See runian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for runian meaning in Old English (3.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rounen",
"3": "rownen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rounen, rownen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rounen, rownen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roun",
"3": "round"
},
"expansion": "English: roun, round",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: roun, round"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "roun",
"3": "round"
},
"expansion": "Scots: roun, round",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: roun, round"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rūnōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rūn",
"3": "ian"
},
"expansion": "rūn + -ian",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn, equivalent to rūn + -ian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūnian",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġerūnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "rūnian"
},
"expansion": "rūnian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūnian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rūnung"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to whisper"
],
"id": "en-runian-ang-verb-CrjYYtwx",
"links": [
[
"whisper",
"whisper"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hwisprian"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ni.ɑn/"
}
],
"word": "runian"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rūnung"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rounen",
"3": "rownen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rounen, rownen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rounen, rownen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roun",
"3": "round"
},
"expansion": "English: roun, round",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: roun, round"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "roun",
"3": "round"
},
"expansion": "Scots: roun, round",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: roun, round"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rūnōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rūn",
"3": "ian"
},
"expansion": "rūn + -ian",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn, equivalent to rūn + -ian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūnian",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rūniende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġerūnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "rūnian"
},
"expansion": "rūnian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūnian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to whisper"
],
"links": [
[
"whisper",
"whisper"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ni.ɑn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hwisprian"
}
],
"word": "runian"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.