scræf in Old English

IPA: /ʃræf/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *skrabą (“cave, cavern, pit”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”), and thereby cognate with Latin scrobis (“ditch, trench”), and related to Old English scrapian (“to scrape”), screpan (“to scratch”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*skrabą||cave, cavern, pit}} Proto-Germanic *skrabą (“cave, cavern, pit”), {{der|ang|ine-pro|*(s)ker-||to cut off}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”), {{cog|la|scrobis||ditch, trench}} Latin scrobis (“ditch, trench”), {{cog|ang|scrapian||to scrape}} Old English scrapian (“to scrape”) Head templates: {{head|ang|nouns|||||g=n|g2=|g3=|head=sċræf|sort=}} sċræf n, {{ang-noun|n|head=sċræf}} sċræf n Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-a-n|sċræf|sċraf|short=1}}, {{ang-decl-noun|sċræf|sċrafu|sċræf|sċrafu|sċræfes|sċrafa|sċræfe|sċrafum|num=|title=|type=strong a-stem}} Forms: sċræf [canonical, neuter], strong [table-tags], sċræf [nominative, singular], sċrafu [nominative, plural], sċræf [accusative, singular], sċrafu [accusative, plural], sċræfes [genitive, singular], sċrafa [genitive, plural], sċræfe [dative, singular], sċrafum [dative, plural]

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{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "mountain-cavern",
      "word": "dūnsċræf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "earth-cavern",
      "word": "eorþsċræf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "rock-cavern",
      "word": "stānsċræf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "den of torment, hell",
      "word": "wītesċræf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "scræf",
            "qq": "early"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: scræf (early)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: scræf (early)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skrabą",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cave, cavern, pit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skrabą (“cave, cavern, pit”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ker-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to cut off"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "scrobis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ditch, trench"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin scrobis (“ditch, trench”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "scrapian",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scrape"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English scrapian (“to scrape”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skrabą (“cave, cavern, pit”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”), and thereby cognate with Latin scrobis (“ditch, trench”), and related to Old English scrapian (“to scrape”), screpan (“to scratch”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sċræf",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċræf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċrafu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċræf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċrafu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċræfes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċrafa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċræfe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċrafum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sċræf",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sċræf n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "head": "sċræf"
      },
      "expansion": "sċræf n",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sċræf",
        "2": "sċraf",
        "short": "1"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sċræf",
        "2": "sċrafu",
        "3": "sċræf",
        "4": "sċrafu",
        "5": "sċræfes",
        "6": "sċrafa",
        "7": "sċræfe",
        "8": "sċrafum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cave, cavern"
      ],
      "id": "en-scræf-ang-noun--L6g3CXu",
      "links": [
        [
          "cave",
          "cave"
        ],
        [
          "cavern",
          "cavern"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "miserable dwelling: den, hell"
      ],
      "id": "en-scræf-ang-noun-O~IGFfeI",
      "links": [
        [
          "miserable",
          "miserable"
        ],
        [
          "dwelling",
          "dwelling"
        ],
        [
          "den",
          "den"
        ],
        [
          "hell",
          "hell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃræf/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sċreaf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sċref"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sċraf"
    }
  ],
  "word": "scræf"
}

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{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
    "Old English neuter nouns",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "mountain-cavern",
      "word": "dūnsċræf"
    },
    {
      "english": "earth-cavern",
      "word": "eorþsċræf"
    },
    {
      "english": "rock-cavern",
      "word": "stānsċræf"
    },
    {
      "english": "den of torment, hell",
      "word": "wītesċræf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "scræf",
            "qq": "early"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: scræf (early)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: scræf (early)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skrabą",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cave, cavern, pit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skrabą (“cave, cavern, pit”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ker-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to cut off"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "scrobis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ditch, trench"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin scrobis (“ditch, trench”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "scrapian",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scrape"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English scrapian (“to scrape”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skrabą (“cave, cavern, pit”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”), and thereby cognate with Latin scrobis (“ditch, trench”), and related to Old English scrapian (“to scrape”), screpan (“to scratch”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sċræf",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċræf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċrafu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċræf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċrafu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċræfes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċrafa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċræfe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċrafum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sċræf",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sċræf n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "head": "sċræf"
      },
      "expansion": "sċræf n",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sċræf",
        "2": "sċraf",
        "short": "1"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sċræf",
        "2": "sċrafu",
        "3": "sċræf",
        "4": "sċrafu",
        "5": "sċræfes",
        "6": "sċrafa",
        "7": "sċræfe",
        "8": "sċrafum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cave, cavern"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cave",
          "cave"
        ],
        [
          "cavern",
          "cavern"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "miserable dwelling: den, hell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "miserable",
          "miserable"
        ],
        [
          "dwelling",
          "dwelling"
        ],
        [
          "den",
          "den"
        ],
        [
          "hell",
          "hell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃræf/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "sċreaf"
    },
    {
      "word": "sċref"
    },
    {
      "word": "sċraf"
    }
  ],
  "word": "scræf"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"scræf" meaning in Old English

Noun