrus)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tusk",
          "tusk"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/toːθ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "toþ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for toþ meaning in Old English (5.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.